%%
%% %CopyrightBegin%
%%
%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2000-2011. All Rights Reserved.
%%
%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
%%
%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
%% under the License.
%%
%% %CopyrightEnd%
%%
-module(trace_local_SUITE).
-compile({nowarn_deprecated_function, {erlang,hash,2}}).
-export([basic_test/0, bit_syntax_test/0, return_test/0,
on_and_off_test/0, stack_grow_test/0,
info_test/0, delete_test/1, exception_test/1,
not_run/1]).
-export([exported/1, exported_wrap/1, loop/4, apply_slave_async/5,
match/2, clause/2, id/1, undef/1, lists_reverse/2]).
%%
%% Define to run outside of test server
%%
%% (rotten feature)
%%
%%-define(STANDALONE,1).
%%
%% Define for debug output
%%
%%-define(debug,1).
-ifdef(STANDALONE).
-define(config(A,B),config(A,B)).
-export([config/2]).
-define(DEFAULT_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT, 1000).
-else.
-include_lib("test_server/include/test_server.hrl").
-define(DEFAULT_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT, infinity).
-endif.
-ifdef(debug).
-ifdef(STANDALONE).
-define(line, erlang:display({?MODULE,?LINE}), ).
-endif.
-define(dbgformat(A,B),io:format(A,B)).
-else.
-ifdef(STANDALONE).
-define(line, noop, ).
-endif.
-define(dbgformat(A,B),noop).
-endif.
-ifdef(STANDALONE).
config(priv_dir,_) ->
".".
-else.
%%% When run in test server %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-export([all/0, suite/0,groups/0,init_per_suite/1, end_per_suite/1,
init_per_group/2,end_per_group/2, basic/1, bit_syntax/1,
return/1, on_and_off/1, stack_grow/1,info/1, delete/1,
exception/1, exception_apply/1,
exception_function/1, exception_apply_function/1,
exception_nocatch/1, exception_nocatch_apply/1,
exception_nocatch_function/1, exception_nocatch_apply_function/1,
exception_meta/1, exception_meta_apply/1,
exception_meta_function/1, exception_meta_apply_function/1,
exception_meta_nocatch/1, exception_meta_nocatch_apply/1,
exception_meta_nocatch_function/1,
exception_meta_nocatch_apply_function/1,
concurrency/1,
init_per_testcase/2, end_per_testcase/2]).
init_per_testcase(_Case, Config) ->
?line Dog=test_server:timetrap(test_server:minutes(2)),
[{watchdog, Dog}|Config].
end_per_testcase(_Case, Config) ->
shutdown(),
Dog=?config(watchdog, Config),
test_server:timetrap_cancel(Dog),
%% Reloading the module will clear all trace patterns, and
%% in a debug-compiled emulator run assertions of the counters
%% for the number of functions with breakpoints.
c:l(?MODULE).
suite() -> [{ct_hooks,[ts_install_cth]}].
all() ->
case test_server:is_native(trace_local_SUITE) of
true -> [not_run];
false ->
[basic, bit_syntax, return, on_and_off, stack_grow,
info, delete, exception, exception_apply,
exception_function, exception_apply_function,
exception_nocatch, exception_nocatch_apply,
exception_nocatch_function,
exception_nocatch_apply_function, exception_meta,
exception_meta_apply, exception_meta_function,
exception_meta_apply_function, exception_meta_nocatch,
exception_meta_nocatch_apply,
exception_meta_nocatch_function,
exception_meta_nocatch_apply_function,
concurrency]
end.
groups() ->
[].
init_per_suite(Config) ->
Config.
end_per_suite(_Config) ->
ok.
init_per_group(_GroupName, Config) ->
Config.
end_per_group(_GroupName, Config) ->
Config.
not_run(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
{skipped,"Native code"}.
basic(doc) ->
["Tests basic local call-trace"];
basic(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
basic_test().
bit_syntax(doc) ->
"OTP-7399: Make sure that code that uses the optimized bit syntax matching "
"can be traced without crashing the emulator.";
bit_syntax(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
bit_syntax_test().
return(doc) ->
["Tests the different types of return trace"];
return(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
return_test().
on_and_off(doc) ->
["Tests turning trace parameters on and off, "
"both for trace and trace_pattern"];
on_and_off(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
on_and_off_test().
stack_grow(doc) ->
["Tests the stack growth during return traces"];
stack_grow(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
stack_grow_test().
info(doc) ->
["Tests the trace_info BIF"];
info(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
info_test().
delete(doc) ->
["Tests putting trace on deleted modules"];
delete(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
delete_test(Config).
exception(doc) ->
["Tests exception_trace"];
exception(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([]).
exception_apply(doc) ->
["Tests exception_trace"];
exception_apply(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([apply]).
exception_function(doc) ->
["Tests exception_trace"];
exception_function(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([function]).
exception_apply_function(doc) ->
["Tests exception_trace"];
exception_apply_function(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([apply,function]).
exception_nocatch(doc) ->
["Tests exception_trace"];
exception_nocatch(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([nocatch]).
exception_nocatch_apply(doc) ->
["Tests exception_trace"];
exception_nocatch_apply(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([nocatch,apply]).
exception_nocatch_function(doc) ->
["Tests exception_trace"];
exception_nocatch_function(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([nocatch,function]).
exception_nocatch_apply_function(doc) ->
["Tests exception_trace"];
exception_nocatch_apply_function(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([nocatch,apply,function]).
exception_meta(doc) ->
["Tests meta exception_trace"];
exception_meta(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([meta]).
exception_meta_apply(doc) ->
["Tests meta exception_trace"];
exception_meta_apply(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([meta,apply]).
exception_meta_function(doc) ->
["Tests meta exception_trace"];
exception_meta_function(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([meta,function]).
exception_meta_apply_function(doc) ->
["Tests meta exception_trace"];
exception_meta_apply_function(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([meta,apply,function]).
exception_meta_nocatch(doc) ->
["Tests meta exception_trace"];
exception_meta_nocatch(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([meta,nocatch]).
exception_meta_nocatch_apply(doc) ->
["Tests meta exception_trace"];
exception_meta_nocatch_apply(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([meta,nocatch,apply]).
exception_meta_nocatch_function(doc) ->
["Tests meta exception_trace"];
exception_meta_nocatch_function(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([meta,nocatch,function]).
exception_meta_nocatch_apply_function(doc) ->
["Tests meta exception_trace"];
exception_meta_nocatch_apply_function(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
exception_test([meta,nocatch,apply,function]).
-endif.
%%% Message patterns and expect functions %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-define(pCT(P,M,F,A), {trace, P,call,{M,F,A}}).
-define(pCTT(P,M,F,A), {trace_ts,P,call,{M,F,A},{_,_,_}}).
-define(pRF(P,M,F,A,V), {trace, P,return_from,{M,F,A},V}).
-define(pRFT(P,M,F,A,V),{trace_ts,P,return_from,{M,F,A},V,{_,_,_}}).
-define(pEF(P,M,F,A,V), {trace, P,exception_from,{M,F,A},V}).
-define(pEFT(P,M,F,A,V),{trace_ts,P,exception_from,{M,F,A},V,{_,_,_}}).
-define(pRT(P,M,F,A), {trace, P,return_to,{M,F,A}}).
-define(pRTT(P,M,F,A), {trace_ts,P,return_to,{M,F,A},{_,_,_}}).
-define(CT(M,F,A), ?pCT(_,M,F,A) = receive_next()).
-define(CTT(M,F,A), ?pCTT(_,M,F,A) = receive_next()).
-define(RF(M,F,A,V), ?pRF(_,M,F,A,V) = receive_next()).
-define(RFT(M,F,A,V), ?pRFT(_,M,F,A,V) = receive_next()).
-define(EF(M,F,A,V), ?pEF(_,M,F,A,V) = receive_next()).
-define(EFT(M,F,A,V), ?pEFT(_,M,F,A,V) = receive_next()).
-define(RT(M,F,A), ?pRT(_,M,F,A) = receive_next()).
-define(RTT(M,F,A), ?pRTT(_,M,F,A) = receive_next()).
-define(NM, receive_no_next(100)).
expect() ->
{Pid,_} = get(slave),
expect_receive(Pid).
expect(Msg) ->
{Pid,_} = get(slave),
expect_pid(Pid, Msg).
expect_pid(_Pid, []) ->
ok;
expect_pid(Pid, [Line|T]) when is_integer(Line) ->
put(test_server_loc, {?MODULE,Line}),
expect_pid(Pid, T);
expect_pid(Pid, [true|[_|_]=T]) ->
expect_pid(Pid, T);
expect_pid(Pid, [false|[_|T]]) ->
expect_pid(Pid, T);
expect_pid(Pid, [H|T]) ->
expect_pid(Pid, H),
expect_pid(Pid, T);
expect_pid(Pid, Msg) when is_tuple(Msg) ->
same(Msg, expect_receive(Pid));
expect_pid(Pid, Fun) when is_function(Fun, 1) ->
case Fun(expect_receive(Pid)) of
next ->
expect_pid(Pid, Fun);
done ->
ok;
Other ->
expect_pid(Pid, Other)
end.
expect_receive(Pid) when is_pid(Pid) ->
receive
Msg when is_tuple(Msg),
element(1, Msg) == trace,
element(2, Msg) =/= Pid;
%%
is_tuple(Msg),
element(1, Msg) == trace_ts,
element(2, Msg) =/= Pid ->
expect_receive(Pid);
Msg ->
expect_msg(Pid, Msg)
after 100 ->
{nm}
end.
expect_msg(P, ?pCT(P,M,F,Args)) -> {ct,{M,F},Args};
expect_msg(P, ?pCTT(P,M,F,Args)) -> {ctt,{M,F},Args};
expect_msg(P, ?pRF(P,M,F,Arity,V)) -> {rf,{M,F,Arity},V};
expect_msg(P, ?pRFT(P,M,F,Arity,V)) -> {rft,{M,F,Arity},V};
expect_msg(P, ?pEF(P,M,F,Arity,V)) -> {ef,{M,F,Arity},V};
expect_msg(P, ?pEFT(P,M,F,Arity,V)) -> {eft,{M,F,Arity},V};
expect_msg(P, ?pRT(P,M,F,Arity)) -> {rt,{M,F,Arity}};
expect_msg(P, ?pRTT(P,M,F,Arity)) -> {rtt,{M,F,Arity}};
expect_msg(P, Msg) when is_tuple(Msg) ->
case tuple_to_list(Msg) of
[trace,P|T] ->
list_to_tuple([trace|T]);
[trace_ts,P|[_|_]=T] ->
list_to_tuple([trace_ts|reverse(tl(reverse(T)))]);
_ ->
Msg
end.
same(A, B) ->
case [A|B] of
[X|X] ->
ok
end.
%%% tests %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
basic_test() ->
?line setup([call]),
NumMatches = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[],[local]),
NumMatches = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[],[local]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local2,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local_tail,[1]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[],[]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = lambda_slave(fun() ->
exported_wrap(1)
end),
?line ?NM,
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[],[local]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = lambda_slave(fun() ->
exported_wrap(1)
end),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,_,_), %% The fun
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local2,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local_tail,[1]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},false,[local]),
?line shutdown(),
?line ?NM,
ok.
%% OTP-7399.
bit_syntax_test() ->
?line setup([call]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[],[local]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
?line lambda_slave(fun() ->
6 = bs_sum_a(<<1,2,3>>, 0),
10 = bs_sum_b(0, <<1,2,3,4>>),
26 = bs_sum_c(<<3:4,5:4,7:4,11:4>>, 0)
end),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,_,[]), %Ignore call to the fun.
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_a,[<<1,2,3>>,0]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_a,[<<2,3>>,1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_a,[<<3>>,3]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_a,[<<>>,6]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_b,[0,<<1,2,3,4>>]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_b,[1,<<2,3,4>>]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_b,[3,<<3,4>>]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_b,[6,<<4>>]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_b,[10,<<>>]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_c,[<<3:4,5:4,7:4,11:4>>, 0]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_c,[<<5:4,7:4,11:4>>, 3]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_c,[<<7:4,11:4>>, 8]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_c,[<<11:4>>, 15]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,bs_sum_c,[<<>>, 26]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},false,[local]),
?line shutdown(),
?line ?NM,
ok.
bs_sum_a(<<H,T/binary>>, Acc) -> bs_sum_a(T, H+Acc);
bs_sum_a(<<>>, Acc) -> Acc.
bs_sum_b(Acc, <<H,T/binary>>) -> bs_sum_b(H+Acc, T);
bs_sum_b(Acc, <<>>) -> Acc.
bs_sum_c(<<H:4,T/bits>>, Acc) -> bs_sum_c(T, H+Acc);
bs_sum_c(<<>>, Acc) -> Acc.
return_test() ->
?line setup([call]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[{'_',[],[{return_trace}]}],
[local]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,hash,'_'},[{'_',[],[{return_trace}]}],
[local]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local2,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local_tail,[1]),
?line ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
?line ?RF(erlang,hash,2,1),
?line ?RF(?MODULE,local_tail,1,[1,1]),
?line ?RF(?MODULE,local2,1,[1,1]),
?line ?RF(?MODULE,local,1,[1,1,1]),
?line ?RF(?MODULE,exported,1,[1,1,1,1]),
?line ?RF(?MODULE,exported_wrap,1,[1,1,1,1]),
?line shutdown(),
?line setup([call,return_to]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[],
[local]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,hash,'_'},[],
[local]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local2,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local_tail,[1]),
?line ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
?line ?RT(?MODULE,local_tail,1),
?line ?RT(?MODULE,local,1),
?line ?RT(?MODULE,exported,1),
?line ?RT(?MODULE,slave,2),
?line shutdown(),
?line setup([call,return_to]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[{'_',[],[{return_trace}]}],
[local]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,hash,'_'},[{'_',[],[{return_trace}]}],
[local]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local2,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local_tail,[1]),
?line ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
?line ?RF(erlang,hash,2,1),
?line ?RT(?MODULE,local_tail,1),
?line ?RF(?MODULE,local_tail,1,[1,1]),
?line ?RF(?MODULE,local2,1,[1,1]),
?line ?RT(?MODULE,local,1),
?line ?RF(?MODULE,local,1,[1,1,1]),
?line ?RT(?MODULE,exported,1),
?line ?RF(?MODULE,exported,1,[1,1,1,1]),
?line ?RF(?MODULE,exported_wrap,1,[1,1,1,1]),
?line ?RT(?MODULE,slave,2),
?line shutdown(),
?line ?NM,
ok.
on_and_off_test() ->
?line Pid = setup([call]),
?line 1 = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,local_tail,1},[],[local]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
?line LocalTail = fun() ->
local_tail(1)
end,
?line [1,1] = lambda_slave(LocalTail),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local_tail,[1]),
?line erlang:trace(Pid,true,[return_to]),
?line [1,1] = lambda_slave(LocalTail),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,local_tail,[1]),
?line ?RT(?MODULE,_,_),
?line 0 = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,local_tail,1},[],[global]),
?line [1,1] = lambda_slave(LocalTail),
?line ?NM,
?line 1 = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},[],[global]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line 1 = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},[],[local]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?RT(?MODULE,slave,2),
?line 1 = erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,hash,2},[],[local]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
?line ?RT(?MODULE,local_tail,1),
?line ?RT(?MODULE,slave,2),
?line erlang:trace(Pid,true,[timestamp]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CTT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CTT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
?line ?RTT(?MODULE,local_tail,1),
?line ?RTT(?MODULE,slave,2),
?line erlang:trace(Pid,false,[return_to,timestamp]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
?line erlang:trace(Pid,true,[return_to]),
?line 1 = erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,hash,2},[],[]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
?line ?RT(?MODULE,slave,2),
?line 1 = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},[],[]),
?line [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
?line ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
?line shutdown(),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({'_','_','_'},false,[local]),
?line N = erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,'_','_'},true,[local]),
?line case erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,'_','_'},false,[local]) of
N ->
ok;
Else ->
exit({number_mismatch, {expected, N}, {got, Else}})
end,
?line case erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,'_','_'},false,[local]) of
N ->
ok;
Else2 ->
exit({number_mismatch, {expected, N}, {got, Else2}})
end,
?line M = erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,'_','_'},true,[]),
?line case erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,'_','_'},false,[]) of
M ->
ok;
Else3 ->
exit({number_mismatch, {expected, N}, {got, Else3}})
end,
?line case erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,'_','_'},false,[]) of
M ->
ok;
Else4 ->
exit({number_mismatch, {expected, N}, {got, Else4}})
end,
?line ?NM,
ok.
stack_grow_test() ->
?line setup([call,return_to]),
?line 1 = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,loop,4},
[{'_',[],[{return_trace}]}],[local]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
?line Num = 1 bsl 15,
?line Fun =
fun(_F,0) -> ok;
(F,N) ->
receive _A ->
receive _B ->
receive _C ->
F(F,N-1)
end
end
end
end,
?line apply_slave_async(?MODULE,loop,[{hej,hopp},[a,b,c],4.5,Num]),
?line Fun(Fun,Num + 1),
?line ?NM,
ok.
info_test() ->
?line Flags1 = lists:sort([call,return_to]),
?line Pid = setup(Flags1),
?line Prog = [{['$1'],[{is_integer,'$1'}],[{message, false}]},
{'_',[],[]}],
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},Prog,[local]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
?line Self = self(),
?line {flags,L} = erlang:trace_info(Pid,flags),
?line case lists:sort(L) of
Flags1 ->
ok;
Wrong1 ->
exit({bad_result, {erlang,trace_info,[Pid,flags]},
{expected, Flags1}, {got, Wrong1}})
end,
?line {tracer,Tracer} = erlang:trace_info(Pid,tracer),
?line case Tracer of
Self ->
ok;
Wrong2 ->
exit({bad_result, {erlang,trace_info,[Pid,tracer]},
{expected, Self}, {got, Wrong2}})
end,
?line {traced,local} = erlang:trace_info({?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},traced),
?line {match_spec, MS} =
erlang:trace_info({?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},match_spec),
?line case MS of
Prog ->
ok;
Wrong3 ->
exit({bad_result, {erlang,trace_info,
[{?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},
match_spec]},
{expected, Prog}, {got, Wrong3}})
end,
?line erlang:garbage_collect(self()),
?line receive
after 1 ->
ok
end,
?line io:format("~p~n",[MS]),
?line {match_spec,MS2} =
erlang:trace_info({?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},match_spec),
?line io:format("~p~n",[MS2]),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},[],[]),
?line {traced,global} =
erlang:trace_info({?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},traced),
?line {match_spec,[]} =
erlang:trace_info({?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},match_spec),
?line {traced,undefined} =
erlang:trace_info({?MODULE,exported_wrap,2},traced),
?line {match_spec,undefined} =
erlang:trace_info({?MODULE,exported_wrap,2},match_spec),
?line {traced,false} = erlang:trace_info({?MODULE,exported,1},traced),
?line {match_spec,false} =
erlang:trace_info({?MODULE,exported,1},match_spec),
?line shutdown(),
ok.
delete_test(Config) ->
?line Priv = ?config(priv_dir, Config),
?line Data = ?config(data_dir, Config),
?line File = filename:join(Data, "trace_local_dummy"),
?line {ok,trace_local_dummy} = c:c(File, [{outdir,Priv}]),
?line code:purge(trace_local_dummy),
?line code:delete(trace_local_dummy),
?line 0 = erlang:trace_pattern({trace_local_dummy,'_','_'},true,[local]),
?line ?NM,
ok.
%%% exception_test %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
exception_test(Opts) ->
?line {ProcFlags,PatFlags} =
case proplists:get_bool(meta, Opts) of
true -> {[timestamp],[meta]};
false -> {[call,return_to,timestamp],[local]}
end,
?line case proplists:get_bool(nocatch, Opts) of
false ->
?line Exceptions = exceptions(),
?line exception_test_setup(ProcFlags, PatFlags),
?line lists:foreach(
fun ({Func,Args}) ->
?line exception_test(Opts, Func, Args)
end,
Exceptions),
?line shutdown();
true ->
?line Exceptions = exceptions(),
?line lists:foreach(
fun ({Func,Args}) ->
?line exception_test_setup(
[procs|ProcFlags],
PatFlags),
?line exception_test(Opts, Func, Args),
?line shutdown()
end,
Exceptions)
end,
?line ok.
exceptions() ->
Ref = make_ref(),
N = 200000,
LiL = seq(1, N-1, N), % Long Improper List
LL = seq(1, N, []), % Long List
[{{erlang,exit}, [done]},
{{erlang,error}, [1.0]},
{{erlang,error}, [Ref,[]]},
{{erlang,throw}, [4711]},
{{erlang,'++'}, [[17],seventeen]},
{{erlang,'++'}, [Ref,[125.125]]},
{{?MODULE,match}, [ref,Ref]},
{{?MODULE,match}, [Ref,Ref]},
{{?MODULE,clause}, [ref,Ref]},
{{?MODULE,clause}, [Ref,Ref]},
{{?MODULE,id}, [4711.0]},
{{?MODULE,undef}, [[Ref|Ref]]},
{{?MODULE,lists_reverse}, [LiL,[]]},
{{?MODULE,lists_reverse}, [LL,[]]}].
exception_test_setup(ProcFlags, PatFlags) ->
?line Pid = setup(ProcFlags),
?line io:format("=== exception_test_setup(~p, ~p): ~p~n",
[ProcFlags,PatFlags,Pid]),
?line Mprog = [{'_',[],[{exception_trace}]}],
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'}, Mprog, PatFlags),
?line erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,PatFlags),
?line [1,1,1,1,1] =
[erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,F,A}, Mprog, PatFlags)
|| {F,A} <- [{exit,1},{error,1},{error,2},{throw,1},{'++',2}]],
?line 1 = erlang:trace_pattern({lists,reverse,2}, Mprog, PatFlags),
?line ok.
-record(exc_opts, {nocatch=false, meta=false}).
exception_test(Opts, Func0, Args0) ->
?line io:format("=== exception_test(~p, ~p, ~p)~n",
[Opts,Func0,abbr(Args0)]),
?line Apply = proplists:get_bool(apply, Opts),
?line Function = proplists:get_bool(function, Opts),
?line Nocatch = proplists:get_bool(nocatch, Opts),
?line Meta = proplists:get_bool(meta, Opts),
?line ExcOpts = #exc_opts{nocatch=Nocatch,meta=Meta},
%% Func0 and Args0 are for the innermost call, now we will
%% wrap them in wrappers...
?line {Func1,Args1} =
case Function of
true -> {fun exc/2,[Func0,Args0]};
false -> {Func0,Args0}
end,
?line {Func,Args} =
case Apply of
true -> {{erlang,apply},[Func1,Args1]};
false -> {Func1,Args1}
end,
?line R1 = exc_slave(ExcOpts, Func, Args),
?line Stack2 = [{?MODULE,exc_top,3,[]},{?MODULE,slave,2,[]}],
?line Stack3 = [{?MODULE,exc,2,[]}|Stack2],
?line Rs =
case x_exc_top(ExcOpts, Func, Args) of % Emulation
{crash,{Reason,Stack}}=R when is_list(Stack) ->
[R,
{crash,{Reason,Stack++Stack2}},
{crash,{Reason,Stack++Stack3}}];
R ->
[R]
end,
?line exception_validate(R1, Rs),
?line case R1 of
{crash,Crash} ->
?line expect({trace_ts,exit,Crash});
_ when not Meta ->
?line expect({rtt,{?MODULE,slave,2}});
_ ->
ok
end,
?line expect({nm}).
exception_validate(R0, Rs0) ->
R = clean_location(R0),
Rs = [clean_location(E) || E <- Rs0],
exception_validate_1(R, Rs).
exception_validate_1(R1, [R2|Rs]) ->
case [R1|R2] of
[R|R] ->
ok;
[{crash,{badarg,[{lists,reverse,[L1a,L1b],_}|T]}}|
{crash,{badarg,[{lists,reverse,[L2a,L2b],_}|T]}}] ->
same({crash,{badarg,[{lists,reverse,
[lists:reverse(L1b, L1a),[]],[]}|T]}},
{crash,{badarg,[{lists,reverse,
[lists:reverse(L2b, L2a),[]],[]}|T]}});
_ when is_list(Rs), Rs =/= [] ->
exception_validate(R1, Rs)
end.
clean_location({crash,{Reason,Stk0}}) ->
Stk = [{M,F,A,[]} || {M,F,A,_} <- Stk0],
{crash,{Reason,Stk}};
clean_location(Term) -> Term.
concurrency(_Config) ->
N = erlang:system_info(schedulers),
%% Spawn 2*N processes that spin in a tight infinite loop,
%% and one process that will turn on and off local call
%% trace on the infinite_loop/0 function. We expect the
%% emulator to crash if there is a memory barrier bug or
%% if an aligned word-sized write is not atomic.
Ps0 = [spawn_monitor(fun() -> infinite_loop() end) ||
_ <- lists:seq(1, 2*N)],
OnAndOff = fun() -> concurrency_on_and_off() end,
Ps1 = [spawn_monitor(OnAndOff)|Ps0],
?t:sleep(1000),
%% Now spawn off N more processes that turn on off and off
%% a local trace pattern.
Ps = [spawn_monitor(OnAndOff) || _ <- lists:seq(1, N)] ++ Ps1,
?t:sleep(1000),
%% Clean up.
[exit(Pid, kill) || {Pid,_} <- Ps],
[receive
{'DOWN',Ref,process,Pid,killed} -> ok
end || {Pid,Ref} <- Ps],
erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,infinite_loop,0}, false, [local]),
ok.
concurrency_on_and_off() ->
1 = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,infinite_loop,0}, true, [local]),
1 = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,infinite_loop,0}, false, [local]),
concurrency_on_and_off().
infinite_loop() ->
infinite_loop().
%%% Tracee target functions %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%
loop(D1,D2,D3,0) ->
io:format("~p~n",[[D1,D2,D3]]),
0;
loop(D1,D2,D3,N) ->
max(N,loop(D1,D2,D3,N-1)).
exported_wrap(Val) ->
exported(Val).
exported(Val) ->
[Val | local(Val)]. %% Non tail recursive local call
local(Val) ->
[Val | local2(Val)]. %% Non tail recursive local call
local2(Val) ->
local_tail(Val). %% Tail recursive call
local_tail(Val) ->
[Val , erlang:hash(1,1)].
%%% exc_slave/3 tracee target functions %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%
exc_top(ExcOpts, Func, Args) ->
case ExcOpts#exc_opts.nocatch of
false ->
try exc_jump(Func, Args) of
Value ->
{value,Value}
catch
Class:Reason ->
{Class,Reason}
end;
true ->
{value,exc_jump(Func, Args)}
end.
%% x_* functions emulate the non-x_* ones.
%% x_* functions below x_exc_top
%% return {value,Value} or {Class,Reason}.
%% The only possible place for exception
%% is below exc/2.
x_exc_top(ExcOpts, Func, Args) ->
?line Rtt = not ExcOpts#exc_opts.meta,
?line expect({ctt,{?MODULE,exc_top},[ExcOpts,Func,Args]}),
?line case x_exc_jump(ExcOpts, Func, Args) of
Result when not ExcOpts#exc_opts.nocatch ->
?line expect([Rtt,{rtt,{?MODULE,exc_top,3}},
?LINE,{rft,{?MODULE,exc_top,3},Result}]),
?line Result;
{value,_}=Result ->
?line expect([Rtt,{rtt,{?MODULE,exc_top,3}},
?LINE,{rft,{?MODULE,exc_top,3},Result}]),
?line Result;
{exit,Reason}=CR ->
?line expect({eft,{?MODULE,exc_top,3},CR}),
?line {crash,Reason};
{error,Reason}=CR ->
?line expect({eft,{?MODULE,exc_top,3},CR}),
?line {crash,{Reason,x_exc_stacktrace()}};
CR ->
?line expect({eft,{?MODULE,exc_top,3},CR}),
?line {crash,CR}
end.
exc_jump(Func, Args) ->
exc(Func, Args, jump).
x_exc_jump(ExcOpts, Func, Args) ->
?line expect({ctt,{?MODULE,exc_jump},[Func,Args]}),
?line case x_exc(ExcOpts, Func, Args, jump) of
{value,Value}=Result ->
?line expect({rft,{?MODULE,exc_jump,2},Value}),
?line Result;
CR ->
?line expect({eft,{?MODULE,exc_jump,2},CR}),
?line CR
end.
exc(Func, Args, jump) ->
exc(Func, Args, do);
exc(Func, Args, do) ->
exc(Func, Args).
x_exc(ExcOpts, Func, Args, jump) ->
?line expect({ctt,{?MODULE,exc},[Func,Args,jump]}),
?line case x_exc(ExcOpts, Func, Args, do) of
{value,Value}=Result ->
?line expect({rft,{?MODULE,exc,3},Value}),
?line Result;
CR ->
?line expect({eft,{?MODULE,exc,3},CR}),
?line CR
end;
x_exc(ExcOpts, Func, Args, do) ->
?line expect({ctt,{?MODULE,exc},[Func,Args,do]}),
?line case x_exc(ExcOpts, Func, Args) of
{value,Value}=Result ->
?line expect({rft,{?MODULE,exc,3},Value}),
?line Result;
CR ->
?line expect({eft,{?MODULE,exc,3},CR}),
?line CR
end.
exc({erlang,apply}, [{M,F},A]) ->
erlang:apply(M, F, id(A));
exc({erlang,apply}, [F,A]) ->
erlang:apply(F, id(A));
exc({erlang,error}, [E]) ->
erlang:error(id(E));
exc({erlang,error}, [E,S]) ->
erlang:error(E, id(S));
exc({erlang,exit}, [E]) ->
erlang:exit(id(E));
exc({erlang,throw}, [E]) ->
erlang:throw(id(E));
exc({erlang,'++'}, [A,B]) ->
erlang:'++'(A, id(B));
exc({?MODULE,match}, [A,B]) ->
match(A, id(B));
exc({?MODULE,clause}, [A,B]) ->
clause(A, id(B));
exc({?MODULE,id}, [E]) ->
id(id(E));
exc({?MODULE,undef}, [E]) ->
undef(id(E));
exc({?MODULE,lists_reverse}, [A,B]) ->
lists_reverse(A, id(B));
exc(Func, [A,B]) when is_function(Func, 2) ->
Func(A, id(B)).
x_exc(ExcOpts, {erlang,apply}=Func0, [{_,_}=Func,Args]=Args0) ->
?line expect({ctt,{?MODULE,exc},[Func0,Args0]}),
?line x_exc_body(ExcOpts, Func, Args, true);
x_exc(ExcOpts, {erlang,apply}=Func0, [Func,Args]=Args0)
when is_function(Func, 2)->
?line expect({ctt,{?MODULE,exc},[Func0,Args0]}),
?line x_exc_func(ExcOpts, Func, Args, Args);
x_exc(ExcOpts, {_,_}=Func, Args) ->
?line expect({ctt,{?MODULE,exc},[Func,Args]}),
?line x_exc_body(ExcOpts, Func, Args, false);
x_exc(ExcOpts, Func0, [_,Args]=Args0)
when is_function(Func0, 2) ->
?line expect({ctt,{?MODULE,exc},[Func0,Args0]}),
?line x_exc_func(ExcOpts, Func0, Args0, Args).
x_exc_func(ExcOpts, Func, [Func1,Args1]=Args, Id) ->
%% Assumes the called fun =:= fun exc/2,
%% will utterly fail otherwise.
?line Rtt = not ExcOpts#exc_opts.meta,
?line {module,M} = erlang:fun_info(Func, module),
?line {name,F} = erlang:fun_info(Func, name),
?line expect([{ctt,{?MODULE,id},[Id]},
?LINE,{rft,{?MODULE,id,1},Id},
?LINE,Rtt,{rtt,{?MODULE,exc,2}},
?LINE,{ctt,{M,F},Args}]),
?line case x_exc(ExcOpts, Func1, Args1) of
{value,Value}=Result ->
?line expect([{rft,{M,F,2},Value},
?LINE,{rft,{?MODULE,exc,2},Value}]),
?line Result;
CR ->
?line expect([{eft,{M,F,2},CR},
?LINE,{eft,{?MODULE,exc,2},CR}]),
?line CR
end.
x_exc_body(ExcOpts, {M,F}=Func, Args, Apply) ->
?line Nocatch = ExcOpts#exc_opts.nocatch,
?line Rtt = not ExcOpts#exc_opts.meta,
?line Id = case Apply of
true -> Args;
false -> lists:last(Args)
end,
?line expect([{ctt,{?MODULE,id},[Id]},
?LINE,{rft,{?MODULE,id,1},Id},
?LINE,Rtt,{rtt,{?MODULE,exc,2}},
?LINE,{ctt,{M,F},Args}]),
?line Arity = length(Args),
?line try exc(Func, Args) of
Value ->
?line x_exc_value(Rtt, M, F, Args, Arity, Value),
?line case expect() of
{rtt,{M,F,Arity}} when Rtt, Apply ->
%% We may get the above when
%% applying a BIF.
?line expect({rft,{?MODULE,exc,2},Value});
{rtt,{?MODULE,exc,2}} when Rtt, not Apply ->
%% We may get the above when
%% calling a BIF.
?line expect({rft,{?MODULE,exc,2},Value});
{rft,{?MODULE,exc,2},Value} ->
?line ok
end,
?line {value,Value}
catch
Thrown when Nocatch ->
?line CR = {error,{nocatch,Thrown}},
?line x_exc_exception(Rtt, M, F, Args, Arity, CR),
?line expect({eft,{?MODULE,exc,2},CR}),
?line CR;
Class:Reason ->
?line CR = {Class,Reason},
?line x_exc_exception(Rtt, M, F, Args, Arity, CR),
?line expect({eft,{?MODULE,exc,2},CR}),
?line CR
end.
x_exc_value(Rtt, ?MODULE, lists_reverse, [La,Lb], 2, R) ->
?line L = lists:reverse(Lb, La),
?line expect([fun ({ctt,{lists,reverse},[L1,L2]}) ->
?line same(L, lists:reverse(L2, L1)),
?line next;
(Msg) ->
?line same({rft,{lists,reverse,2},R}, Msg),
?line same(R, lists:reverse(L, [])),
?line done
end,
?LINE,Rtt,{rtt,{?MODULE,lists_reverse,2}},
?LINE,{rft,{?MODULE,lists_reverse,2},R}]);
x_exc_value(_Rtt, M, F, _, Arity, Value) ->
?line expect({rft,{M,F,Arity},Value}).
x_exc_exception(_Rtt, ?MODULE, lists_reverse, [La,Lb], 2, CR) ->
?line L = lists:reverse(Lb, La),
?line expect([fun ({ctt,{lists,reverse},[L1,L2]}) ->
?line same(L, lists:reverse(L2, L1)),
?line next;
(Msg) ->
?line same({eft,{lists,reverse,2},CR}, Msg),
?line done
end,
?LINE,{eft,{?MODULE,lists_reverse,2},CR}]);
x_exc_exception(Rtt, ?MODULE, undef, [_], 1, {Class,Reason}=CR) ->
?line expect([{ctt,{erlang,Class},[Reason]},
?LINE,{eft,{erlang,Class,1},CR},
?LINE,Rtt,{rtt,{error_handler,crash,1}},
?LINE,{eft,{?MODULE,undef,1},CR}]);
x_exc_exception(_Rtt, M, F, _, Arity, CR) ->
?line expect({eft,{M,F,Arity},CR}).
x_exc_stacktrace() ->
x_exc_stacktrace(erlang:get_stacktrace()).
%% Truncate stacktrace to below exc/2
x_exc_stacktrace([{?MODULE,x_exc,4,_}|_]) -> [];
x_exc_stacktrace([{?MODULE,x_exc_func,4,_}|_]) -> [];
x_exc_stacktrace([{?MODULE,x_exc_body,4,_}|_]) -> [];
x_exc_stacktrace([{?MODULE,exc,2,_}|_]) -> [];
x_exc_stacktrace([H|T]) ->
[H|x_exc_stacktrace(T)].
match(A, B) ->
A = B.
clause(A, A) ->
A.
id(Id) ->
Id.
undef(X) ->
?MODULE:undef(X, X). % undef
lists_reverse(A, B) ->
lists:reverse(A, B).
%%% Tracee (slave) handling %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%
slave(Dest, Sync) ->
Dest ! Sync,
receive
{From,Tag,{apply,M,F,A}} when is_pid(From) ->
?line ?dbgformat("Apply: ~p:~p/~p (~p)~n",[M,F,length(A),A]),
?line Res = apply(M,F,A),
?line ?dbgformat("done Apply: ~p:~p/~p (~p)~n",[M,F,length(A),A]),
From ! {Tag,Res},
slave(From, Tag);
{From,Tag,{lambda,Fun}} when is_pid(From) ->
Res = Fun(),
From ! {Tag,Res},
slave(From, Tag);
{From,Tag,{exc_top,Catch,Func,Args}} when is_pid(From) ->
?line ?dbgformat("Exc: ~p ~p~p ~n",[Catch,Func,Args]),
?line Res = exc_top(Catch, Func, Args),
?line ?dbgformat("done Exc: ~p ~p~p ~n",[Catch,Func,Args]),
From ! {Tag,Res},
slave(From,Tag);
die ->
exit(normal)
end.
setup(ProcFlags) ->
trace_off(),
flush(100),
Self = self(),
Sync = make_ref(),
Pid = spawn(fun () -> slave(Self, Sync) end),
Mref = erlang:monitor(process, Pid),
receive
Sync ->
put(slave, {Pid,Mref}),
case ProcFlags of
[] -> ok;
_ ->
erlang:trace(Pid, true, ProcFlags)
end,
Pid
end.
shutdown() ->
trace_off(),
{Pid,Mref} = get(slave),
try erlang:is_process_alive(Pid) of
true ->
Pid ! die,
receive
{'DOWN',Mref,process,Pid,Reason} ->
Reason
end;
_ ->
not_alive
catch _:_ ->
undefined
end.
trace_off() ->
erlang:trace_pattern({'_','_','_'},false,[]),
erlang:trace_pattern({'_','_','_'},false,[local]),
erlang:trace_pattern({'_','_','_'},false,[meta]),
erlang:trace(all, false, [all]).
apply_slave_async(M,F,A) ->
{Pid,Mref} = get(slave),
spawn(?MODULE,apply_slave_async,[M,F,A,Pid,Mref]),
Pid.
apply_slave_async(M,F,A,Pid,Mref) ->
Tag = make_ref(),
Pid ! {self(),Tag,{apply,M,F,A}},
result(Tag, Mref).
apply_slave(M,F,A) ->
request({apply,M,F,A}).
lambda_slave(Fun) ->
request({lambda,Fun}).
exc_slave(Opts, Func, Args) ->
try request({exc_top,Opts,Func,Args})
catch
Reason ->
{crash,Reason}
end.
request(Request) ->
Tag = make_ref(),
{Pid,Mref} = get(slave),
Pid ! {self(),Tag,Request},
result(Tag, Mref).
result(Tag, Mref) ->
receive
{Tag,Result} ->
receive
Tag ->
Result
end;
{'DOWN',Mref,process,_Pid,Reason} ->
throw(Reason)
end.
%%% Some receive helpers %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%
receive_next() ->
receive_next(?DEFAULT_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT).
receive_next(TO) ->
receive
M ->
M
after TO ->
?t:fail(timeout)
end.
receive_no_next(TO) ->
receive M ->
?t:fail({unexpected_message,[M|flush(TO)]})
after TO ->
ok
end.
flush(T) ->
receive
M ->
[M|flush(T)]
after T ->
[]
end.
%%% Helpers %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%
%% Do not build garbage
%%
seq(M, N, R) when M =< N ->
seq(M, N-1, [N|R]);
seq(_, _, R) -> R.
%% Do not call traced lists:reverse
reverse(L) ->
reverse(L, []).
%%
reverse([], R) -> R;
reverse([H|T], R) ->
reverse(T, [H|R]).
%% Abbreviate large complex terms to avoid croaking printout
%%
abbr(Term) ->
abbr(Term, 20).
%%
abbr(Tuple, N) when is_tuple(Tuple) ->
list_to_tuple(abbr_tuple(Tuple, N, 1));
abbr(List, N) when is_list(List) ->
abbr_list(List, N, []);
abbr(Term, _) -> Term.
%%
abbr_tuple(Tuple, N, J) when J =< size(Tuple) ->
if J > N; N =< 0 ->
['...'];
true ->
[abbr(element(J, Tuple), N-1)|abbr_tuple(Tuple, J+1, N)]
end;
abbr_tuple(_, _, _) ->
[].
%%
abbr_list(_, 0, R) ->
case io_lib:printable_list(R) of
true ->
reverse(R, "...");
false ->
reverse(R, '...')
end;
abbr_list([H|T], N, R) ->
M = N-1,
abbr_list(T, M, [abbr(H, M)|R]);
abbr_list(T, _, R) ->
reverse(R, T).
