From 6d84afd16d214c7e07d9f55e633dbcb0032473bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Lo=C3=AFc=20Hoguin?= Date: Mon, 27 Aug 2012 13:39:59 +0200 Subject: Rename cowboy_http_rest to cowboy_rest --- src/cowboy_rest.erl | 920 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 920 insertions(+) create mode 100644 src/cowboy_rest.erl (limited to 'src/cowboy_rest.erl') diff --git a/src/cowboy_rest.erl b/src/cowboy_rest.erl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de12f3f --- /dev/null +++ b/src/cowboy_rest.erl @@ -0,0 +1,920 @@ +%% Copyright (c) 2011-2012, Loïc Hoguin +%% +%% Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any +%% purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above +%% copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. +%% +%% THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES +%% WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF +%% MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR +%% ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES +%% WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN +%% ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF +%% OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. + +%% @doc Experimental REST protocol implementation. +%% +%% Based on the Webmachine Diagram from Alan Dean and Justin Sheehy, which +%% can be found in the Webmachine source tree, and on the Webmachine +%% documentation available at http://wiki.basho.com/Webmachine.html +%% at the time of writing. +-module(cowboy_rest). + +-export([upgrade/4]). + +-record(state, { + %% Handler. + handler :: atom(), + handler_state :: any(), + + %% Media type. + content_types_p = [] :: + [{binary() | {binary(), binary(), [{binary(), binary()}]}, atom()}], + content_type_a :: undefined + | {binary() | {binary(), binary(), [{binary(), binary()}]}, atom()}, + + %% Language. + languages_p = [] :: [binary()], + language_a :: undefined | binary(), + + %% Charset. + charsets_p = [] :: [{binary(), atom()}], + charset_a :: undefined | binary(), + + %% Cached resource calls. + etag :: undefined | no_call | {strong | weak, binary()}, + last_modified :: undefined | no_call | calendar:datetime(), + expires :: undefined | no_call | calendar:datetime() +}). + +-include("http.hrl"). + +%% @doc Upgrade a HTTP request to the REST protocol. +%% +%% You do not need to call this function manually. To upgrade to the REST +%% protocol, you simply need to return {upgrade, protocol, {@module}} +%% in your cowboy_http_handler:init/3 handler function. +-spec upgrade(pid(), module(), any(), #http_req{}) + -> {ok, #http_req{}} | close. +upgrade(_ListenerPid, Handler, Opts, Req) -> + try + case erlang:function_exported(Handler, rest_init, 2) of + true -> + case Handler:rest_init(Req, Opts) of + {ok, Req2, HandlerState} -> + service_available(Req2, #state{handler=Handler, + handler_state=HandlerState}) + end; + false -> + service_available(Req, #state{handler=Handler}) + end + catch Class:Reason -> + PLReq = lists:zip(record_info(fields, http_req), tl(tuple_to_list(Req))), + error_logger:error_msg( + "** Handler ~p terminating in rest_init/3~n" + " for the reason ~p:~p~n** Options were ~p~n" + "** Request was ~p~n** Stacktrace: ~p~n~n", + [Handler, Class, Reason, Opts, PLReq, erlang:get_stacktrace()]), + {ok, _Req2} = cowboy_req:reply(500, Req), + close + end. + +service_available(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, service_available, true, fun known_methods/2, 503). + +%% known_methods/2 should return a list of atoms or binary methods. +known_methods(Req=#http_req{method=Method}, State) -> + case call(Req, State, known_methods) of + no_call when Method =:= 'HEAD'; Method =:= 'GET'; Method =:= 'POST'; + Method =:= 'PUT'; Method =:= 'DELETE'; Method =:= 'TRACE'; + Method =:= 'CONNECT'; Method =:= 'OPTIONS' -> + next(Req, State, fun uri_too_long/2); + no_call -> + next(Req, State, 501); + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {List, Req2, HandlerState} -> + State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, + case lists:member(Method, List) of + true -> next(Req2, State2, fun uri_too_long/2); + false -> next(Req2, State2, 501) + end + end. + +uri_too_long(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, uri_too_long, false, fun allowed_methods/2, 414). + +%% allowed_methods/2 should return a list of atoms or binary methods. +allowed_methods(Req=#http_req{method=Method}, State) -> + case call(Req, State, allowed_methods) of + no_call when Method =:= 'HEAD'; Method =:= 'GET' -> + next(Req, State, fun malformed_request/2); + no_call -> + method_not_allowed(Req, State, ['GET', 'HEAD']); + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {List, Req2, HandlerState} -> + State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, + case lists:member(Method, List) of + true -> next(Req2, State2, fun malformed_request/2); + false -> method_not_allowed(Req2, State2, List) + end + end. + +method_not_allowed(Req, State, Methods) -> + {ok, Req2} = cowboy_req:set_resp_header( + <<"Allow">>, method_not_allowed_build(Methods, []), Req), + respond(Req2, State, 405). + +method_not_allowed_build([], []) -> + <<>>; +method_not_allowed_build([], [_Ignore|Acc]) -> + lists:reverse(Acc); +method_not_allowed_build([Method|Tail], Acc) when is_atom(Method) -> + Method2 = list_to_binary(atom_to_list(Method)), + method_not_allowed_build(Tail, [<<", ">>, Method2|Acc]); +method_not_allowed_build([Method|Tail], Acc) -> + method_not_allowed_build(Tail, [<<", ">>, Method|Acc]). + +malformed_request(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, malformed_request, false, fun is_authorized/2, 400). + +%% is_authorized/2 should return true or {false, WwwAuthenticateHeader}. +is_authorized(Req, State) -> + case call(Req, State, is_authorized) of + no_call -> + forbidden(Req, State); + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {true, Req2, HandlerState} -> + forbidden(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {{false, AuthHead}, Req2, HandlerState} -> + {ok, Req3} = cowboy_req:set_resp_header( + <<"Www-Authenticate">>, AuthHead, Req2), + respond(Req3, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, 401) + end. + +forbidden(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, forbidden, false, fun valid_content_headers/2, 403). + +valid_content_headers(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, valid_content_headers, true, + fun known_content_type/2, 501). + +known_content_type(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, known_content_type, true, + fun valid_entity_length/2, 413). + +valid_entity_length(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, valid_entity_length, true, fun options/2, 413). + +%% If you need to add additional headers to the response at this point, +%% you should do it directly in the options/2 call using set_resp_headers. +options(Req=#http_req{method='OPTIONS'}, State) -> + case call(Req, State, options) of + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {ok, Req2, HandlerState} -> + respond(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, 200) + end; +options(Req, State) -> + content_types_provided(Req, State). + +%% content_types_provided/2 should return a list of content types and their +%% associated callback function as a tuple: {{Type, SubType, Params}, Fun}. +%% Type and SubType are the media type as binary. Params is a list of +%% Key/Value tuple, with Key and Value a binary. Fun is the name of the +%% callback that will be used to return the content of the response. It is +%% given as an atom. +%% +%% An example of such return value would be: +%% {{<<"text">>, <<"html">>, []}, to_html} +%% +%% Note that it is also possible to return a binary content type that will +%% then be parsed by Cowboy. However note that while this may make your +%% resources a little more readable, this is a lot less efficient. An example +%% of such a return value would be: +%% {<<"text/html">>, to_html} +content_types_provided(Req=#http_req{meta=Meta}, State) -> + case call(Req, State, content_types_provided) of + no_call -> + not_acceptable(Req, State); + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {[], Req2, HandlerState} -> + not_acceptable(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {CTP, Req2, HandlerState} -> + CTP2 = [normalize_content_types(P) || P <- CTP], + State2 = State#state{ + handler_state=HandlerState, content_types_p=CTP2}, + {Accept, Req3} = cowboy_req:parse_header('Accept', Req2), + case Accept of + undefined -> + {PMT, _Fun} = HeadCTP = hd(CTP2), + languages_provided( + Req3#http_req{meta=[{media_type, PMT}|Meta]}, + State2#state{content_type_a=HeadCTP}); + Accept -> + Accept2 = prioritize_accept(Accept), + choose_media_type(Req3, State2, Accept2) + end + end. + +normalize_content_types({ContentType, Callback}) + when is_binary(ContentType) -> + {cowboy_http:content_type(ContentType), Callback}; +normalize_content_types(Provided) -> + Provided. + +prioritize_accept(Accept) -> + lists:sort( + fun ({MediaTypeA, Quality, _AcceptParamsA}, + {MediaTypeB, Quality, _AcceptParamsB}) -> + %% Same quality, check precedence in more details. + prioritize_mediatype(MediaTypeA, MediaTypeB); + ({_MediaTypeA, QualityA, _AcceptParamsA}, + {_MediaTypeB, QualityB, _AcceptParamsB}) -> + %% Just compare the quality. + QualityA > QualityB + end, Accept). + +%% Media ranges can be overridden by more specific media ranges or +%% specific media types. If more than one media range applies to a given +%% type, the most specific reference has precedence. +%% +%% We always choose B over A when we can't decide between the two. +prioritize_mediatype({TypeA, SubTypeA, ParamsA}, {TypeB, SubTypeB, ParamsB}) -> + case TypeB of + TypeA -> + case SubTypeB of + SubTypeA -> length(ParamsA) > length(ParamsB); + <<"*">> -> true; + _Any -> false + end; + <<"*">> -> true; + _Any -> false + end. + +%% Ignoring the rare AcceptParams. Not sure what should be done about them. +choose_media_type(Req, State, []) -> + not_acceptable(Req, State); +choose_media_type(Req, State=#state{content_types_p=CTP}, + [MediaType|Tail]) -> + match_media_type(Req, State, Tail, CTP, MediaType). + +match_media_type(Req, State, Accept, [], _MediaType) -> + choose_media_type(Req, State, Accept); +match_media_type(Req, State, Accept, CTP, + MediaType = {{<<"*">>, <<"*">>, _Params_A}, _QA, _APA}) -> + match_media_type_params(Req, State, Accept, CTP, MediaType); +match_media_type(Req, State, Accept, + CTP = [{{Type, SubType_P, _PP}, _Fun}|_Tail], + MediaType = {{Type, SubType_A, _PA}, _QA, _APA}) + when SubType_P =:= SubType_A; SubType_A =:= <<"*">> -> + match_media_type_params(Req, State, Accept, CTP, MediaType); +match_media_type(Req, State, Accept, [_Any|Tail], MediaType) -> + match_media_type(Req, State, Accept, Tail, MediaType). + +match_media_type_params(Req=#http_req{meta=Meta}, State, Accept, + [Provided = {PMT = {_TP, _STP, Params_P}, _Fun}|Tail], + MediaType = {{_TA, _STA, Params_A}, _QA, _APA}) -> + case lists:sort(Params_P) =:= lists:sort(Params_A) of + true -> + languages_provided(Req#http_req{meta=[{media_type, PMT}|Meta]}, + State#state{content_type_a=Provided}); + false -> + match_media_type(Req, State, Accept, Tail, MediaType) + end. + +%% languages_provided should return a list of binary values indicating +%% which languages are accepted by the resource. +%% +%% @todo I suppose we should also ask the resource if it wants to +%% set a language itself or if it wants it to be automatically chosen. +languages_provided(Req, State) -> + case call(Req, State, languages_provided) of + no_call -> + charsets_provided(Req, State); + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {[], Req2, HandlerState} -> + not_acceptable(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {LP, Req2, HandlerState} -> + State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState, languages_p=LP}, + {AcceptLanguage, Req3} = + cowboy_req:parse_header('Accept-Language', Req2), + case AcceptLanguage of + undefined -> + set_language(Req3, State2#state{language_a=hd(LP)}); + AcceptLanguage -> + AcceptLanguage2 = prioritize_languages(AcceptLanguage), + choose_language(Req3, State2, AcceptLanguage2) + end + end. + +%% A language-range matches a language-tag if it exactly equals the tag, +%% or if it exactly equals a prefix of the tag such that the first tag +%% character following the prefix is "-". The special range "*", if +%% present in the Accept-Language field, matches every tag not matched +%% by any other range present in the Accept-Language field. +%% +%% @todo The last sentence probably means we should always put '*' +%% at the end of the list. +prioritize_languages(AcceptLanguages) -> + lists:sort( + fun ({_TagA, QualityA}, {_TagB, QualityB}) -> + QualityA > QualityB + end, AcceptLanguages). + +choose_language(Req, State, []) -> + not_acceptable(Req, State); +choose_language(Req, State=#state{languages_p=LP}, [Language|Tail]) -> + match_language(Req, State, Tail, LP, Language). + +match_language(Req, State, Accept, [], _Language) -> + choose_language(Req, State, Accept); +match_language(Req, State, _Accept, [Provided|_Tail], {'*', _Quality}) -> + set_language(Req, State#state{language_a=Provided}); +match_language(Req, State, _Accept, [Provided|_Tail], {Provided, _Quality}) -> + set_language(Req, State#state{language_a=Provided}); +match_language(Req, State, Accept, [Provided|Tail], + Language = {Tag, _Quality}) -> + Length = byte_size(Tag), + case Provided of + << Tag:Length/binary, $-, _Any/bits >> -> + set_language(Req, State#state{language_a=Provided}); + _Any -> + match_language(Req, State, Accept, Tail, Language) + end. + +set_language(Req=#http_req{meta=Meta}, State=#state{language_a=Language}) -> + {ok, Req2} = cowboy_req:set_resp_header( + <<"Content-Language">>, Language, Req), + charsets_provided(Req2#http_req{meta=[{language, Language}|Meta]}, State). + +%% charsets_provided should return a list of binary values indicating +%% which charsets are accepted by the resource. +charsets_provided(Req, State) -> + case call(Req, State, charsets_provided) of + no_call -> + set_content_type(Req, State); + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {[], Req2, HandlerState} -> + not_acceptable(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {CP, Req2, HandlerState} -> + State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState, charsets_p=CP}, + {AcceptCharset, Req3} = + cowboy_req:parse_header('Accept-Charset', Req2), + case AcceptCharset of + undefined -> + set_content_type(Req3, State2#state{ + charset_a=element(1, hd(CP))}); + AcceptCharset -> + AcceptCharset2 = prioritize_charsets(AcceptCharset), + choose_charset(Req3, State2, AcceptCharset2) + end + end. + +%% The special value "*", if present in the Accept-Charset field, +%% matches every character set (including ISO-8859-1) which is not +%% mentioned elsewhere in the Accept-Charset field. If no "*" is present +%% in an Accept-Charset field, then all character sets not explicitly +%% mentioned get a quality value of 0, except for ISO-8859-1, which gets +%% a quality value of 1 if not explicitly mentioned. +prioritize_charsets(AcceptCharsets) -> + AcceptCharsets2 = lists:sort( + fun ({_CharsetA, QualityA}, {_CharsetB, QualityB}) -> + QualityA > QualityB + end, AcceptCharsets), + case lists:keymember(<<"*">>, 1, AcceptCharsets2) of + true -> AcceptCharsets2; + false -> [{<<"iso-8859-1">>, 1000}|AcceptCharsets2] + end. + +choose_charset(Req, State, []) -> + not_acceptable(Req, State); +choose_charset(Req, State=#state{charsets_p=CP}, [Charset|Tail]) -> + match_charset(Req, State, Tail, CP, Charset). + +match_charset(Req, State, Accept, [], _Charset) -> + choose_charset(Req, State, Accept); +match_charset(Req, State, _Accept, [{Provided, _}|_], {Provided, _}) -> + set_content_type(Req, State#state{charset_a=Provided}); +match_charset(Req, State, Accept, [_|Tail], Charset) -> + match_charset(Req, State, Accept, Tail, Charset). + +set_content_type(Req=#http_req{meta=Meta}, State=#state{ + content_type_a={{Type, SubType, Params}, _Fun}, + charset_a=Charset}) -> + ParamsBin = set_content_type_build_params(Params, []), + ContentType = [Type, <<"/">>, SubType, ParamsBin], + ContentType2 = case Charset of + undefined -> ContentType; + Charset -> [ContentType, <<"; charset=">>, Charset] + end, + {ok, Req2} = cowboy_req:set_resp_header( + <<"Content-Type">>, ContentType2, Req), + encodings_provided(Req2#http_req{meta=[{charset, Charset}|Meta]}, State). + +set_content_type_build_params([], []) -> + <<>>; +set_content_type_build_params([], Acc) -> + lists:reverse(Acc); +set_content_type_build_params([{Attr, Value}|Tail], Acc) -> + set_content_type_build_params(Tail, [[Attr, <<"=">>, Value], <<";">>|Acc]). + +%% @todo Match for identity as we provide nothing else for now. +%% @todo Don't forget to set the Content-Encoding header when we reply a body +%% and the found encoding is something other than identity. +encodings_provided(Req, State) -> + variances(Req, State). + +not_acceptable(Req, State) -> + respond(Req, State, 406). + +%% variances/2 should return a list of headers that will be added +%% to the Vary response header. The Accept, Accept-Language, +%% Accept-Charset and Accept-Encoding headers do not need to be +%% specified. +%% +%% @todo Do Accept-Encoding too when we handle it. +%% @todo Does the order matter? +variances(Req, State=#state{content_types_p=CTP, + languages_p=LP, charsets_p=CP}) -> + Variances = case CTP of + [] -> []; + [_] -> []; + [_|_] -> [<<"Accept">>] + end, + Variances2 = case LP of + [] -> Variances; + [_] -> Variances; + [_|_] -> [<<"Accept-Language">>|Variances] + end, + Variances3 = case CP of + [] -> Variances2; + [_] -> Variances2; + [_|_] -> [<<"Accept-Charset">>|Variances2] + end, + {Variances4, Req3, State2} = case call(Req, State, variances) of + no_call -> + {Variances3, Req, State}; + {HandlerVariances, Req2, HandlerState} -> + {Variances3 ++ HandlerVariances, Req2, + State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}} + end, + case [[<<", ">>, V] || V <- Variances4] of + [] -> + resource_exists(Req3, State2); + [[<<", ">>, H]|Variances5] -> + {ok, Req4} = cowboy_req:set_resp_header( + <<"Variances">>, [H|Variances5], Req3), + resource_exists(Req4, State2) + end. + +resource_exists(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, resource_exists, true, + fun if_match_exists/2, fun if_match_musnt_exist/2). + +if_match_exists(Req, State) -> + case cowboy_req:parse_header('If-Match', Req) of + {undefined, Req2} -> + if_unmodified_since_exists(Req2, State); + {'*', Req2} -> + if_unmodified_since_exists(Req2, State); + {ETagsList, Req2} -> + if_match(Req2, State, ETagsList) + end. + +if_match(Req, State, EtagsList) -> + {Etag, Req2, State2} = generate_etag(Req, State), + case lists:member(Etag, EtagsList) of + true -> if_unmodified_since_exists(Req2, State2); + %% Etag may be `undefined' which cannot be a member. + false -> precondition_failed(Req2, State2) + end. + +if_match_musnt_exist(Req, State) -> + case cowboy_req:header('If-Match', Req) of + {undefined, Req2} -> is_put_to_missing_resource(Req2, State); + {_Any, Req2} -> precondition_failed(Req2, State) + end. + +if_unmodified_since_exists(Req, State) -> + case cowboy_req:parse_header('If-Unmodified-Since', Req) of + {undefined, Req2} -> + if_none_match_exists(Req2, State); + {{error, badarg}, Req2} -> + if_none_match_exists(Req2, State); + {IfUnmodifiedSince, Req2} -> + if_unmodified_since(Req2, State, IfUnmodifiedSince) + end. + +%% If LastModified is the atom 'no_call', we continue. +if_unmodified_since(Req, State, IfUnmodifiedSince) -> + {LastModified, Req2, State2} = last_modified(Req, State), + case LastModified > IfUnmodifiedSince of + true -> precondition_failed(Req2, State2); + false -> if_none_match_exists(Req2, State2) + end. + +if_none_match_exists(Req, State) -> + case cowboy_req:parse_header('If-None-Match', Req) of + {undefined, Req2} -> + if_modified_since_exists(Req2, State); + {'*', Req2} -> + precondition_is_head_get(Req2, State); + {EtagsList, Req2} -> + if_none_match(Req2, State, EtagsList) + end. + +if_none_match(Req, State, EtagsList) -> + {Etag, Req2, State2} = generate_etag(Req, State), + case Etag of + undefined -> + precondition_failed(Req2, State2); + Etag -> + case lists:member(Etag, EtagsList) of + true -> precondition_is_head_get(Req2, State2); + false -> if_modified_since_exists(Req2, State2) + end + end. + +precondition_is_head_get(Req=#http_req{method=Method}, State) + when Method =:= 'HEAD'; Method =:= 'GET' -> + not_modified(Req, State); +precondition_is_head_get(Req, State) -> + precondition_failed(Req, State). + +if_modified_since_exists(Req, State) -> + case cowboy_req:parse_header('If-Modified-Since', Req) of + {undefined, Req2} -> + method(Req2, State); + {{error, badarg}, Req2} -> + method(Req2, State); + {IfModifiedSince, Req2} -> + if_modified_since_now(Req2, State, IfModifiedSince) + end. + +if_modified_since_now(Req, State, IfModifiedSince) -> + case IfModifiedSince > erlang:universaltime() of + true -> method(Req, State); + false -> if_modified_since(Req, State, IfModifiedSince) + end. + +if_modified_since(Req, State, IfModifiedSince) -> + {LastModified, Req2, State2} = last_modified(Req, State), + case LastModified of + no_call -> + method(Req2, State2); + LastModified -> + case LastModified > IfModifiedSince of + true -> method(Req2, State2); + false -> not_modified(Req2, State2) + end + end. + +not_modified(Req=#http_req{resp_headers=RespHeaders}, State) -> + RespHeaders2 = lists:keydelete(<<"Content-Type">>, 1, RespHeaders), + Req2 = Req#http_req{resp_headers=RespHeaders2}, + {Req3, State2} = set_resp_etag(Req2, State), + {Req4, State3} = set_resp_expires(Req3, State2), + respond(Req4, State3, 304). + +precondition_failed(Req, State) -> + respond(Req, State, 412). + +is_put_to_missing_resource(Req=#http_req{method='PUT'}, State) -> + moved_permanently(Req, State, fun is_conflict/2); +is_put_to_missing_resource(Req, State) -> + previously_existed(Req, State). + +%% moved_permanently/2 should return either false or {true, Location} +%% with Location the full new URI of the resource. +moved_permanently(Req, State, OnFalse) -> + case call(Req, State, moved_permanently) of + {{true, Location}, Req2, HandlerState} -> + {ok, Req3} = cowboy_req:set_resp_header( + <<"Location">>, Location, Req2), + respond(Req3, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, 301); + {false, Req2, HandlerState} -> + OnFalse(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + no_call -> + OnFalse(Req, State) + end. + +previously_existed(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, previously_existed, false, + fun (R, S) -> is_post_to_missing_resource(R, S, 404) end, + fun (R, S) -> moved_permanently(R, S, fun moved_temporarily/2) end). + +%% moved_temporarily/2 should return either false or {true, Location} +%% with Location the full new URI of the resource. +moved_temporarily(Req, State) -> + case call(Req, State, moved_temporarily) of + {{true, Location}, Req2, HandlerState} -> + {ok, Req3} = cowboy_req:set_resp_header( + <<"Location">>, Location, Req2), + respond(Req3, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, 307); + {false, Req2, HandlerState} -> + is_post_to_missing_resource(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, 410); + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + no_call -> + is_post_to_missing_resource(Req, State, 410) + end. + +is_post_to_missing_resource(Req=#http_req{method='POST'}, State, OnFalse) -> + allow_missing_post(Req, State, OnFalse); +is_post_to_missing_resource(Req, State, OnFalse) -> + respond(Req, State, OnFalse). + +allow_missing_post(Req, State, OnFalse) -> + expect(Req, State, allow_missing_post, true, fun post_is_create/2, OnFalse). + +method(Req=#http_req{method='DELETE'}, State) -> + delete_resource(Req, State); +method(Req=#http_req{method='POST'}, State) -> + post_is_create(Req, State); +method(Req=#http_req{method='PUT'}, State) -> + is_conflict(Req, State); +method(Req, State) -> + set_resp_body(Req, State). + +%% delete_resource/2 should start deleting the resource and return. +delete_resource(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, delete_resource, false, 500, fun delete_completed/2). + +%% delete_completed/2 indicates whether the resource has been deleted yet. +delete_completed(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, delete_completed, true, fun has_resp_body/2, 202). + +%% post_is_create/2 indicates whether the POST method can create new resources. +post_is_create(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, post_is_create, false, fun process_post/2, fun create_path/2). + +%% When the POST method can create new resources, create_path/2 will be called +%% and is expected to return the full path to the new resource +%% (including the leading /). +create_path(Req=#http_req{meta=Meta}, State) -> + case call(Req, State, create_path) of + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {Path, Req2, HandlerState} -> + Location = create_path_location(Req2, Path), + State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, + {ok, Req3} = cowboy_req:set_resp_header( + <<"Location">>, Location, Req2), + put_resource(Req3#http_req{meta=[{put_path, Path}|Meta]}, + State2, 303) + end. + +create_path_location(#http_req{transport=Transport, raw_host=Host, + port=Port}, Path) -> + TransportName = Transport:name(), + << (create_path_location_protocol(TransportName))/binary, "://", + Host/binary, (create_path_location_port(TransportName, Port))/binary, + Path/binary >>. + +create_path_location_protocol(ssl) -> <<"https">>; +create_path_location_protocol(_) -> <<"http">>. + +create_path_location_port(ssl, 443) -> + <<>>; +create_path_location_port(tcp, 80) -> + <<>>; +create_path_location_port(_, Port) -> + <<":", (list_to_binary(integer_to_list(Port)))/binary>>. + +%% process_post should return true when the POST body could be processed +%% and false when it hasn't, in which case a 500 error is sent. +process_post(Req, State) -> + case call(Req, State, process_post) of + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {true, Req2, HandlerState} -> + State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, + next(Req2, State2, fun is_new_resource/2); + {false, Req2, HandlerState} -> + State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, + respond(Req2, State2, 500) + end. + +is_conflict(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, is_conflict, false, fun put_resource/2, 409). + +put_resource(Req=#http_req{raw_path=RawPath, meta=Meta}, State) -> + Req2 = Req#http_req{meta=[{put_path, RawPath}|Meta]}, + put_resource(Req2, State, fun is_new_resource/2). + +%% content_types_accepted should return a list of media types and their +%% associated callback functions in the same format as content_types_provided. +%% +%% The callback will then be called and is expected to process the content +%% pushed to the resource in the request body. The path to the new resource +%% may be different from the request path, and is stored as request metadata. +%% It is always defined past this point. It can be retrieved as demonstrated: +%% {PutPath, Req2} = cowboy_req:meta(put_path, Req) +put_resource(Req, State, OnTrue) -> + case call(Req, State, content_types_accepted) of + no_call -> + respond(Req, State, 415); + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {CTA, Req2, HandlerState} -> + CTA2 = [normalize_content_types(P) || P <- CTA], + State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, + {ContentType, Req3} + = cowboy_req:parse_header('Content-Type', Req2), + choose_content_type(Req3, State2, OnTrue, ContentType, CTA2) + end. + +%% The special content type '*' will always match. It can be used as a +%% catch-all content type for accepting any kind of request content. +%% Note that because it will always match, it should be the last of the +%% list of content types, otherwise it'll shadow the ones following. +choose_content_type(Req, State, _OnTrue, _ContentType, []) -> + respond(Req, State, 415); +choose_content_type(Req, State, OnTrue, ContentType, [{Accepted, Fun}|_Tail]) + when Accepted =:= '*' orelse Accepted =:= ContentType -> + case call(Req, State, Fun) of + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {true, Req2, HandlerState} -> + State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, + next(Req2, State2, OnTrue); + {false, Req2, HandlerState} -> + State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, + respond(Req2, State2, 500) + end; +choose_content_type(Req, State, OnTrue, ContentType, [_Any|Tail]) -> + choose_content_type(Req, State, OnTrue, ContentType, Tail). + +%% Whether we created a new resource, either through PUT or POST. +%% This is easily testable because we would have set the Location +%% header by this point if we did so. +is_new_resource(Req, State) -> + case cowboy_req:has_resp_header(<<"Location">>, Req) of + true -> respond(Req, State, 201); + false -> has_resp_body(Req, State) + end. + +has_resp_body(Req, State) -> + case cowboy_req:has_resp_body(Req) of + true -> multiple_choices(Req, State); + false -> respond(Req, State, 204) + end. + +%% Set the response headers and call the callback found using +%% content_types_provided/2 to obtain the request body and add +%% it to the response. +set_resp_body(Req=#http_req{method=Method}, + State=#state{content_type_a={_Type, Fun}}) + when Method =:= 'GET'; Method =:= 'HEAD' -> + {Req2, State2} = set_resp_etag(Req, State), + {LastModified, Req3, State3} = last_modified(Req2, State2), + case LastModified of + LastModified when is_atom(LastModified) -> + Req4 = Req3; + LastModified -> + LastModifiedStr = httpd_util:rfc1123_date(LastModified), + {ok, Req4} = cowboy_req:set_resp_header( + <<"Last-Modified">>, LastModifiedStr, Req3) + end, + {Req5, State4} = set_resp_expires(Req4, State3), + case call(Req5, State4, Fun) of + {halt, Req6, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req6, State4#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {Body, Req6, HandlerState} -> + State5 = State4#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, + {ok, Req7} = case Body of + {stream, Len, Fun1} -> + cowboy_req:set_resp_body_fun(Len, Fun1, Req6); + _Contents -> + cowboy_req:set_resp_body(Body, Req6) + end, + multiple_choices(Req7, State5) + end; +set_resp_body(Req, State) -> + multiple_choices(Req, State). + +multiple_choices(Req, State) -> + expect(Req, State, multiple_choices, false, 200, 300). + +%% Response utility functions. + +set_resp_etag(Req, State) -> + {Etag, Req2, State2} = generate_etag(Req, State), + case Etag of + undefined -> + {Req2, State2}; + Etag -> + {ok, Req3} = cowboy_req:set_resp_header( + <<"ETag">>, encode_etag(Etag), Req2), + {Req3, State2} + end. + +-spec encode_etag({strong | weak, binary()}) -> iolist(). +encode_etag({strong, Etag}) -> [$",Etag,$"]; +encode_etag({weak, Etag}) -> ["W/\"",Etag,$"]. + +set_resp_expires(Req, State) -> + {Expires, Req2, State2} = expires(Req, State), + case Expires of + Expires when is_atom(Expires) -> + {Req2, State2}; + Expires -> + ExpiresStr = httpd_util:rfc1123_date(Expires), + {ok, Req3} = cowboy_req:set_resp_header( + <<"Expires">>, ExpiresStr, Req2), + {Req3, State2} + end. + +%% Info retrieval. No logic. + +generate_etag(Req, State=#state{etag=no_call}) -> + {undefined, Req, State}; +generate_etag(Req, State=#state{etag=undefined}) -> + case call(Req, State, generate_etag) of + no_call -> + {undefined, Req, State#state{etag=no_call}}; + %% Previously the return value from the generate_etag/2 callback was set + %% as the value of the ETag header in the response. Therefore the only + %% valid return type was `binary()'. If a handler returns a `binary()' + %% it must be mapped to the expected type or it'll always fail to + %% compare equal to any entity tags present in the request headers. + %% @todo Remove support for binary return values after 0.6. + {Etag, Req2, HandlerState} when is_binary(Etag) -> + [Etag2] = cowboy_http:entity_tag_match(Etag), + {Etag2, Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState, etag=Etag2}}; + {Etag, Req2, HandlerState} -> + {Etag, Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState, etag=Etag}} + end; +generate_etag(Req, State=#state{etag=Etag}) -> + {Etag, Req, State}. + +last_modified(Req, State=#state{last_modified=no_call}) -> + {undefined, Req, State}; +last_modified(Req, State=#state{last_modified=undefined}) -> + case call(Req, State, last_modified) of + no_call -> + {undefined, Req, State#state{last_modified=no_call}}; + {LastModified, Req2, HandlerState} -> + {LastModified, Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState, + last_modified=LastModified}} + end; +last_modified(Req, State=#state{last_modified=LastModified}) -> + {LastModified, Req, State}. + +expires(Req, State=#state{expires=no_call}) -> + {undefined, Req, State}; +expires(Req, State=#state{expires=undefined}) -> + case call(Req, State, expires) of + no_call -> + {undefined, Req, State#state{expires=no_call}}; + {Expires, Req2, HandlerState} -> + {Expires, Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState, + expires=Expires}} + end; +expires(Req, State=#state{expires=Expires}) -> + {Expires, Req, State}. + +%% REST primitives. + +expect(Req, State, Callback, Expected, OnTrue, OnFalse) -> + case call(Req, State, Callback) of + no_call -> + next(Req, State, OnTrue); + {halt, Req2, HandlerState} -> + terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}); + {Expected, Req2, HandlerState} -> + next(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, OnTrue); + {_Unexpected, Req2, HandlerState} -> + next(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, OnFalse) + end. + +call(Req, #state{handler=Handler, handler_state=HandlerState}, Fun) -> + case erlang:function_exported(Handler, Fun, 2) of + true -> Handler:Fun(Req, HandlerState); + false -> no_call + end. + +next(Req, State, Next) when is_function(Next) -> + Next(Req, State); +next(Req, State, StatusCode) when is_integer(StatusCode) -> + respond(Req, State, StatusCode). + +respond(Req, State, StatusCode) -> + {ok, Req2} = cowboy_req:reply(StatusCode, Req), + terminate(Req2, State). + +terminate(Req, #state{handler=Handler, handler_state=HandlerState}) -> + case erlang:function_exported(Handler, rest_terminate, 2) of + true -> ok = Handler:rest_terminate( + Req#http_req{resp_state=locked}, HandlerState); + false -> ok + end, + {ok, Req}. -- cgit v1.2.3