path: root/src/gun.erl

%% Copyright (c) 2013-2018, Loïc Hoguin <[email protected]>
%%
%% Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
%% purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
%% copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
%%
%% THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
%% WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
%% MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
%% ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
%% WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
%% ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
%% OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

-module(gun).
-behavior(gen_statem).

-ifdef(OTP_RELEASE).
-compile({nowarn_deprecated_function, [{erlang, get_stacktrace, 0}]}).
-endif.

%% Connection.
-export([open/2]).
-export([open/3]).
-export([open_unix/2]).
-export([info/1]).
-export([close/1]).
-export([shutdown/1]).

%% Requests.
-export([delete/2]).
-export([delete/3]).
-export([delete/4]).
-export([get/2]).
-export([get/3]).
-export([get/4]).
-export([head/2]).
-export([head/3]).
-export([head/4]).
-export([options/2]).
-export([options/3]).
-export([options/4]).
-export([patch/3]).
-export([patch/4]).
-export([patch/5]).
-export([post/3]).
-export([post/4]).
-export([post/5]).
-export([put/3]).
-export([put/4]).
-export([put/5]).
-export([request/4]).
-export([request/5]).
-export([request/6]).

%% Streaming data.
-export([data/4]).

%% Tunneling.
-export([connect/2]).
-export([connect/3]).
-export([connect/4]).

%% Awaiting gun messages.
-export([await/2]).
-export([await/3]).
-export([await/4]).
-export([await_body/2]).
-export([await_body/3]).
-export([await_body/4]).
-export([await_up/1]).
-export([await_up/2]).
-export([await_up/3]).

%% Flushing gun messages.
-export([flush/1]).

%% Cancelling a stream.
-export([cancel/2]).

%% Websocket.
-export([ws_upgrade/2]).
-export([ws_upgrade/3]).
-export([ws_upgrade/4]).
-export([ws_send/2]).

%% Internals.
-export([start_link/4]).
-export([callback_mode/0]).
-export([init/1]).
-export([not_connected/3]).
-export([connected/3]).

-type headers() :: [{binary(), iodata()}].

-type ws_close_code() :: 1000..4999.
-type ws_frame() :: close | ping | pong
	| {text | binary | close | ping | pong, iodata()}
	| {close, ws_close_code(), iodata()}.

-type opts() :: #{
	connect_timeout => timeout(),
	http_opts       => http_opts(),
	http2_opts      => http2_opts(),
	protocols       => [http | http2],
	retry           => non_neg_integer(),
	retry_timeout   => pos_integer(),
	trace           => boolean(),
	transport       => tcp | tls | ssl,
	transport_opts  => [gen_tcp:connect_option()] | [ssl:connect_option()],
	ws_opts         => ws_opts()
}.
-export_type([opts/0]).
%% @todo Add an option to disable/enable the notowner behavior.

-type connect_destination() :: #{
	host := inet:hostname() | inet:ip_address(),
	port := inet:port_number(),
	username => iodata(),
	password => iodata(),
	protocol => http | http2, %% @todo Remove in Gun 2.0.
	protocols => [http | http2],
	transport => tcp | tls,
	tls_opts => [ssl:connect_option()],
	tls_handshake_timeout => timeout()
}.
-export_type([connect_destination/0]).

-type intermediary() :: #{
	type := connect,
	host := inet:hostname() | inet:ip_address(),
	port := inet:port_number(),
	transport := tcp | tls,
	protocol := http | http2
}.

%% @todo When/if HTTP/2 CONNECT gets implemented, we will want an option here
%% to indicate that the request must be sent on an existing CONNECT stream.
%% This is of course not required for HTTP/1.1 since the CONNECT takes over
%% the entire connection.
-type req_opts() :: #{
	reply_to => pid()
}.
-export_type([req_opts/0]).

-type http_opts() :: #{
	keepalive             => timeout(),
	transform_header_name => fun((binary()) -> binary()),
	version               => 'HTTP/1.1' | 'HTTP/1.0'
}.
-export_type([http_opts/0]).

-type http2_opts() :: #{
	keepalive => timeout()
}.
-export_type([http2_opts/0]).

%% @todo keepalive
-type ws_opts() :: #{
	compress => boolean(),
	protocols => [{binary(), module()}]
}.
-export_type([ws_opts/0]).

-record(state, {
	owner :: pid(),
	owner_ref :: reference(),
	host :: inet:hostname() | inet:ip_address(),
	port :: inet:port_number(),
	origin_host :: inet:hostname() | inet:ip_address(),
	origin_port :: inet:port_number(),
	intermediaries = [] :: [intermediary()],
	opts :: opts(),
	keepalive_ref :: undefined | reference(),
	socket :: undefined | inet:socket() | ssl:sslsocket(),
	transport :: module(),
	messages :: {atom(), atom(), atom()},
	protocol :: module(),
	protocol_state :: any(),
	last_error :: any()
}).

%% Connection.

-spec open(inet:hostname() | inet:ip_address(), inet:port_number())
	-> {ok, pid()} | {error, any()}.
open(Host, Port) ->
	open(Host, Port, #{}).

-spec open(inet:hostname() | inet:ip_address(), inet:port_number(), opts())
	-> {ok, pid()} | {error, any()}.
open(Host, Port, Opts) when is_list(Host); is_atom(Host); is_tuple(Host) ->
	do_open(Host, Port, Opts).

-spec open_unix(Path::string(), opts())
	-> {ok, pid()} | {error, any()}.
open_unix(SocketPath, Opts) ->
	do_open({local, SocketPath}, 0, Opts).

do_open(Host, Port, Opts0) ->
	%% We accept both ssl and tls but only use tls in the code.
	Opts = case Opts0 of
		#{transport := ssl} -> Opts0#{transport => tls};
		_ -> Opts0
	end,
	case check_options(maps:to_list(Opts)) of
		ok ->
			case supervisor:start_child(gun_sup, [self(), Host, Port, Opts]) of
				OK = {ok, ServerPid} ->
					consider_tracing(ServerPid, Opts),
					OK;
				StartError ->
					StartError
			end;
		CheckError ->
			CheckError
	end.

check_options([]) ->
	ok;
check_options([{connect_timeout, infinity}|Opts]) ->
	check_options(Opts);
check_options([{connect_timeout, T}|Opts]) when is_integer(T), T >= 0 ->
	check_options(Opts);
check_options([{http_opts, ProtoOpts}|Opts]) when is_map(ProtoOpts) ->
	case gun_http:check_options(ProtoOpts) of
		ok ->
			check_options(Opts);
		Error ->
			Error
	end;
check_options([{http2_opts, ProtoOpts}|Opts]) when is_map(ProtoOpts) ->
	case gun_http2:check_options(ProtoOpts) of
		ok ->
			check_options(Opts);
		Error ->
			Error
	end;
check_options([Opt = {protocols, L}|Opts]) when is_list(L) ->
	Len = length(L),
	case length(lists:usort(L)) of
		Len when Len > 0 ->
			Check = lists:usort([(P =:= http) orelse (P =:= http2) || P <- L]),
			case Check of
				[true] ->
					check_options(Opts);
				_ ->
					{error, {options, Opt}}
			end;
		_ ->
			{error, {options, Opt}}
	end;
check_options([{retry, R}|Opts]) when is_integer(R), R >= 0 ->
	check_options(Opts);
check_options([{retry_timeout, T}|Opts]) when is_integer(T), T >= 0 ->
	check_options(Opts);
check_options([{trace, B}|Opts]) when B =:= true; B =:= false ->
	check_options(Opts);
check_options([{transport, T}|Opts]) when T =:= tcp; T =:= tls ->
	check_options(Opts);
check_options([{transport_opts, L}|Opts]) when is_list(L) ->
	check_options(Opts);
check_options([{ws_opts, ProtoOpts}|Opts]) when is_map(ProtoOpts) ->
	case gun_ws:check_options(ProtoOpts) of
		ok ->
			check_options(Opts);
		Error ->
			Error
	end;
check_options([Opt|_]) ->
	{error, {options, Opt}}.

consider_tracing(ServerPid, #{trace := true}) ->
	dbg:start(),
	dbg:tracer(),
	dbg:tpl(gun, [{'_', [], [{return_trace}]}]),
	dbg:tpl(gun_http, [{'_', [], [{return_trace}]}]),
	dbg:tpl(gun_http2, [{'_', [], [{return_trace}]}]),
	dbg:tpl(gun_ws, [{'_', [], [{return_trace}]}]),
	dbg:p(ServerPid, all);
consider_tracing(_, _) ->
	ok.

-spec info(pid()) -> map().
info(ServerPid) ->
	{_, #state{
		socket=Socket,
		transport=Transport,
		protocol=Protocol,
		origin_host=OriginHost,
		origin_port=OriginPort,
		intermediaries=Intermediaries
	}} = sys:get_state(ServerPid),
	{ok, {SockIP, SockPort}} = Transport:sockname(Socket),
	#{
		socket => Socket,
		transport => Transport:name(),
		protocol => Protocol:name(),
		sock_ip => SockIP,
		sock_port => SockPort,
		origin_host => OriginHost,
		origin_port => OriginPort,
		%% Intermediaries are listed in the order data goes through them.
		intermediaries => lists:reverse(Intermediaries)
	}.

-spec close(pid()) -> ok.
close(ServerPid) ->
	supervisor:terminate_child(gun_sup, ServerPid).

-spec shutdown(pid()) -> ok.
shutdown(ServerPid) ->
	gen_statem:cast(ServerPid, {shutdown, self()}).

%% Requests.

-spec delete(pid(), iodata()) -> reference().
delete(ServerPid, Path) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"DELETE">>, Path, []).

-spec delete(pid(), iodata(), headers()) -> reference().
delete(ServerPid, Path, Headers) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"DELETE">>, Path, Headers).

-spec delete(pid(), iodata(), headers(), req_opts()) -> reference().
delete(ServerPid, Path, Headers, ReqOpts) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"DELETE">>, Path, Headers, <<>>, ReqOpts).

-spec get(pid(), iodata()) -> reference().
get(ServerPid, Path) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"GET">>, Path, []).

-spec get(pid(), iodata(), headers()) -> reference().
get(ServerPid, Path, Headers) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"GET">>, Path, Headers).

-spec get(pid(), iodata(), headers(), req_opts()) -> reference().
get(ServerPid, Path, Headers, ReqOpts) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"GET">>, Path, Headers, <<>>, ReqOpts).

-spec head(pid(), iodata()) -> reference().
head(ServerPid, Path) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"HEAD">>, Path, []).

-spec head(pid(), iodata(), headers()) -> reference().
head(ServerPid, Path, Headers) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"HEAD">>, Path, Headers).

-spec head(pid(), iodata(), headers(), req_opts()) -> reference().
head(ServerPid, Path, Headers, ReqOpts) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"HEAD">>, Path, Headers, <<>>, ReqOpts).

-spec options(pid(), iodata()) -> reference().
options(ServerPid, Path) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"OPTIONS">>, Path, []).

-spec options(pid(), iodata(), headers()) -> reference().
options(ServerPid, Path, Headers) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"OPTIONS">>, Path, Headers).

-spec options(pid(), iodata(), headers(), req_opts()) -> reference().
options(ServerPid, Path, Headers, ReqOpts) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"OPTIONS">>, Path, Headers, <<>>, ReqOpts).

-spec patch(pid(), iodata(), headers()) -> reference().
patch(ServerPid, Path, Headers) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"PATCH">>, Path, Headers).

-spec patch(pid(), iodata(), headers(), iodata()) -> reference().
patch(ServerPid, Path, Headers, Body) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"PATCH">>, Path, Headers, Body).

-spec patch(pid(), iodata(), headers(), iodata(), req_opts()) -> reference().
patch(ServerPid, Path, Headers, Body, ReqOpts) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"PATCH">>, Path, Headers, Body, ReqOpts).

-spec post(pid(), iodata(), headers()) -> reference().
post(ServerPid, Path, Headers) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"POST">>, Path, Headers).

-spec post(pid(), iodata(), headers(), iodata()) -> reference().
post(ServerPid, Path, Headers, Body) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"POST">>, Path, Headers, Body).

-spec post(pid(), iodata(), headers(), iodata(), req_opts()) -> reference().
post(ServerPid, Path, Headers, Body, ReqOpts) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"POST">>, Path, Headers, Body, ReqOpts).

-spec put(pid(), iodata(), headers()) -> reference().
put(ServerPid, Path, Headers) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"PUT">>, Path, Headers).

-spec put(pid(), iodata(), headers(), iodata()) -> reference().
put(ServerPid, Path, Headers, Body) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"PUT">>, Path, Headers, Body).

-spec put(pid(), iodata(), headers(), iodata(), req_opts()) -> reference().
put(ServerPid, Path, Headers, Body, ReqOpts) ->
	request(ServerPid, <<"PUT">>, Path, Headers, Body, ReqOpts).

-spec request(pid(), iodata(), iodata(), headers()) -> reference().
request(ServerPid, Method, Path, Headers) ->
	request(ServerPid, Method, Path, Headers, <<>>, #{}).

-spec request(pid(), iodata(), iodata(), headers(), iodata()) -> reference().
request(ServerPid, Method, Path, Headers, Body) ->
	request(ServerPid, Method, Path, Headers, Body, #{}).

%% @todo Accept header names as maps.
-spec request(pid(), iodata(), iodata(), headers(), iodata(), req_opts()) -> reference().
request(ServerPid, Method, Path, Headers, Body, ReqOpts) ->
	StreamRef = make_ref(),
	ReplyTo = maps:get(reply_to, ReqOpts, self()),
	gen_statem:cast(ServerPid, {request, ReplyTo, StreamRef, Method, Path, Headers, Body}),
	StreamRef.

%% Streaming data.

-spec data(pid(), reference(), fin | nofin, iodata()) -> ok.
data(ServerPid, StreamRef, IsFin, Data) ->
	gen_statem:cast(ServerPid, {data, self(), StreamRef, IsFin, Data}).

%% Tunneling.

-spec connect(pid(), connect_destination()) -> reference().
connect(ServerPid, Destination) ->
	connect(ServerPid, Destination, [], #{}).

-spec connect(pid(), connect_destination(), headers()) -> reference().
connect(ServerPid, Destination, Headers) ->
	connect(ServerPid, Destination, Headers, #{}).

-spec connect(pid(), connect_destination(), headers(), req_opts()) -> reference().
connect(ServerPid, Destination, Headers, ReqOpts) ->
	StreamRef = make_ref(),
	ReplyTo = maps:get(reply_to, ReqOpts, self()),
	gen_statem:cast(ServerPid, {connect, ReplyTo, StreamRef, Destination, Headers}),
	StreamRef.

%% Awaiting gun messages.

%% @todo spec await await_body

await(ServerPid, StreamRef) ->
	MRef = monitor(process, ServerPid),
	Res = await(ServerPid, StreamRef, 5000, MRef),
	demonitor(MRef, [flush]),
	Res.

await(ServerPid, StreamRef, MRef) when is_reference(MRef) ->
	await(ServerPid, StreamRef, 5000, MRef);
await(ServerPid, StreamRef, Timeout) ->
	MRef = monitor(process, ServerPid),
	Res = await(ServerPid, StreamRef, Timeout, MRef),
	demonitor(MRef, [flush]),
	Res.

%% @todo Add gun_upgrade and gun_ws?
await(ServerPid, StreamRef, Timeout, MRef) ->
	receive
		{gun_inform, ServerPid, StreamRef, Status, Headers} ->
			{inform, Status, Headers};
		{gun_response, ServerPid, StreamRef, IsFin, Status, Headers} ->
			{response, IsFin, Status, Headers};
		{gun_data, ServerPid, StreamRef, IsFin, Data} ->
			{data, IsFin, Data};
		{gun_trailers, ServerPid, StreamRef, Trailers} ->
			{trailers, Trailers};
		{gun_push, ServerPid, StreamRef, NewStreamRef, Method, URI, Headers} ->
			{push, NewStreamRef, Method, URI, Headers};
		{gun_error, ServerPid, StreamRef, Reason} ->
			{error, Reason};
		{gun_error, ServerPid, Reason} ->
			{error, Reason};
		{'DOWN', MRef, process, ServerPid, Reason} ->
			{error, Reason}
	after Timeout ->
		{error, timeout}
	end.

await_body(ServerPid, StreamRef) ->
	MRef = monitor(process, ServerPid),
	Res = await_body(ServerPid, StreamRef, 5000, MRef, <<>>),
	demonitor(MRef, [flush]),
	Res.

await_body(ServerPid, StreamRef, MRef) when is_reference(MRef) ->
	await_body(ServerPid, StreamRef, 5000, MRef, <<>>);
await_body(ServerPid, StreamRef, Timeout) ->
	MRef = monitor(process, ServerPid),
	Res = await_body(ServerPid, StreamRef, Timeout, MRef, <<>>),
	demonitor(MRef, [flush]),
	Res.

await_body(ServerPid, StreamRef, Timeout, MRef) ->
	await_body(ServerPid, StreamRef, Timeout, MRef, <<>>).

await_body(ServerPid, StreamRef, Timeout, MRef, Acc) ->
	receive
		{gun_data, ServerPid, StreamRef, nofin, Data} ->
			await_body(ServerPid, StreamRef, Timeout, MRef,
				<< Acc/binary, Data/binary >>);
		{gun_data, ServerPid, StreamRef, fin, Data} ->
			{ok, << Acc/binary, Data/binary >>};
		%% It's OK to return trailers here because the client
		%% specifically requested them.
		{gun_trailers, ServerPid, StreamRef, Trailers} ->
			{ok, Acc, Trailers};
		{gun_error, ServerPid, StreamRef, Reason} ->
			{error, Reason};
		{gun_error, ServerPid, Reason} ->
			{error, Reason};
		{'DOWN', MRef, process, ServerPid, Reason} ->
			{error, Reason}
	after Timeout ->
		{error, timeout}
	end.

-spec await_up(pid()) -> {ok, http | http2} | {error, atom()}.
await_up(ServerPid) ->
	MRef = monitor(process, ServerPid),
	Res = await_up(ServerPid, 5000, MRef),
	demonitor(MRef, [flush]),
	Res.

-spec await_up(pid(), reference() | timeout()) -> {ok, http | http2} | {error, atom()}.
await_up(ServerPid, MRef) when is_reference(MRef) ->
	await_up(ServerPid, 5000, MRef);
await_up(ServerPid, Timeout) ->
	MRef = monitor(process, ServerPid),
	Res = await_up(ServerPid, Timeout, MRef),
	demonitor(MRef, [flush]),
	Res.

-spec await_up(pid(), timeout(), reference()) -> {ok, http | http2} | {error, atom()}.
await_up(ServerPid, Timeout, MRef) ->
	receive
		{gun_up, ServerPid, Protocol} ->
			{ok, Protocol};
		{'DOWN', MRef, process, ServerPid, Reason} ->
			{error, Reason}
	after Timeout ->
		{error, timeout}
	end.

-spec flush(pid() | reference()) -> ok.
flush(ServerPid) when is_pid(ServerPid) ->
	flush_pid(ServerPid);
flush(StreamRef) ->
	flush_ref(StreamRef).

flush_pid(ServerPid) ->
	receive
		{gun_up, ServerPid, _} ->
			flush_pid(ServerPid);
		{gun_down, ServerPid, _, _, _, _} ->
			flush_pid(ServerPid);
		{gun_inform, ServerPid, _, _, _} ->
			flush_pid(ServerPid);
		{gun_response, ServerPid, _, _, _, _} ->
			flush_pid(ServerPid);
		{gun_data, ServerPid, _, _, _} ->
			flush_pid(ServerPid);
		{gun_trailers, ServerPid, _, _} ->
			flush_pid(ServerPid);
		{gun_push, ServerPid, _, _, _, _, _, _} ->
			flush_pid(ServerPid);
		{gun_error, ServerPid, _, _} ->
			flush_pid(ServerPid);
		{gun_error, ServerPid, _} ->
			flush_pid(ServerPid);
		{gun_upgrade, ServerPid, _, _, _} ->
			flush_pid(ServerPid);
		{gun_ws, ServerPid, _, _} ->
			flush_pid(ServerPid);
		{'DOWN', _, process, ServerPid, _} ->
			flush_pid(ServerPid)
	after 0 ->
		ok
	end.

flush_ref(StreamRef) ->
	receive
		{gun_inform, _, StreamRef, _, _} ->
			flush_pid(StreamRef);
		{gun_response, _, StreamRef, _, _, _} ->
			flush_ref(StreamRef);
		{gun_data, _, StreamRef, _, _} ->
			flush_ref(StreamRef);
		{gun_trailers, _, StreamRef, _} ->
			flush_ref(StreamRef);
		{gun_push, _, StreamRef, _, _, _, _, _} ->
			flush_ref(StreamRef);
		{gun_error, _, StreamRef, _} ->
			flush_ref(StreamRef);
		{gun_upgrade, _, StreamRef, _, _} ->
			flush_ref(StreamRef);
		{gun_ws, _, StreamRef, _} ->
			flush_ref(StreamRef)
	after 0 ->
		ok
	end.

%% Cancelling a stream.

-spec cancel(pid(), reference()) -> ok.
cancel(ServerPid, StreamRef) ->
	gen_statem:cast(ServerPid, {cancel, self(), StreamRef}).

%% @todo Allow upgrading an HTTP/1.1 connection to HTTP/2.
%% http2_upgrade

%% Websocket.

-spec ws_upgrade(pid(), iodata()) -> reference().
ws_upgrade(ServerPid, Path) ->
	ws_upgrade(ServerPid, Path, []).

-spec ws_upgrade(pid(), iodata(), headers()) -> reference().
ws_upgrade(ServerPid, Path, Headers) ->
	StreamRef = make_ref(),
	gen_statem:cast(ServerPid, {ws_upgrade, self(), StreamRef, Path, Headers}),
	StreamRef.

-spec ws_upgrade(pid(), iodata(), headers(), ws_opts()) -> reference().
ws_upgrade(ServerPid, Path, Headers, Opts) ->
	ok = gun_ws:check_options(Opts),
	StreamRef = make_ref(),
	gen_statem:cast(ServerPid, {ws_upgrade, self(), StreamRef, Path, Headers, Opts}),
	StreamRef.

%% @todo ws_send/2 will need to be deprecated in favor of a variant with StreamRef.
%% But it can be kept for the time being since it can still work for HTTP/1.1.
-spec ws_send(pid(), ws_frame() | [ws_frame()]) -> ok.
ws_send(ServerPid, Frames) ->
	gen_statem:cast(ServerPid, {ws_send, self(), Frames}).

%% Internals.

callback_mode() -> state_functions.

start_link(Owner, Host, Port, Opts) ->
	gen_statem:start_link(?MODULE, {Owner, Host, Port, Opts}, []).

init({Owner, Host, Port, Opts}) ->
	Retry = maps:get(retry, Opts, 5),
	Transport = case maps:get(transport, Opts, default_transport(Port)) of
		tcp -> gun_tcp;
		tls -> gun_tls
	end,
	OwnerRef = monitor(process, Owner),
	State = #state{owner=Owner, owner_ref=OwnerRef,
		host=Host, port=Port, origin_host=Host, origin_port=Port,
		opts=Opts, transport=Transport, messages=Transport:messages()},
	{ok, not_connected, State,
		{next_event, internal, {retries, Retry}}}.

default_transport(443) -> tls;
default_transport(_) -> tcp.

not_connected(_, {retries, Retries},
		State=#state{host=Host, port=Port, opts=Opts, transport=Transport}) ->
	TransOpts0 = maps:get(transport_opts, Opts, []),
	TransOpts1 = case Transport of
		gun_tcp -> TransOpts0;
		gun_tls -> ensure_alpn(maps:get(protocols, Opts, [http2, http]), TransOpts0)
	end,
	TransOpts = [binary, {active, false}|TransOpts1],
	ConnectTimeout = maps:get(connect_timeout, Opts, infinity),
	case Transport:connect(Host, Port, TransOpts, ConnectTimeout) of
		{ok, Socket} when Transport =:= gun_tcp ->
			Protocol = case maps:get(protocols, Opts, [http]) of
				[http] -> gun_http;
				[http2] -> gun_http2
			end,
			{next_state, connected, State,
				{next_event, internal, {connected, Socket, Protocol}}};
		{ok, Socket} when Transport =:= gun_tls ->
			Protocol = case ssl:negotiated_protocol(Socket) of
				{ok, <<"h2">>} -> gun_http2;
				_ -> gun_http
			end,
			{next_state, connected, State,
				{next_event, internal, {connected, Socket, Protocol}}};
		{error, Reason} when Retries =:= 0 ->
			{stop, {shutdown, Reason}};
		{error, Reason} ->
			Timeout = maps:get(retry_timeout, Opts, 5000),
			{keep_state, State#state{last_error=Reason},
				{state_timeout, Timeout, {retries, Retries - 1}}}
	end;
not_connected(Type, Event, State) ->
	handle_common(Type, Event, ?FUNCTION_NAME, State).

ensure_alpn(Protocols0, TransOpts) ->
	Protocols = [case P of
		http -> <<"http/1.1">>;
		http2 -> <<"h2">>
	end || P <- Protocols0],
	[
		{alpn_advertised_protocols, Protocols},
		{client_preferred_next_protocols, {client, Protocols, <<"http/1.1">>}}
	|TransOpts].

connected(internal, {connected, Socket, Protocol},
		State=#state{owner=Owner, opts=Opts, transport=Transport}) ->
	ProtoOptsKey = case Protocol of
		gun_http -> http_opts;
		gun_http2 -> http2_opts
	end,
	ProtoOpts = maps:get(ProtoOptsKey, Opts, #{}),
	ProtoState = Protocol:init(Owner, Socket, Transport, ProtoOpts),
	Owner ! {gun_up, self(), Protocol:name()},
	{keep_state, keepalive_timeout(active(State#state{socket=Socket,
		protocol=Protocol, protocol_state=ProtoState}))};
%% Socket events.
connected(info, {OK, Socket, Data}, State=#state{socket=Socket, messages={OK, _, _},
		protocol=Protocol, protocol_state=ProtoState}) ->
	commands(Protocol:handle(Data, ProtoState), active(State));
connected(info, {Closed, Socket}, State=#state{socket=Socket, messages={_, Closed, _}}) ->
	disconnect(State, closed);
connected(info, {Error, Socket, Reason}, State=#state{socket=Socket, messages={_, _, Error}}) ->
	disconnect(State, {error, Reason});
%% Timeouts.
%% @todo HTTP/2 requires more timeouts than just the keepalive timeout.
%% We should have a timeout function in protocols that deal with
%% received timeouts. Currently the timeout messages are ignored.
connected(info, keepalive, State=#state{protocol=Protocol, protocol_state=ProtoState}) ->
	ProtoState2 = Protocol:keepalive(ProtoState),
	{keep_state, keepalive_timeout(State#state{protocol_state=ProtoState2})};
%% Public HTTP interface.
connected(cast, {request, ReplyTo, StreamRef, Method, Path, Headers, Body},
		State=#state{origin_host=Host, origin_port=Port,
			protocol=Protocol, protocol_state=ProtoState}) ->
	ProtoState2 = case Body of
		<<>> -> Protocol:request(ProtoState,
			StreamRef, ReplyTo, Method, Host, Port, Path, Headers);
		_ -> Protocol:request(ProtoState,
			StreamRef, ReplyTo, Method, Host, Port, Path, Headers, Body)
	end,
	{keep_state, State#state{protocol_state=ProtoState2}};
%% @todo Do we want to reject ReplyTo if it's not the process
%% who initiated the connection? For both data and cancel.
connected(cast, {data, ReplyTo, StreamRef, IsFin, Data},
		State=#state{protocol=Protocol, protocol_state=ProtoState}) ->
	ProtoState2 = Protocol:data(ProtoState, StreamRef, ReplyTo, IsFin, Data),
	{keep_state, State#state{protocol_state=ProtoState2}};
connected(cast, {connect, ReplyTo, StreamRef, Destination0, Headers},
		State=#state{protocol=Protocol, protocol_state=ProtoState}) ->
	%% The protocol option has been deprecated in favor of the protocols option.
	%% Nobody probably ended up using it, but let's not break the interface.
	Destination1 = case Destination0 of
		#{protocols := _} ->
			Destination0;
		#{protocol := DestProto} ->
			Destination0#{protocols => [DestProto]};
		_ ->
			Destination0
	end,
	Destination = case Destination1 of
		#{transport := tls} ->
			Destination1#{tls_opts => ensure_alpn(
				maps:get(protocols, Destination1, [http]),
				maps:get(tls_opts, Destination1, []))};
		_ ->
			Destination1
	end,
	ProtoState2 = Protocol:connect(ProtoState, StreamRef, ReplyTo, Destination, Headers),
	{keep_state, State#state{protocol_state=ProtoState2}};
connected(cast, {cancel, ReplyTo, StreamRef},
		State=#state{protocol=Protocol, protocol_state=ProtoState}) ->
	ProtoState2 = Protocol:cancel(ProtoState, StreamRef, ReplyTo),
	{keep_state, State#state{protocol_state=ProtoState2}};
%% Public Websocket interface.
%% @todo Maybe make an interface in the protocol module instead of checking on protocol name.
%% An interface would also make sure that HTTP/1.0 can't upgrade.
connected(cast, {ws_upgrade, Owner, StreamRef, Path, Headers},
		State=#state{owner=Owner, origin_host=Host, origin_port=Port, opts=Opts,
			protocol=Protocol, protocol_state=ProtoState})
		when Protocol =:= gun_http ->
	WsOpts = maps:get(ws_opts, Opts, #{}),
	ProtoState2 = Protocol:ws_upgrade(ProtoState, StreamRef, Host, Port, Path, Headers, WsOpts),
	{keep_state, State#state{protocol_state=ProtoState2}};
connected(cast, {ws_upgrade, Owner, StreamRef, Path, Headers, WsOpts},
		State=#state{owner=Owner, origin_host=Host, origin_port=Port,
			protocol=Protocol, protocol_state=ProtoState})
		when Protocol =:= gun_http ->
	ProtoState2 = Protocol:ws_upgrade(ProtoState, StreamRef, Host, Port, Path, Headers, WsOpts),
	{keep_state, State#state{protocol_state=ProtoState2}};
	%% @todo can fail if http/1.0
%% @todo Probably don't error out here, have a protocol function/command.
connected(cast, {ws_upgrade, ReplyTo, StreamRef, _, _}, _) ->
	ReplyTo ! {gun_error, self(), StreamRef, {badstate,
		"Websocket is only supported over HTTP/1.1."}},
	keep_state_and_data;
connected(cast, {ws_upgrade, ReplyTo, StreamRef, _, _, _}, _) ->
	ReplyTo ! {gun_error, self(), StreamRef, {badstate,
		"Websocket is only supported over HTTP/1.1."}},
	keep_state_and_data;
connected(cast, {ws_send, Owner, Frame},
		State=#state{owner=Owner, protocol=Protocol=gun_ws, protocol_state=ProtoState}) ->
	commands(Protocol:send(Frame, ProtoState), State);
connected(cast, {ws_send, ReplyTo, _}, _) ->
	ReplyTo ! {gun_error, self(), {badstate,
		"Connection needs to be upgraded to Websocket "
		"before the gun:ws_send/1 function can be used."}},
	keep_state_and_data;
connected(Type, Event, State) ->
	handle_common(Type, Event, ?FUNCTION_NAME, State).

%% Common events.
handle_common(cast, {shutdown, Owner}, _, #state{owner=Owner}) ->
	%% @todo Graceful shutdown.
	stop;
%% We stop when the owner is gone.
handle_common(info, {'DOWN', OwnerRef, process, Owner, Reason}, _, #state{
		owner=Owner, owner_ref=OwnerRef, socket=Socket, transport=Transport,
		protocol=Protocol, protocol_state=ProtoState}) ->
	_ = case Protocol of
		undefined -> ok;
		_ -> Protocol:close(owner_gone, ProtoState)
	end,
	_ = case Socket of
		undefined -> ok;
		_ -> Transport:close(Socket)
	end,
	owner_gone(Reason);
handle_common({call, From}, _, _, _) ->
	{keep_state_and_data, {reply, From, {error, bad_call}}};
%% @todo The ReplyTo patch disabled the notowner behavior.
%% We need to add an option to enforce this behavior if needed.
handle_common(cast, Any, _, #state{owner=Owner}) when element(2, Any) =/= Owner ->
	element(2, Any) ! {gun_error, self(), {notowner,
		"Operations are restricted to the owner of the connection."}},
	keep_state_and_data;
handle_common(Type, Event, StateName, StateData) ->
	error_logger:error_msg("Unexpected event in state ~p of type ~p:~n~w~n~p~n",
		[StateName, Type, Event, StateData]),
	keep_state_and_data.

commands(Command, State) when not is_list(Command) ->
	commands([Command], State);
commands([], State) ->
	{keep_state, State};
commands([close|_], State) ->
	disconnect(State, normal);
commands([Error={error, _}|_], State) ->
	disconnect(State, Error);
commands([{state, ProtoState}|Tail], State) ->
	commands(Tail, State#state{protocol_state=ProtoState});
%% @todo The scheme should probably not be ignored.
%%
%% Order is important: the origin must be changed before
%% the transport and/or protocol in order to keep track
%% of the intermediaries properly.
commands([{origin, _Scheme, Host, Port, Type}|Tail],
		State=#state{transport=Transport, protocol=Protocol,
			origin_host=IntermediateHost, origin_port=IntermediatePort,
			intermediaries=Intermediaries}) ->
	Info = #{
		type => Type,
		host => IntermediateHost,
		port => IntermediatePort,
		transport => Transport:name(),
		protocol => Protocol:name()
	},
	commands(Tail, State#state{origin_host=Host, origin_port=Port,
		intermediaries=[Info|Intermediaries]});
commands([{switch_transport, Transport, Socket}|Tail], State) ->
	commands(Tail, State#state{socket=Socket, transport=Transport});
%% @todo The two loops should be reunified and this clause generalized.
commands([{switch_protocol, Protocol=gun_ws, ProtoState}], State) ->
	{keep_state, keepalive_cancel(State#state{protocol=Protocol, protocol_state=ProtoState})};
%% @todo And this state should probably not be ignored.
commands([{switch_protocol, Protocol, _ProtoState0}|Tail],
		State=#state{owner=Owner, opts=Opts, socket=Socket, transport=Transport}) ->
	ProtoOpts = maps:get(http2_opts, Opts, #{}),
	ProtoState = Protocol:init(Owner, Socket, Transport, ProtoOpts),
	commands(Tail, keepalive_timeout(State#state{protocol=Protocol, protocol_state=ProtoState})).

disconnect(State=#state{owner=Owner, opts=Opts,
		socket=Socket, transport=Transport,
		protocol=Protocol, protocol_state=ProtoState}, Reason) ->
	Protocol:close(Reason, ProtoState),
	%% @todo Need a special state for orderly shutdown of a connection.
	Transport:close(Socket),
	%% We closed the socket, discard any remaining socket events.
	disconnect_flush(State),
	%% @todo Stop keepalive timeout, flush message.
	{KilledStreams, UnprocessedStreams} = Protocol:down(ProtoState),
	Owner ! {gun_down, self(), Protocol:name(), Reason, KilledStreams, UnprocessedStreams},
	Retry = maps:get(retry, Opts, 5),
	{next_state, not_connected,
		keepalive_cancel(State#state{socket=undefined,
			protocol=undefined, protocol_state=undefined, last_error=Reason}),
		{next_event, internal, {retries, Retry}}}.

disconnect_flush(State=#state{socket=Socket, messages={OK, Closed, Error}}) ->
	receive
		{OK, Socket, _} -> disconnect_flush(State);
		{Closed, Socket} -> disconnect_flush(State);
		{Error, Socket, _} -> disconnect_flush(State)
	after 0 ->
		ok
	end.

active(State=#state{socket=Socket, transport=Transport}) ->
	Transport:setopts(Socket, [{active, once}]),
	State.

keepalive_timeout(State=#state{opts=Opts, protocol=Protocol}) ->
	%% @todo Might not be worth checking every time?
	ProtoOptsKey = case Protocol of
		gun_http -> http_opts;
		gun_http2 -> http2_opts
	end,
	ProtoOpts = maps:get(ProtoOptsKey, Opts, #{}),
	Keepalive = maps:get(keepalive, ProtoOpts, 5000),
	KeepaliveRef = case Keepalive of
		infinity -> undefined;
		%% @todo Maybe change that to a start_timer.
		_ -> erlang:send_after(Keepalive, self(), keepalive)
	end,
	State#state{keepalive_ref=KeepaliveRef}.

keepalive_cancel(State=#state{keepalive_ref=undefined}) ->
	State;
keepalive_cancel(State=#state{keepalive_ref=KeepaliveRef}) ->
	_ = erlang:cancel_timer(KeepaliveRef),
	%% Flush if we have a keepalive message
	receive
		keepalive -> ok
	after 0 ->
		ok
	end,
	State#state{keepalive_ref=undefined}.

-spec owner_gone(_) -> stop | {stop, _}.
owner_gone(normal) -> stop;
owner_gone(shutdown) -> {stop, shutdown};
owner_gone(Shutdown = {shutdown, _}) -> {stop, Shutdown};
owner_gone(Reason) -> {stop, {owner_gone, Reason}}.