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5 701 M
(Network Working Group T. Ylonen) s
5 690 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Communications Security Corp) s
5 679 M
(Expires: March 31, 2004 D. Moffat, Editor, Ed.) s
5 668 M
( Sun Microsystems, Inc) s
5 657 M
( Oct 2003) s
5 624 M
( SSH Transport Layer Protocol) s
5 613 M
( draft-ietf-secsh-transport-17.txt) s
5 591 M
(Status of this Memo) s
5 569 M
( This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with) s
5 558 M
( all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.) s
5 536 M
( Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering) s
5 525 M
( Task Force \(IETF\), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other) s
5 514 M
( groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.) s
5 492 M
( Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months) s
5 481 M
( and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any) s
5 470 M
( time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference) s
5 459 M
( material or to cite them other than as "work in progress.") s
5 437 M
( The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://) s
5 426 M
( www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.) s
5 404 M
( The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at) s
5 393 M
( http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.) s
5 371 M
( This Internet-Draft will expire on March 31, 2004.) s
5 349 M
(Copyright Notice) s
5 327 M
( Copyright \(C\) The Internet Society \(2003\). All Rights Reserved.) s
5 305 M
(Abstract) s
5 283 M
( SSH is a protocol for secure remote login and other secure network) s
5 272 M
( services over an insecure network.) s
5 250 M
( This document describes the SSH transport layer protocol which) s
5 239 M
( typically runs on top of TCP/IP. The protocol can be used as a basis) s
5 228 M
( for a number of secure network services. It provides strong) s
5 217 M
( encryption, server authentication, and integrity protection. It may) s
5 206 M
( also provide compression.) s
5 184 M
( Key exchange method, public key algorithm, symmetric encryption) s
5 173 M
( algorithm, message authentication algorithm, and hash algorithm are) s
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(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 1]) s
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5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( all negotiated.) s
5 668 M
( This document also describes the Diffie-Hellman key exchange method) s
5 657 M
( and the minimal set of algorithms that are needed to implement the) s
5 646 M
( SSH transport layer protocol.) s
5 624 M
(Table of Contents) s
5 602 M
( 1. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3) s
5 591 M
( 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3) s
5 580 M
( 3. Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3) s
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( 4. Connection Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3) s
5 558 M
( 4.1 Use over TCP/IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4) s
5 547 M
( 4.2 Protocol Version Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4) s
5 536 M
( 4.3 Compatibility With Old SSH Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . 4) s
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( 4.3.1 Old Client, New Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5) s
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( 4.3.2 New Client, Old Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5) s
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( 5. Binary Packet Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5) s
5 492 M
( 5.1 Maximum Packet Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6) s
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( 5.2 Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7) s
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( 5.3 Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7) s
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( 5.4 Data Integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9) s
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( 5.5 Key Exchange Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10) s
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( 5.6 Public Key Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11) s
5 426 M
( 6. Key Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13) s
5 415 M
( 6.1 Algorithm Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13) s
5 404 M
( 6.2 Output from Key Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16) s
5 393 M
( 6.3 Taking Keys Into Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17) s
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( 7. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18) s
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( 7.1 diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19) s
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( 8. Key Re-Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20) s
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( 9. Service Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21) s
5 338 M
( 10. Additional Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21) s
5 327 M
( 10.1 Disconnection Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22) s
5 316 M
( 10.2 Ignored Data Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22) s
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( 10.3 Debug Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23) s
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( 10.4 Reserved Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23) s
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( 11. Summary of Message Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23) s
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( 12. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24) s
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( 13. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24) s
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( 14. Intellectual Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24) s
5 239 M
( 15. Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24) s
5 228 M
( Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26) s
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( Normative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25) s
5 206 M
( Informative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25) s
5 195 M
( A. Contibutors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27) s
5 184 M
( Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . 28) s
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(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 2]) s
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5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
(1. Contributors) s
5 668 M
( The major original contributors of this document were: Tatu Ylonen,) s
5 657 M
( Tero Kivinen, Timo J. Rinne, Sami Lehtinen \(all of SSH Communications) s
5 646 M
( Security Corp\), and Markku-Juhani O. Saarinen \(University of) s
5 635 M
( Jyvaskyla\)) s
5 613 M
( The document editor is: [email protected]. Comments on this) s
5 602 M
( internet draft should be sent to the IETF SECSH working group,) s
5 591 M
( details at: http://ietf.org/html.charters/secsh-charter.html) s
5 569 M
(2. Introduction) s
5 547 M
( The SSH transport layer is a secure low level transport protocol. It) s
5 536 M
( provides strong encryption, cryptographic host authentication, and) s
5 525 M
( integrity protection.) s
5 503 M
( Authentication in this protocol level is host-based; this protocol) s
5 492 M
( does not perform user authentication. A higher level protocol for) s
5 481 M
( user authentication can be designed on top of this protocol.) s
5 459 M
( The protocol has been designed to be simple, flexible, to allow) s
5 448 M
( parameter negotiation, and to minimize the number of round-trips.) s
5 437 M
( Key exchange method, public key algorithm, symmetric encryption) s
5 426 M
( algorithm, message authentication algorithm, and hash algorithm are) s
5 415 M
( all negotiated. It is expected that in most environments, only 2) s
5 404 M
( round-trips will be needed for full key exchange, server) s
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( authentication, service request, and acceptance notification of) s
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( service request. The worst case is 3 round-trips.) s
5 360 M
(3. Conventions Used in This Document) s
5 338 M
( The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT",) s
5 327 M
( and "MAY" that appear in this document are to be interpreted as) s
5 316 M
( described in [RFC2119].) s
5 294 M
( The used data types and terminology are specified in the architecture) s
5 283 M
( document [SSH-ARCH].) s
5 261 M
( The architecture document also discusses the algorithm naming) s
5 250 M
( conventions that MUST be used with the SSH protocols.) s
5 228 M
(4. Connection Setup) s
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( SSH works over any 8-bit clean, binary-transparent transport. The) s
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( underlying transport SHOULD protect against transmission errors as) s
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( such errors cause the SSH connection to terminate.) s
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(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 3]) s
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5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
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( The client initiates the connection.) s
5 668 M
(4.1 Use over TCP/IP) s
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( When used over TCP/IP, the server normally listens for connections on) s
5 635 M
( port 22. This port number has been registered with the IANA, and has) s
5 624 M
( been officially assigned for SSH.) s
5 602 M
(4.2 Protocol Version Exchange) s
5 580 M
( When the connection has been established, both sides MUST send an) s
5 569 M
( identification string of the form "SSH-protoversion-softwareversion) s
5 558 M
( comments", followed by carriage return and newline characters \(ASCII) s
5 547 M
( 13 and 10, respectively\). Both sides MUST be able to process) s
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( identification strings without carriage return character. No null) s
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( character is sent. The maximum length of the string is 255) s
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( characters, including the carriage return and newline.) s
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( The part of the identification string preceding carriage return and) s
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( newline is used in the Diffie-Hellman key exchange \(see Section) s
5 470 M
( Section 7\).) s
5 448 M
( The server MAY send other lines of data before sending the version) s
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( string. Each line SHOULD be terminated by a carriage return and) s
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( newline. Such lines MUST NOT begin with "SSH-", and SHOULD be) s
5 415 M
( encoded in ISO-10646 UTF-8 [RFC2279] \(language is not specified\).) s
5 404 M
( Clients MUST be able to process such lines; they MAY be silently) s
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( ignored, or MAY be displayed to the client user; if they are) s
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( displayed, control character filtering discussed in [SSH-ARCH] SHOULD) s
5 371 M
( be used. The primary use of this feature is to allow TCP-wrappers to) s
5 360 M
( display an error message before disconnecting.) s
5 338 M
( Version strings MUST consist of printable US-ASCII characters, not) s
5 327 M
( including whitespaces or a minus sign \(-\). The version string is) s
5 316 M
( primarily used to trigger compatibility extensions and to indicate) s
5 305 M
( the capabilities of an implementation. The comment string should) s
5 294 M
( contain additional information that might be useful in solving user) s
5 283 M
( problems.) s
5 261 M
( The protocol version described in this document is 2.0.) s
5 239 M
( Key exchange will begin immediately after sending this identifier.) s
5 228 M
( All packets following the identification string SHALL use the binary) s
5 217 M
( packet protocol, to be described below.) s
5 195 M
(4.3 Compatibility With Old SSH Versions) s
5 173 M
( During the transition period, it is important to be able to work in a) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 4]) s
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%%Page: (4,5) 3
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 0.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 5 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( way that is compatible with the installed SSH clients and servers) s
5 679 M
( that use an older version of the protocol. Information in this) s
5 668 M
( section is only relevant for implementations supporting compatibility) s
5 657 M
( with SSH versions 1.x. There is no standards track or informational) s
5 646 M
( draft available that defines the SSH 1.x protocol. The only known) s
5 635 M
( documentation of the 1.x protocol is contained in README files that) s
5 624 M
( are shipped along with the source code.) s
5 602 M
(4.3.1 Old Client, New Server) s
5 580 M
( Server implementations MAY support a configurable "compatibility") s
5 569 M
( flag that enables compatibility with old versions. When this flag is) s
5 558 M
( on, the server SHOULD identify its protocol version as "1.99".) s
5 547 M
( Clients using protocol 2.0 MUST be able to identify this as identical) s
5 536 M
( to "2.0". In this mode the server SHOULD NOT send the carriage) s
5 525 M
( return character \(ASCII 13\) after the version identification string.) s
5 503 M
( In the compatibility mode the server SHOULD NOT send any further data) s
5 492 M
( after its initialization string until it has received an) s
5 481 M
( identification string from the client. The server can then determine) s
5 470 M
( whether the client is using an old protocol, and can revert to the) s
5 459 M
( old protocol if required. In the compatibility mode, the server MUST) s
5 448 M
( NOT send additional data before the version string.) s
5 426 M
( When compatibility with old clients is not needed, the server MAY) s
5 415 M
( send its initial key exchange data immediately after the) s
5 404 M
( identification string.) s
5 382 M
(4.3.2 New Client, Old Server) s
5 360 M
( Since the new client MAY immediately send additional data after its) s
5 349 M
( identification string \(before receiving server's identification\), the) s
5 338 M
( old protocol may already have been corrupted when the client learns) s
5 327 M
( that the server is old. When this happens, the client SHOULD close) s
5 316 M
( the connection to the server, and reconnect using the old protocol.) s
5 294 M
(5. Binary Packet Protocol) s
5 272 M
( Each packet is in the following format:) s
5 250 M
( uint32 packet_length) s
5 239 M
( byte padding_length) s
5 228 M
( byte[n1] payload; n1 = packet_length - padding_length - 1) s
5 217 M
( byte[n2] random padding; n2 = padding_length) s
5 206 M
( byte[m] mac \(message authentication code\); m = mac_length) s
5 184 M
( packet_length) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 5]) s
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PStoPSsaved restore
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 421.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 6 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( The length of the packet \(bytes\), not including MAC or the) s
5 679 M
( packet_length field itself.) s
5 657 M
( padding_length) s
5 646 M
( Length of padding \(bytes\).) s
5 624 M
( payload) s
5 613 M
( The useful contents of the packet. If compression has been) s
5 602 M
( negotiated, this field is compressed. Initially, compression) s
5 591 M
( MUST be "none".) s
5 569 M
( random padding) s
5 558 M
( Arbitrary-length padding, such that the total length of) s
5 547 M
( \(packet_length || padding_length || payload || padding\) is a) s
5 536 M
( multiple of the cipher block size or 8, whichever is larger.) s
5 525 M
( There MUST be at least four bytes of padding. The padding) s
5 514 M
( SHOULD consist of random bytes. The maximum amount of padding) s
5 503 M
( is 255 bytes.) s
5 481 M
( mac) s
5 470 M
( Message authentication code. If message authentication has) s
5 459 M
( been negotiated, this field contains the MAC bytes. Initially,) s
5 448 M
( the MAC algorithm MUST be "none".) s
5 415 M
( Note that length of the concatenation of packet length, padding) s
5 404 M
( length, payload, and padding MUST be a multiple of the cipher block) s
5 393 M
( size or 8, whichever is larger. This constraint MUST be enforced) s
5 382 M
( even when using stream ciphers. Note that the packet length field is) s
5 371 M
( also encrypted, and processing it requires special care when sending) s
5 360 M
( or receiving packets.) s
5 338 M
( The minimum size of a packet is 16 \(or the cipher block size,) s
5 327 M
( whichever is larger\) bytes \(plus MAC\); implementations SHOULD decrypt) s
5 316 M
( the length after receiving the first 8 \(or cipher block size,) s
5 305 M
( whichever is larger\) bytes of a packet.) s
5 283 M
(5.1 Maximum Packet Length) s
5 261 M
( All implementations MUST be able to process packets with uncompressed) s
5 250 M
( payload length of 32768 bytes or less and total packet size of 35000) s
5 239 M
( bytes or less \(including length, padding length, payload, padding,) s
5 228 M
( and MAC.\). The maximum of 35000 bytes is an arbitrary chosen value) s
5 217 M
( larger than uncompressed size. Implementations SHOULD support longer) s
5 206 M
( packets, where they might be needed, e.g. if an implementation wants) s
5 195 M
( to send a very large number of certificates. Such packets MAY be) s
5 184 M
( sent if the version string indicates that the other party is able to) s
5 173 M
( process them. However, implementations SHOULD check that the packet) s
5 129 M
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%%Page: (6,7) 4
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 0.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 7 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( length is reasonable for the implementation to avoid) s
5 679 M
( denial-of-service and/or buffer overflow attacks.) s
5 657 M
(5.2 Compression) s
5 635 M
( If compression has been negotiated, the payload field \(and only it\)) s
5 624 M
( will be compressed using the negotiated algorithm. The length field) s
5 613 M
( and MAC will be computed from the compressed payload. Encryption will) s
5 602 M
( be done after compression.) s
5 580 M
( Compression MAY be stateful, depending on the method. Compression) s
5 569 M
( MUST be independent for each direction, and implementations MUST) s
5 558 M
( allow independently choosing the algorithm for each direction.) s
5 536 M
( The following compression methods are currently defined:) s
5 514 M
( none REQUIRED no compression) s
5 503 M
( zlib OPTIONAL ZLIB \(LZ77\) compression) s
5 481 M
( The "zlib" compression is described in [RFC1950] and in [RFC1951].) s
5 470 M
( The compression context is initialized after each key exchange, and) s
5 459 M
( is passed from one packet to the next with only a partial flush being) s
5 448 M
( performed at the end of each packet. A partial flush means that the) s
5 437 M
( current compressed block is ended and all data will be output. If the) s
5 426 M
( current block is not a stored block, one or more empty blocks are) s
5 415 M
( added after the current block to ensure that there are at least 8) s
5 404 M
( bits counting from the start of the end-of-block code of the current) s
5 393 M
( block to the end of the packet payload.) s
5 371 M
( Additional methods may be defined as specified in [SSH-ARCH].) s
5 349 M
(5.3 Encryption) s
5 327 M
( An encryption algorithm and a key will be negotiated during the key) s
5 316 M
( exchange. When encryption is in effect, the packet length, padding) s
5 305 M
( length, payload and padding fields of each packet MUST be encrypted) s
5 294 M
( with the given algorithm.) s
5 272 M
( The encrypted data in all packets sent in one direction SHOULD be) s
5 261 M
( considered a single data stream. For example, initialization vectors) s
5 250 M
( SHOULD be passed from the end of one packet to the beginning of the) s
5 239 M
( next packet. All ciphers SHOULD use keys with an effective key length) s
5 228 M
( of 128 bits or more.) s
5 206 M
( The ciphers in each direction MUST run independently of each other,) s
5 195 M
( and implementations MUST allow independently choosing the algorithm) s
5 184 M
( for each direction \(if multiple algorithms are allowed by local) s
5 173 M
( policy\).) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 7]) s
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PStoPSsaved restore
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 421.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 8 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( The following ciphers are currently defined:) s
5 668 M
( 3des-cbc REQUIRED three-key 3DES in CBC mode) s
5 657 M
( blowfish-cbc OPTIONALi Blowfish in CBC mode) s
5 646 M
( twofish256-cbc OPTIONAL Twofish in CBC mode,) s
5 635 M
( with 256-bit key) s
5 624 M
( twofish-cbc OPTIONAL alias for "twofish256-cbc" \(this) s
5 613 M
( is being retained for) s
5 602 M
( historical reasons\)) s
5 591 M
( twofish192-cbc OPTIONAL Twofish with 192-bit key) s
5 580 M
( twofish128-cbc OPTIONAL Twofish with 128-bit key) s
5 569 M
( aes256-cbc OPTIONAL AES \(Rijndael\) in CBC mode,) s
5 558 M
( with 256-bit key) s
5 547 M
( aes192-cbc OPTIONAL AES with 192-bit key) s
5 536 M
( aes128-cbc RECOMMENDED AES with 128-bit key) s
5 525 M
( serpent256-cbc OPTIONAL Serpent in CBC mode, with) s
5 514 M
( 256-bit key) s
5 503 M
( serpent192-cbc OPTIONAL Serpent with 192-bit key) s
5 492 M
( serpent128-cbc OPTIONAL Serpent with 128-bit key) s
5 481 M
( arcfour OPTIONAL the ARCFOUR stream cipher) s
5 470 M
( idea-cbc OPTIONAL IDEA in CBC mode) s
5 459 M
( cast128-cbc OPTIONAL CAST-128 in CBC mode) s
5 448 M
( none OPTIONAL no encryption; NOT RECOMMENDED) s
5 426 M
( The "3des-cbc" cipher is three-key triple-DES) s
5 415 M
( \(encrypt-decrypt-encrypt\), where the first 8 bytes of the key are) s
5 404 M
( used for the first encryption, the next 8 bytes for the decryption,) s
5 393 M
( and the following 8 bytes for the final encryption. This requires 24) s
5 382 M
( bytes of key data \(of which 168 bits are actually used\). To) s
5 371 M
( implement CBC mode, outer chaining MUST be used \(i.e., there is only) s
5 360 M
( one initialization vector\). This is a block cipher with 8 byte) s
5 349 M
( blocks. This algorithm is defined in [FIPS-46-3]) s
5 327 M
( The "blowfish-cbc" cipher is Blowfish in CBC mode, with 128 bit keys) s
5 316 M
( [SCHNEIER]. This is a block cipher with 8 byte blocks.) s
5 294 M
( The "twofish-cbc" or "twofish256-cbc" cipher is Twofish in CBC mode,) s
5 283 M
( with 256 bit keys as described [TWOFISH]. This is a block cipher with) s
5 272 M
( 16 byte blocks.) s
5 250 M
( The "twofish192-cbc" cipher. Same as above but with 192-bit key.) s
5 228 M
( The "twofish128-cbc" cipher. Same as above but with 128-bit key.) s
5 206 M
( The "aes256-cbc" cipher is AES \(Advanced Encryption Standard\)) s
5 195 M
( [FIPS-197], formerly Rijndael, in CBC mode. This version uses 256-bit) s
5 184 M
( key.) s
5 129 M
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%%Page: (8,9) 5
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 0.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 9 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( The "aes192-cbc" cipher. Same as above but with 192-bit key.) s
5 668 M
( The "aes128-cbc" cipher. Same as above but with 128-bit key.) s
5 646 M
( The "serpent256-cbc" cipher in CBC mode, with 256-bit key as) s
5 635 M
( described in the Serpent AES submission.) s
5 613 M
( The "serpent192-cbc" cipher. Same as above but with 192-bit key.) s
5 591 M
( The "serpent128-cbc" cipher. Same as above but with 128-bit key.) s
5 569 M
( The "arcfour" is the Arcfour stream cipher with 128 bit keys. The) s
5 558 M
( Arcfour cipher is believed to be compatible with the RC4 cipher) s
5 547 M
( [SCHNEIER]. RC4 is a registered trademark of RSA Data Security Inc.) s
5 536 M
( Arcfour \(and RC4\) has problems with weak keys, and should be used) s
5 525 M
( with caution.) s
5 503 M
( The "idea-cbc" cipher is the IDEA cipher in CBC mode [SCHNEIER].) s
5 481 M
( The "cast128-cbc" cipher is the CAST-128 cipher in CBC mode) s
5 470 M
( [RFC2144].) s
5 448 M
( The "none" algorithm specifies that no encryption is to be done.) s
5 437 M
( Note that this method provides no confidentiality protection, and it) s
5 426 M
( is not recommended. Some functionality \(e.g. password) s
5 415 M
( authentication\) may be disabled for security reasons if this cipher) s
5 404 M
( is chosen.) s
5 382 M
( Additional methods may be defined as specified in [SSH-ARCH].) s
5 360 M
(5.4 Data Integrity) s
5 338 M
( Data integrity is protected by including with each packet a message) s
5 327 M
( authentication code \(MAC\) that is computed from a shared secret,) s
5 316 M
( packet sequence number, and the contents of the packet.) s
5 294 M
( The message authentication algorithm and key are negotiated during) s
5 283 M
( key exchange. Initially, no MAC will be in effect, and its length) s
5 272 M
( MUST be zero. After key exchange, the selected MAC will be computed) s
5 261 M
( before encryption from the concatenation of packet data:) s
5 239 M
( mac = MAC\(key, sequence_number || unencrypted_packet\)) s
5 217 M
( where unencrypted_packet is the entire packet without MAC \(the length) s
5 206 M
( fields, payload and padding\), and sequence_number is an implicit) s
5 195 M
( packet sequence number represented as uint32. The sequence number is) s
5 184 M
( initialized to zero for the first packet, and is incremented after) s
5 173 M
( every packet \(regardless of whether encryption or MAC is in use\). It) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 9]) s
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PStoPSsaved restore
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 421.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 10 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( is never reset, even if keys/algorithms are renegotiated later. It) s
5 679 M
( wraps around to zero after every 2^32 packets. The packet sequence) s
5 668 M
( number itself is not included in the packet sent over the wire.) s
5 646 M
( The MAC algorithms for each direction MUST run independently, and) s
5 635 M
( implementations MUST allow choosing the algorithm independently for) s
5 624 M
( both directions.) s
5 602 M
( The MAC bytes resulting from the MAC algorithm MUST be transmitted) s
5 591 M
( without encryption as the last part of the packet. The number of MAC) s
5 580 M
( bytes depends on the algorithm chosen.) s
5 558 M
( The following MAC algorithms are currently defined:) s
5 536 M
( hmac-sha1 REQUIRED HMAC-SHA1 \(digest length = key) s
5 525 M
( length = 20\)) s
5 514 M
( hmac-sha1-96 RECOMMENDED first 96 bits of HMAC-SHA1 \(digest) s
5 503 M
( length = 12, key length = 20\)) s
5 492 M
( hmac-md5 OPTIONAL HMAC-MD5 \(digest length = key) s
5 481 M
( length = 16\)) s
5 470 M
( hmac-md5-96 OPTIONAL first 96 bits of HMAC-MD5 \(digest) s
5 459 M
( length = 12, key length = 16\)) s
5 448 M
( none OPTIONAL no MAC; NOT RECOMMENDED) s
5 426 M
( Figure 1) s
5 404 M
( The "hmac-*" algorithms are described in [RFC2104] The "*-n" MACs use) s
5 393 M
( only the first n bits of the resulting value.) s
5 371 M
( The hash algorithms are described in [SCHNEIER].) s
5 349 M
( Additional methods may be defined as specified in [SSH-ARCH].) s
5 327 M
(5.5 Key Exchange Methods) s
5 305 M
( The key exchange method specifies how one-time session keys are) s
5 294 M
( generated for encryption and for authentication, and how the server) s
5 283 M
( authentication is done.) s
5 261 M
( Only one REQUIRED key exchange method has been defined:) s
5 239 M
( diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 REQUIRED) s
5 217 M
( This method is described later in this document.) s
5 195 M
( Additional methods may be defined as specified in [SSH-ARCH].) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 10]) s
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userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 0.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 11 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
(5.6 Public Key Algorithms) s
5 668 M
( This protocol has been designed to be able to operate with almost any) s
5 657 M
( public key format, encoding, and algorithm \(signature and/or) s
5 646 M
( encryption\).) s
5 624 M
( There are several aspects that define a public key type:) s
5 613 M
( o Key format: how is the key encoded and how are certificates) s
5 602 M
( represented. The key blobs in this protocol MAY contain) s
5 591 M
( certificates in addition to keys.) s
5 580 M
( o Signature and/or encryption algorithms. Some key types may not) s
5 569 M
( support both signing and encryption. Key usage may also be) s
5 558 M
( restricted by policy statements in e.g. certificates. In this) s
5 547 M
( case, different key types SHOULD be defined for the different) s
5 536 M
( policy alternatives.) s
5 525 M
( o Encoding of signatures and/or encrypted data. This includes but is) s
5 514 M
( not limited to padding, byte order, and data formats.) s
5 492 M
( The following public key and/or certificate formats are currently defined:) s
5 470 M
( ssh-dss REQUIRED sign Raw DSS Key) s
5 459 M
( ssh-rsa RECOMMENDED sign Raw RSA Key) s
5 448 M
( x509v3-sign-rsa OPTIONAL sign X.509 certificates \(RSA key\)) s
5 437 M
( x509v3-sign-dss OPTIONAL sign X.509 certificates \(DSS key\)) s
5 426 M
( spki-sign-rsa OPTIONAL sign SPKI certificates \(RSA key\)) s
5 415 M
( spki-sign-dss OPTIONAL sign SPKI certificates \(DSS key\)) s
5 404 M
( pgp-sign-rsa OPTIONAL sign OpenPGP certificates \(RSA key\)) s
5 393 M
( pgp-sign-dss OPTIONAL sign OpenPGP certificates \(DSS key\)) s
5 371 M
( Additional key types may be defined as specified in [SSH-ARCH].) s
5 349 M
( The key type MUST always be explicitly known \(from algorithm) s
5 338 M
( negotiation or some other source\). It is not normally included in) s
5 327 M
( the key blob.) s
5 305 M
( Certificates and public keys are encoded as follows:) s
5 283 M
( string certificate or public key format identifier) s
5 272 M
( byte[n] key/certificate data) s
5 250 M
( The certificate part may have be a zero length string, but a public) s
5 239 M
( key is required. This is the public key that will be used for) s
5 228 M
( authentication; the certificate sequence contained in the certificate) s
5 217 M
( blob can be used to provide authorization.) s
5 195 M
( Public key / certifcate formats that do not explicitly specify a) s
5 184 M
( signature format identifier MUST use the public key / certificate) s
5 173 M
( format identifier as the signature identifier.) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 11]) s
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PStoPSsaved restore
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 421.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 12 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( Signatures are encoded as follows:) s
5 679 M
( string signature format identifier \(as specified by the) s
5 668 M
( public key / cert format\)) s
5 657 M
( byte[n] signature blob in format specific encoding.) s
5 624 M
( The "ssh-dss" key format has the following specific encoding:) s
5 602 M
( string "ssh-dss") s
5 591 M
( mpint p) s
5 580 M
( mpint q) s
5 569 M
( mpint g) s
5 558 M
( mpint y) s
5 536 M
( Here the p, q, g, and y parameters form the signature key blob.) s
5 514 M
( Signing and verifying using this key format is done according to the) s
5 503 M
( Digital Signature Standard [FIPS-186] using the SHA-1 hash. A) s
5 492 M
( description can also be found in [SCHNEIER].) s
5 470 M
( The resulting signature is encoded as follows:) s
5 448 M
( string "ssh-dss") s
5 437 M
( string dss_signature_blob) s
5 415 M
( dss_signature_blob is encoded as a string containing r followed by s) s
5 404 M
( \(which are 160 bits long integers, without lengths or padding,) s
5 393 M
( unsigned and in network byte order\).) s
5 371 M
( The "ssh-rsa" key format has the following specific encoding:) s
5 349 M
( string "ssh-rsa") s
5 338 M
( mpint e) s
5 327 M
( mpint n) s
5 305 M
( Here the e and n parameters form the signature key blob.) s
5 283 M
( Signing and verifying using this key format is done according to) s
5 272 M
( [SCHNEIER] and [PKCS1] using the SHA-1 hash.) s
5 250 M
( The resulting signature is encoded as follows:) s
5 228 M
( string "ssh-rsa") s
5 217 M
( string rsa_signature_blob) s
5 195 M
( rsa_signature_blob is encoded as a string containing s \(which is an) s
5 184 M
( integer, without lengths or padding, unsigned and in network byte) s
5 173 M
( order\).) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 12]) s
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%%Page: (12,13) 7
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 0.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 13 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( The "spki-sign-rsa" method indicates that the certificate blob) s
5 679 M
( contains a sequence of SPKI certificates. The format of SPKI) s
5 668 M
( certificates is described in [RFC2693]. This method indicates that) s
5 657 M
( the key \(or one of the keys in the certificate\) is an RSA-key.) s
5 635 M
( The "spki-sign-dss". As above, but indicates that the key \(or one of) s
5 624 M
( the keys in the certificate\) is a DSS-key.) s
5 602 M
( The "pgp-sign-rsa" method indicates the certificates, the public key,) s
5 591 M
( and the signature are in OpenPGP compatible binary format) s
5 580 M
( \([RFC2440]\). This method indicates that the key is an RSA-key.) s
5 558 M
( The "pgp-sign-dss". As above, but indicates that the key is a) s
5 547 M
( DSS-key.) s
5 525 M
(6. Key Exchange) s
5 503 M
( Key exchange begins by each side sending lists of supported) s
5 492 M
( algorithms. Each side has a preferred algorithm in each category, and) s
5 481 M
( it is assumed that most implementations at any given time will use) s
5 470 M
( the same preferred algorithm. Each side MAY guess which algorithm) s
5 459 M
( the other side is using, and MAY send an initial key exchange packet) s
5 448 M
( according to the algorithm if appropriate for the preferred method.) s
5 426 M
( Guess is considered wrong, if:) s
5 415 M
( o the kex algorithm and/or the host key algorithm is guessed wrong) s
5 404 M
( \(server and client have different preferred algorithm\), or) s
5 393 M
( o if any of the other algorithms cannot be agreed upon \(the) s
5 382 M
( procedure is defined below in Section Section 6.1\).) s
5 360 M
( Otherwise, the guess is considered to be right and the optimistically) s
5 349 M
( sent packet MUST be handled as the first key exchange packet.) s
5 327 M
( However, if the guess was wrong, and a packet was optimistically sent) s
5 316 M
( by one or both parties, such packets MUST be ignored \(even if the) s
5 305 M
( error in the guess would not affect the contents of the initial) s
5 294 M
( packet\(s\)\), and the appropriate side MUST send the correct initial) s
5 283 M
( packet.) s
5 261 M
( Server authentication in the key exchange MAY be implicit. After a) s
5 250 M
( key exchange with implicit server authentication, the client MUST) s
5 239 M
( wait for response to its service request message before sending any) s
5 228 M
( further data.) s
5 206 M
(6.1 Algorithm Negotiation) s
5 184 M
( Key exchange begins by each side sending the following packet:) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 13]) s
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PStoPSsaved restore
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 421.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 14 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( byte SSH_MSG_KEXINIT) s
5 679 M
( byte[16] cookie \(random bytes\)) s
5 668 M
( string kex_algorithms) s
5 657 M
( string server_host_key_algorithms) s
5 646 M
( string encryption_algorithms_client_to_server) s
5 635 M
( string encryption_algorithms_server_to_client) s
5 624 M
( string mac_algorithms_client_to_server) s
5 613 M
( string mac_algorithms_server_to_client) s
5 602 M
( string compression_algorithms_client_to_server) s
5 591 M
( string compression_algorithms_server_to_client) s
5 580 M
( string languages_client_to_server) s
5 569 M
( string languages_server_to_client) s
5 558 M
( boolean first_kex_packet_follows) s
5 547 M
( uint32 0 \(reserved for future extension\)) s
5 525 M
( Each of the algorithm strings MUST be a comma-separated list of) s
5 514 M
( algorithm names \(see ''Algorithm Naming'' in [SSH-ARCH]\). Each) s
5 503 M
( supported \(allowed\) algorithm MUST be listed in order of preference.) s
5 481 M
( The first algorithm in each list MUST be the preferred \(guessed\)) s
5 470 M
( algorithm. Each string MUST contain at least one algorithm name.) s
5 437 M
( cookie) s
5 426 M
( The cookie MUST be a random value generated by the sender. Its) s
5 415 M
( purpose is to make it impossible for either side to fully) s
5 404 M
( determine the keys and the session identifier.) s
5 382 M
( kex_algorithms) s
5 371 M
( Key exchange algorithms were defined above. The first) s
5 360 M
( algorithm MUST be the preferred \(and guessed\) algorithm. If) s
5 349 M
( both sides make the same guess, that algorithm MUST be used.) s
5 338 M
( Otherwise, the following algorithm MUST be used to choose a key) s
5 327 M
( exchange method: iterate over client's kex algorithms, one at a) s
5 316 M
( time. Choose the first algorithm that satisfies the following) s
5 305 M
( conditions:) s
5 294 M
( + the server also supports the algorithm,) s
5 283 M
( + if the algorithm requires an encryption-capable host key,) s
5 272 M
( there is an encryption-capable algorithm on the server's) s
5 261 M
( server_host_key_algorithms that is also supported by the) s
5 250 M
( client, and) s
5 239 M
( + if the algorithm requires a signature-capable host key,) s
5 228 M
( there is a signature-capable algorithm on the server's) s
5 217 M
( server_host_key_algorithms that is also supported by the) s
5 206 M
( client.) s
5 195 M
( + If no algorithm satisfying all these conditions can be) s
5 184 M
( found, the connection fails, and both sides MUST disconnect.) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 14]) s
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%%Page: (14,15) 8
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 0.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 15 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( server_host_key_algorithms) s
5 679 M
( List of the algorithms supported for the server host key. The) s
5 668 M
( server lists the algorithms for which it has host keys; the) s
5 657 M
( client lists the algorithms that it is willing to accept.) s
5 646 M
( \(There MAY be multiple host keys for a host, possibly with) s
5 635 M
( different algorithms.\)) s
5 613 M
( Some host keys may not support both signatures and encryption) s
5 602 M
( \(this can be determined from the algorithm\), and thus not all) s
5 591 M
( host keys are valid for all key exchange methods.) s
5 569 M
( Algorithm selection depends on whether the chosen key exchange) s
5 558 M
( algorithm requires a signature or encryption capable host key.) s
5 547 M
( It MUST be possible to determine this from the public key) s
5 536 M
( algorithm name. The first algorithm on the client's list that) s
5 525 M
( satisfies the requirements and is also supported by the server) s
5 514 M
( MUST be chosen. If there is no such algorithm, both sides MUST) s
5 503 M
( disconnect.) s
5 481 M
( encryption_algorithms) s
5 470 M
( Lists the acceptable symmetric encryption algorithms in order) s
5 459 M
( of preference. The chosen encryption algorithm to each) s
5 448 M
( direction MUST be the first algorithm on the client's list) s
5 437 M
( that is also on the server's list. If there is no such) s
5 426 M
( algorithm, both sides MUST disconnect.) s
5 404 M
( Note that "none" must be explicitly listed if it is to be) s
5 393 M
( acceptable. The defined algorithm names are listed in Section) s
5 382 M
( Section 5.3.) s
5 360 M
( mac_algorithms) s
5 349 M
( Lists the acceptable MAC algorithms in order of preference.) s
5 338 M
( The chosen MAC algorithm MUST be the first algorithm on the) s
5 327 M
( client's list that is also on the server's list. If there is) s
5 316 M
( no such algorithm, both sides MUST disconnect.) s
5 294 M
( Note that "none" must be explicitly listed if it is to be) s
5 283 M
( acceptable. The MAC algorithm names are listed in Section) s
5 272 M
( Figure 1.) s
5 250 M
( compression_algorithms) s
5 239 M
( Lists the acceptable compression algorithms in order of) s
5 228 M
( preference. The chosen compression algorithm MUST be the first) s
5 217 M
( algorithm on the client's list that is also on the server's) s
5 206 M
( list. If there is no such algorithm, both sides MUST) s
5 195 M
( disconnect.) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 15]) s
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PStoPSsaved restore
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 421.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 16 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( Note that "none" must be explicitly listed if it is to be) s
5 679 M
( acceptable. The compression algorithm names are listed in) s
5 668 M
( Section Section 5.2.) s
5 646 M
( languages) s
5 635 M
( This is a comma-separated list of language tags in order of) s
5 624 M
( preference [RFC3066]. Both parties MAY ignore this list. If) s
5 613 M
( there are no language preferences, this list SHOULD be empty.) s
5 602 M
( Language tags SHOULD NOT be present unless they are known to be) s
5 591 M
( needed by the sending party.) s
5 569 M
( first_kex_packet_follows) s
5 558 M
( Indicates whether a guessed key exchange packet follows. If a) s
5 547 M
( guessed packet will be sent, this MUST be TRUE. If no guessed) s
5 536 M
( packet will be sent, this MUST be FALSE.) s
5 514 M
( After receiving the SSH_MSG_KEXINIT packet from the other side,) s
5 503 M
( each party will know whether their guess was right. If the) s
5 492 M
( other party's guess was wrong, and this field was TRUE, the) s
5 481 M
( next packet MUST be silently ignored, and both sides MUST then) s
5 470 M
( act as determined by the negotiated key exchange method. If) s
5 459 M
( the guess was right, key exchange MUST continue using the) s
5 448 M
( guessed packet.) s
5 426 M
( After the KEXINIT packet exchange, the key exchange algorithm is run.) s
5 415 M
( It may involve several packet exchanges, as specified by the key) s
5 404 M
( exchange method.) s
5 382 M
(6.2 Output from Key Exchange) s
5 360 M
( The key exchange produces two values: a shared secret K, and an) s
5 349 M
( exchange hash H. Encryption and authentication keys are derived from) s
5 338 M
( these. The exchange hash H from the first key exchange is) s
5 327 M
( additionally used as the session identifier, which is a unique) s
5 316 M
( identifier for this connection. It is used by authentication methods) s
5 305 M
( as a part of the data that is signed as a proof of possession of a) s
5 294 M
( private key. Once computed, the session identifier is not changed,) s
5 283 M
( even if keys are later re-exchanged.) s
5 250 M
( Each key exchange method specifies a hash function that is used in) s
5 239 M
( the key exchange. The same hash algorithm MUST be used in key) s
5 228 M
( derivation. Here, we'll call it HASH.) s
5 195 M
( Encryption keys MUST be computed as HASH of a known value and K as) s
5 184 M
( follows:) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 16]) s
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%%Page: (16,17) 9
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 0.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 17 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( o Initial IV client to server: HASH\(K || H || "A" || session_id\)) s
5 679 M
( \(Here K is encoded as mpint and "A" as byte and session_id as raw) s
5 668 M
( data."A" means the single character A, ASCII 65\).) s
5 657 M
( o Initial IV server to client: HASH\(K || H || "B" || session_id\)) s
5 646 M
( o Encryption key client to server: HASH\(K || H || "C" || session_id\)) s
5 635 M
( o Encryption key server to client: HASH\(K || H || "D" || session_id\)) s
5 624 M
( o Integrity key client to server: HASH\(K || H || "E" || session_id\)) s
5 613 M
( o Integrity key server to client: HASH\(K || H || "F" || session_id\)) s
5 591 M
( Key data MUST be taken from the beginning of the hash output. 128) s
5 580 M
( bits \(16 bytes\) MUST be used for algorithms with variable-length) s
5 569 M
( keys. The only variable key length algorithm defined in this document) s
5 558 M
( is arcfour\). For other algorithms, as many bytes as are needed are) s
5 547 M
( taken from the beginning of the hash value. If the key length needed) s
5 536 M
( is longer than the output of the HASH, the key is extended by) s
5 525 M
( computing HASH of the concatenation of K and H and the entire key so) s
5 514 M
( far, and appending the resulting bytes \(as many as HASH generates\) to) s
5 503 M
( the key. This process is repeated until enough key material is) s
5 492 M
( available; the key is taken from the beginning of this value. In) s
5 481 M
( other words:) s
5 459 M
( K1 = HASH\(K || H || X || session_id\) \(X is e.g. "A"\)) s
5 448 M
( K2 = HASH\(K || H || K1\)) s
5 437 M
( K3 = HASH\(K || H || K1 || K2\)) s
5 426 M
( ...) s
5 415 M
( key = K1 || K2 || K3 || ...) s
5 393 M
( This process will lose entropy if the amount of entropy in K is) s
5 382 M
( larger than the internal state size of HASH.) s
5 360 M
(6.3 Taking Keys Into Use) s
5 338 M
( Key exchange ends by each side sending an SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS message.) s
5 327 M
( This message is sent with the old keys and algorithms. All messages) s
5 316 M
( sent after this message MUST use the new keys and algorithms.) s
5 283 M
( When this message is received, the new keys and algorithms MUST be) s
5 272 M
( taken into use for receiving.) s
5 239 M
( This message is the only valid message after key exchange, in) s
5 228 M
( addition to SSH_MSG_DEBUG, SSH_MSG_DISCONNECT and SSH_MSG_IGNORE) s
5 217 M
( messages. The purpose of this message is to ensure that a party is) s
5 206 M
( able to respond with a disconnect message that the other party can) s
5 195 M
( understand if something goes wrong with the key exchange.) s
5 184 M
( Implementations MUST NOT accept any other messages after key exchange) s
5 173 M
( before receiving SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS.) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 17]) s
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PStoPSsaved restore
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 421.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 18 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( byte SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS) s
5 657 M
(7. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange) s
5 635 M
( The Diffie-Hellman key exchange provides a shared secret that can not) s
5 624 M
( be determined by either party alone. The key exchange is combined) s
5 613 M
( with a signature with the host key to provide host authentication.) s
5 580 M
( In the following description \(C is the client, S is the server; p is) s
5 569 M
( a large safe prime, g is a generator for a subgroup of GF\(p\), and q) s
5 558 M
( is the order of the subgroup; V_S is S's version string; V_C is C's) s
5 547 M
( version string; K_S is S's public host key; I_C is C's KEXINIT) s
5 536 M
( message and I_S S's KEXINIT message which have been exchanged before) s
5 525 M
( this part begins\):) s
5 492 M
( 1. C generates a random number x \(1 < x < q\) and computes e = g^x) s
5 481 M
( mod p. C sends "e" to S.) s
5 459 M
( 2. S generates a random number y \(0 < y < q\) and computes f = g^y) s
5 448 M
( mod p. S receives "e". It computes K = e^y mod p, H = hash\(V_C) s
5 437 M
( || V_S || I_C || I_S || K_S || e || f || K\) \(these elements are) s
5 426 M
( encoded according to their types; see below\), and signature s on) s
5 415 M
( H with its private host key. S sends "K_S || f || s" to C. The) s
5 404 M
( signing operation may involve a second hashing operation.) s
5 382 M
( 3. C verifies that K_S really is the host key for S \(e.g. using) s
5 371 M
( certificates or a local database\). C is also allowed to accept) s
5 360 M
( the key without verification; however, doing so will render the) s
5 349 M
( protocol insecure against active attacks \(but may be desirable) s
5 338 M
( for practical reasons in the short term in many environments\). C) s
5 327 M
( then computes K = f^x mod p, H = hash\(V_C || V_S || I_C || I_S ||) s
5 316 M
( K_S || e || f || K\), and verifies the signature s on H.) s
5 294 M
( Either side MUST NOT send or accept e or f values that are not in the) s
5 283 M
( range [1, p-1]. If this condition is violated, the key exchange) s
5 272 M
( fails.) s
5 239 M
( This is implemented with the following messages. The hash algorithm) s
5 228 M
( for computing the exchange hash is defined by the method name, and is) s
5 217 M
( called HASH. The public key algorithm for signing is negotiated with) s
5 206 M
( the KEXINIT messages.) s
5 184 M
( First, the client sends the following:) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 18]) s
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%%Page: (18,19) 10
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 0.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 19 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( byte SSH_MSG_KEXDH_INIT) s
5 679 M
( mpint e) s
5 646 M
( The server responds with the following:) s
5 624 M
( byte SSH_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY) s
5 613 M
( string server public host key and certificates \(K_S\)) s
5 602 M
( mpint f) s
5 591 M
( string signature of H) s
5 569 M
( The hash H is computed as the HASH hash of the concatenation of the) s
5 558 M
( following:) s
5 536 M
( string V_C, the client's version string \(CR and NL excluded\)) s
5 525 M
( string V_S, the server's version string \(CR and NL excluded\)) s
5 514 M
( string I_C, the payload of the client's SSH_MSG_KEXINIT) s
5 503 M
( string I_S, the payload of the server's SSH_MSG_KEXINIT) s
5 492 M
( string K_S, the host key) s
5 481 M
( mpint e, exchange value sent by the client) s
5 470 M
( mpint f, exchange value sent by the server) s
5 459 M
( mpint K, the shared secret) s
5 437 M
( This value is called the exchange hash, and it is used to) s
5 426 M
( authenticate the key exchange. The exchange hash SHOULD be kept) s
5 415 M
( secret.) s
5 382 M
( The signature algorithm MUST be applied over H, not the original) s
5 371 M
( data. Most signature algorithms include hashing and additional) s
5 360 M
( padding. For example, "ssh-dss" specifies SHA-1 hashing; in that) s
5 349 M
( case, the data is first hashed with HASH to compute H, and H is then) s
5 338 M
( hashed with SHA-1 as part of the signing operation.) s
5 316 M
(7.1 diffie-hellman-group1-sha1) s
5 294 M
( The "diffie-hellman-group1-sha1" method specifies Diffie-Hellman key) s
5 283 M
( exchange with SHA-1 as HASH, and Oakley group 14 [RFC3526] \(2048-bit) s
5 272 M
( MODP Group\). It is included below in hexadecimal and decimal.) s
5 250 M
( The prime p is equal to 2^1024 - 2^960 - 1 + 2^64 * floor\( 2^894 Pi +) s
5 239 M
( 129093 \). Its hexadecimal value is:) s
5 217 M
( FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF C90FDAA2 2168C234 C4C6628B 80DC1CD1) s
5 206 M
( 29024E08 8A67CC74 020BBEA6 3B139B22 514A0879 8E3404DD) s
5 195 M
( EF9519B3 CD3A431B 302B0A6D F25F1437 4FE1356D 6D51C245) s
5 184 M
( E485B576 625E7EC6 F44C42E9 A637ED6B 0BFF5CB6 F406B7ED) s
5 173 M
( EE386BFB 5A899FA5 AE9F2411 7C4B1FE6 49286651 ECE65381) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 19]) s
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PStoPSsaved restore
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 421.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 20 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF.) s
5 668 M
( In decimal, this value is:) s
5 646 M
( 179769313486231590770839156793787453197860296048756011706444) s
5 635 M
( 423684197180216158519368947833795864925541502180565485980503) s
5 624 M
( 646440548199239100050792877003355816639229553136239076508735) s
5 613 M
( 759914822574862575007425302077447712589550957937778424442426) s
5 602 M
( 617334727629299387668709205606050270810842907692932019128194) s
5 591 M
( 467627007.) s
5 569 M
( The generator used with this prime is g = 2. The group order q is \(p) s
5 558 M
( - 1\) / 2.) s
5 536 M
(8. Key Re-Exchange) s
5 514 M
( Key re-exchange is started by sending an SSH_MSG_KEXINIT packet when) s
5 503 M
( not already doing a key exchange \(as described in Section Section) s
5 492 M
( 6.1\). When this message is received, a party MUST respond with its) s
5 481 M
( own SSH_MSG_KEXINIT message except when the received SSH_MSG_KEXINIT) s
5 470 M
( already was a reply. Either party MAY initiate the re-exchange, but) s
5 459 M
( roles MUST NOT be changed \(i.e., the server remains the server, and) s
5 448 M
( the client remains the client\).) s
5 415 M
( Key re-exchange is performed using whatever encryption was in effect) s
5 404 M
( when the exchange was started. Encryption, compression, and MAC) s
5 393 M
( methods are not changed before a new SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS is sent after) s
5 382 M
( the key exchange \(as in the initial key exchange\). Re-exchange is) s
5 371 M
( processed identically to the initial key exchange, except for the) s
5 360 M
( session identifier that will remain unchanged. It is permissible to) s
5 349 M
( change some or all of the algorithms during the re-exchange. Host) s
5 338 M
( keys can also change. All keys and initialization vectors are) s
5 327 M
( recomputed after the exchange. Compression and encryption contexts) s
5 316 M
( are reset.) s
5 283 M
( It is recommended that the keys are changed after each gigabyte of) s
5 272 M
( transmitted data or after each hour of connection time, whichever) s
5 261 M
( comes sooner. However, since the re-exchange is a public key) s
5 250 M
( operation, it requires a fair amount of processing power and should) s
5 239 M
( not be performed too often.) s
5 206 M
( More application data may be sent after the SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS packet) s
5 195 M
( has been sent; key exchange does not affect the protocols that lie) s
5 184 M
( above the SSH transport layer.) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 20]) s
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userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
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/pagenum 21 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
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5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
(9. Service Request) s
5 668 M
( After the key exchange, the client requests a service. The service is) s
5 657 M
( identified by a name. The format of names and procedures for defining) s
5 646 M
( new names are defined in [SSH-ARCH].) s
5 613 M
( Currently, the following names have been reserved:) s
5 591 M
( ssh-userauth) s
5 580 M
( ssh-connection) s
5 558 M
( Similar local naming policy is applied to the service names, as is) s
5 547 M
( applied to the algorithm names; a local service should use the) s
5 536 M
( "servicename@domain" syntax.) s
5 514 M
( byte SSH_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST) s
5 503 M
( string service name) s
5 481 M
( If the server rejects the service request, it SHOULD send an) s
5 470 M
( appropriate SSH_MSG_DISCONNECT message and MUST disconnect.) s
5 437 M
( When the service starts, it may have access to the session identifier) s
5 426 M
( generated during the key exchange.) s
5 393 M
( If the server supports the service \(and permits the client to use) s
5 382 M
( it\), it MUST respond with the following:) s
5 360 M
( byte SSH_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT) s
5 349 M
( string service name) s
5 327 M
( Message numbers used by services should be in the area reserved for) s
5 316 M
( them \(see Section 6 in [SSH-ARCH]\). The transport level will) s
5 305 M
( continue to process its own messages.) s
5 272 M
( Note that after a key exchange with implicit server authentication,) s
5 261 M
( the client MUST wait for response to its service request message) s
5 250 M
( before sending any further data.) s
5 228 M
(10. Additional Messages) s
5 206 M
( Either party may send any of the following messages at any time.) s
5 129 M
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595.000000 421.271378 translate
90 rotate
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userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
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/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
(10.1 Disconnection Message) s
5 668 M
( byte SSH_MSG_DISCONNECT) s
5 657 M
( uint32 reason code) s
5 646 M
( string description [RFC2279]) s
5 635 M
( string language tag [RFC3066]) s
5 613 M
( This message causes immediate termination of the connection. All) s
5 602 M
( implementations MUST be able to process this message; they SHOULD be) s
5 591 M
( able to send this message.) s
5 569 M
( The sender MUST NOT send or receive any data after this message, and) s
5 558 M
( the recipient MUST NOT accept any data after receiving this message.) s
5 547 M
( The description field gives a more specific explanation in a) s
5 536 M
( human-readable form. The error code gives the reason in a more) s
5 525 M
( machine-readable format \(suitable for localization\), and can have the) s
5 514 M
( following values:) s
5 492 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_HOST_NOT_ALLOWED_TO_CONNECT 1) s
5 481 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_PROTOCOL_ERROR 2) s
5 470 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED 3) s
5 459 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_RESERVED 4) s
5 448 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_MAC_ERROR 5) s
5 437 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_COMPRESSION_ERROR 6) s
5 426 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE 7) s
5 415 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_PROTOCOL_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED 8) s
5 404 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE 9) s
5 393 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_CONNECTION_LOST 10) s
5 382 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION 11) s
5 371 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_TOO_MANY_CONNECTIONS 12) s
5 360 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_AUTH_CANCELLED_BY_USER 13) s
5 349 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_NO_MORE_AUTH_METHODS_AVAILABLE 14) s
5 338 M
( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_ILLEGAL_USER_NAME 15) s
5 316 M
( If the description string is displayed, control character filtering) s
5 305 M
( discussed in [SSH-ARCH] should be used to avoid attacks by sending) s
5 294 M
( terminal control characters.) s
5 272 M
(10.2 Ignored Data Message) s
5 250 M
( byte SSH_MSG_IGNORE) s
5 239 M
( string data) s
5 217 M
( All implementations MUST understand \(and ignore\) this message at any) s
5 206 M
( time \(after receiving the protocol version\). No implementation is) s
5 195 M
( required to send them. This message can be used as an additional) s
5 184 M
( protection measure against advanced traffic analysis techniques.) s
5 129 M
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595.000000 0.271378 translate
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userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
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/pagenum 23 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
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/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
(10.3 Debug Message) s
5 668 M
( byte SSH_MSG_DEBUG) s
5 657 M
( boolean always_display) s
5 646 M
( string message [RFC2279]) s
5 635 M
( string language tag [RFC3066]) s
5 613 M
( All implementations MUST understand this message, but they are) s
5 602 M
( allowed to ignore it. This message is used to pass the other side) s
5 591 M
( information that may help debugging. If always_display is TRUE, the) s
5 580 M
( message SHOULD be displayed. Otherwise, it SHOULD NOT be displayed) s
5 569 M
( unless debugging information has been explicitly requested by the) s
5 558 M
( user.) s
5 525 M
( The message doesn't need to contain a newline. It is, however,) s
5 514 M
( allowed to consist of multiple lines separated by CRLF \(Carriage) s
5 503 M
( Return - Line Feed\) pairs.) s
5 470 M
( If the message string is displayed, terminal control character) s
5 459 M
( filtering discussed in [SSH-ARCH] should be used to avoid attacks by) s
5 448 M
( sending terminal control characters.) s
5 426 M
(10.4 Reserved Messages) s
5 404 M
( An implementation MUST respond to all unrecognized messages with an) s
5 393 M
( SSH_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED message in the order in which the messages were) s
5 382 M
( received. Such messages MUST be otherwise ignored. Later protocol) s
5 371 M
( versions may define other meanings for these message types.) s
5 349 M
( byte SSH_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED) s
5 338 M
( uint32 packet sequence number of rejected message) s
5 305 M
(11. Summary of Message Numbers) s
5 283 M
( The following message numbers have been defined in this protocol:) s
5 261 M
( #define SSH_MSG_DISCONNECT 1) s
5 250 M
( #define SSH_MSG_IGNORE 2) s
5 239 M
( #define SSH_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED 3) s
5 228 M
( #define SSH_MSG_DEBUG 4) s
5 217 M
( #define SSH_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST 5) s
5 206 M
( #define SSH_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT 6) s
5 184 M
( #define SSH_MSG_KEXINIT 20) s
5 173 M
( #define SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS 21) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 23]) s
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595.000000 421.271378 translate
90 rotate
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userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
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75 0 translate
/pagenum 24 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
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5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( /* Numbers 30-49 used for kex packets.) s
5 679 M
( Different kex methods may reuse message numbers in) s
5 668 M
( this range. */) s
5 646 M
( #define SSH_MSG_KEXDH_INIT 30) s
5 635 M
( #define SSH_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY 31) s
5 602 M
(12. IANA Considerations) s
5 580 M
( This document is part of a set, the IANA considerations for the SSH) s
5 569 M
( protocol as defined in [SSH-ARCH], [SSH-TRANS], [SSH-USERAUTH],) s
5 558 M
( [SSH-CONNECT] are detailed in [SSH-NUMBERS].) s
5 536 M
(13. Security Considerations) s
5 514 M
( This protocol provides a secure encrypted channel over an insecure) s
5 503 M
( network. It performs server host authentication, key exchange,) s
5 492 M
( encryption, and integrity protection. It also derives a unique) s
5 481 M
( session id that may be used by higher-level protocols.) s
5 459 M
( Full security considerations for this protocol are provided in) s
5 448 M
( Section 8 of [SSH-ARCH]) s
5 426 M
(14. Intellectual Property) s
5 404 M
( The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any) s
5 393 M
( intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to) s
5 382 M
( pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in) s
5 371 M
( this document or the extent to which any license under such rights) s
5 360 M
( might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it) s
5 349 M
( has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the) s
5 338 M
( IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and) s
5 327 M
( standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of) s
5 316 M
( claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of) s
5 305 M
( licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to) s
5 294 M
( obtain a general license or permission for the use of such) s
5 283 M
( proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can) s
5 272 M
( be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.) s
5 250 M
( The IETF has been notified of intellectual property rights claimed in) s
5 239 M
( regard to some or all of the specification contained in this) s
5 228 M
( document. For more information consult the online list of claimed) s
5 217 M
( rights.) s
5 195 M
(15. Additional Information) s
5 173 M
( The current document editor is: [email protected]. Comments on) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 24]) s
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userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
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/pagenum 25 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
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5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( this internet draft should be sent to the IETF SECSH working group,) s
5 679 M
( details at: http://ietf.org/html.charters/secsh-charter.html) s
5 657 M
(Normative) s
5 635 M
( [SSH-ARCH]) s
5 624 M
( Ylonen, T., "SSH Protocol Architecture", I-D) s
5 613 M
( draft-ietf-architecture-15.txt, Oct 2003.) s
5 591 M
( [SSH-TRANS]) s
5 580 M
( Ylonen, T., "SSH Transport Layer Protocol", I-D) s
5 569 M
( draft-ietf-transport-17.txt, Oct 2003.) s
5 547 M
( [SSH-USERAUTH]) s
5 536 M
( Ylonen, T., "SSH Authentication Protocol", I-D) s
5 525 M
( draft-ietf-userauth-18.txt, Oct 2003.) s
5 503 M
( [SSH-CONNECT]) s
5 492 M
( Ylonen, T., "SSH Connection Protocol", I-D) s
5 481 M
( draft-ietf-connect-18.txt, Oct 2003.) s
5 459 M
( [SSH-NUMBERS]) s
5 448 M
( Lehtinen, S. and D. Moffat, "SSH Protocol Assigned) s
5 437 M
( Numbers", I-D draft-ietf-secsh-assignednumbers-05.txt, Oct) s
5 426 M
( 2003.) s
5 404 M
( [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate) s
5 393 M
( Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.) s
5 371 M
(Informative) s
5 349 M
( [FIPS-186]) s
5 338 M
( Federal Information Processing Standards Publication,) s
5 327 M
( "FIPS PUB 186, Digital Signature Standard", May 1994.) s
5 305 M
( [FIPS-197]) s
5 294 M
( NIST, "FIPS PUB 197 Advanced Encryption Standard \(AES\)",) s
5 283 M
( November 2001.) s
5 261 M
( [FIPS-46-3]) s
5 250 M
( U.S. Dept. of Commerce, "FIPS PUB 46-3, Data Encryption) s
5 239 M
( Standard \(DES\)", October 1999.) s
5 217 M
( [RFC2459] Housley, R., Ford, W., Polk, T. and D. Solo, "Internet) s
5 206 M
( X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and CRL) s
5 195 M
( Profile", RFC 2459, January 1999.) s
5 173 M
( [RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities",) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 25]) s
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595.000000 421.271378 translate
90 rotate
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userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
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/pagenum 26 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
( STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.) s
5 668 M
( [RFC3066] Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of) s
5 657 M
( Languages", BCP 47, RFC 3066, January 2001.) s
5 635 M
( [RFC1950] Deutsch, L. and J-L. Gailly, "ZLIB Compressed Data Format) s
5 624 M
( Specification version 3.3", RFC 1950, May 1996.) s
5 602 M
( [RFC1951] Deutsch, P., "DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification) s
5 591 M
( version 1.3", RFC 1951, May 1996.) s
5 569 M
( [RFC2279] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO) s
5 558 M
( 10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.) s
5 536 M
( [RFC2104] Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M. and R. Canetti, "HMAC:) s
5 525 M
( Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication", RFC 2104,) s
5 514 M
( February 1997.) s
5 492 M
( [RFC2144] Adams, C., "The CAST-128 Encryption Algorithm", RFC 2144,) s
5 481 M
( May 1997.) s
5 459 M
( [RFC2440] Callas, J., Donnerhacke, L., Finney, H. and R. Thayer,) s
5 448 M
( "OpenPGP Message Format", RFC 2440, November 1998.) s
5 426 M
( [RFC2693] Ellison, C., Frantz, B., Lampson, B., Rivest, R., Thomas,) s
5 415 M
( B. and T. Ylonen, "SPKI Certificate Theory", RFC 2693,) s
5 404 M
( September 1999.) s
5 382 M
( [RFC3526] Kivinen, T. and M. Kojo, "More Modular Exponential \(MODP\)) s
5 371 M
( Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange \(IKE\)",) s
5 360 M
( RFC 3526, May 2003.) s
5 338 M
( [SCHNEIER]) s
5 327 M
( Schneier, B., "Applied Cryptography Second Edition:) s
5 316 M
( protocols algorithms and source in code in C", 1996.) s
5 294 M
( [TWOFISH] Schneier, B., "The Twofish Encryptions Algorithm: A) s
5 283 M
( 128-Bit Block Cipher, 1st Edition", March 1999.) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 26]) s
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595.000000 0.271378 translate
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userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
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/fname () def
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5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
(Authors' Addresses) s
5 668 M
( Tatu Ylonen) s
5 657 M
( SSH Communications Security Corp) s
5 646 M
( Fredrikinkatu 42) s
5 635 M
( HELSINKI FIN-00100) s
5 624 M
( Finland) s
5 602 M
( EMail: [email protected]) s
5 569 M
( Darren J. Moffat \(editor\)) s
5 558 M
( Sun Microsystems, Inc) s
5 547 M
( 17 Network Circle) s
5 536 M
( Menlo Park 95025) s
5 525 M
( USA) s
5 503 M
( EMail: [email protected]) s
5 481 M
(Appendix A. Contibutors) s
5 129 M
(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 27]) s
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595.000000 421.271378 translate
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userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
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/fname () def
/fdir () def
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/user_header_p false def
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5 723 M
(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
5 690 M
(Intellectual Property Statement) s
5 668 M
( The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any) s
5 657 M
( intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to) s
5 646 M
( pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in) s
5 635 M
( this document or the extent to which any license under such rights) s
5 624 M
( might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it) s
5 613 M
( has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the) s
5 602 M
( IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and) s
5 591 M
( standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of) s
5 580 M
( claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of) s
5 569 M
( licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to) s
5 558 M
( obtain a general license or permission for the use of such) s
5 547 M
( proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can) s
5 536 M
( be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.) s
5 514 M
( The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any) s
5 503 M
( copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary) s
5 492 M
( rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice) s
5 481 M
( this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive) s
5 470 M
( Director.) s
5 448 M
( The IETF has been notified of intellectual property rights claimed in) s
5 437 M
( regard to some or all of the specification contained in this) s
5 426 M
( document. For more information consult the online list of claimed) s
5 415 M
( rights.) s
5 382 M
(Full Copyright Statement) s
5 360 M
( Copyright \(C\) The Internet Society \(2003\). All Rights Reserved.) s
5 338 M
( This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to) s
5 327 M
( others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it) s
5 316 M
( or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published) s
5 305 M
( and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any) s
5 294 M
( kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are) s
5 283 M
( included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this) s
5 272 M
( document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing) s
5 261 M
( the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other) s
5 250 M
( Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of) s
5 239 M
( developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for) s
5 228 M
( copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be) s
5 217 M
( followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than) s
5 206 M
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( The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be) s
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( revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assignees.) s
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S
PStoPSsaved restore
%%Page: (28,29) 15
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 0.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
PStoPSxform concat
%%BeginPageSetup
_S
75 0 translate
/pagenum 29 def
/fname () def
/fdir () def
/ftail () def
/user_header_p false def
%%EndPageSetup
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(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s
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( This document and the information contained herein is provided on an) s
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( "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING) s
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( TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING) s
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( BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION) s
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( HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF) s
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( MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.) s
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(Acknowledgment) s
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( Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the) s
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( Internet Society.) s
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(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 29]) s
_R
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PStoPSsaved restore
userdict/PStoPSsaved save put
PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
595.000000 421.271378 translate
90 rotate
0.706651 dup scale
userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put
userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip
PStoPSxform concat
showpage
PStoPSsaved restore
%%Trailer
%%Pages: 29
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Courier-Bold Courier
%%EOF
