%%
%% %CopyrightBegin%
%%
%% Copyright Ericsson AB 1996-2013. All Rights Reserved.
%%
%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
%%
%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
%% under the License.
%%
%% %CopyrightEnd%
%%
-module(io_lib_format).
%% Formatting functions of io library.
-export([fwrite/2,fwrite_g/1,indentation/2]).
%% fwrite(Format, ArgList) -> string().
%% Format the arguments in ArgList after string Format. Just generate
%% an error if there is an error in the arguments.
%%
%% To do the printing command correctly we need to calculate the
%% current indentation for everything before it. This may be very
%% expensive, especially when it is not needed, so we first determine
%% if, and for how long, we need to calculate the indentations. We do
%% this by first collecting all the control sequences and
%% corresponding arguments, then counting the print sequences and
%% then building the output. This method has some drawbacks, it does
%% two passes over the format string and creates more temporary data,
%% and it also splits the handling of the control characters into two
%% parts.
fwrite(Format, Args) when is_atom(Format) ->
fwrite(atom_to_list(Format), Args);
fwrite(Format, Args) when is_binary(Format) ->
fwrite(binary_to_list(Format), Args);
fwrite(Format, Args) ->
Cs = collect(Format, Args),
Pc = pcount(Cs),
build(Cs, Pc, 0).
collect([$~|Fmt0], Args0) ->
{C,Fmt1,Args1} = collect_cseq(Fmt0, Args0),
[C|collect(Fmt1, Args1)];
collect([C|Fmt], Args) ->
[C|collect(Fmt, Args)];
collect([], []) -> [].
collect_cseq(Fmt0, Args0) ->
{F,Ad,Fmt1,Args1} = field_width(Fmt0, Args0),
{P,Fmt2,Args2} = precision(Fmt1, Args1),
{Pad,Fmt3,Args3} = pad_char(Fmt2, Args2),
{Encoding,Fmt4,Args4} = encoding(Fmt3, Args3),
{Strings,Fmt5,Args5} = strings(Fmt4, Args4),
{C,As,Fmt6,Args6} = collect_cc(Fmt5, Args5),
{{C,As,F,Ad,P,Pad,Encoding,Strings},Fmt6,Args6}.
encoding([$t|Fmt],Args) ->
true = hd(Fmt) =/= $l,
{unicode,Fmt,Args};
encoding(Fmt,Args) ->
{latin1,Fmt,Args}.
strings([$l|Fmt],Args) ->
true = hd(Fmt) =/= $t,
{false,Fmt,Args};
strings(Fmt,Args) ->
{true,Fmt,Args}.
field_width([$-|Fmt0], Args0) ->
{F,Fmt,Args} = field_value(Fmt0, Args0),
field_width(-F, Fmt, Args);
field_width(Fmt0, Args0) ->
{F,Fmt,Args} = field_value(Fmt0, Args0),
field_width(F, Fmt, Args).
field_width(F, Fmt, Args) when F < 0 ->
{-F,left,Fmt,Args};
field_width(F, Fmt, Args) when F >= 0 ->
{F,right,Fmt,Args}.
precision([$.|Fmt], Args) ->
field_value(Fmt, Args);
precision(Fmt, Args) ->
{none,Fmt,Args}.
field_value([$*|Fmt], [A|Args]) when is_integer(A) ->
{A,Fmt,Args};
field_value([C|Fmt], Args) when is_integer(C), C >= $0, C =< $9 ->
field_value([C|Fmt], Args, 0);
field_value(Fmt, Args) ->
{none,Fmt,Args}.
field_value([C|Fmt], Args, F) when is_integer(C), C >= $0, C =< $9 ->
field_value(Fmt, Args, 10*F + (C - $0));
field_value(Fmt, Args, F) -> %Default case
{F,Fmt,Args}.
pad_char([$.,$*|Fmt], [Pad|Args]) -> {Pad,Fmt,Args};
pad_char([$.,Pad|Fmt], Args) -> {Pad,Fmt,Args};
pad_char(Fmt, Args) -> {$\s,Fmt,Args}.
%% collect_cc([FormatChar], [Argument]) ->
%% {Control,[ControlArg],[FormatChar],[Arg]}.
%% Here we collect the argments for each control character.
%% Be explicit to cause failure early.
collect_cc([$w|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$w,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$p|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$p,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$W|Fmt], [A,Depth|Args]) -> {$W,[A,Depth],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$P|Fmt], [A,Depth|Args]) -> {$P,[A,Depth],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$s|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$s,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$e|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$e,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$f|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$f,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$g|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$g,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$b|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$b,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$B|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$B,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$x|Fmt], [A,Prefix|Args]) -> {$x,[A,Prefix],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$X|Fmt], [A,Prefix|Args]) -> {$X,[A,Prefix],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$+|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$+,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$#|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$#,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$c|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$c,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$~|Fmt], Args) when is_list(Args) -> {$~,[],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$n|Fmt], Args) when is_list(Args) -> {$n,[],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$i|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$i,[A],Fmt,Args}.
%% pcount([ControlC]) -> Count.
%% Count the number of print requests.
pcount(Cs) -> pcount(Cs, 0).
pcount([{$p,_As,_F,_Ad,_P,_Pad,_Enc,_Str}|Cs], Acc) -> pcount(Cs, Acc+1);
pcount([{$P,_As,_F,_Ad,_P,_Pad,_Enc,_Str}|Cs], Acc) -> pcount(Cs, Acc+1);
pcount([_|Cs], Acc) -> pcount(Cs, Acc);
pcount([], Acc) -> Acc.
%% build([Control], Pc, Indentation) -> string().
%% Interpret the control structures. Count the number of print
%% remaining and only calculate indentation when necessary. Must also
%% be smart when calculating indentation for characters in format.
build([{C,As,F,Ad,P,Pad,Enc,Str}|Cs], Pc0, I) ->
S = control(C, As, F, Ad, P, Pad, Enc, Str, I),
Pc1 = decr_pc(C, Pc0),
if
Pc1 > 0 -> [S|build(Cs, Pc1, indentation(S, I))];
true -> [S|build(Cs, Pc1, I)]
end;
build([$\n|Cs], Pc, _I) -> [$\n|build(Cs, Pc, 0)];
build([$\t|Cs], Pc, I) -> [$\t|build(Cs, Pc, ((I + 8) div 8) * 8)];
build([C|Cs], Pc, I) -> [C|build(Cs, Pc, I+1)];
build([], _Pc, _I) -> [].
decr_pc($p, Pc) -> Pc - 1;
decr_pc($P, Pc) -> Pc - 1;
decr_pc(_, Pc) -> Pc.
%% indentation(String, Indentation) -> Indentation.
%% Calculate the indentation of the end of a string given its start
%% indentation. We assume tabs at 8 cols.
indentation([$\n|Cs], _I) -> indentation(Cs, 0);
indentation([$\t|Cs], I) -> indentation(Cs, ((I + 8) div 8) * 8);
indentation([C|Cs], I) when is_integer(C) ->
indentation(Cs, I+1);
indentation([C|Cs], I) ->
indentation(Cs, indentation(C, I));
indentation([], I) -> I.
%% control(FormatChar, [Argument], FieldWidth, Adjust, Precision, PadChar,
%% Encoding, Indentation) -> String
%% This is the main dispatch function for the various formatting commands.
%% Field widths and precisions have already been calculated.
control($w, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) ->
term(io_lib:write(A, -1), F, Adj, P, Pad);
control($p, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, Enc, Str, I) ->
print(A, -1, F, Adj, P, Pad, Enc, Str, I);
control($W, [A,Depth], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_integer(Depth) ->
term(io_lib:write(A, Depth), F, Adj, P, Pad);
control($P, [A,Depth], F, Adj, P, Pad, Enc, Str, I) when is_integer(Depth) ->
print(A, Depth, F, Adj, P, Pad, Enc, Str, I);
control($s, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_atom(A) ->
string(atom_to_list(A), F, Adj, P, Pad);
control($s, [L0], F, Adj, P, Pad, latin1, _Str, _I) ->
L = iolist_to_chars(L0),
string(L, F, Adj, P, Pad);
control($s, [L0], F, Adj, P, Pad, unicode, _Str, _I) ->
L = cdata_to_chars(L0),
uniconv(string(L, F, Adj, P, Pad));
control($e, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_float(A) ->
fwrite_e(A, F, Adj, P, Pad);
control($f, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_float(A) ->
fwrite_f(A, F, Adj, P, Pad);
control($g, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_float(A) ->
fwrite_g(A, F, Adj, P, Pad);
control($b, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_integer(A) ->
unprefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, base(P), Pad, true);
control($B, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_integer(A) ->
unprefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, base(P), Pad, false);
control($x, [A,Prefix], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_integer(A),
is_atom(Prefix) ->
prefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, base(P), Pad, atom_to_list(Prefix), true);
control($x, [A,Prefix], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_integer(A) ->
true = io_lib:deep_char_list(Prefix), %Check if Prefix a character list
prefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, base(P), Pad, Prefix, true);
control($X, [A,Prefix], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_integer(A),
is_atom(Prefix) ->
prefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, base(P), Pad, atom_to_list(Prefix), false);
control($X, [A,Prefix], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_integer(A) ->
true = io_lib:deep_char_list(Prefix), %Check if Prefix a character list
prefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, base(P), Pad, Prefix, false);
control($+, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_integer(A) ->
Base = base(P),
Prefix = [integer_to_list(Base), $#],
prefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, Base, Pad, Prefix, true);
control($#, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_integer(A) ->
Base = base(P),
Prefix = [integer_to_list(Base), $#],
prefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, Base, Pad, Prefix, false);
control($c, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, unicode, _Str, _I) when is_integer(A) ->
char(A, F, Adj, P, Pad);
control($c, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) when is_integer(A) ->
char(A band 255, F, Adj, P, Pad);
control($~, [], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) -> char($~, F, Adj, P, Pad);
control($n, [], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) -> newline(F, Adj, P, Pad);
control($i, [_A], _F, _Adj, _P, _Pad, _Enc, _Str, _I) -> [].
-ifdef(UNICODE_AS_BINARIES).
uniconv(C) ->
unicode:characters_to_binary(C,unicode).
-else.
uniconv(C) ->
C.
-endif.
%% Default integer base
base(none) ->
10;
base(B) when is_integer(B) ->
B.
%% term(TermList, Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar)
%% Output the characters in a term.
%% Adjust the characters within the field if length less than Max padding
%% with PadChar.
term(T, none, _Adj, none, _Pad) -> T;
term(T, none, Adj, P, Pad) -> term(T, P, Adj, P, Pad);
term(T, F, Adj, P0, Pad) ->
L = lists:flatlength(T),
P = erlang:min(L, case P0 of none -> F; _ -> min(P0, F) end),
if
L > P ->
adjust(chars($*, P), chars(Pad, F-P), Adj);
F >= P ->
adjust(T, chars(Pad, F-L), Adj)
end.
%% print(Term, Depth, Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar, Encoding,
%% Indentation)
%% Print a term.
print(T, D, none, Adj, P, Pad, E, Str, I) ->
print(T, D, 80, Adj, P, Pad, E, Str, I);
print(T, D, F, Adj, none, Pad, E, Str, I) ->
print(T, D, F, Adj, I+1, Pad, E, Str, I);
print(T, D, F, right, P, _Pad, Enc, Str, _I) ->
Options = [{column, P},
{line_length, F},
{depth, D},
{encoding, Enc},
{strings, Str}],
io_lib_pretty:print(T, Options).
%% fwrite_e(Float, Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar)
fwrite_e(Fl, none, Adj, none, Pad) -> %Default values
fwrite_e(Fl, none, Adj, 6, Pad);
fwrite_e(Fl, none, _Adj, P, _Pad) when P >= 2 ->
float_e(Fl, float_data(Fl), P);
fwrite_e(Fl, F, Adj, none, Pad) ->
fwrite_e(Fl, F, Adj, 6, Pad);
fwrite_e(Fl, F, Adj, P, Pad) when P >= 2 ->
term(float_e(Fl, float_data(Fl), P), F, Adj, F, Pad).
float_e(Fl, Fd, P) when Fl < 0.0 -> %Negative numbers
[$-|float_e(-Fl, Fd, P)];
float_e(_Fl, {Ds,E}, P) ->
case float_man(Ds, 1, P-1) of
{[$0|Fs],true} -> [[$1|Fs]|float_exp(E)];
{Fs,false} -> [Fs|float_exp(E-1)]
end.
%% float_man([Digit], Icount, Dcount) -> {[Chars],CarryFlag}.
%% Generate the characters in the mantissa from the digits with Icount
%% characters before the '.' and Dcount decimals. Handle carry and let
%% caller decide what to do at top.
float_man(Ds, 0, Dc) ->
{Cs,C} = float_man(Ds, Dc),
{[$.|Cs],C};
float_man([D|Ds], I, Dc) ->
case float_man(Ds, I-1, Dc) of
{Cs,true} when D =:= $9 -> {[$0|Cs],true};
{Cs,true} -> {[D+1|Cs],false};
{Cs,false} -> {[D|Cs],false}
end;
float_man([], I, Dc) -> %Pad with 0's
{string:chars($0, I, [$.|string:chars($0, Dc)]),false}.
float_man([D|_], 0) when D >= $5 -> {[],true};
float_man([_|_], 0) -> {[],false};
float_man([D|Ds], Dc) ->
case float_man(Ds, Dc-1) of
{Cs,true} when D =:= $9 -> {[$0|Cs],true};
{Cs,true} -> {[D+1|Cs],false};
{Cs,false} -> {[D|Cs],false}
end;
float_man([], Dc) -> {string:chars($0, Dc),false}. %Pad with 0's
%% float_exp(Exponent) -> [Char].
%% Generate the exponent of a floating point number. Always include sign.
float_exp(E) when E >= 0 ->
[$e,$+|integer_to_list(E)];
float_exp(E) ->
[$e|integer_to_list(E)].
%% fwrite_f(FloatData, Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar)
fwrite_f(Fl, none, Adj, none, Pad) -> %Default values
fwrite_f(Fl, none, Adj, 6, Pad);
fwrite_f(Fl, none, _Adj, P, _Pad) when P >= 1 ->
float_f(Fl, float_data(Fl), P);
fwrite_f(Fl, F, Adj, none, Pad) ->
fwrite_f(Fl, F, Adj, 6, Pad);
fwrite_f(Fl, F, Adj, P, Pad) when P >= 1 ->
term(float_f(Fl, float_data(Fl), P), F, Adj, F, Pad).
float_f(Fl, Fd, P) when Fl < 0.0 ->
[$-|float_f(-Fl, Fd, P)];
float_f(Fl, {Ds,E}, P) when E =< 0 ->
float_f(Fl, {string:chars($0, -E+1, Ds),1}, P); %Prepend enough 0's
float_f(_Fl, {Ds,E}, P) ->
case float_man(Ds, E, P) of
{Fs,true} -> "1" ++ Fs; %Handle carry
{Fs,false} -> Fs
end.
%% float_data([FloatChar]) -> {[Digit],Exponent}
float_data(Fl) ->
float_data(float_to_list(Fl), []).
float_data([$e|E], Ds) ->
{lists:reverse(Ds),list_to_integer(E)+1};
float_data([D|Cs], Ds) when D >= $0, D =< $9 ->
float_data(Cs, [D|Ds]);
float_data([_|Cs], Ds) ->
float_data(Cs, Ds).
%% fwrite_g(Float)
%% Writes the shortest, correctly rounded string that converts
%% to Float when read back with list_to_float/1.
%%
%% See also "Printing Floating-Point Numbers Quickly and Accurately"
%% in Proceedings of the SIGPLAN '96 Conference on Programming
%% Language Design and Implementation.
fwrite_g(0.0) ->
"0.0";
fwrite_g(Float) when is_float(Float) ->
{Frac, Exp} = mantissa_exponent(Float),
{Place, Digits} = fwrite_g_1(Float, Exp, Frac),
R = insert_decimal(Place, [$0 + D || D <- Digits]),
[$- || true <- [Float < 0.0]] ++ R.
-define(BIG_POW, (1 bsl 52)).
-define(MIN_EXP, (-1074)).
mantissa_exponent(F) ->
case <<F:64/float>> of
<<_S:1, 0:11, M:52>> -> % denormalized
E = log2floor(M),
{M bsl (53 - E), E - 52 - 1075};
<<_S:1, BE:11, M:52>> when BE < 2047 ->
{M + ?BIG_POW, BE - 1075}
end.
fwrite_g_1(Float, Exp, Frac) ->
Round = (Frac band 1) =:= 0,
if
Exp >= 0 ->
BExp = 1 bsl Exp,
if
Frac =:= ?BIG_POW ->
scale(Frac * BExp * 4, 4, BExp * 2, BExp,
Round, Round, Float);
true ->
scale(Frac * BExp * 2, 2, BExp, BExp,
Round, Round, Float)
end;
Exp < ?MIN_EXP ->
BExp = 1 bsl (?MIN_EXP - Exp),
scale(Frac * 2, 1 bsl (1 - Exp), BExp, BExp,
Round, Round, Float);
Exp > ?MIN_EXP, Frac =:= ?BIG_POW ->
scale(Frac * 4, 1 bsl (2 - Exp), 2, 1,
Round, Round, Float);
true ->
scale(Frac * 2, 1 bsl (1 - Exp), 1, 1,
Round, Round, Float)
end.
scale(R, S, MPlus, MMinus, LowOk, HighOk, Float) ->
Est = int_ceil(math:log10(abs(Float)) - 1.0e-10),
%% Note that the scheme implementation uses a 326 element look-up
%% table for int_pow(10, N) where we do not.
if
Est >= 0 ->
fixup(R, S * int_pow(10, Est), MPlus, MMinus, Est,
LowOk, HighOk);
true ->
Scale = int_pow(10, -Est),
fixup(R * Scale, S, MPlus * Scale, MMinus * Scale, Est,
LowOk, HighOk)
end.
fixup(R, S, MPlus, MMinus, K, LowOk, HighOk) ->
TooLow = if
HighOk -> R + MPlus >= S;
true -> R + MPlus > S
end,
case TooLow of
true ->
{K + 1, generate(R, S, MPlus, MMinus, LowOk, HighOk)};
false ->
{K, generate(R * 10, S, MPlus * 10, MMinus * 10, LowOk, HighOk)}
end.
generate(R0, S, MPlus, MMinus, LowOk, HighOk) ->
D = R0 div S,
R = R0 rem S,
TC1 = if
LowOk -> R =< MMinus;
true -> R < MMinus
end,
TC2 = if
HighOk -> R + MPlus >= S;
true -> R + MPlus > S
end,
case {TC1, TC2} of
{false, false} ->
[D | generate(R * 10, S, MPlus * 10, MMinus * 10, LowOk, HighOk)];
{false, true} ->
[D + 1];
{true, false} ->
[D];
{true, true} when R * 2 < S ->
[D];
{true, true} ->
[D + 1]
end.
insert_decimal(0, S) ->
"0." ++ S;
insert_decimal(Place, S) ->
L = length(S),
if
Place < 0;
Place >= L ->
ExpL = integer_to_list(Place - 1),
ExpDot = if L =:= 1 -> 2; true -> 1 end,
ExpCost = length(ExpL) + 1 + ExpDot,
if
Place < 0 ->
if
2 - Place =< ExpCost ->
"0." ++ lists:duplicate(-Place, $0) ++ S;
true ->
insert_exp(ExpL, S)
end;
true ->
if
Place - L + 2 =< ExpCost ->
S ++ lists:duplicate(Place - L, $0) ++ ".0";
true ->
insert_exp(ExpL, S)
end
end;
true ->
{S0, S1} = lists:split(Place, S),
S0 ++ "." ++ S1
end.
insert_exp(ExpL, [C]) ->
[C] ++ ".0e" ++ ExpL;
insert_exp(ExpL, [C | S]) ->
[C] ++ "." ++ S ++ "e" ++ ExpL.
int_ceil(X) when is_float(X) ->
T = trunc(X),
case (X - T) of
Neg when Neg < 0 -> T;
Pos when Pos > 0 -> T + 1;
_ -> T
end.
int_pow(X, 0) when is_integer(X) ->
1;
int_pow(X, N) when is_integer(X), is_integer(N), N > 0 ->
int_pow(X, N, 1).
int_pow(X, N, R) when N < 2 ->
R * X;
int_pow(X, N, R) ->
int_pow(X * X, N bsr 1, case N band 1 of 1 -> R * X; 0 -> R end).
log2floor(Int) when is_integer(Int), Int > 0 ->
log2floor(Int, 0).
log2floor(0, N) ->
N;
log2floor(Int, N) ->
log2floor(Int bsr 1, 1 + N).
%% fwrite_g(Float, Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar)
%% Use the f form if Float is >= 0.1 and < 1.0e4,
%% and the prints correctly in the f form, else the e form.
%% Precision always means the # of significant digits.
fwrite_g(Fl, F, Adj, none, Pad) ->
fwrite_g(Fl, F, Adj, 6, Pad);
fwrite_g(Fl, F, Adj, P, Pad) when P >= 1 ->
A = abs(Fl),
E = if A < 1.0e-1 -> -2;
A < 1.0e0 -> -1;
A < 1.0e1 -> 0;
A < 1.0e2 -> 1;
A < 1.0e3 -> 2;
A < 1.0e4 -> 3;
true -> fwrite_f
end,
if P =< 1, E =:= -1;
P-1 > E, E >= -1 ->
fwrite_f(Fl, F, Adj, P-1-E, Pad);
P =< 1 ->
fwrite_e(Fl, F, Adj, 2, Pad);
true ->
fwrite_e(Fl, F, Adj, P, Pad)
end.
%% iolist_to_chars(iolist()) -> deep_char_list()
iolist_to_chars([C|Cs]) when is_integer(C), C >= $\000, C =< $\377 ->
[C | iolist_to_chars(Cs)];
iolist_to_chars([I|Cs]) ->
[iolist_to_chars(I) | iolist_to_chars(Cs)];
iolist_to_chars([]) ->
[];
iolist_to_chars(B) when is_binary(B) ->
binary_to_list(B).
%% cdata() :: clist() | cbinary()
%% clist() :: maybe_improper_list(char() | cbinary() | clist(),
%% cbinary() | nil())
%% cbinary() :: unicode:unicode_binary() | unicode:latin1_binary()
%% cdata_to_chars(cdata()) -> io_lib:deep_char_list()
cdata_to_chars([C|Cs]) when is_integer(C), C >= $\000 ->
[C | cdata_to_chars(Cs)];
cdata_to_chars([I|Cs]) ->
[cdata_to_chars(I) | cdata_to_chars(Cs)];
cdata_to_chars([]) ->
[];
cdata_to_chars(B) when is_binary(B) ->
case catch unicode:characters_to_list(B) of
L when is_list(L) -> L;
_ -> binary_to_list(B)
end.
%% string(String, Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar)
string(S, none, _Adj, none, _Pad) -> S;
string(S, F, Adj, none, Pad) ->
string_field(S, F, Adj, lists:flatlength(S), Pad);
string(S, none, _Adj, P, Pad) ->
string_field(S, P, left, lists:flatlength(S), Pad);
string(S, F, Adj, P, Pad) when F >= P ->
N = lists:flatlength(S),
if F > P ->
if N > P ->
adjust(flat_trunc(S, P), chars(Pad, F-P), Adj);
N < P ->
adjust([S|chars(Pad, P-N)], chars(Pad, F-P), Adj);
true -> % N == P
adjust(S, chars(Pad, F-P), Adj)
end;
true -> % F == P
string_field(S, F, Adj, N, Pad)
end.
string_field(S, F, _Adj, N, _Pad) when N > F ->
flat_trunc(S, F);
string_field(S, F, Adj, N, Pad) when N < F ->
adjust(S, chars(Pad, F-N), Adj);
string_field(S, _, _, _, _) -> % N == F
S.
%% unprefixed_integer(Int, Field, Adjust, Base, PadChar, Lowercase)
%% -> [Char].
unprefixed_integer(Int, F, Adj, Base, Pad, Lowercase)
when Base >= 2, Base =< 1+$Z-$A+10 ->
if Int < 0 ->
S = cond_lowercase(erlang:integer_to_list(-Int, Base), Lowercase),
term([$-|S], F, Adj, none, Pad);
true ->
S = cond_lowercase(erlang:integer_to_list(Int, Base), Lowercase),
term(S, F, Adj, none, Pad)
end.
%% prefixed_integer(Int, Field, Adjust, Base, PadChar, Prefix, Lowercase)
%% -> [Char].
prefixed_integer(Int, F, Adj, Base, Pad, Prefix, Lowercase)
when Base >= 2, Base =< 1+$Z-$A+10 ->
if Int < 0 ->
S = cond_lowercase(erlang:integer_to_list(-Int, Base), Lowercase),
term([$-,Prefix|S], F, Adj, none, Pad);
true ->
S = cond_lowercase(erlang:integer_to_list(Int, Base), Lowercase),
term([Prefix|S], F, Adj, none, Pad)
end.
%% char(Char, Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar) -> string().
char(C, none, _Adj, none, _Pad) -> [C];
char(C, F, _Adj, none, _Pad) -> chars(C, F);
char(C, none, _Adj, P, _Pad) -> chars(C, P);
char(C, F, Adj, P, Pad) when F >= P ->
adjust(chars(C, P), chars(Pad, F - P), Adj).
%% newline(Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar) -> [Char].
newline(none, _Adj, _P, _Pad) -> "\n";
newline(F, right, _P, _Pad) -> chars($\n, F).
%%
%% Utilities
%%
adjust(Data, [], _) -> Data;
adjust(Data, Pad, left) -> [Data|Pad];
adjust(Data, Pad, right) -> [Pad|Data].
%% Flatten and truncate a deep list to at most N elements.
flat_trunc(List, N) when is_integer(N), N >= 0 ->
flat_trunc(List, N, [], []).
flat_trunc(L, 0, _, R) when is_list(L) ->
lists:reverse(R);
flat_trunc([H|T], N, S, R) when is_list(H) ->
flat_trunc(H, N, [T|S], R);
flat_trunc([H|T], N, S, R) ->
flat_trunc(T, N-1, S, [H|R]);
flat_trunc([], N, [H|S], R) ->
flat_trunc(H, N, S, R);
flat_trunc([], _, [], R) ->
lists:reverse(R).
%% A deep version of string:chars/2,3
chars(_C, 0) ->
[];
chars(C, 1) ->
[C];
chars(C, 2) ->
[C,C];
chars(C, 3) ->
[C,C,C];
chars(C, N) when is_integer(N), (N band 1) =:= 0 ->
S = chars(C, N bsr 1),
[S|S];
chars(C, N) when is_integer(N) ->
S = chars(C, N bsr 1),
[C,S|S].
%chars(C, N, Tail) ->
% [chars(C, N)|Tail].
%% Lowercase conversion
cond_lowercase(String, true) ->
lowercase(String);
cond_lowercase(String,false) ->
String.
lowercase([H|T]) when is_integer(H), H >= $A, H =< $Z ->
[(H-$A+$a)|lowercase(T)];
lowercase([H|T]) ->
[H|lowercase(T)];
lowercase([]) ->
[].
