%% ===================================================================== %% This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify %% it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as %% published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the %% License, or (at your option) any later version. %% %% This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but %% WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of %% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU %% Lesser General Public License for more details. %% %% You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public %% License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software %% Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 %% USA %% %% @copyright 1998-2014 Richard Carlsson %% @author Richard Carlsson %% @end %% ===================================================================== %% @doc Igor: the Module Merger and Renamer. %% %% The program Igor merges the source code of one or more Erlang %% modules into a single module, which can then replace the original set %% of modules. Igor is also able to rename a set of (possibly %% interdependent) modules, without joining them into a single %% module. %% %% The main user interface consists of the functions {@link merge/3} and %% {@link rename/3}. See also the function {@link parse_transform/2}. %% %% A note of warning: Igor cannot do anything about the case when the %% name of a remote function is passed to the built-in functions %% `apply' and `spawn' unless the module %% and function names are explicitly stated in the call, as in e.g. %% `apply(lists, reverse, [Xs])'. In all other cases, Igor %% leaves such calls unchanged, and warns the user that manual editing %% might be necessary. %% %% Also note that Erlang records will be renamed as necessary to %% avoid non-equivalent definitions using the same record name. This %% does not work if the source code accesses the name field of such %% record tuples by `element/2' or similar methods. Always %% use the record syntax to handle record tuples, if possible. %% %% Disclaimer: the author of this program takes no responsibility for %% the correctness of the produced output, or for any effects of its %% execution. In particular, the author may not be held responsible %% should Igor include the code of a deceased madman in the result. %% %% For further information on Igors in general, see e.g. "Young %% Frankenstein", Mel Brooks, 1974, and "The Fifth Elephant", Terry %% Pratchett, 1999. %% @end %% ===================================================================== %% This program is named after the character Igor, assistant to Dr. %% Frankenstein, in the 1939 film "Son of Frankenstein" (with Boris %% Karloff playing The Monster for the last time; Igor was played by %% Bela Lugosi). Igor's job (in the film) was mainly to bring reasonably %% fresh parts of various human corpses to the good Doctor, for his %% purpose of reanimating them in the shape of a new formidable, living %% creature. %% %% Merging code is done by joining the sources, possibly changing the %% order of declarations as necessary, renaming functions and records to %% avoid name clashes, and changing remote calls to local calls where %% possible. Stub modules may be automatically generated to redirect any %% calls that still use the old names. Indirectly, code merging can be %% used to simply rename a set of modules. %% %% What Igor does not do is to optimise the resulting code, which %% typically can benefit from techniques such as inlining, constant %% folding, specialisation, etc. This task is left to the Doctor. %% (Luckily, Igor can call on Inga to do some cleanup; cf. 'erl_tidy'.) %% TODO: FIXME: don't remove module qualifier if name is (auto-)imported! %% TODO: handle merging of parameterized modules (somehow). %% TODO: check for redefinition of macros; check equivalence; comment out. %% TODO: {export, [E]}, E = atom() | {atom(), atom(), integer()}. %% TODO: improve documentation. %% TODO: optionally rename all functions from specified (or all) modules. -module(igor). -export([create_stubs/2, merge/2, merge/3, merge_files/3, merge_files/4, merge_sources/3, parse_transform/2, rename/2, rename/3]). -include_lib("kernel/include/file.hrl"). %% ===================================================================== %% Global Constants -define(NOTE_HEADER, "Note from Igor: "). -define(COMMENT_PREFIX, "% "). -define(COMMENT_BAR, "=======================" "=======================" "======================="). -define(NOTE_PREFIX, "%! "). -define(KILL_PREFIX, "%<<< "). -define(DEFAULT_INCLUDES, ["."]). -define(DEFAULT_MACROS, []). -define(DEFAULT_SUFFIX, ".erl"). -define(DEFAULT_BACKUP_SUFFIX, ".bak"). -define(DEFAULT_DIR, ""). -define(DEFAULT_STUB_DIR, "stubs"). -define(TIDY_OPTS, [quiet]). %% This may also be used in patterns. R must not be an integer, i.e., %% the structure must be distinct from function names. -define(record_name(R), {record, R}). %% ===================================================================== %% Data structure for module information -record(module, {name :: atom(), vars = none :: [atom()] | 'none', functions :: ordsets:ordset({atom(), arity()}), exports :: ordsets:ordset({atom(), arity()}) | ordsets:ordset({{atom(), arity()}, term()}), aliases :: ordsets:ordset({{atom(), arity()}, {atom(), {atom(), arity()}}}), attributes :: ordsets:ordset({atom(), term()}), records :: [{atom(), [{atom(), term()}]}] }). %% The default pretty-printing function. default_printer(Tree, Options) -> erl_prettypr:format(Tree, Options). %% ===================================================================== -type option() :: atom() | {atom(), term()}. -type attribute() :: {atom(), term()}. -type moduleName() :: atom(). -type functionName() :: {atom(), arity()}. -type functionPair() :: {functionName(), {moduleName(), functionName()}}. -type stubDescriptor() :: {moduleName(), [functionPair()], [attribute()]}. -type notes() :: 'always' | 'yes' | 'no'. %% ===================================================================== %% @spec parse_transform(Forms::[syntaxTree()], Options::[term()]) -> %% [syntaxTree()] %% %% syntaxTree() = erl_syntax:syntaxTree() %% %% @doc Allows Igor to work as a component of the Erlang compiler. %% Including the term `{parse_transform, igor}' in the %% compile options when compiling an Erlang module (cf. %% `compile:file/2'), will call upon Igor to process the %% source code, allowing automatic inclusion of other source files. No %% files are created or overwritten when this function is used. %% %% Igor will look for terms `{igor, List}' in the compile %% options, where `List' is a list of Igor-specific options, %% as follows: %%
%%
`{files, [filename()]}'
%%
The value specifies a list of source files to be merged with %% the file being compiled; cf. `merge_files/4'.
%%
%% %% See `merge_files/4' for further options. Note, however, %% that some options are preset by this function and cannot be %% overridden by the user; in particular, all cosmetic features are %% turned off, for efficiency. Preprocessing is turned on. %% %% @see merge_files/4 %% @see //compiler/compile:file/2 -spec parse_transform(erl_syntax:forms(), [option()]) -> [erl_syntax:syntaxTree()]. parse_transform(Forms, Options) -> M = get_module_info(Forms), Name = M#module.name, Opts = proplists:append_values(igor, Options), Files = proplists:append_values(files, Opts), %% We turn off all features that are only cosmetic, and make sure to %% turn on preservation of `file' attributes. Opts1 = [{comments, false}, {notes, no}, {no_imports, true}, {file_attributes, yes}, {preprocess, true}, {export, [Name]} | Opts], {T, _} = merge_files(Name, [Forms], Files, Opts1), verbose("done.", Opts1), erl_syntax:revert_forms(T). %% ===================================================================== %% @spec merge(Name::atom(), Files::[filename()]) -> [filename()] %% @equiv merge(Name, Files, []) -spec merge(atom(), [file:filename()]) -> [file:filename(),...]. merge(Name, Files) -> merge(Name, Files, []). %% ===================================================================== %% @spec merge(Name::atom(), Files::[filename()], Options::[term()]) -> %% [filename()] %% %% filename() = file:filename() %% %% @doc Merges source code files to a single file. `Name' %% specifies the name of the resulting module - not the name of the %% output file. `Files' is a list of file names and/or module %% names of source modules to be read and merged (see %% `merge_files/4' for details). All the input modules must %% be distinctly named. %% %% The resulting source code is written to a file named %% "`Name.erl'" in the current directory, unless %% otherwise specified by the options `dir' and %% `outfile' described below. %% %% Examples: %% %% %% Stub module files are created for those modules that are to be %% exported by the target module (see options `export', %% `stubs' and `stub_dir'). %% %% The function returns the list of file names of all created %% modules, including any automatically created stub modules. The file %% name of the target module is always first in the list. %% %% Note: If you get a "syntax error" message when trying to merge %% files (and you know those files to be correct), then try the %% `preprocess' option. It typically means that your code %% contains too strange macros to be handled without actually performing %% the preprocessor expansions. %% %% Options: %%
%%
`{backup_suffix, string()}'
%% %%
Specifies the file name suffix to be used when a backup file %% is created; the default value is `".bak"'.
%% %%
`{backups, boolean()}'
%% %%
If the value is `true', existing files will be %% renamed before new files are opened for writing. The new names %% are formed by appending the string given by the %% `backup_suffix' option to the original name. The %% default value is `true'.
%% %%
`{dir, filename()}'
%% %%
Specifies the name of the directory in which the output file %% is to be written. An empty string is interpreted as the current %% directory. By default, the current directory is used.
%% %%
`{outfile, filename()}'
%% %%
Specifies the name of the file (without suffix) to which the %% resulting source code is to be written. By default, this is the %% same as the `Name' argument.
%% %%
`{preprocess, boolean()}'
%% %%
If the value is `true', preprocessing will be done %% when reading the source code. See `merge_files/4' for %% details.
%% %%
`{printer, Function}'
%%
    %%
  • `Function = (syntaxTree()) -> string()'
    • %%
%% Specifies a function for prettyprinting Erlang syntax trees. %% This is used for outputting the resulting module definition, as %% well as for creating stub files. The function is assumed to %% return formatted text for the given syntax tree, and should raise %% an exception if an error occurs. The default formatting function %% calls `erl_prettypr:format/2'.
%% %%
`{stub_dir, filename()}'
%% %%
Specifies the name of the directory to which any generated %% stub module files are written. The default value is %% `"stubs"'.
%% %%
`{stubs, boolean()}'
%% %%
If the value is `true', stub module files will be %% automatically generated for all exported modules that do not have %% the same name as the target module. The default value is %% `true'.
%% %%
`{suffix, string()}'
%% %%
Specifies the suffix to be used for the output file names; %% the default value is `".erl"'.
%%
%% %% See `merge_files/4' for further options. %% %% @see merge/2 %% @see merge_files/4 %% The defaults for 'merge' are also used for 'create_stubs'. -define(DEFAULT_MERGE_OPTS, [{backup_suffix, ?DEFAULT_BACKUP_SUFFIX}, backups, {dir, ?DEFAULT_DIR}, {printer, fun default_printer/2}, {stub_dir, ?DEFAULT_STUB_DIR}, stubs, {suffix, ?DEFAULT_SUFFIX}, {verbose, false}]). -spec merge(atom(), [file:filename()], [option()]) -> [file:filename(),...]. merge(Name, Files, Opts) -> Opts1 = Opts ++ ?DEFAULT_MERGE_OPTS, {Sources, Enc} = merge_files1(Files, Opts1), {Tree, Stubs} = merge_sources(Name, Sources, Opts1), Dir = proplists:get_value(dir, Opts1, ""), Filename = proplists:get_value(outfile, Opts1, Name), Encoding = [{encoding, Enc} || Enc =/= none], File = write_module(Tree, Filename, Dir, Encoding ++ Opts1), [File | maybe_create_stubs(Stubs, Opts1)]. %% ===================================================================== %% @spec merge_files(Name::atom(), Files::[filename()], %% Options::[term()]) -> %% {syntaxTree(), [stubDescriptor()]} %% @equiv merge_files(Name, [], Files, Options) -spec merge_files(atom(), [file:filename()], [option()]) -> {erl_syntax:syntaxTree(), [stubDescriptor()]}. merge_files(Name, Files, Options) -> merge_files(Name, [], Files, Options). %% ===================================================================== %% @spec merge_files(Name::atom(), Sources::[Forms], %% Files::[filename()], Options::[term()]) -> %% {syntaxTree(), [stubDescriptor()]} %% Forms = syntaxTree() | [syntaxTree()] %% %% @doc Merges source code files and syntax trees to a single syntax %% tree. This is a file-reading front end to %% `merge_sources/3'. `Name' specifies the name of %% the resulting module - not the name of the output file. %% `Sources' is a list of syntax trees and/or lists of %% "source code form" syntax trees, each entry representing a module %% definition. `Files' is a list of file names and/or module %% names of source modules to be read and included. All the input %% modules must be distinctly named. %% %% If a name in `Files' is not the name of an existing %% file, Igor assumes it represents a module name, and tries to locate %% and read the corresponding source file. The parsed files are appended %% to `Sources' and passed on to %% `merge_sources/3', i.e., entries in `Sources' %% are listed before entries read from files. %% %% If no exports are listed by an `export' option (see %% `merge_sources/3' for details), then if `Name' %% is also the name of one of the input modules, that module will be %% exported; otherwise, the first listed module will be exported. Cf. %% the examples under `merge/3'. %% %% The result is a pair `{Tree, Stubs}', where %% `Tree' represents the source code that is the result of %% merging all the code in `Sources' and `Files', %% and `Stubs' is a list of stub module descriptors (see %% `merge_sources/3' for details). %% %% Options: %%
%%
`{comments, boolean()}'
%% %%
If the value is `true', source code comments in %% the original files will be preserved in the output. The default %% value is `true'.
%% %%
`{find_src_rules, [{string(), string()}]}'
%% %%
Specifies a list of rules for associating object files with %% source files, to be passed to the function %% `filename:find_src/2'. This can be used to change the %% way Igor looks for source files. If this option is not specified, %% the default system rules are used. The first occurrence of this %% option completely overrides any later in the option list.
%% %%
`{includes, [filename()]}'
%% %%
Specifies a list of directory names for the Erlang %% preprocessor, if used, to search for include files (cf. the %% `preprocess' option). The default value is the empty %% list. The directory of the source file and the current directory %% are automatically appended to the list.
%% %%
`{macros, [{atom(), term()}]}'
%% %%
Specifies a list of "pre-defined" macro definitions for the %% Erlang preprocessor, if used (cf. the `preprocess' %% option). The default value is the empty list.
%% %%
`{preprocess, boolean()}'
%% %%
If the value is `false', Igor will read source %% files without passing them through the Erlang preprocessor %% (`epp'), in order to avoid expansion of preprocessor %% directives such as `-include(...).', %% `-define(...).' and `-ifdef(...)', and %% macro calls such as `?LINE' and `?MY_MACRO(x, %% y)'. The default value is `false', i.e., %% preprocessing is not done. (See the module %% `epp_dodger' for details.) %% %% Notes: If a file contains too exotic definitions or uses of %% macros, it will not be possible to read it without preprocessing. %% Furthermore, Igor does not currently try to sort out multiple %% inclusions of the same file, or redefinitions of the same macro %% name. Therefore, when preprocessing is turned off, it may become %% necessary to edit the resulting source code, removing such %% re-inclusions and redefinitions.
%%
%% %% See `merge_sources/3' for further options. %% %% @see merge/3 %% @see merge_files/3 %% @see merge_sources/3 %% @see //stdlib/filename:find_src/2 %% @see epp_dodger -spec merge_files(atom(), erl_syntax:forms(), [file:filename()], [option()]) -> {erl_syntax:syntaxTree(), [stubDescriptor()]}. merge_files(Name, Trees, Files, Opts) -> {Sources, _Encoding} = merge_files1(Files, Opts), merge_sources(Name, Trees ++ Sources, Opts). merge_files1([], _) -> report_error("no files to merge."), exit(badarg); merge_files1(Files, Opts) -> Opts1 = Opts ++ [{includes, ?DEFAULT_INCLUDES}, {macros, ?DEFAULT_MACROS}, {preprocess, false}, comments], SourceEncodings = [read_module(F, Opts1) || F <- Files], {Sources, [Encoding | _]} = lists:unzip(SourceEncodings), {Sources, Encoding}. %% ===================================================================== %% @spec merge_sources(Name::atom(), Sources::[Forms], %% Options::[term()]) -> %% {syntaxTree(), [stubDescriptor()]} %% %% Forms = syntaxTree() | [syntaxTree()] %% %% @type stubDescriptor() = {ModuleName, Functions, [Attribute]} %% ModuleName = atom() %% Functions = [{FunctionName, {ModuleName, FunctionName}}] %% FunctionName = {atom(), integer()} %% Attribute = {atom(), term()}. %% %% A stub module descriptor contains the module name, a list of %% exported functions, and a list of module attributes. Each %% function is described by its name (which includes its arity), %% and the corresponding module and function that it calls. (The %% arities should always match.) The attributes are simply %% described by key-value pairs. %% %% @doc Merges syntax trees to a single syntax tree. This is the main %% code merging "engine". `Name' specifies the name of the %% resulting module. `Sources' is a list of syntax trees of %% type `form_list' and/or lists of "source code form" syntax %% trees, each entry representing a module definition. All the input %% modules must be distinctly named. %% %% Unless otherwise specified by the options, all modules are assumed %% to be at least "static", and all except the target module are assumed %% to be "safe". See the `static' and `safe' %% options for details. %% %% If `Name' is also the name of one of the input modules, %% the code from that module will occur at the top of the resulting %% code, and no extra "header" comments will be added. In other words, %% the look of that module will be preserved. %% %% The result is a pair `{Tree, Stubs}', where %% `Tree' represents the source code that is the result of %% merging all the code in `Sources', and `Stubs' %% is a list of stub module descriptors (see below). %% %% `Stubs' contains one entry for each exported input %% module (cf. the `export' option), each entry describing a %% stub module that redirects calls of functions in the original module %% to the corresponding (possibly renamed) functions in the new module. %% The stub descriptors can be used to automatically generate stub %% modules; see `create_stubs/2'. %% %% Options: %%
%%
`{export, [atom()]}'
%% %%
Specifies a list of names of input modules whose interfaces %% should be exported by the output module. A stub descriptor is %% generated for each specified module, unless its name is %% `Name'. If no modules are specified, then if %% `Name' is also the name of an input module, that %% module will be exported; otherwise the first listed module in %% `Sources' will be exported. The default value is the %% empty list.
%% %%
`{export_all, boolean()}'
%% %%
If the value is `true', this is equivalent to %% listing all of the input modules in the `export' %% option. The default value is `false'.
%% %%
`{file_attributes, Preserve}'
%%
    %%
  • `Preserve = yes | comment | no'
    • %%
%% If the value is `yes', all file attributes %% `-file(...)' in the input sources will be preserved in %% the resulting code. If the value is `comment', they %% will be turned into comments, but remain in their original %% positions in the code relative to the other source code forms. If %% the value is `no', all file attributes will be removed %% from the code, unless they have attached comments, in which case %% they will be handled as in the `comment' case. The %% default value is `no'.
%% %%
`{no_banner, boolean()}'
%% %%
If the value is `true', no banner comment will be %% added at the top of the resulting module, even if the target %% module does not have the same name as any of the input modules. %% Instead, Igor will try to preserve the look of the module whose %% code is at the top of the output. The default value is %% `false'.
%% %%
`{no_headers, boolean()}'
%% %%
If the value is `true', no header comments will be %% added to the resulting module at the beginning of each section of %% code that originates from a particular input module. The default %% value is `false', which means that section headers are %% normally added whenever more than two or more modules are %% merged.
%% %%
`{no_imports, boolean()}'
%% %%
If the value is `true', all %% `-import(...)' declarations in the original code will %% be expanded in the result; otherwise, as much as possible of the %% original import declarations will be preserved. The default value %% is `false'.
%% %%
`{notes, Notes}'
%%
    %%
  • `Notes = always | yes | no'
    • %%
%% If the value is `yes', comments will be inserted where %% important changes have been made in the code. If the value is %% `always', all changes to the code will be %% commented. If the value is `no', changes will be made %% without comments. The default value is `yes'.
%% %%
`{redirect, [{atom(), atom()}]}'
%% %%
Specifies a list of pairs of module names, representing a %% mapping from old names to new. The set of old names may not %% include any of the names of the input modules. All calls to %% the listed old modules will be rewritten to refer to the %% corresponding new modules. The redirected calls will not be %% further processed, even if the new destination is in one of the %% input modules. This option mainly exists to support module %% renaming; cf. `rename/3'. The default value is the %% empty list.
%% %%
`{safe, [atom()]}'
%% %%
Specifies a list of names of input modules such that calls to %% these "safe" modules may be turned into direct local calls, that %% do not test for code replacement. Typically, this can be done for %% e.g. standard library modules. If a module is "safe", it is per %% definition also "static" (cf. below). The list may be empty. By %% default, all involved modules except the target module %% are considered "safe".
%% %%
`{static, [atom()]}'
%% %%
Specifies a list of names of input modules which will be %% assumed never to be replaced (reloaded) unless the target module %% is also first replaced. The list may be empty. The target module %% itself (which may also be one of the input modules) is always %% regarded as "static", regardless of the value of this option. By %% default, all involved modules are assumed to be static.
%% %%
`{tidy, boolean()}'
%% %%
If the value is `true', the resulting code will be %% processed using the `erl_tidy' module, which removes %% unused functions and does general code cleanup. (See %% `erl_tidy:module/2' for additional options.) The %% default value is `true'.
%% %%
`{verbose, boolean()}'
%% %%
If the value is `true', progress messages will be %% output while the program is running; the default value is %% `false'.
%%
%% %% Note: The distinction between "static" and "safe" modules is %% necessary in order not to break the semantics of dynamic code %% replacement. A "static" source module will not be replaced unless the %% target module also is. Now imagine a state machine implemented by %% placing the code for each state in a separate module, and suppose %% that we want to merge this into a single target module, marking all %% source modules as static. At each point in the original code where a %% call is made from one of the modules to another (i.e., the state %% transitions), code replacement is expected to be detected. Then, if %% we in the merged code do not check at these points if the %% target module (the result of the merge) has been replaced, %% we can not be sure in general that we will be able to do code %% replacement of the merged state machine - it could run forever %% without detecting the code change. Therefore, all such calls must %% remain remote-calls (detecting code changes), but may call the target %% module directly. %% %% If we are sure that this kind of situation cannot ensue, we may %% specify the involved modules as "safe", and all calls between them %% will become local. Note that if the target module itself is specified %% as safe, "remote" calls to itself will be turned into local calls. %% This would destroy the code replacement properties of e.g. a typical %% server loop. %% %% @see create_stubs/2 %% @see rename/3 %% @see erl_tidy:module/2 %% Currently, there is no run-time support in Erlang for detecting %% whether some module has been changed since the current module was %% loaded. Therefore, if a source module is specified as non-static, not %% much will be gained from merging: a call to a non-static module will %% remain a remote call using the old module name, even when it is %% performed from within the merged code. If that module is specified as %% exported, the old name could then refer to an auto-generated stub, %% redirecting the call back to the corresponding function in the target %% module. This could possibly be useful in some cases, but efficiency %% is not improved by such a transformation. If support for efficient %% testing for module updates is added to Erlang in future versions, %% code merging will be able to use local calls even for non-static %% source modules, opening the way for compiler optimisations over the %% module boundaries. %% Data structure for merging environment. -record(merge, {target :: atom(), sources :: ordsets:ordset(atom()), export :: ordsets:ordset(atom()), static :: ordsets:ordset(atom()), safe :: ordsets:ordset(atom()), preserved :: boolean(), no_headers :: boolean(), notes :: notes(), redirect :: dict:dict(atom(), atom()), no_imports :: ordsets:ordset(atom()), options :: [option()] }). -spec merge_sources(atom(), [erl_syntax:forms()], [option()]) -> {erl_syntax:syntaxTree(), [stubDescriptor()]}. merge_sources(Name, Sources, Opts) -> %% Prepare the options and the inputs. Opts1 = Opts ++ [{export_all, false}, {file_attributes, no}, {no_imports, false}, {notes, yes}, tidy, {verbose, false}], Trees = case Sources of [] -> report_error("no sources to merge."), exit(badarg); _ -> [if is_list(M) -> erl_syntax:form_list(M); true -> M end || M <- Sources] end, %% There must be at least one module to work with. Modules = [get_module_info(T) || T <- Trees], merge_sources_1(Name, Modules, Trees, Opts1). %% Data structure for keeping state during transformation. -record(state, {export :: sets:set(atom(), arity())}). state__add_export(Name, Arity, S) -> S#state{export = sets:add_element({Name, Arity}, S#state.export)}. merge_sources_1(Name, Modules, Trees, Opts) -> %% Get the (nonempty) list of source module names, in the given %% order. Multiple occurrences of the same source module name are %% not accepted. Ns = [M#module.name || M <- Modules], case duplicates(Ns) of [] -> ok; Ns1 -> report_error("same module names repeated in input: ~p.", [Ns1]), exit(error) end, Sources = ordsets:from_list(Ns), All = ordsets:add_element(Name, Sources), %% Initialise the merging environment from the given options. %% %% If the `export' option is the empty list, then if the target %% module is the same as one of the sources, that module will be %% exported; otherwise the first listed source module is exported. %% This simplifies use in most cases, and guarantees that the %% generated module has a well-defined interface. If `export_all' is %% `true', we expand it here by including the set of source module %% names. Es = case proplists:append_values(export, Opts) of [] -> case ordsets:is_element(Name, Sources) of true -> [Name]; false -> [hd(Ns)] end; Es1 when is_list(Es1) -> ordsets:from_list(Es1) end, Export = case proplists:get_bool(export_all, Opts) of false -> Es; true -> ordsets:union(Sources, Es) end, check_module_names(Export, Sources, "declared as exported"), verbose("modules exported from `~w': ~p.", [Name, Export], Opts), %% The target module is always "static". (Particularly useful when %% the target is the same as one of the source modules). It is %% however not "safe" by default. If no modules are explicitly %% specified as static, it is assumed that *all* are static. Static0 = ordsets:from_list(proplists:append_values(static, Opts)), Static = case proplists:is_defined(static, Opts) of false -> All; true -> ordsets:add_element(Name, Static0) end, check_module_names(Static, All, "declared 'static'"), verbose("static modules: ~p.", [Static], Opts), %% If no modules are explicitly specified as "safe", it is assumed %% that *all* source modules are "safe" except the target module and %% those explicitly specified as "static". Safe = case proplists:is_defined(safe, Opts) of false -> ordsets:subtract(Sources, ordsets:add_element(Name, Static0)); true -> ordsets:from_list( proplists:append_values(safe, Opts)) end, check_module_names(Safe, All, "declared 'safe'"), verbose("safe modules: ~p.", [Safe], Opts), Preserved = (ordsets:is_element(Name, Sources) andalso ordsets:is_element(Name, Export)) orelse proplists:get_bool(no_banner, Opts), NoHeaders = proplists:get_bool(no_headers, Opts), Notes = proplists:get_value(notes, Opts, always), Rs = proplists:append_values(redirect, Opts), Redirect = case is_atom_map(Rs) of true -> Ms = ordsets:from_list([M || {M, _} <- Rs]), case ordsets:intersection(Sources, Ms) of [] -> ok; Ms1 -> report_error("cannot redirect calls to " "modules in input set: ~p.", [Ms1]), exit(error) end, dict:from_list(Rs); false -> report_error("bad value for `redirect' option: " "~P.", [Rs, 10]), exit(error) end, NoImports = case proplists:get_bool(no_imports, Opts) of true -> ordsets:from_list(Sources ++ dict:fetch_keys(Redirect)); false -> ordsets:from_list(dict:fetch_keys(Redirect)) end, Env = #merge{target = Name, sources = Sources, export = Export, safe = Safe, static = Static, preserved = Preserved, no_headers = NoHeaders, notes = Notes, redirect = Redirect, no_imports = NoImports, options = Opts}, merge_sources_2(Env, Modules, Trees, Opts). is_atom_map([{A1, A2} | As]) when is_atom(A1), is_atom(A2) -> is_atom_map(As); is_atom_map([]) -> true; is_atom_map(_) -> false. check_module_names(Names, Sources, Txt) -> case Names -- Sources of [] -> ok; Xs -> report_error("unknown modules ~s: ~p.", [Txt, Xs]), exit(error) end. %% This function performs all the stages of the actual merge: merge_sources_2(Env, Modules, Trees, Opts) -> %% Compute the merged name space and the list of renamings. {Names, Renaming} = merge_namespaces(Modules, Env), %% Merge the source module descriptions, computing a structure %% describing the resulting module, and a table of aliases which %% must be expanded. {Module, Expansions} = merge_info(Modules, Names, Renaming, Env), %% Merge the actual source code, also returning the "original %% header" (for the first code section in the output). St = #state{export = sets:new()}, {Tree, Header, St1} = merge_code(Trees, Modules, Expansions, Renaming, Env, St), %% Filter out unwanted program forms and add a preamble to the code, %% making a complete module. Tree1 = erl_syntax:form_list([make_preamble(Module, Header, Env, St1), filter_forms(Tree, Env)]), %% Tidy the final syntax tree (removing unused functions) and return %% it together with the list of stub descriptors. {tidy(Tree1, Opts), make_stubs(Modules, Renaming, Env)}. make_preamble(Module, Header, Env, St) -> Name = Module#module.name, Vars = Module#module.vars, Extras = ordsets:from_list(sets:to_list(St#state.export)), Exports = make_exports(Module#module.exports, Extras), Imports = make_imports(Module#module.aliases), Attributes = make_attributes(Module#module.attributes), erl_syntax:form_list(module_header(Header, Name, Vars, Env) ++ Exports ++ Imports ++ Attributes). %% If the target preserves one of the source modules, we do not generate %% a new header, but use the original. module_header(Forms, Name, Vars, Env) -> case Env#merge.preserved of true -> update_header(Forms, Name, Vars); false -> [comment([?COMMENT_BAR, "This module was formed by merging " "the following modules:", ""] ++ [lists:flatten(io_lib:fwrite("\t\t`~w'", [M])) || M <- Env#merge.sources] ++ ["", timestamp(), ""]), erl_syntax:attribute(erl_syntax:atom('module'), [erl_syntax:atom(Name)])] end. update_header(Fs, Name, Vars) -> [M | Fs1] = lists:reverse(Fs), Ps = if Vars =:= none -> []; true -> [erl_syntax:list([erl_syntax:variable(V) || V <- Vars])] end, M1 = rewrite(M, erl_syntax:attribute(erl_syntax:atom('module'), [erl_syntax:atom(Name) | Ps])), lists:reverse([M1 | Fs1]). %% Some functions may have been noted as necessary to export (because of %% how they are called) even though the user did not specify that the %% modules in which these functions originated should be part of the %% interface of the resulting module. make_exports(Exports, Extras) -> case ordsets:subtract(Extras, Exports) of [] -> [make_export(Exports)]; Es -> [make_export(Exports), comment(["** The following exports " "are not official: **"]), make_export(Es)] end. make_export(Names) -> Es = [erl_syntax:arity_qualifier(erl_syntax:atom(F), erl_syntax:integer(A)) || {F, A} <- Names], if Es =:= [] -> comment(["** Nothing is officially exported " "from this module! **"]); true -> erl_syntax:attribute(erl_syntax:atom('export'), [erl_syntax:list(Es)]) end. %% Any aliases that cannot be expressed using `import' (i.e. those not %% on the form `{F, {M, F}}') are ignored. make_imports(As) -> %% First remove any auto-imports and "non-proper" imports from %% the list. As1 = [A || {F, {_M, F}} = A <- As, not is_auto_import(F)], [make_import(M, Fs) || {M, Fs} <- group_imports(As1)]. make_import(Module, Names) -> Is = [erl_syntax:arity_qualifier(erl_syntax:atom(F), erl_syntax:integer(A)) || {F, A} <- Names], erl_syntax:attribute(erl_syntax:atom('import'), [erl_syntax:atom(Module), erl_syntax:list(Is)]). %% Group aliases by module. group_imports(Imports) -> dict:to_list( lists:foldl( fun ({F, {M, F}}, D) -> case dict:find(M, D) of {ok, V} -> V1 = ordsets:add_element(F, V), dict:store(M, V1, D); error -> dict:store(M, [F], D) end end, dict:new(), Imports)). %% --------------------------------------------------------------------- %% Making stub descriptors %% %% These are generated for all exported modules that are not the target %% module. make_stubs(Modules, Renaming, Env) -> make_stubs_1(Modules, Renaming, Env). make_stubs_1([M | Ms], Renaming, Env) -> Name = M#module.name, if Name =/= Env#merge.target -> case ordsets:is_element(Name, Env#merge.export) of true -> [make_stub(M, Renaming(Name), Env) | make_stubs_1(Ms, Renaming, Env)]; false -> make_stubs_1(Ms, Renaming, Env) end; true -> make_stubs_1(Ms, Renaming, Env) end; make_stubs_1([], _, _) -> []. make_stub(M, Map, Env) -> Target = Env#merge.target, Es = [{F, {Target, Map(F)}} || F <- M#module.exports], {M#module.name, Es, M#module.attributes}. %% --------------------------------------------------------------------- %% Removing and/or out-commenting program forms. The returned form %% sequence tree is not necessarily flat. -type atts() :: 'delete' | 'kill'. -type file_atts() :: 'delete' | 'keep' | 'kill'. -record(filter, {records :: sets:set(atom()), file_attributes :: file_atts(), attributes :: atts()}). filter_forms(Tree, Env) -> Forms = erl_syntax:form_list_elements( erl_syntax:flatten_form_list(Tree)), erl_syntax:form_list(filter_forms_1(Forms, Env)). filter_forms_1(Forms, Env) -> {Fs, _} = filter_forms_2(Forms, Env), lists:reverse(Fs). filter_forms_2(Forms, Env) -> FileAttrsOpt = proplists:get_value(file_attributes, Env#merge.options, comment), %% Sanity check and translation of option value: FileAttrs = case FileAttrsOpt of yes -> keep; no -> delete; comment -> kill; _ -> report_error("invalid value for option " "`file_attributes': ~w.", [FileAttrsOpt]), exit(error) end, Attrs = if length(Env#merge.sources) =:= 1 -> delete; %% keeping the originals looks weird true -> kill end, S = #filter{records = sets:new(), file_attributes = FileAttrs, attributes = Attrs}, lists:foldl( fun (F, {Fs, S0}) -> case filter_form(F, S0) of {keep, S1} -> {[F | Fs], S1}; % keep {kill, S1} -> {[kill_form(F) | Fs], S1}; % kill {delete, S1} -> %% Remove, or kill if it has comments (only %% top-level comments are examined). case erl_syntax:has_comments(F) of false -> {Fs, S1}; true -> {[kill_form(F) | Fs], S1} end end end, {[], S}, Forms). filter_form(F, S) -> case erl_syntax_lib:analyze_form(F) of {attribute, {'file', _}} -> {S#filter.file_attributes, S}; {attribute, {'module', _}} -> {delete, S}; {attribute, {'export', _}} -> {delete, S}; {attribute, {'import', _}} -> {delete, S}; {attribute, {'record', {R, _}}} -> Records = S#filter.records, case sets:is_element(R, Records) of true -> {kill, S}; % already defined above false -> S1 = S#filter{records = sets:add_element(R, Records)}, {keep, S1} end; {attribute, preprocessor} -> {keep, S}; %% keep all preprocessor attributes {attribute, _} -> {S#filter.attributes, S}; %% handle all other attributes {error_marker, _} -> {delete, S}; {warning_marker, _} -> {delete, S}; eof_marker -> {delete, S}; % these must be deleted! _ -> {keep, S} % keep all other Erlang forms end. %% This out-comments (kills) a program form. Any top-level pre-comments %% are moved out, to avoid "nested" comments. kill_form(F) -> F1 = erl_syntax:set_precomments(F, []), F2 = erl_syntax_lib:to_comment(F1, ?KILL_PREFIX), erl_syntax:set_precomments(F2, erl_syntax:get_precomments(F)). %% --------------------------------------------------------------------- %% Merging the name spaces of a set of modules. Returns the final set %% (see module `sets') of names and a total renaming function (atom()) %% -> ({atom(), integer()}) -> {atom(), integer()}. %% %% Names are added in two passes, in order to avoid renaming the %% interface functions whenever possible: all exported functions are %% added to the name space before any nonexported are added, and %% "exported" modules are taken before any other. Thus, the order is: %% %% - exported functions of exported modules %% - exported functions of nonexported modules %% - internal functions of exported modules %% - internal functions of nonexported modules %% %% In fact, only the first group is important, but there might be some %% point in establishing the above order, for better readability of the %% final code. merge_namespaces(Modules, Env) -> Export = Env#merge.export, Split = fun (M) -> ordsets:is_element(M#module.name, Export) end, {M1, M2} = split_list(Split, Modules), R = dict:new(), Acc = {sets:new(), R}, {M3, Acc1} = merge_namespaces_1(M1, Acc), %% Detect and warn about renamed interface functions {_, Maps0} = Acc1, case [{M, dict:to_list(Map)} || {M, Map} <- dict:to_list(Maps0), dict:size(Map) =/= 0] of [] -> ok; Fs -> report_warning("interface functions renamed:\n\t~p.", [Fs]) end, {M4, Acc2} = merge_namespaces_1(M2, Acc1), Ms = M3 ++ M4, Acc3 = merge_namespaces_2(Ms, Acc2), {{Names, Maps}, _} = merge_namespaces_3(Ms, Acc3), {Names, make_renaming_function(Maps)}. %% Adding exported names. (Note that the list gets a new temporary %% format also containing the exports.) This first step initialises the %% Maps "dict-of-dicts" structure. merge_namespaces_1(Modules, Acc) -> lists:mapfoldl( fun (Module, {Names, Maps}) -> Exports = sets:from_list(Module#module.exports), M = Module#module.name, {Names1, Map} = add_function_renamings(M, Exports, Names, dict:new()), Maps1 = dict:store(M, Map, Maps), {{Module, Exports}, {Names1, Maps1}} end, Acc, Modules). %% Adding nonexported names. merge_namespaces_2(Modules, Acc) -> lists:foldl( fun ({Module, Exports}, {Names, Maps}) -> Other = sets:subtract( sets:from_list(Module#module.functions), Exports), M = Module#module.name, Map = dict:fetch(M, Maps), {Names1, Map1} = add_function_renamings(M, Other, Names, Map), Maps1 = dict:store(M, Map1, Maps), {Names1, Maps1} end, Acc, Modules). %% Adding record names. We need to keep a global %% "record-definition-to-new-record-name" mapping RMap while doing this. merge_namespaces_3(Modules, Acc) -> lists:foldl( fun ({Module, _Exports}, {{Names, Maps}, RMap}) -> Records = Module#module.records, M = Module#module.name, Map = dict:fetch(M, Maps), {Names1, Map1, RMap1} = add_record_renamings(M, Records, Names, Map, RMap), Maps1 = dict:store(M, Map1, Maps), {{Names1, Maps1}, RMap1} end, {Acc, dict:new()}, Modules). %% This takes the set of added function names together with the existing %% name set, creates new function names where necessary, and returns the %% final name set together with the list of renamings. add_function_renamings(Module, New, Names, Map) -> Clashes = sets:to_list(sets:intersection(New, Names)), lists:foldl( fun (F = {_, A}, {Names, Map}) when is_integer(A) -> F1 = new_function_name(Module, F, Names), {sets:add_element(F1, Names), dict:store(F, F1, Map)} end, {sets:union(New, Names), Map}, Clashes). %% This is similar to the above, but for record names. Note that we add %% both the record name and the whole definition to the namespace. add_record_renamings(Module, Records, Names, Map, RMap) -> lists:foldl( fun (N = {R, Fs}, {Names, Map, RMap}) -> case sets:is_element(?record_name(R), Names) of true -> %% The name is already in use. case sets:is_element(?record_name(N), Names) of true -> %% We have seen this definition before; %% make sure we use the same name. {R1, _} = remap_record_name(N, RMap), Map1 = dict:store(?record_name(R), ?record_name(R1), Map), {Names, Map1, RMap}; false -> %% Redefinition of existing name. Create %% new name and set up renamings. N1 = {R1, _} = new_record_name(Module, R, Fs, Names), Map1 = dict:store(?record_name(R), ?record_name(R1), Map), RMap1 = dict:store(N, N1, RMap), Names1 = sets:add_element(?record_name(N1), Names), {Names1, Map1, RMap1} end; false -> %% A previously unused record name. Names1 = sets:add_element(?record_name(R), Names), Names2 = sets:add_element(?record_name(N), Names1), {Names2, Map, RMap} end end, {Names, Map, RMap}, Records). remap_record_name(N, Map) -> case dict:find(N, Map) of {ok, N1} -> N1; error -> N end. %% This hides the implementation of the record namespace. Since Map %% yields identity for non-remapped names, the remapped names must be %% stored in wrapped form. map_record_name(R, Map) -> ?record_name(R1) = Map(?record_name(R)), R1. %% When we rename a function, we want the new name to be as close as %% possible to the old, and as informative as possible. Therefore, we %% first prefix it with the name of the originating module, followed by %% two underscore characters, and then if there still is a name clash, %% we suffix the name by "_N", where N is the smallest possible positive %% integer that does not cause a clash. new_function_name(M, {F, A}, Names) -> Base = atom_to_list(M) ++ "__" ++ atom_to_list(F), Name = {list_to_atom(Base), A}, case sets:is_element(Name, Names) of false -> Name; true -> new_function_name(1, A, Base, Names) end. new_function_name(N, Arity, Base, Names) -> Name = {list_to_atom(Base ++ "_" ++ integer_to_list(N)), Arity}, case sets:is_element(Name, Names) of false -> Name; true -> %% Increment counter and try again. new_function_name(N + 1, Arity, Base, Names) end. %% This is pretty much the same as new_function_name, for now. new_record_name(M, R, Fs, Names) -> Base = atom_to_list(M) ++ "__" ++ atom_to_list(R), Name = {list_to_atom(Base), Fs}, case sets:is_element(?record_name(Name), Names) of false -> Name; true -> new_record_name_1(1, Base, Fs, Names) end. new_record_name_1(N, Base, Fs, Names) -> Name = {list_to_atom(Base ++ "_" ++ integer_to_list(N)), Fs}, case sets:is_element(?record_name(Name), Names) of false -> Name; true -> %% Increment counter and try again. new_record_name_1(N + 1, Base, Fs, Names) end. %% This returns a *total* function from the set of module names to the %% set of *total* operators on function names, yielding identity for all %% function names that are not specified in the given partial map %% (ModuleName -> (Name -> Name)). make_renaming_function(Maps) -> fun (Module) -> case dict:find(Module, Maps) of {ok, Map} -> fun (Name) -> case dict:find(Name, Map) of {ok, Name1} -> Name1; % renamed error -> Name % identity end end; error -> %% Other module - yield identity map. fun (Name) -> Name end end end. %% --------------------------------------------------------------------- %% Merging module info records into a target module record, and finding %% necessary alias expansions. Returns `{Module, Expansions}' where %% `Expansions' has type `dict(ModuleName, dict(Alias, FullName))' merge_info(Modules, Names, Renaming, Env) -> Forbid = sets:from_list(Env#merge.no_imports), Expansions = alias_expansions(Modules, Names, Forbid), Module = merge_info_1(Modules, Renaming, Expansions, Env), {Module, Expansions}. merge_info_1(Modules, Renaming, Expansions, Env) -> lists:foldl( fun (M, A) -> Name = M#module.name, Map = Renaming(Name), Functions = join_functions(Map, M#module.functions, A#module.functions), Exports = join_exports(Env, Name, Map, M#module.exports, A#module.exports), Aliases = join_aliases(Name, Expansions, M#module.aliases, A#module.aliases), Attributes = join_attributes(Env, Name, M#module.attributes, A#module.attributes), Records = join_records(Map, M#module.records, A#module.records), A#module{functions = Functions, exports = Exports, aliases = Aliases, attributes = Attributes, records = Records} end, #module{name = Env#merge.target, functions = ordsets:new(), exports = ordsets:new(), aliases = ordsets:new(), attributes = ordsets:new(), records = ordsets:new()}, Modules). %% Functions must be renamed before including. join_functions(Map, Source, Target) -> ordsets:union(ordsets:from_list([Map(A) || A <- Source]), Target). %% Exports also need renaming, and are kept only if their originating %% modules are exported. join_exports(Env, Name, Map, Source, Target) -> case ordsets:is_element(Name, Env#merge.export) of true -> ordsets:union(ordsets:from_list([Map(F) || F <- Source]), Target); false -> Target end. %% Aliases never need renaming; instead we always expand uses which %% could cause name clashes. We must then remove the expanded names from %% the imports of the target. join_aliases(Name, Expansions, Source, Target) -> As = case dict:find(Name, Expansions) of {ok, As1} -> ordsets:from_list(dict:to_list(As1)); error -> [] end, ordsets:union(ordsets:subtract(Source, As), Target). %% We only propagate attributes if the number of source modules is 1 or %% the source module has the same name as the resulting module. join_attributes(Env, Name, Source, Target) -> if Env#merge.target =:= Name -> ordsets:union(Source, Target); true -> if length(Env#merge.sources) =:= 1 -> ordsets:union(Source, Target); true -> Target end end. %% The final record info in itself is not used at present, but we %% compute the join anyway. We apply renaming to records much like we do %% to functions, but records have a separate namespace. join_records(Map, Source, Target) -> Renamed = [{map_record_name(R, Map), Fs} || {R, Fs} <- Source], ordsets:union(ordsets:from_list(Renamed), Target). %% This finds aliases that are in conflict or are for other reasons %% necessary to expand while transforming the code later. It is assumed %% that each module is in itself correct, and thus does not contain %% conflicting definitions of the same alias. %% %% We could of course simply say that *all* aliases, without exception, %% should be expanded, but such a big change in the style of the code %% should not be done unless the user explicitly specifies it. %% %% The returned `Expansions' is a dictionary (module `dict') mapping %% each module name in `Modules' to a dictionary which maps those %% aliases to be expanded for that module to their corresponding full %% names. %% %% Aliases are filtered according to the following rules: %% %% 1. If a name is defined (in some source module) as an alias of a %% name `M:...', where `M' is any of the source modules(*), then %% the definition of that alias should be removed, and all its uses %% (in the same module as the definition) be expanded. %% %% 2. Then, if a name is defined (in some source module) as an %% alias, but the name occurs in the name space of the resulting %% module, then the definition should be removed and all uses (in %% the same module) expanded. %% %% 3. Finally, if a name has two or more distinct alias definitions %% in the source modules, then all definitions of that alias should %% be removed and all uses (in all modules) expanded. (We remove %% all definitions mainly for symmetry.) %% %% (*) It is actually possible for an alias to refer to the module %% in which it is itself defined. However, since we also in this %% case want to expand all uses, we don't have to do any extra work %% to handle it. %% The filtering is done in two stages. alias_expansions(Modules, Names, Forbid) -> Table = alias_expansions_1(Modules, Forbid, Names), alias_expansions_2(Modules, Table). %% First consider each alias in isolation. alias_expansions_1(Modules, Forbid, Names) -> lists:foldl( fun (M, T) -> Map = lists:foldl( fun ({A, F}, T1) -> case keep_alias(A, F, Forbid, Names) of true -> T1; false -> dict:store(A, F, T1) end end, dict:new(), M#module.aliases), dict:store(M#module.name, Map, T) end, dict:new(), Modules). keep_alias(A, {M, _}, Forbid, Names) -> case sets:is_element(M, Forbid) of true -> false; false -> not sets:is_element(A, Names) end. %% In this second stage, we resolve any conflicts that may remain %% because of distinct source modules still containing distinct alias %% definitions of the same name - in that case we remove *all* of them %% (mainly for symmetry). alias_expansions_2(Modules, Table) -> %% Get the set of all alias definitions in all modules (collapsing %% duplicated but equivalent definitions). Aliases = lists:foldl( fun (M, A) -> ordsets:union(A, M#module.aliases) end, ordsets:new(), Modules), %% Get the set of names with multiple (distinct) definitions. Names = duplicates([F || {F, _} <- Aliases]), %% Go through all aliases in all source modules and add necessary %% entries to the expansion-table. We expect that there is an entry %% in the table here for each module. lists:foldl( fun (M, T) -> N = M#module.name, lists:foldl( fun ({A, F}, T1) -> case ordsets:is_element(A, Names) of true -> T2 = dict:fetch(N, T1), dict:store(N, dict:store(A, F, T2), T1); false -> T1 end end, T, M#module.aliases) end, Table, Modules). %% --------------------------------------------------------------------- %% Merging the source code. -type map_fun() :: fun(({atom(), integer()}) -> {atom(), integer()}). %% Data structure for code transformation environment. -record(code, {module :: atom(), target :: atom(), sources :: sets:set(atom()), static :: sets:set(atom()), safe :: sets:set(atom()), preserved :: boolean(), no_headers :: boolean(), notes :: notes(), map :: map_fun(), renaming :: fun((atom()) -> map_fun()), expand :: dict:dict({atom(), integer()}, {atom(), {atom(), integer()}}), redirect :: dict:dict(atom(), atom()) }). %% `Trees' must be a list of syntax trees of type `form_list'. The %% result is a pair `{Result, Header}' where `Result' is a `form_list' %% tree representing the merged code, and if the `preserved' flag is %% set, `Header' is the list of forms up to and including the first %% `-module(...)' declaration, but stripped of any `-file(...)' %% attributes - otherwise `Header' is an empty list. merge_code(Trees, Modules, Expansions, Renaming, Env, St) -> Env1 = #code{target = Env#merge.target, sources = sets:from_list(Env#merge.sources), static = sets:from_list(Env#merge.static), safe = sets:from_list(Env#merge.safe), preserved = Env#merge.preserved, no_headers = Env#merge.no_headers, notes = Env#merge.notes, redirect = Env#merge.redirect, renaming = Renaming}, Code = order_code(Modules, Trees, Env1), {Code1, Header} = case Env1#code.preserved of true -> take_header(Code); false -> {Code, erl_syntax:form_list([])} end, {Forms, St1} = merge_code_1(Code1, Expansions, Env1, St), Tree = erl_syntax:form_list(Forms), {Tree, Header, St1}. merge_code_1(Code, Expansions, Env, St) -> lists:foldr( fun ({Module, T}, {Acc, St0}) -> M = Module#module.name, Expand = case dict:find(M, Expansions) of {ok, Dict} -> Dict; error -> dict:new() end, Env1 = Env#code{module = M, map = (Env#code.renaming)(M), expand = Expand}, {T1, St1} = transform(T, Env1, St0), {[section_header(M, T1, Env1) | Acc], St1} end, {[], St}, Code). %% Pair module info and source code, in the order we want, and flatten %% the form lists. If the name of the target is the same as one of the %% source modules, and the result should preserve the original module, %% the code for that module should be first in the output. order_code(Modules, Trees, Env) -> order_code(Modules, Trees, {}, [], Env). order_code([M | Ms], [T | Ts], First, Rest, Env) -> T1 = erl_syntax:flatten_form_list(T), case (M#module.name =:= Env#code.target) and Env#code.preserved of true -> order_code(Ms, Ts, {M, T1}, Rest, Env); false -> order_code(Ms, Ts, First, [{M, T1} | Rest], Env) end; order_code([], [], First, Rest, _Env) -> Rest1 = lists:reverse(Rest), case First of {} -> Rest1; M -> [M | Rest1] end. %% Extracting the "original" header (the `-module(...)' declaration is %% sure to exist). take_header([{M, T} | Ms]) -> Fs = erl_syntax:form_list_elements(T), {Header, Fs1} = take_header_1(Fs, []), T1 = erl_syntax:form_list(Fs1), {[{M, T1} | Ms], Header}. take_header_1([F | Fs], As) -> case erl_syntax_lib:analyze_form(F) of {'attribute', {'module', _}} -> {lists:reverse([F | As]), Fs}; % done {'attribute', {'file', _}} -> take_header_1(Fs, As); % discard _ -> take_header_1(Fs, [F | As]) % keep end. section_header(Name, Tree, Env) -> N = sets:size(Env#code.sources), if N > 1, Name =/= Env#code.target, Env#code.notes =/= no, Env#code.no_headers =/= true -> Text = io_lib:fwrite("The following code stems " "from module `~w'.", [Name]), Header = comment([?COMMENT_BAR, "", lists:flatten(Text), ""]), erl_syntax:form_list([Header, Tree]); true -> Tree end. transform(Tree, Env, St) -> case erl_syntax:type(Tree) of application -> transform_application(Tree, Env, St); attribute -> transform_attribute(Tree, Env, St); function -> transform_function(Tree, Env, St); implicit_fun -> transform_implicit_fun(Tree, Env, St); rule -> transform_rule(Tree, Env, St); record_expr -> transform_record(Tree, Env, St); record_index_expr -> transform_record(Tree, Env, St); record_access -> transform_record(Tree, Env, St); _ -> default_transform(Tree, Env, St) end. default_transform(Tree, Env, St) -> case erl_syntax:subtrees(Tree) of [] -> {Tree, St}; Gs -> {Gs1, St1} = transform_1(Gs, Env, St), Tree1 = rewrite(Tree, erl_syntax:make_tree( erl_syntax:type(Tree), Gs1)), {Tree1, St1} end. transform_1([G | Gs], Env, St) -> {G1, St1} = transform_list(G, Env, St), {Gs1, St2} = transform_1(Gs, Env, St1), {[G1 | Gs1], St2}; transform_1([], _Env, St) -> {[], St}. transform_list([T | Ts], Env, St) -> {T1, St1} = transform(T, Env, St), {Ts1, St2} = transform_list(Ts, Env, St1), {[T1 | Ts1], St2}; transform_list([], _Env, St) -> {[], St}. %% Renaming function definitions transform_function(T, Env, St) -> {T1, St1} = default_transform(T, Env, St), F = erl_syntax_lib:analyze_function(T1), {V, Text} = case (Env#code.map)(F) of F -> %% Not renamed {none, []}; {Atom, _Arity} -> %% Renamed Cs = erl_syntax:function_clauses(T1), N = rename_atom( erl_syntax:function_name(T1), Atom), T2 = erl_syntax:function(N, Cs), {{value, T2}, renaming_note(Atom)} end, {maybe_modified(V, T1, 2, Text, Env), St1}. renaming_note(Name) -> [lists:flatten(io_lib:fwrite("renamed function to `~w'", [Name]))]. rename_atom(Node, Atom) -> rewrite(Node, erl_syntax:atom(Atom)). %% Renaming Mnemosyne rules (just like function definitions) transform_rule(T, Env, St) -> {T1, St1} = default_transform(T, Env, St), F = erl_syntax_lib:analyze_rule(T1), {V, Text} = case (Env#code.map)(F) of F -> %% Not renamed {none, []}; {Atom, _Arity} -> %% Renamed Cs = erl_syntax:rule_clauses(T1), N = rename_atom( erl_syntax:rule_name(T1), Atom), T2 = rewrite(T1, erl_syntax:rule(N, Cs)), {{value, T2}, renaming_note(Atom)} end, {maybe_modified(V, T1, 2, Text, Env), St1}. %% Renaming "implicit fun" expressions (done quietly). transform_implicit_fun(T, Env, St) -> {T1, St1} = default_transform(T, Env, St), {V, Text} = case erl_syntax:type(erl_syntax:implicit_fun_name(T1)) of arity_qualifier -> F = erl_syntax_lib:analyze_implicit_fun(T1), case (Env#code.map)(F) of F -> %% Not renamed {none, []}; {Atom, Arity} -> %% Renamed N = rewrite( erl_syntax:implicit_fun_name(T1), erl_syntax:arity_qualifier( erl_syntax:atom(Atom), erl_syntax:integer(Arity))), T2 = erl_syntax:implicit_fun(N), {{value, T2}, ["function was renamed"]} end; module_qualifier -> {none, []} end, {maybe_modified_quiet(V, T1, 2, Text, Env), St1}. %% Transforming function applications transform_application(T, Env, St) -> %% We transform the arguments first, so we can concentrate on the %% application itself after that point. {As, St1} = transform_list( erl_syntax:application_arguments(T), Env, St), F = erl_syntax:application_operator(T), %% See if the operator is an explicit function name. %% (Usually, this will be the case.) case catch {ok, erl_syntax_lib:analyze_function_name(F)} of {ok, Name} -> transform_application_1(Name, F, As, T, Env, St1); syntax_error -> %% Oper is not a function name, but might be any other %% expression - we just visit it and reassemble the %% application. %% We do not handle applications of tuples `{M, F}'. {F1, St2} = transform(F, Env, St1), {rewrite(T, erl_syntax:application(F1, As)), St2}; {'EXIT', R} -> exit(R); R -> throw(R) end. %% At this point we should have an explicit function name, which might %% or might not be qualified by a module name. transform_application_1(Name, F, As, T, Env, St) -> %% Before doing anything else, we must unfold any uses of aliases %% whose definitions have been killed. Arity = length(As), {Name1, F1} = expand_operator(Name, Arity, F, Env), F2 = maybe_modified_quiet(F1, F, 7, ["unfolded alias"], Env), {V, St1} = transform_application_2(Name1, Arity, F2, As, Env, St), T1 = rewrite(T, erl_syntax:application(F2, As)), T3 = case V of none -> T1; {value, {T2, Depth, Message}} -> maybe_modified_quiet({value, T2}, T1, Depth, Message, Env) end, {T3, St1}. %% Here, Name has been expanded if necessary (if so, this is also %% reflected by F), and As have been transformed. We should return %% `{none, State}' if no further rewriting is necessary, and otherwise %% `{{value, {Tree, Depth, Message}}, State}', where `Depth' and %% `Message' are to be passed to `maybe_modified'. transform_application_2(Name, Arity, F, As, Env, St) when is_atom(Name) -> transform_atom_application(Name, Arity, F, As, Env, St); transform_application_2({M, N}, Arity, F, As, Env, St) when is_atom(M), is_atom(N) -> transform_qualified_application(M, N, Arity, F, As, Env, St); transform_application_2(_Name, _Arity, _F, _As, _Env, St) -> {none, St}. % strange name - do nothing. expand_operator(Name, Arity, _F, Env) when is_atom(Name) -> %% An unqualified function name - must be looked up. However, we %% must first check that it is not an auto-imported name - these %% have precedence over normal imports. We do a sanity check on the %% found arity. case is_auto_import({Name, Arity}) of true -> {Name, none}; % auto-import - never expand. false -> case dict:find({Name, Arity}, Env#code.expand) of {ok, {M, {N, A}}} when A =:= Arity -> %% Expand to a qualified name. F1 = erl_syntax:module_qualifier( erl_syntax:atom(M), erl_syntax:atom(N)), {{M, N}, {value, F1}}; error -> %% Not in the table - leave it unchanged {Name, none} end end; expand_operator(Name, _Arity, _F, _Env) -> %% Qualified function name - leave it unchanged {Name, none}. %% Transforming an application of a named function without module %% qualifier (often misleadingly called "local" applications). Note that %% since the `apply', `spawn' and `spawn_link' functions are implicitly %% imported (from module `erlang'), applications of these names cannot %% refer to functions defined in the source code. transform_atom_application(Name, Arity, F, As, Env, St) -> %% Catch applications of `apply' and `spawn'. case {Name, Arity} of {'apply', 2} -> warning_apply_2(Env#code.module, Env#code.target), {none, St}; {'apply', 3} -> transform_apply_call(F, As, Env, St); {'spawn', 3} -> transform_spawn_call(F, As, Env, St); {'spawn', 4} -> transform_spawn_call(F, As, Env, St); {'spawn_link', 3} -> transform_spawn_call(F, As, Env, St); {'spawn_link', 4} -> transform_spawn_call(F, As, Env, St); _ -> %% A simple call of an unqualified function name - just %% remap the name as necessary. Auto-imported names may not %% be changed - the call never refers to a local function. %% We do a sanity check on the arity. case is_auto_import({Name, Arity}) of true -> {none, St}; % auto-import - do not change. false -> case (Env#code.map)({Name, Arity}) of {N, A} when N =:= Name, A =:= Arity -> %% Not changed. {none, St}; {N, A} when A =:= Arity -> %% The callee (in the current module) %% was renamed. F1 = rewrite(F, erl_syntax:atom(N)), T = erl_syntax:application(F1, As), V = {T, 2, ["callee was renamed"]}, {{value, V}, St} end end end. %% Transforming an application of an explicitly named function qualified %% with an (also explicit) module name. (Often called "remote" %% applications.) transform_qualified_application(Module, Name, Arity, F, As, Env, St) -> %% Catch applications of `apply' and `spawn'. case {Module, Name, Arity} of {'erlang', 'apply', 2} -> warning_apply_2(Env#code.module, Env#code.target), {none, St}; {'erlang', 'apply', 3} -> transform_apply_call(F, As, Env, St); {'erlang', 'spawn', 3} -> transform_spawn_call(F, As, Env, St); {'erlang', 'spawn', 4} -> transform_spawn_call(F, As, Env, St); {'erlang', 'spawn_link', 3} -> transform_spawn_call(F, As, Env, St); {'erlang', 'spawn_link', 4} -> transform_spawn_call(F, As, Env, St); _ -> case erlang:is_builtin(Module, Name, Arity) of false -> transform_qualified_application_1( Module, Name, Arity, F, As, Env, St); true -> {none, St} end end. transform_qualified_application_1(Module, Name, Arity, F, As, Env, St) -> MakeLocal = fun (N) -> F1 = rewrite(F, erl_syntax:atom(N)), erl_syntax:application(F1, As) end, MakeRemote = fun () -> erl_syntax:application(F, As) end, MakeDynamic = fun(M, N) -> F1 = erl_syntax:module_qualifier( erl_syntax:atom(M), erl_syntax:atom(N)), F2 = rewrite(F, F1), erl_syntax:application(F2, As) end, localise(Module, Name, Arity, MakeLocal, MakeRemote, MakeDynamic, 3, Env, St). %% For an `apply/3' call, if we know the called module and function %% names, and the number of arguments, then we can rewrite it to a %% direct remote call - and if we do not, there is nothing we can %% change. transform_apply_call(F, As, Env, St) -> [Module, Name, List] = As, case (erl_syntax:type(Module) =:= atom) and (erl_syntax:type(Name) =:= atom) and erl_syntax:is_proper_list(List) of true -> transform_apply_call_1(Module, Name, List, F, As, Env, St); false -> %% We can't get enough information about the %% arguments to the `apply' call, so we do nothing %% but warn. warning_unsafe_call(apply, Env#code.module, Env#code.target), {none, St} end. %% Rewrite the apply-call to a static qualified call and handle that %% instead. transform_apply_call_1(Module, Name, List, F, _As, Env, St) -> F1 = rewrite(F, erl_syntax:module_qualifier( Module, Name)), As1 = erl_syntax:list_elements(List), M = erl_syntax:atom_value(Module), N = erl_syntax:atom_value(Name), A = length(As1), transform_qualified_application_1(M, N, A, F1, As1, Env, St). %% `spawn' and `spawn_link' (with arity 3 or 4) are very much like %% `apply/3', but there could be an extra `Node' argument. Note that `F' %% below can represent both `spawn' and `spawn_link'. transform_spawn_call(F, As, Env, St) -> case As of [Module, Name, List] -> MakeSpawn = fun (As1) -> erl_syntax:application(F, As1) end, transform_spawn_call_1(Module, Name, List, MakeSpawn, Env, St); [Node, Module, Name, List] -> MakeSpawn = fun (As1) -> erl_syntax:application( F, [Node | As1]) end, transform_spawn_call_1(Module, Name, List, MakeSpawn, Env, St) end. %% Here, we can treat all dynamic-lookup spawns like `spawn/3'. transform_spawn_call_1(Module, Name, List, MakeSpawn, Env, St) -> case (erl_syntax:type(Module) =:= atom) and (erl_syntax:type(Name) =:= atom) and erl_syntax:is_proper_list(List) of true -> transform_spawn_call_2(Module, Name, List, MakeSpawn, Env, St); _ -> %% We can't get enough information about the arguments to %% the `spawn' call, so we do nothing but warn. warning_unsafe_call(spawn, Env#code.module, Env#code.target), {none, St} end. transform_spawn_call_2(Module, Name, List, MakeSpawn, Env, St) -> As = erl_syntax:list_elements(List), Arity = length(As), MakeLocal = fun (N) -> %% By using `spawn-a-fun', we do not have to %% force the callee to be exported. A = rewrite(Name, erl_syntax:atom(N)), B = erl_syntax:application(A, As), C = erl_syntax:clause([], [B]), F = erl_syntax:fun_expr([C]), MakeSpawn([F]) end, MakeRemote = fun () -> MakeSpawn([Module, Name, List]) end, MakeDynamic = fun (M, N) -> F = rewrite(Name, erl_syntax:atom(N)), MakeSpawn([erl_syntax:atom(M), F, List]) end, localise(erl_syntax:atom_value(Module), erl_syntax:atom_value(Name), Arity, MakeLocal, MakeRemote, MakeDynamic, 4, Env, St). %% MakeLocal = (atom()) -> syntaxTree() %% MakeRemote = () -> syntaxTree() %% MakeDynamic = (atom(), atom()) -> syntaxTree() %% localise(...) -> {none, state()} | {{value, V}, State} localise(Module, Name, Arity, MakeLocal, MakeRemote, MakeDynamic, Depth, Env, St) -> %% Is the callee in one of the source modules? case sets:is_element(Module, Env#code.sources) of false -> case dict:find(Module, Env#code.redirect) of {ok, Module1} -> T = MakeDynamic(Module1, Name), V = {T, Depth, ["redirected call"]}, {{value, V}, St}; error -> {none, St} % Nothing needs doing. end; true -> %% Remap the name of the callee, as necessary. Do a sanity %% check on the arity. Map = (Env#code.renaming)(Module), Name1 = case Map({Name, Arity}) of {N, A} when A =:= Arity -> N end, %% See if the callee module is "safe" and/or "static". Safe = sets:is_element(Module, Env#code.safe), Static = (sets:is_element(Module, Env#code.static) or Safe), %% Select what kind of code to generate for the call: case Static of false -> %% (This also implies that the called module is not %% the target module - which is always "static" - %% and that it is not "safe".) The called module %% could be replaced dynamically, independent of the %% target module, so we must protect the localised %% call. We strip all comments from the localised %% code, to avoid getting the same comments twice. L = MakeLocal(Name1), L1 = erl_syntax_lib:strip_comments(L), R = MakeRemote(), {T, Text} = protect_call(Module, L1, R), V = {T, Depth, Text}, {{value, V}, St}; true -> %% In this case, the called module is never replaced %% unless the target module also is. (N.B.: These %% might be the same module.) case Safe of false -> %% The normal code replacement semantics %% must be preserved here, so the generated %% call must be qualified with the name of %% the target module. (We assume this is %% efficiently compiled even if we do not %% insert an explicit "latest version" %% test.) Target = Env#code.target, case Module =:= Target of true -> %% Already calling the target module %% - do not insert irritating notes. {none, St}; false -> %% We must ensure that the function %% is exported. St1 = state__add_export(Name1, Arity, St), T = MakeDynamic(Target, Name1), Text = ["localised call"], V = {T, Depth, Text}, {{value, V}, St1} end; true -> %% The call is regarded as safe to localise %% completely. Code replacement will in %% general not be detected (except for %% spawn/apply). T = MakeLocal(Name1), Text = ["localised safe call"], V = {T, Depth, Text}, {{value, V}, St} end end end. %%% %% This creates a test on whether there is a later loaded version of %%% %% Module: if not, select the `Local' expression, otherwise the `Remote' %%% %% expression. We knowingly duplicate code here, to allow better %%% %% optimisations, but we never duplicate work. %%% %%% protect_call(Module, Local, Remote) -> %%% T = erl_syntax:if_expr( %%% [erl_syntax:clause([erl_syntax:application( %%% erl_syntax:atom('not_replaced'), %%% [erl_syntax:atom(Module)])], %%% [Local]), %%% erl_syntax:clause([erl_syntax:atom('true')], %%% [Remote])]), %%% {T, ["localised dynamic call"]}. %% This "protects" a localised call by letting it remain a remote call. protect_call(_Module, _Local, Remote) -> {Remote, ["dynamic call"]}. %% Renaming record declarations transform_attribute(T, Env, St) -> {T1, St1} = TSt1 = default_transform(T, Env, St), case erl_syntax_lib:analyze_attribute(T1) of {record, {R, _}} -> F = fun(R) -> [_ | As] = erl_syntax:attribute_arguments(T1), erl_syntax:attribute( erl_syntax:attribute_name(T1), [erl_syntax:atom(R) | As]) end, {V, Text} = rename_record(R, F, Env), {maybe_modified(V, T1, 2, Text, Env), St1}; _ -> TSt1 end. %% This handles renaming of records. transform_record(T, Env, St) -> {T1, St1} = TSt1 = default_transform(T, Env, St), X = case catch erl_syntax_lib:analyze_record_expr(T1) of {record_expr, {R, _}} -> F = fun (R) -> erl_syntax:record_expr( erl_syntax:record_expr_argument(T1), erl_syntax:atom(R), erl_syntax:record_expr_fields(T1)) end, {R, F}; {record_index_expr, {R, _}} -> F = fun (R) -> erl_syntax:record_index_expr( erl_syntax:atom(R), erl_syntax:record_index_expr_field(T1)) end, {R, F}; {record_access, {R, _}} -> F = fun (R) -> erl_syntax:record_access( erl_syntax:record_access_argument(T1), erl_syntax:atom(R), erl_syntax:record_access_field(T1)) end, {R, F}; _Type -> false end, case X of {R1, F1} -> {V, Text} = rename_record(R1, F1, Env), {maybe_modified(V, T1, 1, Text, Env), St1}; false -> TSt1 end. rename_record(R, F, Env) -> case map_record_name(R, Env#code.map) of R -> %% Not renamed {none, []}; R1 -> %% Renamed {{value, F(R1)}, ["record was renamed"]} end. %% Maybe-rewriting Node, adding modification notes. %% This is for non-primary modifications; they are not commented unless %% the `notes' option is set to `always'. maybe_modified_quiet(V, Node, Depth, Message, Env) -> case Env#code.notes of always -> maybe_modified_1(V, Node, Depth, Message, yes); _ -> maybe_modified_1(V, Node, Depth, Message, no) end. %% This is for important notes; they are only disabled if the `notes' %% option is set to `no'. maybe_modified(V, Node, Depth, Message, Env) -> maybe_modified_1(V, Node, Depth, Message, Env#code.notes). maybe_modified_1(none, Node, _Depth, _Message, _Notes) -> Node; maybe_modified_1({value, Node1}, Node, Depth, Message, Notes) -> case Notes of no -> rewrite(Node, Node1); _ -> Code = erl_syntax:comment_text( erl_syntax_lib:to_comment( erl_syntax_lib:strip_comments( erl_syntax_lib:limit(Node, Depth)), "\040\040")), erl_syntax:add_precomments( [comment_note(Message ++ ["Original code:" | Code])], rewrite(Node, Node1)) end. %% ===================================================================== %% @spec create_stubs(Stubs::[stubDescriptor()], Options::[term()]) -> %% [string()] %% %% @doc Creates stub module source files corresponding to the given stub %% descriptors. The returned value is the list of names of the created %% files. See `merge_sources/3' for more information about %% stub descriptors. %% %% Options: %%
%%
`{backup_suffix, string()}'
%%
`{backups, boolean()}'
%%
`{printer, Function}'
%%
`{stub_dir, filename()}'
%%
`{suffix, string()}'
%%
`{verbose, boolean()}'
%%
%% %% See `merge/3' for details on these options. %% %% @see merge/3 %% @see merge_sources/3 -spec create_stubs([stubDescriptor()], [option()]) -> [string()]. create_stubs(Stubs, Opts) -> Opts1 = Opts ++ ?DEFAULT_MERGE_OPTS, lists:foldl(fun (S, Fs) -> F = create_stub(S, Opts1), [F | Fs] end, [], Stubs). maybe_create_stubs(Stubs, Opts) -> case proplists:get_bool(stubs, Opts) of true -> create_stubs(Stubs, Opts); false -> [] end. create_stub({Name, Fs, Attrs}, Opts) -> Defs = [stub_function(F) || F <- Fs], Exports = [F || {F, _} <- Fs], Forms = stub_header(Name, Exports, Attrs) ++ Defs, Dir = proplists:get_value(stub_dir, Opts, ""), verbose("creating stub file for module `~w'.", [Name], Opts), write_module(erl_syntax:form_list(Forms), Name, Dir, Opts). %% We just follow the arity specifications naively when we create the %% stub funcion - it is not our responsibility to check them. stub_function({{F, A}, {M, {F1, A1}}}) -> Vs = var_list(A), Vs1 = var_list(A1), R = erl_syntax:module_qualifier(erl_syntax:atom(M), erl_syntax:atom(F1)), Call = erl_syntax:application(R, Vs1), erl_syntax:function(erl_syntax:atom(F), [erl_syntax:clause(Vs, [], [Call])]). var_list(N) -> var_list(N, 1). var_list(N, I) when N > 0 -> [erl_syntax:variable("X" ++ integer_to_list(I)) | var_list(N - 1, I + 1)]; var_list(0, _) -> []. stub_header(Name, Exports, Attrs) -> [comment([?COMMENT_BAR, io_lib:fwrite("This is an automatically " "generated stub interface\n" "for the module `~w'.", [Name]), "", timestamp(), ""]), erl_syntax:attribute(erl_syntax:atom('module'), [erl_syntax:atom(Name)]), make_export(Exports)] ++ make_attributes(Attrs). %% ===================================================================== -type renamings() :: [{atom(), atom()}]. %% ===================================================================== %% @spec rename(Files::[filename()], Renamings) -> [string()] %% @equiv rename(Files, Renamings, []) -spec rename([file:filename()], renamings()) -> [string()]. rename(Files, Renamings) -> rename(Files, Renamings, []). %% ===================================================================== %% @spec rename(Files::[filename()], Renamings, Options::[term()]) -> %% [string()] %% %% Renamings = [{atom(), atom()}] %% %% @doc Renames a set of possibly interdependent source code modules. %% `Files' is a list of file names of source modules to be %% processed. `Renamings' is a list of pairs of module %% names, representing a mapping from old names to new. The %% returned value is the list of output file names. %% %% Each file in the list will be read and processed separately. For %% every file, each reference to some module M, such that there is an %% entry `{M, M1}' in %% `Renamings', will be changed to the corresponding M1. %% Furthermore, if a file F defines module M, and there is an entry %% `{M, M1}' in `Renamings', a %% new file named `M1.erl' will be created in the %% same directory as F, containing the source code for module M, renamed %% to M1. If M does not have an entry in `Renamings', the %% module is not renamed, only updated, and the resulting source code is %% written to `M.erl' (typically, this overwrites %% the original file). The `suffix' option (see below) can be %% used to change the default "`.erl'" suffix for the %% generated files. %% %% Stub modules will automatically be created (see the %% `stubs' and `stub_dir' options below) for each %% module that is renamed. These can be used to redirect any calls still %% using the old module names. The stub files are created in the same %% directory as the source file (typically overwriting the original %% file). %% %% Options: %%
%%
`{backup_suffix, string()}'
%%
`{backups, boolean()}'
%%
`{printer, Function}'
%%
`{stubs, boolean()}'
%%
`{suffix, string()}'
%%
%% See `merge/3' for details on these options. %% %%
%%
`{comments, boolean()}'
%%
`{preprocess, boolean()}'
%%
%% See `merge_files/4' for details on these options. %% %%
%%
`{no_banner, boolean()}'
%%
%% For the `rename' function, this option is %% `true' by default. See `merge_sources/3' for %% details. %% %%
%%
`{tidy, boolean()}'
%%
%% For the `rename' function, this option is %% `false' by default. See `merge_sources/3' for %% details. %% %%
%%
`{no_headers, boolean()}'
%%
`{stub_dir, filename()}'
%%
%% These options are preset by the `rename' function and %% cannot be overridden by the user. %% %% See `merge_sources/3' for further options. %% %% @see merge/3 %% @see merge_sources/3 %% @see merge_files/4 -spec rename([file:filename()], renamings(), [term()]) -> [string()]. rename(Files, Renamings, Opts) -> Dict = case is_atom_map(Renamings) of true -> dict:from_list(Renamings); false -> report_error("bad module renaming: ~P.", [Renamings, 10]), exit(error) end, %% We disable *all* automatic source code lookup, for safety: you %% are only allowed to do renaming on a module if you give its path. Opts1 = [{find_src_rules, []}] ++ Opts ++ [{backup_suffix, ?DEFAULT_BACKUP_SUFFIX}, backups, {printer, fun default_printer/2}, stubs, {suffix, ?DEFAULT_SUFFIX}, comments, {preprocess, false}, {tidy, false}, no_banner, {notes, no}, {verbose, false}], lists:flatmap(fun (F) -> rename_file(F, Dict, Opts1) end, Files). rename_file(File, Dict, Opts) -> {S, Enc} = read_module(File, Opts), %% Try to avoid *two* coding: comments: Encoding = [{encoding, Enc} || Enc =/= none, not proplists:get_bool(comments, Opts)], M = get_module_info(S), Name = M#module.name, Name1 = case dict:find(Name, Dict) of {ok, N} -> N; error -> Name end, %% We convert the dictionary to a new list to ensure that we use the %% exact same renaming for redirections. We must remove the current %% module from the redirection set. Dict1 = dict:erase(Name, Dict), Opts1 = [no_headers, {export, [Name]}, {static, [Name]}, {redirect, dict:to_list(Dict1)}] ++ Encoding ++ Opts, {Tree, Stubs} = merge_sources(Name1, [S], Opts1), Dir = filename:dirname(filename(File)), File1 = write_module(Tree, Name1, Dir, Opts++Encoding), %% We create the stub file in the same directory as the source file %% and the target file. [File1 | maybe_create_stubs(Stubs, [{stub_dir, Dir} | Opts1])]. %% --------------------------------------------------------------------- %% Initialise a module-info record with data about the module %% represented by the syntax tree (or list of "forms"). Listed exports %% are guaranteed to be in the set of function names. get_module_info(Forms) -> L = case catch {ok, erl_syntax_lib:analyze_forms(Forms)} of {ok, L1} -> L1; syntax_error -> report_error("syntax error in input."), erlang:error(badarg); {'EXIT', R} -> exit(R); R -> throw(R) end, {Name, Vars} = case lists:keyfind(module, 1, L) of {module, {_N, _Vs} = NVs} -> NVs; {module, N} -> {N, none}; false -> report_error("in source code: module name missing."), exit(error) end, case lists:keyfind(errors, 1, L) of {errors, Ds} when Ds =/= [] -> report_errors(Ds, Name), exit(error); _ -> ok end, case lists:keyfind(warnings, 1, L) of {warnings, Ds1} when Ds1 =/= [] -> report_warnings(Ds1, Name); _ -> ok end, Functions = case lists:keyfind(functions, 1, L) of {functions, Fs} -> ordsets:from_list(Fs); _ -> [] end, Exports = case lists:keyfind(exports, 1, L) of {exports, Es} -> ordsets:from_list(Es); _ -> [] end, Imports = case lists:keyfind(imports, 1, L) of {imports, Is} -> expand_imports(Is, Name); _ -> [] end, Attributes = case lists:keyfind(attributes, 1, L) of {attributes, As} -> ordsets:from_list(As); _ -> [] end, Records = case lists:keyfind(records, 1, L) of {records, Rs} -> fold_record_fields(Rs); _ -> [] end, check_records(Records, Name), #module{name = Name, vars = Vars, functions = Functions, exports = ordsets:intersection(Exports, Functions), aliases = Imports, attributes = Attributes, records = Records}. fold_record_fields(Rs) -> [{N, [fold_record_field(F) || F <- Fs]} || {N, Fs} <- Rs]. fold_record_field({_Name, none} = None) -> None; fold_record_field({Name, F}) -> case erl_syntax:is_literal(F) of true -> {Name, {value, erl_syntax:concrete(F)}}; false -> %% The default value for the field is not a constant, so we %% represent it by a hash value instead. (We don't want to %% do this in the general case.) {Name, {hash, erlang:phash(F, 16#ffffff)}} end. report_errors([D | Ds], Name) -> report_error("error: " ++ error_text(D, Name)), report_errors(Ds, Name); report_errors([], _) -> ok. report_warnings([D | Ds], Name) -> report_warning(error_text(D, Name)), report_errors(Ds, Name); report_warnings([], _) -> ok. error_text(D, Name) -> case D of {L, M, E} when is_integer(L), is_atom(M) -> case catch M:format_error(E) of S when is_list(S) -> io_lib:fwrite("`~w', line ~w: ~ts.", [Name, L, S]); _ -> error_text_1(D, Name) end; _E -> error_text_1(D, Name) end. error_text_1(D, Name) -> io_lib:fwrite("error: `~w', ~P.", [Name, D, 15]). check_records(Rs, Name) -> case duplicates([N || {N, _} <- Rs]) of [] -> ok; Ns -> report_error("in module `~w': " "multiply defined records: ~p.", [Name, Ns]), exit(error) end. expand_imports(Is, Name) -> Fs = ordsets:from_list(lists:append([[{M, F} || F <- Fs] || {M, Fs} <- Is])), As = erl_syntax_lib:function_name_expansions(Fs), case duplicates([N || {N, _} <- As]) of [] -> ordsets:from_list(As); Ns -> report_error("in module `~w': " "multiply imported functions: ~p.", [Name, Ns]), exit(error) end. %% --------------------------------------------------------------------- %% File handling %% open_output_file(filename()) -> filedescriptor() open_output_file(FName) -> case catch file:open(FName, [write]) of {ok, FD} -> FD; {error, _} = Error -> error_open_output(FName), exit(Error); {'EXIT', R} -> error_open_output(FName), exit(R); R -> error_open_output(FName), exit(R) end. output_encoding(FD, Opts) -> case proplists:get_value(encoding, Opts) of undefined -> ok = io:setopts(FD, [{encoding, epp:default_encoding()}]); Encoding -> ok = io:setopts(FD, [{encoding, Encoding}]), EncS = epp:encoding_to_string(Encoding), ok = io:fwrite(FD, <<"%% ~s\n">>, [EncS]) end. %% read_module(Name, Options) -> {syntaxTree(), epp:source_encoding()} %% %% This also tries to locate the real source file, if "Name" does not %% point directly to a particular file. read_module(Name, Options) -> case file_type(Name) of {value, _} -> read_module_1(Name, Options); none -> Rules = proplists:get_value(find_src_rules, Options), case find_src(Name, Rules) of {error, _} -> %% It seems that we have no file - go on anyway, %% just to get a decent error message. read_module_1(Name, Options); {Name1, _} -> read_module_1(Name1 ++ ".erl", Options) end end. read_module_1(Name, Options) -> verbose("reading module `~ts'.", [filename(Name)], Options), {Forms, Enc} = read_module_2(Name, Options), case proplists:get_bool(comments, Options) of false -> {Forms, Enc}; true -> Comments = erl_comment_scan:file(Name), {erl_recomment:recomment_forms(Forms, Comments), Enc} end. read_module_2(Name, Options) -> case read_module_3(Name, Options) of {ok, Forms} -> check_forms(Forms, Name), Enc = epp:read_encoding(Name), {Forms, Enc}; {error, _} = Error -> error_read_file(Name), exit(Error) end. read_module_3(Name, Options) -> case proplists:get_bool(preprocess, Options) of false -> epp_dodger:parse_file(Name); true -> read_module_4(Name, Options) end. read_module_4(Name, Options) -> Includes = proplists:append_values(includes, Options) ++ [filename:dirname(Name) | ?DEFAULT_INCLUDES], Macros = proplists:append_values(macros, Options) ++ ?DEFAULT_MACROS, epp:parse_file(Name, Includes, Macros). check_forms([F | Fs], File) -> case erl_syntax:type(F) of error_marker -> S = case erl_syntax:error_marker_info(F) of {_, M, D} -> M:format_error(D); _ -> "unknown error" end, report_error("in file `~ts' at line ~w:\n ~ts", [filename(File), erl_syntax:get_pos(F), S]), exit(error); _ -> check_forms(Fs, File) end; check_forms([], _) -> ok. find_src(Name, undefined) -> filename:find_src(filename(Name)); find_src(Name, Rules) -> filename:find_src(filename(Name), Rules). %% file_type(filename()) -> {value, Type} | none file_type(Name) -> case catch file:read_file_info(Name) of {ok, Env} -> {value, Env#file_info.type}; {error, enoent} -> none; {error, _} = Error -> error_read_file_info(Name), exit(Error); {'EXIT', R} -> error_read_file_info(Name), exit(R); R -> error_read_file_info(Name), throw(R) end. %% Create the target directory and make a backup file if necessary, then %% open the file, output the text and close the file safely. Returns the %% file name. write_module(Tree, Name, Dir, Opts) -> Name1 = filename(Name), Dir1 = filename(Dir), Base = if Dir1 =:= "" -> Name1; true -> case file_type(Dir1) of {value, directory} -> ok; {value, _} -> report_error("`~ts' is not a directory.", [Dir1]), exit(error); none -> case file:make_dir(Dir1) of ok -> verbose("created directory `~ts'.", [Dir1], Opts), ok; E -> report_error("failed to create " "directory `~ts'.", [Dir1]), exit({make_dir, E}) end end, filename:join(Dir1, Name1) end, Suffix = proplists:get_value(suffix, Opts, ""), File = Base ++ Suffix, case proplists:get_bool(backups, Opts) of true -> backup_file(File, Opts); false -> ok end, Printer = proplists:get_value(printer, Opts), FD = open_output_file(File), ok = output_encoding(FD, Opts), verbose("writing to file `~ts'.", [File], Opts), V = (catch {ok, output(FD, Printer, Tree, Opts)}), ok = file:close(FD), case V of {ok, _} -> File; {'EXIT', R} -> error_write_file(File), exit(R); R -> error_write_file(File), throw(R) end. output(FD, Printer, Tree, Opts) -> io:put_chars(FD, Printer(Tree, Opts)), io:nl(FD). %% If the file exists, rename it by appending the given suffix to the %% file name. backup_file(Name, Opts) -> case file_type(Name) of {value, regular} -> backup_file_1(Name, Opts); {value, _} -> error_backup_file(Name), exit(error); none -> ok end. %% The file should exist and be a regular file here. backup_file_1(Name, Opts) -> Name1 = filename(Name), Suffix = proplists:get_value(backup_suffix, Opts, ""), Dest = filename:join(filename:dirname(Name1), filename:basename(Name1) ++ Suffix), case catch file:rename(Name1, Dest) of ok -> verbose("made backup of file `~ts'.", [Name1], Opts); {error, R} -> error_backup_file(Name1), exit({error, R}); {'EXIT', R} -> error_backup_file(Name1), exit(R); R -> error_backup_file(Name1), throw(R) end. %% ===================================================================== %% Utility functions %% The form sequence returned by 'erl_tidy:module' is flat, even if the %% given tree is not. tidy(Tree, Opts) -> case proplists:get_bool(tidy, Opts) of true -> verbose("tidying final module.", Opts), erl_tidy:module(Tree, ?TIDY_OPTS); false -> Tree end. make_attributes(As) -> [make_attribute(A) || A <- As]. make_attribute({Name, Term}) -> erl_syntax:attribute(erl_syntax:atom(Name), [erl_syntax:abstract(Term)]). is_auto_import({F, A}) -> erl_internal:bif(F, A). timestamp() -> {{Yr, Mth, Dy}, {Hr, Mt, Sc}} = erlang:localtime(), lists:flatten(io_lib:fwrite("Created by Igor " "~w-~2.2.0w-~2.2.0w, " "~2.2.0w:~2.2.0w:~2.2.0w.", [Yr, Mth, Dy, Hr, Mt, Sc])). filename([C | T]) when is_integer(C), C > 0 -> [C | filename(T)]; filename([H|T]) -> filename(H) ++ filename(T); filename([]) -> []; filename(N) when is_atom(N) -> atom_to_list(N); filename(N) -> report_error("bad filename: `~P'.", [N, 25]), exit(error). duplicates(Xs) -> ordsets:from_list(Xs -- ordsets:from_list(Xs)). split_list(F, L) -> split_list(L, F, [], []). split_list([H | T], F, A1, A2) -> case F(H) of true -> split_list(T, F, [H | A1], A2); false -> split_list(T, F, A1, [H | A2]) end; split_list([], _, A1, A2) -> {lists:reverse(A1), lists:reverse(A2)}. rewrite(Source, Target) -> erl_syntax:copy_attrs(Source, Target). comment_note([L | Ls]) -> comment([?NOTE_HEADER ++ L | Ls], ?NOTE_PREFIX). comment(Txt) -> comment(Txt, ?COMMENT_PREFIX). comment(Txt, Prefix) -> erl_syntax:comment(prefix_lines(split_lines(Txt), Prefix)). prefix_lines([L | Ls], Prefix) -> [Prefix ++ L | prefix_lines(Ls, Prefix)]; prefix_lines([], _) -> []. split_lines(Ls) -> split_lines(Ls, []). split_lines([L | Ls], Ls1) -> split_lines(Ls, split_lines(L, [], Ls1)); split_lines([], Ls1) -> lists:reverse(Ls1). split_lines([$\r, $\n | Cs], Cs1, Ls) -> split_lines_1(Cs, Cs1, Ls); split_lines([$\r | Cs], Cs1, Ls) -> split_lines_1(Cs, Cs1, Ls); split_lines([$\n | Cs], Cs1, Ls) -> split_lines_1(Cs, Cs1, Ls); split_lines([C | Cs], Cs1, Ls) -> split_lines(Cs, [C | Cs1], Ls); split_lines([], Cs, Ls) -> [lists:reverse(Cs) | Ls]. split_lines_1(Cs, Cs1, Ls) -> split_lines(Cs, [], [lists:reverse(Cs1) | Ls]). %% ===================================================================== %% Reporting warning_unsafe_call(Name, Module, Target) -> report_warning("call to `~w' in module `~w' " "possibly unsafe in `~s'.", [Name, Module, Target]). warning_apply_2(Module, Target) -> report_warning("call to `apply/2' in module `~w' " "possibly unsafe in `~s'.", [Module, Target]). error_open_output(Name) -> report_error("cannot open file `~ts' for output.", [filename(Name)]). error_read_file(Name) -> report_error("error reading file `~ts'.", [filename(Name)]). error_read_file_info(Name) -> report_error("error getting file info: `~ts'.", [filename(Name)]). error_write_file(Name) -> report_error("error writing to file `~ts'.", [filename(Name)]). error_backup_file(Name) -> report_error("could not create backup of file `~ts'.", [filename(Name)]). verbose(S, Opts) -> verbose(S, [], Opts). verbose(S, Vs, Opts) -> case proplists:get_bool(verbose, Opts) of true -> report(S, Vs); false -> ok end. report_error(S) -> report_error(S, []). report_error(S, Vs) -> report(S, Vs). report_warning(S) -> report_warning(S, []). report_warning(S, Vs) -> report("warning: " ++ S, Vs). % report(S) -> % report(S, []). report(S, Vs) -> io:fwrite(lists:concat([?MODULE, ": ", S, "\n"]), Vs).