aboutsummaryrefslogblamecommitdiffstats
path: root/erts/doc/src/erl.xml
blob: fc1cd13fc9970f0cd1148947ed00ec4c852a0cae (plain) (tree)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                                                                                           
                                             



                                                              




                                                                             









































































































































































































































































































































































































                                                                                                                                                                          
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?>
<!DOCTYPE comref SYSTEM "comref.dtd">

<comref>
  <header>
    <copyright>
      <year>1996</year><year>2009</year>
      <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
    </copyright>
    <legalnotice>
      The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
      Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
      compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
      Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
      retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
    
      Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
      basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
      the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
      under the License.
    
    </legalnotice>

    <title>erl</title>
    <prepared></prepared>
    <docno></docno>
    <date></date>
    <rev></rev>
    <file>erl.xml</file>
  </header>
  <com>erl</com>
  <comsummary>The Erlang Emulator</comsummary>
  <description>
    <p>The <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c> program starts an Erlang runtime system.
      The exact details (for example, whether <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c> is a script or
      a program and which other programs it calls) are system-dependent.</p>
    <p>Windows users probably wants to use the <c><![CDATA[werl]]></c> program
      instead, which runs in its own window with scrollbars and supports
      command-line editing. The <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c> program on Windows provides
      no line editing in its shell, and on Windows 95 there is no way
      to scroll back to text which has scrolled off the screen.
      The <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c> program must be used, however, in pipelines or if
      you want to redirect standard input or output.</p>
  </description>
  <funcs>
    <func>
      <name>erl &lt;arguments></name>
      <fsummary>Start an Erlang runtime system</fsummary>
      <desc>
        <p>Starts an Erlang runtime system.</p>
        <p>The arguments can be divided into <em>emulator flags</em>,
          <em>flags</em> and <em>plain arguments</em>:</p>
        <list type="bulleted">
          <item>
            <p>Any argument starting with the character <c><![CDATA[+]]></c> is
              interpreted as an <seealso marker="#emu_flags">emulator flag</seealso>.</p>
            <p>As indicated by the name, emulator flags controls
              the behavior of the emulator.</p>
          </item>
          <item>
            <p>Any argument starting with the character <c><![CDATA[-]]></c>
              (hyphen) is interpreted as a
              <seealso marker="#init_flags">flag</seealso> which should
              be passed to the Erlang part of the runtime system, more
              specifically to the <c><![CDATA[init]]></c> system process, see
              <seealso marker="init">init(3)</seealso>.</p>
            <p>The <c><![CDATA[init]]></c> process itself interprets some of these
              flags, the <em>init flags</em>. It also stores any
              remaining flags, the <em>user flags</em>. The latter can
              be retrieved by calling <c><![CDATA[init:get_argument/1]]></c>.</p>
            <p>It can be noted that there are a small number of "-"
              flags which now actually are emulator flags, see
              the description below.</p>
          </item>
          <item>
            <p>Plain arguments are not interpreted in any way. They are
              also stored by the <c><![CDATA[init]]></c> process and can be
              retrieved by calling <c><![CDATA[init:get_plain_arguments/0]]></c>.
              Plain arguments can occur before the first flag, or after
              a <c><![CDATA[--]]></c> flag. Additionally, the flag <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c>
              causes everything that follows to become plain arguments.</p>
          </item>
        </list>
        <p>Example:</p>
        <pre>
% <input>erl +W w -sname arnie +R 9 -s my_init -extra +bertie</input>
(arnie@host)1> <input>init:get_argument(sname).</input>
{ok,[["arnie"]]}
(arnie@host)2> <input>init:get_plain_arguments().</input>
["+bertie"]</pre>
        <p>Here <c><![CDATA[+W w]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[+R 9]]></c> are emulator flags.
          <c><![CDATA[-s my_init]]></c> is an init flag, interpreted by <c><![CDATA[init]]></c>.
          <c><![CDATA[-sname arnie]]></c> is a user flag, stored by <c><![CDATA[init]]></c>.
          It is read by Kernel and will cause the Erlang runtime system
          to become distributed. Finally, everything after <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c>
          (that is, <c><![CDATA[+bertie]]></c>) is considered as plain arguments.</p>
        <pre>
% <input>erl -myflag 1</input>
1> <input>init:get_argument(myflag).</input>
{ok,[["1"]]}
2> <input>init:get_plain_arguments().</input>
[]</pre>
        <p>Here the user flag <c><![CDATA[-myflag 1]]></c> is passed to and stored
          by the <c><![CDATA[init]]></c> process. It is a user defined flag,
          presumably used by some user defined application.</p>
      </desc>
    </func>
  </funcs>

  <section>
    <marker id="init_flags"></marker>
    <title>Flags</title>
    <p>In the following list, init flags are marked (init flag).
      Unless otherwise specified, all other flags are user flags, for
      which the values can be retrieved by calling
      <c><![CDATA[init:get_argument/1]]></c>. Note that the list of user flags is
      not exhaustive, there may be additional, application specific
      flags which instead are documented in the corresponding
      application documentation.</p>
    <taglist>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[--]]></c>(init flag)</tag>
      <item>
        <p>Everything following <c><![CDATA[--]]></c> up to the next flag
          (<c><![CDATA[-flag]]></c> or <c><![CDATA[+flag]]></c>) is considered plain arguments
          and can be retrieved using <c><![CDATA[init:get_plain_arguments/0]]></c>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-Application Par Val]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Sets the application configuration parameter <c><![CDATA[Par]]></c> to
          the value <c><![CDATA[Val]]></c> for the application <c><![CDATA[Application]]></c>,
          see <seealso marker="kernel:app">app(4)</seealso> and
          <seealso marker="kernel:application">application(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-args_file FileName]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <marker id="args_file"></marker>
        <p>Command line arguments are read from the file <c><![CDATA[FileName]]></c>.
          The arguments read from the file replace the
          '<c><![CDATA[-args_file FileName]]></c>' flag on the resulting command line.</p>
        <p>The file <c><![CDATA[FileName]]></c> should be a plain text file and may
          contain comments and command line arguments. A comment begins
          with a # character and continues until next end of line character.
          Backslash (\\) is used as quoting character. All command line
          arguments accepted by <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c> are allowed, also the
          <c><![CDATA[-args_file FileName]]></c> flag. Be careful not to cause circular
          dependencies between files containing the <c><![CDATA[-args_file]]></c> flag,
          though.</p>
        <p>The <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c> flag is treated specially. Its scope ends
          at the end of the file. Arguments following an <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c>
          flag are moved on the command line into the <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c> section,
          i.e. the end of the command line following after an <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c>
          flag.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-async_shell_start]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>The initial Erlang shell does not read user input until
          the system boot procedure has been completed (Erlang 5.4 and
          later). This flag disables the start synchronization feature
          and lets the shell start in parallel with the rest of
          the system.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-boot File]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Specifies the name of the boot file, <c><![CDATA[File.boot]]></c>,
          which is used to start the system. See
          <seealso marker="init">init(3)</seealso>. Unless
          <c><![CDATA[File]]></c> contains an absolute path, the system searches
          for <c><![CDATA[File.boot]]></c> in the current and <c><![CDATA[$ROOT/bin]]></c>
          directories.</p>
        <p>Defaults to <c><![CDATA[$ROOT/bin/start.boot]]></c>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-boot_var Var Dir]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>If the boot script contains a path variable <c><![CDATA[Var]]></c> other
          than <c><![CDATA[$ROOT]]></c>, this variable is expanded to <c><![CDATA[Dir]]></c>.
          Used when applications are installed in another directory
          than <c><![CDATA[$ROOT/lib]]></c>, see
          <seealso marker="sasl:systools#make_script/1">systools:make_script/1,2</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-code_path_cache]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Enables the code path cache of the code server, see
          <seealso marker="kernel:code">code(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-compile Mod1 Mod2 ...]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Compiles the specified modules and then terminates (with
          non-zero exit code if the compilation of some file did not
          succeed). Implies <c><![CDATA[-noinput]]></c>. Not recommended - use
          <seealso marker="erlc">erlc</seealso> instead.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-config Config]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Specifies the name of a configuration file,
          <c><![CDATA[Config.config]]></c>, which is used to configure
          applications. See
          <seealso marker="kernel:app">app(4)</seealso> and
          <seealso marker="kernel:application">application(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-connect_all false]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <marker id="connect_all"></marker>
        <p>If this flag is present, <c><![CDATA[global]]></c> will not maintain a
          fully connected network of distributed Erlang nodes, and then
          global name registration cannot be used. See
          <seealso marker="kernel:global">global(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-cookie Cookie]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Obsolete flag without any effect and common misspelling for
          <c><![CDATA[-setcookie]]></c>. Use <c><![CDATA[-setcookie]]></c> instead.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-detached]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Starts the Erlang runtime system detached from the system
          console. Useful for running daemons and backgrounds processes.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-emu_args]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Useful for debugging. Prints out the actual arguments
          sent to the emulator.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-env Variable Value]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Sets the host OS environment variable <c><![CDATA[Variable]]></c> to
          the value <c><![CDATA[Value]]></c> for the Erlang runtime system.
          Example:</p>
        <pre>
% <input>erl -env DISPLAY gin:0</input></pre>
        <p>In this example, an Erlang runtime system is started with
          the <c><![CDATA[DISPLAY]]></c> environment variable set to <c><![CDATA[gin:0]]></c>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-eval Expr]]></c>(init flag)</tag>
      <item>
        <p>Makes <c><![CDATA[init]]></c> evaluate the expression <c><![CDATA[Expr]]></c>, see
          <seealso marker="init">init(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c>(init flag)</tag>
      <item>
        <p>Everything following <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c> is considered plain
          arguments and can be retrieved using
          <c><![CDATA[init:get_plain_arguments/0]]></c>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-heart]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Starts heart beat monitoring of the Erlang runtime system.
          See <seealso marker="kernel:heart">heart(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-hidden]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Starts the Erlang runtime system as a hidden node, if it is
          run as a distributed node. Hidden nodes always establish
          hidden connections to all other nodes except for nodes in the
          same global group. Hidden connections are not published on
          neither of the connected nodes, i.e. neither of the connected
          nodes are part of the result from <c><![CDATA[nodes/0]]></c> on the other
          node. See also hidden global groups,
          <seealso marker="kernel:global_group">global_group(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-hosts Hosts]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Specifies the IP addresses for the hosts on which Erlang
          boot servers are running, see
          <seealso marker="kernel:erl_boot_server">erl_boot_server(3)</seealso>.
          This flag is mandatory if the <c><![CDATA[-loader inet]]></c> flag is
          present.</p>
        <p>The IP addresses must be given in the standard form (four
          decimal numbers separated by periods, for example
          <c><![CDATA["150.236.20.74"]]></c>. Hosts names are not acceptable, but
          a broadcast address (preferably limited to the local network)
          is.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-id Id]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Specifies the identity of the Erlang runtime system. If it is
          run as a distributed node, <c><![CDATA[Id]]></c> must be identical to
          the name supplied together with the <c><![CDATA[-sname]]></c> or
          <c><![CDATA[-name]]></c> flag.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-init_debug]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Makes <c><![CDATA[init]]></c> write some debug information while
          interpreting the boot script.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-instr]]></c>(emulator flag)</tag>
      <item>
        <marker id="instr"></marker>
        <p>Selects an instrumented Erlang runtime system (virtual
          machine) to run, instead of the ordinary one. When running an
          instrumented runtime system, some resource usage data can be
          obtained and analysed using the module <c><![CDATA[instrument]]></c>.
          Functionally, it behaves exactly like an ordinary Erlang
          runtime system.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-loader Loader]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Specifies the method used by <c><![CDATA[erl_prim_loader]]></c> to load
          Erlang modules into the system. See
          <seealso marker="erl_prim_loader">erl_prim_loader(3)</seealso>.
          Two <c><![CDATA[Loader]]></c> methods are supported, <c><![CDATA[efile]]></c> and
          <c><![CDATA[inet]]></c>. <c><![CDATA[efile]]></c> means use the local file system,
          this is the default. <c><![CDATA[inet]]></c> means use a boot server on
          another machine, and the <c><![CDATA[-id]]></c>, <c><![CDATA[-hosts]]></c> and
          <c><![CDATA[-setcookie]]></c> flags must be specified as well. If
          <c><![CDATA[Loader]]></c> is something else, the user supplied
          <c><![CDATA[Loader]]></c> port program is started.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-make]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Makes the Erlang runtime system invoke <c><![CDATA[make:all()]]></c> in
          the current working directory and then terminate. See
          <seealso marker="tools:make">make(3)</seealso>. Implies
          <c><![CDATA[-noinput]]></c>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-man Module]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Displays the manual page for the Erlang module <c><![CDATA[Module]]></c>.
          Only supported on Unix.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-mode interactive | embedded]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Indicates if the system should load code dynamically
          (<c><![CDATA[interactive]]></c>), or if all code should be loaded
          during system initialization (<c><![CDATA[embedded]]></c>), see
          <seealso marker="kernel:code">code(3)</seealso>. Defaults to
          <c><![CDATA[interactive]]></c>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-name Name]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Makes the Erlang runtime system into a distributed node.
          This flag invokes all network servers necessary for a node to
          become distributed. See
          <seealso marker="kernel:net_kernel">net_kernel(3)</seealso>.
          It is also ensured that <c><![CDATA[epmd]]></c> runs on the current host
          before Erlang is started. See
          <seealso marker="epmd">epmd(1)</seealso>.</p>
        <p>The name of the node will be <c><![CDATA[Name@Host]]></c>, where
          <c><![CDATA[Host]]></c> is the fully qualified host name of the current
          host. For short names, use the <c><![CDATA[-sname]]></c> flag instead.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-noinput]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Ensures that the Erlang runtime system never tries to read
          any input. Implies <c><![CDATA[-noshell]]></c>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-noshell]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Starts an Erlang runtime system with no shell. This flag
          makes it possible to have the Erlang runtime system as a
          component in a series of UNIX pipes.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-nostick]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Disables the sticky directory facility of the Erlang code
          server, see
          <seealso marker="kernel:code">code(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-oldshell]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Invokes the old Erlang shell from Erlang 3.3. The old shell
          can still be used.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-pa Dir1 Dir2 ...]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Adds the specified directories to the beginning of the code
          path, similar to <c><![CDATA[code:add_pathsa/1]]></c>. See
          <seealso marker="kernel:code">code(3)</seealso>.
	  As an alternative to <c>-pa</c>, if several directories are
	  to be prepended to the code and the directories have a
	  common parent directory, that parent directory could be
	  specified in the <c>ERL_LIBS</c> environment variable.
	  See <seealso marker="kernel:code">code(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-pz Dir1 Dir2 ...]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Adds the specified directories to the end of the code path,
          similar to <c><![CDATA[code:add_pathsz/1]]></c>. See
          <seealso marker="kernel:code">code(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-remsh Node]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Starts Erlang with a remote shell connected to <c><![CDATA[Node]]></c>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-rsh Program]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Specifies an alternative to <c><![CDATA[rsh]]></c> for starting a slave
          node on a remote host. See
          <seealso marker="stdlib:slave">slave(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-run Mod [Func [Arg1, Arg2, ...]]]]></c>(init flag)</tag>
      <item>
        <p>Makes <c><![CDATA[init]]></c> call the specified function. <c><![CDATA[Func]]></c>
          defaults to <c><![CDATA[start]]></c>. If no arguments are provided,
          the function is assumed to be of arity 0. Otherwise it is
          assumed to be of arity 1, taking the list
          <c><![CDATA[[Arg1,Arg2,...]]]></c> as argument. All arguments are passed
          as strings. See
          <seealso marker="init">init(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-s Mod [Func [Arg1, Arg2, ...]]]]></c>(init flag)</tag>
      <item>
        <p>Makes <c><![CDATA[init]]></c> call the specified function. <c><![CDATA[Func]]></c>
          defaults to <c><![CDATA[start]]></c>. If no arguments are provided,
          the function is assumed to be of arity 0. Otherwise it is
          assumed to be of arity 1, taking the list
          <c><![CDATA[[Arg1,Arg2,...]]]></c> as argument. All arguments are passed
          as atoms. See
          <seealso marker="init">init(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-setcookie Cookie]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Sets the magic cookie of the node to <c><![CDATA[Cookie]]></c>, see
          <seealso marker="erlang#erlang:set_cookie/2">erlang:set_cookie/2</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-shutdown_time Time]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Specifies how long time (in milliseconds) the <c><![CDATA[init]]></c>
          process is allowed to spend shutting down the system. If
          <c><![CDATA[Time]]></c> ms have elapsed, all processes still existing are
          killed. Defaults to <c><![CDATA[infinity]]></c>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-sname Name]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Makes the Erlang runtime system into a distributed node,
          similar to <c><![CDATA[-name]]></c>, but the host name portion of the node
          name <c><![CDATA[Name@Host]]></c> will be the short name, not fully
          qualified.</p>
        <p>This is sometimes the only way to run distributed Erlang if
          the DNS (Domain Name System) is not running. There can be no
          communication between nodes running with the <c><![CDATA[-sname]]></c>
          flag and those running with the <c><![CDATA[-name]]></c> flag, as node
          names must be unique in distributed Erlang systems.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-smp [enable|auto|disable]]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <marker id="smp"></marker>
        <p><c>-smp enable</c> and <c>-smp</c> starts the Erlang runtime
	  system with SMP support enabled. This may fail if no runtime
	  system with SMP support is available. <c>-smp auto</c> starts
	  the Erlang runtime system with SMP support enabled if it is
	  available and more than one logical processor are detected.
	  <c>-smp disable</c> starts a runtime system without SMP support.
	  By default <c>-smp auto</c> will be used unless a conflicting
	  parameter has been passed, then <c>-smp disable</c> will be
	  used. Currently only the <c>-hybrid</c> parameter conflicts
	  with <c>-smp auto</c>.</p>
        <p><em>NOTE</em>: The runtime system with SMP support will not
          be available on all supported platforms. See also the
          <seealso marker="#+S">+S</seealso> flag.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[-version]]></c>(emulator flag)</tag>
      <item>
        <p>Makes the emulator print out its version number. The same
          as <c><![CDATA[erl +V]]></c>.</p>
      </item>
    </taglist>
  </section>

  <section>
    <marker id="emu_flags"></marker>
    <title>Emulator Flags</title>
    <p><c><![CDATA[erl]]></c> invokes the code for the Erlang emulator (virtual
      machine), which supports the following flags:</p>
    <taglist>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+a size]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <marker id="async_thread_stack_size"></marker>
        <p>Suggested stack size, in kilowords, for threads in the
          async-thread pool. Valid range is 16-8192 kilowords. The
          default suggested stack size is 16 kilowords, i.e, 64
          kilobyte on 32-bit architectures. This small default size
          has been chosen since the amount of async-threads might
          be quite large. The default size is enough for drivers
          delivered with Erlang/OTP, but might not be sufficiently
          large for other dynamically linked in drivers that use the
          <seealso marker="erl_driver#driver_async">driver_async()</seealso>
          functionality. Note that the value passed is only a
          suggestion, and it might even be ignored on some
          platforms.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+A size]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <marker id="async_thread_pool_size"></marker>
        <p>Sets the number of threads in async thread pool, valid range
          is 0-1024. Default is 0.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+B [c | d | i]]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>The <c><![CDATA[c]]></c> option makes <c><![CDATA[Ctrl-C]]></c> interrupt the current
          shell instead of invoking the emulator break handler.
          The <c><![CDATA[d]]></c> option (same as specifying <c><![CDATA[+B]]></c> without an
          extra option) disables the break handler. The <c><![CDATA[i]]></c> option
          makes the emulator ignore any break signal.</p>
        <p>If the <c><![CDATA[c]]></c> option is used with <c><![CDATA[oldshell]]></c> on Unix,
          <c><![CDATA[Ctrl-C]]></c> will restart the shell process rather than
          interrupt it.</p>
        <p>Note that on Windows, this flag is only applicable for 
          <c><![CDATA[werl]]></c>, not <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c> (<c><![CDATA[oldshell]]></c>). Note also that
          <c><![CDATA[Ctrl-Break]]></c> is used instead of <c><![CDATA[Ctrl-C]]></c> on Windows.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+c]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Disable compensation for sudden changes of system time.</p>
        <p>Normally, <c><![CDATA[erlang:now/0]]></c> will not immediately reflect
          sudden changes in the system time, in order to keep timers
          (including <c><![CDATA[receive-after]]></c>) working. Instead, the time
          maintained by <c><![CDATA[erlang:now/0]]></c> is slowly adjusted towards
          the new system time. (Slowly means in one percent adjustments;
          if the time is off by one minute, the time will be adjusted
          in 100 minutes.)</p>
        <p>When the <c><![CDATA[+c]]></c> option is given, this slow adjustment
          will not take place. Instead <c><![CDATA[erlang:now/0]]></c> will always
          reflect the current system time. Note that timers are based
          on <c><![CDATA[erlang:now/0]]></c>. If the system time jumps, timers
          then time out at the wrong time.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+d]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>If the emulator detects an internal error (or runs out of memory),
	it will by default generate both a crash dump and a core dump.
	The core dump will, however, not be very useful since the content
	of process heaps is destroyed by the crash dump generation.</p>

	<p>The <c>+d</c> option instructs the emulator to only produce a
	core dump and no crash dump if an internal error is detected.</p>

	<p>Calling <c>erlang:halt/1</c> with a string argument will still
	produce a crash dump.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+hms Size]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Sets the default heap size of processes to the size
          <c><![CDATA[Size]]></c>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+hmbs Size]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Sets the default binary virtual heap size of processes to the size
          <c><![CDATA[Size]]></c>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+K true | false]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Enables or disables the kernel poll functionality if
          the emulator supports it. Default is <c><![CDATA[false]]></c> (disabled).
          If the emulator does not support kernel poll, and
          the <c><![CDATA[+K]]></c> flag is passed to the emulator, a warning is
          issued at startup.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+l]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Enables auto load tracing, displaying info while loading
          code.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+MFlag Value]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <marker id="erts_alloc"></marker>
        <p>Memory allocator specific flags, see
          <seealso marker="erts_alloc">erts_alloc(3)</seealso> for
          further information.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+P Number]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <marker id="max_processes"></marker>
        <p>Sets the maximum number of concurrent processes for this
          system. <c><![CDATA[Number]]></c> must be in the range 16..134217727.
          Default is 32768.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+R ReleaseNumber]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <marker id="compat_rel"></marker>
        <p>Sets the compatibility mode.</p>
        <p>The distribution mechanism is not backwards compatible by
          default. This flags sets the emulator in compatibility mode
          with an earlier Erlang/OTP release <c><![CDATA[ReleaseNumber]]></c>.
          The release number must be in the range
          <c><![CDATA[7..<current release>]]></c>. This limits the emulator,
          making it possible for it to communicate with Erlang nodes
          (as well as C- and Java nodes) running that earlier release.</p>
        <p>For example, an R10 node is not automatically compatible
          with an R9 node, but R10 nodes started with the <c><![CDATA[+R 9]]></c>
          flag can co-exist with R9 nodes in the same distributed
          Erlang system, they are R9-compatible.</p>
        <p>Note: Make sure all nodes (Erlang-,  C-, and Java nodes) of
          a distributed Erlang system is of the same Erlang/OTP release,
          or from two different Erlang/OTP releases X and Y, where
          <em>all</em> Y nodes have compatibility mode X.</p>
        <p>For example: A distributed Erlang system can consist of
          R10 nodes, or of R9 nodes and R9-compatible R10 nodes, but
          not of R9 nodes, R9-compatible R10 nodes and "regular" R10
          nodes, as R9 and "regular" R10 nodes are not compatible.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+r]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Force ets memory block to be moved on realloc.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+S Schedulers:SchedulerOnline]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <marker id="+S"></marker>
        <p>Sets the amount of scheduler threads to create and scheduler
	  threads to set online when SMP support has been enabled.
	  Valid range for both values are 1-1024. If the
          Erlang runtime system is able to determine the amount
          of logical processors configured and logical processors available,
	  <c>Schedulers</c> will default to logical processors configured,
	  and <c>SchedulersOnline</c> will default to logical processors
	  available; otherwise, the default values will be 1. <c>Schedulers</c>
	  may be omitted if <c>:SchedulerOnline</c> is not and vice versa. The
	  amount of schedulers online can be changed at run time via
	  <seealso marker="erlang#system_flag_schedulers_online">erlang:system_flag(schedulers_online, SchedulersOnline)</seealso>.
	</p>
        <p>This flag will be ignored if the emulator doesn't have
          SMP support enabled (see the <seealso marker="#smp">-smp</seealso>
          flag).</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+sFlag Value]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Scheduling specific flags.</p>
        <taglist>
          <tag>+sbt BindType</tag>
          <item>
	    <marker id="+sbt"></marker>
            <p>Set scheduler bind type. Currently valid <c>BindType</c>s:
	    </p>
	    <taglist>
	      <tag><c>u</c></tag>
	      <item><p>Same as
	      <seealso marker="erlang#system_flag_scheduler_bind_type">erlang:system_flag(scheduler_bind_type, unbound)</seealso>.
	      </p></item>
	      <tag><c>ns</c></tag>
	      <item><p>Same as
	      <seealso marker="erlang#system_flag_scheduler_bind_type">erlang:system_flag(scheduler_bind_type, no_spread)</seealso>.
	      </p></item>
	      <tag><c>ts</c></tag>
	      <item><p>Same as
	      <seealso marker="erlang#system_flag_scheduler_bind_type">erlang:system_flag(scheduler_bind_type, thread_spread)</seealso>.
	      </p></item>
	      <tag><c>ps</c></tag>
	      <item><p>Same as
	      <seealso marker="erlang#system_flag_scheduler_bind_type">erlang:system_flag(scheduler_bind_type, processor_spread)</seealso>.
	      </p></item>
	      <tag><c>s</c></tag>
	      <item><p>Same as
	      <seealso marker="erlang#system_flag_scheduler_bind_type">erlang:system_flag(scheduler_bind_type, spread)</seealso>.
	      </p></item>
	      <tag><c>nnts</c></tag>
	      <item><p>Same as
	      <seealso marker="erlang#system_flag_scheduler_bind_type">erlang:system_flag(scheduler_bind_type, no_node_thread_spread)</seealso>.
	      </p></item>
	      <tag><c>nnps</c></tag>
	      <item><p>Same as
	      <seealso marker="erlang#system_flag_scheduler_bind_type">erlang:system_flag(scheduler_bind_type, no_node_processor_spread)</seealso>.
	      </p></item>
	      <tag><c>tnnps</c></tag>
	      <item><p>Same as
	      <seealso marker="erlang#system_flag_scheduler_bind_type">erlang:system_flag(scheduler_bind_type, thread_no_node_processor_spread)</seealso>.
	      </p></item>
	      <tag><c>db</c></tag>
	      <item><p>Same as
	      <seealso marker="erlang#system_flag_scheduler_bind_type">erlang:system_flag(scheduler_bind_type, default_bind)</seealso>.
	      </p></item>
	    </taglist>
	    <p>Binding of schedulers are currently only supported on newer
	       Linux and Solaris systems.</p>
	    <p>If no CPU topology is available when the <c>+sbt</c> flag
	       is processed and <c>BindType</c> is any other type than
	       <c>u</c>, the runtime system will fail to start. CPU
	       topology can be defined using the
	       <seealso marker="#+sct">+sct</seealso> flag. Note
	       that the <c>+sct</c> flag may have to be passed before the
	       <c>+sbt</c> flag on the command line (in case no CPU topology
	       has been automatically detected).</p>
	    <p>For more information, see
	    <seealso marker="erlang#system_flag_scheduler_bind_type">erlang:system_flag(scheduler_bind_type, SchedulerBindType)</seealso>.
	    </p>
          </item>
          <tag><c>+sct CpuTopology</c></tag>
          <item>
	    <marker id="+sct"></marker>
            <list type="bulleted">
              <item><c><![CDATA[<Id> = integer(); when 0 =< <Id> =< 65535]]></c></item>
              <item><c><![CDATA[<IdRange> = <Id>-<Id>]]></c></item>
              <item><c><![CDATA[<IdOrIdRange> = <Id> | <IdRange>]]></c></item>
              <item><c><![CDATA[<IdList> = <IdOrIdRange>,<IdOrIdRange> | <IdOrIdRange>]]></c></item>
              <item><c><![CDATA[<LogicalIds> = L<IdList>]]></c></item>
              <item><c><![CDATA[<ThreadIds> = T<IdList> | t<IdList>]]></c></item>
              <item><c><![CDATA[<CoreIds> = C<IdList> | c<IdList>]]></c></item>
              <item><c><![CDATA[<ProcessorIds> = P<IdList> | p<IdList>]]></c></item>
              <item><c><![CDATA[<NodeIds> = N<IdList> | n<IdList>]]></c></item>
              <item><c><![CDATA[<IdDefs> = <LogicalIds><ThreadIds><CoreIds><ProcessorIds><NodeIds> | <LogicalIds><ThreadIds><CoreIds><NodeIds><ProcessorIds>]]></c></item>
              <item><c><![CDATA[CpuTopology = <IdDefs>:<IdDefs> | <IdDefs>]]></c></item>
            </list>
            <p>Upper-case letters signify real identifiers and lower-case
	       letters signify fake identifiers only used for description
	       of the topology. Identifiers passed as real identifiers may
	       be used by the runtime system when trying to access specific
	       hardware and if they are not correct the behavior is
	       undefined. Faked logical CPU identifiers are not accepted
	       since there is no point in defining the CPU topology without
	       real logical CPU identifiers. Thread, core, processor, and
	       node identifiers may be left out. If left out, thread id
	       defaults to <c>t0</c>, core id defaults to <c>c0</c>,
	       processor id defaults to <c>p0</c>, and node id will
	       be left undefined. Either each logical processor must 
	       belong to one and only one NUMA node, or no logical
	       processors must belong to any NUMA nodes. 
	     </p>
	     <p>Both increasing and decreasing <c><![CDATA[<IdRange>]]></c>s
	        are allowed.</p>
	     <p>NUMA node identifiers are system wide. That is, each NUMA
	        node on the system have to have a unique identifier. Processor
		identifiers are also system wide. Core identifiers are
		processor wide. Thread identifiers are core wide.</p>
	     <p>The order of the identifier types imply the hierarchy of the
	        CPU topology. Valid orders are either
		<c><![CDATA[<LogicalIds><ThreadIds><CoreIds><ProcessorIds><NodeIds>]]></c>,
		or
		<c><![CDATA[<LogicalIds><ThreadIds><CoreIds><NodeIds><ProcessorIds>]]></c>.
		That is, thread is part of a core which is part of a processor
		which is part of a NUMA node, or thread is part of a core which
		is part of a NUMA node which is part of a processor. A cpu
		topology can consist of both processor external, and processor
		internal NUMA nodes as long as each logical processor belongs
		to one and only one NUMA node. If <c><![CDATA[<ProcessorIds>]]></c>
		is left out, its default position will be before
		<c><![CDATA[<NodeIds>]]></c>. That is, the default is
		processor external NUMA nodes.
	     </p>
	     <p>If a list of identifiers is used in an
	        <c><![CDATA[<IdDefs>]]></c>:</p>
             <list type="bulleted">
	       <item><c><![CDATA[<LogicalIds>]]></c> have to be a list
	             of identifiers.</item>
	       <item>At least one other identifier type apart from
		     <c><![CDATA[<LogicalIds>]]></c> also have to have a
		     list of identifiers.</item>
	       <item>All lists of identifiers have to produce the
	             same amount of identifiers.</item>
             </list>
	     <p>A simple example. A single quad core processor may be
	        described this way:</p>
<pre>
% <input>erl +sct L0-3c0-3</input>
1> <input>erlang:system_info(cpu_topology).</input>
[{processor,[{core,{logical,0}},
             {core,{logical,1}},
             {core,{logical,2}},
             {core,{logical,3}}]}]
</pre>
	     <p>A little more complicated example. Two quad core
	        processors. Each processor in its own NUMA node.
		The ordering of logical processors is a little weird.
		This in order to give a better example of identifier
		lists:</p>
<pre>
% <input>erl +sct L0-1,3-2c0-3p0N0:L7,4,6-5c0-3p1N1</input>
1> <input>erlang:system_info(cpu_topology).</input>
[{node,[{processor,[{core,{logical,0}},
                    {core,{logical,1}},
                    {core,{logical,3}},
                    {core,{logical,2}}]}]},
 {node,[{processor,[{core,{logical,7}},
                    {core,{logical,4}},
                    {core,{logical,6}},
                    {core,{logical,5}}]}]}]
</pre>
	     <p>As long as real identifiers are correct it is okay
	        to pass a CPU topology that is not a correct
		description of the CPU topology. When used with
		care this can actually be very useful. This in
		order to trick the emulator to bind its schedulers
		as you want. For example, if you want to run multiple
		Erlang runtime systems on the same machine, you
		want to reduce the amount of schedulers used and
		manipulate the CPU topology so that they bind to
		different logical CPUs. An example, with two Erlang
		runtime systems on a quad core machine:</p>
<pre>
% <input>erl +sct L0-3c0-3 +sbt db +S3:2 -detached -noinput -noshell -sname one</input>
% <input>erl +sct L3-0c0-3 +sbt db +S3:2 -detached -noinput -noshell -sname two</input>
</pre>
	     <p>In this example each runtime system have two
	        schedulers each online, and all schedulers online
		will run on different cores. If we change to one
		scheduler online on one runtime system, and three
		schedulers online on the other, all schedulers
		online will still run on different cores.</p>
	     <p>Note that a faked CPU topology that does not reflect
	        how the real CPU topology looks like is likely to
		decrease the performance of the runtime system.</p>
	    <p>For more information, see
	    <seealso marker="erlang#system_flag_cpu_topology">erlang:system_flag(cpu_topology, CpuTopology)</seealso>.</p>
          </item>
        </taglist>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+sss size]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <marker id="sched_thread_stack_size"></marker>
        <p>Suggested stack size, in kilowords, for scheduler threads.
          Valid range is 4-8192 kilowords. The default stack size
          is OS dependent.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+T Level]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <marker id="+T"></marker>
        <p>Enables modified timing and sets the modified timing level.
          Currently valid range is 0-9. The timing of the runtime system
          will change. A high level usually means a greater change than
          a low level. Changing the timing can be very useful for finding
          timing related bugs.</p>
        <p>Currently, modified timing affects the following:</p>
        <taglist>
          <tag>Process spawning</tag>
          <item>
            <p>A process calling <c><![CDATA[spawn]]></c>, <c><![CDATA[spawn_link]]></c>,
              <c><![CDATA[spawn_monitor]]></c>, or <c><![CDATA[spawn_opt]]></c> will be scheduled
              out immediately after completing the call. When higher modified
              timing levels are used, the caller will also sleep for a while
              after being scheduled out.</p>
          </item>
          <tag>Context reductions</tag>
          <item>The amount of reductions a process is a allowed to
           use before being scheduled out is increased or reduced.</item>
          <tag>Input reductions</tag>
          <item>The amount of reductions performed before checking I/O
           is increased or reduced.</item>
        </taglist>
        <p><em>NOTE:</em> Performance will suffer when modified timing
          is enabled. This flag is <em>only</em> intended for testing and
          debugging. Also note that <c><![CDATA[return_to]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[return_from]]></c>
          trace messages will be lost when tracing on the spawn BIFs. This
          flag may be removed or changed at any time without prior notice.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+V]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Makes the emulator print out its version number.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+v]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Verbose.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[+W w | i]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>Sets the mapping of warning messages for <c><![CDATA[error_logger]]></c>.
          Messages sent to the error logger using one of the warning
          routines can be mapped either to errors (default), warnings 
          (<c><![CDATA[+W w]]></c>), or info reports (<c><![CDATA[+W i]]></c>). The current
          mapping can be retrieved using
          <c><![CDATA[error_logger:warning_map/0]]></c>. See
          <seealso marker="kernel:error_logger#warning_map/0">error_logger(3)</seealso>
          for further information.</p>
      </item>
    </taglist>
  </section>

  <section>
    <marker id="environment_variables"></marker>
    <title>Environment variables</title>
    <taglist>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[ERL_CRASH_DUMP]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>If the emulator needs to write a crash dump, the value of this
          variable will be the file name of the crash dump file.
          If the variable is not set, the name of the crash dump file will
          be <c><![CDATA[erl_crash.dump]]></c> in the current directory.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[ERL_CRASH_DUMP_NICE]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p><em>Unix systems</em>: If the emulator needs to write a crash dump,
          it will use the value of this variable to set the nice value
          for the process, thus lowering its priority. The allowable range is
          1 through 39 (higher values will be replaced with 39). The highest
          value, 39, will give the process the lowest priority.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p><em>Unix systems</em>: This variable gives the number of seconds that
          the emulator will be allowed to spend writing a crash dump. When
          the given number of seconds have elapsed, the emulator will be
          terminated by a SIGALRM signal.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[ERL_AFLAGS]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>The content of this environment variable will be added to the
          beginning of the command line for <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c>.</p>
        <p>The <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c> flag is treated specially. Its scope ends
          at the end of the environment variable content. Arguments
          following an <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c> flag are moved on the command line into
          the <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c> section, i.e. the end of the command line
          following after an <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c> flag.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[ERL_ZFLAGS]]></c>and <c><![CDATA[ERL_FLAGS]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>The content of these environment variables will be added to the
          end of the command line for <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c>.</p>
        <p>The <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c> flag is treated specially. Its scope ends
          at the end of the environment variable content. Arguments
          following an <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c> flag are moved on the command line into
          the <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c> section, i.e. the end of the command line
          following after an <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c> flag.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[ERL_LIBS]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>This environment variable contains a list of additional library
	  directories that the code server will search for applications and
	  add to the code path.
  	  See <seealso marker="kernel:code">code(3)</seealso>.</p>
      </item>
      <tag><c><![CDATA[ERL_EPMD_PORT]]></c></tag>
      <item>
        <p>This environment variable can contain the port number to use when
          communicating with <seealso marker="epmd">epmd</seealso>. The default
          port will work fine in most cases. A different port can be specified
          to allow nodes of independent clusters to co-exist on the same host.
          All nodes in a cluster must use the same epmd port number.</p>
      </item>
    </taglist>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
    <p><seealso marker="init">init(3)</seealso>,
      <seealso marker="erl_prim_loader">erl_prim_loader(3)</seealso>,
      <seealso marker="kernel:erl_boot_server">erl_boot_server(3)</seealso>,
      <seealso marker="kernel:code">code(3)</seealso>,
      <seealso marker="kernel:application">application(3)</seealso>,
      <seealso marker="kernel:heart">heart(3)</seealso>,
      <seealso marker="kernel:net_kernel">net_kernel(3)</seealso>,
      <seealso marker="kernel:auth">auth(3)</seealso>,
      <seealso marker="tools:make">make(3)</seealso>,
      <seealso marker="epmd">epmd(1)</seealso>,
      <seealso marker="erts_alloc">erts_alloc(3)</seealso></p>
  </section>
</comref>