%%
%% %CopyrightBegin%
%%
%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2011. All Rights Reserved.
%%
%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
%%
%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
%% under the License.
%%
%% %CopyrightEnd%
%%
%%
%% This module implements (as a process) the RFC 3588 Peer State
%% Machine modulo the necessity of adapting the peer election to the
%% fact that we don't know the identity of a peer until we've
%% received a CER/CEA from it.
%%
-module(diameter_peer_fsm).
-behaviour(gen_server).
%% Interface towards diameter_watchdog.
-export([start/3]).
%% gen_server callbacks
-export([init/1,
handle_call/3,
handle_cast/2,
handle_info/2,
terminate/2,
code_change/3]).
%% diameter_peer_fsm_sup callback
-export([start_link/1]).
%% internal callbacks
-export([match/1]).
-include_lib("diameter/include/diameter.hrl").
-include("diameter_internal.hrl").
-include("diameter_types.hrl").
-include("diameter_gen_base_rfc3588.hrl").
-define(GOAWAY, ?'DIAMETER_BASE_DISCONNECT-CAUSE_DO_NOT_WANT_TO_TALK_TO_YOU').
-define(REBOOT, ?'DIAMETER_BASE_DISCONNECT-CAUSE_REBOOTING').
-define(NO_INBAND_SECURITY, 0).
-define(TLS, 1).
-define(LOOP_TIMEOUT, 2000).
%% RFC 3588:
%%
%% Timeout An application-defined timer has expired while waiting
%% for some event.
%%
-define(EVENT_TIMEOUT, 10000).
%% How long to wait for a DPA in response to DPR before simply
%% aborting. Used to distinguish between shutdown and not but there's
%% not really any need. Stopping a service will require a timeout if
%% the peer doesn't answer DPR so the value should be short-ish.
-define(DPA_TIMEOUT, 1000).
-record(state,
{state = 'Wait-Conn-Ack' %% state of RFC 3588 Peer State Machine
:: 'Wait-Conn-Ack' | recv_CER | 'Wait-CEA' | 'Open',
mode :: accept | connect | {connect, reference()},
parent :: pid(),
transport :: pid(),
service :: #diameter_service{},
dpr = false :: false | {'Unsigned32'(), 'Unsigned32'()}}).
%% | hop by hop and end to end identifiers
%% There are non-3588 states possible as a consequence of 5.6.1 of the
%% standard and the corresponding problem for incoming CEA's: we don't
%% know who we're talking to until either a CER or CEA has been
%% received. The CEA problem in particular makes it impossible to
%% follow the state machine exactly as documented in 3588: there can
%% be no election until the CEA arrives and we have an Origin-Host to
%% elect.
%%
%% Once upon a time start/2 started a process akin to that started by
%% start/3 below, which in turn started a watchdog/transport process
%% with the result that the watchdog could send DWR/DWA regardless of
%% whether or not the corresponding Peer State Machine was in its open
%% state; that is, before capabilities exchange had taken place. This
%% is not what RFC's 3588 and 3539 say (albeit not very clearly).
%% Watchdog messages are only exchanged on *open* connections, so the
%% 3539 state machine is more naturally placed on top of the 3588 Peer
%% State Machine rather than closer to the transport. This is what we
%% now do below: connect/accept call diameter_watchdog and return the
%% pid of the watchdog process, and the watchdog in turn calls start/3
%% below to start the process implementing the Peer State Machine. The
%% former is a "peer" in diameter_service while the latter is a
%% "conn". In a sense, diameter_service sees the watchdog as
%% implementing the Peer State Machine and the process implemented
%% here as being the transport, not being aware of the watchdog at
%% all.
%%
%%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% # start({connect|accept, Ref}, Opts, Service)
%%%
%%% Output: Pid
%%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% diameter_config requires a non-empty list of applications on the
%% service but diameter_service then constrains the list to any
%% specified on the transport in question. Check here that the list is
%% still non-empty.
start({_, Ref} = Type, Opts, #diameter_service{applications = Apps} = Svc) ->
[] /= Apps orelse ?ERROR({no_apps, Type, Opts}),
T = {self(), Type, Opts, Svc},
{ok, Pid} = diameter_peer_fsm_sup:start_child(T),
diameter_stats:reg(Pid, Ref),
Pid.
start_link(T) ->
{ok, _} = proc_lib:start_link(?MODULE,
init,
[T],
infinity,
diameter_lib:spawn_opts(server, [])).
%%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% init/1
init(T) ->
proc_lib:init_ack({ok, self()}),
gen_server:enter_loop(?MODULE, [], i(T)).
i({WPid, {M, _} = T, Opts, #diameter_service{capabilities = Caps} = Svc0}) ->
putr(dwa, dwa(Caps)),
{ok, TPid, Svc} = start_transport(T, Opts, Svc0),
erlang:monitor(process, TPid),
erlang:monitor(process, WPid),
#state{parent = WPid,
transport = TPid,
mode = M,
service = Svc}.
%% The transport returns its local ip addresses so that different
%% transports on the same service can use different local addresses.
%% The local addresses are put into Host-IP-Address avps here when
%% sending capabilities exchange messages.
%%
%% Invalid transport config may cause us to crash but note that the
%% watchdog start (start/2) succeeds regardless so as not to crash the
%% service.
start_transport(T, Opts, Svc) ->
case diameter_peer:start(T, Opts, Svc) of
{ok, TPid} ->
{ok, TPid, Svc};
{ok, TPid, [_|_] = Addrs} ->
#diameter_service{capabilities = Caps0} = Svc,
Caps = Caps0#diameter_caps{host_ip_address = Addrs},
{ok, TPid, Svc#diameter_service{capabilities = Caps}};
No ->
exit({shutdown, No})
end.
%% handle_call/3
handle_call(_, _, State) ->
{reply, nok, State}.
%% handle_cast/2
handle_cast(_, State) ->
{noreply, State}.
%% handle_info/1
handle_info(T, #state{} = State) ->
try transition(T, State) of
ok ->
{noreply, State};
#state{state = X} = S ->
?LOGC(X =/= State#state.state, transition, X),
{noreply, S};
{stop, Reason} ->
?LOG(stop, Reason),
x(Reason, State);
stop ->
?LOG(stop, T),
x(T, State)
catch
throw: {?MODULE, Tag, Reason} ->
?LOG(Tag, {Reason, T}),
{stop, {shutdown, Reason}, State}
end.
x(Reason, #state{} = S) ->
close_wd(Reason, S),
{stop, {shutdown, Reason}, S}.
%% terminate/2
terminate(_, _) ->
ok.
%% code_change/3
code_change(_, State, _) ->
{ok, State}.
%%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
putr(Key, Val) ->
put({?MODULE, Key}, Val).
getr(Key) ->
get({?MODULE, Key}).
%% transition/2
%% Connection to peer.
transition({diameter, {TPid, connected, Remote}},
#state{state = PS,
mode = M}
= S) ->
'Wait-Conn-Ack' = PS, %% assert
connect = M, %%
send_CER(S#state{mode = {M, Remote},
transport = TPid});
%% Connection from peer.
transition({diameter, {TPid, connected}},
#state{state = PS,
mode = M,
parent = Pid}
= S) ->
'Wait-Conn-Ack' = PS, %% assert
accept = M, %%
Pid ! {accepted, self()},
start_timer(S#state{state = recv_CER,
transport = TPid});
%% Incoming message from the transport.
transition({diameter, {recv, Pkt}}, S) ->
recv(Pkt, S);
%% Timeout when still in the same state ...
transition({timeout, PS}, #state{state = PS}) ->
stop;
%% ... or not.
transition({timeout, _}, _) ->
ok;
%% Outgoing message.
transition({send, Msg}, #state{transport = TPid}) ->
send(TPid, Msg),
ok;
%% Request for graceful shutdown.
transition({shutdown, Pid}, #state{parent = Pid, dpr = false} = S) ->
dpr(?GOAWAY, S);
transition({shutdown, Pid}, #state{parent = Pid}) ->
ok;
%% Application shutdown.
transition(shutdown, #state{dpr = false} = S) ->
dpr(?REBOOT, S);
transition(shutdown, _) -> %% DPR already send: ensure expected timeout
dpa_timer(),
ok;
%% Request to close the transport connection.
transition({close = T, Pid}, #state{parent = Pid,
transport = TPid}) ->
diameter_peer:close(TPid),
{stop, T};
%% DPA reception has timed out.
transition(dpa_timeout, _) ->
stop;
%% Someone wants to know a resolved port: forward to the transport process.
transition({resolve_port, _Pid} = T, #state{transport = TPid}) ->
TPid ! T,
ok;
%% Parent or transport has died.
transition({'DOWN', _, process, P, _},
#state{parent = Pid,
transport = TPid})
when P == Pid;
P == TPid ->
stop;
%% State query.
transition({state, Pid}, #state{state = S, transport = TPid}) ->
Pid ! {self(), [S, TPid]},
ok.
%% Crash on anything unexpected.
%% send_CER/1
send_CER(#state{mode = {connect, Remote},
service = #diameter_service{capabilities = Caps},
transport = TPid}
= S) ->
req_send_CER(Caps#diameter_caps.origin_host, Remote)
orelse
close(connected, S),
CER = build_CER(S),
?LOG(send, 'CER'),
send(TPid, encode(CER)),
start_timer(S#state{state = 'Wait-CEA'}).
%% Register ourselves as connecting to the remote endpoint in
%% question. This isn't strictly necessary since a peer implementing
%% the 3588 Peer State Machine should reject duplicate connection's
%% from the same peer but there's little point in us setting up a
%% duplicate connection in the first place. This could also include
%% the transport protocol being used but since we're blind to
%% transport just avoid duplicate connections to the same host/port.
req_send_CER(OriginHost, Remote) ->
register_everywhere({?MODULE, connection, OriginHost, {remote, Remote}}).
%% start_timer/1
start_timer(#state{state = PS} = S) ->
erlang:send_after(?EVENT_TIMEOUT, self(), {timeout, PS}),
S.
%% build_CER/1
build_CER(#state{service = #diameter_service{capabilities = Caps}}) ->
{ok, CER} = diameter_capx:build_CER(Caps),
CER.
%% encode/1
encode(Rec) ->
#diameter_packet{bin = Bin} = diameter_codec:encode(?BASE, Rec),
Bin.
%% recv/2
%% RFC 3588 has result code 5015 for an invalid length but if a
%% transport is detecting message boundaries using the length header
%% then a length error will likely lead to further errors.
recv(#diameter_packet{header = #diameter_header{length = Len}
= Hdr,
bin = Bin},
S)
when Len < 20;
(0 /= Len rem 4 orelse bit_size(Bin) /= 8*Len) ->
discard(invalid_message_length, recv, [size(Bin),
bit_size(Bin) rem 8,
Hdr,
S]);
recv(#diameter_packet{header = #diameter_header{} = Hdr}
= Pkt,
#state{parent = Pid}
= S) ->
Name = diameter_codec:msg_name(Hdr),
Pid ! {recv, self(), Name, Pkt},
diameter_stats:incr({msg_id(Name, Hdr), recv}), %% count received
rcv(Name, Pkt, S);
recv(#diameter_packet{header = undefined,
bin = Bin}
= Pkt,
S) ->
recv(Pkt#diameter_packet{header = diameter_codec:decode_header(Bin)}, S);
recv(Bin, S)
when is_binary(Bin) ->
recv(#diameter_packet{bin = Bin}, S);
recv(#diameter_packet{header = false} = Pkt, S) ->
discard(truncated_header, recv, [Pkt, S]).
msg_id({_,_,_} = T, _) ->
T;
msg_id(_, Hdr) ->
diameter_codec:msg_id(Hdr).
%% Treat invalid length as a transport error and die. Especially in
%% the TCP case, in which there's no telling where the next message
%% begins in the incoming byte stream, keeping a crippled connection
%% alive may just make things worse.
discard(Reason, F, A) ->
diameter_stats:incr(Reason),
diameter_lib:warning_report(Reason, {?MODULE, F, A}),
throw({?MODULE, abort, Reason}).
%% rcv/3
%% Incoming CEA.
rcv('CEA', Pkt, #state{state = 'Wait-CEA'} = S) ->
handle_CEA(Pkt, S);
%% Incoming CER
rcv('CER' = N, Pkt, #state{state = recv_CER} = S) ->
handle_request(N, Pkt, S);
%% Anything but CER/CEA in a non-Open state is an error, as is
%% CER/CEA in anything but recv_CER/Wait-CEA.
rcv(Name, _, #state{state = PS})
when PS /= 'Open';
Name == 'CER';
Name == 'CEA' ->
{stop, {Name, PS}};
rcv(N, Pkt, S)
when N == 'DWR';
N == 'DPR' ->
handle_request(N, Pkt, S);
%% DPA even though we haven't sent DPR: ignore.
rcv('DPA', _Pkt, #state{dpr = false}) ->
ok;
%% DPA in response to DPR. We could check the sequence numbers but
%% don't bother, just close.
rcv('DPA' = N, _Pkt, #state{transport = TPid}) ->
diameter_peer:close(TPid),
{stop, N};
rcv(_, _, _) ->
ok.
%% send/2
%% Msg here could be a #diameter_packet or a binary depending on who's
%% sending. In particular, the watchdog will send DWR as a binary
%% while messages coming from clients will be in a #diameter_packet.
send(Pid, Msg) ->
diameter_stats:incr({diameter_codec:msg_id(Msg), send}),
diameter_peer:send(Pid, Msg).
%% handle_request/3
handle_request(Type, #diameter_packet{} = Pkt, S) ->
?LOG(recv, Type),
send_answer(Type, diameter_codec:decode(?BASE, Pkt), S).
%% send_answer/3
send_answer(Type, ReqPkt, #state{transport = TPid} = S) ->
#diameter_packet{header = #diameter_header{version = V,
end_to_end_id = Eid,
hop_by_hop_id = Hid,
is_proxiable = P},
transport_data = TD}
= ReqPkt,
{Answer, PostF} = build_answer(Type, V, ReqPkt, S),
Pkt = #diameter_packet{header = #diameter_header{version = V,
end_to_end_id = Eid,
hop_by_hop_id = Hid,
is_proxiable = P},
msg = Answer,
transport_data = TD},
send(TPid, diameter_codec:encode(?BASE, Pkt)),
eval(PostF, S).
eval([F|A], S) ->
apply(F, A ++ [S]);
eval(ok, S) ->
S.
%% build_answer/4
build_answer('CER',
?DIAMETER_VERSION,
#diameter_packet{msg = CER,
header = #diameter_header{is_error = false},
errors = []}
= Pkt,
#state{service = Svc}
= S) ->
#diameter_service{capabilities = #diameter_caps{origin_host = OH}}
= Svc,
{SupportedApps,
#diameter_caps{origin_host = DH} = RCaps,
#diameter_base_CEA{'Result-Code' = RC}
= CEA}
= recv_CER(CER, S),
try
2001 == RC %% DIAMETER_SUCCESS
orelse ?THROW({sent_CEA, RC}),
register_everywhere({?MODULE, connection, OH, DH})
orelse ?THROW({election_lost, 4003}),
#diameter_base_CEA{'Inband-Security-Id' = [IS]}
= CEA,
{CEA, [fun open/5, Pkt, SupportedApps, RCaps, {accept, IS}]}
catch
?FAILURE({Reason, RC}) ->
{answer('CER', S) ++ [{'Result-Code', RC}],
[fun close/2, {'CER', Reason, DH}]}
end;
%% The error checks below are similar to those in diameter_service for
%% other messages. Should factor out the commonality.
build_answer(Type, V, #diameter_packet{header = H, errors = Es} = Pkt, S) ->
FailedAvp = failed_avp([A || {_,A} <- Es]),
Ans = answer(answer(Type, S), V, H, Es),
{set(Ans, FailedAvp), if 'CER' == Type ->
[fun close/2, {Type, V, Pkt}];
true ->
ok
end}.
failed_avp([] = No) ->
No;
failed_avp(Avps) ->
[{'Failed-AVP', [[{'AVP', Avps}]]}].
set(Ans, []) ->
Ans;
set(['answer-message' | _] = Ans, FailedAvp) ->
Ans ++ [{'AVP', [FailedAvp]}];
set([_|_] = Ans, FailedAvp) ->
Ans ++ FailedAvp.
answer([_, OH, OR | _], _, #diameter_header{is_error = true}, _) ->
['answer-message', OH, OR, {'Result-Code', 3008}];
answer([_, OH, OR | _], _, _, [Bs|_])
when is_bitstring(Bs) ->
['answer-message', OH, OR, {'Result-Code', 3009}];
answer(Ans, ?DIAMETER_VERSION, _, Es) ->
Ans ++ [{'Result-Code', rc(Es)}];
answer(Ans, _, _, _) ->
Ans ++ [{'Result-Code', 5011}]. %% DIAMETER_UNSUPPORTED_VERSION
rc([]) ->
2001; %% DIAMETER_SUCCESS
rc([{RC,_}|_]) ->
RC;
rc([RC|_]) ->
RC.
%% DIAMETER_INVALID_HDR_BITS 3008
%% A request was received whose bits in the Diameter header were
%% either set to an invalid combination, or to a value that is
%% inconsistent with the command code's definition.
%% DIAMETER_INVALID_AVP_BITS 3009
%% A request was received that included an AVP whose flag bits are
%% set to an unrecognized value, or that is inconsistent with the
%% AVP's definition.
%% ELECTION_LOST 4003
%% The peer has determined that it has lost the election process and
%% has therefore disconnected the transport connection.
%% DIAMETER_NO_COMMON_APPLICATION 5010
%% This error is returned when a CER message is received, and there
%% are no common applications supported between the peers.
%% DIAMETER_UNSUPPORTED_VERSION 5011
%% This error is returned when a request was received, whose version
%% number is unsupported.
%% answer/2
answer('DWR', _) ->
getr(dwa);
answer(Name, #state{service = #diameter_service{capabilities = Caps}}) ->
a(Name, Caps).
a('CER', #diameter_caps{vendor_id = Vid,
origin_host = Host,
origin_realm = Realm,
host_ip_address = Addrs,
product_name = Name}) ->
['CEA', {'Origin-Host', Host},
{'Origin-Realm', Realm},
{'Host-IP-Address', Addrs},
{'Vendor-Id', Vid},
{'Product-Name', Name}];
a('DPR', #diameter_caps{origin_host = Host,
origin_realm = Realm}) ->
['DPA', {'Origin-Host', Host},
{'Origin-Realm', Realm}].
%% recv_CER/2
recv_CER(CER, #state{service = Svc}) ->
{ok, T} = diameter_capx:recv_CER(CER, Svc),
T.
%% handle_CEA/1
handle_CEA(#diameter_packet{header = #diameter_header{version = V},
bin = Bin}
= Pkt,
#state{service = #diameter_service{capabilities = LCaps}}
= S)
when is_binary(Bin) ->
?LOG(recv, 'CEA'),
?DIAMETER_VERSION == V orelse close({version, V}, S),
#diameter_packet{msg = CEA, errors = Errors}
= DPkt
= diameter_codec:decode(?BASE, Pkt),
[] == Errors orelse close({errors, Errors}, S),
{SApps, [IS], #diameter_caps{origin_host = DH} = RCaps}
= recv_CEA(CEA, S),
#diameter_caps{origin_host = OH}
= LCaps,
%% Ensure that we don't already have a connection to the peer in
%% question. This isn't the peer election of 3588 except in the
%% sense that, since we don't know who we're talking to until we
%% receive a CER/CEA, the first that arrives wins the right to a
%% connection with the peer.
register_everywhere({?MODULE, connection, OH, DH})
orelse close({'CEA', DH}, S),
open(DPkt, SApps, RCaps, {connect, IS}, S).
%% recv_CEA/2
recv_CEA(CEA, #state{service = Svc} = S) ->
case diameter_capx:recv_CEA(CEA, Svc) of
{ok, {_,_}} -> %% return from old code
close({'CEA', update}, S);
{ok, {[], _, _}} ->
close({'CEA', no_common_application}, S);
{ok, {_, [], _}} ->
close({'CEA', no_common_security}, S);
{ok, {_,_,_} = T} ->
T;
{error, Reason} ->
close({'CEA', Reason}, S)
end.
%% open/5
open(Pkt, SupportedApps, RCaps, {Type, IS}, #state{parent = Pid,
service = Svc}
= S) ->
#diameter_service{capabilities = #diameter_caps{origin_host = OH,
inband_security_id = LS}
= LCaps}
= Svc,
#diameter_caps{origin_host = DH}
= RCaps,
tls_ack(lists:member(?TLS, LS), Type, IS, S),
Pid ! {open, self(), {OH,DH}, {capz(LCaps, RCaps), SupportedApps, Pkt}},
S#state{state = 'Open'}.
%% We've advertised TLS support: tell the transport the result
%% and expect a reply when the handshake is complete.
tls_ack(true, Type, IS, #state{transport = TPid} = S) ->
Ref = make_ref(),
MRef = erlang:monitor(process, TPid),
TPid ! {diameter, {tls, Ref, Type, IS == ?TLS}},
receive
{diameter, {tls, Ref}} ->
erlang:demonitor(MRef, [flush]);
{'DOWN', MRef, process, _, _} = T ->
close({tls_ack, T}, S)
end;
%% Or not. Don't send anything to the transport so that transports
%% not supporting TLS work as before without modification.
tls_ack(false, _, _, _) ->
ok.
capz(#diameter_caps{} = L, #diameter_caps{} = R) ->
#diameter_caps{}
= list_to_tuple([diameter_caps | lists:zip(tl(tuple_to_list(L)),
tl(tuple_to_list(R)))]).
%% close/2
%% Tell the watchdog that our death isn't due to transport failure.
close(Reason, #state{parent = Pid}) ->
close_wd(Reason, Pid),
throw({?MODULE, close, Reason}).
%% close_wd/2
%% Ensure the watchdog dies if DPR has been sent ...
close_wd(_, #state{dpr = false}) ->
ok;
close_wd(Reason, #state{parent = Pid}) ->
close_wd(Reason, Pid);
%% ... or otherwise
close_wd(Reason, Pid) ->
Pid ! {close, self(), Reason}.
%% dwa/1
dwa(#diameter_caps{origin_host = OH,
origin_realm = OR,
origin_state_id = OSI}) ->
['DWA', {'Origin-Host', OH},
{'Origin-Realm', OR},
{'Origin-State-Id', OSI}].
%% dpr/2
dpr(Cause, #state{transport = TPid,
service = #diameter_service{capabilities = Caps}}
= S) ->
#diameter_caps{origin_host = OH,
origin_realm = OR}
= Caps,
Bin = encode(['DPR', {'Origin-Host', OH},
{'Origin-Realm', OR},
{'Disconnect-Cause', Cause}]),
send(TPid, Bin),
dpa_timer(),
?LOG(send, 'DPR'),
S#state{dpr = diameter_codec:sequence_numbers(Bin)}.
dpa_timer() ->
erlang:send_after(?DPA_TIMEOUT, self(), dpa_timeout).
%% register_everywhere/1
%%
%% Register a term and ensure it's not registered elsewhere. Note that
%% two process that simultaneously register the same term may well
%% both fail to do so this isn't foolproof.
register_everywhere(T) ->
diameter_reg:add_new(T)
andalso unregistered(T).
unregistered(T) ->
{ResL, _} = rpc:multicall(?MODULE, match, [{node(), T}]),
lists:all(fun(L) -> [] == L end, ResL).
match({Node, _})
when Node == node() ->
[];
match({_, T}) ->
try
diameter_reg:match(T)
catch
_:_ -> []
end.
