[[xref]]
== Xref

Xref is a cross reference tool for analyzing dependencies
between functions, modules, applications and releases.
Erlang.mk provides an interface to analyzing all except
the releases.

Both predefined checks and custom queries are supported
in Erlang.mk.

=== Usage

To run Xref with the default predefined checks:

[source,bash]
$ make xref

Erlang.mk will error out when warnings are found.

The following predefined checks can be used:

* `undefined_function_calls`
* `undefined_functions` (similar to the previous)
* `locals_not_used` (detected by the compiler)
* `exports_not_used`
* `deprecated_function_calls` (also detected by the compiler)
* `deprecated_functions` (similar to the previous)
* `{deprecated_function_calls, Flag}`
* `{deprecated_functions, Flag}` (similar to the previous)

Erlang.mk will only run the `undefined_function_calls`
check by default.

To change the check the `XREF_CHECKS` variable can be used:

[source,bash]
$ make xref XREF_CHECKS=exports_not_used

Multiple checks can be run at once. The checks variable
must be defined as an Erlang list:

[source,bash]
$ make xref XREF_CHECKS="[undefined_function_calls, exports_not_used]"

Erlang.mk also supports informational analyses. Those will
not error out when results are found, since they are not
errors. To find all modules that call `cowboy_req` functions:

[source,bash]
$ make xref XREF_CHECKS="{module_use, cowboy_req}"

The following informational checks are supported:

* `{call, MFA}` - functions that MFA calls
* `{use, MFA}` - functions that call MFA
* `{module_call, Mod}` - modules that Mod calls (Mod depends on them)
* `{module_use, Mod}` - modules that call Mod (they depend on Mod)
* `{application_call, App}` - apps that App calls (App depends on them)
* `{application_use, App}` - apps that call App (they depend on App)

The scope might need to be increased in order to obtain
the complete results of informational checks. This is
especially true for module and applications, with
application results being dependent on the applications
being added to the scope to be found.

=== Queries

Erlang.mk provides an interface to the Xref query
functions. To perform a query, the `q` variable
must be used instead of `XREF_CHECKS`. For example,
to obtain all unresolved calls:

[source,bash]
$ make xref q=UC

The query language is documented at the top of the
link:https://www.erlang.org/doc/man/xref.html[Xref manual page].

=== Analysis scope

Erlang.mk will set the scope of analysis to the current
project by default. The scope can be automatically
extended to the applications from multi-application
repositories, to dependencies and to the built-in
Erlang/OTP applications themselves.

To change the scope, the `XREF_SCOPE` variable can be
set. The variable can either be set in your Makefile
or from the command line. The following values can
be defined:

* `app` - the current project
* `apps` - applications from multi-application repositories
* `deps` - dependencies
* `otp` - Erlang/OTP applications

To get the most complete analysis possible they should
all be added to the variable:

[source,bash]
----
$ make xref XREF_CHECKS="{application_use, ssl}" XREF_SCOPE="app apps deps otp"
Application ssl is used by:
- my_app
- diameter
- eldap
- ftp
- inets
- ssl
----

Additional applications can be provided using the
`XREF_EXTRA_APP_DIRS` variable. Note that these
applications will need to be compiled before they
can be found by Xref.

Similarly, non-application directories can be
added using `XREF_EXTRA_DIRS`. The directory
to be provided must be the one that contains
the beam files.

=== Ignoring warnings

Sometimes it is necessary to ignore warnings because
they are expected. This is the case for example
when multiple Erlang/OTP versions must be supported
and modules or functions have been added or removed.

Erlang.mk supports both project-wide configuration
and Rebar-compatible inline ignores. To ignore
warnings for a function in the current module the
following line can be added to the source file:

[source,erlang]
----
-ignore_xref({log, 1}).
----

The module name can be specified explicitly:

[source,erlang]
----
-ignore_xref({my_mod, log, 1}).
----

As well as a full module can be ignored:

[source,erlang]
----
-ignore_xref(my_mod).
----

The ignored functions can be provided as a list:

[source,erlang]
----
-ignore_xref([{log, 1}, {pretty_print, 1}]).
----

The `XREF_IGNORE` variable can be used to define
functions and modules to ignore project-wide. It
accepts either MFAs or modules:

[source,make]
XREF_IGNORE = {my_mod, log, 1}

Multiple ignores must be provided as an Erlang
list:

[source,make]
XREF_IGNORE = [{my_mod, log, 1}, other_mod]

By default Erlang.mk will ignore unused exports
for behavior callbacks when the `exports_not_used`
check is run. It is possible to override this
behavior, or to ignore the callbacks for queries
and other checks, by defining the `XREF_IGNORE_CALLBACKS`
variable:

[source,bash]
$ make xref XREF_CHECKS=exports_not_used XREF_IGNORE_CALLBACKS=0