2008 2016 Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Ericsson AB. public_key Ingela Anderton Andin
public_key API module for public-key infrastructure.

Provides functions to handle public-key infrastructure, for details see public_key(6).

DATA TYPES

All records used in this Reference Manual are generated from ASN.1 specifications and are documented in the User's Guide. See Public-key Records.

Use the following include directive to get access to the records and constant macros described here and in the User's Guide:

-include_lib("public_key/include/public_key.hrl").

The following data types are used in the functions for public_key:

oid()

Object identifier, a tuple of integers as generated by the ASN.1 compiler.

 boolean() =

true | false

 string() =

[bytes()]

 der_encoded() =

binary()

 pki_asn1_type() =

'Certificate'

| 'RSAPrivateKey'

| 'RSAPublicKey'

| 'DSAPrivateKey'

| 'DSAPublicKey'

| 'DHParameter'

| 'SubjectPublicKeyInfo'

| 'PrivateKeyInfo'

| 'CertificationRequest'

| 'CertificateList'

| 'ECPrivateKey'

| 'EcpkParameters'

 pem_entry () =

{pki_asn1_type(), binary(), %% DER or encrypted DER

not_encrypted | cipher_info()}

 cipher_info() =

{"RC2-CBC" | "DES-CBC" | "DES-EDE3-CBC", crypto:strong_rand_bytes(8)

| {#'PBEParameter{}, digest_type()} | #'PBES2-params'{}}

 public_key() =

rsa_public_key() | dsa_public_key() | ec_public_key()

 private_key() =

rsa_private_key() | dsa_private_key() | ec_private_key()

 rsa_public_key() =

#'RSAPublicKey'{}

 rsa_private_key() =

#'RSAPrivateKey'{}

 dsa_public_key() =

{integer(), #'Dss-Parms'{}}

 dsa_private_key() =

#'DSAPrivateKey'{}

 ec_public_key()

= {#'ECPoint'{}, #'ECParameters'{} | {namedCurve, oid()}}

 ec_private_key() =

#'ECPrivateKey'{}

 public_crypt_options() =

[{rsa_pad, rsa_padding()}]

 rsa_padding() =

'rsa_pkcs1_padding'

| 'rsa_pkcs1_oaep_padding'

| 'rsa_no_padding'

 digest_type() =

Union of rsa_digest_type(), dss_digest_type(), and ecdsa_digest_type().

 rsa_digest_type() =

'md5' | 'sha' | 'sha224' | 'sha256' | 'sha384' | 'sha512'

 dss_digest_type() =

'sha'

 ecdsa_digest_type() =

'sha'| 'sha224' | 'sha256' | 'sha384' | 'sha512'

 crl_reason() =

unspecified

| keyCompromise

| cACompromise

| affiliationChanged

| superseded

| cessationOfOperation

| certificateHold

| privilegeWithdrawn

| aACompromise

 issuer_name() =

{rdnSequence,[#'AttributeTypeAndValue'{}]}

 ssh_file() =

openssh_public_key

| rfc4716_public_key

| known_hosts

| auth_keys
compute_key(OthersKey, MyKey)-> compute_key(OthersKey, MyKey, Params)-> Computes shared secret. OthersKey = #'ECPoint'{} | binary(), MyKey = #'ECPrivateKey'{} | binary() Params = #'DHParameter'{}

Computes shared secret.

 decrypt_private(CipherText, Key) -> binary() decrypt_private(CipherText, Key, Options) -> binary() Public-key decryption. CipherText = binary() Key = rsa_private_key() Options = public_crypt_options()

Public-key decryption using the private key. See also crypto:private_decrypt/4

 decrypt_public(CipherText, Key) - > binary() decrypt_public(CipherText, Key, Options) - > binary() Public-key decryption. CipherText = binary() Key = rsa_public_key() Options = public_crypt_options()

Public-key decryption using the public key. See also crypto:public_decrypt/4

 der_decode(Asn1type, Der) -> term() Decodes a public-key ASN.1 DER encoded entity. Asn1Type = atom() ASN.1 type present in the Public Key applications ASN.1 specifications. Der = der_encoded()

Decodes a public-key ASN.1 DER encoded entity.

 der_encode(Asn1Type, Entity) -> der_encoded() Encodes a public-key entity with ASN.1 DER encoding. Asn1Type = atom() ASN.1 type present in the Public Key applications ASN.1 specifications. Entity = term() Erlang representation of Asn1Type

Encodes a public-key entity with ASN.1 DER encoding.

 dh_gex_group(MinSize, SuggestedSize, MaxSize, Groups) -> {ok, {Size,Group}} | {error,Error} Selects a group for Diffie-Hellman key exchange MinSize = positive_integer() SuggestedSize = positive_integer() MaxSize = positive_integer() Groups = undefined | [{Size,[{G,P}]}] Size = positive_integer() Group = {G,P} G = positive_integer() P = positive_integer()

Selects a group for Diffie-Hellman key exchange with the key size in the range MinSize...MaxSize and as close to SuggestedSize as possible. If Groups == undefined a default set will be used, otherwise the group is selected from Groups.

First a size, as close as possible to SuggestedSize, is selected. Then one group with that key size is randomly selected from the specified set of groups. If no size within the limits of MinSize and MaxSize is available, {error,no_group_found} is returned.

The default set of groups is listed in lib/public_key/priv/moduli. This file may be regenerated like this:

	$> cd $ERL_TOP/lib/public_key/priv/
	$> generate
         ---- wait until all background jobs has finished. It may take several days !
	$> cat moduli-* > moduli
	$> cd ..; make
encrypt_private(PlainText, Key) -> binary() Public-key encryption using the private key. PlainText = binary() Key = rsa_private_key()

Public-key encryption using the private key. See also crypto:private_encrypt/4.

 encrypt_public(PlainText, Key) -> binary() Public-key encryption using the public key. PlainText = binary() Key = rsa_public_key()

Public-key encryption using the public key. See also crypto:public_encrypt/4.

 generate_key(Params) -> {Public::binary(), Private::binary()} | #'ECPrivateKey'{} | {#'RSAPublicKey'{}, #'RSAPrivateKey'{}} Generates a new keypair. Params = #'DHParameter'{} | {namedCurve, oid()} | #'ECParameters'{} | {rsa, Size::integer(), PubExp::integer}

Generates a new keypair. See also crypto:generate_key/2

pem_decode(PemBin) -> [pem_entry()] Decodes PEM binary data and returns entries as ASN.1 DER encoded entities. PemBin = binary() Example {ok, PemBin} = file:read_file("cert.pem").

Decodes PEM binary data and returns entries as ASN.1 DER encoded entities.

 pem_encode(PemEntries) -> binary() Creates a PEM binary. PemEntries = [pem_entry()]

Creates a PEM binary.

 pem_entry_decode(PemEntry) -> term() pem_entry_decode(PemEntry, Password) -> term() Decodes a PEM entry. PemEntry = pem_entry() Password = string()

Decodes a PEM entry. pem_decode/1 returns a list of PEM entries. Notice that if the PEM entry is of type 'SubjectPublickeyInfo', it is further decoded to an rsa_public_key() or dsa_public_key().

 pem_entry_encode(Asn1Type, Entity) -> pem_entry() pem_entry_encode(Asn1Type, Entity, {CipherInfo, Password}) -> pem_entry() Creates a PEM entry that can be fed to pem_encode/1. Asn1Type = pki_asn1_type() Entity = term() Erlang representation of Asn1Type. If Asn1Type is 'SubjectPublicKeyInfo', Entity must be either an rsa_public_key(), dsa_public_key() or an ec_public_key() and this function creates the appropriate 'SubjectPublicKeyInfo' entry. CipherInfo = cipher_info() Password = string()

Creates a PEM entry that can be feed to pem_encode/1.

 pkix_decode_cert(Cert, otp|plain) -> #'Certificate'{} | #'OTPCertificate'{} Decodes an ASN.1 DER-encoded PKIX x509 certificate. Cert = der_encoded()

Decodes an ASN.1 DER-encoded PKIX certificate. Option otp uses the customized ASN.1 specification OTP-PKIX.asn1 for decoding and also recursively decode most of the standard parts.

 pkix_encode(Asn1Type, Entity, otp | plain) -> der_encoded() DER encodes a PKIX x509 certificate or part of such a certificate. Asn1Type = atom() The ASN.1 type can be 'Certificate', 'OTPCertificate' or a subtype of either. Entity = #'Certificate'{} | #'OTPCertificate'{} | a valid subtype

DER encodes a PKIX x509 certificate or part of such a certificate. This function must be used for encoding certificates or parts of certificates that are decoded/created in the otp format, whereas for the plain format this function directly calls der_encode/2.

 pkix_is_issuer(Cert, IssuerCert) -> boolean() Checks if IssuerCert issued Cert. Cert = der_encoded() | #'OTPCertificate'{} | #'CertificateList'{} IssuerCert = der_encoded() | #'OTPCertificate'{}

Checks if IssuerCert issued Cert.

 pkix_is_fixed_dh_cert(Cert) -> boolean() Checks if a certificate is a fixed Diffie-Hellman certificate. Cert = der_encoded() | #'OTPCertificate'{}

Checks if a certificate is a fixed Diffie-Hellman certificate.

 pkix_is_self_signed(Cert) -> boolean() Checks if a certificate is self-signed. Cert = der_encoded() | #'OTPCertificate'{}

Checks if a certificate is self-signed.

 pkix_issuer_id(Cert, IssuedBy) -> {ok, IssuerID} | {error, Reason} Returns the issuer id. Cert = der_encoded() | #'OTPCertificate'{} IssuedBy = self | other IssuerID = {integer(), issuer_name()} The issuer id consists of the serial number and the issuers name. Reason = term()

Returns the issuer id.

 pkix_normalize_name(Issuer) -> Normalized Normalizes an issuer name so that it can be easily compared to another issuer name. Issuer = issuer_name() Normalized = issuer_name()

Normalizes an issuer name so that it can be easily compared to another issuer name.

 pkix_path_validation(TrustedCert, CertChain, Options) -> {ok, {PublicKeyInfo, PolicyTree}} | {error, {bad_cert, Reason}} Performs a basic path validation according to RFC 5280. TrustedCert = #'OTPCertificate'{} | der_encoded() | atom() Normally a trusted certificate, but it can also be a path-validation error that can be discovered while constructing the input to this function and that is to be run through the verify_fun. Examples are unknown_ca and selfsigned_peer. CertChain = [der_encoded()] A list of DER-encoded certificates in trust order ending with the peer certificate. Options = proplists:proplist() PublicKeyInfo = {?'rsaEncryption' | ?'id-dsa', rsa_public_key() | integer(), 'NULL' | 'Dss-Parms'{}} PolicyTree = term() At the moment this is always an empty list as policies are not currently supported. Reason = cert_expired | invalid_issuer | invalid_signature | name_not_permitted | missing_basic_constraint | invalid_key_usage | {revoked, crl_reason()} | atom()

Performs a basic path validation according to RFC 5280. However, CRL validation is done separately by pkix_crls_validate/3 and is to be called from the supplied verify_fun.

Available options:

{verify_fun, fun()}

The fun must be defined as:

fun(OtpCert :: #'OTPCertificate'{}, Event :: {bad_cert, Reason :: atom() | {revoked, atom()}} | {extension, #'Extension'{}}, InitialUserState :: term()) -> {valid, UserState :: term()} | {valid_peer, UserState :: term()} | {fail, Reason :: term()} | {unknown, UserState :: term()}.

If the verify callback fun returns {fail, Reason}, the verification process is immediately stopped. If the verify callback fun returns {valid, UserState}, the verification process is continued. This can be used to accept specific path validation errors, such as selfsigned_peer, as well as verifying application-specific extensions. If called with an extension unknown to the user application, the return value {unknown, UserState} is to be used.

 {max_path_length, integer()} The max_path_length is the maximum number of non-self-issued intermediate certificates that can follow the peer certificate in a valid certification path. So, if max_path_length is 0, the PEER must be signed by the trusted ROOT-CA directly, if it is 1, the path can be PEER, CA, ROOT-CA, if it is 2, the path can be PEER, CA, CA, ROOT-CA, and so on.

Possible reasons for a bad certificate:

cert_expired

Certificate is no longer valid as its expiration date has passed.

 invalid_issuer

Certificate issuer name does not match the name of the issuer certificate in the chain.

 invalid_signature

Certificate was not signed by its issuer certificate in the chain.

 name_not_permitted

Invalid Subject Alternative Name extension.

 missing_basic_constraint

Certificate, required to have the basic constraints extension, does not have a basic constraints extension.

 invalid_key_usage

Certificate key is used in an invalid way according to the key-usage extension.

 {revoked, crl_reason()}

Certificate has been revoked.

 atom()

Application-specific error reason that is to be checked by the verify_fun.

 pkix_crl_issuer(CRL) -> issuer_name() Returns the issuer of the CRL. CRL = der_encoded() | #'CertificateList'{}

Returns the issuer of the CRL.

 pkix_crls_validate(OTPCertificate, DPAndCRLs, Options) -> CRLStatus() Performs CRL validation. OTPCertificate = #'OTPCertificate'{} DPAndCRLs = [{DP::#'DistributionPoint'{}, {DerCRL::der_encoded(), CRL::#'CertificateList'{}}}] Options = proplists:proplist() CRLStatus() = valid | {bad_cert, revocation_status_undetermined} | {bad_cert, {revoked, crl_reason()}}

Performs CRL validation. It is intended to be called from the verify fun of pkix_path_validation/3 .

Available options:

{update_crl, fun()}

The fun has the following type specification:

fun(#'DistributionPoint'{}, #'CertificateList'{}) -> #'CertificateList'{}

The fun uses the information in the distribution point to access the latest possible version of the CRL. If this fun is not specified, Public Key uses the default implementation:

fun(_DP, CRL) -> CRL end {issuer_fun, fun()}

The fun has the following type specification:

fun(#'DistributionPoint'{}, #'CertificateList'{}, {rdnSequence,[#'AttributeTypeAndValue'{}]}, term()) -> {ok, #'OTPCertificate'{}, [der_encoded]}

The fun returns the root certificate and certificate chain that has signed the CRL.

fun(DP, CRL, Issuer, UserState) -> {ok, RootCert, CertChain} pkix_crl_verify(CRL, Cert) -> boolean() Verify that Cert is the CRL signer. CRL = der_encoded() | #'CertificateList'{} Cert = der_encoded() | #'OTPCertificate'{}

Verify that Cert is the CRL signer.

 pkix_dist_point(Cert) -> DistPoint Creates a distribution point for CRLs issued by the same issuer as Cert. Cert = der_encoded() | #'OTPCertificate'{} DistPoint = #'DistributionPoint'{}

Creates a distribution point for CRLs issued by the same issuer as Cert. Can be used as input to pkix_crls_validate/3

pkix_dist_points(Cert) -> DistPoints Extracts distribution points from the certificates extensions. Cert = der_encoded() | #'OTPCertificate'{} DistPoints = [#'DistributionPoint'{}]

Extracts distribution points from the certificates extensions.

 pkix_match_dist_point(CRL, DistPoint) -> boolean() Checks whether the given distribution point matches the Issuing Distribution Point of the CRL. CRL = der_encoded() | #'CertificateList'{} DistPoint = #'DistributionPoint'{}

Checks whether the given distribution point matches the Issuing Distribution Point of the CRL, as described in RFC 5280. If the CRL doesn't have an Issuing Distribution Point extension, the distribution point always matches.

 pkix_sign(#'OTPTBSCertificate'{}, Key) -> der_encoded() Signs certificate. Key = rsa_private_key() | dsa_private_key()

Signs an 'OTPTBSCertificate'. Returns the corresponding DER-encoded certificate.

 pkix_sign_types(AlgorithmId) -> {DigestType, SignatureType} Translates signature algorithm OID to Erlang digest and signature algorithm types. AlgorithmId = oid() Signature OID from a certificate or a certificate revocation list. DigestType = rsa_digest_type() | dss_digest_type() SignatureType = rsa | dsa | ecdsa

Translates signature algorithm OID to Erlang digest and signature types.

pkix_verify(Cert, Key) -> boolean() Verifies PKIX x.509 certificate signature. Cert = der_encoded() Key = rsa_public_key() | dsa_public_key() | ec_public_key()

Verifies PKIX x.509 certificate signature.

 pkix_verify_hostname(Cert, ReferenceIDs) -> boolean() pkix_verify_hostname(Cert, ReferenceIDs, Opts) -> boolean() Verifies that a PKIX x.509 certificate presented identifier (e.g hostname) is an expected one. Cert = der_encoded() | #'OTPCertificate'{} ReferenceIDs = [ RefID ] RefID = {IdType,string()} IdType = dns_id | srv_id | uri_id Opts = [ PvhOpt() ] PvhOpt = [MatchOpt | FailCallBackOpt | FqdnExtractOpt] MatchOpt = {fun(RefId | FQDN::string(), PresentedID) -> boolean() | default} PresentedID = {dNSName,string()} | {uniformResourceIdentifier,string()} FailCallBackOpt = {fail_callback, fun(#'OTPCertificate'{}) -> boolean()} FqdnExtractOpt = {fqdn_fun, fun(RefID) -> FQDN::string() | default | undefined}

This function checks that the Presented Identifier (e.g hostname) in a peer certificate conforms with the Expected Identifier that the client wants to connect to. This functions is intended to be added as an extra client check to the peer certificate when performing public_key:pkix_path_validation/3

See RFC 6125 for detailed information about hostname verification. The User's Manual and code examples describes this function more detailed.

sign(Msg, DigestType, Key) -> binary() Creates a digital signature. Msg = binary() | {digest,binary()} The Msg is either the binary "plain text" data to be signed or it is the hashed value of "plain text", that is, the digest. DigestType = rsa_digest_type() | dss_digest_type() | ecdsa_digest_type() Key = rsa_private_key() | dsa_private_key() | ec_private_key()

Creates a digital signature.

 ssh_decode(SshBin, Type) -> [{public_key(), Attributes::list()}] Decodes an SSH file-binary. SshBin = binary() Example {ok, SshBin} = file:read_file("known_hosts"). Type = public_key | ssh_file() If Type is public_key the binary can be either an RFC4716 public key or an OpenSSH public key.

Decodes an SSH file-binary. In the case of known_hosts or auth_keys, the binary can include one or more lines of the file. Returns a list of public keys and their attributes, possible attribute values depends on the file type represented by the binary.

RFC4716 attributes - see RFC 4716.

{headers, [{string(), utf8_string()}]}

 auth_key attributes - see manual page for sshd. {comment, string()} {options, [string()]}

{bits, integer()} - In SSH version 1 files.

 known_host attributes - see manual page for sshd. {hostnames, [string()]} {comment, string()}

{bits, integer()} - In SSH version 1 files.

 ssh_encode([{Key, Attributes}], Type) -> binary() Encodes a list of SSH file entries to a binary. Key = public_key() Attributes = list() Type = ssh_file()

Encodes a list of SSH file entries (public keys and attributes) to a binary. Possible attributes depend on the file type, see ssh_decode/2 .

 ssh_hostkey_fingerprint(HostKey) -> string() ssh_hostkey_fingerprint(DigestType, HostKey) -> string() ssh_hostkey_fingerprint([DigestType], HostKey) -> [string()] Calculates a ssh fingerprint for a hostkey. Key = public_key() DigestType = digest_type()

Calculates a ssh fingerprint from a public host key as openssh does.

The algorithm in ssh_hostkey_fingerprint/1 is md5 to be compatible with older ssh-keygen commands. The string from the second variant is prepended by the algorithm name in uppercase as in newer ssh-keygen commands.

Examples:

2> public_key:ssh_hostkey_fingerprint(Key). "f5:64:a6:c1:5a:cb:9f:0a:10:46:a2:5c:3e:2f:57:84" 3> public_key:ssh_hostkey_fingerprint(md5,Key). "MD5:f5:64:a6:c1:5a:cb:9f:0a:10:46:a2:5c:3e:2f:57:84" 4> public_key:ssh_hostkey_fingerprint(sha,Key). "SHA1:bSLY/C4QXLDL/Iwmhyg0PGW9UbY" 5> public_key:ssh_hostkey_fingerprint(sha256,Key). "SHA256:aZGXhabfbf4oxglxltItWeHU7ub3Dc31NcNw2cMJePQ" 6> public_key:ssh_hostkey_fingerprint([sha,sha256],Key). ["SHA1:bSLY/C4QXLDL/Iwmhyg0PGW9UbY", "SHA256:aZGXhabfbf4oxglxltItWeHU7ub3Dc31NcNw2cMJePQ"] verify(Msg, DigestType, Signature, Key) -> boolean() Verifies a digital signature. Msg = binary() | {digest,binary()} The Msg is either the binary "plain text" data or it is the hashed value of "plain text", that is, the digest. DigestType = rsa_digest_type() | dss_digest_type() | ecdsa_digest_type() Signature = binary() Key = rsa_public_key() | dsa_public_key() | ec_public_key()

Verifies a digital signature.

 short_name_hash(Name) -> string() Generates a short hash of an issuer name. Name = issuer_name()

Generates a short hash of an issuer name. The hash is returned as a string containing eight hexadecimal digits.

The return value of this function is the same as the result of the commands openssl crl -hash and openssl x509 -issuer_hash, when passed the issuer name of a CRL or a certificate, respectively. This hash is used by the c_rehash tool to maintain a directory of symlinks to CRL files, in order to facilitate looking up a CRL by its issuer name.