19992013 Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved. The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the License. crypto
crypto Crypto Functions

This module provides a set of cryptographic functions.

Hash functions - The MD4 Message Digest Algorithm (RFC 1320), The MD5 Message Digest Algorithm (RFC 1321) and Secure Hash Standard

Hmac functions - Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (RFC 2104)

Block ciphers - DES and AES and and Block Cipher Modes - ECB, CBC, CFB, OFB and CTR

RSA encryption RFC 1321

Digital signatures Digital Signature Standard (DSS) and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)

Secure Remote Password Protocol (SRP - RFC 2945)

DATA TYPES

byte() = 0 ... 255

ioelem() = byte() | binary() | iolist()

iolist() = [ioelem()]

key_value() = integer() | binary()

rsa_public() = [key_value()] = [E, N]

Where E is the public exponent and N is public modulus.

rsa_private() = [key_value()] = [E, N, D] | [E, N, D, P1, P2, E1, E2, C]

Where E is the public exponent, N is public modulus and D is the private exponent.The longer key format contains redundant information that will make the calculation faster. P1,P2 are first and second prime factors. E1,E2 are first and second exponents. C is the CRT coefficient. Terminology is taken from RFC 3447.

dss_public() = [key_value()] = [P, Q, G, Y]

Where P, Q and G are the dss parameters and Y is the public key.

dss_private() = [key_value()] = [P, Q, G, X]

Where P, Q and G are the dss parameters and X is the private key.

dss_public() = [key_value()] =[P, Q, G, Y]

srp_public() = key_value()

Where is A or B from SRP design

srp_private() = key_value()

Where is a or b from SRP design

srp_params() = {user, [Generator::binary(), Prime::binary(), Version::atom()]} | {host, [Verifier::binary(), Generator::binary(), Prime::binary(), Version::atom()]} | {user, [DerivedKey::binary(), Prime::binary(), Generator::binary(), Version::atom() | [Scrambler:binary()]]} | {host,[Verifier::binary(), Prime::binary(), Version::atom() | [Scrambler::binary]]}

Where Verifier is v, Generator is g and Prime is N, DerivedKey is X, and Scrambler is u (optional will be genrated if not provided) from SRP design Version = '3' | '6' | '6a'

dh_public() = key_value()

dh_private() = key_value()

dh_params() = [key_value()] = [P, G]

ecdh_public() = key_value()

ecdh_private() = key_value()

ecdh_params() = ec_named_curve() | {ec_field(), Prime :: key_value(), Point :: key_value(), Order :: integer(), CoFactor :: none | integer()}

ec_field() = {prime_field, Prime :: integer()} | {characteristic_two_field, M :: integer(), Basis :: ec_basis()}

ec_basis() = {tpbasis, K :: non_neg_integer()} | {ppbasis, K1 :: non_neg_integer(), K2 :: non_neg_integer(), K3 :: non_neg_integer()} | onbasis

ec_named_curve() -> sect571r1| sect571k1| sect409r1| sect409k1| secp521r1| secp384r1| secp224r1| secp224k1| secp192k1| secp160r2| secp128r2| secp128r1| sect233r1| sect233k1| sect193r2| sect193r1| sect131r2| sect131r1| sect283r1| sect283k1| sect163r2| secp256k1| secp160k1| secp160r1| secp112r2| secp112r1| sect113r2| sect113r1| sect239k1| sect163r1| sect163k1| secp256r1| secp192r1

algorithms() -> [atom()] Provide a list of available crypto algorithms.

Provides the available crypto algorithms in terms of a list of atoms.

 compute_key(Type, OthersPublicKey, MyPrivateKey, Params) -> SharedSecret Computes the shared secret Type = dh | ecdh | srp OthersPublicKey = dh_public() | ecdh_public() | srp_public() MyPrivate = dh_private() | ecdh_private() | srp_private() Params = dh_params() | edhc_params() | srp_params() SharedSecret = binary()

Computes the shared secret from the private key and the other party's public key.

exor(Data1, Data2) -> Result XOR data Data1, Data2 = iolist() | binary() Result = binary()

Performs bit-wise XOR (exclusive or) on the data supplied.

 generate_key(Type, Params) -> {PublicKey, PrivateKey} generate_key(Type, Params, PrivateKey) -> {PublicKey, PrivateKey} Generates a public keys of type Type Type = dh | ecdh | srp Params = dh_params() | edhc_params() | srp_params() PublicKey = dh_public() | ecdh_public() | srp_public() PrivateKey = dh_private() | ecdh_private() | srp_private()

Generates public keys of type Type.

hash(Type, Data) -> Digest Type = md4 | md5 | ripemd160 | sha | sha224 | sha256 | sha384 | sha512 Data = iodata() Digest = binary()

Computes a message digest of type Type from Data.

May throw exception notsup in case the chosen Type is not supported by the underlying OpenSSL implementation.

 hash_init(Type) -> Context Type = md4 | md5 | ripemd160 | sha | sha224 | sha256 | sha384 | sha512

Initializes the context for streaming hash operations. Type determines which digest to use. The returned context should be used as argument to hash_update.

May throw exception notsup in case the chosen Type is not supported by the underlying OpenSSL implementation.

 hash_update(Context, Data) -> NewContext Data = iodata()

Updates the digest represented by Context using the given Data. Context must have been generated using hash_init or a previous call to this function. Data can be any length. NewContext must be passed into the next call to hash_update or hash_final.

 hash_final(Context) -> Digest Digest = binary()

Finalizes the hash operation referenced by Context returned from a previous call to hash_update. The size of Digest is determined by the type of hash function used to generate it.

 hmac(Type, Key, Data) -> Mac hmac(Type, Key, Data, MacLength) -> Mac Type = md5 | sha | sha224 | sha256 | sha384 | sha512 Key = iodata() Data = iodata() MacLength = integer() Mac = binary()

Computes a HMAC of type Type from Data using Key as the authentication key.

MacLength will limit the size of the resultant Mac. hmac_init(Type, Key) -> Context Type = md5 | ripemd160 | sha | sha224 | sha256 | sha384 | sha512 Key = iolist() | binary() Context = binary()

Initializes the context for streaming HMAC operations. Type determines which hash function to use in the HMAC operation. Key is the authentication key. The key can be any length.

 hmac_update(Context, Data) -> NewContext Context = NewContext = binary() Data = iolist() | binary()

Updates the HMAC represented by Context using the given Data. Context must have been generated using an HMAC init function (such as hmac_init). Data can be any length. NewContext must be passed into the next call to hmac_update.

 hmac_final(Context) -> Mac Context = Mac = binary()

Finalizes the HMAC operation referenced by Context. The size of the resultant MAC is determined by the type of hash function used to generate it.

 hmac_final_n(Context, HashLen) -> Mac Context = Mac = binary() HashLen = non_neg_integer()

Finalizes the HMAC operation referenced by Context. HashLen must be greater than zero. Mac will be a binary with at most HashLen bytes. Note that if HashLen is greater than the actual number of bytes returned from the underlying hash, the returned hash will have fewer than HashLen bytes.

 info() -> [atom()] Provide a list of available crypto functions.

Provides the available crypto functions in terms of a list of atoms.

 info_lib() -> [{Name,VerNum,VerStr}] Provides information about the libraries used by crypto. Name = binary() VerNum = integer() VerStr = binary()

Provides the name and version of the libraries used by crypto.

Name is the name of the library. VerNum is the numeric version according to the library's own versioning scheme. VerStr contains a text variant of the version.

> info_lib().
[{<<"OpenSSL">>,9469983,<<"OpenSSL 0.9.8a 11 Oct 2005">>}]

From OTP R16 the numeric version represents the version of the OpenSSL header files (openssl/opensslv.h) used when crypto was compiled. The text variant represents the OpenSSL library used at runtime. In earlier OTP versions both numeric and text was taken from the library.

mod_exp_prime(N, P, M) -> Result Computes the function: N^P mod M N, P, M = binary() Result = binary() | error

Computes the function N^P mod M.

 rand_bytes(N) -> binary() Generate a binary of random bytes N = integer()

Generates N bytes randomly uniform 0..255, and returns the result in a binary. Uses the crypto library pseudo-random number generator.

 rand_uniform(Lo, Hi) -> N Generate a random number Lo, Hi, N = integer()

Generate a random number Uses the crypto library pseudo-random number generator. Hi must be larger than Lo.

 sign(Algorithm, DigestType, Msg, Key) -> binary() Create digital signature. Algorithm = rsa | dss | ecdsa Msg = binary() | {digest,binary()} The msg is either the binary "plain text" data to be signed or it is the hashed value of "plain text" i.e. the digest. DigestType = digest_type() Key = rsa_private_key() | dsa_private_key() | ec_private_key()

Creates a digital signature.

 start() -> ok Equivalent to application:start(crypto).

Equivalent to application:start(crypto).

 stop() -> ok Equivalent to application:stop(crypto).

Equivalent to application:stop(crypto).

 strong_rand_bytes(N) -> binary() Generate a binary of random bytes N = integer()

Generates N bytes randomly uniform 0..255, and returns the result in a binary. Uses a cryptographically secure prng seeded and periodically mixed with operating system provided entropy. By default this is the RAND_bytes method from OpenSSL.

May throw exception low_entropy in case the random generator failed due to lack of secure "randomness".

 verify(Algorithm, DigestType, Msg, Signature, Key) -> boolean() Verifies a digital signature. Algorithm = rsa | dss | ecdsa Msg = binary() | {digest,binary()} The msg is either the binary "plain text" data or it is the hashed value of "plain text" i.e. the digest. DigestType = digest_type() Signature = binary() Key = rsa_public_key() | dsa_public_key() | ec_public_key()

Verifies a digital signature

 aes_cfb_128_encrypt(Key, IVec, Text) -> Cipher Encrypt Textaccording to AES in Cipher Feedback mode Key = Text = iolist() | binary() IVec = Cipher = binary()

Encrypts Text according to AES in Cipher Feedback mode (CFB). Key is the AES key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. The lengths of Key and IVec must be 128 bits (16 bytes).

 aes_cfb_128_decrypt(Key, IVec, Cipher) -> Text Decrypt Cipheraccording to AES in Cipher Feedback mode Key = Cipher = iolist() | binary() IVec = Text = binary()

Decrypts Cipher according to AES in Cipher Feedback Mode (CFB). Key is the AES key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. Key and IVec must have the same values as those used when encrypting. The lengths of Key and IVec must be 128 bits (16 bytes).

 aes_cbc_128_encrypt(Key, IVec, Text) -> Cipher Encrypt Textaccording to AES in Cipher Block Chaining mode Key = Text = iolist() | binary() IVec = Cipher = binary()

Encrypts Text according to AES in Cipher Block Chaining mode (CBC). Text must be a multiple of 128 bits (16 bytes). Key is the AES key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. The lengths of Key and IVec must be 128 bits (16 bytes).

 aes_cbc_128_decrypt(Key, IVec, Cipher) -> Text Decrypt Cipheraccording to AES in Cipher Block Chaining mode Key = Cipher = iolist() | binary() IVec = Text = binary()

Decrypts Cipher according to AES in Cipher Block Chaining mode (CBC). Key is the AES key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. Key and IVec must have the same values as those used when encrypting. Cipher must be a multiple of 128 bits (16 bytes). The lengths of Key and IVec must be 128 bits (16 bytes).

 aes_cbc_ivec(Data) -> IVec Get IVec to be used in next iteration of aes_cbc_*_[ecrypt|decrypt] Data = iolist() | binary() IVec = binary()

Returns the IVec to be used in a next iteration of aes_cbc_*_[encrypt|decrypt]. Data is the encrypted data from the previous iteration step.

 aes_ctr_encrypt(Key, IVec, Text) -> Cipher Encrypt Textaccording to AES in Counter mode Key = Text = iolist() | binary() IVec = Cipher = binary()

Encrypts Text according to AES in Counter mode (CTR). Text can be any number of bytes. Key is the AES key and must be either 128, 192 or 256 bits long. IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector of 128 bits (16 bytes).

 aes_ctr_decrypt(Key, IVec, Cipher) -> Text Decrypt Cipheraccording to AES in Counter mode Key = Cipher = iolist() | binary() IVec = Text = binary()

Decrypts Cipher according to AES in Counter mode (CTR). Cipher can be any number of bytes. Key is the AES key and must be either 128, 192 or 256 bits long. IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector of 128 bits (16 bytes).

 aes_ctr_stream_init(Key, IVec) -> State State = { K, I, E, C } Key = K = iolist() IVec = I = E = binary() C = integer()

Initializes the state for use in streaming AES encryption using Counter mode (CTR). Key is the AES key and must be either 128, 192, or 256 bts long. IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector of 128 bits (16 bytes). This state is for use with aes_ctr_stream_encrypt and aes_ctr_stream_decrypt.

 aes_ctr_stream_encrypt(State, Text) -> { NewState, Cipher} Text = iolist() | binary() Cipher = binary()

Encrypts Text according to AES in Counter mode (CTR). This function can be used to encrypt a stream of text using a series of calls instead of requiring all text to be in memory. Text can be any number of bytes. State is initialized using aes_ctr_stream_init. NewState is the new streaming encryption state that must be passed to the next call to aes_ctr_stream_encrypt. Cipher is the encrypted cipher text.

 aes_ctr_stream_decrypt(State, Cipher) -> { NewState, Text } Cipher = iolist() | binary() Text = binary()

Decrypts Cipher according to AES in Counter mode (CTR). This function can be used to decrypt a stream of ciphertext using a series of calls instead of requiring all ciphertext to be in memory. Cipher can be any number of bytes. State is initialized using aes_ctr_stream_init. NewState is the new streaming encryption state that must be passed to the next call to aes_ctr_stream_encrypt. Text is the decrypted data.

 blowfish_ecb_encrypt(Key, Text) -> Cipher Encrypt the first 64 bits of Text using Blowfish in ECB mode Key = Text = iolist() | binary() Cipher = binary()

Encrypts the first 64 bits of Text using Blowfish in ECB mode. Key is the Blowfish key. The length of Text must be at least 64 bits (8 bytes).

 blowfish_ecb_decrypt(Key, Text) -> Cipher Decrypt the first 64 bits of Text using Blowfish in ECB mode Key = Text = iolist() | binary() Cipher = binary()

Decrypts the first 64 bits of Text using Blowfish in ECB mode. Key is the Blowfish key. The length of Text must be at least 64 bits (8 bytes).

 blowfish_cbc_encrypt(Key, IVec, Text) -> Cipher Encrypt Text using Blowfish in CBC mode Key = Text = iolist() | binary() IVec = Cipher = binary()

Encrypts Text using Blowfish in CBC mode. Key is the Blowfish key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. The length of IVec must be 64 bits (8 bytes). The length of Text must be a multiple of 64 bits (8 bytes).

 blowfish_cbc_decrypt(Key, IVec, Text) -> Cipher Decrypt Text using Blowfish in CBC mode Key = Text = iolist() | binary() IVec = Cipher = binary()

Decrypts Text using Blowfish in CBC mode. Key is the Blowfish key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. The length of IVec must be 64 bits (8 bytes). The length of Text must be a multiple 64 bits (8 bytes).

 blowfish_cfb64_encrypt(Key, IVec, Text) -> Cipher Encrypt Textusing Blowfish in CFB mode with 64 bit feedback Key = Text = iolist() | binary() IVec = Cipher = binary()

Encrypts Text using Blowfish in CFB mode with 64 bit feedback. Key is the Blowfish key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. The length of IVec must be 64 bits (8 bytes).

 blowfish_cfb64_decrypt(Key, IVec, Text) -> Cipher Decrypt Textusing Blowfish in CFB mode with 64 bit feedback Key = Text = iolist() | binary() IVec = Cipher = binary()

Decrypts Text using Blowfish in CFB mode with 64 bit feedback. Key is the Blowfish key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. The length of IVec must be 64 bits (8 bytes).

 blowfish_ofb64_encrypt(Key, IVec, Text) -> Cipher Encrypt Textusing Blowfish in OFB mode with 64 bit feedback Key = Text = iolist() | binary() IVec = Cipher = binary()

Encrypts Text using Blowfish in OFB mode with 64 bit feedback. Key is the Blowfish key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. The length of IVec must be 64 bits (8 bytes).

 des_cbc_encrypt(Key, IVec, Text) -> Cipher Encrypt Textaccording to DES in CBC mode Key = Text = iolist() | binary() IVec = Cipher = binary()

Encrypts Text according to DES in CBC mode. Text must be a multiple of 64 bits (8 bytes). Key is the DES key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. The lengths of Key and IVec must be 64 bits (8 bytes).

 des_cbc_decrypt(Key, IVec, Cipher) -> Text Decrypt Cipheraccording to DES in CBC mode Key = Cipher = iolist() | binary() IVec = Text = binary()

Decrypts Cipher according to DES in CBC mode. Key is the DES key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. Key and IVec must have the same values as those used when encrypting. Cipher must be a multiple of 64 bits (8 bytes). The lengths of Key and IVec must be 64 bits (8 bytes).

 des_cbc_ivec(Data) -> IVec Get IVec to be used in next iteration of des_cbc_[ecrypt|decrypt] Data = iolist() | binary() IVec = binary()

Returns the IVec to be used in a next iteration of des_cbc_[encrypt|decrypt]. Data is the encrypted data from the previous iteration step.

 des_cfb_encrypt(Key, IVec, Text) -> Cipher Encrypt Textaccording to DES in CFB mode Key = Text = iolist() | binary() IVec = Cipher = binary()

Encrypts Text according to DES in 8-bit CFB mode. Key is the DES key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. The lengths of Key and IVec must be 64 bits (8 bytes).

 des_cfb_decrypt(Key, IVec, Cipher) -> Text Decrypt Cipheraccording to DES in CFB mode Key = Cipher = iolist() | binary() IVec = Text = binary()

Decrypts Cipher according to DES in 8-bit CFB mode. Key is the DES key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. Key and IVec must have the same values as those used when encrypting. The lengths of Key and IVec must be 64 bits (8 bytes).

 des_cfb_ivec(IVec, Data) -> NextIVec Get IVec to be used in next iteration of des_cfb_[ecrypt|decrypt] IVec = iolist() | binary() Data = iolist() | binary() NextIVec = binary()

Returns the IVec to be used in a next iteration of des_cfb_[encrypt|decrypt]. IVec is the vector used in the previous iteration step. Data is the encrypted data from the previous iteration step.

 des3_cbc_encrypt(Key1, Key2, Key3, IVec, Text) -> Cipher Encrypt Textaccording to DES3 in CBC mode Key1 =Key2 = Key3 Text = iolist() | binary() IVec = Cipher = binary()

Encrypts Text according to DES3 in CBC mode. Text must be a multiple of 64 bits (8 bytes). Key1, Key2, Key3, are the DES keys, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. The lengths of each of Key1, Key2, Key3 and IVec must be 64 bits (8 bytes).

 des3_cbc_decrypt(Key1, Key2, Key3, IVec, Cipher) -> Text Decrypt Cipheraccording to DES3 in CBC mode Key1 = Key2 = Key3 = Cipher = iolist() | binary() IVec = Text = binary()

Decrypts Cipher according to DES3 in CBC mode. Key1, Key2, Key3 are the DES key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. Key1, Key2, Key3 and IVec must and IVec must have the same values as those used when encrypting. Cipher must be a multiple of 64 bits (8 bytes). The lengths of Key1, Key2, Key3, and IVec must be 64 bits (8 bytes).

 des3_cfb_encrypt(Key1, Key2, Key3, IVec, Text) -> Cipher Encrypt Textaccording to DES3 in CFB mode Key1 =Key2 = Key3 Text = iolist() | binary() IVec = Cipher = binary()

Encrypts Text according to DES3 in 8-bit CFB mode. Key1, Key2, Key3, are the DES keys, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. The lengths of each of Key1, Key2, Key3 and IVec must be 64 bits (8 bytes).

May throw exception notsup for old OpenSSL versions (0.9.7) that does not support this encryption mode.

 des3_cfb_decrypt(Key1, Key2, Key3, IVec, Cipher) -> Text Decrypt Cipheraccording to DES3 in CFB mode Key1 = Key2 = Key3 = Cipher = iolist() | binary() IVec = Text = binary()

Decrypts Cipher according to DES3 in 8-bit CFB mode. Key1, Key2, Key3 are the DES key, and IVec is an arbitrary initializing vector. Key1, Key2, Key3 and IVec must and IVec must have the same values as those used when encrypting. The lengths of Key1, Key2, Key3, and IVec must be 64 bits (8 bytes).

May throw exception notsup for old OpenSSL versions (0.9.7) that does not support this encryption mode.

 des_ecb_encrypt(Key, Text) -> Cipher Encrypt Textaccording to DES in ECB mode Key = Text = iolist() | binary() Cipher = binary()

Encrypts Text according to DES in ECB mode. Key is the DES key. The lengths of Key and Text must be 64 bits (8 bytes).

 des_ecb_decrypt(Key, Cipher) -> Text Decrypt Cipheraccording to DES in ECB mode Key = Cipher = iolist() | binary() Text = binary()

Decrypts Cipher according to DES in ECB mode. Key is the DES key. The lengths of Key and Cipher must be 64 bits (8 bytes).

 rc2_cbc_encrypt(Key, IVec, Text) -> Cipher Encrypt Textaccording to RC2 in CBC mode Key = Text = iolist() | binary() Ivec = Cipher = binary()

Encrypts Text according to RC2 in CBC mode.

 rc2_cbc_decrypt(Key, IVec, Cipher) -> Text Decrypts Cipheraccording to RC2 in CBC mode Key = Text = iolist() | binary() Ivec = Cipher = binary()

Decrypts Cipher according to RC2 in CBC mode.

 rc4_encrypt(Key, Data) -> Result Encrypt data using RC4 Key, Data = iolist() | binary() Result = binary()

Encrypts the data with RC4 symmetric stream encryption. Since it is symmetric, the same function is used for decryption.

 rsa_public_encrypt(PlainText, PublicKey, Padding) -> ChipherText Encrypts Msg using the public Key. PlainText = binary() PublicKey = [E, N] E, N = integer() Where E is the public exponent and N is public modulus. Padding = rsa_pkcs1_padding | rsa_pkcs1_oaep_padding | rsa_no_padding ChipherText = binary()

Encrypts the PlainText (usually a session key) using the PublicKey and returns the cipher. The Padding decides what padding mode is used, rsa_pkcs1_padding is PKCS #1 v1.5 currently the most used mode and rsa_pkcs1_oaep_padding is EME-OAEP as defined in PKCS #1 v2.0 with SHA-1, MGF1 and an empty encoding parameter. This mode is recommended for all new applications. The size of the Msg must be less than byte_size(N)-11 if rsa_pkcs1_padding is used, byte_size(N)-41 if rsa_pkcs1_oaep_padding is used and byte_size(N) if rsa_no_padding is used.

rsa_private_decrypt(ChipherText, PrivateKey, Padding) -> PlainText Decrypts ChipherText using the private Key. ChipherText = binary() PrivateKey = [E, N, D] | [E, N, D, P1, P2, E1, E2, C] E, N, D = integer() Where E is the public exponent, N is public modulus and D is the private exponent. P1, P2, E1, E2, C = integer() The longer key format contains redundant information that will make the calculation faster. P1,P2 are first and second prime factors. E1,E2 are first and second exponents. C is the CRT coefficient. Terminology is taken from RFC 3447. Padding = rsa_pkcs1_padding | rsa_pkcs1_oaep_padding | rsa_no_padding PlainText = binary()

Decrypts the ChipherText (usually a session key encrypted with rsa_public_encrypt/3) using the PrivateKey and returns the message. The Padding is the padding mode that was used to encrypt the data, see rsa_public_encrypt/3.

rsa_private_encrypt(PlainText, PrivateKey, Padding) -> ChipherText Encrypts Msg using the private Key. PlainText = binary() PrivateKey = [E, N, D] | [E, N, D, P1, P2, E1, E2, C] E, N, D = integer() Where E is the public exponent, N is public modulus and D is the private exponent. P1, P2, E1, E2, C = integer() The longer key format contains redundant information that will make the calculation faster. P1,P2 are first and second prime factors. E1,E2 are first and second exponents. C is the CRT coefficient. Terminology is taken from RFC 3447. Padding = rsa_pkcs1_padding | rsa_no_padding ChipherText = binary()

Encrypts the PlainText using the PrivateKey and returns the cipher. The Padding decides what padding mode is used, rsa_pkcs1_padding is PKCS #1 v1.5 currently the most used mode. The size of the Msg must be less than byte_size(N)-11 if rsa_pkcs1_padding is used, and byte_size(N) if rsa_no_padding is used.

rsa_public_decrypt(ChipherText, PublicKey, Padding) -> PlainText Decrypts ChipherText using the public Key. ChipherText = binary() PublicKey = [E, N] E, N = integer() Where E is the public exponent and N is public modulus Padding = rsa_pkcs1_padding | rsa_no_padding PlainText = binary()

Decrypts the ChipherText (encrypted with rsa_private_encrypt/3) using the PrivateKey and returns the message. The Padding is the padding mode that was used to encrypt the data, see rsa_private_encrypt/3.

DES in CBC mode

The Data Encryption Standard (DES) defines an algorithm for encrypting and decrypting an 8 byte quantity using an 8 byte key (actually only 56 bits of the key is used).

When it comes to encrypting and decrypting blocks that are multiples of 8 bytes various modes are defined (NIST SP 800-38A). One of those modes is the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode, where the encryption of an 8 byte segment depend not only of the contents of the segment itself, but also on the result of encrypting the previous segment: the encryption of the previous segment becomes the initializing vector of the encryption of the current segment.

Thus the encryption of every segment depends on the encryption key (which is secret) and the encryption of the previous segment, except the first segment which has to be provided with an initial initializing vector. That vector could be chosen at random, or be a counter of some kind. It does not have to be secret.

The following example is drawn from the old FIPS 81 standard (replaced by NIST SP 800-38A), where both the plain text and the resulting cipher text is settled. The following code fragment returns `true'. 

>,
      IVec = <<16#12,16#34,16#56,16#78,16#90,16#ab,16#cd,16#ef>>,
      P = "Now is the time for all ",
      C = crypto:des_cbc_encrypt(Key, IVec, P),
         % Which is the same as 
      P1 = "Now is t", P2 = "he time ", P3 = "for all ",
      C1 = crypto:des_cbc_encrypt(Key, IVec, P1),
      C2 = crypto:des_cbc_encrypt(Key, C1, P2),
      C3 = crypto:des_cbc_encrypt(Key, C2, P3),

      C = <>,
      C = <<16#e5,16#c7,16#cd,16#de,16#87,16#2b,16#f2,16#7c,
             16#43,16#e9,16#34,16#00,16#8c,16#38,16#9c,16#0f,
             16#68,16#37,16#88,16#49,16#9a,16#7c,16#05,16#f6>>,
      <<"Now is the time for all ">> == 
                        crypto:des_cbc_decrypt(Key, IVec, C).
    ]]>

The following is true for the DES CBC mode. For all decompositions P1 ++ P2 = P of a plain text message P (where the length of all quantities are multiples of 8 bytes), the encryption C of P is equal to C1 ++ C2, where C1 is obtained by encrypting P1 with Key and the initializing vector IVec, and where C2 is obtained by encrypting P2 with Key and the initializing vector last8(C1), where last(Binary) denotes the last 8 bytes of the binary Binary.

Similarly, for all decompositions C1 ++ C2 = C of a cipher text message C (where the length of all quantities are multiples of 8 bytes), the decryption P of C is equal to P1 ++ P2, where P1 is obtained by decrypting C1 with Key and the initializing vector IVec, and where P2 is obtained by decrypting C2 with Key and the initializing vector last8(C1), where last8(Binary) is as above.

For DES3 (which uses three 64 bit keys) the situation is the same.