%% Copyright (c) 2011-2012, Loïc Hoguin <[email protected]>
%%
%% Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
%% purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
%% copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
%%
%% THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
%% WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
%% MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
%% ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
%% WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
%% ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
%% OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
%% @doc Experimental REST protocol implementation.
%%
%% Based on the Webmachine Diagram from Alan Dean and Justin Sheehy, which
%% can be found in the Webmachine source tree, and on the Webmachine
%% documentation available at http://wiki.basho.com/Webmachine.html
%% at the time of writing.
-module(cowboy_http_rest).
-export([upgrade/4]).
-record(state, {
%% Handler.
handler :: atom(),
handler_state :: any(),
%% Media type.
content_types_p = [] ::
[{{binary(), binary(), [{binary(), binary()}]}, atom()}],
content_type_a :: undefined
| {{binary(), binary(), [{binary(), binary()}]}, atom()},
%% Language.
languages_p = [] :: [binary()],
language_a :: undefined | binary(),
%% Charset.
charsets_p = [] :: [binary()],
charset_a :: undefined | binary(),
%% Cached resource calls.
etag :: undefined | no_call | {strong | weak, binary()},
last_modified :: undefined | no_call | calendar:datetime(),
expires :: undefined | no_call | calendar:datetime()
}).
-include("http.hrl").
%% @doc Upgrade a HTTP request to the REST protocol.
%%
%% You do not need to call this function manually. To upgrade to the REST
%% protocol, you simply need to return <em>{upgrade, protocol, {@module}}</em>
%% in your <em>cowboy_http_handler:init/3</em> handler function.
-spec upgrade(pid(), module(), any(), #http_req{})
-> {ok, #http_req{}} | close.
upgrade(_ListenerPid, Handler, Opts, Req) ->
try
case erlang:function_exported(Handler, rest_init, 2) of
true ->
case Handler:rest_init(Req, Opts) of
{ok, Req2, HandlerState} ->
service_available(Req2, #state{handler=Handler,
handler_state=HandlerState})
end;
false ->
service_available(Req, #state{handler=Handler})
end
catch Class:Reason ->
PLReq = lists:zip(record_info(fields, http_req), tl(tuple_to_list(Req))),
error_logger:error_msg(
"** Handler ~p terminating in rest_init/3~n"
" for the reason ~p:~p~n** Options were ~p~n"
"** Request was ~p~n** Stacktrace: ~p~n~n",
[Handler, Class, Reason, Opts, PLReq, erlang:get_stacktrace()]),
{ok, _Req2} = cowboy_http_req:reply(500, Req),
close
end.
service_available(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, service_available, true, fun known_methods/2, 503).
%% known_methods/2 should return a list of atoms or binary methods.
known_methods(Req=#http_req{method=Method}, State) ->
case call(Req, State, known_methods) of
no_call when Method =:= 'HEAD'; Method =:= 'GET'; Method =:= 'POST';
Method =:= 'PUT'; Method =:= 'DELETE'; Method =:= 'TRACE';
Method =:= 'CONNECT'; Method =:= 'OPTIONS' ->
next(Req, State, fun uri_too_long/2);
no_call ->
next(Req, State, 501);
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{List, Req2, HandlerState} ->
State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState},
case lists:member(Method, List) of
true -> next(Req2, State2, fun uri_too_long/2);
false -> next(Req2, State2, 501)
end
end.
uri_too_long(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, uri_too_long, false, fun allowed_methods/2, 414).
%% allowed_methods/2 should return a list of atoms or binary methods.
allowed_methods(Req=#http_req{method=Method}, State) ->
case call(Req, State, allowed_methods) of
no_call when Method =:= 'HEAD'; Method =:= 'GET' ->
next(Req, State, fun malformed_request/2);
no_call ->
method_not_allowed(Req, State, ['GET', 'HEAD']);
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{List, Req2, HandlerState} ->
State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState},
case lists:member(Method, List) of
true -> next(Req2, State2, fun malformed_request/2);
false -> method_not_allowed(Req2, State2, List)
end
end.
method_not_allowed(Req, State, Methods) ->
{ok, Req2} = cowboy_http_req:set_resp_header(
<<"Allow">>, method_not_allowed_build(Methods, []), Req),
respond(Req2, State, 405).
method_not_allowed_build([], []) ->
<<>>;
method_not_allowed_build([], [_Ignore|Acc]) ->
lists:reverse(Acc);
method_not_allowed_build([Method|Tail], Acc) when is_atom(Method) ->
Method2 = list_to_binary(atom_to_list(Method)),
method_not_allowed_build(Tail, [<<", ">>, Method2|Acc]);
method_not_allowed_build([Method|Tail], Acc) ->
method_not_allowed_build(Tail, [<<", ">>, Method|Acc]).
malformed_request(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, malformed_request, false, fun is_authorized/2, 400).
%% is_authorized/2 should return true or {false, WwwAuthenticateHeader}.
is_authorized(Req, State) ->
case call(Req, State, is_authorized) of
no_call ->
forbidden(Req, State);
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{true, Req2, HandlerState} ->
forbidden(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{{false, AuthHead}, Req2, HandlerState} ->
{ok, Req3} = cowboy_http_req:set_resp_header(
<<"Www-Authenticate">>, AuthHead, Req2),
respond(Req3, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, 401)
end.
forbidden(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, forbidden, false, fun valid_content_headers/2, 403).
valid_content_headers(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, valid_content_headers, true,
fun known_content_type/2, 501).
known_content_type(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, known_content_type, true,
fun valid_entity_length/2, 413).
valid_entity_length(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, valid_entity_length, true, fun options/2, 413).
%% If you need to add additional headers to the response at this point,
%% you should do it directly in the options/2 call using set_resp_headers.
options(Req=#http_req{method='OPTIONS'}, State) ->
case call(Req, State, options) of
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{ok, Req2, HandlerState} ->
respond(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, 200)
end;
options(Req, State) ->
content_types_provided(Req, State).
%% content_types_provided/2 should return a list of content types and their
%% associated callback function as a tuple: {{Type, SubType, Params}, Fun}.
%% Type and SubType are the media type as binary. Params is a list of
%% Key/Value tuple, with Key and Value a binary. Fun is the name of the
%% callback that will be used to return the content of the response. It is
%% given as an atom.
%%
%% An example of such return value would be:
%% {{<<"text">>, <<"html">>, []}, to_html}
%%
%% Note that it is also possible to return a binary content type that will
%% then be parsed by Cowboy. However note that while this may make your
%% resources a little more readable, this is a lot less efficient. An example
%% of such a return value would be:
%% {<<"text/html">>, to_html}
content_types_provided(Req=#http_req{meta=Meta}, State) ->
case call(Req, State, content_types_provided) of
no_call ->
not_acceptable(Req, State);
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{[], Req2, HandlerState} ->
not_acceptable(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{CTP, Req2, HandlerState} ->
CTP2 = [normalize_content_types(P) || P <- CTP],
State2 = State#state{
handler_state=HandlerState, content_types_p=CTP2},
{Accept, Req3} = cowboy_http_req:parse_header('Accept', Req2),
case Accept of
undefined ->
{PMT, _Fun} = HeadCTP = hd(CTP2),
languages_provided(
Req3#http_req{meta=[{media_type, PMT}|Meta]},
State2#state{content_type_a=HeadCTP});
Accept ->
Accept2 = prioritize_accept(Accept),
choose_media_type(Req3, State2, Accept2)
end
end.
normalize_content_types({ContentType, Callback})
when is_binary(ContentType) ->
{cowboy_http:content_type(ContentType), Callback};
normalize_content_types(Provided) ->
Provided.
prioritize_accept(Accept) ->
lists:sort(
fun ({MediaTypeA, Quality, _AcceptParamsA},
{MediaTypeB, Quality, _AcceptParamsB}) ->
%% Same quality, check precedence in more details.
prioritize_mediatype(MediaTypeA, MediaTypeB);
({_MediaTypeA, QualityA, _AcceptParamsA},
{_MediaTypeB, QualityB, _AcceptParamsB}) ->
%% Just compare the quality.
QualityA > QualityB
end, Accept).
%% Media ranges can be overridden by more specific media ranges or
%% specific media types. If more than one media range applies to a given
%% type, the most specific reference has precedence.
%%
%% We always choose B over A when we can't decide between the two.
prioritize_mediatype({TypeA, SubTypeA, ParamsA}, {TypeB, SubTypeB, ParamsB}) ->
case TypeB of
TypeA ->
case SubTypeB of
SubTypeA -> length(ParamsA) > length(ParamsB);
<<"*">> -> true;
_Any -> false
end;
<<"*">> -> true;
_Any -> false
end.
%% Ignoring the rare AcceptParams. Not sure what should be done about them.
choose_media_type(Req, State, []) ->
not_acceptable(Req, State);
choose_media_type(Req, State=#state{content_types_p=CTP},
[MediaType|Tail]) ->
match_media_type(Req, State, Tail, CTP, MediaType).
match_media_type(Req, State, Accept, [], _MediaType) ->
choose_media_type(Req, State, Accept);
match_media_type(Req, State, Accept, CTP,
MediaType = {{<<"*">>, <<"*">>, _Params_A}, _QA, _APA}) ->
match_media_type_params(Req, State, Accept, CTP, MediaType);
match_media_type(Req, State, Accept,
CTP = [{{Type, SubType_P, _PP}, _Fun}|_Tail],
MediaType = {{Type, SubType_A, _PA}, _QA, _APA})
when SubType_P =:= SubType_A; SubType_A =:= <<"*">> ->
match_media_type_params(Req, State, Accept, CTP, MediaType);
match_media_type(Req, State, Accept, [_Any|Tail], MediaType) ->
match_media_type(Req, State, Accept, Tail, MediaType).
match_media_type_params(Req=#http_req{meta=Meta}, State, Accept,
[Provided = {PMT = {_TP, _STP, Params_P}, _Fun}|Tail],
MediaType = {{_TA, _STA, Params_A}, _QA, _APA}) ->
case lists:sort(Params_P) =:= lists:sort(Params_A) of
true ->
languages_provided(Req#http_req{meta=[{media_type, PMT}|Meta]},
State#state{content_type_a=Provided});
false ->
match_media_type(Req, State, Accept, Tail, MediaType)
end.
%% languages_provided should return a list of binary values indicating
%% which languages are accepted by the resource.
%%
%% @todo I suppose we should also ask the resource if it wants to
%% set a language itself or if it wants it to be automatically chosen.
languages_provided(Req, State) ->
case call(Req, State, languages_provided) of
no_call ->
charsets_provided(Req, State);
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{[], Req2, HandlerState} ->
not_acceptable(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{LP, Req2, HandlerState} ->
State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState, languages_p=LP},
{AcceptLanguage, Req3} =
cowboy_http_req:parse_header('Accept-Language', Req2),
case AcceptLanguage of
undefined ->
set_language(Req3, State2#state{language_a=hd(LP)});
AcceptLanguage ->
AcceptLanguage2 = prioritize_languages(AcceptLanguage),
choose_language(Req3, State2, AcceptLanguage2)
end
end.
%% A language-range matches a language-tag if it exactly equals the tag,
%% or if it exactly equals a prefix of the tag such that the first tag
%% character following the prefix is "-". The special range "*", if
%% present in the Accept-Language field, matches every tag not matched
%% by any other range present in the Accept-Language field.
%%
%% @todo The last sentence probably means we should always put '*'
%% at the end of the list.
prioritize_languages(AcceptLanguages) ->
lists:sort(
fun ({_TagA, QualityA}, {_TagB, QualityB}) ->
QualityA > QualityB
end, AcceptLanguages).
choose_language(Req, State, []) ->
not_acceptable(Req, State);
choose_language(Req, State=#state{languages_p=LP}, [Language|Tail]) ->
match_language(Req, State, Tail, LP, Language).
match_language(Req, State, Accept, [], _Language) ->
choose_language(Req, State, Accept);
match_language(Req, State, _Accept, [Provided|_Tail], {'*', _Quality}) ->
set_language(Req, State#state{language_a=Provided});
match_language(Req, State, _Accept, [Provided|_Tail], {Provided, _Quality}) ->
set_language(Req, State#state{language_a=Provided});
match_language(Req, State, Accept, [Provided|Tail],
Language = {Tag, _Quality}) ->
Length = byte_size(Tag),
case Provided of
<< Tag:Length/binary, $-, _Any/bits >> ->
set_language(Req, State#state{language_a=Provided});
_Any ->
match_language(Req, State, Accept, Tail, Language)
end.
set_language(Req=#http_req{meta=Meta}, State=#state{language_a=Language}) ->
{ok, Req2} = cowboy_http_req:set_resp_header(
<<"Content-Language">>, Language, Req),
charsets_provided(Req2#http_req{meta=[{language, Language}|Meta]}, State).
%% charsets_provided should return a list of binary values indicating
%% which charsets are accepted by the resource.
charsets_provided(Req, State) ->
case call(Req, State, charsets_provided) of
no_call ->
set_content_type(Req, State);
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{[], Req2, HandlerState} ->
not_acceptable(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{CP, Req2, HandlerState} ->
State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState, charsets_p=CP},
{AcceptCharset, Req3} =
cowboy_http_req:parse_header('Accept-Charset', Req2),
case AcceptCharset of
undefined ->
set_content_type(Req3, State2#state{
charset_a=element(1, hd(CP))});
AcceptCharset ->
AcceptCharset2 = prioritize_charsets(AcceptCharset),
choose_charset(Req3, State2, AcceptCharset2)
end
end.
%% The special value "*", if present in the Accept-Charset field,
%% matches every character set (including ISO-8859-1) which is not
%% mentioned elsewhere in the Accept-Charset field. If no "*" is present
%% in an Accept-Charset field, then all character sets not explicitly
%% mentioned get a quality value of 0, except for ISO-8859-1, which gets
%% a quality value of 1 if not explicitly mentioned.
prioritize_charsets(AcceptCharsets) ->
AcceptCharsets2 = lists:sort(
fun ({_CharsetA, QualityA}, {_CharsetB, QualityB}) ->
QualityA > QualityB
end, AcceptCharsets),
case lists:keymember(<<"*">>, 1, AcceptCharsets2) of
true -> AcceptCharsets2;
false -> [{<<"iso-8859-1">>, 1000}|AcceptCharsets2]
end.
choose_charset(Req, State, []) ->
not_acceptable(Req, State);
choose_charset(Req, State=#state{charsets_p=CP}, [Charset|Tail]) ->
match_charset(Req, State, Tail, CP, Charset).
match_charset(Req, State, Accept, [], _Charset) ->
choose_charset(Req, State, Accept);
match_charset(Req, State, _Accept, [{Provided, _}|_], {Provided, _}) ->
set_content_type(Req, State#state{charset_a=Provided});
match_charset(Req, State, Accept, [_|Tail], Charset) ->
match_charset(Req, State, Accept, Tail, Charset).
set_content_type(Req=#http_req{meta=Meta}, State=#state{
content_type_a={{Type, SubType, Params}, _Fun},
charset_a=Charset}) ->
ParamsBin = set_content_type_build_params(Params, []),
ContentType = [Type, <<"/">>, SubType, ParamsBin],
ContentType2 = case Charset of
undefined -> ContentType;
Charset -> [ContentType, <<"; charset=">>, Charset]
end,
{ok, Req2} = cowboy_http_req:set_resp_header(
<<"Content-Type">>, ContentType2, Req),
encodings_provided(Req2#http_req{meta=[{charset, Charset}|Meta]}, State).
set_content_type_build_params([], []) ->
<<>>;
set_content_type_build_params([], Acc) ->
lists:reverse(Acc);
set_content_type_build_params([{Attr, Value}|Tail], Acc) ->
set_content_type_build_params(Tail, [[Attr, <<"=">>, Value], <<";">>|Acc]).
%% @todo Match for identity as we provide nothing else for now.
%% @todo Don't forget to set the Content-Encoding header when we reply a body
%% and the found encoding is something other than identity.
encodings_provided(Req, State) ->
variances(Req, State).
not_acceptable(Req, State) ->
respond(Req, State, 406).
%% variances/2 should return a list of headers that will be added
%% to the Vary response header. The Accept, Accept-Language,
%% Accept-Charset and Accept-Encoding headers do not need to be
%% specified.
%%
%% @todo Do Accept-Encoding too when we handle it.
%% @todo Does the order matter?
variances(Req, State=#state{content_types_p=CTP,
languages_p=LP, charsets_p=CP}) ->
Variances = case CTP of
[] -> [];
[_] -> [];
[_|_] -> [<<"Accept">>]
end,
Variances2 = case LP of
[] -> Variances;
[_] -> Variances;
[_|_] -> [<<"Accept-Language">>|Variances]
end,
Variances3 = case CP of
[] -> Variances2;
[_] -> Variances2;
[_|_] -> [<<"Accept-Charset">>|Variances2]
end,
{Variances4, Req3, State2} = case call(Req, State, variances) of
no_call ->
{Variances3, Req, State};
{HandlerVariances, Req2, HandlerState} ->
{Variances3 ++ HandlerVariances, Req2,
State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}}
end,
case [[<<", ">>, V] || V <- Variances4] of
[] ->
resource_exists(Req3, State2);
[[<<", ">>, H]|Variances5] ->
{ok, Req4} = cowboy_http_req:set_resp_header(
<<"Variances">>, [H|Variances5], Req3),
resource_exists(Req4, State2)
end.
resource_exists(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, resource_exists, true,
fun if_match_exists/2, fun if_match_musnt_exist/2).
if_match_exists(Req, State) ->
case cowboy_http_req:parse_header('If-Match', Req) of
{undefined, Req2} ->
if_unmodified_since_exists(Req2, State);
{'*', Req2} ->
if_unmodified_since_exists(Req2, State);
{ETagsList, Req2} ->
if_match(Req2, State, ETagsList)
end.
if_match(Req, State, EtagsList) ->
{Etag, Req2, State2} = generate_etag(Req, State),
case lists:member(Etag, EtagsList) of
true -> if_unmodified_since_exists(Req2, State2);
%% Etag may be `undefined' which cannot be a member.
false -> precondition_failed(Req2, State2)
end.
if_match_musnt_exist(Req, State) ->
case cowboy_http_req:header('If-Match', Req) of
{undefined, Req2} -> is_put_to_missing_resource(Req2, State);
{_Any, Req2} -> precondition_failed(Req2, State)
end.
if_unmodified_since_exists(Req, State) ->
case cowboy_http_req:parse_header('If-Unmodified-Since', Req) of
{undefined, Req2} ->
if_none_match_exists(Req2, State);
{{error, badarg}, Req2} ->
if_none_match_exists(Req2, State);
{IfUnmodifiedSince, Req2} ->
if_unmodified_since(Req2, State, IfUnmodifiedSince)
end.
%% If LastModified is the atom 'no_call', we continue.
if_unmodified_since(Req, State, IfUnmodifiedSince) ->
{LastModified, Req2, State2} = last_modified(Req, State),
case LastModified > IfUnmodifiedSince of
true -> precondition_failed(Req2, State2);
false -> if_none_match_exists(Req2, State2)
end.
if_none_match_exists(Req, State) ->
case cowboy_http_req:parse_header('If-None-Match', Req) of
{undefined, Req2} ->
if_modified_since_exists(Req2, State);
{'*', Req2} ->
precondition_is_head_get(Req2, State);
{EtagsList, Req2} ->
if_none_match(Req2, State, EtagsList)
end.
if_none_match(Req, State, EtagsList) ->
{Etag, Req2, State2} = generate_etag(Req, State),
case Etag of
undefined ->
precondition_failed(Req2, State2);
Etag ->
case lists:member(Etag, EtagsList) of
true -> precondition_is_head_get(Req2, State2);
false -> if_modified_since_exists(Req2, State2)
end
end.
precondition_is_head_get(Req=#http_req{method=Method}, State)
when Method =:= 'HEAD'; Method =:= 'GET' ->
not_modified(Req, State);
precondition_is_head_get(Req, State) ->
precondition_failed(Req, State).
if_modified_since_exists(Req, State) ->
case cowboy_http_req:parse_header('If-Modified-Since', Req) of
{undefined, Req2} ->
method(Req2, State);
{{error, badarg}, Req2} ->
method(Req2, State);
{IfModifiedSince, Req2} ->
if_modified_since_now(Req2, State, IfModifiedSince)
end.
if_modified_since_now(Req, State, IfModifiedSince) ->
case IfModifiedSince > erlang:universaltime() of
true -> method(Req, State);
false -> if_modified_since(Req, State, IfModifiedSince)
end.
if_modified_since(Req, State, IfModifiedSince) ->
{LastModified, Req2, State2} = last_modified(Req, State),
case LastModified of
no_call ->
method(Req2, State2);
LastModified ->
case LastModified > IfModifiedSince of
true -> method(Req2, State2);
false -> not_modified(Req2, State2)
end
end.
not_modified(Req=#http_req{resp_headers=RespHeaders}, State) ->
RespHeaders2 = lists:keydelete(<<"Content-Type">>, 1, RespHeaders),
Req2 = Req#http_req{resp_headers=RespHeaders2},
{Req3, State2} = set_resp_etag(Req2, State),
{Req4, State3} = set_resp_expires(Req3, State2),
respond(Req4, State3, 304).
precondition_failed(Req, State) ->
respond(Req, State, 412).
is_put_to_missing_resource(Req=#http_req{method='PUT'}, State) ->
moved_permanently(Req, State, fun is_conflict/2);
is_put_to_missing_resource(Req, State) ->
previously_existed(Req, State).
%% moved_permanently/2 should return either false or {true, Location}
%% with Location the full new URI of the resource.
moved_permanently(Req, State, OnFalse) ->
case call(Req, State, moved_permanently) of
{{true, Location}, Req2, HandlerState} ->
{ok, Req3} = cowboy_http_req:set_resp_header(
<<"Location">>, Location, Req2),
respond(Req3, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, 301);
{false, Req2, HandlerState} ->
OnFalse(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
no_call ->
OnFalse(Req, State)
end.
previously_existed(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, previously_existed, false,
fun (R, S) -> is_post_to_missing_resource(R, S, 404) end,
fun (R, S) -> moved_permanently(R, S, fun moved_temporarily/2) end).
%% moved_temporarily/2 should return either false or {true, Location}
%% with Location the full new URI of the resource.
moved_temporarily(Req, State) ->
case call(Req, State, moved_temporarily) of
{{true, Location}, Req2, HandlerState} ->
{ok, Req3} = cowboy_http_req:set_resp_header(
<<"Location">>, Location, Req2),
respond(Req3, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, 307);
{false, Req2, HandlerState} ->
is_post_to_missing_resource(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, 410);
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
no_call ->
is_post_to_missing_resource(Req, State, 410)
end.
is_post_to_missing_resource(Req=#http_req{method='POST'}, State, OnFalse) ->
allow_missing_post(Req, State, OnFalse);
is_post_to_missing_resource(Req, State, OnFalse) ->
respond(Req, State, OnFalse).
allow_missing_post(Req, State, OnFalse) ->
expect(Req, State, allow_missing_post, true, fun post_is_create/2, OnFalse).
method(Req=#http_req{method='DELETE'}, State) ->
delete_resource(Req, State);
method(Req=#http_req{method='POST'}, State) ->
post_is_create(Req, State);
method(Req=#http_req{method='PUT'}, State) ->
is_conflict(Req, State);
method(Req, State) ->
set_resp_body(Req, State).
%% delete_resource/2 should start deleting the resource and return.
delete_resource(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, delete_resource, false, 500, fun delete_completed/2).
%% delete_completed/2 indicates whether the resource has been deleted yet.
delete_completed(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, delete_completed, true, fun has_resp_body/2, 202).
%% post_is_create/2 indicates whether the POST method can create new resources.
post_is_create(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, post_is_create, false, fun process_post/2, fun create_path/2).
%% When the POST method can create new resources, create_path/2 will be called
%% and is expected to return the full path to the new resource
%% (including the leading /).
create_path(Req=#http_req{meta=Meta}, State) ->
case call(Req, State, create_path) of
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{Path, Req2, HandlerState} ->
Location = create_path_location(Req2, Path),
State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState},
{ok, Req3} = cowboy_http_req:set_resp_header(
<<"Location">>, Location, Req2),
put_resource(Req3#http_req{meta=[{put_path, Path}|Meta]},
State2, 303)
end.
create_path_location(#http_req{transport=Transport, raw_host=Host,
port=Port}, Path) ->
TransportName = Transport:name(),
<< (create_path_location_protocol(TransportName))/binary, "://",
Host/binary, (create_path_location_port(TransportName, Port))/binary,
Path/binary >>.
create_path_location_protocol(ssl) -> <<"https">>;
create_path_location_protocol(_) -> <<"http">>.
create_path_location_port(ssl, 443) ->
<<>>;
create_path_location_port(tcp, 80) ->
<<>>;
create_path_location_port(_, Port) ->
<<":", (list_to_binary(integer_to_list(Port)))/binary>>.
%% process_post should return true when the POST body could be processed
%% and false when it hasn't, in which case a 500 error is sent.
process_post(Req, State) ->
case call(Req, State, process_post) of
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{true, Req2, HandlerState} ->
State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState},
next(Req2, State2, fun is_new_resource/2);
{false, Req2, HandlerState} ->
State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState},
respond(Req2, State2, 500)
end.
is_conflict(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, is_conflict, false, fun put_resource/2, 409).
put_resource(Req=#http_req{raw_path=RawPath, meta=Meta}, State) ->
Req2 = Req#http_req{meta=[{put_path, RawPath}|Meta]},
put_resource(Req2, State, fun is_new_resource/2).
%% content_types_accepted should return a list of media types and their
%% associated callback functions in the same format as content_types_provided.
%%
%% The callback will then be called and is expected to process the content
%% pushed to the resource in the request body. The path to the new resource
%% may be different from the request path, and is stored as request metadata.
%% It is always defined past this point. It can be retrieved as demonstrated:
%% {PutPath, Req2} = cowboy_http_req:meta(put_path, Req)
put_resource(Req, State, OnTrue) ->
case call(Req, State, content_types_accepted) of
no_call ->
respond(Req, State, 415);
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{CTA, Req2, HandlerState} ->
CTA2 = [normalize_content_types(P) || P <- CTA],
State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState},
{ContentType, Req3}
= cowboy_http_req:parse_header('Content-Type', Req2),
choose_content_type(Req3, State2, OnTrue, ContentType, CTA2)
end.
%% The special content type '*' will always match. It can be used as a
%% catch-all content type for accepting any kind of request content.
%% Note that because it will always match, it should be the last of the
%% list of content types, otherwise it'll shadow the ones following.
choose_content_type(Req, State, _OnTrue, _ContentType, []) ->
respond(Req, State, 415);
choose_content_type(Req, State, OnTrue, ContentType, [{Accepted, Fun}|_Tail])
when Accepted =:= '*' orelse Accepted =:= ContentType ->
case call(Req, State, Fun) of
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{true, Req2, HandlerState} ->
State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState},
next(Req2, State2, OnTrue);
{false, Req2, HandlerState} ->
State2 = State#state{handler_state=HandlerState},
respond(Req2, State2, 500)
end;
choose_content_type(Req, State, OnTrue, ContentType, [_Any|Tail]) ->
choose_content_type(Req, State, OnTrue, ContentType, Tail).
%% Whether we created a new resource, either through PUT or POST.
%% This is easily testable because we would have set the Location
%% header by this point if we did so.
is_new_resource(Req, State) ->
case cowboy_http_req:has_resp_header(<<"Location">>, Req) of
true -> respond(Req, State, 201);
false -> has_resp_body(Req, State)
end.
has_resp_body(Req, State) ->
case cowboy_http_req:has_resp_body(Req) of
true -> multiple_choices(Req, State);
false -> respond(Req, State, 204)
end.
%% Set the response headers and call the callback found using
%% content_types_provided/2 to obtain the request body and add
%% it to the response.
set_resp_body(Req=#http_req{method=Method},
State=#state{content_type_a={_Type, Fun}})
when Method =:= 'GET'; Method =:= 'HEAD' ->
{Req2, State2} = set_resp_etag(Req, State),
{LastModified, Req3, State3} = last_modified(Req2, State2),
case LastModified of
LastModified when is_atom(LastModified) ->
Req4 = Req3;
LastModified ->
LastModifiedStr = httpd_util:rfc1123_date(LastModified),
{ok, Req4} = cowboy_http_req:set_resp_header(
<<"Last-Modified">>, LastModifiedStr, Req3)
end,
{Req5, State4} = set_resp_expires(Req4, State3),
case call(Req5, State4, Fun) of
{halt, Req6, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req6, State4#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{Body, Req6, HandlerState} ->
State5 = State4#state{handler_state=HandlerState},
{ok, Req7} = case Body of
{stream, Len, Fun1} ->
cowboy_http_req:set_resp_body_fun(Len, Fun1, Req6);
_Contents ->
cowboy_http_req:set_resp_body(Body, Req6)
end,
multiple_choices(Req7, State5)
end;
set_resp_body(Req, State) ->
multiple_choices(Req, State).
multiple_choices(Req, State) ->
expect(Req, State, multiple_choices, false, 200, 300).
%% Response utility functions.
set_resp_etag(Req, State) ->
{Etag, Req2, State2} = generate_etag(Req, State),
case Etag of
undefined ->
{Req2, State2};
Etag ->
{ok, Req3} = cowboy_http_req:set_resp_header(
<<"ETag">>, encode_etag(Etag), Req2),
{Req3, State2}
end.
-spec encode_etag({strong | weak, binary()}) -> iolist().
encode_etag({strong, Etag}) -> [$",Etag,$"];
encode_etag({weak, Etag}) -> ["W/\"",Etag,$"].
set_resp_expires(Req, State) ->
{Expires, Req2, State2} = expires(Req, State),
case Expires of
Expires when is_atom(Expires) ->
{Req2, State2};
Expires ->
ExpiresStr = httpd_util:rfc1123_date(Expires),
{ok, Req3} = cowboy_http_req:set_resp_header(
<<"Expires">>, ExpiresStr, Req2),
{Req3, State2}
end.
%% Info retrieval. No logic.
generate_etag(Req, State=#state{etag=no_call}) ->
{undefined, Req, State};
generate_etag(Req, State=#state{etag=undefined}) ->
case call(Req, State, generate_etag) of
no_call ->
{undefined, Req, State#state{etag=no_call}};
%% Previously the return value from the generate_etag/2 callback was set
%% as the value of the ETag header in the response. Therefore the only
%% valid return type was `binary()'. If a handler returns a `binary()'
%% it must be mapped to the expected type or it'll always fail to
%% compare equal to any entity tags present in the request headers.
%% @todo Remove support for binary return values after 0.6.
{Etag, Req2, HandlerState} when is_binary(Etag) ->
[Etag2] = cowboy_http:entity_tag_match(Etag),
{Etag2, Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState, etag=Etag2}};
{Etag, Req2, HandlerState} ->
{Etag, Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState, etag=Etag}}
end;
generate_etag(Req, State=#state{etag=Etag}) ->
{Etag, Req, State}.
last_modified(Req, State=#state{last_modified=no_call}) ->
{undefined, Req, State};
last_modified(Req, State=#state{last_modified=undefined}) ->
case call(Req, State, last_modified) of
no_call ->
{undefined, Req, State#state{last_modified=no_call}};
{LastModified, Req2, HandlerState} ->
{LastModified, Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState,
last_modified=LastModified}}
end;
last_modified(Req, State=#state{last_modified=LastModified}) ->
{LastModified, Req, State}.
expires(Req, State=#state{expires=no_call}) ->
{undefined, Req, State};
expires(Req, State=#state{expires=undefined}) ->
case call(Req, State, expires) of
no_call ->
{undefined, Req, State#state{expires=no_call}};
{Expires, Req2, HandlerState} ->
{Expires, Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState,
expires=Expires}}
end;
expires(Req, State=#state{expires=Expires}) ->
{Expires, Req, State}.
%% REST primitives.
expect(Req, State, Callback, Expected, OnTrue, OnFalse) ->
case call(Req, State, Callback) of
no_call ->
next(Req, State, OnTrue);
{halt, Req2, HandlerState} ->
terminate(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState});
{Expected, Req2, HandlerState} ->
next(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, OnTrue);
{_Unexpected, Req2, HandlerState} ->
next(Req2, State#state{handler_state=HandlerState}, OnFalse)
end.
call(Req, #state{handler=Handler, handler_state=HandlerState}, Fun) ->
case erlang:function_exported(Handler, Fun, 2) of
true -> Handler:Fun(Req, HandlerState);
false -> no_call
end.
next(Req, State, Next) when is_function(Next) ->
Next(Req, State);
next(Req, State, StatusCode) when is_integer(StatusCode) ->
respond(Req, State, StatusCode).
%% @todo Allow some sort of callback for custom error pages.
respond(Req, State, StatusCode) ->
{ok, Req2} = cowboy_http_req:reply(StatusCode, Req),
terminate(Req2, State).
terminate(Req, #state{handler=Handler, handler_state=HandlerState}) ->
case erlang:function_exported(Handler, rest_terminate, 2) of
true -> ok = Handler:rest_terminate(
Req#http_req{resp_state=locked}, HandlerState);
false -> ok
end,
{ok, Req}.
