%% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% %% Copyright Ericsson AB 1996-2016. All Rights Reserved. %% %% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); %% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. %% You may obtain a copy of the License at %% %% http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 %% %% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software %% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, %% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. %% See the License for the specific language governing permissions and %% limitations under the License. %% %% %CopyrightEnd% %% -module(ets). %% Interface to the Term store BIF's %% ets == Erlang Term Store -export([file2tab/1, file2tab/2, filter/3, foldl/3, foldr/3, match_delete/2, tab2file/2, tab2file/3, tabfile_info/1, from_dets/2, to_dets/2, init_table/2, test_ms/2, tab2list/1, table/1, table/2, fun2ms/1, match_spec_run/2, repair_continuation/2]). -export([i/0, i/1, i/2, i/3]). -export_type([tab/0, tid/0, match_spec/0, comp_match_spec/0, match_pattern/0]). %%----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -type access() :: public | protected | private. -type tab() :: atom() | tid(). -type type() :: set | ordered_set | bag | duplicate_bag. -type continuation() :: '$end_of_table' | {tab(),integer(),integer(),binary(),list(),integer()} | {tab(),_,_,integer(),binary(),list(),integer(),integer()}. -opaque tid() :: integer(). -type match_pattern() :: atom() | tuple(). -type match_spec() :: [{match_pattern(), [_], [_]}]. %%----------------------------------------------------------------------------- %%% BIFs -export([all/0, delete/1, delete/2, delete_all_objects/1, delete_object/2, first/1, give_away/3, info/1, info/2, insert/2, insert_new/2, is_compiled_ms/1, last/1, lookup/2, lookup_element/3, match/1, match/2, match/3, match_object/1, match_object/2, match_object/3, match_spec_compile/1, match_spec_run_r/3, member/2, new/2, next/2, prev/2, rename/2, safe_fixtable/2, select/1, select/2, select/3, select_count/2, select_delete/2, select_reverse/1, select_reverse/2, select_reverse/3, setopts/2, slot/2, take/2, update_counter/3, update_counter/4, update_element/3]). -spec all() -> [Tab] when Tab :: tab(). all() -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec delete(Tab) -> true when Tab :: tab(). delete(_) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec delete(Tab, Key) -> true when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(). delete(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec delete_all_objects(Tab) -> true when Tab :: tab(). delete_all_objects(_) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec delete_object(Tab, Object) -> true when Tab :: tab(), Object :: tuple(). delete_object(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec first(Tab) -> Key | '$end_of_table' when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(). first(_) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec give_away(Tab, Pid, GiftData) -> true when Tab :: tab(), Pid :: pid(), GiftData :: term(). give_away(_, _, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec info(Tab) -> InfoList | undefined when Tab :: tab(), InfoList :: [InfoTuple], InfoTuple :: {compressed, boolean()} | {heir, pid() | none} | {keypos, pos_integer()} | {memory, non_neg_integer()} | {name, atom()} | {named_table, boolean()} | {node, node()} | {owner, pid()} | {protection, access()} | {size, non_neg_integer()} | {type, type()} | {write_concurrency, boolean()} | {read_concurrency, boolean()}. info(_) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec info(Tab, Item) -> Value | undefined when Tab :: tab(), Item :: compressed | fixed | heir | keypos | memory | name | named_table | node | owner | protection | safe_fixed | safe_fixed_monotonic_time | size | stats | type | write_concurrency | read_concurrency, Value :: term(). info(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec insert(Tab, ObjectOrObjects) -> true when Tab :: tab(), ObjectOrObjects :: tuple() | [tuple()]. insert(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec insert_new(Tab, ObjectOrObjects) -> boolean() when Tab :: tab(), ObjectOrObjects :: tuple() | [tuple()]. insert_new(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec is_compiled_ms(Term) -> boolean() when Term :: term(). is_compiled_ms(_) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec last(Tab) -> Key | '$end_of_table' when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(). last(_) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec lookup(Tab, Key) -> [Object] when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(), Object :: tuple(). lookup(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec lookup_element(Tab, Key, Pos) -> Elem when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(), Pos :: pos_integer(), Elem :: term() | [term()]. lookup_element(_, _, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec match(Tab, Pattern) -> [Match] when Tab :: tab(), Pattern :: match_pattern(), Match :: [term()]. match(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec match(Tab, Pattern, Limit) -> {[Match], Continuation} | '$end_of_table' when Tab :: tab(), Pattern :: match_pattern(), Limit :: pos_integer(), Match :: [term()], Continuation :: continuation(). match(_, _, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec match(Continuation) -> {[Match], Continuation} | '$end_of_table' when Match :: [term()], Continuation :: continuation(). match(_) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec match_object(Tab, Pattern) -> [Object] when Tab :: tab(), Pattern :: match_pattern(), Object :: tuple(). match_object(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec match_object(Tab, Pattern, Limit) -> {[Object], Continuation} | '$end_of_table' when Tab :: tab(), Pattern :: match_pattern(), Limit :: pos_integer(), Object :: tuple(), Continuation :: continuation(). match_object(_, _, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec match_object(Continuation) -> {[Object], Continuation} | '$end_of_table' when Object :: tuple(), Continuation :: continuation(). match_object(_) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec match_spec_compile(MatchSpec) -> CompiledMatchSpec when MatchSpec :: match_spec(), CompiledMatchSpec :: comp_match_spec(). match_spec_compile(_) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec match_spec_run_r(List, CompiledMatchSpec, list()) -> list() when List :: [tuple()], CompiledMatchSpec :: comp_match_spec(). match_spec_run_r(_, _, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec member(Tab, Key) -> boolean() when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(). member(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec new(Name, Options) -> tid() | atom() when Name :: atom(), Options :: [Option], Option :: Type | Access | named_table | {keypos,Pos} | {heir, Pid :: pid(), HeirData} | {heir, none} | Tweaks, Type :: type(), Access :: access(), Tweaks :: {write_concurrency, boolean()} | {read_concurrency, boolean()} | compressed, Pos :: pos_integer(), HeirData :: term(). new(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec next(Tab, Key1) -> Key2 | '$end_of_table' when Tab :: tab(), Key1 :: term(), Key2 :: term(). next(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec prev(Tab, Key1) -> Key2 | '$end_of_table' when Tab :: tab(), Key1 :: term(), Key2 :: term(). prev(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). %% Shadowed by erl_bif_types: ets:rename/2 -spec rename(Tab, Name) -> Name when Tab :: tab(), Name :: atom(). rename(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec safe_fixtable(Tab, Fix) -> true when Tab :: tab(), Fix :: boolean(). safe_fixtable(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec select(Tab, MatchSpec) -> [Match] when Tab :: tab(), MatchSpec :: match_spec(), Match :: term(). select(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec select(Tab, MatchSpec, Limit) -> {[Match],Continuation} | '$end_of_table' when Tab :: tab(), MatchSpec :: match_spec(), Limit :: pos_integer(), Match :: term(), Continuation :: continuation(). select(_, _, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec select(Continuation) -> {[Match],Continuation} | '$end_of_table' when Match :: term(), Continuation :: continuation(). select(_) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec select_count(Tab, MatchSpec) -> NumMatched when Tab :: tab(), MatchSpec :: match_spec(), NumMatched :: non_neg_integer(). select_count(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec select_delete(Tab, MatchSpec) -> NumDeleted when Tab :: tab(), MatchSpec :: match_spec(), NumDeleted :: non_neg_integer(). select_delete(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec select_reverse(Tab, MatchSpec) -> [Match] when Tab :: tab(), MatchSpec :: match_spec(), Match :: term(). select_reverse(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec select_reverse(Tab, MatchSpec, Limit) -> {[Match],Continuation} | '$end_of_table' when Tab :: tab(), MatchSpec :: match_spec(), Limit :: pos_integer(), Match :: term(), Continuation :: continuation(). select_reverse(_, _, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec select_reverse(Continuation) -> {[Match],Continuation} | '$end_of_table' when Continuation :: continuation(), Match :: term(). select_reverse(_) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec setopts(Tab, Opts) -> true when Tab :: tab(), Opts :: Opt | [Opt], Opt :: {heir, pid(), HeirData} | {heir,none}, HeirData :: term(). setopts(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec slot(Tab, I) -> [Object] | '$end_of_table' when Tab :: tab(), I :: non_neg_integer(), Object :: tuple(). slot(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec take(Tab, Key) -> [Object] when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(), Object :: tuple(). take(_, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec update_counter(Tab, Key, UpdateOp) -> Result when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(), UpdateOp :: {Pos, Incr} | {Pos, Incr, Threshold, SetValue}, Pos :: integer(), Incr :: integer(), Threshold :: integer(), SetValue :: integer(), Result :: integer(); (Tab, Key, [UpdateOp]) -> [Result] when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(), UpdateOp :: {Pos, Incr} | {Pos, Incr, Threshold, SetValue}, Pos :: integer(), Incr :: integer(), Threshold :: integer(), SetValue :: integer(), Result :: integer(); (Tab, Key, Incr) -> Result when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(), Incr :: integer(), Result :: integer(). update_counter(_, _, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec update_counter(Tab, Key, UpdateOp, Default) -> Result when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(), UpdateOp :: {Pos, Incr} | {Pos, Incr, Threshold, SetValue}, Pos :: integer(), Incr :: integer(), Threshold :: integer(), SetValue :: integer(), Result :: integer(), Default :: tuple(); (Tab, Key, [UpdateOp], Default) -> [Result] when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(), UpdateOp :: {Pos, Incr} | {Pos, Incr, Threshold, SetValue}, Pos :: integer(), Incr :: integer(), Threshold :: integer(), SetValue :: integer(), Result :: integer(), Default :: tuple(); (Tab, Key, Incr, Default) -> Result when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(), Incr :: integer(), Result :: integer(), Default :: tuple(). update_counter(_, _, _, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). -spec update_element(Tab, Key, ElementSpec :: {Pos, Value}) -> boolean() when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(), Pos :: pos_integer(), Value :: term(); (Tab, Key, ElementSpec :: [{Pos, Value}]) -> boolean() when Tab :: tab(), Key :: term(), Pos :: pos_integer(), Value :: term(). update_element(_, _, _) -> erlang:nif_error(undef). %%% End of BIFs -opaque comp_match_spec() :: binary(). %% this one is REALLY opaque -spec match_spec_run(List, CompiledMatchSpec) -> list() when List :: [tuple()], CompiledMatchSpec :: comp_match_spec(). match_spec_run(List, CompiledMS) -> lists:reverse(ets:match_spec_run_r(List, CompiledMS, [])). -spec repair_continuation(Continuation, MatchSpec) -> Continuation when Continuation :: continuation(), MatchSpec :: match_spec(). %% $end_of_table is an allowed continuation in ets... repair_continuation('$end_of_table', _) -> '$end_of_table'; %% ordered_set repair_continuation(Untouched = {Table,Lastkey,EndCondition,N2,Bin,L2,N3,N4}, MS) when %% (is_atom(Table) or is_integer(Table)), is_integer(N2), byte_size(Bin) =:= 0, is_list(L2), is_integer(N3), is_integer(N4) -> case ets:is_compiled_ms(Bin) of true -> Untouched; false -> {Table,Lastkey,EndCondition,N2,ets:match_spec_compile(MS),L2,N3,N4} end; %% set/bag/duplicate_bag repair_continuation(Untouched = {Table,N1,N2,Bin,L,N3}, MS) when %% (is_atom(Table) or is_integer(Table)), is_integer(N1), is_integer(N2), byte_size(Bin) =:= 0, is_list(L), is_integer(N3) -> case ets:is_compiled_ms(Bin) of true -> Untouched; false -> {Table,N1,N2,ets:match_spec_compile(MS),L,N3} end. -spec fun2ms(LiteralFun) -> MatchSpec when LiteralFun :: function(), MatchSpec :: match_spec(). fun2ms(ShellFun) when is_function(ShellFun) -> %% Check that this is really a shell fun... case erl_eval:fun_data(ShellFun) of {fun_data,ImportList,Clauses} -> case ms_transform:transform_from_shell( ?MODULE,Clauses,ImportList) of {error,[{_,[{_,_,Code}|_]}|_],_} -> io:format("Error: ~ts~n", [ms_transform:format_error(Code)]), {error,transform_error}; Else -> Else end; _ -> exit({badarg,{?MODULE,fun2ms, [function,called,with,real,'fun', should,be,transformed,with, parse_transform,'or',called,with, a,'fun',generated,in,the, shell]}}) end. -spec foldl(Function, Acc0, Tab) -> Acc1 when Function :: fun((Element :: term(), AccIn) -> AccOut), Tab :: tab(), Acc0 :: term(), Acc1 :: term(), AccIn :: term(), AccOut :: term(). foldl(F, Accu, T) -> ets:safe_fixtable(T, true), First = ets:first(T), try do_foldl(F, Accu, First, T) after ets:safe_fixtable(T, false) end. do_foldl(F, Accu0, Key, T) -> case Key of '$end_of_table' -> Accu0; _ -> do_foldl(F, lists:foldl(F, Accu0, ets:lookup(T, Key)), ets:next(T, Key), T) end. -spec foldr(Function, Acc0, Tab) -> Acc1 when Function :: fun((Element :: term(), AccIn) -> AccOut), Tab :: tab(), Acc0 :: term(), Acc1 :: term(), AccIn :: term(), AccOut :: term(). foldr(F, Accu, T) -> ets:safe_fixtable(T, true), Last = ets:last(T), try do_foldr(F, Accu, Last, T) after ets:safe_fixtable(T, false) end. do_foldr(F, Accu0, Key, T) -> case Key of '$end_of_table' -> Accu0; _ -> do_foldr(F, lists:foldr(F, Accu0, ets:lookup(T, Key)), ets:prev(T, Key), T) end. -spec from_dets(Tab, DetsTab) -> 'true' when Tab :: tab(), DetsTab :: dets:tab_name(). from_dets(EtsTable, DetsTable) -> case (catch dets:to_ets(DetsTable, EtsTable)) of {error, Reason} -> erlang:error(Reason, [EtsTable,DetsTable]); {'EXIT', {Reason1, _Stack1}} -> erlang:error(Reason1,[EtsTable,DetsTable]); {'EXIT', EReason} -> erlang:error(EReason,[EtsTable,DetsTable]); EtsTable -> true; Unexpected -> %% Dets bug? erlang:error(Unexpected,[EtsTable,DetsTable]) end. -spec to_dets(Tab, DetsTab) -> DetsTab when Tab :: tab(), DetsTab :: dets:tab_name(). to_dets(EtsTable, DetsTable) -> case (catch dets:from_ets(DetsTable, EtsTable)) of {error, Reason} -> erlang:error(Reason, [EtsTable,DetsTable]); {'EXIT', {Reason1, _Stack1}} -> erlang:error(Reason1,[EtsTable,DetsTable]); {'EXIT', EReason} -> erlang:error(EReason,[EtsTable,DetsTable]); ok -> DetsTable; Unexpected -> %% Dets bug? erlang:error(Unexpected,[EtsTable,DetsTable]) end. -spec test_ms(Tuple, MatchSpec) -> {'ok', Result} | {'error', Errors} when Tuple :: tuple(), MatchSpec :: match_spec(), Result :: term(), Errors :: [{'warning'|'error', string()}]. test_ms(Term, MS) -> case erlang:match_spec_test(Term, MS, table) of {ok, Result, _Flags, _Messages} -> {ok, Result}; {error, _Errors} = Error -> Error end. -spec init_table(Tab, InitFun) -> 'true' when Tab :: tab(), InitFun :: fun((Arg) -> Res), Arg :: 'read' | 'close', Res :: 'end_of_input' | {Objects :: [term()], InitFun} | term(). init_table(Table, Fun) -> ets:delete_all_objects(Table), init_table_continue(Table, Fun(read)). init_table_continue(_Table, end_of_input) -> true; init_table_continue(Table, {List, Fun}) when is_list(List), is_function(Fun) -> case (catch init_table_sub(Table, List)) of {'EXIT', Reason} -> (catch Fun(close)), exit(Reason); true -> init_table_continue(Table, Fun(read)) end; init_table_continue(_Table, Error) -> exit(Error). init_table_sub(_Table, []) -> true; init_table_sub(Table, [H|T]) -> ets:insert(Table, H), init_table_sub(Table, T). -spec match_delete(Tab, Pattern) -> 'true' when Tab :: tab(), Pattern :: match_pattern(). match_delete(Table, Pattern) -> ets:select_delete(Table, [{Pattern,[],[true]}]), true. %% Produce a list of tuples from a table -spec tab2list(Tab) -> [Object] when Tab :: tab(), Object :: tuple(). tab2list(T) -> ets:match_object(T, '_'). -spec filter(tab(), function(), [term()]) -> [term()]. filter(Tn, F, A) when is_atom(Tn) ; is_integer(Tn) -> do_filter(Tn, ets:first(Tn), F, A, []). do_filter(_Tab, '$end_of_table', _, _, Ack) -> Ack; do_filter(Tab, Key, F, A, Ack) -> case apply(F, [ets:lookup(Tab, Key)|A]) of false -> do_filter(Tab, ets:next(Tab, Key), F, A, Ack); true -> Ack2 = ets:lookup(Tab, Key) ++ Ack, do_filter(Tab, ets:next(Tab, Key), F, A, Ack2); {true, Value} -> do_filter(Tab, ets:next(Tab, Key), F, A, [Value|Ack]) end. %% Dump a table to a file using the disk_log facility %% Options := [Option] %% Option := {extended_info,[ExtInfo]} %% ExtInfo := object_count | md5sum -define(MAJOR_F2T_VERSION,1). -define(MINOR_F2T_VERSION,0). -record(filetab_options, { object_count = false :: boolean(), md5sum = false :: boolean(), sync = false :: boolean() }). -spec tab2file(Tab, Filename) -> 'ok' | {'error', Reason} when Tab :: tab(), Filename :: file:name(), Reason :: term(). tab2file(Tab, File) -> tab2file(Tab, File, []). -spec tab2file(Tab, Filename, Options) -> 'ok' | {'error', Reason} when Tab :: tab(), Filename :: file:name(), Options :: [Option], Option :: {'extended_info', [ExtInfo]} | {'sync', boolean()}, ExtInfo :: 'md5sum' | 'object_count', Reason :: term(). tab2file(Tab, File, Options) -> try {ok, FtOptions} = parse_ft_options(Options), _ = file:delete(File), case file:read_file_info(File) of {error, enoent} -> ok; _ -> throw(eaccess) end, Name = make_ref(), case disk_log:open([{name, Name}, {file, File}]) of {ok, Name} -> ok; {error, Reason} -> throw(Reason) end, try Info0 = case ets:info(Tab) of undefined -> %% erlang:error(badarg, [Tab, File, Options]); throw(badtab); I -> I end, Info = [list_to_tuple(Info0 ++ [{major_version,?MAJOR_F2T_VERSION}, {minor_version,?MINOR_F2T_VERSION}, {extended_info, ft_options_to_list(FtOptions)}])], {LogFun, InitState} = case FtOptions#filetab_options.md5sum of true -> {fun(Oldstate,Termlist) -> {NewState,BinList} = md5terms(Oldstate,Termlist), case disk_log:blog_terms(Name,BinList) of ok -> NewState; {error, Reason2} -> throw(Reason2) end end, erlang:md5_init()}; false -> {fun(_,Termlist) -> case disk_log:log_terms(Name,Termlist) of ok -> true; {error, Reason2} -> throw(Reason2) end end, true} end, ets:safe_fixtable(Tab,true), {NewState1,Num} = try NewState = LogFun(InitState,Info), dump_file( ets:select(Tab,[{'_',[],['$_']}],100), LogFun, NewState, 0) after (catch ets:safe_fixtable(Tab,false)) end, EndInfo = case FtOptions#filetab_options.object_count of true -> [{count,Num}]; false -> [] end ++ case FtOptions#filetab_options.md5sum of true -> [{md5,erlang:md5_final(NewState1)}]; false -> [] end, case EndInfo of [] -> ok; List -> LogFun(NewState1,[['$end_of_table',List]]) end, case FtOptions#filetab_options.sync of true -> case disk_log:sync(Name) of ok -> ok; {error, Reason2} -> throw(Reason2) end; false -> ok end, disk_log:close(Name) catch throw:TReason -> _ = disk_log:close(Name), _ = file:delete(File), throw(TReason); exit:ExReason -> _ = disk_log:close(Name), _ = file:delete(File), exit(ExReason); error:ErReason -> _ = disk_log:close(Name), _ = file:delete(File), erlang:raise(error,ErReason,erlang:get_stacktrace()) end catch throw:TReason2 -> {error,TReason2}; exit:ExReason2 -> {error,ExReason2} end. dump_file('$end_of_table', _LogFun, State, Num) -> {State,Num}; dump_file({Terms, Context}, LogFun, State, Num) -> Count = length(Terms), NewState = LogFun(State, Terms), dump_file(ets:select(Context), LogFun, NewState, Num + Count). ft_options_to_list(#filetab_options{md5sum = MD5, object_count = PS}) -> case PS of true -> [object_count]; _ -> [] end ++ case MD5 of true -> [md5sum]; _ -> [] end. md5terms(State, []) -> {State, []}; md5terms(State, [H|T]) -> B = term_to_binary(H), NewState = erlang:md5_update(State, B), {FinState, TL} = md5terms(NewState, T), {FinState, [B|TL]}. parse_ft_options(Options) when is_list(Options) -> {ok, parse_ft_options(Options, #filetab_options{}, false)}. parse_ft_options([], FtOpt, _) -> FtOpt; parse_ft_options([{sync,true} | Rest], FtOpt, EI) -> parse_ft_options(Rest, FtOpt#filetab_options{sync = true}, EI); parse_ft_options([{sync,false} | Rest], FtOpt, EI) -> parse_ft_options(Rest, FtOpt, EI); parse_ft_options([{extended_info,L} | Rest], FtOpt0, false) -> FtOpt1 = parse_ft_info_options(FtOpt0, L), parse_ft_options(Rest, FtOpt1, true); parse_ft_options([Other | _], _, _) -> throw({unknown_option, Other}); parse_ft_options(Malformed, _, _) -> throw({malformed_option, Malformed}). parse_ft_info_options(FtOpt,[]) -> FtOpt; parse_ft_info_options(FtOpt,[object_count | T]) -> parse_ft_info_options(FtOpt#filetab_options{object_count = true}, T); parse_ft_info_options(FtOpt,[md5sum | T]) -> parse_ft_info_options(FtOpt#filetab_options{md5sum = true}, T); parse_ft_info_options(_,[Unexpected | _]) -> throw({unknown_option,[{extended_info,[Unexpected]}]}); parse_ft_info_options(_,Malformed) -> throw({malformed_option,Malformed}). %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% Read a dumped file from disk and create a corresponding table %% Opts := [Opt] %% Opt := {verify,boolean()} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -spec file2tab(Filename) -> {'ok', Tab} | {'error', Reason} when Filename :: file:name(), Tab :: tab(), Reason :: term(). file2tab(File) -> file2tab(File, []). -spec file2tab(Filename, Options) -> {'ok', Tab} | {'error', Reason} when Filename :: file:name(), Tab :: tab(), Options :: [Option], Option :: {'verify', boolean()}, Reason :: term(). file2tab(File, Opts) -> try {ok,Verify,TabArg} = parse_f2t_opts(Opts,false,[]), Name = make_ref(), {ok, Name} = case disk_log:open([{name, Name}, {file, File}, {mode, read_only}]) of {ok, Name} -> {ok, Name}; {repaired, Name, _,_} -> %Uh? cannot happen? case Verify of true -> _ = disk_log:close(Name), throw(badfile); false -> {ok, Name} end; {error, Other1} -> throw({read_error, Other1}); Other2 -> throw(Other2) end, {ok, Major, Minor, FtOptions, MD5State, FullHeader, DLContext} = try get_header_data(Name, Verify) catch badfile -> _ = disk_log:close(Name), throw(badfile) end, try if Major > ?MAJOR_F2T_VERSION -> throw({unsupported_file_version,{Major,Minor}}); true -> ok end, {ok, Tab, HeadCount} = create_tab(FullHeader, TabArg), StrippedOptions = case Verify of true -> FtOptions; false -> #filetab_options{} end, {ReadFun,InitState} = case StrippedOptions#filetab_options.md5sum of true -> {fun({OldMD5State,OldCount,_OL,ODLContext} = OS) -> case wrap_bchunk(Name,ODLContext,100,Verify) of eof -> {OS,[]}; {NDLContext,Blist} -> {Termlist, NewMD5State, NewCount,NewLast} = md5_and_convert(Blist, OldMD5State, OldCount), {{NewMD5State, NewCount, NewLast,NDLContext}, Termlist} end end, {MD5State,0,[],DLContext}}; false -> {fun({_,OldCount,_OL,ODLContext} = OS) -> case wrap_chunk(Name,ODLContext,100,Verify) of eof -> {OS,[]}; {NDLContext,List} -> {NewLast,NewCount,NewList} = scan_for_endinfo(List, OldCount), {{false,NewCount,NewLast,NDLContext}, NewList} end end, {false,0,[],DLContext}} end, try do_read_and_verify(ReadFun,InitState,Tab, StrippedOptions,HeadCount,Verify) catch throw:TReason -> ets:delete(Tab), throw(TReason); exit:ExReason -> ets:delete(Tab), exit(ExReason); error:ErReason -> ets:delete(Tab), erlang:raise(error,ErReason,erlang:get_stacktrace()) end after _ = disk_log:close(Name) end catch throw:TReason2 -> {error,TReason2}; exit:ExReason2 -> {error,ExReason2} end. do_read_and_verify(ReadFun,InitState,Tab,FtOptions,HeadCount,Verify) -> case load_table(ReadFun,InitState,Tab) of {ok,{_,FinalCount,[],_}} -> case {FtOptions#filetab_options.md5sum, FtOptions#filetab_options.object_count} of {false,false} -> case Verify of false -> ok; true -> case FinalCount of HeadCount -> ok; _ -> throw(invalid_object_count) end end; _ -> throw(badfile) end, {ok,Tab}; {ok,{FinalMD5State,FinalCount,['$end_of_table',LastInfo],_}} -> ECount = case lists:keyfind(count,1,LastInfo) of {count,N} -> N; _ -> false end, EMD5 = case lists:keyfind(md5,1,LastInfo) of {md5,M} -> M; _ -> false end, case FtOptions#filetab_options.md5sum of true -> case erlang:md5_final(FinalMD5State) of EMD5 -> ok; _MD5MisM -> throw(checksum_error) end; false -> ok end, case FtOptions#filetab_options.object_count of true -> case FinalCount of ECount -> ok; _Other -> throw(invalid_object_count) end; false -> %% Only use header count if no extended info %% at all is present and verification is requested. case {Verify,FtOptions#filetab_options.md5sum} of {true,false} -> case FinalCount of HeadCount -> ok; _Other2 -> throw(invalid_object_count) end; _ -> ok end end, {ok,Tab} end. parse_f2t_opts([],Verify,Tab) -> {ok,Verify,Tab}; parse_f2t_opts([{verify, true}|T],_OV,Tab) -> parse_f2t_opts(T,true,Tab); parse_f2t_opts([{verify,false}|T],OV,Tab) -> parse_f2t_opts(T,OV,Tab); parse_f2t_opts([{table,Tab}|T],OV,[]) -> parse_f2t_opts(T,OV,Tab); parse_f2t_opts([Unexpected|_],_,_) -> throw({unknown_option,Unexpected}); parse_f2t_opts(Malformed,_,_) -> throw({malformed_option,Malformed}). count_mandatory([]) -> 0; count_mandatory([{Tag,_}|T]) when Tag =:= name; Tag =:= type; Tag =:= protection; Tag =:= named_table; Tag =:= keypos; Tag =:= size -> 1+count_mandatory(T); count_mandatory([_|T]) -> count_mandatory(T). verify_header_mandatory(L) -> count_mandatory(L) =:= 6. wrap_bchunk(Name,C,N,true) -> case disk_log:bchunk(Name,C,N) of {_,_,X} when X > 0 -> throw(badfile); {NC,Bin,_} -> {NC,Bin}; Y -> Y end; wrap_bchunk(Name,C,N,false) -> case disk_log:bchunk(Name,C,N) of {NC,Bin,_} -> {NC,Bin}; Y -> Y end. wrap_chunk(Name,C,N,true) -> case disk_log:chunk(Name,C,N) of {_,_,X} when X > 0 -> throw(badfile); {NC,TL,_} -> {NC,TL}; Y -> Y end; wrap_chunk(Name,C,N,false) -> case disk_log:chunk(Name,C,N) of {NC,TL,_} -> {NC,TL}; Y -> Y end. get_header_data(Name,true) -> case wrap_bchunk(Name,start,1,true) of {C,[Bin]} when is_binary(Bin) -> T = binary_to_term(Bin), case T of Tup when is_tuple(Tup) -> L = tuple_to_list(Tup), case verify_header_mandatory(L) of false -> throw(badfile); true -> Major = case lists:keyfind(major,1,L) of {major,Maj} -> Maj; _ -> 0 end, Minor = case lists:keyfind(minor,1,L) of {minor,Min} -> Min; _ -> 0 end, FtOptions = case lists:keyfind(extended_info,1,L) of {extended_info,I} when is_list(I) -> #filetab_options { object_count = lists:member(object_count,I), md5sum = lists:member(md5sum,I) }; _ -> #filetab_options{} end, MD5Initial = case FtOptions#filetab_options.md5sum of true -> X = erlang:md5_init(), erlang:md5_update(X,Bin); false -> false end, {ok, Major, Minor, FtOptions, MD5Initial, L, C} end; _X -> throw(badfile) end; _Y -> throw(badfile) end; get_header_data(Name, false) -> case wrap_chunk(Name, start, 1, false) of {C,[Tup]} when is_tuple(Tup) -> L = tuple_to_list(Tup), case verify_header_mandatory(L) of false -> throw(badfile); true -> Major = case lists:keyfind(major_version, 1, L) of {major_version, Maj} -> Maj; _ -> 0 end, Minor = case lists:keyfind(minor_version, 1, L) of {minor_version, Min} -> Min; _ -> 0 end, FtOptions = case lists:keyfind(extended_info, 1, L) of {extended_info, I} when is_list(I) -> #filetab_options { object_count = lists:member(object_count,I), md5sum = lists:member(md5sum,I) }; _ -> #filetab_options{} end, {ok, Major, Minor, FtOptions, false, L, C} end; _ -> throw(badfile) end. md5_and_convert([], MD5State, Count) -> {[],MD5State,Count,[]}; md5_and_convert([H|T], MD5State, Count) when is_binary(H) -> case (catch binary_to_term(H)) of {'EXIT', _} -> md5_and_convert(T,MD5State,Count); ['$end_of_table',_Dat] = L -> {[],MD5State,Count,L}; Term -> X = erlang:md5_update(MD5State, H), {Rest,NewMD5,NewCount,NewLast} = md5_and_convert(T, X, Count+1), {[Term | Rest],NewMD5,NewCount,NewLast} end. scan_for_endinfo([], Count) -> {[],Count,[]}; scan_for_endinfo([['$end_of_table',Dat]], Count) -> {['$end_of_table',Dat],Count,[]}; scan_for_endinfo([Term|T], Count) -> {NewLast,NCount,Rest} = scan_for_endinfo(T, Count+1), {NewLast,NCount,[Term | Rest]}. load_table(ReadFun, State, Tab) -> {NewState,NewData} = ReadFun(State), case NewData of [] -> {ok,NewState}; List -> ets:insert(Tab, List), load_table(ReadFun, NewState, Tab) end. create_tab(I, TabArg) -> {name, Name} = lists:keyfind(name, 1, I), {type, Type} = lists:keyfind(type, 1, I), {protection, P} = lists:keyfind(protection, 1, I), {keypos, _Kp} = Keypos = lists:keyfind(keypos, 1, I), {size, Sz} = lists:keyfind(size, 1, I), L1 = [Type, P, Keypos], L2 = case lists:keyfind(named_table, 1, I) of {named_table, true} -> [named_table | L1]; {named_table, false} -> L1 end, L3 = case lists:keyfind(compressed, 1, I) of {compressed, true} -> [compressed | L2]; {compressed, false} -> L2; false -> L2 end, L4 = case lists:keyfind(write_concurrency, 1, I) of {write_concurrency, _}=Wcc -> [Wcc | L3]; _ -> L3 end, L5 = case lists:keyfind(read_concurrency, 1, I) of {read_concurrency, _}=Rcc -> [Rcc | L4]; false -> L4 end, case TabArg of [] -> try Tab = ets:new(Name, L5), {ok, Tab, Sz} catch _:_ -> throw(cannot_create_table) end; _ -> {ok, TabArg, Sz} end. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% tabfile_info/1 reads the head information in an ets table dumped to %% disk by means of file2tab and returns a list of the relevant table %% information %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -spec tabfile_info(Filename) -> {'ok', TableInfo} | {'error', Reason} when Filename :: file:name(), TableInfo :: [InfoItem], InfoItem :: {'name', atom()} | {'type', Type} | {'protection', Protection} | {'named_table', boolean()} | {'keypos', non_neg_integer()} | {'size', non_neg_integer()} | {'extended_info', [ExtInfo]} | {'version', {Major :: non_neg_integer(), Minor :: non_neg_integer()}}, ExtInfo :: 'md5sum' | 'object_count', Type :: 'bag' | 'duplicate_bag' | 'ordered_set' | 'set', Protection :: 'private' | 'protected' | 'public', Reason :: term(). tabfile_info(File) when is_list(File) ; is_atom(File) -> try Name = make_ref(), {ok, Name} = case disk_log:open([{name, Name}, {file, File}, {mode, read_only}]) of {ok, Name} -> {ok, Name}; {repaired, Name, _,_} -> %Uh? cannot happen? {ok, Name}; {error, Other1} -> throw({read_error, Other1}); Other2 -> throw(Other2) end, {ok, Major, Minor, _FtOptions, _MD5State, FullHeader, _DLContext} = try get_header_data(Name, false) catch badfile -> _ = disk_log:close(Name), throw(badfile) end, case disk_log:close(Name) of ok -> ok; {error, Reason} -> throw(Reason) end, {value, N} = lists:keysearch(name, 1, FullHeader), {value, Type} = lists:keysearch(type, 1, FullHeader), {value, P} = lists:keysearch(protection, 1, FullHeader), {value, Val} = lists:keysearch(named_table, 1, FullHeader), {value, Kp} = lists:keysearch(keypos, 1, FullHeader), {value, Sz} = lists:keysearch(size, 1, FullHeader), Ei = case lists:keyfind(extended_info, 1, FullHeader) of false -> {extended_info, []}; Ei0 -> Ei0 end, {ok, [N,Type,P,Val,Kp,Sz,Ei,{version,{Major,Minor}}]} catch throw:TReason -> {error,TReason}; exit:ExReason -> {error,ExReason} end. -spec table(Tab) -> QueryHandle when Tab :: tab(), QueryHandle :: qlc:query_handle(). table(Tab) -> table(Tab, []). -spec table(Tab, Options) -> QueryHandle when Tab :: tab(), QueryHandle :: qlc:query_handle(), Options :: [Option] | Option, Option :: {'n_objects', NObjects} | {'traverse', TraverseMethod}, NObjects :: 'default' | pos_integer(), TraverseMethod :: 'first_next' | 'last_prev' | 'select' | {'select', MatchSpec :: match_spec()}. table(Tab, Opts) -> case options(Opts, [traverse, n_objects]) of {badarg,_} -> erlang:error(badarg, [Tab, Opts]); [[Traverse, NObjs], QlcOptions] -> TF = case Traverse of first_next -> fun() -> qlc_next(Tab, ets:first(Tab)) end; last_prev -> fun() -> qlc_prev(Tab, ets:last(Tab)) end; select -> fun(MS) -> qlc_select(ets:select(Tab, MS, NObjs)) end; {select, MS} -> fun() -> qlc_select(ets:select(Tab, MS, NObjs)) end end, PreFun = fun(_) -> ets:safe_fixtable(Tab, true) end, PostFun = fun() -> ets:safe_fixtable(Tab, false) end, InfoFun = fun(Tag) -> table_info(Tab, Tag) end, KeyEquality = case ets:info(Tab, type) of ordered_set -> '=='; _ -> '=:=' end, LookupFun = case Traverse of {select, _MS} -> undefined; _ -> fun(_Pos, [K]) -> ets:lookup(Tab, K); (_Pos, Ks) -> lists:flatmap(fun(K) -> ets:lookup(Tab, K) end, Ks) end end, FormatFun = fun({all, _NElements, _ElementFun}) -> As = [Tab | [Opts || _ <- [[]], Opts =/= []]], {?MODULE, table, As}; ({match_spec, MS}) -> {?MODULE, table, [Tab, [{traverse, {select, MS}} | listify(Opts)]]}; ({lookup, _KeyPos, [Value], _NElements, ElementFun}) -> io_lib:format("~w:lookup(~w, ~w)", [?MODULE, Tab, ElementFun(Value)]); ({lookup, _KeyPos, Values, _NElements, ElementFun}) -> Vals = [ElementFun(V) || V <- Values], io_lib:format("lists:flatmap(fun(V) -> " "~w:lookup(~w, V) end, ~w)", [?MODULE, Tab, Vals]) end, qlc:table(TF, [{pre_fun, PreFun}, {post_fun, PostFun}, {info_fun, InfoFun}, {format_fun, FormatFun}, {key_equality, KeyEquality}, {lookup_fun, LookupFun}] ++ QlcOptions) end. table_info(Tab, num_of_objects) -> ets:info(Tab, size); table_info(Tab, keypos) -> ets:info(Tab, keypos); table_info(Tab, is_unique_objects) -> ets:info(Tab, type) =/= duplicate_bag; table_info(Tab, is_sorted_key) -> ets:info(Tab, type) =:= ordered_set; table_info(_Tab, _) -> undefined. qlc_next(_Tab, '$end_of_table') -> []; qlc_next(Tab, Key) -> ets:lookup(Tab, Key) ++ fun() -> qlc_next(Tab, ets:next(Tab, Key)) end. qlc_prev(_Tab, '$end_of_table') -> []; qlc_prev(Tab, Key) -> ets:lookup(Tab, Key) ++ fun() -> qlc_prev(Tab, ets:prev(Tab, Key)) end. qlc_select('$end_of_table') -> []; qlc_select({Objects, Cont}) -> Objects ++ fun() -> qlc_select(ets:select(Cont)) end. options(Options, Keys) when is_list(Options) -> options(Options, Keys, []); options(Option, Keys) -> options([Option], Keys, []). options(Options, [Key | Keys], L) when is_list(Options) -> V = case lists:keyfind(Key, 1, Options) of {n_objects, default} -> {ok, default_option(Key)}; {n_objects, NObjs} when is_integer(NObjs), NObjs >= 1 -> {ok, NObjs}; {traverse, select} -> {ok, select}; {traverse, {select, _MS} = Select} -> {ok, Select}; {traverse, first_next} -> {ok, first_next}; {traverse, last_prev} -> {ok, last_prev}; {Key, _} -> badarg; false -> Default = default_option(Key), {ok, Default} end, case V of badarg -> {badarg, Key}; {ok,Value} -> NewOptions = lists:keydelete(Key, 1, Options), options(NewOptions, Keys, [Value | L]) end; options(Options, [], L) -> [lists:reverse(L), Options]. default_option(traverse) -> select; default_option(n_objects) -> 100. listify(L) when is_list(L) -> L; listify(T) -> [T]. %% End of table/2. %% Print info about all tabs on the tty -spec i() -> 'ok'. i() -> hform('id', 'name', 'type', 'size', 'mem', 'owner'), io:format(" -------------------------------------" "---------------------------------------\n"), lists:foreach(fun prinfo/1, tabs()), ok. tabs() -> lists:sort(ets:all()). prinfo(Tab) -> case catch prinfo2(Tab) of {'EXIT', _} -> io:format("~-10s ... unreadable \n", [to_string(Tab)]); ok -> ok end. prinfo2(Tab) -> Name = ets:info(Tab, name), Type = ets:info(Tab, type), Size = ets:info(Tab, size), Mem = ets:info(Tab, memory), Owner = ets:info(Tab, owner), hform(Tab, Name, Type, Size, Mem, is_reg(Owner)). is_reg(Owner) -> case process_info(Owner, registered_name) of {registered_name, Name} -> Name; _ -> Owner end. %%% Arndt: this code used to truncate over-sized fields. Now it %%% pushes the remaining entries to the right instead, rather than %%% losing information. hform(A0, B0, C0, D0, E0, F0) -> [A,B,C,D,E,F] = [to_string(T) || T <- [A0,B0,C0,D0,E0,F0]], A1 = pad_right(A, 15), B1 = pad_right(B, 17), C1 = pad_right(C, 5), D1 = pad_right(D, 6), E1 = pad_right(E, 8), %% no need to pad the last entry on the line io:format(" ~s ~s ~s ~s ~s ~s\n", [A1,B1,C1,D1,E1,F]). pad_right(String, Len) -> if length(String) >= Len -> String; true -> [Space] = " ", String ++ lists:duplicate(Len - length(String), Space) end. to_string(X) -> lists:flatten(io_lib:format("~p", [X])). %% view a specific table -spec i(Tab) -> 'ok' when Tab :: tab(). i(Tab) -> i(Tab, 40). -spec i(tab(), pos_integer()) -> 'ok'. i(Tab, Height) -> i(Tab, Height, 80). -spec i(tab(), pos_integer(), pos_integer()) -> 'ok'. i(Tab, Height, Width) -> First = ets:first(Tab), display_items(Height, Width, Tab, First, 1, 1). display_items(Height, Width, Tab, '$end_of_table', Turn, Opos) -> P = 'EOT (q)uit (p)Digits (k)ill /Regexp -->', choice(Height, Width, P, eot, Tab, '$end_of_table', Turn, Opos); display_items(Height, Width, Tab, Key, Turn, Opos) when Turn < Height -> do_display(Height, Width, Tab, Key, Turn, Opos); display_items(Height, Width, Tab, Key, Turn, Opos) when Turn >= Height -> P = '(c)ontinue (q)uit (p)Digits (k)ill /Regexp -->', choice(Height, Width, P, normal, Tab, Key, Turn, Opos). choice(Height, Width, P, Mode, Tab, Key, Turn, Opos) -> case get_line(P, "c\n") of "c\n" when Mode =:= normal -> do_display(Height, Width, Tab, Key, 1, Opos); "c\n" when is_tuple(Mode), element(1, Mode) =:= re -> {re, Re} = Mode, re_search(Height, Width, Tab, Key, Re, 1, Opos); "q\n" -> ok; "k\n" -> ets:delete(Tab), ok; [$p|Digs] -> catch case catch list_to_integer(nonl(Digs)) of {'EXIT', _} -> io:put_chars("Bad digits\n"); Number when Mode =:= normal -> print_number(Tab, ets:first(Tab), Number); Number when Mode =:= eot -> print_number(Tab, ets:first(Tab), Number); Number -> %% regexp {re, Re} = Mode, print_re_num(Tab, ets:first(Tab), Number, Re) end, choice(Height, Width, P, Mode, Tab, Key, Turn, Opos); [$/|Regexp] -> %% from regexp case re:compile(nonl(Regexp)) of {ok,Re} -> re_search(Height, Width, Tab, ets:first(Tab), Re, 1, 1); {error,{ErrorString,_Pos}} -> io:format("~ts\n", [ErrorString]), choice(Height, Width, P, Mode, Tab, Key, Turn, Opos) end; _ -> choice(Height, Width, P, Mode, Tab, Key, Turn, Opos) end. get_line(P, Default) -> case line_string(io:get_line(P)) of "\n" -> Default; L -> L end. %% If the standard input is set to binary mode %% convert it to a list so we can properly match. line_string(Binary) when is_binary(Binary) -> unicode:characters_to_list(Binary); line_string(Other) -> Other. nonl(S) -> string:strip(S, right, $\n). print_number(Tab, Key, Num) -> Os = ets:lookup(Tab, Key), Len = length(Os), if (Num - Len) < 1 -> O = lists:nth(Num, Os), io:format("~p~n", [O]); %% use ppterm here instead true -> print_number(Tab, ets:next(Tab, Key), Num - Len) end. do_display(Height, Width, Tab, Key, Turn, Opos) -> Objs = ets:lookup(Tab, Key), do_display_items(Height, Width, Objs, Opos), Len = length(Objs), display_items(Height, Width, Tab, ets:next(Tab, Key), Turn+Len, Opos+Len). do_display_items(Height, Width, [Obj|Tail], Opos) -> do_display_item(Height, Width, Obj, Opos), do_display_items(Height, Width, Tail, Opos+1); do_display_items(_Height, _Width, [], Opos) -> Opos. do_display_item(_Height, Width, I, Opos) -> L = to_string(I), L2 = if length(L) > Width - 8 -> string:substr(L, 1, Width-13) ++ " ..."; true -> L end, io:format("<~-4w> ~s~n", [Opos,L2]). re_search(Height, Width, Tab, '$end_of_table', Re, Turn, Opos) -> P = 'EOT (q)uit (p)Digits (k)ill /Regexp -->', choice(Height, Width, P, {re, Re}, Tab, '$end_of_table', Turn, Opos); re_search(Height, Width, Tab, Key, Re, Turn, Opos) when Turn < Height -> re_display(Height, Width, Tab, Key, ets:lookup(Tab, Key), Re, Turn, Opos); re_search(Height, Width, Tab, Key, Re, Turn, Opos) -> P = '(c)ontinue (q)uit (p)Digits (k)ill /Regexp -->', choice(Height, Width, P, {re, Re}, Tab, Key, Turn, Opos). re_display(Height, Width, Tab, Key, [], Re, Turn, Opos) -> re_search(Height, Width, Tab, ets:next(Tab, Key), Re, Turn, Opos); re_display(Height, Width, Tab, Key, [H|T], Re, Turn, Opos) -> Str = to_string(H), case re:run(Str, Re, [{capture,none}]) of match -> do_display_item(Height, Width, H, Opos), re_display(Height, Width, Tab, Key, T, Re, Turn+1, Opos+1); nomatch -> re_display(Height, Width, Tab, Key, T, Re, Turn, Opos) end. print_re_num(_,'$end_of_table',_,_) -> ok; print_re_num(Tab, Key, Num, Re) -> Os = re_match(ets:lookup(Tab, Key), Re), Len = length(Os), if (Num - Len) < 1 -> O = lists:nth(Num, Os), io:format("~p~n", [O]); %% use ppterm here instead true -> print_re_num(Tab, ets:next(Tab, Key), Num - Len, Re) end. re_match([], _) -> []; re_match([H|T], Re) -> case re:run(to_string(H), Re, [{capture,none}]) of match -> [H|re_match(T,Re)]; nomatch -> re_match(T, Re) end.