<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd">
<chapter>
<header>
<copyright>
<year>2004</year><year>2016</year>
<holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
</legalnotice>
<title>SSH Release Notes</title>
<prepared></prepared>
<docno></docno>
<date></date>
<rev>%VSN%</rev>
<file>notes.xml</file>
</header>
<section><title>Ssh 4.4.2.4</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Fix rare spurios shutdowns of ssh servers when receiveing
<c>{'EXIT',_,normal}</c> messages.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-15018</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Host key hash erroneously calculated for clients
following draft-00 of RFC 4419, for example PuTTY</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-15064</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Renegotiation could fail in some states</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-15066</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.4.2.3</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
An ssh_sftp server (running version 6) could fail if it
is told to remove a file which in fact is a directory.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-15004</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.4.2.2</title>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Default exec is disabled when a user-defined shell is
enabled.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-14881</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.4.2.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Trailing white space was removed at end of the
hello-string. This caused interoperability problems with
some other ssh-implementations (e.g OpenSSH 7.3p1 on
Solaris 11)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-14763 Aux Id: ERIERL-74 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.4.2</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
ssh:daemon_info/1 crashed if the listening IP was not
'any'</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-14298 Aux Id: seq13294 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.4.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Fix bug when opening connections. If the tcp setup
failed, that would in some cases not result in an error
return value.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-14108</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Reduce information leakage in case of decryption errors.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-14109</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The key exchange algorithm
diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha* has a server-option
<c>{dh_gex_limits,{Min,Max}}</c>. There was a hostkey
signature validation error on the client side if the
option was used and the <c>Min</c> or the <c>Max</c>
differed from the corresponding values obtained from the
client.</p>
<p>
This bug is now corrected.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-14166</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The sftpd server now correctly uses <c>root_dir</c> and
<c>cwd</c> when resolving file paths if both are
provided. The <c>cwd</c> handling is also corrected.</p>
<p>
Thanks to kape1395!</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-14225 Aux Id: PR-1331, PR-1335 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Ssh_cli used a function that does not handle non-utf8
unicode correctly.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-14230 Aux Id: ERL-364 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
The implementation of the key exchange algorithms
diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha* are optimized, up to a
factor of 11 for the slowest ( = biggest and safest)
group size.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-14169 Aux Id: seq-13261 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The ssh host key fingerprint generation now also takes a
list of algorithms and returns a list of corresponding
fingerprints. See
<c>public_key:ssh_hostkey_fingerprint/2</c> and the
option <c>silently_accept_hosts</c> in
<c>ssh:connect</c>.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-14223</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.4</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
A file read with an sftp client could loose data if the
packet_size is set to larger than 64k. This is corrected
now in such a way that the packet_size is silently
lowered if there is a risk for data loss.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13857 Aux Id: ERL-238, OTP-13858 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
When user defined SSH shell REPL process exits with
reason normal, the SSH channel callback module should
report successful exit status to the SSH client. This
provides simple way for SSH clients to check for
successful completion of executed commands. (Thanks to
isvilen)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13905 Aux Id: PR-1173 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Extended the option <c>silently_accept_hosts</c> for
<c>ssh:connect</c> to make it possible for the client to
check the SSH host key fingerprint string. Se the
reference manual for SSH.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13887 Aux Id: OTP-13888 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.3.6</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Re-negotiation problems with OpenSSH client solved.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13972</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.3.5</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
If a client illegaly sends an info-line and then
immediatly closes the TCP-connection, a badmatch
exception was raised.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13966</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.3.4</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Intermittent ssh ERROR REPORT mentioning
nonblocking_sender</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13953 Aux Id: seq13199 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.3.3</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Handle all possible exit values that should be
interpreted as {error, closed}. Failing to do so could
lead to unexpected crashes for users of the ssh
application.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13932 Aux Id: seq13189 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.3.2</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Upgrade of an established client connection could crash
because the ssh client supervisors children had wrong
type. This is fixed now.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13782 Aux Id: seq13158 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Partly checks the public key early in public key
authorization</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13847 Aux Id:
defensics-ssh3.1.0-190243,205277,219318 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Corrected handling of SHA for ECDSA (Elliptic curve
public keys)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13850 Aux Id: defensics-ssh3.1.0-214168 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Problems found by test suites as well as by
Codenomicon/Defensics fixed: - reduce max random padding
to 15 bytes (Codenomicon/Defensics) - inclomplete pdu
handling (Codenomicon/Defensics) - badmatch in test suite
- non-blocking send fixes deadlock in
ssh_connection_SUITE:interrupted_send</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13854</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Caller is now notified when a tcp close is received.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13859 Aux Id: seq13177 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Use application:ensure_all_started/2 instead of
hard-coding deps</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13843 Aux Id: PR-1147 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.3.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
SSH client does not any longer retry a bad password given
as option to ssh:connect et al.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13674 Aux Id: TR-HU92273 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Removed possible hanging risk for a certain timing
sequence when communicating client and server executes on
the same node.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13715</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.3</title>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
A socket created and connected by gen_tcp could now be
used as input to ssh:connect, ssh:shell,
ssh_sftp:start_channel and ssh:daemon.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12860</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Some time optimization mainly in message encoding.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13131</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Optimized the sftp client time by setting new packet and
window sizes.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13175</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The <c>ssh_connection_handler</c> module in SSH is
changed and now uses the new behaviour <c>gen_statem</c>. </p>
<p>
The module can be used as an example of a
<c>gen_statem</c> callback module but with a warning:
This commit of ssh is just a straightforward port from
gen_fsm to gen_statem with some code cleaning. Since the
state machine and the state callbacks are almost
unchanged the ssh module does not demonstrate the full
potential of the new behaviour.</p>
<p>
The "new" state machine uses compound states. The ssh
server and client state machines are quite similar but
differences exist. With <c>gen_fsm</c> there were flags
in the user data which in fact implemented "substates".
Now with <c>gen_statem</c> those are made explicit in the
state names, eg. the state <c>userauth</c> and the binary
<c>role</c>-flag becomes the two state names
<c>{userauth, server}</c> and <c>{userauth, client}</c>.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13267</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The <c>{error, Reason}</c> tuples returned from
<c>ssh_sftp</c> api functions are described.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13347 Aux Id: ERL-86 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Added -spec in ssh</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13479</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
It is now possible to call <c>ssh:daemon/{1,2,3}</c> with
<c>Port=0</c>. This makes the daemon select a free
listening tcp port before opening it. To find this port
number after the call, use the new function
<c>ssh:daemon_info/1</c>. See the reference manual for
details.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13527</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.2.2.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
SSH client does not any longer retry a bad password given
as option to ssh:connect et al.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13674 Aux Id: TR-HU92273 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.2.2</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Documentation correction of <c>ssh_sftp:position/4</c></p>
<p>
Thanks to Rabbe Fogelholm.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13305 Aux Id: ERL-87 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.2.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
The authentication method 'keyboard-interactive' failed
in the Erlang client when the server after successful
authentication continued by asking for zero more
passwords.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13225</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.2</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Better error handling in ssh_file. There was some rare
errors when a NFS-mounted file was opened by ssh_file and
then remotely deleted during reading. That caused an
endless loop. </p>
<p>
That bug is now fixed.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12699 Aux Id: OTP-11688 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fixed a bug in the compression algorithm
[email protected].</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12759</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
It is now possible to start more than one daemon with a
file descriptor given in option fd. Each daemon must of
course have a unique file descriptor.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12966 Aux Id: seq12945 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fixed a bug that caused the option <c>dh_gex_limit</c> to
be ignored.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13029</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
A problem is fixed with the <c>ssh:connect</c> option
<c>pref_public_key_algs</c> specifying user keys.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13158</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Document updates in the ssh reference manual: app doc
file and ssh_connection.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12003</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The authorization phase is made stateful to prevent ssh
acting on messages sent in wrong order.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12787</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Testcases for bad message lengths and for bad subfield
lengths added.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12792 Aux Id: Codenomicon #5214, 6166 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The 'ecdsa-sha2-nistp256', 'ecdsa-sha2-nistp384' and
'ecdsa-sha2-nistp521' signature algorithms for ssh are
implemented. See RFC 5656.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12936</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The crypto algorithms 'aes192-ctr' and 'aes256-ctr' are
implemented. See RFC 4344.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12939</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The ciphers and macs AEAD_AES_128_GCM and
AEAD_AES_256_GCM are implemented but not enabled per
default. See the SSH App Reference Manual and RFC5647 for
details.</p>
<p>
The ciphers [email protected] and
[email protected] are also implemented and available
in the default configuration.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13018</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The ssh:daemon option dh_gex_groups is extended to read a
user provided ssh moduli file with generator-modulus
pairs. The file is in openssh format.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13052 Aux Id: OTP-13054 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
There is now a file (public_key/priv/moduli) which lists
size-generator-modulus triples. The purpose is to give
servers the possibility to select the crypto primes
randomly among a list of pregenerated triples. This
reduces the risk for some attacks on diffie-hellman
negotiation.</p>
<p>
See the reference manual for public_key:dh_gex_group/4
where the handling of this is described.</p>
<p>
The ssh server (ssh:daemon) uses this.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13054 Aux Id: OTP-13052 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The ssh:daemon option pwdfun now also takes a fun/4. This
enables the user to 1) check userid-password in another
way than the builtin algorithm, 2) implement rate
limiting per user or source IP or IP+Port, and 3)
implement blocking of missbehaving peers.</p>
<p>
The old fun/2 still works as previously.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13055 Aux Id: OTP-13053 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
There is now a new option to make the server limit the
size range of moduli available for the diffie-hellman
group exchange negotiation. See option <c>
{dh_gex_limits,{Min,Max}}</c> in ssh:daemon/3.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13066</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Ecdh key exchange now validates compressed and
uncompressed keys as defined in rfc5656</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13067</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Search order for the .ssh directory are changed so
<c>$HOME</c> is tried before
<c>init:get_argument(home)</c>.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13109</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The sftp receive window handling is optimized so it will
not update the remote end too often. This makes "sftp
mget" considerable faster.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13130</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The option <c>key_cb</c> is extended to take an optional
list that is passed to the callback module as an option.
With this it is possible to have different keys depending
on which host that is connected. Another possibility is
to write a callback module that fetches keys etc from a
database.</p>
<p>
Thanks to Vipin Nair.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13156</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.1.3</title>
<section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
SSH_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST_OLD implemented to make PuTTY
work with erl server.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13140</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.1.2</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Add a 1024 group to the list of key group-exchange groups</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13046</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.1.1</title>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
A new option <c>max_channels</c> limits the number of
channels with active server-side subsystems that are
accepted.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13036</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Send an understandable disconnect message when the key
exchange phase can't find a common algorithm. There are
also some test cases added.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11531</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The third parameter in <c>ssh_sftp:write_file</c> is now
accepting iolists again. Unicode handling adjusted.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12853 Aux Id: seq12891 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
First part of ssh test suite re-organization and
extension.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12230</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The key exchange algorithms 'ecdh-sha2-nistp256',
'ecdh-sha2-nistp384' and 'ecdh-sha2-nistp521' are
implemented. See RFC 5656.</p>
<p>
This raises the security level considerably.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12622 Aux Id: OTP-12671, OTP-12672 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The key exchange algorithm 'diffie-hellman-group14-sha1'
is implemented. See RFC 4253.</p>
<p>
This raises the security level.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12671 Aux Id: OTP-12672, OTP-12622 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The key exchange algorithms
'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1' and
'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256' are implemented.
See RFC 4419.</p>
<p>
This raises the security level.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12672 Aux Id: OTP-12671, OTP-12622 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Adding random length extra padding as recommended in RFC
4253 section 6.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12831</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
New test library for low-level protocol testing. There is
also a test suite using it for some preliminary tests.
The intention is to build on that for more testing of
individual ssh messages. See
<c>lib/ssh/test/ssh_trpt_test_lib.erl</c> and
<c>ssh_protocol_SUITE.erl</c> in the same directory.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12858</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Increased default values for
diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha* to Min = 1024, N =
6144, Max = 8192.</p>
<p>
Added 6144 and 8192 bit default gex groups.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12937</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The mac algorithm 'hmac-sha2-512' is implemented. See RFC
6668.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12938</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 4.0</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Ssh crashed if a message was sent on a channel with
packet_size = 0.</p>
<p>
A new option for ssh:daemon is also introduced:
<c>minimal_remote_max_packet_size</c>. This option sets
the least max packet size declaration that the daemon
will accept from a client. The default value is 0 to
maintain compatibility with OpenSSH and the rfc:s.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12645 Aux Id: seq12816 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Included test of the 'e' and 'f' parameters in
diffie-hellman key exchange as specified in rfc 4253
section 8.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12649</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fixes the bug that once the <c>rekey_limit</c> bytes (by
default, 1GB) had been transmitted the connection was
rekeyed every minute, not after the next transferred
'rekey_limit' chunk.</p>
<p>
Thanks to Simon Cornish for the report and the fix!</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12692</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fixes a bug that causes an SFTP connection to always fail
when {timeout, Timeout} option is used with
ssh_sftp:start_channel.</p>
<p>
Thanks to Simon Cornish</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12708</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fix various ssh key exchange problems.</p>
<p>
Thanks to Simon Cornish</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12760 Aux Id: <url
href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/pull/715">pull req
715</url> </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The options <c>system_dir</c> and <c>user_dir</c> assumes
that the value is a path to a directory which is
readable. This is now checked early, so <c>ssh:daemon</c>
and <c>ssh:connect</c> will fail with an error message
immediately.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12788</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
A daemon now checks that a client doesn't try to
authorize with methods not in the option auth_methods.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12790</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Disconnectfun now should trigger on all disconnects.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12811</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Better usage of binary matching in ssh_auth.erl and
ssh_message.erl</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11697</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
A new option 'preferred_algorithms' is available for
<c>ssh:daemon</c> and <c>ssh:connect</c>.</p>
<p>
This option defines the algorithms presented to the peer
in the algorithm negotiation phase of the ssh protocol. </p>
<p>
The default list can be obtained from the new function
<c>ssh:default_algorithms/0</c>.</p>
<p>
*** INCOMPATIBILITY with removed undocumented options
'role' and 'compression' ***</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12029</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The internal group to user_drv protocol has been changed
to be synchronous in order to guarantee that output sent
to a process implementing the user_drv protocol is
printed before replying. This protocol is used by the
standard_output device and the ssh application when
acting as a client. </p>
<p>
This change changes the previous unlimited buffer when
printing to standard_io and other devices that end up in
user_drv to 1KB.</p>
<p>
*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12240</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
If ssh_connection:subsystem/4 fails we do not want to
crash but rather terminate gracefully.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12648 Aux Id: seq12834 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
New option <c>id_string</c> for <c>ssh:daemon</c> and
<c>ssh:connect</c> for limiting banner grabbing attempts.</p>
<p>
The possible values are: <c>{id_string,string()}</c> and
<c>{id_string,random}</c>. The latter will make ssh
generate a random nonsence id-string for each new
connection.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12659</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
To enable the ssh daemon to run in a virtualized
environment, where there can be more that one server that
has the same ip-address and port, we add a new option
profile.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12675</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Upgrade test suite added.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12676</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
A new option for handling the SSH_MSG_DEBUG message's
printouts. A fun could be given in the options that will
be called whenever the SSH_MSG_DEBUG message arrives.
This enables the user to format the printout or just
discard it.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12738 Aux Id: seq12860 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Testcase improvements and corrections:</p>
<p>
* Add testcases for the <c>disconnectfun</c> option on
both server and client sides</p>
<p>
* Timeout testcases adjusted for slow machines where they
sometimes failed</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12786</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The option <c>disconnectfun</c> can now be used both on
the client and server side.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12789</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
A new option unknown_msgfun/2 for ssh:connect and
ssh:daemon for handling unknown messages. With the option
it is possible to intercept before an INFO log message is
generated.</p>
<p>
One usage is to filter out messages that are not wanted
in the error logger as info reports. An example of such a
message is the 'etimedout' tcp error message that will be
received if a connection has keep_alive and the peer is
restarted.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12813 Aux Id: seq12881 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.2.4</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Gracefully terminate if sockets is unexpectedly closed.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12782</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Made Codenomicon Defensics test suite pass:</p> <list>
<item>limit number of algorithms in kexinit
message</item> <item>check 'e' and 'f' parameters in
kexdh</item> <item>implement 'keyboard-interactive' user
authentication on server side</item> <item> return plain
text message to bad version exchange message</item>
</list>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12784</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.2.3</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
A new option for handling the SSH_MSG_DEBUG message's
printouts. A fun could be given in the options that will
be called whenever the SSH_MSG_DEBUG message arrives.
This enables the user to format the printout or just
discard it.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12738 Aux Id: seq12860 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.2.2</title>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
New option <c>id_string</c> for <c>ssh:daemon</c> and
<c>ssh:connect</c> for limiting banner grabbing attempts.</p>
<p>
The possible values are: <c>{id_string,string()}</c> and
<c>{id_string,random}</c>. The latter will make ssh
generate a random nonsence id-string for each new
connection.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12659</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.2.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Ssh crashed if a message was sent on a channel with
packet_size = 0.</p>
<p>
A new option for ssh:daemon is also introduced:
<c>minimal_remote_max_packet_size</c>. This option sets
the least max packet size declaration that the daemon
will accept from a client. The default value is 0 to
maintain compatibility with OpenSSH and the rfc:s.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12645 Aux Id: seq12816 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.2</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
If a channel is closed by the peer while using a function
with call semantics in ssh_connection.erl return {error,
closed}. Document that the functions can return {error,
timeout | closed} and not only ssh_request_status()</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12004</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Bug that causes ssh:connect to return
<c>{error,int()}</c> instead of <c>{error,timeout}</c>
when ssh handshake takes too long time.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12369</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Documentation corrections. (Thanks to Rabbe Fogelholm)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12399</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Example of ssh_connection:exec added.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12558</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Make sure the clean rule for ssh, ssl, eunit and otp_mibs
actually removes generated files.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12200</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Improved Property Tests (Thanks to Thomas, John and
Tobias at QuviQ)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12256</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Correct typo of renegotiate that could cause rekeying to
fail</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12277 Aux Id: seq12736 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The {timeout, Timeout} option passed to
ssh_sftp:start_channel was not applied to the early
phases of the SSH protocol. This patch passes the Timeout
through to ssh:connect. In case the timeout occurs during
these phases, {error, timeout} is returned. (Thanks to
Simon Cornish)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12306</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Added API functions ptty_alloc/3 and ptty_alloc/4, to
allocate a pseudo tty.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11542 Aux Id: seq12493, OTP-11631 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Supports tar file creation on other media than file
systems mounted on the local machine.</p>
<p>
The <c>erl_tar</c> api is extended with
<c>erl_tar:init/3</c> that enables usage of user provided
media storage routines. A ssh-specific set of such
routines is hidden in the new function
<c>ssh_sftp:open_tar/3</c> to simplify creating a tar
archive on a remote ssh server.</p>
<p>
A chunked file reading option is added to
<c>erl_tar:add/3,4</c> to save memory on e.g small
embedded systems. The size of the slices read from a file
in that case can be specified.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12180 Aux Id: seq12715 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Always send SSH_DISCONNECT protocol messages when peer
sends corrupt messages.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12185</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Hooks for funs that can change binaries sent to remote
sites from erl_tar for renote tar file creation are
added. See <c>ssh_sftp:open_tar/3,4</c> for details. The
hooks could also be used to read remote tar files that
need transformation before file extraction.</p>
<p>
Those hooks are intended for encryption and decryption of
tar files. Effort is put into memory, disk and network
resource economy.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12312 Aux Id: OTP-12180 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.0.8</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Fixes of login blocking after port scanning.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12247 Aux Id: seq12726 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.0.7</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Add option sftp_vsn to SFTP</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12227</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Fix option user_interaction to work as expected. When
password authentication is implemented with ssh
keyboard-interactive method and the password is already
supplied, so that we do not need to query user, then
connections should succeed even though user_interaction
option is set to false.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11329 Aux Id: seq12420, seq12335 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.0.6</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Gracefully handle bad data from the client when expecting
ssh version exchange.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12157 Aux Id: seq12706 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
When restarting an ssh daemon, that was stopped with
ssh:stop_listner/ [1,2] new options given shall replace
old ones.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12168 Aux Id: seq12711 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
ssh now has a format_status function to avoid printing
sensitive information in error loggs.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12030</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
The option <c>parallel_login</c> didn't work with the
value <c>true</c>. All logins were serial.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12194</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.0.5</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
When starting an ssh-daemon giving the option
{parallel_login, true}, the timeout for authentication
negotiation ({negotiation_timeout, integer()}) was never
removed.</p>
<p>
This caused the session to always be terminated after the
timeout if parallel_login was set.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12057 Aux Id: seq12663 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Warning: this is experimental and may disappear or change
without previous warning.</p>
<p>
Experimental support for running Quickcheck and PropEr
tests from common_test suites is added to common_test.
See the reference manual for the new module
<c>ct_property_testing</c>.</p>
<p>
Experimental property tests are added under
<c>lib/{inet,ssh}/test/property_test</c>. They can be run
directly or from the commont_test suites
<c>inet/ftp_property_test_SUITE.erl</c> and
<c>ssh/test/ssh_property_test_SUITE.erl</c>.</p>
<p>
See the code in the <c>test</c> directories and the man
page for details.</p>
<p>
(Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz for a patch adding Triq)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12119</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.0.4</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
When starting an ssh-daemon giving the option
{parallel_login, true}, the timeout for authentication
negotiation ({negotiation_timeout, integer()}) was never
removed.</p>
<p>
This caused the session to always be terminated after the
timeout if parallel_login was set.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12057 Aux Id: seq12663 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.0.3</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Removed mail address from error reports and corrected
spelling error (Stacktace -> stacktrace)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11883 Aux Id: seq12586 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Decode/encode fixes in SSH_MSG_IGNORE and
SSH_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11983</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Accepts that some older OpenSSH clients sends incorrect
disconnect messages.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11972</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Handle inet and inet6 option correctly</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11976</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.0.2</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Fixed timeout bug in ssh:connect.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11908</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Option <c>max_sessions</c> added to
<c>ssh:daemon/{2,3}</c>. This option, if set, limits the
number of simultaneous connections accepted by the
daemon.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11885</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.0.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Fixes the problem that ssh_cli in some cases could delay
the prompt if a tty was not requested by the client.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10732</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The variable NewCol is now correctly calculated allowing
for tab-completion of function calls even when preceded
with blank space (Thanks to Alexander Demidenko)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11566</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fix incorrect dialyzer spec and types, also enhance
documentation. </p>
<p>
Thanks to Ayaz Tuncer.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11627</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fixed a bug when ssh:exec executes a linux command on a
linux ssh daemon. If the result is sent back from
standard error, the length information was not stripped
off correctly.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11667</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fixed a bug with the ssh file 'known_hosts' which made
the file grow with many equal entries.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11671</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Some local implementations of removing the last element
from a list are replaced by <c>lists:droplast/1</c>. Note
that this requires at least <c>stdlib-2.0</c>, which is
the stdlib version delivered in OTP 17.0. (Thanks to Hans
Svensson)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11678</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Bug fix for <c>ssh:daemon/2,3</c> so that the failfun is
called when it should.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11680</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fixed bug which crashed ssh when SSH_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP
is received. This could cause a vm-crash for eheap_alloc
during garbage collect.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11696 Aux Id: 12547, 12532 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fixes a bug that breaks keyboard-interactive
authentication. Thanks to Simon Cornish for reporting and
suggesting a fix.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11698</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
dialyzer specs are now correct for <c>ssh:start/0</c>,
<c>ssh:start/1</c>, <c>ssh:stop/0</c> and
<c>ssh_connection_handler:open_channel/5</c>. (Thanks to
Johannes Weißl )</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11705</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Application upgrade (appup) files are corrected for the
following applications: </p>
<p>
<c>asn1, common_test, compiler, crypto, debugger,
dialyzer, edoc, eldap, erl_docgen, et, eunit, gs, hipe,
inets, observer, odbc, os_mon, otp_mibs, parsetools,
percept, public_key, reltool, runtime_tools, ssh,
syntax_tools, test_server, tools, typer, webtool, wx,
xmerl</c></p>
<p>
A new test utility for testing appup files is added to
test_server. This is now used by most applications in
OTP.</p>
<p>
(Thanks to Tobias Schlager)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11744</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fixed dialyzer warning for <c>ssh_connection:send</c>.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11821</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<c>ssh:daemon/2,3</c> : Added options
<c>negotiation_timeout</c> and <c>parallel_login</c> to
tune the authentication behaviour.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11823</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Ssh now fully supports unicode filenames, filecontents,
shell and cli. Please note that the underlying os and
emulator must also give support for unicode. You may want
to start the emulator with "<c>erl +fnu</c>" on Linux.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10953</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 3.0</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
The ssh cli is now faster at close and before new prompt.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11339 Aux Id: seq12423 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Ssh process structure was redesigned to better map to
what is truly parallel this has solved a lot of strange
timing issues that sometimes would occur, for instance a
process leak could happen when a lot of connections where
taken up and down in parallel in a short period of time.
Also backwards compatible clauses to "original" but never
supported features has been removed.</p>
<p>
Impact: Increases flow efficiency</p>
<p>
*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11363</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fix various typos in erts, kernel and ssh. Thanks to
Martin Hässler.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11414</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Correct private_key type documentation in
ssh_server_key_api. Thanks to Tristan Sloughter.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11449</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The functions in ssh_no_io.erl did not mimic the
functions in ssh_io.erl correctly, the arity was
incorrect for some functions which caused ssh to fail in
the wrong way.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11490</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Add option to disallow CLI</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10976</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Add sockname and user to ssh:connection_info/2</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11296</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.1.8</title>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Do not chmod ~/.ssh unnecessarily.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11189</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Make ssh_cli.erl handle CTRL+C. Thanks to Stefan
Zegenhagen.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11199</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Clarified timeout options in documentation.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11249</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Add openssh_zlib compression type to ssh_transport.
Thanks to Louis-Philippe Gauthier.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11256</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.1.7</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
ssh:daemon will get feeded with an argument even if it is
not a valid expression.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10975</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Properly ignore everything in lib/ssh/doc/html/. Thanks
to Anthony Ramine.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10983</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Integrate elliptic curve contribution from Andreas
Schultz </p>
<p>
In order to be able to support elliptic curve cipher
suites in SSL/TLS, additions to handle elliptic curve
infrastructure has been added to public_key and crypto.</p>
<p>
This also has resulted in a rewrite of the crypto API to
gain consistency and remove unnecessary overhead. All OTP
applications using crypto has been updated to use the new
API.</p>
<p>
Impact: Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) offers
equivalent security with smaller key sizes than other
public key algorithms. Smaller key sizes result in
savings for power, memory, bandwidth, and computational
cost that make ECC especially attractive for constrained
environments.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11009</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.1.6</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Fixed timing rekeying bug.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10940</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.1.5</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Bug in rekeying for daemon fixed.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10911</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Enhanced error message and added test for ssh clients
trying to start non existing subsystems.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10714</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.1.4</title>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Better quality on the error messages for when key
exchange failed.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10553 Aux Id: seq12152 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fix link to documentation for ssh:connect/3,4. Thanks to
Martin Hässler.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10862</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.1.3</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
It is now possible to send an empty binary using
ssh_connection:send/3, this corner case previously caused
ssh_connection:send to hang.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9478 Aux Id: kunagi-226 [137] </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fix typo in keyboard-interactive string. Thanks to Daniel
Goertzen</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10456</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
ssh_connectino:send/3 will not return until all data has
been sent. Previously it could return too early,
resulting in things such premature close of the
connection. Also improved error handling of closed SSH
channels.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10467</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>Fixed ssh_cli.erl crashes because #state.buf is yet
'undefined'.</p> <p>Fixed Client terminateing connections
due to channel_request message response is sent to the
wrong id.</p> <p>Affected SSH clients: - all clients
based on SSH-2.0-TrileadSSH2Java_213 (problem #1) - SSH
Term Pro (problem #2)</p> <p>Thanks to Stefan Zegenhagen
</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10475</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fixed various syntax errors in SSH appup file</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10657</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
SSH_FX_FILE_IS_A_DIRECTORY message for sftp implemented</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-6406 Aux Id: kunagi-218 [129] </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
SSH Rekeying fixed</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7785 Aux Id: kunagi-220 [131] </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Added User Guide for the SSH application</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7786 Aux Id: kunagi-221 [132] </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Documentation regarding failfun, connectfun and
disconnectfun provided</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7792 Aux Id: kunagi-222 [133] </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
SSH connection timer implementation</p>
<p>
New option, {idle_time, integer()}, sets a timeout on
connection when no channels are active, defaults to
infinity</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10514 Aux Id: seq12020 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p> Some examples overflowing the width of PDF pages have
been corrected. </p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10665</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fixed internal error on when client and server can not
agree o which authmethod to use.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10731 Aux Id: seq12237 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.1.2.1</title>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Removed error report in ssh_connection_handler triggered
by badmatch failure.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-11188</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.1.2</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
SSH quiet mode</p>
<p>
A new option to ssh:connect/3,4, quiet_mode. If true, the
client will not print out anything on authorization.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10429 Aux Id: kunagi-273 [184] </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Restrict which key algorithms to use</p>
<p>
A new option to ssh:connect/3,4 is introduced,
public_key_algs, where you can restrict which key
algorithms to use and in which order to try them.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10498 Aux Id: kunagi-289 [200] </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Confidentiality of client password</p>
<p>
Unsets clients password after authentication.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10511 Aux Id: kunagi-292 [203] </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fixed user interaction for SSH</p>
<p>
It's now available to accept hosts and input password</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10513 Aux Id: kunagi-293 [204] </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.1.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Ssh now only sends one channel close message under all
circumstances, before it would sometimes incorrectly send
two.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10060</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The options check mistreated the ip_v6_disable-option,
and did not handle some, at the moment, undocumented
options correctly.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10061</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The channel id in a channel failure message, sent to the
peer, is now in all cases the remote channel id</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10062</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Improved handling of multiple closes to avoid occasional
crashes when a channel is closed more than once.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10112</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fix lib/src/test/ssh_basic_SUITE.erl to fix IPv6 option
typos</p>
<p>
Fixed incorrect option "ipv6_disable" to "ipv6_disabled"
as documented in the ssh manual.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10219</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
SSH: Make "auth_methods" server option re-usable</p>
<p>
The 'auth_methods' option is used by the server side of
the SSH code to tell a connecting SSH client about the
authentication methods that are supported by the server.
The code still extracts and handles the 'auth_methods'
option from Opts in appropriate places, but the Opts
checking code in ssh.erl didn't allow that option to be
specified.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10224</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Use the correct channel id when adjusting the channel
window</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10232</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
All keys in authorized_keys are considerd, wrongly only
the first one was before.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7235</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
ssh daemon now properly handles ras host keys, in
previous versions only dsa host keys sufficed to set up a
connection.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7677</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
ssh:shell/3 and ssh:connect/3 does not hang anymore if
connection negotiation fails</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8111</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Improve check so that we will not try to read ssh packet
length indicator if not sure we have enough data.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8380</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Do not try to use user interaction when it is disabled.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9466 Aux Id: seq11886 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Improved error handling of internal errors i the ssh
connection handling process</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9905</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
sftp daemon generates file handles correct</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9948</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Document supported algorithms</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8109</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Graceful handling of premature close from an sftp client.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9391 Aux Id: seq11838 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Changed ssh implementation to use the public_key
application for all public key handling. This is also a
first step for enabling a callback API for supplying
public keys and handling keys protected with password
phrases. </p>
<p>
Additionally the test suites where improved so that they
do not copy the users keys to test server directories as
this is a security liability. Also ipv6 and file access
issues found in the process has been fixed.</p>
<p>
This change also solves OTP-7677 and OTP-7235</p>
<p>
This changes also involves some updates to public_keys
ssh-functions.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9911</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Added options for the ssh client to support user keys
files that are password protected.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-10036 Aux Id: OTP-6400, Seq10595 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.0.9</title>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>Erlang/OTP can now be built using parallel make if you
limit the number of jobs, for instance using '<c>make
-j6</c>' or '<c>make -j10</c>'. '<c>make -j</c>' does not
work at the moment because of some missing
dependencies.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9451</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Ssh behaviours now use the new directive "-callback".
Parameters will be further specified in a later version
of ssh.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9796</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.0.8</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Calling ssh_sftp:stop_channel/1 resulted in that the trap_exit flag was
set to true for the invoking process.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9386 Aux Id: seq11865</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.0.7</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
An unexpected message would crash the ssh_connection_handler and close
the connection. Now an error message is generated instead.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9273</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.0.6</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
A memory leak has been fixed. I.e. per terminated connection the size of
a pid and the length of a user name string was not cleared.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9232</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.0.5</title>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Strengthened random number generation. (Thanks to Geoff Cant)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9225</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.0.4</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>In some cases SSH returned {error, normal} when a channel was terminated
unexpectedly. This has now been changed to {error, channel_closed}.</p>
<p>
*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8987 Aux Id: seq11748</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
SSH did not handle the error reason enetunreach
when trying to open a IPv6 connection.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9031</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
It is now possible to use SSH to sign and verify binary data.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8986</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
SSH now ensures that the .ssh directory exists before trying
to access files located in that directory.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9010</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.0.3</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
The fix regarding OTP-8849 was not included in the
previous version as stated.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8918</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.0.2</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
The ssh_system_sup did not catch noproc and shutdown
messages.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8863</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
In some cases a crash report was generated when a
connection was closing down. This was caused by a race
condition between two processes.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8881 Aux Id: seq11656, seq11648 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
SSH no longer use deprecated public_key functions.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8849</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.0.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
SSH in some cases terminated channels with reason normal
when it should have been shutdown.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8714</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
SSH in some cases generated a crash report when a channel
was closed in a normal way.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8735 Aux Id: seq11615 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The processes ssh_subsystem_sup and one ssh_channel_sup
was not terminated when a connection was closed.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8807</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 2.0</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>The function ssh:connect/4 was not exported.</p>
<p>Own Id: OTP-8550 Aux Id:</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>Aligned error message with used version (SSH_FX_FAILURE vs
SSH_FX_NOT_A_DIRECTORY, the latter introduced in version 6).</p>
<p>
*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
<p>Own Id: OTP-8644 Aux Id: seq11574</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>Resolved race condition when another connection is started
before a channel is opened in the first connection.</p>
<p>Own Id: OTP-8645 Aux Id: seq11577</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>The configuration parameter ip_v6_disabled is now available,
which makes it possible for the user to alter the IP version
SSH shall use.</p>
<p>
*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
<p>Own Id: OTP-8535 Aux Id:</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>The ssh_connection:send operation now accepts infinity as timeout.</p>
<p>Own Id: OTP-8534 Aux Id:</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>The connection handler now include stack traces when a channel
message is not handled correctly.</p>
<p>Own Id: OTP-8524 Aux Id:</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>Removed deprecated modules (ssh_ssh, ssh_sshd and ssh_cm) and
functions (ssh_sftp:connect and ssh_sftp:stop).</p>
<p>
*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
<p>Own Id: OTP-8596 Aux Id:</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 1.1.8</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
In some cases SSH ceased to collect more data from the transport layer.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8401 Aux Id: seq11479</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>Old release notes removed.</p>
<p>Own Id: OTP-8356 Aux Id:</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 1.1.7</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Now clear all processes when a connnection is terminated.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8121 Aux Id:</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
In some rare cases the connection handler could enter an infinite loop.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8277 Aux Id: seq11428</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
If an SFTP server did not respond with EOF, the function
ssh_sftp:list_dir/2/3 would enter an infinite loop.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8278 Aux Id: seq11450</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
The documentation is now built with open source tools (xsltproc and fop)
that exists on most platforms. One visible change is that the frames are removed.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8201 Aux Id:</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 1.1.6</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
ssh_sftp:start_channel did not handle all possible return
values from ssh_channel:start correctly.
</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8176 Aux Id: </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
SFTPD did not handle rename command (version 4) correctly.
</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8175 Aux Id: seq11373</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
If a connection manager already had been terminated it could cause a channel
to generate a crash report when it was about to stop.
</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8174 Aux Id: seq11377</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Requests could result in badarg or badmatch EXIT messages in the connection
manager if the channel no longer existed.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8173 Aux Id: seq11379</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
ssh_transport:unpack/3 could cause a badarg error.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8162 Aux Id:</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
The encryption algorithm aes128-cbc is now supported.
Requires that crypto-1.6.1 is available.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8110 Aux Id:</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 1.1.5</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
ssh_sftp:start_channel/3 did not handle timout correctly.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8159 Aux Id: seq11386</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
If a progress message was not recieved after invoking ssh:connect/3
the call could hang for ever. A timeout option has also been added.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8160 Aux Id: seq11386</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
A comma has been missing in the ssh.appup file since SSH-1.0.2.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8161 Aux Id:</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 1.1.4</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
SSH sometimes caused a crash report at disconnect.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8071 Aux Id: seq11319</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 1.1.3</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
The operation ssh_sftp:stop_channel/1 returned an
exception if the connection already had been closed.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7996 Aux Id: seq11281</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
SSH did not handle if supervisor:start_child/2 returned
{error, already_present}.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8034 Aux Id: seq11307</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
SSH no longer cause supervisor reports when a connection is
terminated in a controlled manner.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8035 Aux Id: seq11308</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 1.1.2</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Ssh confused local and remote channel id's, which in some
cases resulted in that messages were discarded.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7914 Aux Id: seq11234</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Ssh could not handle echo values other than 0 and 1.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7917 Aux Id: seq11238</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
A crash occurred if a non-valid channel reference was received.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7918 Aux Id: seq11238</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Sftpd connections was not closed after receiving eof from a client.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7921 Aux Id: seq11222</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
It was not possible to start a SFTP subsystem on certain platforms,
i.e. those who do not support symbolic links.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7930 Aux Id: </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
In some cases the message {ssh_cm, ssh_connection_ref(), {closed, ssh_channel_id()}}
was not passed to the registered callback module.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7957 Aux Id: </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
By using the sftpd option {max_files, Integer}, the message
size for READDIR commands can be reduced.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7919 Aux Id: seq11230</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 1.1.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
The erlang ssh server has presented itself incorrectly,
using the special version ssh-1.99, although it never has
supported versions below 2.0. Since ssh-1.1 client
versions below 2.0 are correctly rejected instead of
letting the server crash later on. Alas the problem with
the presentation string was not discovered until after
ssh.1.1 was released. Now the server will present itself
as ssh-2.0.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7795</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
An internal function call used an incorrect parameter, which
caused problem when the old listen API was used. This was
introduced in Ssh-1.1.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7920 Aux Id: seq11211</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Ssh timeouts will now behave as expected i.e. defaults to
infinity only the user of the ssh application can know of
a reasonable timeout value for their application.</p>
<p>
*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7807</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The implementation of timeouts added as a patch in
ssh-1.0.1 was slightly changed and is now documented.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7808</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
To honor the multiplexing of channels over one ssh
connection concept ssh_sftp:connect/ [1,2,3] is
deprecated and replaced by ssh_sftp:start_channel/[1,2,3]
and ssh_sftp:stop/1 is deprecated and replaced by
ssh_sftp:stop_channel/1 and to stop the ssh connection
ssh:close/ 1 should be called.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7809</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Added the message {ssh_channel_up, ChannelId,
ConnectionManager} that shall be handled by the channel
callback handle_msg/2. This makes the function
handle_msg/2 a mandatory function for ssh channels
implementations which it was not in ssh-1.1.</p>
<p>
*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7828</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 1.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
A flaw in the implementation of the supervision tree
caused the ssh daemon to close the connections to all
currently logged in users if one user logged out. Another
problem related to the supervision tree caused the closing
down of clients to leak processes i.e. all processes was
not shutdown correctly.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7676</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Tabs could cause ssh_cli to print things in a surprising
way.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7683 Aux Id: seq11102 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
[sftp, sftpd] - Added patch to make sftp timestamps more
correct, in the long run it would be nice to have better
support in file to be able to make it always behave
correctly now it will be correct 99 % of time instead of
almost never correct, at least on unix-based platforms.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7685 Aux Id: seq11082 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
[sftpd] - Added patch to further improve handling of
symbolic links in the sftp-server.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7766 Aux Id: seq11101 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Ssh incorrectly sent the local id instead of the remote
id of a channel to the peer. For simpler cases these ids
often happen to have the same value. One case when they
do not is when the client sends an exec command two times
in a raw on the same ssh connection (different channels
of course as the channel will be closed when the exec
command has been evaluated) .</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7767</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Packet data could be lost under high load due to the fact
that buffered data was sometimes wrongly discarded before
it had been sent.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7768</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Improved ipv6-handling as some assumptions about inet
functions where incorrect.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7770</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Added new API function ssh:connection_info/2.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7456</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Now starts ssh channel processes later avoiding
synchronization problems between processes.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7516</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Ssh now rejects old versions of the ssh protocol for
security reasons. (Even if they where not correctly
rejected before the connection would probably have failed
anyway due to other reasons.)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7645 Aux Id: seq11094 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
New API module ssh_channel has been added. This is a
behaviour to facilitate the implementation of ssh clients
and plug in subsystems to the ssh daemon. Note that this
slightly changes the options to the API function
ssh:daemon/[1,2,3] deprecating all no longer documented
options. Note that the new API enforces the "logical way"
of using the old API i.e. making the subsystem process
part of the ssh applications supervisor tree, so missuses
of the old API are not compatible with the new API.</p>
<p>
*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7769</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Public keys protected by a password are currently not
handled by the erlang ssh application.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-6400 Aux Id: 10595 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 1.0.2</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
[sftpd] - Listing of symbolic link directories should now
work as expected.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7141 Aux Id: seq10856 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 1.0.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
[sftp] - When listing a directory with more than 100
files only the first 100 where listed. This has now been
fixed.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7318 Aux Id: seq10953 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
When restarting an ssh-system the expected return value
from ssh_system_sup:restart_acceptor/2 was incorrect,
this is no longer the case.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7564 Aux Id: seq11055 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
A few minor bugs where fixed in ssh_userreg.erl and
ssh_connection_manager and a a ssh_cli option was added
to restore backwards compatibility with the old ssh_cm -
API.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7565</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Fixed bug in ipv6 support and added option to disable
ipv6 as a workaround for badly configured computers.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7566</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
[sftp] - Option added to set timeout value in sftp.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7305 Aux Id: seq10945 </p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section><title>Ssh 1.0</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
Removed some special handling of prompts that made ssh
behave differently than openssh.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7485 Aux Id: seq11025 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Bug in encoding of pty opts has been fixed.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7504</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
<section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
The architecture of the ssh processes has been
reconstructed to fit in a supervision tree as to become a
real OTP application and benefit from this when starting
and stopping.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7356 Aux Id: seq10899 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
Support for pty option echo off added. Requires kernel
from R12B-4.</p>
<p>
*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7502 Aux Id: seq10959 </p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
The ssh API has been enhanced a lot of old API functions
has become deprecated.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-7503</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
</chapter>
