%% %CopyrightBegin%
%%
%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2013. All Rights Reserved.
%%
%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
%%
%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
%% under the License.
%%
%% %CopyrightEnd%
%%
-module(map_SUITE).
-export([all/0, suite/0,groups/0,init_per_suite/1, end_per_suite/1,
init_per_group/2,end_per_group/2
]).
-export([
t_build_and_match_literals/1,
t_update_literals/1,t_match_and_update_literals/1,
t_update_map_expressions/1,
t_update_assoc/1,t_update_exact/1,
t_guard_bifs/1, t_guard_sequence/1, t_guard_update/1,
t_guard_receive/1, t_guard_fun/1,
t_list_comprehension/1,
t_map_sort_literals/1,
%t_size/1,
t_map_size/1,
%% Specific Map BIFs
t_bif_map_get/1,
t_bif_map_find/1,
t_bif_map_is_key/1,
t_bif_map_keys/1,
t_bif_map_merge/1,
t_bif_map_new/1,
t_bif_map_put/1,
t_bif_map_remove/1,
t_bif_map_update/1,
t_bif_map_values/1,
t_bif_map_to_list/1,
t_bif_map_from_list/1,
%% erlang
t_erlang_hash/1,
t_map_encode_decode/1,
%% maps module not bifs
t_maps_fold/1,
t_maps_map/1,
t_maps_size/1,
t_maps_without/1,
%% misc
t_pdict/1,
t_ets/1,
t_dets/1,
t_tracing/1
]).
-include_lib("stdlib/include/ms_transform.hrl").
suite() -> [].
all() -> [
t_build_and_match_literals,
t_update_literals, t_match_and_update_literals,
t_update_map_expressions,
t_update_assoc,t_update_exact,
t_guard_bifs, t_guard_sequence, t_guard_update,
t_guard_receive,t_guard_fun, t_list_comprehension,
t_map_sort_literals,
%% Specific Map BIFs
t_bif_map_get,t_bif_map_find,t_bif_map_is_key,
t_bif_map_keys, t_bif_map_merge, t_bif_map_new,
t_bif_map_put,
t_bif_map_remove, t_bif_map_update,
t_bif_map_values,
t_bif_map_to_list, t_bif_map_from_list,
%% erlang
t_erlang_hash, t_map_encode_decode,
t_map_size,
%% maps module
t_maps_fold, t_maps_map,
t_maps_size, t_maps_without,
%% Other functions
t_pdict,
t_ets,
t_tracing
].
groups() -> [].
init_per_suite(Config) -> Config.
end_per_suite(_Config) -> ok.
init_per_group(_GroupName, Config) -> Config.
end_per_group(_GroupName, Config) -> Config.
%% tests
t_build_and_match_literals(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
#{} = id(#{}),
#{1:=a} = id(#{1=>a}),
#{1:=a,2:=b} = id(#{1=>a,2=>b}),
#{1:=a,2:=b,3:="c"} = id(#{1=>a,2=>b,3=>"c"}),
#{1:=a,2:=b,3:="c","4":="d"} = id(#{1=>a,2=>b,3=>"c","4"=>"d"}),
#{1:=a,2:=b,3:="c","4":="d",<<"5">>:=<<"e">>} =
id(#{1=>a,2=>b,3=>"c","4"=>"d",<<"5">>=><<"e">>}),
#{1:=a,2:=b,3:="c","4":="d",<<"5">>:=<<"e">>,{"6",7}:="f"} =
id(#{1=>a,2=>b,3=>"c","4"=>"d",<<"5">>=><<"e">>,{"6",7}=>"f"}),
#{1:=a,2:=b,3:="c","4":="d",<<"5">>:=<<"e">>,{"6",7}:="f",8:=g} =
id(#{1=>a,2=>b,3=>"c","4"=>"d",<<"5">>=><<"e">>,{"6",7}=>"f",8=>g}),
#{<<"hi all">> := 1} = id(#{<<"hi",32,"all">> => 1}),
#{a:=X,a:=X=3,b:=4} = id(#{a=>3,b=>4}), % weird but ok =)
#{ a:=#{ b:=#{c := third, b:=second}}, b:=first} =
id(#{ b=>first, a=>#{ b=>#{c => third, b=> second}}}),
M = #{ map_1=>#{ map_2=>#{value_3 => third}, value_2=> second}, value_1=>first},
M = #{ map_1:=#{ map_2:=#{value_3 := third}, value_2:= second}, value_1:=first} =
id(#{ map_1=>#{ map_2=>#{value_3 => third}, value_2=> second}, value_1=>first}),
%% error case
%V = 32,
%{'EXIT',{{badmatch,_},_}} = (catch (#{<<"hi all">> => 1} = id(#{<<"hi",V,"all">> => 1}))),
{'EXIT',{{badmatch,_},_}} = (catch (#{x:=3,x:=2} = id(#{x=>3}))),
{'EXIT',{{badmatch,_},_}} = (catch (#{x:=2} = id(#{x=>3}))),
{'EXIT',{{badmatch,_},_}} = (catch (#{x:=3} = id({a,b,c}))),
{'EXIT',{{badmatch,_},_}} = (catch (#{x:=3} = id(#{y=>3}))),
{'EXIT',{{badmatch,_},_}} = (catch (#{x:=3} = id(#{x=>"three"}))),
ok.
%% Tests size(Map).
%% not implemented, perhaps it shouldn't be either
%t_size(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
% 0 = size(#{}),
% 1 = size(#{a=>1}),
% 1 = size(#{a=>#{a=>1}}),
% 2 = size(#{a=>1, b=>2}),
% 3 = size(#{a=>1, b=>2, b=>"3"}),
% ok.
t_map_size(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
0 = map_size(id(#{})),
1 = map_size(id(#{a=>1})),
1 = map_size(id(#{a=>"wat"})),
2 = map_size(id(#{a=>1, b=>2})),
3 = map_size(id(#{a=>1, b=>2, b=>"3","33"=><<"n">>})),
true = map_is_size(#{a=>1}, 1),
true = map_is_size(#{a=>1, a=>2}, 1),
M = #{ "a" => 1, "b" => 2},
true = map_is_size(M, 2),
false = map_is_size(M, 3),
true = map_is_size(M#{ "a" => 2}, 2),
false = map_is_size(M#{ "c" => 2}, 2),
%% Error cases.
{'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch map_size([])),
{'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch map_size(<<1,2,3>>)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch map_size(1)),
ok.
map_is_size(M,N) when map_size(M) =:= N -> true;
map_is_size(_,_) -> false.
% test map updates without matching
t_update_literals(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
Map = #{x=>1,y=>2,z=>3,q=>4},
#{x:="d",q:="4"} = loop_update_literals_x_q(Map, [
{"a","1"},{"b","2"},{"c","3"},{"d","4"}
]),
ok.
loop_update_literals_x_q(Map, []) -> Map;
loop_update_literals_x_q(Map, [{X,Q}|Vs]) ->
loop_update_literals_x_q(Map#{q=>Q,x=>X},Vs).
% test map updates with matching
t_match_and_update_literals(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
Map = #{x=>0,y=>"untouched",z=>"also untouched",q=>1},
#{x:=16,q:=21,y:="untouched",z:="also untouched"} = loop_match_and_update_literals_x_q(Map, [
{1,2},{3,4},{5,6},{7,8}
]),
M0 = id(#{ "hi" => "hello", int => 3, <<"key">> => <<"value">>,
4 => number, 18446744073709551629 => wat}),
M1 = id(#{}),
M2 = M1#{ "hi" => "hello", int => 3, <<"key">> => <<"value">>,
4 => number, 18446744073709551629 => wat},
M0 = M2,
#{ 4 := another_number, int := 3 } = M2#{ 4 => another_number },
ok.
loop_match_and_update_literals_x_q(Map, []) -> Map;
loop_match_and_update_literals_x_q(#{q:=Q0,x:=X0} = Map, [{X,Q}|Vs]) ->
loop_match_and_update_literals_x_q(Map#{q=>Q0+Q,x=>X0+X},Vs).
t_update_map_expressions(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
M = maps:new(),
#{ a := 1 } = M#{a => 1},
#{ b := 2 } = (maps:new())#{ b => 2 },
#{ a :=42, b:=42, c:=42 } = (maps:from_list([{a,1},{b,2},{c,3}]))#{ a := 42, b := 42, c := 42 },
#{ "a" :=1, "b":=42, "c":=42 } = (maps:from_list([{"a",1},{"b",2}]))#{ "b" := 42, "c" => 42 },
%% Error cases, FIXME: should be 'badmap'?
{'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch (id(<<>>))#{ a := 42, b => 2 }),
{'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch (id([]))#{ a := 42, b => 2 }),
ok.
t_update_assoc(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
M0 = id(#{1=>a,2=>b,3.0=>c,4=>d,5=>e}),
M1 = M0#{1=>42,2=>100,4=>[a,b,c]},
#{1:=42,2:=100,3.0:=c,4:=[a,b,c],5:=e} = M1,
#{1:=42,2:=b,4:=d,5:=e,2.0:=100,3.0:=c,4.0:=[a,b,c]} = M0#{1.0=>float,1:=42,2.0=>wrong,2.0=>100,4.0=>[a,b,c]},
M2 = M0#{3.0=>new},
#{1:=a,2:=b,3.0:=new,4:=d,5:=e} = M2,
M2 = M0#{3.0:=wrong,3.0=>new},
%% Errors cases.
BadMap = id(badmap),
{'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch BadMap#{nonexisting=>val}),
ok.
t_update_exact(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
M0 = id(#{1=>a,2=>b,3.0=>c,4=>d,5=>e}),
M1 = M0#{1:=42,2:=100,4:=[a,b,c]},
#{1:=42,2:=100,3.0:=c,4:=[a,b,c],5:=e} = M1,
M1 = M0#{1:=wrong,1=>42,2=>wrong,2:=100,4:=[a,b,c]},
M2 = M0#{3.0:=new},
#{1:=a,2:=b,3.0:=new,4:=d,5:=e} = M2,
M2 = M0#{3.0=>wrong,3.0:=new},
true = M2 =/= M0#{3=>right,3.0:=new},
#{ 3 := right, 3.0 := new } = M0#{3=>right,3.0:=new},
M3 = id(#{ 1 => val}),
#{1 := update2,1.0 := new_val4} = M3#{
1.0 => new_val1, 1 := update, 1=> update3,
1 := update2, 1.0 := new_val2, 1.0 => new_val3,
1.0 => new_val4 },
%% Errors cases.
{'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch M0#{nonexisting:=val}),
{'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch M0#{1.0:=v,1.0=>v2}),
{'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch M0#{42.0:=v,42:=v2}),
{'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch M0#{42=>v1,42.0:=v2,42:=v3}),
ok.
t_guard_bifs(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
true = map_guard_head(#{a=>1}),
false = map_guard_head([]),
true = map_guard_body(#{a=>1}),
false = map_guard_body({}),
true = map_guard_pattern(#{a=>1, <<"hi">> => "hi" }),
false = map_guard_pattern("list"),
ok.
map_guard_head(M) when is_map(M) -> true;
map_guard_head(_) -> false.
map_guard_body(M) -> is_map(M).
map_guard_pattern(#{}) -> true;
map_guard_pattern(_) -> false.
t_guard_sequence(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
{1, "a"} = map_guard_sequence_1(#{seq=>1,val=>id("a")}),
{2, "b"} = map_guard_sequence_1(#{seq=>2,val=>id("b")}),
{3, "c"} = map_guard_sequence_1(#{seq=>3,val=>id("c")}),
{4, "d"} = map_guard_sequence_1(#{seq=>4,val=>id("d")}),
{5, "e"} = map_guard_sequence_1(#{seq=>5,val=>id("e")}),
{1,M1} = map_guard_sequence_2(M1 = id(#{a=>3})),
{2,M2} = map_guard_sequence_2(M2 = id(#{a=>4, b=>4})),
{3,gg,M3} = map_guard_sequence_2(M3 = id(#{a=>gg, b=>4})),
{4,sc,sc,M4} = map_guard_sequence_2(M4 = id(#{a=>sc, b=>3, c=>sc2})),
{5,kk,kk,M5} = map_guard_sequence_2(M5 = id(#{a=>kk, b=>other, c=>sc2})),
%% error case
{'EXIT',{function_clause,_}} = (catch map_guard_sequence_1(#{seq=>6,val=>id("e")})),
{'EXIT',{function_clause,_}} = (catch map_guard_sequence_2(#{b=>5})),
ok.
map_guard_sequence_1(#{seq:=1=Seq, val:=Val}) -> {Seq,Val};
map_guard_sequence_1(#{seq:=2=Seq, val:=Val}) -> {Seq,Val};
map_guard_sequence_1(#{seq:=3=Seq, val:=Val}) -> {Seq,Val};
map_guard_sequence_1(#{seq:=4=Seq, val:=Val}) -> {Seq,Val};
map_guard_sequence_1(#{seq:=5=Seq, val:=Val}) -> {Seq,Val}.
map_guard_sequence_2(#{ a:=3 }=M) -> {1, M};
map_guard_sequence_2(#{ a:=4 }=M) -> {2, M};
map_guard_sequence_2(#{ a:=X, a:=X, b:=4 }=M) -> {3,X,M};
map_guard_sequence_2(#{ a:=X, a:=Y, b:=3 }=M) when X =:= Y -> {4,X,Y,M};
map_guard_sequence_2(#{ a:=X, a:=Y }=M) when X =:= Y -> {5,X,Y,M}.
t_guard_update(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
error = map_guard_update(#{},#{}),
first = map_guard_update(#{}, #{x=>first}),
second = map_guard_update(#{y=>old}, #{x=>second,y=>old}),
ok.
map_guard_update(M1, M2) when M1#{x=>first} =:= M2 -> first;
map_guard_update(M1, M2) when M1#{x=>second} =:= M2 -> second;
map_guard_update(_, _) -> error.
t_guard_receive(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
M0 = #{ id => 0 },
Pid = spawn_link(fun() -> guard_receive_loop() end),
Big = 36893488147419103229,
B1 = <<"some text">>,
B2 = <<"was appended">>,
B3 = <<B1/binary, B2/binary>>,
#{id:=1, res:=Big} = M1 = call(Pid, M0#{op=>sub,in=>{1 bsl 65, 3}}),
#{id:=2, res:=26} = M2 = call(Pid, M1#{op=>idiv,in=>{53,2}}),
#{id:=3, res:=832} = M3 = call(Pid, M2#{op=>imul,in=>{26,32}}),
#{id:=4, res:=4} = M4 = call(Pid, M3#{op=>add,in=>{1,3}}),
#{id:=5, res:=Big} = M5 = call(Pid, M4#{op=>sub,in=>{1 bsl 65, 3}}),
#{id:=6, res:=B3} = M6 = call(Pid, M5#{op=>"append",in=>{B1,B2}}),
#{id:=7, res:=4} = _ = call(Pid, M6#{op=>add,in=>{1,3}}),
%% update old maps and check id update
#{id:=2, res:=B3} = call(Pid, M1#{op=>"append",in=>{B1,B2}}),
#{id:=5, res:=99} = call(Pid, M4#{op=>add,in=>{33, 66}}),
%% cleanup
done = call(Pid, done),
ok.
call(Pid, M) ->
Pid ! {self(), M}, receive {Pid, Res} -> Res end.
guard_receive_loop() ->
receive
{Pid, #{ id:=Id, op:="append", in:={X,Y}}=M} when is_binary(X), is_binary(Y) ->
Pid ! {self(), M#{ id=>Id+1, res=><<X/binary,Y/binary>>}},
guard_receive_loop();
{Pid, #{ id:=Id, op:=add, in:={X,Y}}} ->
Pid ! {self(), #{ id=>Id+1, res=>X+Y}},
guard_receive_loop();
{Pid, #{ id:=Id, op:=sub, in:={X,Y}}=M} ->
Pid ! {self(), M#{ id=>Id+1, res=>X-Y}},
guard_receive_loop();
{Pid, #{ id:=Id, op:=idiv, in:={X,Y}}=M} ->
Pid ! {self(), M#{ id=>Id+1, res=>X div Y}},
guard_receive_loop();
{Pid, #{ id:=Id, op:=imul, in:={X,Y}}=M} ->
Pid ! {self(), M#{ id=>Id+1, res=>X * Y}},
guard_receive_loop();
{Pid, done} ->
Pid ! {self(), done};
{Pid, Other} ->
Pid ! {error, Other},
guard_receive_loop()
end.
t_list_comprehension(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
[#{k:=1},#{k:=2},#{k:=3}] = [#{k=>I} || I <- [1,2,3]],
ok.
t_guard_fun(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
F1 = fun
(#{s:=v,v:=V}) -> {v,V};
(#{s:=t,v:={V,V}}) -> {t,V};
(#{s:=l,v:=[V,V]}) -> {l,V}
end,
F2 = fun
(#{s:=T,v:={V,V}}) -> {T,V};
(#{s:=T,v:=[V,V]}) -> {T,V};
(#{s:=T,v:=V}) -> {T,V}
end,
V = <<"hi">>,
{v,V} = F1(#{s=>v,v=>V}),
{t,V} = F1(#{s=>t,v=>{V,V}}),
{l,V} = F1(#{s=>l,v=>[V,V]}),
{v,V} = F2(#{s=>v,v=>V}),
{t,V} = F2(#{s=>t,v=>{V,V}}),
{l,V} = F2(#{s=>l,v=>[V,V]}),
%% error case
{'EXIT', {function_clause,[{?MODULE,_,[#{s:=none,v:=none}],_}|_]}} = (catch F1(#{s=>none,v=>none})),
ok.
t_map_sort_literals(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
% test relation
%% size order
true = #{ a => 1, b => 2} < id(#{ a => 1, b => 1, c => 1}),
true = #{ b => 1, a => 1} < id(#{ c => 1, a => 1, b => 1}),
false = #{ c => 1, b => 1, a => 1} < id(#{ c => 1, a => 1}),
%% key order
true = #{ a => 1 } < id(#{ b => 1}),
false = #{ b => 1 } < id(#{ a => 1}),
true = #{ a => 1, b => 1, c => 1 } < id(#{ b => 1, c => 1, d => 1}),
true = #{ b => 1, c => 1, d => 1 } > id(#{ a => 1, b => 1, c => 1}),
true = #{ c => 1, b => 1, a => 1 } < id(#{ b => 1, c => 1, d => 1}),
true = #{ "a" => 1 } < id(#{ <<"a">> => 1}),
false = #{ <<"a">> => 1 } < id(#{ "a" => 1}),
false = #{ 1 => 1 } < id(#{ 1.0 => 1}),
false = #{ 1.0 => 1 } < id(#{ 1 => 1}),
%% value order
true = #{ a => 1 } < id(#{ a => 2}),
false = #{ a => 2 } < id(#{ a => 1}),
false = #{ a => 2, b => 1 } < id(#{ a => 1, b => 3}),
true = #{ a => 1, b => 1 } < id(#{ a => 1, b => 3}),
true = #{ "a" => "hi", b => 134 } == id(#{ b => 134,"a" => "hi"}),
%% lists:sort
SortVs = [#{"a"=>1},#{a=>2},#{1=>3},#{<<"a">>=>4}],
[#{1:=ok},#{a:=ok},#{"a":=ok},#{<<"a">>:=ok}] = lists:sort([#{"a"=>ok},#{a=>ok},#{1=>ok},#{<<"a">>=>ok}]),
[#{1:=3},#{a:=2},#{"a":=1},#{<<"a">>:=4}] = lists:sort(SortVs),
[#{1:=3},#{a:=2},#{"a":=1},#{<<"a">>:=4}] = lists:sort(lists:reverse(SortVs)),
ok.
%% BIFs
t_bif_map_get(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
1 = maps:get(a, #{ a=> 1}),
2 = maps:get(b, #{ a=> 1, b => 2}),
"hi" = maps:get("hello", #{ a=>1, "hello" => "hi"}),
"tuple hi" = maps:get({1,1.0}, #{ a=>a, {1,1.0} => "tuple hi"}),
M = id(#{ k1=>"v1", <<"k2">> => <<"v3">> }),
"v4" = maps:get(<<"k2">>, M#{ <<"k2">> => "v4" }),
%% error case
{'EXIT',{badarg, [{maps,get,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:get(a,[])),
{'EXIT',{badarg, [{maps,get,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:get(a,<<>>)),
{'EXIT',{bad_key,[{maps,get,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:get({1,1}, #{{1,1.0} => "tuple"})),
{'EXIT',{bad_key,[{maps,get,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:get(a,#{})),
{'EXIT',{bad_key,[{maps,get,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:get(a,#{ b=>1, c=>2})),
ok.
t_bif_map_find(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
{ok, 1} = maps:find(a, #{ a=> 1}),
{ok, 2} = maps:find(b, #{ a=> 1, b => 2}),
{ok, "int"} = maps:find(1, #{ 1 => "int"}),
{ok, "float"} = maps:find(1.0, #{ 1.0=> "float"}),
{ok, "hi"} = maps:find("hello", #{ a=>1, "hello" => "hi"}),
{ok, "tuple hi"} = maps:find({1,1.0}, #{ a=>a, {1,1.0} => "tuple hi"}),
M = id(#{ k1=>"v1", <<"k2">> => <<"v3">> }),
{ok, "v4"} = maps:find(<<"k2">>, M#{ <<"k2">> => "v4" }),
%% error case
error = maps:find(a,#{}),
error = maps:find(a,#{b=>1, c=>2}),
error = maps:find(1.0, #{ 1 => "int"}),
error = maps:find(1, #{ 1.0 => "float"}),
error = maps:find({1.0,1}, #{ a=>a, {1,1.0} => "tuple hi"}), % reverse types in tuple key
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,find,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:find(a,id([]))),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,find,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:find(a,id(<<>>))),
ok.
t_bif_map_is_key(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
M1 = #{ "hi" => "hello", int => 3, <<"key">> => <<"value">>, 4 => number},
true = maps:is_key("hi", M1),
true = maps:is_key(int, M1),
true = maps:is_key(<<"key">>, M1),
true = maps:is_key(4, M1),
false = maps:is_key(5, M1),
false = maps:is_key(<<"key2">>, M1),
false = maps:is_key("h", M1),
false = maps:is_key("hello", M1),
false = maps:is_key(atom, M1),
false = maps:is_key(any, id(#{})),
false = maps:is_key("hi", maps:remove("hi", M1)),
true = maps:is_key("hi", M1),
true = maps:is_key(1, maps:put(1, "number", M1)),
false = maps:is_key(1.0, maps:put(1, "number", M1)),
%% error case
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,is_key,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:is_key(a,id([]))),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,is_key,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:is_key(a,id(<<>>))),
ok.
t_bif_map_keys(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
[] = maps:keys(#{}),
[1,2,3,4,5] = maps:keys(#{ 1 => a, 2 => b, 3 => c, 4 => d, 5 => e}),
[1,2,3,4,5] = maps:keys(#{ 4 => d, 5 => e, 1 => a, 2 => b, 3 => c}),
% values in key order: [4,int,"hi",<<"key">>]
M1 = #{ "hi" => "hello", int => 3, <<"key">> => <<"value">>, 4 => number},
[4,int,"hi",<<"key">>] = maps:keys(M1),
%% error case
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,keys,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:keys(1 bsl 65 + 3)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,keys,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:keys(154)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,keys,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:keys(atom)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,keys,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:keys([])),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,keys,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:keys(<<>>)),
ok.
t_bif_map_new(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
#{} = maps:new(),
0 = erlang:map_size(maps:new()),
ok.
t_bif_map_merge(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
0 = erlang:map_size(maps:merge(#{},#{})),
M0 = #{ "hi" => "hello", int => 3, <<"key">> => <<"value">>,
4 => number, 18446744073709551629 => wat},
#{ "hi" := "hello", int := 3, <<"key">> := <<"value">>,
4 := number, 18446744073709551629 := wat} = maps:merge(#{}, M0),
#{ "hi" := "hello", int := 3, <<"key">> := <<"value">>,
4 := number, 18446744073709551629 := wat} = maps:merge(M0, #{}),
M1 = #{ "hi" => "hello again", float => 3.3, {1,2} => "tuple", 4 => integer },
#{4 := number, 18446744073709551629 := wat, float := 3.3, int := 3,
{1,2} := "tuple", "hi" := "hello", <<"key">> := <<"value">>} = maps:merge(M1,M0),
#{4 := integer, 18446744073709551629 := wat, float := 3.3, int := 3,
{1,2} := "tuple", "hi" := "hello again", <<"key">> := <<"value">>} = maps:merge(M0,M1),
%% error case
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,merge,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:merge((1 bsl 65 + 3), <<>>)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,merge,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:merge(<<>>, id(#{ a => 1}))),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,merge,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:merge(id(#{ a => 2}), <<>> )),
ok.
t_bif_map_put(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
M0 = #{ "hi" => "hello", int => 3, <<"key">> => <<"value">>,
4 => number, 18446744073709551629 => wat},
M1 = #{ "hi" := "hello"} = maps:put("hi", "hello", #{}),
["hi"] = maps:keys(M1),
["hello"] = maps:values(M1),
M2 = #{ int := 3 } = maps:put(int, 3, M1),
[int,"hi"] = maps:keys(M2),
[3,"hello"] = maps:values(M2),
M3 = #{ <<"key">> := <<"value">> } = maps:put(<<"key">>, <<"value">>, M2),
[int,"hi",<<"key">>] = maps:keys(M3),
[3,"hello",<<"value">>] = maps:values(M3),
M4 = #{ 18446744073709551629 := wat } = maps:put(18446744073709551629, wat, M3),
[18446744073709551629,int,"hi",<<"key">>] = maps:keys(M4),
[wat,3,"hello",<<"value">>] = maps:values(M4),
M0 = #{ 4 := number } = M5 = maps:put(4, number, M4),
[4,18446744073709551629,int,"hi",<<"key">>] = maps:keys(M5),
[number,wat,3,"hello",<<"value">>] = maps:values(M5),
M6 = #{ <<"key">> := <<"other value">> } = maps:put(<<"key">>, <<"other value">>, M5),
[4,18446744073709551629,int,"hi",<<"key">>] = maps:keys(M6),
[number,wat,3,"hello",<<"other value">>] = maps:values(M6),
%% error case
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,put,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:put(1,a,1 bsl 65 + 3)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,put,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:put(1,a,154)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,put,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:put(1,a,atom)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,put,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:put(1,a,[])),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,put,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:put(1,a,<<>>)),
ok.
t_bif_map_remove(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
0 = erlang:map_size(maps:remove(some_key, #{})),
M0 = #{ "hi" => "hello", int => 3, <<"key">> => <<"value">>,
4 => number, 18446744073709551629 => wat},
M1 = maps:remove("hi", M0),
[4,18446744073709551629,int,<<"key">>] = maps:keys(M1),
[number,wat,3,<<"value">>] = maps:values(M1),
M2 = maps:remove(int, M1),
[4,18446744073709551629,<<"key">>] = maps:keys(M2),
[number,wat,<<"value">>] = maps:values(M2),
M3 = maps:remove(<<"key">>, M2),
[4,18446744073709551629] = maps:keys(M3),
[number,wat] = maps:values(M3),
M4 = maps:remove(18446744073709551629, M3),
[4] = maps:keys(M4),
[number] = maps:values(M4),
M5 = maps:remove(4, M4),
[] = maps:keys(M5),
[] = maps:values(M5),
M0 = maps:remove(5,M0),
M0 = maps:remove("hi there",M0),
#{ "hi" := "hello", int := 3, 4 := number} = maps:remove(18446744073709551629,maps:remove(<<"key">>,M0)),
%% error case
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,remove,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:remove(a,1 bsl 65 + 3)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,remove,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:remove(1,154)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,remove,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:remove(a,atom)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,remove,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:remove(1,[])),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,remove,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:remove(a,<<>>)),
ok.
t_bif_map_update(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
M0 = #{ "hi" => "hello", int => 3, <<"key">> => <<"value">>,
4 => number, 18446744073709551629 => wat},
#{ "hi" := "hello again", int := 3, <<"key">> := <<"value">>,
4 := number, 18446744073709551629 := wat} = maps:update("hi", "hello again", M0),
#{ "hi" := "hello", int := 1337, <<"key">> := <<"value">>,
4 := number, 18446744073709551629 := wat} = maps:update(int, 1337, M0),
#{ "hi" := "hello", int := 3, <<"key">> := <<"new value">>,
4 := number, 18446744073709551629 := wat} = maps:update(<<"key">>, <<"new value">>, M0),
#{ "hi" := "hello", int := 3, <<"key">> := <<"value">>,
4 := integer, 18446744073709551629 := wat} = maps:update(4, integer, M0),
#{ "hi" := "hello", int := 3, <<"key">> := <<"value">>,
4 := number, 18446744073709551629 := wazzup} = maps:update(18446744073709551629, wazzup, M0),
%% error case
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,update,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:update(1,none,{})),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,update,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:update(1,none,<<"value">>)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,update,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:update(5,none,M0)),
ok.
t_bif_map_values(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
[] = maps:values(#{}),
[a,b,c,d,e] = maps:values(#{ 1 => a, 2 => b, 3 => c, 4 => d, 5 => e}),
[a,b,c,d,e] = maps:values(#{ 4 => d, 5 => e, 1 => a, 2 => b, 3 => c}),
% values in key order: [4,int,"hi",<<"key">>]
M1 = #{ "hi" => "hello", int => 3, <<"key">> => <<"value">>, 4 => number},
M2 = M1#{ "hi" => "hello2", <<"key">> => <<"value2">> },
[number,3,"hello2",<<"value2">>] = maps:values(M2),
[number,3,"hello",<<"value">>] = maps:values(M1),
%% error case
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,values,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:values(1 bsl 65 + 3)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,values,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:values(atom)),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,values,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:values([])),
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{maps,values,_,_}|_]}} = (catch maps:values(<<>>)),
ok.
t_erlang_hash(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
ok = t_bif_erlang_phash2(),
ok = t_bif_erlang_phash(),
ok = t_bif_erlang_hash(),
ok.
t_bif_erlang_phash2() ->
39679005 = erlang:phash2(#{}),
78942764 = erlang:phash2(#{ a => 1, "a" => 2, <<"a">> => 3, {a,b} => 4 }),
37338230 = erlang:phash2(#{ 1 => a, 2 => "a", 3 => <<"a">>, 4 => {a,b} }),
14363616 = erlang:phash2(#{ 1 => a }),
51612236 = erlang:phash2(#{ a => 1 }),
37468437 = erlang:phash2(#{{} => <<>>}),
44049159 = erlang:phash2(#{<<>> => {}}),
M0 = #{ a => 1, "key" => <<"value">> },
M1 = maps:remove("key",M0),
M2 = M1#{ "key" => <<"value">> },
118679416 = erlang:phash2(M0),
51612236 = erlang:phash2(M1),
118679416 = erlang:phash2(M2),
ok.
t_bif_erlang_phash() ->
Sz = 1 bsl 32,
268440612 = erlang:phash(#{},Sz),
1196461908 = erlang:phash(#{ a => 1, "a" => 2, <<"a">> => 3, {a,b} => 4 },Sz),
3944426064 = erlang:phash(#{ 1 => a, 2 => "a", 3 => <<"a">>, 4 => {a,b} },Sz),
1394238263 = erlang:phash(#{ 1 => a },Sz),
4066388227 = erlang:phash(#{ a => 1 },Sz),
1578050717 = erlang:phash(#{{} => <<>>},Sz),
1578050717 = erlang:phash(#{<<>> => {}},Sz), % yep, broken
M0 = #{ a => 1, "key" => <<"value">> },
M1 = maps:remove("key",M0),
M2 = M1#{ "key" => <<"value">> },
3590546636 = erlang:phash(M0,Sz),
4066388227 = erlang:phash(M1,Sz),
3590546636 = erlang:phash(M2,Sz),
ok.
t_bif_erlang_hash() ->
Sz = 1 bsl 27 - 1,
5158 = erlang:hash(#{},Sz),
71555838 = erlang:hash(#{ a => 1, "a" => 2, <<"a">> => 3, {a,b} => 4 },Sz),
5497225 = erlang:hash(#{ 1 => a, 2 => "a", 3 => <<"a">>, 4 => {a,b} },Sz),
126071654 = erlang:hash(#{ 1 => a },Sz),
126426236 = erlang:hash(#{ a => 1 },Sz),
101655720 = erlang:hash(#{{} => <<>>},Sz),
101655720 = erlang:hash(#{<<>> => {}},Sz), % yep, broken
M0 = #{ a => 1, "key" => <<"value">> },
M1 = maps:remove("key",M0),
M2 = M1#{ "key" => <<"value">> },
38260486 = erlang:hash(M0,Sz),
126426236 = erlang:hash(M1,Sz),
38260486 = erlang:hash(M2,Sz),
ok.
t_map_encode_decode(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
<<131,116,0,0,0,0>> = erlang:term_to_binary(#{}),
Pairs = [
{a,b},{"key","values"},{<<"key">>,<<"value">>},
{1,b},{[atom,1],{<<"wat">>,1,2,3}},
{aa,"values"},
{1 bsl 64 + (1 bsl 50 - 1), sc1},
{99, sc2},
{1 bsl 65 + (1 bsl 51 - 1), sc3},
{88, sc4},
{1 bsl 66 + (1 bsl 52 - 1), sc5},
{77, sc6},
{1 bsl 67 + (1 bsl 53 - 1), sc3},
{75, sc6}, {-10,sc8},
{<<>>, sc9}, {3.14158, sc10},
{[3.14158], sc11}, {more_atoms, sc12},
{{more_tuples}, sc13}, {self(), sc14},
{{},{}},{[],[]}
],
ok = map_encode_decode_and_match(Pairs,[],#{}),
%% check sorting
%% literally #{ b=>2, a=>1 } in the internal order
#{ a:=1, b:=2 } =
erlang:binary_to_term(<<131,116,0,0,0,2,100,0,1,98,100,0,1,97,97,2,97,1>>),
%% literally #{ "hi" => "value", a=>33, b=>55 } in the internal order
#{ a:=33, b:=55, "hi" := "value"} = erlang:binary_to_term(<<131,116,0,0,0,3,
107,0,2,104,105, % "hi" :: list()
100,0,1,97, % a :: atom()
100,0,1,98, % b :: atom()
107,0,5,118,97,108,117,101, % "value" :: list()
97,33, % 33 :: integer()
97,55 % 55 :: integer()
>>),
%% error cases
%% template: <<131,116,0,0,0,2,100,0,1,97,100,0,1,98,97,1,97,1>>
%% which is: #{ a=>1, b=>1 }
%% uniqueness violation
%% literally #{ a=>1, "hi"=>"value", a=>2 }
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{_,_,_,_}|_]}} = (catch
erlang:binary_to_term(<<131,116,0,0,0,3,100,0,1,97,107,0,2,104,105,100,0,1,97,97,1,107,0,5,118,97,108,117,101,97,2>>)),
%% bad size (too large)
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{_,_,_,_}|_]}} = (catch
erlang:binary_to_term(<<131,116,0,0,0,12,100,0,1,97,100,0,1,98,97,1,97,1>>)),
%% bad size (too small) .. should fail just truncate it .. weird.
%% possibly change external format so truncated will be #{a:=1}
#{ a:=b } =
erlang:binary_to_term(<<131,116,0,0,0,1,100,0,1,97,100,0,1,98,97,1,97,1>>),
ok.
map_encode_decode_and_match([{K,V}|Pairs], EncodedPairs, M0) ->
M1 = maps:put(K,V,M0),
B0 = erlang:term_to_binary(M1),
Ls = lists:sort(fun(A,B) -> erts_internal:cmp_term(A,B) < 0 end, [{K, erlang:term_to_binary(K), erlang:term_to_binary(V)}|EncodedPairs]),
%% sort Ks and Vs according to term spec, then match it
ok = match_encoded_map(B0, length(Ls), [Kbin||{_,Kbin,_}<-Ls] ++ [Vbin||{_,_,Vbin}<-Ls]),
%% decode and match it
M1 = erlang:binary_to_term(B0),
map_encode_decode_and_match(Pairs,Ls,M1);
map_encode_decode_and_match([],_,_) -> ok.
match_encoded_map(<<131,116,Size:32,Encoded/binary>>,Size,Items) ->
match_encoded_map(Encoded,Items);
match_encoded_map(_,_,_) -> no_match_size.
match_encoded_map(<<>>,[]) -> ok;
match_encoded_map(Bin,[<<131,Item/binary>>|Items]) ->
Size = erlang:byte_size(Item),
<<EncodedTerm:Size/binary, Bin1/binary>> = Bin,
EncodedTerm = Item, %% Asssert
match_encoded_map(Bin1,Items).
t_bif_map_to_list(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
[] = maps:to_list(#{}),
[{a,1},{b,2}] = maps:to_list(#{a=>1,b=>2}),
[{a,1},{b,2},{c,3}] = maps:to_list(#{c=>3,a=>1,b=>2}),
[{a,1},{b,2},{g,3}] = maps:to_list(#{g=>3,a=>1,b=>2}),
[{a,1},{b,2},{g,3},{"c",4}] = maps:to_list(#{g=>3,a=>1,b=>2,"c"=>4}),
[{3,v2},{hi,v4},{{hi,3},v5},{"hi",v3},{<<"hi">>,v1}] = maps:to_list(#{
<<"hi">>=>v1,3=>v2,"hi"=>v3,hi=>v4,{hi,3}=>v5}),
[{3,v7},{hi,v9},{{hi,3},v10},{"hi",v8},{<<"hi">>,v6}] = maps:to_list(#{
<<"hi">>=>v1,3=>v2,"hi"=>v3,hi=>v4,{hi,3}=>v5,
<<"hi">>=>v6,3=>v7,"hi"=>v8,hi=>v9,{hi,3}=>v10}),
%% error cases
{'EXIT', {badarg,_}} = (catch maps:to_list(id(a))),
{'EXIT', {badarg,_}} = (catch maps:to_list(id(42))),
ok.
t_bif_map_from_list(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
#{} = maps:from_list([]),
A = maps:from_list([]),
0 = erlang:map_size(A),
#{a:=1,b:=2} = maps:from_list([{a,1},{b,2}]),
#{c:=3,a:=1,b:=2} = maps:from_list([{a,1},{b,2},{c,3}]),
#{g:=3,a:=1,b:=2} = maps:from_list([{a,1},{b,2},{g,3}]),
#{a:=2} = maps:from_list([{a,1},{a,3},{a,2}]),
#{ <<"hi">>:=v1,3:=v3,"hi":=v6,hi:=v4,{hi,3}:=v5} =
maps:from_list([{3,v3},{"hi",v6},{hi,v4},{{hi,3},v5},{<<"hi">>,v1}]),
#{<<"hi">>:=v6,3:=v8,"hi":=v11,hi:=v9,{hi,3}:=v10} =
maps:from_list([ {{hi,3},v3}, {"hi",v0},{3,v1}, {<<"hi">>,v4}, {hi,v2},
{<<"hi">>,v6}, {{hi,3},v10},{"hi",v11}, {hi,v9}, {3,v8}]),
%% error cases
{'EXIT', {badarg,_}} = (catch maps:from_list(id([{a,b},b]))),
{'EXIT', {badarg,_}} = (catch maps:from_list(id([{a,b},{b,b,3}]))),
{'EXIT', {badarg,_}} = (catch maps:from_list(id([{a,b},<<>>]))),
{'EXIT', {badarg,_}} = (catch maps:from_list(id([{a,b}|{b,a}]))),
{'EXIT', {badarg,_}} = (catch maps:from_list(id(a))),
{'EXIT', {badarg,_}} = (catch maps:from_list(id(42))),
ok.
%% Maps module, not BIFs
t_maps_fold(_Config) ->
Vs = lists:seq(1,100),
M = maps:from_list([{{k,I},{v,I}}||I<-Vs]),
%% fold
5050 = maps:fold(fun({k,_},{v,V},A) -> V + A end, 0, M),
ok.
t_maps_map(_Config) ->
Vs = lists:seq(1,100),
M1 = maps:from_list([{I,I}||I<-Vs]),
M2 = maps:from_list([{I,{token,I}}||I<-Vs]),
M2 = maps:map(fun(_K,V) -> {token,V} end, M1),
ok.
t_maps_size(_Config) ->
Vs = lists:seq(1,100),
lists:foldl(fun(I,M) ->
M1 = maps:put(I,I,M),
I = maps:size(M1),
M1
end, #{}, Vs),
ok.
t_maps_without(_Config) ->
Ki = [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99],
M0 = maps:from_list([{{k,I},{v,I}}||I<-lists:seq(1,100)]),
M1 = maps:from_list([{{k,I},{v,I}}||I<-lists:seq(1,100) -- Ki]),
M1 = maps:without([{k,I}||I <- Ki],M0),
ok.
%% MISC
t_pdict(_Config) ->
put(#{ a => b, b => a},#{ c => d}),
put(get(#{ a => b, b => a}),1),
1 = get(#{ c => d}),
#{ c := d } = get(#{ a => b, b => a}).
t_ets(_Config) ->
Tid = ets:new(map_table,[]),
[ets:insert(Tid,{maps:from_list([{I,-I}]),I}) || I <- lists:seq(1,100)],
[{#{ 2 := -2},2}] = ets:lookup(Tid,#{ 2 => -2 }),
%% Test equal
[3,4] = lists:sort(
ets:select(Tid,[{{'$1','$2'},
[{'or',{'==','$1',#{ 3 => -3 }},
{'==','$1',#{ 4 => -4 }}}],
['$2']}])),
%% Test match
[30,50] = lists:sort(
ets:select(Tid,
[{{#{ 30 => -30}, '$1'},[],['$1']},
{{#{ 50 => -50}, '$1'},[],['$1']}]
)),
ets:insert(Tid,{#{ a => b, b => c, c => a},transitivity}),
%% Test equal with map of different size
[] = ets:select(Tid,[{{'$1','_'},[{'==','$1',#{ b => c }}],['$_']}]),
%% Test match with map of different size
%[{#{ a := b },_}] = ets:select(Tid,[{{#{ b => c },'_'},[],['$_']}]),
%%% Test match with don't care value
%[{#{ a := b },_}] = ets:select(Tid,[{{#{ b => '_' },'_'},[],['$_']}]),
%% Test is_map bif
101 = length(ets:select(Tid,[{'$1',[{is_map,{element,1,'$1'}}],['$1']}])),
ets:insert(Tid,{not_a_map,2}),
101 = length(ets:select(Tid,[{'$1',[{is_map,{element,1,'$1'}}],['$1']}])),
ets:insert(Tid,{{nope,a,tuple},2}),
101 = length(ets:select(Tid,[{'$1',[{is_map,{element,1,'$1'}}],['$1']}])),
%% Test map_size bif
[3] = ets:select(Tid,[{{'$1','_'},[{'==',{map_size,'$1'},3}],
[{map_size,'$1'}]}]),
true = ets:delete(Tid,#{50 => -50}),
[] = ets:lookup(Tid,#{50 => -50}),
ets:delete(Tid),
ok.
t_dets(_Config) ->
ok.
t_tracing(_Config) ->
dbg:stop_clear(),
{ok,Tracer} = dbg:tracer(process,{fun trace_collector/2, self()}),
dbg:p(self(),c),
%% Test basic map call
{ok,_} = dbg:tpl(?MODULE,id,x),
id(#{ a => b }),
{trace,_,call,{?MODULE,id,[#{ a := b }]}} = getmsg(Tracer),
{trace,_,return_from,{?MODULE,id,1},#{ a := b }} = getmsg(Tracer),
dbg:ctpl(),
%% Test equals in argument list
{ok,_} = dbg:tpl(?MODULE,id,[{['$1'],[{'==','$1',#{ b => c}}],
[{return_trace}]}]),
id(#{ a => b }),
id(#{ b => c }),
{trace,_,call,{?MODULE,id,[#{ b := c }]}} = getmsg(Tracer),
{trace,_,return_from,{?MODULE,id,1},#{ b := c }} = getmsg(Tracer),
dbg:ctpl(),
%% Test match in head
{ok,_} = dbg:tpl(?MODULE,id,[{[#{b => c}],[],[]}]),
id(#{ a => b }),
id(#{ b => c }),
{trace,_,call,{?MODULE,id,[#{ b := c }]}} = getmsg(Tracer),
dbg:ctpl(),
% Test map guard bifs
{ok,_} = dbg:tpl(?MODULE,id,[{['$1'],[{is_map,{element,1,'$1'}}],[]}]),
id(#{ a => b }),
id({1,2}),
id({#{ a => b},2}),
{trace,_,call,{?MODULE,id,[{#{ a := b },2}]}} = getmsg(Tracer),
dbg:ctpl(),
{ok,_} = dbg:tpl(?MODULE,id,[{['$1'],[{'==',{map_size,{element,1,'$1'}},2}],[]}]),
id(#{ a => b }),
id({1,2}),
id({#{ a => b},2}),
id({#{ a => b, b => c},atom}),
{trace,_,call,{?MODULE,id,[{#{ a := b, b := c },atom}]}} = getmsg(Tracer),
dbg:ctpl(),
%MS = dbg:fun2ms(fun([A]) when A == #{ a => b} -> ok end),
%dbg:tpl(?MODULE,id,MS),
%id(#{ a => b }),
%id(#{ b => c }),
%{trace,_,call,{?MODULE,id,[#{ a := b }]}} = getmsg(Tracer),
%dbg:ctpl(),
%% Check to extra messages
timeout = getmsg(Tracer),
dbg:stop_clear(),
ok.
getmsg(_Tracer) ->
receive V -> V after 100 -> timeout end.
trace_collector(Msg,Parent) ->
io:format("~p~n",[Msg]),
Parent ! Msg,
Parent.
%% Use this function to avoid compile-time evaluation of an expression.
id(I) -> I.
