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HiPE SPARC ABI
==============
This document describes aspects of HiPE's runtime system
that are specific for the SPARC architecture.

Register Usage
--------------
%g6, %g7, %o6 (%sp), and %i6 (%fp) are reserved for the C runtime system.

%i0-%i2 are fixed (unallocatable).
%i0 (P) is the current process' "Process" pointer.
%i1 (NSP) is the current process' native stack pointer.
%i2 (HP) is the current process' heap pointer.

%g1-%g5, %o0-%o5, %o7 (RA), %l0-%l7, %i3-%i5, and %i7 are caller-save.
They are used as temporary scratch registers and for function call
parameters and results.

The runtime system uses temporaries in specific contexts:
%i5 (TEMP_ARG1) is used to pass the callee arity in native-to-BEAM traps.
%i4 (TEMP_ARG0) is used to preserve the return value in nbif_stack_trap_ra,
preserve RA in hipe_sparc_inc_stack (the caller saved its RA in
TEMP_RA), to pass the callee address in native-to-BEAM traps,
and to contain the target in BEAM-to-native calls.
%i3 (TEMP_RA) is used to preserve RA around BIF calls.
%o1 (ARG0) is used for MBUF-after-BIF checks, for storing the
arity of a BIF that throws an exception or does GC due to MBUF,
and for checking P->flags for pending timeout.
%o0 is used to inspect the type of a thrown exception, and to
return a result token from glue.S back to hipe_mode_switch().

Calling Convention
------------------
The first NR_ARG_REGS parameters (a tunable parameter between 0 and 6,
inclusive) are passed in %o1-%o5 and %o0.

%o0 is not used for parameter passing. This allows the BIF wrappers to
simply move P to %o0 without shifting the remaining parameter registers.

%o7 (RA) contains the return address during function calls.

The return value from a function is placed in %o0.

Stack Frame Layout
Stack Descriptors
-----------------
Same as AMD64/ARM/PowerPC/x86.

Standard SPARC Calling Conventions
==================================

Reg		Status		Role
---		------		----
%g0		reserved	constant 0
%g1-%g5		calleR-save	volatile
%g6-%g7		reserved	thread register? got?
%o0		calleR-save	volatile, parameter, return value
%o1-%o5		calleR-save	volatile, parameters
%o6		reserved	stack pointer, 8-byte aligned
%o7		reserved	return address
%l0-%l7		calleE-save	local variables
%i0-%i5		calleE-save	input parameters, local variables
%i6		calleE-save	frame pointer (caller's stack pointer)
%i7		calleE-save	input return address, local variable

The stack grows from high to low addresses.
Excess parameters are stored on the stack, at %sp+92 and up.

See also:
http://soldc.sun.com/articles/sparcv9abi.html
http://www.users.qwest.net/~eballen1/sparc.tech.links.html
http://compilers.iecc.com/comparch/article/93-12-073