19972009 Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved. The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the License. filename Kenneth Lundin 1 97-11-13 B
filename Filename Manipulation Functions

The module filename provides a number of useful functions for analyzing and manipulating file names. These functions are designed so that the Erlang code can work on many different platforms with different formats for file names. With file name is meant all strings that can be used to denote a file. They can be short relative names like foo.erl, very long absolute name which include a drive designator and directory names like D:\usr/local\bin\erl/lib\tools\foo.erl, or any variations in between.

In Windows, all functions return file names with forward slashes only, even if the arguments contain back slashes. Use join/1 to normalize a file name by removing redundant directory separators.
DATA TYPES name() = string() | atom() | DeepList DeepList = [char() | atom() | DeepList]
absname(Filename) -> string() Convert a filename to an absolute name, relative the working directory Filename = name()

Converts a relative Filename and returns an absolute name. No attempt is made to create the shortest absolute name, because this can give incorrect results on file systems which allow links.

Unix examples:

1> pwd().
"/usr/local"
2> filename:absname("foo").
"/usr/local/foo"
3> filename:absname("../x").
"/usr/local/../x"
4> filename:absname("/").
"/"

Windows examples:

1> pwd().
"D:/usr/local"
2> filename:absname("foo").
"D:/usr/local/foo"
3> filename:absname("../x").
"D:/usr/local/../x"
4> filename:absname("/").
"D:/"
 absname(Filename, Dir) -> string() Convert a filename to an absolute name, relative a specified directory Filename = name() Dir = string()

This function works like absname/1, except that the directory to which the file name should be made relative is given explicitly in the Dir argument.

 absname_join(Dir, Filename) -> string() Join an absolute directory with a relative filename Dir = string() Filename = name()

Joins an absolute directory with a relative filename. Similar to join/2, but on platforms with tight restrictions on raw filename length and no support for symbolic links (read: VxWorks), leading parent directory components in Filename are matched against trailing directory components in Dir so they can be removed from the result - minimizing its length.

 basename(Filename) -> string() Return the last component of a filename Filename = name()

Returns the last component of Filename, or Filename itself if it does not contain any directory separators.

5> filename:basename("foo").
"foo"
6> filename:basename("/usr/foo").
"foo"
7> filename:basename("/").
[]
 basename(Filename, Ext) -> string() Return the last component of a filename, stripped of the specified extension Filename = Ext = name()

Returns the last component of Filename with the extension Ext stripped. This function should be used to remove a specific extension which might, or might not, be there. Use rootname(basename(Filename)) to remove an extension that exists, but you are not sure which one it is.

8> filename:basename("~/src/kalle.erl", ".erl").
"kalle"
9> filename:basename("~/src/kalle.beam", ".erl").
"kalle.beam"
10> filename:basename("~/src/kalle.old.erl", ".erl").
"kalle.old"
11> filename:rootname(filename:basename("~/src/kalle.erl")).
"kalle"
12> filename:rootname(filename:basename("~/src/kalle.beam")).
"kalle"
 dirname(Filename) -> string() Return the directory part of a path name Filename = name()

Returns the directory part of Filename.

13> filename:dirname("/usr/src/kalle.erl").
"/usr/src"
14> filename:dirname("kalle.erl").
"."

5> filename:dirname("\\usr\\src/kalle.erl"). % Windows
"/usr/src"
 extension(Filename) -> string() Return the file extension Filename = name()

Returns the file extension of Filename, including the period. Returns an empty string if there is no extension.

15> filename:extension("foo.erl").
".erl"
16> filename:extension("beam.src/kalle").
[]
 flatten(Filename) -> string() Convert a filename to a flat string Filename = name()

Converts a possibly deep list filename consisting of characters and atoms into the corresponding flat string filename.

 join(Components) -> string() Join a list of filename components with directory separators Components = [string()]

Joins a list of file name Components with directory separators. If one of the elements of Components includes an absolute path, for example "/xxx", the preceding elements, if any, are removed from the result.

The result is "normalized":

Redundant directory separators are removed. In Windows, all directory separators are forward slashes and the drive letter is in lower case. 
17> filename:join(["/usr", "local", "bin"]).
"/usr/local/bin"
18> filename:join(["a/b///c/"]).
"a/b/c"

6> filename:join(["B:a\\b///c/"]). % Windows
"b:a/b/c"
 join(Name1, Name2) -> string() Join two filename components with directory separators Name1 = Name2 = string()

Joins two file name components with directory separators. Equivalent to join([Name1, Name2]).

 nativename(Path) -> string() Return the native form of a file path Path = string()

Converts Path to a form accepted by the command shell and native applications on the current platform. On Windows, forward slashes is converted to backward slashes. On all platforms, the name is normalized as done by join/1.

19> filename:nativename("/usr/local/bin/"). % Unix
"/usr/local/bin"

7> filename:nativename("/usr/local/bin/"). % Windows
"\\usr\\local\\bin"
 pathtype(Path) -> absolute | relative | volumerelative Return the type of a path

Returns the type of path, one of absolute, relative, or volumerelative.

absolute

The path name refers to a specific file on a specific volume.

Unix example: /usr/local/bin

Windows example: D:/usr/local/bin

 relative

The path name is relative to the current working directory on the current volume.

Example: foo/bar, ../src

 volumerelative

The path name is relative to the current working directory on a specified volume, or it is a specific file on the current working volume.

Windows example: D:bar.erl, /bar/foo.erl

 rootname(Filename) -> string() rootname(Filename, Ext) -> string() Remove a filename extension Filename = Ext = name()

Remove a filename extension. rootname/2 works as rootname/1, except that the extension is removed only if it is Ext.

20> filename:rootname("/beam.src/kalle").
/beam.src/kalle"
21> filename:rootname("/beam.src/foo.erl").
"/beam.src/foo"
22> filename:rootname("/beam.src/foo.erl", ".erl").
"/beam.src/foo"
23> filename:rootname("/beam.src/foo.beam", ".erl").
"/beam.src/foo.beam"
 split(Filename) -> Components Split a filename into its path components Filename = name() Components = [string()]

Returns a list whose elements are the path components of Filename.

24> filename:split("/usr/local/bin").
["/","usr","local","bin"]
25> filename:split("foo/bar").
["foo","bar"]
26> filename:split("a:\\msdev\\include").
["a:/","msdev","include"]
 find_src(Beam) -> {SourceFile, Options} | {error,{ErrorReason,Module}} find_src(Beam, Rules) -> {SourceFile, Options} | {error,{ErrorReason,Module}} Find the filename and compiler options for a module Beam = Module | Filename  Module = atom()  Filename = string() | atom() SourceFile = string() Options = [Opt]  Opt = {i, string()} | {outdir, string()} | {d, atom()} ErrorReason = non_existing | preloaded | interpreted

Finds the source filename and compiler options for a module. The result can be fed to compile:file/2 in order to compile the file again.

The Beam argument, which can be a string or an atom, specifies either the module name or the path to the source code, with or without the ".erl" extension. In either case, the module must be known by the code server, i.e. code:which(Module) must succeed.

Rules describes how the source directory can be found, when the object code directory is known. It is a list of tuples {BinSuffix, SourceSuffix} and is interpreted as follows: If the end of the directory name where the object is located matches BinSuffix, then the source code directory has the same name, but with BinSuffix replaced by SourceSuffix. Rules defaults to:

[{"", ""}, {"ebin", "src"}, {"ebin", "esrc"}]

If the source file is found in the resulting directory, then the function returns that location together with Options. Otherwise, the next rule is tried, and so on.

The function returns {SourceFile, Options} if it succeeds. SourceFile is the absolute path to the source file without the ".erl" extension. Options include the options which are necessary to recompile the file with compile:file/2, but excludes options such as report or verbose which do not change the way code is generated. The paths in the {outdir, Path} and {i, Path} options are guaranteed to be absolute.