/*
 * %CopyrightBegin%
 * 
 * Copyright Ericsson AB 2000-2010. All Rights Reserved.
 * 
 * The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
 * Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
 * Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
 * retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
 * 
 * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
 * basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
 * the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
 * under the License.
 * 
 * %CopyrightEnd%
 */
package com.ericsson.otp.erlang;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * Provides methods for registering, unregistering and looking up nodes with the
 * Erlang portmapper daemon (Epmd). For each registered node, Epmd maintains
 * information about the port on which incoming connections are accepted, as
 * well as which versions of the Erlang communication protocolt the node
 * supports.
 * 
 * <p>
 * Nodes wishing to contact other nodes must first request information from Epmd
 * before a connection can be set up, however this is done automatically by
 * {@link OtpSelf#connect(OtpPeer) OtpSelf.connect()} when necessary.
 * 
 * <p>
 * The methods {@link #publishPort(OtpLocalNode) publishPort()} and
 * {@link #unPublishPort(OtpLocalNode) unPublishPort()} will fail if an Epmd
 * process is not running on the localhost. Additionally
 * {@link #lookupPort(AbstractNode) lookupPort()} will fail if there is no Epmd
 * process running on the host where the specified node is running. See the
 * Erlang documentation for information about starting Epmd.
 * 
 * <p>
 * This class contains only static methods, there are no constructors.
 */
public class OtpEpmd {

    private static class EpmdPort {
	private static int epmdPort = 0;
	
	public static int get() {
	    if (epmdPort == 0) {
		String env;
		try {
		    env = System.getenv("ERL_EPMD_PORT");
		} 
		catch (java.lang.SecurityException e) {
		    env = null;
		}
		epmdPort = (env != null) ? Integer.parseInt(env) : 4369;
	    }
	    return epmdPort;
	}	
	public static void set(int port) {
	    epmdPort = port;
	}
    }
    // common values
    private static final byte stopReq = (byte) 115;

    private static final byte port4req = (byte) 122;
    private static final byte port4resp = (byte) 119;
    private static final byte publish4req = (byte) 120;
    private static final byte publish4resp = (byte) 121;
    private static final byte names4req = (byte) 110;

    private static int traceLevel = 0;
    private static final int traceThreshold = 4;

    static {
	// debug this connection?
	final String trace = System.getProperties().getProperty(
		"OtpConnection.trace");
	try {
	    if (trace != null) {
		traceLevel = Integer.valueOf(trace).intValue();
	    }
	} catch (final NumberFormatException e) {
	    traceLevel = 0;
	}
    }

    // only static methods: no public constructors
    // hmm, idea: singleton constructor could spawn epmd process
    private OtpEpmd() {
    }


    /**
     * Set the port number to be used to contact the epmd process.
     * Only needed when the default port is not desired and system environment
     * variable ERL_EPMD_PORT can not be read (applet).
     */
    public static void useEpmdPort(int port) {
	EpmdPort.set(port);
    }

    /**
     * Determine what port a node listens for incoming connections on.
     * 
     * @return the listen port for the specified node, or 0 if the node was not
     *         registered with Epmd.
     * 
     * @exception java.io.IOException
     *                if there was no response from the name server.
     */
    public static int lookupPort(final AbstractNode node) throws IOException {
	    return r4_lookupPort(node);
    }

    /**
     * Register with Epmd, so that other nodes are able to find and connect to
     * it.
     * 
     * @param node
     *            the server node that should be registered with Epmd.
     * 
     * @return true if the operation was successful. False if the node was
     *         already registered.
     * 
     * @exception java.io.IOException
     *                if there was no response from the name server.
     */
    public static boolean publishPort(final OtpLocalNode node)
	    throws IOException {
	Socket s = null;

	s = r4_publish(node);

	node.setEpmd(s);

	return s != null;
    }

    // Ask epmd to close his end of the connection.
    // Caller should close his epmd socket as well.
    // This method is pretty forgiving...
    /**
     * Unregister from Epmd. Other nodes wishing to connect will no longer be
     * able to.
     * 
     * <p>
     * This method does not report any failures.
     */
    public static void unPublishPort(final OtpLocalNode node) {
	Socket s = null;

	try {
	    s = new Socket((String) null, EpmdPort.get());
	    final OtpOutputStream obuf = new OtpOutputStream();
	    obuf.write2BE(node.alive().length() + 1);
	    obuf.write1(stopReq);
	    obuf.writeN(node.alive().getBytes());
	    obuf.writeTo(s.getOutputStream());
	    // don't even wait for a response (is there one?)
	    if (traceLevel >= traceThreshold) {
		System.out.println("-> UNPUBLISH " + node + " port="
			+ node.port());
		System.out.println("<- OK (assumed)");
	    }
	} catch (final Exception e) {/* ignore all failures */
	} finally {
	    try {
		if (s != null) {
		    s.close();
		}
	    } catch (final IOException e) { /* ignore close failure */
	    }
	    s = null;
	}
    }

    private static int r4_lookupPort(final AbstractNode node)
	    throws IOException {
	int port = 0;
	Socket s = null;

	try {
	    final OtpOutputStream obuf = new OtpOutputStream();
	    s = new Socket(node.host(), EpmdPort.get());

	    // build and send epmd request
	    // length[2], tag[1], alivename[n] (length = n+1)
	    obuf.write2BE(node.alive().length() + 1);
	    obuf.write1(port4req);
	    obuf.writeN(node.alive().getBytes());

	    // send request
	    obuf.writeTo(s.getOutputStream());

	    if (traceLevel >= traceThreshold) {
		System.out.println("-> LOOKUP (r4) " + node);
	    }

	    // receive and decode reply
	    // resptag[1], result[1], port[2], ntype[1], proto[1],
	    // disthigh[2], distlow[2], nlen[2], alivename[n],
	    // elen[2], edata[m]
	    final byte[] tmpbuf = new byte[100];

	    final int n = s.getInputStream().read(tmpbuf);

	    if (n < 0) {
		s.close();
		throw new IOException("Nameserver not responding on "
			+ node.host() + " when looking up " + node.alive());
	    }

	    final OtpInputStream ibuf = new OtpInputStream(tmpbuf, 0);

	    final int response = ibuf.read1();
	    if (response == port4resp) {
		final int result = ibuf.read1();
		if (result == 0) {
		    port = ibuf.read2BE();

		    node.ntype = ibuf.read1();
		    node.proto = ibuf.read1();
		    node.distHigh = ibuf.read2BE();
		    node.distLow = ibuf.read2BE();
		    // ignore rest of fields
		}
	    }
	} catch (final IOException e) {
	    if (traceLevel >= traceThreshold) {
		System.out.println("<- (no response)");
	    }
	    throw new IOException("Nameserver not responding on " + node.host()
		    + " when looking up " + node.alive());
	} catch (final OtpErlangDecodeException e) {
	    if (traceLevel >= traceThreshold) {
		System.out.println("<- (invalid response)");
	    }
	    throw new IOException("Nameserver not responding on " + node.host()
		    + " when looking up " + node.alive());
	} finally {
	    try {
		if (s != null) {
		    s.close();
		}
	    } catch (final IOException e) { /* ignore close errors */
	    }
	    s = null;
	}

	if (traceLevel >= traceThreshold) {
	    if (port == 0) {
		System.out.println("<- NOT FOUND");
	    } else {
		System.out.println("<- PORT " + port);
	    }
	}
	return port;
    }

    /*
     * this function will get an exception if it tries to talk to a
     * very old epmd, or if something else happens that it cannot
     * forsee. In both cases we return an exception. We no longer
     * support r3, so the exception is fatal. If we manage to
     * successfully communicate with an r4 epmd, we return either the
     * socket, or null, depending on the result.
     */
    private static Socket r4_publish(final OtpLocalNode node)
	    throws IOException {
	Socket s = null;

	try {
	    final OtpOutputStream obuf = new OtpOutputStream();
	    s = new Socket((String) null, EpmdPort.get());

	    obuf.write2BE(node.alive().length() + 13);

	    obuf.write1(publish4req);
	    obuf.write2BE(node.port());

	    obuf.write1(node.type());

	    obuf.write1(node.proto());
	    obuf.write2BE(node.distHigh());
	    obuf.write2BE(node.distLow());

	    obuf.write2BE(node.alive().length());
	    obuf.writeN(node.alive().getBytes());
	    obuf.write2BE(0); // No extra

	    // send request
	    obuf.writeTo(s.getOutputStream());

	    if (traceLevel >= traceThreshold) {
		System.out.println("-> PUBLISH (r4) " + node + " port="
			+ node.port());
	    }

	    // get reply
	    final byte[] tmpbuf = new byte[100];
	    final int n = s.getInputStream().read(tmpbuf);

	    if (n < 0) {
		if (s != null) {
		    s.close();
		}
		throw new IOException("Nameserver not responding on "
			+ node.host() + " when publishing " + node.alive());
	    }

	    final OtpInputStream ibuf = new OtpInputStream(tmpbuf, 0);

	    final int response = ibuf.read1();
	    if (response == publish4resp) {
		final int result = ibuf.read1();
		if (result == 0) {
		    node.creation = ibuf.read2BE();
		    if (traceLevel >= traceThreshold) {
			System.out.println("<- OK");
		    }
		    return s; // success
		}
	    }
	} catch (final IOException e) {
	    // epmd closed the connection = fail
	    if (s != null) {
		s.close();
	    }
	    if (traceLevel >= traceThreshold) {
		System.out.println("<- (no response)");
	    }
	    throw new IOException("Nameserver not responding on " + node.host()
		    + " when publishing " + node.alive());
	} catch (final OtpErlangDecodeException e) {
	    if (s != null) {
		s.close();
	    }
	    if (traceLevel >= traceThreshold) {
		System.out.println("<- (invalid response)");
	    }
	    throw new IOException("Nameserver not responding on " + node.host()
		    + " when publishing " + node.alive());
	}

	if (s != null) {
	    s.close();
	}
	return null;
    }

    public static String[] lookupNames() throws IOException {
	return lookupNames(InetAddress.getLocalHost());
    }

    public static String[] lookupNames(final InetAddress address)
	    throws IOException {
	Socket s = null;

	try {
	    final OtpOutputStream obuf = new OtpOutputStream();
	    try {
		s = new Socket(address, EpmdPort.get());

		obuf.write2BE(1);
		obuf.write1(names4req);
		// send request
		obuf.writeTo(s.getOutputStream());

		if (traceLevel >= traceThreshold) {
		    System.out.println("-> NAMES (r4) ");
		}

		// get reply
		final byte[] buffer = new byte[256];
		final ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(256);
		while (true) {
		    final int bytesRead = s.getInputStream().read(buffer);
		    if (bytesRead == -1) {
			break;
		    }
		    out.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
		}
		final byte[] tmpbuf = out.toByteArray();
		final OtpInputStream ibuf = new OtpInputStream(tmpbuf, 0);
		ibuf.read4BE(); // read port int
		// final int port = ibuf.read4BE();
		// check if port = epmdPort

		final int n = tmpbuf.length;
		final byte[] buf = new byte[n - 4];
		System.arraycopy(tmpbuf, 4, buf, 0, n - 4);
		final String all = OtpErlangString.newString(buf);
		return all.split("\n");
	    } finally {
		if (s != null) {
		    s.close();
		}
	    }

	} catch (final IOException e) {
	    if (traceLevel >= traceThreshold) {
		System.out.println("<- (no response)");
	    }
	    throw new IOException(
		    "Nameserver not responding when requesting names");
	} catch (final OtpErlangDecodeException e) {
	    if (traceLevel >= traceThreshold) {
		System.out.println("<- (invalid response)");
	    }
	    throw new IOException(
		    "Nameserver not responding when requesting names");
	}
    }

}