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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd">

<chapter>
  <header>
    <copyright>
      <year>2001</year><year>2013</year>
      <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
    </copyright>
    <legalnotice>
      The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
      Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
      compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
      Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
      retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
    
      Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
      basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
      the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
      under the License.
    
    </legalnotice>

    <title>CORBA System and User Defined Exceptions</title>
    <prepared></prepared>
    <docno></docno>
    <date>2000-12-19</date>
    <rev></rev>
    <file>ch_exceptions.xml</file>
  </header>

  <section>
    <title>System Exceptions</title>
    <p><c>Orber</c>, or any other <c>ORB</c>, may raise a <c>System Exceptions</c>.
      These exceptions contain status- and minor-fields and may not appear in the
      operations raises exception IDL-definition.</p>

    <section>
      <title>Status Field</title>
      <p>The status field indicates if the request was completed or not and will be
        assigned one of the following Erlang atoms:</p>
      <table>
        <row>
          <cell align="center" valign="middle"><em>Status</em></cell>
          <cell align="center" valign="middle"><em>Description</em></cell>
        </row>
        <row>
          <cell align="left" valign="middle">'COMPLETED_YES'</cell>
          <cell align="left" valign="middle">The operation was invoked on the target object but an error occurred after the object replied. This occur, for example, if a server replies but Orber is not able to marshal and send the reply to the  client ORB.</cell>
        </row>
        <row>
          <cell align="left" valign="middle">'COMPLETED_NO'</cell>
          <cell align="left" valign="middle">Orber failed to invoke the operation on the target object. This occur, for example, if the object no longer exists.</cell>
        </row>
        <row>
          <cell align="left" valign="middle">'COMPLETED_MAYBE'</cell>
          <cell align="left" valign="middle">Orber invoked the operation on the target object but an error occurred and it is impossible to decide if the request really reached the object or not.</cell>
        </row>
        <tcaption>System Exceptions Status</tcaption>
      </table>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Minor Field</title>
      <p>The minor field contains an integer (VMCID), which is related to a more
        specific reason why an invocation failed. The function 
        <c>orber:exception_info/1</c> can be used to map the minor code to a string. 
        Note, for VMCID:s not assigned by the OMG or Orber, the documentation
        for that particular ORB must be consulted.</p>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Supported System Exceptions</title>
      <p>The OMG CORBA specification defines the following exceptions:</p>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item><em>'BAD_CONTEXT'</em> - if a request does not contain a correct
         context this exception is raised.</item>
        <item><em>'BAD_INV_ORDER'</em> - this exception indicates that operations
         has been invoked operations in the wrong order, which would cause,
         for example, a dead-lock.</item>
        <item><em>'BAD_OPERATION'</em> - raised if the target object exists, but
         that the invoked operation is not supported.</item>
        <item><em>'BAD_PARAM'</em> - is thrown if, for example, a parameter is out
         of range or otherwise considered illegal.</item>
        <item><em>'BAD_TYPECODE'</em> - if illegal type code is passed, for example,
         encapsulated in an any data type the <c>'BAD_TYPECODE'</c> exception
         will be raised.</item>
        <item><em>'BAD_QOS'</em> - raised whenever an object cannot support the 
         required quality of service.</item>
        <item><em>'CODESET_INCOMPATIBLE'</em> - raised if two ORB's cannot 
         communicate due to different representation of, for example, 
        <c>char</c> and/or <c>wchar</c>.</item>
        <item><em>'COMM_FAILURE'</em> - raised if an ORB is unable to setup 
         communication or it is lost while an operation is in progress.</item>
        <item><em>'DATA_CONVERSION'</em> - raised if an ORB cannot convert data 
         received to the native representation. See also the 
        <c>'CODESET_INCOMPATIBLE'</c> exception.</item>
        <item><em>'FREE_MEM'</em> - the ORB failed to free dynamic memory and 
         failed.</item>
        <item><em>'IMP_LIMIT'</em> - an implementation limit was exceeded in the
         ORB at run time. A object factory may, for example, limit the
         number of object clients are allowed to create.</item>
        <item><em>'INTERNAL'</em> - an internal failure occurred in an ORB, which
         is unrecognized. You may consider contacting the ORB providers 
         support.</item>
        <item><em>'INTF_REPOS'</em> - the ORB was not able to reach the interface
         repository, or some other failure relating to the interface 
         repository is detected.</item>
        <item><em>'INITIALIZE'</em> - the ORB initialization failed due to, for
         example, network or configuration error.</item>
        <item><em>'INVALID_TRANSACTION'</em> - is raised if the request carried an
         invalid transaction context.</item>
        <item><em>'INV_FLAG'</em> - an invalid flag was passed to an operation, 
         which caused, for example, a connection to be closed.</item>
        <item><em>'INV_IDENT'</em> - this exception indicates that an IDL 
         identifier is incorrect.</item>
        <item><em>'INV_OBJREF'</em> - this exception is raised if an object 
         reference is malformed or a nil reference (see 
         also corba:create_nil_objref/0).</item>
        <item><em>'INV_POLICY'</em> - the invocation cannot be made due to an
         incompatibility between policy overrides that apply to the
         particular invocation.</item>
        <item><em>'MARSHAL'</em> - this exception may be raised by the client- or
         server-side when either ORB is unable to marshal/unmarshal requests or
         replies.</item>
        <item><em>'NO_IMPLEMENT'</em> - if the operation exists but no implementation
         exists, this exception is raised.</item>
        <item><em>'NO_MEMORY'</em> - the ORB has run out of memory.</item>
        <item><em>'NO_PERMISSION'</em> - the caller has insufficient privileges, 
         such as, for example, bad <c>SSL</c> certificate.</item>
        <item><em>'NO_RESOURCES'</em> - a general platform resource limit 
         exceeded.</item>
        <item><em>'NO_RESPONSE'</em> - no response available of a deferred
         synchronous request.</item>
        <item><em>'OBJ_ADAPTER'</em> - indicates administrative mismatch; the object
         adapter is not able to associate an object with the implementation
         repository.</item>
        <item><em>'OBJECT_NOT_EXIST'</em> - the object have been disposed or 
         terminated; clients should remove all copies of the object reference
         and initiate desired recovery process.</item>
        <item><em>'PERSIST_STORE'</em> - the ORB was not able to establish a
         connection to its persistent storage or data contained in the
         the storage is corrupted.</item>
        <item><em>'REBIND'</em> - a request resulted in, for example, a 
        <c>'LOCATION_FORWARD'</c> message; if the policies are incompatible 
         this exception is raised.</item>
        <item><em>'TIMEOUT'</em> - raised if a request fail to complete within the 
         given time-limit.</item>
        <item><em>'TRANSACTION_MODE'</em> - a transaction policy mismatch detected.</item>
        <item><em>'TRANSACTION_REQUIRED'</em> - a transaction is required for the
         invoked operation but the request contained no transaction context.</item>
        <item><em>'TRANSACTION_ROLLEDBACK'</em> - the transaction associated with
         the request has already been rolled back or will be.</item>
        <item><em>'TRANSACTION_UNAVAILABLE'</em> - no transaction context can be
         supplied since the ORB is unable to contact the Transaction
         Service.</item>
        <item><em>'TRANSIENT'</em> - the ORB could not determine the current status
         of an object since it could not be reached. The error may be
         temporary.</item>
        <item><em>'UNKNOWN'</em> - is thrown if an implementation throws a 
         non-CORBA, or unrecognized, exception.</item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>User Defined Exceptions</title>
    <p>User exceptions is defined in IDL-files and is listed in operations raises
      exception listing. For example, if we have the following IDL code:</p>
    <code type="none">
module MyModule {

  exception MyException {};
  exception MyExceptionMsg { string ExtraInfo; };

  interface MyInterface {

    void foo() 
      raises(MyException);

    void bar() 
      raises(MyException, MyExceptionMsg);

    void baz();
  };
};    
    </code>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Throwing Exceptions</title>
    <p>To be able to raise <c>MyException</c> or <c>MyExceptionMsg</c> exceptions, 
      the generated <c>MyModule.hrl</c> must be included, and typical usage is:</p>
    <code type="none">
-module('MyModule_MyInterface_impl').
-include("MyModule.hrl").

bar(State) ->
    case TestingSomething of
        ok ->
           {reply, ok, State};
        {error, Reason} when list(Reason) ->
           corba:raise(#'MyModule_MyExceptionMsg'{'ExtraInfo' = Reason});
        error ->
           corba:raise(#'MyModule_MyException'{})
    end.
    </code>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Catching Exceptions</title>
    <p>Depending on which operation we invoke we must be able to handle:</p>
    <list type="bulleted">
      <item>foo - <c>MyException</c> or a system exception.</item>
      <item>bar - <c>MyException</c>, <c>MyExceptionMsg</c> or a system
       exception.</item>
      <item>baz - a system exception.</item>
    </list>
    <p>Catching and matching exceptions can bee done in different ways:</p>
    <code type="none">
    case catch 'MyModule_MyInterface':bar(MIReference) of
        ok ->
           %% The operation raised no exception.
           ok;
        {'EXCEPTION', #'MyModule_MyExceptionMsg'{'ExtraInfo' = Reason}} ->
           %% If we want to log the Reason we must extract 'ExtraInfo'.
           error_logger:error_msg("Operation 'bar' raised: ~p~n", [Reason]),
           ... do something ...;
        {'EXCEPTION', E} when record(E, 'OBJECT_NOT_EXIST') ->
           ... do something ...;
        {'EXCEPTION', E} ->
           ... do something ...
    end.
    </code>
  </section>
</chapter>