<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE erlref SYSTEM "erlref.dtd">
<erlref>
<header>
<copyright>
<year>2006</year><year>2013</year>
<holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
</legalnotice>
<title>tftp</title>
<prepared></prepared>
<docno></docno>
<date></date>
<rev></rev>
</header>
<module>tftp</module>
<modulesummary>Trivial FTP.</modulesummary>
<description>
<p>This is a complete implementation of the following IETF standards:</p>
<list type="bulleted">
<item>RFC 1350, The TFTP Protocol (revision 2)</item>
<item>RFC 2347, TFTP Option Extension</item>
<item>RFC 2348, TFTP Blocksize Option</item>
<item>RFC 2349, TFTP Timeout Interval and Transfer Size Options</item>
</list>
<p>The only feature that not is implemented is
the "netascii" transfer mode.</p>
<p>The <seealso marker="#start/1">start/1</seealso> function starts
a daemon process listening for UDP packets on a port. When it
receives a request for read or write, it spawns a temporary server
process handling the transfer.</p>
<p>On the client side,
function <seealso marker="#read_file/3">read_file/3</seealso>
and <seealso marker="#write_file/3">write_file/3</seealso>
spawn a temporary client process establishing
contact with a TFTP daemon and perform the file transfer.</p>
<p><c>tftp</c> uses a callback module to handle the file
transfer. Two such callback modules are provided,
<c>tftp_binary</c> and <c>tftp_file</c>. See
<seealso marker="#read_file/3">read_file/3</seealso> and
<seealso marker="#write_file/3">write_file/3</seealso> for details.
You can also implement your own callback modules, see
<seealso marker="#tftp_callback">CALLBACK FUNCTIONS</seealso>.
A callback module provided by
the user is registered using option <c>callback</c>, see
<seealso marker="#options">DATA TYPES</seealso>.</p>
</description>
<section>
<title>TFTP SERVER SERVICE START/STOP</title>
<p>A TFTP server can be configured to start statically when starting
the <c>Inets</c> application. Alternatively, it can be started dynamically
(when <c>Inets</c> is already started) by calling the <c>Inets</c> application
API <c>inets:start(tftpd, ServiceConfig)</c> or
<c>inets:start(tftpd, ServiceConfig, How)</c>,
see <seealso marker="inets">inets(3)</seealso> for details.
The <c>ServiceConfig</c> for TFTP is described in
the <seealso marker="#options">DATA TYPES</seealso>
section.</p>
<p>The TFTP server can be stopped using <c>inets:stop(tftpd, Pid)</c>,
see <seealso marker="inets">inets(3)</seealso> for details.</p>
<p>The TPFT client is of such a temporary nature that it is not
handled as a service in the <c>Inets</c> service framework.</p>
</section>
<section>
<marker id="options"></marker>
<title>DATA TYPES</title>
<p><c>ServiceConfig = Options</c></p>
<p><c>Options = [option()]</c></p>
<p>Most of the options are common for both the client and the server
side, but some of them differs a little.
The available <c>option()</c>s are as follows:</p>
<taglist>
<tag><c>{debug, Level}</c></tag>
<item>
<p><c>Level = none | error | warning | brief | normal | verbose | all</c></p>
<p>Controls the level of debug printouts.
Default is <c>none</c>.</p>
</item>
<tag><c>{host, Host}</c></tag>
<item>
<p><c>Host = hostname()</c>, see
<seealso marker="kernel:inet">inet(3)</seealso>.</p>
<p>The name or IP address of the host where the TFTP daemon
resides. This option is only used by the client.</p>
</item>
<tag><c>{port, Port}</c></tag>
<item>
<p><c>Port = int()</c></p>
<p>The TFTP port where the daemon listens. Defaults is
the standardized number 69. On the server side, it can
sometimes make sense to set it to 0, meaning that
the daemon just picks a free port (which one is
returned by function <c>info/1</c>).</p>
<p>If a socket is connected already, option
<c>{udp, [{fd, integer()}]}</c> can be used to pass the
open file descriptor to <c>gen_udp</c>. This can be automated
by using a command-line argument stating the
prebound file descriptor number. For example, if the
port is 69 and file descriptor 22 is opened by
<c>setuid_socket_wrap</c>, the command-line argument
"-tftpd_69 22" triggers the prebound file
descriptor 22 to be used instead of opening port 69.
The UDP option <c>{udp, [{fd, 22}]}</c> is automatically added.
See <c>init:get_argument/</c> about command-line arguments and
<c>gen_udp:open/2</c> about UDP options.</p>
</item>
<tag><c>{port_policy, Policy}</c></tag>
<item>
<p><c>Policy = random | Port | {range, MinPort, MaxPort}</c></p>
<p><c>Port = MinPort = MaxPort = int()</c></p>
<p>Policy for the selection of the temporary port that is used
by the server/client during the file transfer. Default is
<c>random</c>, which is the standardized policy. With this
policy a randomized free port is used. A single port or a range
of ports can be useful if the protocol passes through a
firewall.</p>
</item>
<tag><c>{udp, Options}</c></tag>
<item>
<p><c>Options = [Opt]</c>, see
<seealso marker="kernel:gen_udp#open/1">gen_udp:open/2</seealso>.</p>
</item>
<tag><c>{use_tsize, Bool}</c></tag>
<item>
<p><c>Bool = bool()</c></p>
<p>Flag for automated use of option <c>tsize</c>. With
this set to <c>true</c>, the <c>write_file/3</c> client
determines the filesize and sends it to the server as
the standardized <c>tsize</c> option. A <c>read_file/3</c>
client acquires only a filesize from the server by sending
a zero <c>tsize</c>.</p>
</item>
<tag><c>{max_tsize, MaxTsize}</c></tag>
<item>
<p><c>MaxTsize = int() | infinity</c></p>
<p>Threshold for the maximal filesize in bytes. The transfer
is aborted if the limit is exceeded.
Default is <c>infinity</c>.</p>
</item>
<tag><c>{max_conn, MaxConn}</c></tag>
<item>
<p><c>MaxConn = int() | infinity</c></p>
<p>Threshold for the maximal number of active connections.
The daemon rejects the setup of new connections if
the limit is exceeded. Default is <c>infinity</c>.</p>
</item>
<tag><c>{TftpKey, TftpVal}</c></tag>
<item>
<p><c>TftpKey = string()</c> <br></br>
<c>TftpVal = string()</c></p>
<p>Name and value of a TFTP option.</p>
</item>
<tag><c>{reject, Feature}</c></tag>
<item>
<p><c>Feature = Mode | TftpKey</c> <br></br>
<c> Mode = read | write</c> <br></br>
<c> TftpKey = string()</c></p>
<p>Controls which features to reject. This is
mostly useful for the server as it can restrict the use
of certain TFTP options or read/write access.</p>
</item>
<tag><c>{callback, {RegExp, Module, State}}</c></tag>
<item>
<p><c>RegExp = string()</c> <br></br>
<c>Module = atom()</c> <br></br>
<c>State = term()</c></p>
<p>Registration of a callback module. When a file is to be
transferred, its local filename is matched to the regular
expressions of the registered callbacks. The first matching
callback is used during the transfer. See
<seealso marker="#read_file/3">read_file/3</seealso> and
<seealso marker="#write_file/3">write_file/3</seealso>.
</p>
<p>The callback module must implement the <c>tftp</c> behavior, see
<seealso marker="#tftp_callback">CALLBACK FUNCTIONS</seealso>.</p>
</item>
<tag><c>{logger, Module}</c></tag>
<item>
<p><c>Module = module()()</c></p>
<p>Callback module for customized logging of errors, warnings, and
info messages. The callback module must implement the
<c>tftp_logger</c> behavior, see
<seealso marker="#tftp_logger">LOGGER FUNCTIONS</seealso>.
The default module is <c>tftp_logger</c>.</p>
</item>
<tag><c>{max_retries, MaxRetries}</c></tag>
<item>
<p><c>MaxRetries = int()</c></p>
<p>Threshold for the maximal number of retries. By default
the server/client tries to resend a message up to
five times when the time-out expires.</p>
</item>
</taglist>
<marker id="start1"></marker>
</section>
<funcs>
<marker id="change_config_daemons"></marker>
<func>
<name>change_config(daemons, Options) -> [{Pid, Result}]</name>
<fsummary>Changes configuration for all daemons.
</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Options = [option()]</v>
<v>Pid = pid()</v>
<v>Result = ok | {error, Reason}</v>
<v>Reason = term()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Changes configuration for all TFTP daemon processes. </p>
<marker id="change_config_servers"></marker>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
<name>change_config(servers, Options) -> [{Pid, Result}]</name>
<fsummary>Changes configuration for all servers.
</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Options = [option()]</v>
<v>Pid = pid()</v>
<v>Result = ok | {error, Reason}</v>
<v>Reason = term()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Changes configuration for all TFTP server processes.</p>
<marker id="change_config_pid"></marker>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
<name>change_config(Pid, Options) -> Result</name>
<fsummary>Changes configuration for a TFTP daemon, server,
or client process.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Pid = pid()</v>
<v>Options = [option()]</v>
<v>Result = ok | {error, Reason}</v>
<v>Reason = term()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Changes configuration for a TFTP daemon, server, or client process.</p>
<marker id="info_daemons"></marker>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
<name>info(daemons) -> [{Pid, Options}]</name>
<fsummary>Returns information about all daemons.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Pid = [pid()()]</v>
<v>Options = [option()]</v>
<v>Reason = term()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Returns information about all TFTP daemon processes.</p>
<marker id="info_servers"></marker>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
<name>info(servers) -> [{Pid, Options}]</name>
<fsummary>Returns information about all servers.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Pid = [pid()()]</v>
<v>Options = [option()]</v>
<v>Reason = term()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Returns information about all TFTP server processes. </p>
<marker id="info_pid"></marker>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
<name>info(Pid) -> {ok, Options} | {error, Reason}</name>
<fsummary>Returns information about a daemon, server, or client process.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Options = [option()]</v>
<v>Reason = term()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Returns information about a TFTP daemon, server, or client process.</p>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
<name>read_file(RemoteFilename, LocalFilename, Options) -> {ok, LastCallbackState} | {error, Reason}</name>
<fsummary>Reads a (virtual) file from a TFTP server.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>RemoteFilename = string()</v>
<v>LocalFilename = binary | string()</v>
<v>Options = [option()]</v>
<v>LastCallbackState = term()</v>
<v>Reason = term()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Reads a (virtual) file <c>RemoteFilename</c> from a TFTP
server.</p>
<p>If <c>LocalFilename</c> is the atom <c>binary</c>,
<c>tftp_binary</c> is used as callback module. It concatenates
all transferred blocks and returns them as one single binary
in <c>LastCallbackState</c>.</p>
<p>If <c>LocalFilename</c> is a string and there are no
registered callback modules, <c>tftp_file</c> is used as
callback module. It writes each transferred block to the file
named <c>LocalFilename</c> and returns the number of
transferred bytes in <c>LastCallbackState</c>.</p>
<p>If <c>LocalFilename</c> is a string and there are registered
callback modules, <c>LocalFilename</c> is tested against
the regexps of these and the callback module corresponding to
the first match is used, or an error tuple is returned if no
matching regexp is found.</p>
</desc>
<marker id="write_file"></marker>
</func>
<func>
<name>start(Options) -> {ok, Pid} | {error, Reason}</name>
<fsummary>Starts a daemon process.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Options = [option()]</v>
<v>Pid = pid()</v>
<v>Reason = term()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Starts a daemon process listening for UDP packets on a
port. When it receives a request for read or write, it spawns
a temporary server process handling the actual transfer
of the (virtual) file.</p>
<marker id="read_file"></marker>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
<name>write_file(RemoteFilename, LocalFilename, Options) -> {ok, LastCallbackState} | {error, Reason}</name>
<fsummary>Writes a (virtual) file to a TFTP server.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>RemoteFilename = string()</v>
<v>LocalFilename = binary() | string()</v>
<v>Options = [option()]</v>
<v>LastCallbackState = term()</v>
<v>Reason = term()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Writes a (virtual) file <c>RemoteFilename</c> to a TFTP
server.</p>
<p>If <c>LocalFilename</c> is a binary, <c>tftp_binary</c> is
used as callback module. The binary is transferred block by
block and the number of transferred bytes is returned in
<c>LastCallbackState</c>.</p>
<p>If <c>LocalFilename</c> is a string and there are no
registered callback modules, <c>tftp_file</c> is used as
callback module. It reads the file named <c>LocalFilename</c>
block by block and returns the number of transferred bytes
in <c>LastCallbackState</c>.</p>
<p>If <c>LocalFilename</c> is a string and there are registered
callback modules, <c>LocalFilename</c> is tested against
the regexps of these and the callback module corresponding to
the first match is used, or an error tuple is returned if no
matching regexp is found.</p>
</desc>
</func>
</funcs>
<section>
<marker id="tftp_callback"></marker>
<title>CALLBACK FUNCTIONS</title>
<p>A <c>tftp</c> callback module is to be implemented as a
<c>tftp</c> behavior and export the functions listed
in the following.</p>
<p>On the server side, the callback interaction starts with a call to
<c>open/5</c> with the registered initial callback state.
<c>open/5</c> is expected to open the (virtual) file. Then either
function <c>read/1</c> or <c>write/2</c> is invoked
repeatedly, once per transferred block. At each function call,
the state returned from the previous call is obtained. When
the last block is encountered, function <c>read/1</c> or
<c>write/2</c> is expected to close the (virtual) file
and return its last state. Function <c>abort/3</c> is only
used in error situations. Function <c>prepare/5</c> is not used on
the server side.</p>
<p>On the client side, the callback interaction is the same, but it
starts and ends a bit differently. It starts with a call to
<c>prepare/5</c> with the same arguments as <c>open/5</c> takes.
<c>prepare/5</c> is expected to validate the TFTP options
suggested by the user and to return the subset of them that it
accepts. Then the options are sent to the server, which performs
the same TFTP option negotiation procedure. The options that are
accepted by the server are forwarded to function <c>open/5</c>
on the client side. On the client side, function <c>open/5</c>
must accept all option as-is or reject the transfer. Then
the callback interaction follows the same pattern as described
for the server side. When the last block is encountered in
<c>read/1</c> or <c>write/2</c>, the returned state is forwarded to
the user and returned from <c>read_file</c>/3 or
<c>write_file/3</c>.</p>
<p> If a callback (performing the file access
in the TFTP server) takes too long time (more than
the double TFTP time-out), the server aborts the
connection and sends an error reply to the client.
This implies that the server releases resources
attached to the connection faster than before. The
server simply assumes that the client has given
up.</p>
<p>If the TFTP server receives yet another request from
the same client (same host and port) while it
already has an active connection to the client, it
ignores the new request if the request is
equal to the first one (same filename and options).
This implies that the (new) client will be served
by the already ongoing connection on the server
side. By not setting up yet another connection, in
parallel with the ongoing one, the server
consumes less resources.</p>
<marker id="prepare"></marker>
</section>
<funcs>
<func>
<name>Module:abort(Code, Text, State) -> ok</name>
<fsummary>Aborts the file transfer.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Code = undef | enoent | eacces | enospc</v>
<v> | badop | eexist | baduser | badopt</v>
<v> | int()</v>
<v>Text = string()</v>
<v>State = term()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Invoked when the file transfer is aborted.</p>
<p>The callback function is expected to clean
up its used resources after the aborted file
transfer, such as closing open file
descriptors and so on. The function is not
invoked if any of the other callback
functions returns an error, as it is
expected that they already have cleaned up
the necessary resources. However, it is
invoked if the functions fail (crash).</p>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
<name>Module:open(Peer, Access, Filename, Mode, SuggestedOptions, State) -> {ok, AcceptedOptions, NewState} | {error, {Code, Text}}</name>
<fsummary>Opens a file for read or write access.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Peer = {PeerType, PeerHost, PeerPort}</v>
<v>PeerType = inet | inet6</v>
<v>PeerHost = ip_address()</v>
<v>PeerPort = integer()</v>
<v>Access = read | write</v>
<v>Filename = string()</v>
<v>Mode = string()</v>
<v>SuggestedOptions = AcceptedOptions = [{Key, Value}]</v>
<v> Key = Value = string()</v>
<v>State = InitialState | term()</v>
<v> InitialState = [] | [{root_dir, string()}]</v>
<v>NewState = term()</v>
<v>Code = undef | enoent | eacces | enospc</v>
<v> | badop | eexist | baduser | badopt</v>
<v> | int()</v>
<v>Text = string()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Opens a file for read or write access.</p>
<p>On the client side, where the <c>open/5</c> call has been
preceded by a call to <c>prepare/5</c>, all options must be
accepted or rejected.</p>
<p>On the server side, where there is no preceding
<c>prepare/5</c> call, no new options can be added, but
those present in <c>SuggestedOptions</c> can be
omitted or replaced with new values in <c>AcceptedOptions</c>.</p>
<marker id="read"></marker>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
<name>Module:prepare(Peer, Access, Filename, Mode, SuggestedOptions, InitialState) -> {ok, AcceptedOptions, NewState} | {error, {Code, Text}}</name>
<fsummary>Prepares to open a file on the client side.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Peer = {PeerType, PeerHost, PeerPort}</v>
<v>PeerType = inet | inet6</v>
<v>PeerHost = ip_address()</v>
<v>PeerPort = integer()</v>
<v>Access = read | write</v>
<v>Filename = string()</v>
<v>Mode = string()</v>
<v>SuggestedOptions = AcceptedOptions = [{Key, Value}]</v>
<v> Key = Value = string()</v>
<v>InitialState = [] | [{root_dir, string()}]</v>
<v>NewState = term()</v>
<v>Code = undef | enoent | eacces | enospc</v>
<v> | badop | eexist | baduser | badopt</v>
<v> | int()</v>
<v>Text = string()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Prepares to open a file on the client side.</p>
<p>No new options can be added, but those present in
<c>SuggestedOptions</c> can be omitted or replaced with new
values in <c>AcceptedOptions</c>.</p>
<p>This is followed by a call to <c>open/4</c> before any
read/write access is performed. <c>AcceptedOptions</c> is
sent to the server, which replies with the options that it
accepts. These are then forwarded to <c>open/4</c> as
<c>SuggestedOptions</c>.</p>
<marker id="open"></marker>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
<name>Module:read(State) -> {more, Bin, NewState} | {last, Bin, FileSize} | {error, {Code, Text}}</name>
<fsummary>Reads a chunk from the file.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>State = NewState = term()</v>
<v>Bin = binary()</v>
<v>FileSize = int()</v>
<v>Code = undef | enoent | eacces | enospc</v>
<v> | badop | eexist | baduser | badopt</v>
<v> | int()</v>
<v>Text = string()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Reads a chunk from the file.</p>
<p>The callback function is expected to close
the file when the last file chunk is
encountered. When an error is encountered,
the callback function is expected to clean
up after the aborted file transfer, such as
closing open file descriptors, and so on. In both
cases there will be no more calls to any of
the callback functions.</p>
<marker id="write"></marker>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
<name>Module:write(Bin, State) -> {more, NewState} | {last, FileSize} | {error, {Code, Text}}</name>
<fsummary>Writes a chunk to the file.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Bin = binary()</v>
<v>State = NewState = term()</v>
<v>FileSize = int()</v>
<v>Code = undef | enoent | eacces | enospc</v>
<v> | badop | eexist | baduser | badopt</v>
<v> | int()</v>
<v>Text = string()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Writes a chunk to the file.</p>
<p>The callback function is expected to close
the file when the last file chunk is
encountered. When an error is encountered,
the callback function is expected to clean
up after the aborted file transfer, such as
closing open file descriptors, and so on. In both
cases there will be no more calls to any of
the callback functions.</p>
<marker id="abort"></marker>
</desc>
</func>
</funcs>
<section>
<marker id="tftp_logger"></marker>
<title>LOGGER FUNCTIONS</title>
<p>A <c>tftp_logger</c> callback module is to be implemented as a
<c>tftp_logger</c> behavior and export the following functions:</p>
<marker id="error_msg"></marker>
</section>
<funcs>
<func>
<name>Logger:error_msg(Format, Data) -> ok | exit(Reason)</name>
<fsummary>Logs an error message.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Format = string()</v>
<v>Data = [term()]</v>
<v>Reason = term()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Logs an error message.
See <c>error_logger:error_msg/2</c> for details.</p>
<marker id="warning_msg"></marker>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
<name>Logger:info_msg(Format, Data) -> ok | exit(Reason)</name>
<fsummary>Logs an info message.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Format = string()</v>
<v>Data = [term()]</v>
<v>Reason = term()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Logs an info message.
See <c>error_logger:info_msg/2</c> for details.</p>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
<name>Logger:warning_msg(Format, Data) -> ok | exit(Reason)</name>
<fsummary>Logs a warning message.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Format = string()</v>
<v>Data = [term()]</v>
<v>Reason = term()</v>
</type>
<desc>
<p>Logs a warning message.
See <c>error_logger:warning_msg/2</c> for details.</p>
<marker id="info_msg"></marker>
</desc>
</func>
</funcs>
</erlref>