From 6bd79e8f543da4777ba872a0edeaae8a9a90d5a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ingela Anderton Andin Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2017 17:05:42 +0200 Subject: dtls: Customize alert handling for DTLS over UDP From RFC 6347: 4.1.2.7. Handling Invalid Records Unlike TLS, DTLS is resilient in the face of invalid records (e.g., invalid formatting, length, MAC, etc.). In general, invalid records SHOULD be silently discarded, thus preserving the association; however, an error MAY be logged for diagnostic purposes. Implementations which choose to generate an alert instead, MUST generate fatal level alerts to avoid attacks where the attacker repeatedly probes the implementation to see how it responds to various types of error. Note that if DTLS is run over UDP, then any implementation which does this will be extremely susceptible to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks because UDP forgery is so easy. Thus, this practice is NOT RECOMMENDED for such transports. --- lib/ssl/src/dtls_connection.erl | 65 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- lib/ssl/src/ssl_alert.erl | 4 +-- lib/ssl/src/ssl_alert.hrl | 4 +-- lib/ssl/test/ssl_basic_SUITE.erl | 2 +- 4 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/lib/ssl/src/dtls_connection.erl b/lib/ssl/src/dtls_connection.erl index b6aafc3fa4..ff3e69bae5 100644 --- a/lib/ssl/src/dtls_connection.erl +++ b/lib/ssl/src/dtls_connection.erl @@ -276,7 +276,9 @@ init({call, _} = Type, Event, #state{role = server, transport_cb = gen_udp} = St Result = ssl_connection:init(Type, Event, State#state{flight_state = {retransmit, ?INITIAL_RETRANSMIT_TIMEOUT}, protocol_specific = #{current_cookie_secret => dtls_v1:cookie_secret(), - previous_cookie_secret => <<>>}}, + previous_cookie_secret => <<>>, + ignored_alerts => 0, + max_ignored_alerts => 10}}, ?MODULE), erlang:send_after(dtls_v1:cookie_timeout(), self(), new_cookie_secret), Result; @@ -374,7 +376,7 @@ hello(internal, #server_hello{} = Hello, ssl_options = SslOptions} = State) -> case dtls_handshake:hello(Hello, SslOptions, ConnectionStates0, Renegotiation) of #alert{} = Alert -> - ssl_connection:handle_own_alert(Alert, ReqVersion, hello, State); + handle_own_alert(Alert, ReqVersion, hello, State); {Version, NewId, ConnectionStates, ProtoExt, Protocol} -> ssl_connection:handle_session(Hello, Version, NewId, ConnectionStates, ProtoExt, Protocol, State) @@ -546,7 +548,7 @@ handle_call(Event, From, StateName, State) -> handle_common_event(internal, #alert{} = Alert, StateName, #state{negotiated_version = Version} = State) -> - ssl_connection:handle_own_alert(Alert, Version, StateName, State); + handle_own_alert(Alert, Version, StateName, State); %%% DTLS record protocol level handshake messages handle_common_event(internal, #ssl_tls{type = ?HANDSHAKE, fragment = Data}, @@ -565,7 +567,7 @@ handle_common_event(internal, #ssl_tls{type = ?HANDSHAKE, State#state{unprocessed_handshake_events = unprocessed_events(Events)}, Events} end catch throw:#alert{} = Alert -> - ssl_connection:handle_own_alert(Alert, Version, StateName, State0) + handle_own_alert(Alert, Version, StateName, State0) end; %%% DTLS record protocol level application data messages handle_common_event(internal, #ssl_tls{type = ?APPLICATION_DATA, fragment = Data}, StateName, State) -> @@ -580,7 +582,7 @@ handle_common_event(internal, #ssl_tls{type = ?ALERT, fragment = EncAlerts}, Sta Alerts = [_|_] -> handle_alerts(Alerts, {next_state, StateName, State}); #alert{} = Alert -> - ssl_connection:handle_own_alert(Alert, Version, StateName, State) + handle_own_alert(Alert, Version, StateName, State) end; %% Ignore unknown TLS record level protocol messages handle_common_event(internal, #ssl_tls{type = _Unknown}, StateName, State) -> @@ -632,7 +634,7 @@ handle_client_hello(#client_hello{client_version = ClientVersion} = Hello, case dtls_handshake:hello(Hello, SslOpts, {Port, Session0, Cache, CacheCb, ConnectionStates0, Cert, KeyExAlg}, Renegotiation) of #alert{} = Alert -> - ssl_connection:handle_own_alert(Alert, ClientVersion, hello, State0); + handle_own_alert(Alert, ClientVersion, hello, State0); {Version, {Type, Session}, ConnectionStates, Protocol0, ServerHelloExt, HashSign} -> Protocol = case Protocol0 of @@ -967,3 +969,54 @@ unprocessed_events(Events) -> %% process more TLS-records received on the socket. erlang:length(Events)-1. +handle_own_alert(Alert, Version, StateName, #state{transport_cb = gen_udp, + role = Role, + ssl_options = Options} = State0) -> + case ignore_alert(Alert, State0) of + {true, State} -> + log_ignore_alert(Options#ssl_options.log_alert, StateName, Alert, Role), + {next_state, StateName, State}; + {false, State} -> + ssl_connection:handle_own_alert(Alert, Version, StateName, State) + end; +handle_own_alert(Alert, Version, StateName, State) -> + ssl_connection:handle_own_alert(Alert, Version, StateName, State). + + +ignore_alert(#alert{level = ?FATAL}, #state{protocol_specific = #{ignored_alerts := N, + max_ignored_alerts := N}} = State) -> + {false, State}; +ignore_alert(#alert{level = ?FATAL} = Alert, + #state{protocol_specific = #{ignored_alerts := N} = PS} = State) -> + case is_ignore_alert(Alert) of + true -> + {true, State#state{protocol_specific = PS#{ignored_alerts => N+1}}}; + false -> + {false, State} + end; +ignore_alert(_, State) -> + {false, State}. + +%% RFC 6347 4.1.2.7. Handling Invalid Records +%% recommends to silently ignore invalid DTLS records when +%% upd is the transport. Note we do not support compression so no need +%% include ?DECOMPRESSION_FAILURE +is_ignore_alert(#alert{description = ?BAD_RECORD_MAC}) -> + true; +is_ignore_alert(#alert{description = ?RECORD_OVERFLOW}) -> + true; +is_ignore_alert(#alert{description = ?DECODE_ERROR}) -> + true; +is_ignore_alert(#alert{description = ?DECRYPT_ERROR}) -> + true; +is_ignore_alert(#alert{description = ?ILLEGAL_PARAMETER}) -> + true; +is_ignore_alert(_) -> + false. + +log_ignore_alert(true, StateName, Alert, Role) -> + Txt = ssl_alert:alert_txt(Alert), + error_logger:format("DTLS over UDP ~p: In state ~p ignored to send ALERT ~s as DoS-attack mitigation \n", + [Role, StateName, Txt]); +log_ignore_alert(false, _, _,_) -> + ok. diff --git a/lib/ssl/src/ssl_alert.erl b/lib/ssl/src/ssl_alert.erl index b923785e17..2749feb1eb 100644 --- a/lib/ssl/src/ssl_alert.erl +++ b/lib/ssl/src/ssl_alert.erl @@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ description_txt(?UNEXPECTED_MESSAGE) -> "Unexpected Message"; description_txt(?BAD_RECORD_MAC) -> "Bad Record MAC"; -description_txt(?DECRYPTION_FAILED) -> - "Decryption Failed"; +description_txt(?DECRYPTION_FAILED_RESERVED) -> + "Decryption Failed Reserved"; description_txt(?RECORD_OVERFLOW) -> "Record Overflow"; description_txt(?DECOMPRESSION_FAILURE) -> diff --git a/lib/ssl/src/ssl_alert.hrl b/lib/ssl/src/ssl_alert.hrl index 1aabb6c55a..35670edea5 100644 --- a/lib/ssl/src/ssl_alert.hrl +++ b/lib/ssl/src/ssl_alert.hrl @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ %% close_notify(0), %% unexpected_message(10), %% bad_record_mac(20), -%% decryption_failed(21), +%% decryption_failed_reserved(21), %% record_overflow(22), %% decompression_failure(30), %% handshake_failure(40), @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ -define(CLOSE_NOTIFY, 0). -define(UNEXPECTED_MESSAGE, 10). -define(BAD_RECORD_MAC, 20). --define(DECRYPTION_FAILED, 21). +-define(DECRYPTION_FAILED_RESERVED, 21). -define(RECORD_OVERFLOW, 22). -define(DECOMPRESSION_FAILURE, 30). -define(HANDSHAKE_FAILURE, 40). diff --git a/lib/ssl/test/ssl_basic_SUITE.erl b/lib/ssl/test/ssl_basic_SUITE.erl index 12d255a5bc..cb70ccc2c5 100644 --- a/lib/ssl/test/ssl_basic_SUITE.erl +++ b/lib/ssl/test/ssl_basic_SUITE.erl @@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ alerts() -> [{doc, "Test ssl_alert:alert_txt/1"}]. alerts(Config) when is_list(Config) -> Descriptions = [?CLOSE_NOTIFY, ?UNEXPECTED_MESSAGE, ?BAD_RECORD_MAC, - ?DECRYPTION_FAILED, ?RECORD_OVERFLOW, ?DECOMPRESSION_FAILURE, + ?DECRYPTION_FAILED_RESERVED, ?RECORD_OVERFLOW, ?DECOMPRESSION_FAILURE, ?HANDSHAKE_FAILURE, ?BAD_CERTIFICATE, ?UNSUPPORTED_CERTIFICATE, ?CERTIFICATE_REVOKED,?CERTIFICATE_EXPIRED, ?CERTIFICATE_UNKNOWN, ?ILLEGAL_PARAMETER, ?UNKNOWN_CA, ?ACCESS_DENIED, ?DECODE_ERROR, -- cgit v1.2.3