From 5ff790b8d2b04152d0bf851cbf759f3c33cf53e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Lo=C3=AFc=20Hoguin?= Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2020 14:09:51 +0100 Subject: Gun 2.0.0-pre.2 and Cowlib 2.9.0 --- .../content/articles/cowboy2-performance.asciidoc | 80 +++++ _build/content/articles/gun-2.0.0-pre.2.asciidoc | 59 ++++ _build/data/projects/cowlib.toml | 4 +- articles/asciideck/index.html | 4 + articles/cowboy-2.0.0-pre.4/index.html | 4 + articles/cowboy-2.0.0-rc.1/index.html | 4 + articles/cowboy-2.0.0-rc.2/index.html | 4 + articles/cowboy-2.0.0/index.html | 4 + articles/cowboy-2.1.0/index.html | 4 + articles/cowboy-2.2.0/index.html | 4 + articles/cowboy-2.3.0/index.html | 4 + articles/cowboy-2.4.0/index.html | 4 + articles/cowboy-2.5.0/index.html | 4 + articles/cowboy-2.6.0/index.html | 4 + articles/cowboy-2.7.0/index.html | 4 + articles/cowboy2-qs/index.html | 4 + articles/dont-let-it-crash/index.html | 4 + .../erlang-meetup-10-septembre-2019/index.html | 4 + 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docs/en/cowlib/2.9/manual/cowlib_app/index.html create mode 100644 docs/en/cowlib/2.9/manual/index.html create mode 100644 docs/en/gun/2.0/manual/gun_cookies.domain_match/index.html create mode 100644 docs/en/gun/2.0/manual/gun_cookies.path_match/index.html create mode 100644 docs/en/gun/2.0/manual/gun_cookies/index.html create mode 100644 docs/en/gun/2.0/manual/gun_cookies_list/index.html diff --git a/_build/content/articles/cowboy2-performance.asciidoc b/_build/content/articles/cowboy2-performance.asciidoc new file mode 100644 index 00000000..269be791 --- /dev/null +++ b/_build/content/articles/cowboy2-performance.asciidoc @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ ++++ +date = "2020-12-07T07:00:00+01:00" +title = "Cowboy 2 performance" + ++++ + +https://github.com/sponsors/essen[You can now reward my work via GitHub Sponsors]. + +Recently an article was published by Stressgrid entitled +https://stressgrid.com/blog/cowboy_performance/[Survey of Cowboy Webserver Performance] +that compares Cowboy performance across the different versions +as well as Erlang/OTP versions. The results are not very surprising +to me personally (although the drop is bigger than I expected), +but they might be to others. + +This prompted an experiment that I will now describe in two parts. +The first part is about modifying Cowboy to use `active,N` instead +of `active,once` to reduce the amount of time spent in the TCP +driver. The second part is about writing a stream handler in order +to squeeze the most performance out of Cowboy 2. + +In order to support both HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 with a common interface +(as well as HTTP/3 in the future), Cowboy 2 switched from the model +of "one process per connection" to "one process per connection + +one process per request". This is required because from HTTP/2 +onward requests are processed concurrently rather than sequentially, +not to mention the protocols include a number of control messages +that must be handled at the same time. + +But this necessarily has some impact on the performance of HTTP/1.1 +connections, and this is what the Stressgrid benchmarks show. Note +that while I will demonstrate in this article that it is indeed the +use of multiple processes that causes this reduction in performance, +I do not really know why this happens, though. + +After reading the blog post I started experimenting. I took Cowboy's +`hello_world` example and added https://github.com/rabbitmq/looking_glass[Looking Glass] +to the release. I then ran a quick benchmark against the example with +Looking Glass enabled: + +``` erlang +$ make run +... +(hello_world_example@host)1> lg:trace([ + {app, ranch}, {app, cowlib}, {app, cowboy}, {app, stdlib} +], lg_file_tracer, "traces.lz4", #{mode => profile, running => true}). +ok +... Run the benchmark here for a few seconds. +(hello_world_example@host)2> lg:stop(). +ok +(hello_world_example@host)3> lg_callgrind:profile_many("traces.lz4.*", "callgrind.out", #{running => true}). +ok +(hello_world_example@host)4> q(). +... +$ qcachegrind _rel/hello_world_example/callgrind.out +``` + +The benchmark can be done with `wrk` for example: + +``` bash +$ wrk -c100 -d10s http://localhost:8080 +``` + +The benchmark results don't matter, what we want is to see what +`qcachegrind` tells us about what happened in the system while +the benchmark was running. + +// @todo Need to run the above again in order to extract a picture to put here. + +What we can see in the above picture is that around 8% of the +active time (the time when processes are not waiting for messages) +is spent in `ranch_tcp:setopts/2`. This is when Cowboy sets +`active,once`. Turns out this is really expensive, at least +with synthetic benchmarks, if not more. + +A few years ago Steve Vinoski added `active,N` to Erlang/OTP +to reduce the amount of time spent in the TCP driver. Instead +of having to call `setops/2` for every packet we want to get +from the socket, we can tell the driver how many packets we +want and reduce the number of `setopts/2` calls. diff --git a/_build/content/articles/gun-2.0.0-pre.2.asciidoc b/_build/content/articles/gun-2.0.0-pre.2.asciidoc new file mode 100644 index 00000000..441e27aa --- /dev/null +++ b/_build/content/articles/gun-2.0.0-pre.2.asciidoc @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ ++++ +date = "2019-09-27T07:00:00+01:00" +title = "Gun 2.0 pre-release 2" + ++++ + +Gun `2.0.0-pre.2` has been released! + +The second pre-release version of Gun 2.0 has been released! +Gun 2.0 adds a ton of features along with a small number of +breaking changes. + +The main highlight of this pre-release is the support for +a pluggable cookie store mechanism. Gun 2.0 comes with a +cookie store engine that can automatically process cookies +and store them to and retrieve them from a pluggable backend. + +Gun 2.0 comes with the `gun_cookies_list` backend which can +be enabled via the new `cookie_store` option. This backend +will keep cookies in-memory on a per-connection basis and +without any persistence built-in. It should however be easy +to create a backend on top of this one to add persistence +or share the cookie store backend between multiple connections +should that be necessary. + +The cookie store engine implements the RFC6265bis draft that +will become a proper RFC in the nearby future and includes +all the most recent improvements to cookies that modern +browsers have implemented. Gun is not a browser however so +some features were skipped (at least for now): there is no +support for setting cookies from the Erlang side; and there +is no SameSite checks because Gun does not have a concept of +a "browsing context". + +Please consult the link:/articles/gun-2.0.0-pre.1/[announcement for the first pre-release] +for information about other Gun 2.0 features. + +Gun 2.0 currently requires Erlang/OTP 22 or above and is tested +and supported on Linux, FreeBSD, macOS and Windows. + +A complete +list of changes can be found in the migration guide: +https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/2.0/guide/migrating_from_1.3/[Migrating from Gun 1.3 to 2.0]. + +I will have more free time available for consulting or for +paid open source development starting from next week. If you +are interested, drop me an email at mailto:contact@ninenines.eu[contact@ninenines.eu]. +A feature that may be useful for some of you could be for +example an implementation for the "Happy Eyeballs" mechanism +(RFC 8305) as this would allow faster connections to servers +on dual IPv4 and IPv6 environments. + +You can donate to this project via +https://github.com/sponsors/essen[GitHub Sponsors]. +These funds are used to pay for additional servers for +testing. + +As usual, feedback is appreciated, and issues or +questions should be sent via Github tickets. Thanks! diff --git a/_build/data/projects/cowlib.toml b/_build/data/projects/cowlib.toml index 21b72bad..a28a4569 100644 --- a/_build/data/projects/cowlib.toml +++ b/_build/data/projects/cowlib.toml @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ catchphrase = "Support library for the Web." description = "The Web toolbox for HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, Websocket, Multipart, Cookies, URL encoding..." name = "cowlib" repository = "https://github.com/ninenines/cowlib" -versions = ["2.8"] -branches = ["master"] +versions = ["2.9", "2.8"] +branches = ["2.9.0", "2.8.0"] has_source = true has_manual = true diff --git a/articles/asciideck/index.html b/articles/asciideck/index.html index a5e302f9..4256fa56 100644 --- a/articles/asciideck/index.html +++ b/articles/asciideck/index.html @@ -126,6 +126,10 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +
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    Gun 2.0 pre-release 2

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    Gun 2.0.0-pre.2 has been released!

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    The second pre-release version of Gun 2.0 has been released! Gun 2.0 adds a ton of features along with a small number of breaking changes.

    +

    The main highlight of this pre-release is the support for a pluggable cookie store mechanism. Gun 2.0 comes with a cookie store engine that can automatically process cookies and store them to and retrieve them from a pluggable backend.

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    Gun 2.0 comes with the gun_cookies_list backend which can be enabled via the new cookie_store option. This backend will keep cookies in-memory on a per-connection basis and without any persistence built-in. It should however be easy to create a backend on top of this one to add persistence or share the cookie store backend between multiple connections should that be necessary.

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    The cookie store engine implements the RFC6265bis draft that will become a proper RFC in the nearby future and includes all the most recent improvements to cookies that modern browsers have implemented. Gun is not a browser however so some features were skipped (at least for now): there is no support for setting cookies from the Erlang side; and there is no SameSite checks because Gun does not have a concept of a "browsing context".

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    Please consult the announcement for the first pre-release for information about other Gun 2.0 features.

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    Gun 2.0 currently requires Erlang/OTP 22 or above and is tested and supported on Linux, FreeBSD, macOS and Windows.

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    A complete list of changes can be found in the migration guide: Migrating from Gun 1.3 to 2.0.

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    I will have more free time available for consulting or for paid open source development starting from next week. If you are interested, drop me an email at contact@ninenines.eu. A feature that may be useful for some of you could be for example an implementation for the "Happy Eyeballs" mechanism (RFC 8305) as this would allow faster connections to servers on dual IPv4 and IPv6 environments.

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    You can donate to this project via GitHub Sponsors. These funds are used to pay for additional servers for testing.

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    As usual, feedback is appreciated, and issues or questions should be sent via Github tickets. Thanks!

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    More articles

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    Feedback

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    Feel free to email us +if you found any mistake or need clarification on any of the +articles.

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    + + + + + + + + diff --git a/articles/index.html b/articles/index.html index 6d41883f..8470effe 100644 --- a/articles/index.html +++ b/articles/index.html @@ -136,6 +136,25 @@ Before listing the features please note that this pre-release includes a fix for

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    Gun 2.0 pre-release 2

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    + 2019 + 27 Sep +

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    Gun 2.0.0-pre.2 has been released! +The second pre-release version of Gun 2.0 has been released! Gun 2.0 adds a ton of features along with a small number of breaking changes. +The main highlight of this pre-release is the support for a pluggable cookie store mechanism. Gun 2.0 comes with a cookie store engine that can automatically process cookies and store them to and retrieve them from a pluggable backend. +Gun 2.

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    + Read More +

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    +

    Erlang meetup: 10 septembre 2019

    @@ -416,24 +435,6 @@ As usual, feedback is appreciated, and issues should be reported by opening a ti

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    Cowboy 2.2

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    - 2017 - 13 Dec -

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    Cowboy 2.2.0 has been released! -This release focused on adding features required for writing gRPC servers and on completing test suites for the core HTTP RFCs. -The cowboy_req:stream_trailers/2 function has been added. It terminates the streamed response by adding some trailer field values. This feature is required for gRPC. The max_skip_body_length option was added. It controls how much of the request body we are willing to skip to get to the next request for HTTP/1.

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    - Read More -

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