[appendix]
== Migrating from Cowboy 2.6 to 2.7

Cowboy 2.7 improves the HTTP/2 code with optimizations
around the sending of DATA and WINDOW_UPDATE frames;
graceful shutdown of the connection when the client is
going away; and rate limiting mechanisms. New options
and mechanisms have also been added to control the
amount of memory Cowboy ends up using with both HTTP/1.1
and HTTP/2. Much, but not all, of this work was done
to address HTTP/2 CVEs about potential denial of service.

In addition, many of the experimental features introduced
in previous releases have been marked stable and are now
documented.

Cowboy 2.7 requires Erlang/OTP 20.0 or greater.

=== Features added

* Cowboy is now compatible with both Ranch 1.7 and the
  upcoming Ranch 2.0.

* The number of HTTP/2 WINDOW_UPDATE frames Cowboy sends
  has been greatly reduced. Cowboy now applies heuristics
  to determine whether it is necessary to update the window,
  based on the current window size and the amount of data
  requested by streams (the `cowboy_req:read_body/2` length
  for example). Six new options have been added to control
  this behavior: `connection_window_margin_size`,
  `connection_window_update_threshold`,
  `max_connection_window_size`, `max_stream_window_size`,
  `stream_window_margin_size` and
  `stream_window_update_threshold`.

* HTTP/2 connections will now be shut down gracefully
  when receiving a GOAWAY frame. Cowboy will simply
  wait for existing streams to finish before closing
  the connection.

* Functions that stream the response body now have
  backpressure applied. They now wait for a message
  to be sent back. The message will be held off when
  using HTTP/2 and the buffer sizes exceed either
  `max_connection_buffer_size` or `max_stream_buffer_size`.
  For HTTP/1.1 the data is sent synchronously and we
  rely instead on the TCP backpressure.

* A new HTTP/2 option `stream_window_data_threshold`
  can be used to control how little the DATA frames that
  Cowboy sends can get. By default Cowboy will wait for
  the window to be large enough to send either everything
  queued or to reach the default maximum frame size of
  16384 bytes.

* A new HTTP/2 option `max_receive_frame_rate` can be
  used to control how fast the server is willing to receive
  frames. By default it will accept 1000 frames every 10
  seconds.

* A new HTTP/2 option `max_reset_stream_rate` can be
  used to control the rate of errors the server is
  willing to accept. By default it will accept 10
  stream resets every 10 seconds.

* The HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 option `logger` is now
  documented.

* The Websocket option `validate_utf8` has been
  added. It can be used to disable the expensive UTF-8
  validation for incoming text and close frames.

* The experimental commands based Websocket interface
  is now considered stable and has been documented.
  The old interface is now deprecated.

* The experimental stream handlers `cowboy_metrics_h`
  and `cowboy_tracer_h` are now considered stable and
  have been documented.

* The stream handler commands `set_options` and `log`
  are now considered stable and have been documented.

* The router is now capable of retrieving dispatch
  rules directly from the `persistent_term` storage
  (available starting from Erlang/OTP 21.2).

* Support for the status codes 208 and 508 has been
  added.

* Update Ranch to 1.7.1.

* Update Cowlib to 2.8.0.

=== Experimental features added

* It is now possible to read the response body from any
  process, as well as doing any other `cowboy_req`
  operations. Since this is not recommended due to
  race condition concerns this feature will always
  remain experimental.

=== New functions

* The function `cowboy_req:filter_cookies/2` has been
  added. It can be called before parsing/matching
  cookies in order to filter out undesirables. The
  main reason for doing this is to avoid most parse
  errors that may occur when dealing with Web browsers
  (which have a string-based Javascript interface to
  cookies that is very permissive of invalid content)
  and to be able to recover in other cases.

* The function `cowboy_req:cast/2` has been added.
  It can be used to send events to stream handlers.

=== Bugs fixed

* A number of fixes and additions were made to address the
  HTTP/2 CVEs CVE-2019-9511 through CVE-2019-9518, except
  for CVE-2019-9513 which required no intervention as the
  relevant protocol feature is not implemented by Cowboy.

* The HTTP/2 connection window could become larger than the
  protocol allows, leading to errors. This has been corrected.

* The presence of empty header names in HTTP/2 requests now
  results in the request to be rejected.

* Cowboy will now remove headers specific to HTTP/1.1
  (the hop by hop headers such as connection or upgrade)
  when building an HTTP/2 response.

* A bug in the HTTP/2 code that resulted in the failure to
  fully send iolist response bodies has been fixed. Cowboy
  would just wait indefinitely in those cases.

* It was possible for a final empty HTTP/2 DATA frame to get
  stuck and never sent when the window reached 0 and the remote
  end did not increase the window anymore. This has been
  corrected.

* Cowboy now uses the host header when the HTTP/2
  :authority pseudo header is missing. A common scenario
  where this occurs is when proxies translate incoming
  HTTP/1.1 requests to HTTP/2.

* HTTP/1.1 connections are now properly closed when the
  user code sends less data than advertised in the response
  headers.

* Cowboy will now close HTTP/1.1 connections immediately when
  a header line is missing a colon separator. Previously it
  was waiting for more data.

* It was possible for Cowboy to receive stray timeout messages
  for HTTP/1.1 connections. This has been addressed.

* The type for the Req object has been updated to accept
  custom fields as was already documented.

* The authentication scheme returned when parsing the
  authorization header is now case insensitive, which
  means it will be returned as lowercase.

* Cowboy no longer discards data that follows a Websocket
  upgrade request. Note that the protocol does not allow
  sending data before receiving a successful Websocket
  upgrade response, so this fix is more out of principle
  rather than to fix a real world issue.

* The `cowboy_static` handler will now properly detect
  the type of files that have an uppercase or mixed
  extension component.

* The `cowboy_static` handler is now consistent across all
  supported platforms. It now explicitly rejects `path_info`
  components that include a forward slash, backward slash
  or NUL character.

* The update to Ranch 1.7.1 fixes an issue with the PROXY
  protocol that would cause checksum verification to fail.

* The HTTP/1.1 error reason for `stream_error` mistakenly
  contained an extra element. It has now been removed.

* The `PartialReq` given to the `early_error` stream handler
  callback now includes headers when the protocol is HTTP/2.

* A bug where the stacktrace was incorrect in error messages
  has been fixed. The problem occurred when an exception
  occurred in the handler's terminate callback.

* The REST flowchart for POST, PATCH and PUT has received
  a number of fixes and had to be greatly reworked as a
  result. When the method is PUT, we do not check for
  the location header in the response. When the resource
  doesn't exist and the method was PUT the flowchart was
  largely incorrect. A 415 response may occur after the
  `content_types_accepted` callback and was missing from
  the flowchart.

* The documentation for `content_types_accepted` now
  includes the media type wildcard that was previously
  missing.

* The documentation for a type found in `cow_cookie`
  was missing. A manual page for `cow_cookie` was added
  and can be found in the Cowlib documentation.
