%% Copyright (c) 2011, Loïc Hoguin <[email protected]>
%%
%% Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
%% purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
%% copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
%%
%% THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
%% WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
%% MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
%% ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
%% WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
%% ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
%% OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-module(cowboy_http_protocol).
-export([start_link/3]). %% API.
-export([init/3, wait_request/1]). %% FSM.
-include("include/http.hrl").
-record(state, {
socket :: inet:socket(),
transport :: module(),
dispatch :: cowboy_dispatcher:dispatch_rules(),
handler :: {Handler::module(), Opts::term()},
req_empty_lines = 0 :: integer(),
max_empty_lines :: integer(),
timeout :: timeout(),
connection = keepalive :: keepalive | close
}).
%% API.
-spec start_link(Socket::inet:socket(), Transport::module(), Opts::term())
-> {ok, Pid::pid()}.
start_link(Socket, Transport, Opts) ->
Pid = spawn_link(?MODULE, init, [Socket, Transport, Opts]),
{ok, Pid}.
%% FSM.
-spec init(Socket::inet:socket(), Transport::module(), Opts::term()) -> ok.
init(Socket, Transport, Opts) ->
Dispatch = proplists:get_value(dispatch, Opts, []),
MaxEmptyLines = proplists:get_value(max_empty_lines, Opts, 5),
Timeout = proplists:get_value(timeout, Opts, 5000),
wait_request(#state{socket=Socket, transport=Transport,
dispatch=Dispatch, max_empty_lines=MaxEmptyLines, timeout=Timeout}).
-spec wait_request(State::#state{}) -> ok.
wait_request(State=#state{socket=Socket, transport=Transport, timeout=T}) ->
Transport:setopts(Socket, [{packet, http}]),
case Transport:recv(Socket, 0, T) of
{ok, Request} -> request(Request, State);
{error, timeout} -> error_terminate(408, State);
{error, closed} -> terminate(State)
end.
-spec request({http_request, Method::http_method(), URI::http_uri(),
Version::http_version()}, State::#state{}) -> ok.
%% @todo We probably want to handle some things differently between versions.
request({http_request, _Method, _URI, Version}, State)
when Version =/= {1, 0}, Version =/= {1, 1} ->
error_terminate(505, State);
%% @todo We need to cleanup the URI properly.
request({http_request, Method, {abs_path, AbsPath}, Version},
State=#state{socket=Socket, transport=Transport}) ->
{Path, RawPath, Qs} = cowboy_dispatcher:split_path(AbsPath),
ConnAtom = version_to_connection(Version),
wait_header(#http_req{socket=Socket, transport=Transport,
connection=ConnAtom, method=Method, version=Version,
path=Path, raw_path=RawPath, raw_qs=Qs},
State#state{connection=ConnAtom});
request({http_request, Method, '*', Version},
State=#state{socket=Socket, transport=Transport}) ->
ConnAtom = version_to_connection(Version),
wait_header(#http_req{socket=Socket, transport=Transport,
connection=ConnAtom, method=Method, version=Version,
path='*', raw_path="*", raw_qs=[]},
State#state{connection=ConnAtom});
request({http_request, _Method, _URI, _Version}, State) ->
error_terminate(501, State);
request({http_error, "\r\n"},
State=#state{req_empty_lines=N, max_empty_lines=N}) ->
error_terminate(400, State);
request({http_error, "\r\n"}, State=#state{req_empty_lines=N}) ->
wait_request(State#state{req_empty_lines=N + 1});
request({http_error, _Any}, State) ->
error_terminate(400, State).
-spec wait_header(Req::#http_req{}, State::#state{}) -> ok.
wait_header(Req, State=#state{socket=Socket,
transport=Transport, timeout=T}) ->
case Transport:recv(Socket, 0, T) of
{ok, Header} -> header(Header, Req, State);
{error, timeout} -> error_terminate(408, State);
{error, closed} -> terminate(State)
end.
-spec header({http_header, I::integer(), Field::http_header(), R::term(),
Value::string()} | http_eoh, Req::#http_req{}, State::#state{}) -> ok.
header({http_header, _I, 'Host', _R, RawHost}, Req=#http_req{
transport=Transport, host=undefined}, State) ->
RawHost2 = string_to_lower(RawHost),
case catch cowboy_dispatcher:split_host(RawHost2) of
{Host, RawHost3, undefined} ->
Port = default_port(Transport:name()),
dispatch(Req#http_req{host=Host, raw_host=RawHost3, port=Port,
headers=[{'Host', RawHost3}|Req#http_req.headers]}, State);
{Host, RawHost3, Port} ->
dispatch(Req#http_req{host=Host, raw_host=RawHost3, port=Port,
headers=[{'Host', RawHost3}|Req#http_req.headers]}, State);
{'EXIT', _Reason} ->
error_terminate(400, State)
end;
%% Ignore Host headers if we already have it.
header({http_header, _I, 'Host', _R, _V}, Req, State) ->
wait_header(Req, State);
header({http_header, _I, 'Connection', _R, Connection}, Req, State) ->
ConnAtom = connection_to_atom(Connection),
wait_header(Req#http_req{connection=ConnAtom,
headers=[{'Connection', Connection}|Req#http_req.headers]},
State#state{connection=ConnAtom});
header({http_header, _I, Field, _R, Value}, Req, State) ->
wait_header(Req#http_req{headers=[{Field, Value}|Req#http_req.headers]},
State);
%% The Host header is required.
header(http_eoh, #http_req{host=undefined}, State) ->
error_terminate(400, State);
header(http_eoh, Req, State) ->
handler_init(Req, State);
header({http_error, _String}, _Req, State) ->
error_terminate(500, State).
-spec dispatch(Req::#http_req{}, State::#state{}) -> ok.
dispatch(Req=#http_req{host=Host, path=Path},
State=#state{dispatch=Dispatch}) ->
%% @todo We probably want to filter the Host and Path here to allow
%% things like url rewriting.
case cowboy_dispatcher:match(Host, Path, Dispatch) of
{ok, Handler, Opts, Binds} ->
wait_header(Req#http_req{bindings=Binds},
State#state{handler={Handler, Opts}});
{error, notfound, host} ->
error_terminate(400, State);
{error, notfound, path} ->
error_terminate(404, State)
end.
-spec handler_init(Req::#http_req{}, State::#state{}) -> ok.
handler_init(Req, State=#state{
transport=Transport, handler={Handler, Opts}}) ->
case catch Handler:init({Transport:name(), http}, Req, Opts) of
{ok, Req2, HandlerState} ->
handler_loop(HandlerState, Req2, State);
%% @todo {upgrade, transport, Module}
{upgrade, protocol, Module} ->
Module:upgrade(Handler, Opts, Req);
{'EXIT', _Reason} ->
error_terminate(500, State)
end.
-spec handler_loop(HandlerState::term(), Req::#http_req{},
State::#state{}) -> ok.
handler_loop(HandlerState, Req, State=#state{handler={Handler, _Opts}}) ->
case catch Handler:handle(Req#http_req{resp_state=waiting},
HandlerState) of
{ok, Req2, HandlerState2} ->
handler_terminate(HandlerState2, Req2, State);
{'EXIT', _Reason} ->
terminate(State)
end.
-spec handler_terminate(HandlerState::term(), Req::#http_req{},
State::#state{}) -> ok.
handler_terminate(HandlerState, Req, State=#state{handler={Handler, _Opts}}) ->
HandlerRes = (catch Handler:terminate(
Req#http_req{resp_state=locked}, HandlerState)),
BodyRes = ensure_body_processed(Req),
ensure_response(Req, State),
case {HandlerRes, BodyRes, State#state.connection} of
{ok, ok, keepalive} -> ?MODULE:wait_request(State);
_Closed -> terminate(State)
end.
-spec ensure_body_processed(Req::#http_req{}) -> ok | close.
ensure_body_processed(#http_req{body_state=done}) ->
ok;
ensure_body_processed(Req=#http_req{body_state=waiting}) ->
case cowboy_http_req:body(Req) of
{error, badarg} -> ok; %% No body.
{error, _Reason} -> close;
_Any -> ok
end.
-spec ensure_response(Req::#http_req{}, State::#state{}) -> ok.
%% The handler has already fully replied to the client.
ensure_response(#http_req{resp_state=done}, _State) ->
ok;
%% No response has been sent but everything apparently went fine.
%% Reply with 204 No Content to indicate this.
ensure_response(#http_req{resp_state=waiting}, State) ->
error_response(204, State).
-spec error_response(Code::http_status(), State::#state{}) -> ok.
error_response(Code, #state{socket=Socket,
transport=Transport, connection=Connection}) ->
_ = cowboy_http_req:reply(Code, [], [], #http_req{
socket=Socket, transport=Transport,
connection=Connection, resp_state=waiting}),
ok.
-spec error_terminate(Code::http_status(), State::#state{}) -> ok.
error_terminate(Code, State) ->
error_response(Code, State#state{connection=close}),
terminate(State).
-spec terminate(State::#state{}) -> ok.
terminate(#state{socket=Socket, transport=Transport}) ->
Transport:close(Socket),
ok.
%% Internal.
-spec version_to_connection(Version::http_version()) -> keepalive | close.
version_to_connection({1, 1}) -> keepalive;
version_to_connection(_Any) -> close.
-spec connection_to_atom(Connection::string()) -> keepalive | close.
connection_to_atom("keep-alive") ->
keepalive;
connection_to_atom("close") ->
close;
connection_to_atom(Connection) ->
case string_to_lower(Connection) of
"close" -> close;
_Any -> keepalive
end.
-spec default_port(TransportName::atom()) -> 80 | 443.
default_port(ssl) -> 443;
default_port(_) -> 80.
%% More efficient implementation of string:to_lower.
%% We are excluding a few characters on purpose.
-spec string_to_lower(string()) -> string().
string_to_lower(L) ->
[char_to_lower(C) || C <- L].
%% We gain noticeable speed by matching each value directly.
-spec char_to_lower(char()) -> char().
char_to_lower($A) -> $a;
char_to_lower($B) -> $b;
char_to_lower($C) -> $c;
char_to_lower($D) -> $d;
char_to_lower($E) -> $e;
char_to_lower($F) -> $f;
char_to_lower($G) -> $g;
char_to_lower($H) -> $h;
char_to_lower($I) -> $i;
char_to_lower($J) -> $j;
char_to_lower($K) -> $k;
char_to_lower($L) -> $l;
char_to_lower($M) -> $m;
char_to_lower($N) -> $n;
char_to_lower($O) -> $o;
char_to_lower($P) -> $p;
char_to_lower($Q) -> $q;
char_to_lower($R) -> $r;
char_to_lower($S) -> $s;
char_to_lower($T) -> $t;
char_to_lower($U) -> $u;
char_to_lower($V) -> $v;
char_to_lower($W) -> $w;
char_to_lower($X) -> $x;
char_to_lower($Y) -> $y;
char_to_lower($Z) -> $z;
char_to_lower(Ch) -> Ch.
