%% -*- erlang-indent-level: 2 -*- %% %% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); %% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. %% You may obtain a copy of the License at %% %% http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 %% %% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software %% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, %% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. %% See the License for the specific language governing permissions and %% limitations under the License. %% %% @doc This is the HiPE compiler's main "loop". %% %%

Purpose

%% %%

This module provides code which compiles a single Erlang %% function, represented as linear ICode all the way down to a linear %% native code representation (which depends on the 'hipe_target_arch' %% global variable).

%% %% @end %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%===================================================================== -module(hipe_main). -export([compile_icode/4]). %%===================================================================== -ifndef(DEBUG). -define(DEBUG,1). -endif. -define(HIPE_INSTRUMENT_COMPILER, true). %% Turn on instrumentation. -include("hipe.hrl"). -include("../icode/hipe_icode.hrl"). %%-include("../rtl/hipe_rtl.hrl"). %%===================================================================== -type comp_icode_ret() :: {'native',hipe_architecture(),{'unprofiled',_}} | {'rtl',tuple()} | {'llvm_binary',term()}. %%===================================================================== %% @spec compile_icode(MFA::mfa(), %% LinearIcode::icode(), %% CompilerOptions::comp_options(), %% CompServers::#comp_servers()) -> %% {native,Platform,{unprofiled,NativeCode}} | {rtl,RTLCode} %% %% @doc Compiles the Icode (in linear form) of a single MFA down to %% native code for the platform of the target architecture. %% CompilerOptions influence the steps of this compilation process. %% %%

In particular, the compiler option 'to_rtl' stops %% compilation after translation to RTL (in which case RTL code is %% generated). The compiler options must have already been expanded %% (cf. `hipe:expand_options').

-spec compile_icode(mfa(), icode(), comp_options(), #comp_servers{}) -> comp_icode_ret(). compile_icode(MFA, LinearIcode, Options, Servers) -> compile_icode(MFA, LinearIcode, Options, Servers, get(hipe_debug)). %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- %% %% The following constraints apply to the passes on Icode: %% %% 1. The no_comment pass must be done on linear form; %% %% 2. linear_to_cfg, which turns linear form into a CFG, must be %% performed before any of the passes on CFG form; %% %% 3. handle_exceptions must be performed before icode_ssa; %% %% 4. split_arith should be performed after icode_ssa for %% effectiveness reasons (and perhaps to work at all); %% %% 5. remove_trivial_bbs should be performed last to tidy up the CFG. %% %%--------------------------------------------------------------------- compile_icode(MFA, LinearIcode0, Options, Servers, DebugState) -> %% Set up gensym with the right ranges for this function. {LMin,LMax} = hipe_icode:icode_label_range(LinearIcode0), hipe_gensym:set_label_range(icode, LMin, LMax+1), {VMin,VMax} = hipe_icode:icode_var_range(LinearIcode0), hipe_gensym:set_var_range(icode, VMin, VMax+1), %%hipe_icode_pp:pp(LinearIcode0), ?opt_start_timer("Icode"), LinearIcode1 = icode_no_comment(LinearIcode0, Options), IcodeCfg0 = icode_linear_to_cfg(LinearIcode1, Options), %% hipe_icode_cfg:pp(IcodeCfg0), IcodeCfg1 = icode_handle_exceptions(IcodeCfg0, MFA, Options), IcodeCfg3 = icode_inline_bifs(IcodeCfg1, Options), pp(IcodeCfg3, MFA, icode, pp_icode, Options, Servers), IcodeCfg4 = icode_ssa(IcodeCfg3, MFA, Options, Servers), IcodeCfg5 = icode_split_arith(IcodeCfg4, MFA, Options), pp(IcodeCfg5, MFA, icode, pp_icode_split_arith, Options, Servers), IcodeCfg6 = icode_heap_test(IcodeCfg5, Options), IcodeCfg7 = icode_remove_trivial_bbs(IcodeCfg6, Options), pp(IcodeCfg7, MFA, icode, pp_opt_icode, Options, Servers), pp(IcodeCfg7, MFA, icode_liveness, pp_icode_liveness, Options, Servers), FinalIcode = hipe_icode_cfg:cfg_to_linear(IcodeCfg7), ?opt_stop_timer("Icode"), {LinearRTL, Roots} = ?option_time(icode_to_rtl(MFA, FinalIcode, Options, Servers), "RTL", Options), case proplists:get_bool(to_rtl, Options) of false -> case proplists:get_bool(to_llvm, Options) of false -> rtl_to_native(MFA, LinearRTL, Options, DebugState); true -> %% The LLVM backend returns binary code, unlike the rest of the HiPE %% backends which return native assembly. rtl_to_llvm_to_binary(MFA, LinearRTL, Roots, Options, DebugState) end; true -> put(hipe_debug, DebugState), {rtl, LinearRTL} end. %%---------------------------------------------------------------- %% %% Icode passes %% %%---------------------------------------------------------------- icode_no_comment(LinearIcode, Options) -> case proplists:get_bool(remove_comments, Options) of true -> ?option_time(hipe_icode:strip_comments(LinearIcode), "Icode remove comments", Options); _ -> LinearIcode end. icode_linear_to_cfg(LinearIcode, Options) -> ?option_time(hipe_icode_cfg:linear_to_cfg(LinearIcode), "transform linear Icode to CFG", Options). icode_ssa_binary_pass(IcodeSSA, Options) -> case proplists:get_bool(binary_opt, Options) of true -> ?option_time(hipe_icode_bincomp:cfg(IcodeSSA), "Icode binary pass", Options); false -> IcodeSSA end. icode_handle_exceptions(IcodeCfg, MFA, Options) -> debug("Icode fix catches: ~w~n", [MFA], Options), ?option_time(hipe_icode_exceptions:fix_catches(IcodeCfg), "Icode fix catches", Options). icode_inline_bifs(IcodeCfg, Options) -> case proplists:get_bool(icode_inline_bifs, Options) of true -> ?option_time(hipe_icode_inline_bifs:cfg(IcodeCfg), "Icode inline bifs", Options); false -> IcodeCfg end. %%--------------------------------------------------------------------- icode_split_arith(IcodeCfg, MFA, Options) -> case proplists:get_bool(split_arith, Options) orelse proplists:get_bool(split_arith_unsafe, Options) of true -> ?option_time(hipe_icode_split_arith:cfg(IcodeCfg, MFA, Options), "Icode split arith", Options); false -> IcodeCfg end. icode_heap_test(IcodeCfg, Options) -> ?option_time(hipe_icode_heap_test:cfg(IcodeCfg), "Icode heap_test", Options). icode_remove_trivial_bbs(IcodeCfg, Options) -> ?option_time(hipe_icode_cfg:remove_trivial_bbs(IcodeCfg), "Icode trivial BB removal", Options). pp(Cfg, MFA, Level, PrintOption, Options, Servers) -> perform_io(pp_fun(Cfg, MFA, get_pp_module(Level), proplists:get_value(PrintOption, Options)), Servers#comp_servers.pp_server). pp_fun(Cfg, MFA, PP, PrintOptionValue) -> case PrintOptionValue of true -> fun() -> PP:pp(Cfg) end; {only, Lst} when is_list(Lst) -> case lists:member(MFA, Lst) of true -> fun() -> PP:pp(Cfg) end; false -> no_fun end; {only, MFA} -> fun() -> PP:pp(Cfg) end; {file, FileName} -> fun() -> {ok, File} = file:open(FileName, [write,append]), PP:pp(File, Cfg), file:close(File) end; _ -> no_fun end. get_pp_module(icode) -> hipe_icode_cfg; get_pp_module(rtl) -> hipe_rtl_cfg; get_pp_module(rtl_linear) -> hipe_rtl; get_pp_module(icode_liveness) -> hipe_icode_liveness; get_pp_module(rtl_liveness) -> hipe_rtl_liveness. perform_io(no_fun, _) -> ok; perform_io(Fun, PPServer) when is_pid(PPServer) -> PPServer ! {print, Fun}, ok; perform_io(Fun, none) -> Fun(), ok. %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- %% %% Icode passes on SSA form. The following constraints are applicable: %% %% 1. ssa_convert must be first and ssa_unconvert last %% %% 2. ssa_dead_code must be run after the other passes %% %% 3. The present order was chosen to maximize effectiveness as %% ssa_const_prop might make ssa_type_info more effective %% %% 4. ssa_check could be put in between all passes to make sure that %% they preserve SSA-ness %% %%--------------------------------------------------------------------- icode_ssa(IcodeCfg0, MFA, Options, Servers) -> ?opt_start_timer("Icode SSA passes"), IcodeSSA0 = icode_ssa_convert(IcodeCfg0, Options), pp(IcodeSSA0, MFA, icode, pp_icode_ssa, Options, Servers), IcodeSSA1 = icode_ssa_const_prop(IcodeSSA0, Options), IcodeSSA2 = icode_ssa_dead_code_elimination(IcodeSSA1, Options), IcodeSSA3 = icode_ssa_copy_prop(IcodeSSA2, Options), IcodeSSA3a = icode_ssa_binary_pass(IcodeSSA3, Options), IcodeSSA4 = icode_ssa_type(IcodeSSA3a, MFA, Options, Servers), IcodeSSA5 = icode_ssa_dead_code_elimination(IcodeSSA4, Options), IcodeSSA6 = icode_ssa_struct_reuse(IcodeSSA5, Options), icode_ssa_check(IcodeSSA6, Options), %% just for sanity pp(IcodeSSA6, MFA, icode, pp_icode_ssa, Options, Servers), IcodeCfg = icode_ssa_unconvert(IcodeSSA6, Options), ?opt_stop_timer("Icode SSA passes"), IcodeCfg. icode_ssa_type(IcodeSSA, MFA, Options, Servers) -> case proplists:get_value(icode_type, Options) of false -> IcodeSSA; undefined -> IcodeSSA; true -> AnnIcode1 = icode_ssa_type_info(IcodeSSA, MFA, Options, Servers), pp(AnnIcode1, MFA, icode, pp_typed_icode, Options, Servers), AnnIcode2 = case proplists:get_bool(inline_fp, Options) of true -> hipe_icode_fp:cfg(AnnIcode1); false -> AnnIcode1 end, AnnIcode3 = icode_range_analysis(AnnIcode2, MFA, Options, Servers), AnnIcode4 = icode_eliminate_safe_calls(AnnIcode3, Options), pp(AnnIcode4, MFA, icode, pp_range_icode, Options, Servers), hipe_icode_type:unannotate_cfg(AnnIcode4) end. icode_ssa_convert(IcodeCfg, Options) -> ?option_time(hipe_icode_ssa:convert(IcodeCfg), "Icode SSA conversion", Options). icode_ssa_const_prop(IcodeSSA, Options) -> case proplists:get_bool(icode_ssa_const_prop, Options) of true -> Tmp = ?option_time(hipe_icode_ssa_const_prop:propagate(IcodeSSA), "Icode SSA sparse conditional constant propagation", Options), ?option_time(hipe_icode_ssa:remove_dead_code(Tmp), "Icode SSA dead code elimination pass 1", Options); false -> IcodeSSA end. icode_ssa_copy_prop(IcodeSSA, Options) -> case proplists:get_bool(icode_ssa_copy_prop, Options) of true -> ?option_time(hipe_icode_ssa_copy_prop:cfg(IcodeSSA), "Icode SSA copy propagation", Options); false -> IcodeSSA end. icode_ssa_struct_reuse(IcodeSSA, Options) -> case proplists:get_value(icode_ssa_struct_reuse, Options) of true -> ?option_time(hipe_icode_ssa_struct_reuse:struct_reuse(IcodeSSA), "Icode SSA structure reuse", Options); _ -> IcodeSSA end. icode_ssa_type_info(IcodeSSA, MFA, Options, Servers) -> ?option_time(hipe_icode_type:cfg(IcodeSSA, MFA, Options, Servers), io_lib:format("Icode SSA type info for ~p", [MFA]), Options). icode_range_analysis(IcodeSSA, MFA, Options, Servers) -> case proplists:get_bool(icode_range, Options) of true -> ?option_time(hipe_icode_range:cfg(IcodeSSA, MFA, Options, Servers), "Icode SSA integer range analysis", Options); false -> IcodeSSA end. icode_eliminate_safe_calls(IcodeSSA, Options) -> case proplists:get_bool(icode_call_elim, Options) of true -> ?option_time(hipe_icode_call_elim:cfg(IcodeSSA), "Icode SSA safe call elimination", Options); false -> IcodeSSA end. icode_ssa_dead_code_elimination(IcodeSSA, Options) -> IcodeSSA1 = ?option_time(hipe_icode_ssa:remove_dead_code(IcodeSSA), "Icode SSA dead code elimination pass 2", Options), hipe_icode_cfg:remove_unreachable_code(IcodeSSA1). icode_ssa_check(IcodeSSA, Options) -> ?when_option(icode_ssa_check, Options, ?option_time(hipe_icode_ssa:check(IcodeSSA), "Icode check for SSA-ness", Options)). icode_ssa_unconvert(IcodeSSA, Options) -> ?option_time(hipe_icode_ssa:unconvert(IcodeSSA), "Icode SSA unconversion", Options). %%===================================================================== %% %% @spec icode_to_rtl(MFA::mfa(), Icode, options()) -> Linear_RTL_code %% @end %%===================================================================== %%--------------------------------------------------------------------- %% %% The passes on RTL are as follows: %% %% 1. The translation to RTL, in particular the way exceptions are %% currently handled in RTL, introduces some unreachable code. %% Therefore, unreachable code is removed early on followed by a %% pass that removes trivial basic blocks so as to have smaller %% code to play with. %% %% 2. Code is then converted to SSA so as to perform as many %% optimizations as possible in this pass. %% Currently, the following optimizations are performed on SSA: %% - sparse conditional constant propagation (controlled by an option) %% - dead code elimination %% - detection of available exceptions %% - partial redundancy elimination (controlled by an option) %% Finally, code is converted back to non-SSA form. %% %% 3. rtl_symbolic expands some symbolic instructions. %% %% 4. rtl_lcm performs a lazy code motion on RTL. %% %%---------------------------------------------------------------------- icode_to_rtl(MFA, Icode, Options, Servers) -> debug("ICODE -> RTL: ~w, ~w~n", [MFA, hash(Icode)], Options), LinearRTL = translate_to_rtl(Icode, Options), pp(LinearRTL, MFA, rtl_linear, pp_rtl_linear, Options, Servers), RtlCfg = initialize_rtl_cfg(LinearRTL, Options), %% hipe_rtl_cfg:pp(RtlCfg), RtlCfg0 = hipe_rtl_cfg:remove_unreachable_code(RtlCfg), RtlCfg1 = hipe_rtl_cfg:remove_trivial_bbs(RtlCfg0), %% hipe_rtl_cfg:pp(RtlCfg1), RtlCfg2 = rtl_ssa(RtlCfg1, Options), RtlCfg3 = rtl_symbolic(RtlCfg2, Options), %% hipe_rtl_cfg:pp(RtlCfg3), pp(RtlCfg3, MFA, rtl_liveness, pp_rtl_liveness, Options, Servers), RtlCfg4 = rtl_lcm(RtlCfg3, Options), %% LLVM: A liveness analysis on RTL must be performed in order to find the GC %% roots and explicitly mark them (in RTL) when they go out of scope (only %% when the LLVM backend is used). {RtlCfg5, Roots} = case proplists:get_bool(to_llvm, Options) of false -> {RtlCfg4, []}; true -> hipe_llvm_liveness:analyze(RtlCfg4) end, pp(RtlCfg5, MFA, rtl, pp_rtl, Options, Servers), case proplists:get_bool(verify_gcsafe, Options) of false -> ok; true -> ok = hipe_rtl_verify_gcsafe:check(RtlCfg5) end, LinearRTL1 = hipe_rtl_cfg:linearize(RtlCfg5), LinearRTL2 = hipe_rtl_cleanup_const:cleanup(LinearRTL1), %% hipe_rtl:pp(standard_io, LinearRTL2), {LinearRTL2, Roots}. translate_to_rtl(Icode, Options) -> %% GC tests should have been added in the conversion to Icode. ?option_time(hipe_icode2rtl:translate(Icode, Options), "translate", Options). initialize_rtl_cfg(LinearRTL, Options) -> ?option_time(hipe_rtl_cfg:init(LinearRTL), "to cfg", Options). rtl_symbolic(RtlCfg, Options) -> ?option_time(hipe_rtl_symbolic:expand(RtlCfg), "Expansion of symbolic instructions", Options). %%---------------------------------------------------------------------- %% %% RTL passes on SSA form. The following constraints are applicable: %% %% 1. ssa_convert must be first and ssa_unconvert last. %% %% 2. dead_code_elimination should be performed after conditional %% constant propagation in order to cleanup dead code that might %% be created by that pass. %% %% 3. avail_expr ... (PER ADD THIS) %% %% 4. rtl_ssapre performs A-SSAPRE and has to be done after all other %% optimizations. %% %% 5. ssa_check could be put in between all passes to make sure that %% they preserve SSA-ness. %% %%---------------------------------------------------------------------- rtl_ssa(RtlCfg0, Options) -> case proplists:get_bool(rtl_ssa, Options) of true -> ?opt_start_timer("RTL SSA passes"), RtlSSA0 = rtl_ssa_convert(RtlCfg0, Options), RtlSSA1 = rtl_ssa_const_prop(RtlSSA0, Options), %% RtlSSA1a = rtl_ssa_copy_prop(RtlSSA1, Options), RtlSSA2 = rtl_ssa_dead_code_elimination(RtlSSA1, Options), RtlSSA3 = rtl_ssa_avail_expr(RtlSSA2, Options), RtlSSA4 = rtl_ssapre(RtlSSA3, Options), %% rtl_ssa_check(RtlSSA4, Options), %% just for sanity RtlCfg = rtl_ssa_unconvert(RtlSSA4, Options), case proplists:get_bool(pp_rtl_ssa, Options) of true -> io:format("%%------------- After SSA un-conversion -----------\n"), hipe_rtl_cfg:pp(RtlCfg); false -> ok end, ?opt_stop_timer("RTL SSA passes"), RtlCfg; false -> RtlCfg0 end. rtl_ssa_convert(RtlCfg, Options) -> case proplists:get_bool(pp_rtl_ssa, Options) of true -> io:format("%%------------- Before SSA conversion --------------\n"), hipe_rtl_cfg:pp(RtlCfg), io:format("%%------------- After SSA conversion --------------\n"), RtlCfgSSA = hipe_rtl_ssa:convert(RtlCfg), hipe_rtl_cfg:pp(RtlCfgSSA), io:format("%%------------- SSA check warnings below -----------\n"), hipe_rtl_ssa:check(RtlCfgSSA), RtlCfgSSA; false -> ?option_time(hipe_rtl_ssa:convert(RtlCfg), "RTL SSA conversion", Options) end. rtl_ssa_const_prop(RtlCfgSSA, Options) -> case proplists:get_bool(rtl_ssa_const_prop, Options) of true -> ?option_time(hipe_rtl_ssa_const_prop:propagate(RtlCfgSSA), "RTL SSA sparse conditional constant propagation", Options); false -> RtlCfgSSA end. rtl_ssa_dead_code_elimination(RtlCfgSSA, Options) -> ?option_time(hipe_rtl_ssa:remove_dead_code(RtlCfgSSA), "RTL SSA dead code elimination", Options). rtl_ssa_avail_expr(RtlCfgSSA, Options) -> ?option_time(hipe_rtl_ssa_avail_expr:cfg(RtlCfgSSA), "RTL SSA heap optimizations", Options). %%--------------------------------------------------------------------- rtl_ssapre(RtlCfg, Options) -> case proplists:get_bool(rtl_ssapre, Options) of true -> ?opt_start_timer("Partial Redundancy Elimination (A-SSAPRE)"), NewRtlCfg = hipe_rtl_ssapre:rtl_ssapre(RtlCfg, Options), ?opt_stop_timer("Partial Redundancy Elimination (A-SSAPRE)"), NewRtlCfg; false -> RtlCfg end. %%--------------------------------------------------------------------- rtl_ssa_unconvert(RtlCfgSSA, Options) -> ?option_time(hipe_rtl_ssa:unconvert(RtlCfgSSA), "RTL SSA un-convert", Options). %%--------------------------------------------------------------------- rtl_lcm(RtlCfg, Options) -> case proplists:get_bool(rtl_lcm, Options) of true -> ?opt_start_timer("RTL lazy code motion"), %% ?option_time(hipe_rtl_lcm:rtl_lcm(RtlCfg, Options), %% "RTL lazy code motion", Options); RtlCfg1 = hipe_rtl_lcm:rtl_lcm(RtlCfg, Options), ?opt_stop_timer("RTL lazy code motion"), RtlCfg1; false -> RtlCfg end. %%===================================================================== %% Translation to native code takes place in the corresponding back-end %%===================================================================== rtl_to_native(MFA, LinearRTL, Options, DebugState) -> ?opt_start_timer("Native code"), LinearNativeCode = case get(hipe_target_arch) of ultrasparc -> hipe_sparc_main:rtl_to_sparc(MFA, LinearRTL, Options); powerpc -> hipe_ppc_main:rtl_to_ppc(MFA, LinearRTL, Options); ppc64 -> hipe_ppc_main:rtl_to_ppc(MFA, LinearRTL, Options); arm -> hipe_arm_main:rtl_to_arm(MFA, LinearRTL, Options); x86 -> hipe_x86_main:rtl_to_x86(MFA, LinearRTL, Options); amd64 -> hipe_amd64_main:rtl_to_amd64(MFA, LinearRTL, Options) end, ?opt_stop_timer("Native code"), put(hipe_debug, DebugState), LinearNativeCode. %% Translate Linear RTL to binary code using LLVM. rtl_to_llvm_to_binary(MFA, LinearRTL, Roots, Options, DebugState) -> ?opt_start_timer("LLVM native code"), %% BinaryCode is a tuple, as defined in llvm/hipe_llvm_main module, which %% contains the binary code together with info needed by the loader, e.g. %% ConstTab, Refs, LabelMap, etc. BinaryCode = hipe_llvm_main:rtl_to_native(MFA, LinearRTL, Roots, Options), ?opt_stop_timer("LLVM native code"), put(hipe_debug, DebugState), {llvm_binary, BinaryCode}. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% Debugging stuff ... %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% debug(Text, Args, Options) -> ?when_option(debug, Options, ?msg(Text,Args)). hash(X) -> erlang:phash(X, 16#7f3f5f1).