Merge branch 'sverk/big-external-creations.OTP-13488'

45 files changed, 883 insertions, 433 deletions

diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/atom.names b/erts/emulator/beam/atom.names
index 169b071cd7..2eb63febe7 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/atom.names
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/atom.names
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ atom false true
 atom Underscore='_'
 atom Noname='nonode@nohost'
 atom EOT='$end_of_table'
-atom Cookie=''
+atom Empty=''
 
 #
 # Used in the Beam emulator loop. (Smaller literals usually means tighter code.)
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/dist.c b/erts/emulator/beam/dist.c
index fa385f105d..3a6da373c3 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/dist.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/dist.c
@@ -906,9 +906,9 @@ erts_dsig_send_msg(Eterm remote, Eterm message, ErtsSendContext* ctx)
 
     if (token != NIL)
 	ctl = TUPLE4(&ctx->ctl_heap[0],
-		     make_small(DOP_SEND_TT), am_Cookie, remote, token);
+		     make_small(DOP_SEND_TT), am_Empty, remote, token);
     else
-	ctl = TUPLE3(&ctx->ctl_heap[0], make_small(DOP_SEND), am_Cookie, remote);
+	ctl = TUPLE3(&ctx->ctl_heap[0], make_small(DOP_SEND), am_Empty, remote);
     DTRACE6(message_send, sender_name, receiver_name,
             msize, tok_label, tok_lastcnt, tok_serial);
     DTRACE7(message_send_remote, sender_name, node_name, receiver_name,
@@ -963,10 +963,10 @@ erts_dsig_send_reg_msg(Eterm remote_name, Eterm message,
 
     if (token != NIL)
 	ctl = TUPLE5(&ctx->ctl_heap[0], make_small(DOP_REG_SEND_TT),
-		     sender->common.id, am_Cookie, remote_name, token);
+		     sender->common.id, am_Empty, remote_name, token);
     else
 	ctl = TUPLE4(&ctx->ctl_heap[0], make_small(DOP_REG_SEND),
-		     sender->common.id, am_Cookie, remote_name);
+		     sender->common.id, am_Empty, remote_name);
     DTRACE6(message_send, sender_name, receiver_name,
             msize, tok_label, tok_lastcnt, tok_serial);
     DTRACE7(message_send_remote, sender_name, node_name, receiver_name,
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/dist.h b/erts/emulator/beam/dist.h
index fb777d9ac1..e3ff6ebad1 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/dist.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/dist.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #define DFLAG_INTERNAL_TAGS       0x8000
 #define DFLAG_UTF8_ATOMS          0x10000
 #define DFLAG_MAP_TAG             0x20000
+#define DFLAG_BIG_CREATION        0x40000
 
 /* All flags that should be enabled when term_to_binary/1 is used. */
 #define TERM_TO_BINARY_DFLAGS (DFLAG_EXTENDED_REFERENCES	\
@@ -51,7 +52,8 @@
 			       | DFLAG_EXTENDED_PIDS_PORTS	\
 			       | DFLAG_EXPORT_PTR_TAG		\
 			       | DFLAG_BIT_BINARIES             \
-			       | DFLAG_MAP_TAG)
+			       | DFLAG_MAP_TAG                  \
+                               | DFLAG_BIG_CREATION)
 
 /* opcodes used in distribution messages */
 #define DOP_LINK		1
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.c
index 8617f42d7b..79da705e0f 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.c
@@ -497,31 +497,7 @@ node_table_hash(void *venp)
     Uint32 cre = ((ErlNode *) venp)->creation;
     HashValue h = atom_tab(atom_val(((ErlNode *) venp)->sysname))->slot.bucket.hvalue;
 
-    h *= PRIME0;
-    h += cre & 0xff;
-
-#if MAX_CREATION >= (1 << 8)
-    h *= PRIME1;
-    h += (cre >> 8) & 0xff;
-#endif
-
-#if MAX_CREATION >= (1 << 16)
-    h *= PRIME2;
-    h += (cre >> 16) & 0xff;
-#endif
-
-#if MAX_CREATION >= (1 << 24)
-    h *= PRIME3;
-    h += (cre >> 24) & 0xff;
-#endif
-
-#if 0
-/* XXX Problems in older versions of GCC */
- #if MAX_CREATION >= (1UL << 32)
- #error "MAX_CREATION larger than size of expected creation storage (Uint32)"
- #endif
-#endif
-    return h;
+    return (h + cre) * PRIME0;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -599,7 +575,7 @@ erts_node_table_info(int to, void *to_arg)
 }
 
 
-ErlNode *erts_find_or_insert_node(Eterm sysname, Uint creation)
+ErlNode *erts_find_or_insert_node(Eterm sysname, Uint32 creation)
 {
     ErlNode *res;
     ErlNode ne;
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.h
index fb2f2a5407..2b93f1f08a 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.h
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ Uint erts_dist_table_size(void);
 void erts_dist_table_info(int, void *);
 void erts_set_dist_entry_not_connected(DistEntry *);
 void erts_set_dist_entry_connected(DistEntry *, Eterm, Uint);
-ErlNode *erts_find_or_insert_node(Eterm, Uint);
+ErlNode *erts_find_or_insert_node(Eterm, Uint32);
 void erts_schedule_delete_node(ErlNode *);
 void erts_set_this_node(Eterm, Uint);
 Uint erts_node_table_size(void);
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_term.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_term.h
index 0a71534790..fc58853b5e 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_term.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_term.h
@@ -558,14 +558,6 @@ _ET_DECLARE_CHECKED(Eterm*,tuple_val,Wterm)
 
 #define _GETBITS(X,Pos,Size) (((X) >> (Pos)) & ~(~((Uint) 0) << (Size)))
 
-/*
- * Creation in node specific data (pids, ports, refs)
- */
-
-#define _CRE_SIZE  		2
-
-/* MAX value for the creation field in pid, port and reference */
-#define MAX_CREATION	(1 << _CRE_SIZE)
 
 /*
  *  PID layout (internal pids):
@@ -579,7 +571,7 @@ _ET_DECLARE_CHECKED(Eterm*,tuple_val,Wterm)
  *
  *  n : number
  *
- *  Old pid layout:
+ *  Very old pid layout:
  *
  *   |3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2|2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1|1 1 1 1 1 1    |               |
  *   |1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4|3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6|5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_vm.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_vm.h
index 98f27a1725..357094633e 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_vm.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_vm.h
@@ -165,7 +165,6 @@ extern int erts_atom_table_size;/* Atom table size */
 extern int erts_pd_initial_size;/* Initial Process dictionary table size */
 
 #define ORIG_CREATION 0
-#define INTERNAL_CREATION 255
 
 /* macros for extracting bytes from uint16's */
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/external.c b/erts/emulator/beam/external.c
index 10f03636ec..5ea155f83f 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/external.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/external.c
@@ -51,7 +51,18 @@
 
 #define MAX_STRING_LEN 0xffff
 
-#define is_valid_creation(Cre) ((unsigned)(Cre) < MAX_CREATION || (Cre) == INTERNAL_CREATION)
+/* MAX value for the creation field in pid, port and reference
+   for the local node and for the current external format.
+
+   Larger creation values than this are allowed in external pid, port and refs
+   encoded with NEW_PID_EXT, NEW_PORT_EXT and NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT.
+   The point here is to prepare for future upgrade to 32-bit creation.
+   OTP-19 (erts-8.0) can handle big creation values from other (newer) nodes,
+   but do not use big creation values for the local node yet,
+   as we still may have to communicate with older nodes.
+*/
+#define ERTS_MAX_LOCAL_CREATION (3)
+#define is_valid_creation(Cre) ((unsigned)(Cre) <= ERTS_MAX_LOCAL_CREATION)
 
 #undef ERTS_DEBUG_USE_DIST_SEP
 #ifdef DEBUG
@@ -97,7 +108,7 @@ static byte* enc_pid(ErtsAtomCacheMap *, Eterm, byte*, Uint32);
 struct B2TContext_t;
 static byte* dec_term(ErtsDistExternal*, ErtsHeapFactory*, byte*, Eterm*, struct B2TContext_t*);
 static byte* dec_atom(ErtsDistExternal *, byte*, Eterm*);
-static byte* dec_pid(ErtsDistExternal *, ErtsHeapFactory*, byte*, Eterm*);
+static byte* dec_pid(ErtsDistExternal *, ErtsHeapFactory*, byte*, Eterm*, byte tag);
 static Sint decoded_size(byte *ep, byte* endp, int internal_tags, struct B2TContext_t*);
 static BIF_RETTYPE term_to_binary_trap_1(BIF_ALIST_1);
 
@@ -2152,12 +2163,13 @@ static byte*
 enc_pid(ErtsAtomCacheMap *acmp, Eterm pid, byte* ep, Uint32 dflags)
 {
     Uint on, os;
+    Eterm sysname = ((is_internal_pid(pid) && (dflags & DFLAG_INTERNAL_TAGS))
+		      ? am_Empty : pid_node_name(pid));
+    Uint32 creation = pid_creation(pid);
+    byte* tagp = ep++;
 
-    *ep++ = PID_EXT;
     /* insert  atom here containing host and sysname  */
-    ep = enc_atom(acmp, pid_node_name(pid), ep, dflags);
-
-    /* two bytes for each number and serial */
+    ep = enc_atom(acmp, sysname, ep, dflags);
 
     on = pid_number(pid);
     os = pid_serial(pid);
@@ -2166,8 +2178,15 @@ enc_pid(ErtsAtomCacheMap *acmp, Eterm pid, byte* ep, Uint32 dflags)
     ep += 4;
     put_int32(os, ep);
     ep += 4;
-    *ep++ = (is_internal_pid(pid) && (dflags & DFLAG_INTERNAL_TAGS)) ?
-	INTERNAL_CREATION : pid_creation(pid);
+    if (creation <= ERTS_MAX_LOCAL_CREATION) {
+        *tagp = PID_EXT;
+        *ep++ = creation;
+    } else {
+        ASSERT(is_external_pid(pid));
+        *tagp = NEW_PID_EXT;
+        put_int32(creation, ep);
+        ep += 4;
+    }
     return ep;
 }
 
@@ -2247,27 +2266,27 @@ dec_atom(ErtsDistExternal *edep, byte* ep, Eterm* objp)
     return ep;
 }
 
-static ERTS_INLINE ErlNode* dec_get_node(Eterm sysname, Uint creation)
+static ERTS_INLINE ErlNode* dec_get_node(Eterm sysname, Uint32 creation)
 {
-    switch (creation) {
-    case INTERNAL_CREATION:
+    if (sysname == am_Empty)  /* && DFLAG_INTERNAL_TAGS */
 	return erts_this_node;
-    case ORIG_CREATION:
-	if (sysname == erts_this_node->sysname) {
-	    creation = erts_this_node->creation;
-	}
-    }
+
+    if (sysname == erts_this_node->sysname
+	&& (creation == erts_this_node->creation || creation == ORIG_CREATION))
+	return erts_this_node;
+
     return erts_find_or_insert_node(sysname,creation);
 }
 
 static byte*
-dec_pid(ErtsDistExternal *edep, ErtsHeapFactory* factory, byte* ep, Eterm* objp)
+dec_pid(ErtsDistExternal *edep, ErtsHeapFactory* factory, byte* ep,
+        Eterm* objp, byte tag)
 {
     Eterm sysname;
     Uint data;
     Uint num;
     Uint ser;
-    Uint cre;
+    Uint32 cre;
     ErlNode *node;
 
     *objp = NIL;		/* In case we fail, don't leave a hole in the heap */
@@ -2283,12 +2302,19 @@ dec_pid(ErtsDistExternal *edep, ErtsHeapFactory* factory, byte* ep, Eterm* objp)
     ep += 4;
     if (ser > ERTS_MAX_PID_SERIAL)
 	return NULL;
-    cre = get_int8(ep);
-    ep += 1;
 
-    if (!is_valid_creation(cre)) {
-	return NULL;
+    if (tag == PID_EXT) {
+        cre = get_int8(ep);
+        ep += 1;
+        if (!is_valid_creation(cre)) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    } else {
+        ASSERT(tag == NEW_PID_EXT);
+        cre = get_int32(ep);
+        ep += 4;
     }
+
     data = make_pid_data(ser, num);
 
     /*
@@ -2528,16 +2554,26 @@ enc_term_int(TTBEncodeContext* ctx, ErtsAtomCacheMap *acmp, Eterm obj, byte* ep,
 	case REF_DEF:
 	case EXTERNAL_REF_DEF: {
 	    Uint32 *ref_num;
+	    Eterm sysname = (((dflags & DFLAG_INTERNAL_TAGS) && is_internal_ref(obj))
+			     ? am_Empty : ref_node_name(obj));
+            Uint32 creation = ref_creation(obj);
+            byte* tagp = ep++;
 
 	    ASSERT(dflags & DFLAG_EXTENDED_REFERENCES);
 
-	    *ep++ = NEW_REFERENCE_EXT;
 	    i = ref_no_of_numbers(obj);
 	    put_int16(i, ep);
 	    ep += 2;
-	    ep = enc_atom(acmp,ref_node_name(obj),ep,dflags);
-	    *ep++ = ((dflags & DFLAG_INTERNAL_TAGS) && is_internal_ref(obj)) ?
-		INTERNAL_CREATION : ref_creation(obj);
+	    ep = enc_atom(acmp, sysname, ep, dflags);
+            if (creation <= ERTS_MAX_LOCAL_CREATION) {
+                *tagp = NEW_REFERENCE_EXT;
+                *ep++ = creation;
+            } else {
+                ASSERT(is_external_ref(obj));
+                *tagp = NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT;
+                put_int32(creation, ep);
+                ep += 4;
+            }
 	    ref_num = ref_numbers(obj);
 	    for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
 		put_int32(ref_num[j], ep);
@@ -2546,17 +2582,27 @@ enc_term_int(TTBEncodeContext* ctx, ErtsAtomCacheMap *acmp, Eterm obj, byte* ep,
 	    break;
 	}
 	case PORT_DEF:
-	case EXTERNAL_PORT_DEF:
+	case EXTERNAL_PORT_DEF: {
+	    Eterm sysname = (((dflags & DFLAG_INTERNAL_TAGS) && is_internal_port(obj))
+			     ? am_Empty : port_node_name(obj));
+            Uint32 creation = port_creation(obj);
+            byte* tagp = ep++;
 
-	    *ep++ = PORT_EXT;
-	    ep = enc_atom(acmp,port_node_name(obj),ep,dflags);
+	    ep = enc_atom(acmp, sysname, ep, dflags);
 	    j = port_number(obj);
 	    put_int32(j, ep);
 	    ep += 4;
-	    *ep++ = ((dflags & DFLAG_INTERNAL_TAGS) && is_internal_port(obj)) ?
-		INTERNAL_CREATION : port_creation(obj);
+            if (creation <= ERTS_MAX_LOCAL_CREATION) {
+                *tagp = PORT_EXT;
+                *ep++ = creation;
+            } else {
+                ASSERT(is_external_port(obj));
+                *tagp = NEW_PORT_EXT;
+                put_int32(creation, ep);
+                ep += 4;
+            }
 	    break;
-
+	}
 	case LIST_DEF:
 	    {
 		int is_str;
@@ -3260,20 +3306,23 @@ dec_term_atom_common:
 		hp += FLOAT_SIZE_OBJECT;
 		break;
 	    }
-	case PID_EXT:
+        case PID_EXT:
+        case NEW_PID_EXT:
 	    factory->hp = hp;
-	    ep = dec_pid(edep, factory, ep, objp);
+	    ep = dec_pid(edep, factory, ep, objp, ep[-1]);
 	    hp = factory->hp;
 	    if (ep == NULL) {
 		goto error;
 	    }
 	    break;
-	case PORT_EXT:
+        case PORT_EXT:
+        case NEW_PORT_EXT:
 	    {
 		Eterm sysname;
 		ErlNode *node;
 		Uint num;
-		Uint cre;
+		Uint32 cre;
+                byte tag = ep[-1];
 
 		if ((ep = dec_atom(edep, ep, &sysname)) == NULL) {
 		    goto error;
@@ -3282,12 +3331,17 @@ dec_term_atom_common:
 		    goto error;
 		}
 		ep += 4;
-		cre = get_int8(ep);
-		ep++;
-		if (!is_valid_creation(cre)) {
-		    goto error;
-		}
-
+                if (tag == PORT_EXT) {
+                    cre = get_int8(ep);
+                    ep++;
+                    if (!is_valid_creation(cre)) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    cre = get_int32(ep);
+                    ep += 4;
+                }
 		node = dec_get_node(sysname, cre);
 		if(node == erts_this_node) {
 		    *objp = make_internal_port(num);
@@ -3312,7 +3366,7 @@ dec_term_atom_common:
 		Eterm sysname;
 		ErlNode *node;
 		int i;
-		Uint cre;
+		Uint32 cre;
 		Uint32 *ref_num;
 		Uint32 r0;
 		Uint ref_words;
@@ -3336,9 +3390,6 @@ dec_term_atom_common:
 		ref_words = get_int16(ep);
 		ep += 2;
 
-		if (ref_words > ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS)
-		    goto error;
-
 		if ((ep = dec_atom(edep, ep, &sysname)) == NULL)
 		    goto error;
 
@@ -3351,8 +3402,23 @@ dec_term_atom_common:
 		ep += 4;
 		if (r0 >= MAX_REFERENCE)
 		    goto error;
+		goto ref_ext_common;
+
+            case NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT:
+		ref_words = get_int16(ep);
+		ep += 2;
+
+		if ((ep = dec_atom(edep, ep, &sysname)) == NULL)
+		    goto error;
+
+		cre = get_int32(ep);
+		ep += 4;
+		r0 = get_int32(ep); /* allow full word */
+		ep += 4;
 
 	    ref_ext_common:
+		if (ref_words > ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS)
+		    goto error;
 
 		node = dec_get_node(sysname, cre);
 		if(node == erts_this_node) {
@@ -3706,9 +3772,9 @@ dec_term_atom_common:
 		*objp = make_fun(funp);
 
 		/* Creator pid */
-		if (*ep != PID_EXT 
-		    || (ep = dec_pid(edep, factory, ++ep,
-				     &funp->creator))==NULL) { 
+		if ((*ep != PID_EXT && *ep != NEW_PID_EXT)
+		    || (ep = dec_pid(edep, factory, ep+1,
+				     &funp->creator, *ep))==NULL) {
 		    goto error;
 		}
 
@@ -4010,20 +4076,29 @@ encode_size_struct_int(TTBSizeContext* ctx, ErtsAtomCacheMap *acmp, Eterm obj,
 	    else
 		result += 1 + 4 + 1 + i;  /* tag,size,sign,digits */
 	    break;
+        case EXTERNAL_PID_DEF:
+            if (external_pid_creation(obj) > ERTS_MAX_LOCAL_CREATION)
+                result += 3;
+            /*fall through*/
 	case PID_DEF:
-	case EXTERNAL_PID_DEF:
 	    result += (1 + encode_size_struct2(acmp, pid_node_name(obj), dflags) +
 		       4 + 4 + 1);
 	    break;
+        case EXTERNAL_REF_DEF:
+            if (external_ref_creation(obj) > ERTS_MAX_LOCAL_CREATION)
+                result += 3;
+            /*fall through*/
 	case REF_DEF:
-	case EXTERNAL_REF_DEF:
 	    ASSERT(dflags & DFLAG_EXTENDED_REFERENCES);
 	    i = ref_no_of_numbers(obj);
 	    result += (1 + 2 + encode_size_struct2(acmp, ref_node_name(obj), dflags) +
 		       1 + 4*i);
 	    break;
-	case PORT_DEF:
-	case EXTERNAL_PORT_DEF:
+        case EXTERNAL_PORT_DEF:
+            if (external_port_creation(obj) > ERTS_MAX_LOCAL_CREATION)
+                result += 3;
+            /*fall through*/
+        case PORT_DEF:
 	    result += (1 + encode_size_struct2(acmp, port_node_name(obj), dflags) +
 		      4 + 1);
 	    break;
@@ -4350,19 +4425,22 @@ init_done:
 	    SKIP(1+atom_extra_skip);
 	    atom_extra_skip = 0;
 	    break;
-	case PID_EXT:
+        case PID_EXT:
+        case NEW_PID_EXT:
 	    atom_extra_skip = 9;
 	    /* In case it is an external pid */
 	    heap_size += EXTERNAL_THING_HEAD_SIZE + 1;
 	    terms++;
 	    break;
-	case PORT_EXT:
+        case PORT_EXT:
+        case NEW_PORT_EXT:
 	    atom_extra_skip = 5;
 	    /* In case it is an external port */
 	    heap_size += EXTERNAL_THING_HEAD_SIZE + 1;
 	    terms++;
 	    break;
-	case NEW_REFERENCE_EXT:
+        case NEW_REFERENCE_EXT:
+	case NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT:
 	    {
 		int id_words;
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/external.h b/erts/emulator/beam/external.h
index 87eff2fe9f..49198fb47f 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/external.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/external.h
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
  * %CopyrightEnd%
  */
 
-/* Same order as the ordering of terms in erlang */
-
 /* Since there are 255 different External tag values to choose from
    There is no reason to not be extravagant.
    Hence, the different tags for large/small tuple e.t.c
@@ -37,9 +35,12 @@
 #define SMALL_ATOM_EXT    's'
 #define REFERENCE_EXT     'e'
 #define NEW_REFERENCE_EXT 'r'
+#define NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT 'Z'
 #define PORT_EXT          'f'
+#define NEW_PORT_EXT      'Y'
 #define NEW_FLOAT_EXT     'F'
 #define PID_EXT           'g'
+#define NEW_PID_EXT       'X'
 #define SMALL_TUPLE_EXT   'h'
 #define LARGE_TUPLE_EXT   'i'
 #define NIL_EXT           'j'
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/node_container_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/node_container_SUITE.erl
index 662e5423b9..d1f90c952a 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/node_container_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/node_container_SUITE.erl
@@ -124,7 +124,13 @@ term_to_binary_to_term_eq(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     LHLRef = binary_to_term(term_to_binary(LHLRef)),
     LSRef = binary_to_term(term_to_binary(LSRef)),
     % Get remote node containers
-    RNode = {get_nodename(), 3},
+    ttbtteq_do_remote({get_nodename(), 3}),
+    ttbtteq_do_remote({get_nodename(), 4}),
+    ttbtteq_do_remote({get_nodename(), 16#adec0ded}),
+    nc_refc_check(node()),
+    ok.
+
+ttbtteq_do_remote(RNode) ->
     RPid = mk_pid(RNode, 4711, 1),
     RXPid = mk_pid(RNode, 32767, 8191),
     RPort = mk_port(RNode, 4711),
@@ -140,7 +146,6 @@ term_to_binary_to_term_eq(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     RLRef = binary_to_term(term_to_binary(RLRef)),
     RHLRef = binary_to_term(term_to_binary(RHLRef)),
     RSRef = binary_to_term(term_to_binary(RSRef)),
-    nc_refc_check(node()),
     ok.
 
 
@@ -805,7 +810,7 @@ bad_nc(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     = (catch mk_ref(RemNode, [(1 bsl 18), 4711, 4711])),
     {'EXIT', {badarg, mk_ref, _}}
     = (catch mk_ref(RemNode, [4711, 4711, 4711, 4711, 4711, 4711, 4711])),
-    BadNode = {x@y, 4},
+    BadNode = {x@y, bad_creation},
     {'EXIT', {badarg, mk_pid, _}}
     = (catch mk_pid(BadNode, 4711, 17)),
     {'EXIT', {badarg, mk_port, _}}
@@ -1108,6 +1113,9 @@ get_nodename() ->
 -define(PORT_EXT,            102).
 -define(PID_EXT,             103).
 -define(NEW_REFERENCE_EXT,   114).
+-define(NEW_PID_EXT,         $X).
+-define(NEW_PORT_EXT,        $Y).
+-define(NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT, $Z).
 
 uint32_be(Uint) when is_integer(Uint), 0 =< Uint, Uint < 1 bsl 32 ->
     [(Uint bsr 24) band 16#ff,
@@ -1130,51 +1138,65 @@ uint8(Uint) ->
     exit({badarg, uint8, [Uint]}).
 
 
+pid_tag(bad_creation) -> ?PID_EXT;
+pid_tag(Creation) when Creation =< 3 -> ?PID_EXT;
+pid_tag(_Creation) -> ?NEW_PID_EXT.
+
+enc_creation(bad_creation) -> uint8(4);
+enc_creation(Creation) when Creation =< 3 -> uint8(Creation);
+enc_creation(Creation) -> uint32_be(Creation).
 
 mk_pid({NodeName, Creation}, Number, Serial) when is_atom(NodeName) ->
     mk_pid({atom_to_list(NodeName), Creation}, Number, Serial);
 mk_pid({NodeName, Creation}, Number, Serial) ->
     case catch binary_to_term(list_to_binary([?VERSION_MAGIC,
-                                              ?PID_EXT,
-                                              ?ATOM_EXT,
-                                              uint16_be(length(NodeName)),
-                                              NodeName,
-                                              uint32_be(Number),
-                                              uint32_be(Serial),
-                                              uint8(Creation)])) of
-        Pid when is_pid(Pid) ->
-            Pid;
-        {'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
-            exit({badarg, mk_pid, [{NodeName, Creation}, Number, Serial]});
-        Other ->
-            exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
+					      pid_tag(Creation),
+					      ?ATOM_EXT,
+					      uint16_be(length(NodeName)),
+					      NodeName,
+					      uint32_be(Number),
+					      uint32_be(Serial),
+					      enc_creation(Creation)])) of
+	Pid when is_pid(Pid) ->
+	    Pid;
+	{'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
+	    exit({badarg, mk_pid, [{NodeName, Creation}, Number, Serial]});
+	Other ->
+	    exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
     end.
 
+port_tag(bad_creation) -> ?PORT_EXT;
+port_tag(Creation) when Creation =< 3 -> ?PORT_EXT;
+port_tag(_Creation) -> ?NEW_PORT_EXT.
+
 mk_port({NodeName, Creation}, Number) when is_atom(NodeName) ->
     mk_port({atom_to_list(NodeName), Creation}, Number);
 mk_port({NodeName, Creation}, Number) ->
     case catch binary_to_term(list_to_binary([?VERSION_MAGIC,
-                                              ?PORT_EXT,
-                                              ?ATOM_EXT,
-                                              uint16_be(length(NodeName)),
-                                              NodeName,
-                                              uint32_be(Number),
-                                              uint8(Creation)])) of
-        Port when is_port(Port) ->
-            Port;
-        {'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
-            exit({badarg, mk_port, [{NodeName, Creation}, Number]});
-        Other ->
-            exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
+					      port_tag(Creation),
+					      ?ATOM_EXT,
+					      uint16_be(length(NodeName)),
+					      NodeName,
+					      uint32_be(Number),
+					      enc_creation(Creation)])) of
+	Port when is_port(Port) ->
+	    Port;
+	{'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
+	    exit({badarg, mk_port, [{NodeName, Creation}, Number]});
+	Other ->
+	    exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
     end.
 
+ref_tag(bad_creation) -> ?NEW_REFERENCE_EXT;
+ref_tag(Creation) when Creation =< 3 -> ?NEW_REFERENCE_EXT;
+ref_tag(_Creation) -> ?NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT.
+
 mk_ref({NodeName, Creation}, Numbers) when is_atom(NodeName),
-                                           is_integer(Creation),
-                                           is_list(Numbers) ->
+					   is_list(Numbers) ->
     mk_ref({atom_to_list(NodeName), Creation}, Numbers);
 mk_ref({NodeName, Creation}, [Number]) when is_list(NodeName),
-                                            is_integer(Creation),
-                                            is_integer(Number) ->
+					    Creation =< 3,
+					    is_integer(Number) ->
     case catch binary_to_term(list_to_binary([?VERSION_MAGIC,
                                               ?REFERENCE_EXT,
                                               ?ATOM_EXT,
@@ -1190,25 +1212,24 @@ mk_ref({NodeName, Creation}, [Number]) when is_list(NodeName),
             exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
     end;
 mk_ref({NodeName, Creation}, Numbers) when is_list(NodeName),
-                                           is_integer(Creation),
-                                           is_list(Numbers) ->
+					   is_list(Numbers) ->
     case catch binary_to_term(list_to_binary([?VERSION_MAGIC,
-                                              ?NEW_REFERENCE_EXT,
-                                              uint16_be(length(Numbers)),
-                                              ?ATOM_EXT,
-                                              uint16_be(length(NodeName)),
-                                              NodeName,
-                                              uint8(Creation),
-                                              lists:map(fun (N) ->
-                                                                uint32_be(N)
-                                                        end,
-                                                        Numbers)])) of
-        Ref when is_reference(Ref) ->
-            Ref;
-        {'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
-            exit({badarg, mk_ref, [{NodeName, Creation}, Numbers]});
-        Other ->
-            exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
+					      ref_tag(Creation),
+					      uint16_be(length(Numbers)),
+					      ?ATOM_EXT,
+					      uint16_be(length(NodeName)),
+					      NodeName,
+					      enc_creation(Creation),
+					      lists:map(fun (N) ->
+								uint32_be(N)
+							end,
+							Numbers)])) of
+	Ref when is_reference(Ref) ->
+	    Ref;
+	{'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
+	    exit({badarg, mk_ref, [{NodeName, Creation}, Numbers]});
+	Other ->
+	    exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
     end.
 
 exec_loop() ->
diff --git a/lib/common_test/test_server/ts.config b/lib/common_test/test_server/ts.config
index cf3d269616..d05e4885fc 100644
--- a/lib/common_test/test_server/ts.config
+++ b/lib/common_test/test_server/ts.config
@@ -44,3 +44,7 @@
 %			{295,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
 %			["dummy6-ip6"]
 %		       }}.
+
+%% Used by erl_interface tests
+%% Known hostname with an unreachable ip
+%{test_host_not_reachable, "ghost.mydomain.com"}.
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/include/ei.h b/lib/erl_interface/include/ei.h
index c1dbc8470d..80815d42d4 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/include/ei.h
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/include/ei.h
@@ -121,8 +121,11 @@
 #define ERL_SMALL_ATOM_UTF8_EXT 'w'
 #define ERL_REFERENCE_EXT     'e'
 #define ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT 'r'
+#define ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT 'Z'
 #define ERL_PORT_EXT          'f'
+#define ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT      'Y'
 #define ERL_PID_EXT           'g'
+#define ERL_NEW_PID_EXT       'X'
 #define ERL_SMALL_TUPLE_EXT   'h'
 #define ERL_LARGE_TUPLE_EXT   'i'
 #define ERL_NIL_EXT           'j'
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/include/erl_interface.h b/lib/erl_interface/include/erl_interface.h
index 3f9804da7d..e1fabc8298 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/include/erl_interface.h
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/include/erl_interface.h
@@ -211,14 +211,14 @@ typedef struct {
   Erl_Atom_data node;
   unsigned int number;
   unsigned int serial;
-  unsigned char creation;
+  unsigned int creation;
 } Erl_Pid;
 
 typedef struct {    
   Erl_Header h;
   Erl_Atom_data node;
   unsigned int number;
-  unsigned char creation;
+  unsigned int creation;
 } Erl_Port;
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ typedef struct {
   Erl_Atom_data node;
   int len;
   unsigned int n[3];
-  unsigned char creation;
+  unsigned int creation;
 } Erl_Ref;
 
 typedef struct {
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/connect/ei_connect.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/connect/ei_connect.c
index 7b1b2810bb..f2531de5bd 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/connect/ei_connect.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/connect/ei_connect.c
@@ -1342,7 +1342,8 @@ static int send_name_or_challenge(int fd, char *nodename,
                 | DFLAG_NEW_FLOATS
 		| DFLAG_SMALL_ATOM_TAGS
 		| DFLAG_UTF8_ATOMS
-		| DFLAG_MAP_TAG));
+		| DFLAG_MAP_TAG
+		| DFLAG_BIG_CREATION));
     if (f_chall)
 	put32be(s, challenge);
     memcpy(s, nodename, strlen(nodename));
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/connect/ei_connect_int.h b/lib/erl_interface/src/connect/ei_connect_int.h
index efb6719a1d..12e089f60e 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/connect/ei_connect_int.h
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/connect/ei_connect_int.h
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ extern int h_errno;
 #define DFLAG_SMALL_ATOM_TAGS     0x4000
 #define DFLAG_UTF8_ATOMS          0x10000
 #define DFLAG_MAP_TAG             0x20000
+#define DFLAG_BIG_CREATION        0x40000
 
 ei_cnode   *ei_fd_to_cnode(int fd);
 int         ei_distversion(int fd);
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_pid.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_pid.c
index 7fbb818b31..e5750caba6 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_pid.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_pid.c
@@ -27,18 +27,22 @@ int ei_decode_pid(const char *buf, int *index, erlang_pid *p)
 {
   const char *s = buf + *index;
   const char *s0 = s;
+  const char tag = get8(s);
   
-  if (get8(s) != ERL_PID_EXT) return -1;
+  if (tag != ERL_PID_EXT && tag != ERL_NEW_PID_EXT) return -1;
 
   if (p) {
     if (get_atom(&s, p->node, NULL) < 0) return -1;
     p->num = get32be(s) & 0x7fff; /* 15 bits */
     p->serial = get32be(s) & 0x1fff; /* 13 bits */
-    p->creation = get8(s) & 0x03; /* 2 bits */
+    if (tag == ERL_PID_EXT)
+        p->creation = get8(s) & 0x03; /* 2 bits */
+    else
+        p->creation = get32be(s); /* 32 bits */
   }
   else {
       if (get_atom(&s, NULL, NULL) < 0) return -1;
-      s+= 9;
+      s+= (tag == ERL_PID_EXT ? 9 : 12);
   }
   
   *index += s-s0;
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_port.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_port.c
index e039b5b845..7b61f254ff 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_port.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_port.c
@@ -26,17 +26,21 @@ int ei_decode_port(const char *buf, int *index, erlang_port *p)
 {
   const char *s = buf + *index;
   const char *s0 = s;
+  const char tag = get8(s);
   
-  if (get8(s) != ERL_PORT_EXT) return -1;
+  if (tag != ERL_PORT_EXT && tag != ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT) return -1;
 
   if (p) {
     if (get_atom(&s, p->node, NULL) < 0) return -1;
     p->id = get32be(s) & 0x0fffffff /* 28 bits */;
-    p->creation = get8(s) & 0x03;
+    if (tag == ERL_PORT_EXT)
+        p->creation = get8(s) & 0x03;
+    else
+        p->creation = get32be(s);
   }
   else {
       if (get_atom(&s, NULL, NULL) < 0) return -1;
-      s += 5;
+      s += (tag == ERL_PORT_EXT ? 5 : 8);
   }
   
   *index += s-s0;
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_ref.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_ref.c
index a6b87e5a21..b8e1ebfedd 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_ref.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_ref.c
@@ -28,8 +28,9 @@ int ei_decode_ref(const char *buf, int *index, erlang_ref *p)
   const char *s = buf + *index;
   const char *s0 = s;
   int count, i;
+  const char tag = get8(s);
   
-  switch (get8(s)) {
+  switch (tag) {
     case ERL_REFERENCE_EXT:
       if (p) {
 	  if (get_atom(&s, p->node, NULL) < 0) return -1;
@@ -47,18 +48,23 @@ int ei_decode_ref(const char *buf, int *index, erlang_ref *p)
       return 0;
       break;
       
-    case ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT:
+  case ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT:
+  case ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT:
+
       /* first the integer count */
       count = get16be(s);
 
       if (p) {
 	  p->len = count;
 	  if (get_atom(&s, p->node, NULL) < 0) return -1;
-	  p->creation = get8(s) & 0x03;
+          if (tag == ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT)
+              p->creation = get8(s) & 0x03;
+          else
+              p->creation = get32be(s);
       }
       else {
 	  if (get_atom(&s, NULL, NULL) < 0) return -1;
-	  s += 1;
+	  s += (tag == ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT ? 1 : 4);
       }
 
       /* finally the id integers */
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_skip.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_skip.c
index d49ae0007f..4ba94a658a 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_skip.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/decode/decode_skip.c
@@ -35,12 +35,15 @@ int ei_skip_term(const char* buf, int* index)
 			      NULL, NULL) < 0) return -1;
 	break;
     case ERL_PID_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEW_PID_EXT:
 	if (ei_decode_pid(buf, index, NULL) < 0) return -1;
 	break;
     case ERL_PORT_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT:
 	if (ei_decode_port(buf, index, NULL) < 0) return -1;
 	break;
     case ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT:
     case ERL_REFERENCE_EXT:
 	if (ei_decode_ref(buf, index, NULL) < 0) return -1;
 	break;
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/encode/encode_pid.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/encode/encode_pid.c
index 7b01b7045f..3eabbdcc02 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/encode/encode_pid.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/encode/encode_pid.c
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@
 
 int ei_encode_pid(char *buf, int *index, const erlang_pid *p)
 {
-  char *s = buf + *index;
+  char* s = buf + *index;
+  const char tag = (p->creation > 3) ? ERL_NEW_PID_EXT : ERL_PID_EXT;
 
   ++(*index); /* skip ERL_PID_EXT */
   if (ei_encode_atom_len_as(buf, index, p->node, strlen(p->node),
@@ -32,17 +33,21 @@ int ei_encode_pid(char *buf, int *index, const erlang_pid *p)
       return -1;
 
   if (buf) {
-    put8(s,ERL_PID_EXT);
+    put8(s, tag);
 
     s = buf + *index;
 
     /* now the integers */
     put32be(s,p->num & 0x7fff); /* 15 bits */
     put32be(s,p->serial & 0x1fff); /* 13 bits */
-    put8(s,(p->creation & 0x03)); /* 2 bits */
+    if (tag == ERL_PID_EXT) {
+        put8(s,(p->creation & 0x03)); /* 2 bits */
+    } else {
+        put32be(s, p->creation); /* 32 bits */
+    }
   }
 
-  *index += 4 + 4 + 1;  
+  *index += 4 + 4 + (tag == ERL_PID_EXT ? 1 : 4);
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/encode/encode_port.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/encode/encode_port.c
index a7468e5917..a6e7d3541a 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/encode/encode_port.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/encode/encode_port.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 int ei_encode_port(char *buf, int *index, const erlang_port *p)
 {
   char *s = buf + *index;
+  const char tag = p->creation > 3 ? ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT : ERL_PORT_EXT;
 
   ++(*index); /* skip ERL_PORT_EXT */
   if (ei_encode_atom_len_as(buf, index, p->node, strlen(p->node), ERLANG_UTF8,
@@ -32,16 +33,19 @@ int ei_encode_port(char *buf, int *index, const erlang_port *p)
       return -1;
   }
   if (buf) {
-    put8(s,ERL_PORT_EXT);
+    put8(s, tag);
 
     s = buf + *index;
 
     /* now the integers */
     put32be(s,p->id & 0x0fffffff /* 28 bits */);
-    put8(s,(p->creation & 0x03));
+    if (tag == ERL_PORT_EXT) {
+        put8(s,(p->creation & 0x03));
+    } else {
+        put32be(s, p->creation);
+    }
   }
-  
-  *index += 4 + 1;
+  *index += 4 + (tag == ERL_PORT_EXT ? 1 : 4);
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/encode/encode_ref.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/encode/encode_ref.c
index 0f27a086f0..956a9a7e16 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/encode/encode_ref.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/encode/encode_ref.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 int ei_encode_ref(char *buf, int *index, const erlang_ref *p)
 {
+  const char tag = (p->creation > 3) ? ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT : ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT;
   char *s = buf + *index;
   int i;
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ int ei_encode_ref(char *buf, int *index, const erlang_ref *p)
   /* Always encode as an extended reference; all participating parties
      are now expected to be able to decode extended references. */
   if (buf) {
-	  put8(s,ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT);
+	  put8(s, tag);
 
 	  /* first, number of integers */
 	  put16be(s, p->len);
@@ -45,12 +46,15 @@ int ei_encode_ref(char *buf, int *index, const erlang_ref *p)
 	  s = buf + *index;
 
 	  /* now the integers */
-	  put8(s,(p->creation & 0x03));
+          if (tag == ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT)
+              put8(s,(p->creation & 0x03));
+          else
+              put32be(s, p->creation);
 	  for (i = 0; i < p->len; i++)
 	      put32be(s,p->n[i]);
   }
   
-  *index += p->len*4 + 1;  
+  *index += p->len*4 + (tag == ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT ? 1 : 4);
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/legacy/erl_eterm.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/legacy/erl_eterm.c
index f2f35ab693..8fcb39b91d 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/legacy/erl_eterm.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/legacy/erl_eterm.c
@@ -285,12 +285,12 @@ ETERM *erl_mk_pid(const char *node,
 	erl_errno = ENOMEM;
 	return NULL;
     }
-    erl_mk_pid_helper(ep, number, serial, creation);
+    erl_mk_pid_helper(ep, number, serial, creation & 0x03);
     return ep;
 }
 
 void erl_mk_pid_helper(ETERM *ep, unsigned int number, 
-		       unsigned int serial, unsigned char creation)
+		       unsigned int serial, unsigned int creation)
 {
     ERL_PID_NUMBER(ep)   = number & 0x7fff; /* 15 bits */
     if (ei_internal_use_r9_pids_ports()) {
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ void erl_mk_pid_helper(ETERM *ep, unsigned int number,
     else {
 	ERL_PID_SERIAL(ep)   = serial & 0x1fff;  /* 13 bits */
     }
-    ERL_PID_CREATION(ep) = creation & 0x03; /* 2 bits */
+    ERL_PID_CREATION(ep) = creation; /* 32 bits */
 }
 
 /*
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ ETERM *erl_mk_port(const char *node,
     return ep;
 }
 
-void erl_mk_port_helper(ETERM* ep, unsigned number, unsigned char creation)
+void erl_mk_port_helper(ETERM* ep, unsigned number, unsigned int creation)
 {
     if (ei_internal_use_r9_pids_ports()) {
 	ERL_PORT_NUMBER(ep)   = number & 0x3ffff; /* 18 bits */
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ void erl_mk_port_helper(ETERM* ep, unsigned number, unsigned char creation)
     else {
 	ERL_PORT_NUMBER(ep)   = number & 0x0fffffff; /* 18 bits */
     }
-    ERL_PORT_CREATION(ep) = creation & 0x03; /* 2 bits */
+    ERL_PORT_CREATION(ep) = creation; /* 32 bits */
 }
 
 /*
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ ETERM *__erl_mk_reference (ETERM* t,
 			   const char *node,
 			   size_t len,
 			   unsigned int n[],
-			   unsigned char creation)
+			   unsigned int creation)
 {
     if (t == NULL) {
 	if (node == NULL) return NULL;
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ ETERM *__erl_mk_reference (ETERM* t,
     ERL_REF_NUMBERS(t)[0]   = n[0] & 0x3ffff; /* 18 bits */
     ERL_REF_NUMBERS(t)[1]   = n[1];
     ERL_REF_NUMBERS(t)[2]   = n[2];
-    ERL_REF_CREATION(t) = creation & 0x03; /* 2 bits */
+    ERL_REF_CREATION(t) = creation; /* 32 bits */
 
     return t;
 }
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/legacy/erl_eterm.h b/lib/erl_interface/src/legacy/erl_eterm.h
index d9a26b2541..1b3f20f25c 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/legacy/erl_eterm.h
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/legacy/erl_eterm.h
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ typedef struct _heapmark {
 } Erl_HeapMark;
 
 
-void erl_mk_port_helper(ETERM* ep, unsigned number, unsigned char creation);
-void erl_mk_pid_helper(ETERM*, unsigned,unsigned, unsigned char);
-ETERM * __erl_mk_reference(ETERM*, const char *, size_t, unsigned int n[], unsigned char);
+void erl_mk_port_helper(ETERM* ep, unsigned number, unsigned int creation);
+void erl_mk_pid_helper(ETERM*, unsigned,unsigned, unsigned int);
+ETERM * __erl_mk_reference(ETERM*, const char *, size_t, unsigned int n[], unsigned int);
 int erl_current_fix_desc(void);
 
 #endif /* _ERL_ETERM_H */
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/legacy/erl_marshal.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/legacy/erl_marshal.c
index a4216c9541..ebb6b78540 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/legacy/erl_marshal.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/legacy/erl_marshal.c
@@ -120,10 +120,13 @@ void erl_init_marshal(void)
     cmp_array[ERL_SMALL_ATOM_UTF8_EXT] = ERL_ATOM_CMP;
     cmp_array[ERL_REFERENCE_EXT]     = ERL_REF_CMP;
     cmp_array[ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT] = ERL_REF_CMP;
+    cmp_array[ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT]=ERL_REF_CMP;
     cmp_array[ERL_FUN_EXT]           = ERL_FUN_CMP;
     cmp_array[ERL_NEW_FUN_EXT]       = ERL_FUN_CMP;
     cmp_array[ERL_PORT_EXT]          = ERL_PORT_CMP;
+    cmp_array[ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT]      = ERL_PORT_CMP;
     cmp_array[ERL_PID_EXT]           = ERL_PID_CMP;
+    cmp_array[ERL_NEW_PID_EXT]       = ERL_PID_CMP;
     cmp_array[ERL_SMALL_TUPLE_EXT]   = ERL_TUPLE_CMP;
     cmp_array[ERL_LARGE_TUPLE_EXT]   = ERL_TUPLE_CMP;
     cmp_array[ERL_NIL_EXT]           = ERL_NIL_CMP;
@@ -304,8 +307,8 @@ int erl_encode_it(ETERM *ep, unsigned char **ext, int dist)
 	*(*ext)++ =  ul        & 0xff;
 	return 0;
 
-    case ERL_PID:
-	*(*ext)++ = ERL_PID_EXT;    
+    case ERL_PID: {
+        unsigned char* tagp = (*ext)++;
 	/* First poke in node as an atom */    
 	encode_atom(&ep->uval.pidval.node, ext);
 	/* And then fill in the integer fields */
@@ -319,17 +322,29 @@ int erl_encode_it(ETERM *ep, unsigned char **ext, int dist)
 	*(*ext)++ = (i >> 16) &0xff;
 	*(*ext)++ = (i >>  8) &0xff;
 	*(*ext)++ = i &0xff;
-	*(*ext)++ = ERL_PID_CREATION(ep);
+
+        i = ERL_PID_CREATION(ep);
+        if ((unsigned int)i <= 3) {
+            *tagp = ERL_PID_EXT;
+            *(*ext)++ = i;
+        } else {
+            *tagp = ERL_NEW_PID_EXT;
+            *(*ext)++ = (i >> 24) &0xff;
+            *(*ext)++ = (i >> 16) &0xff;
+            *(*ext)++ = (i >>  8) &0xff;
+            *(*ext)++ = i &0xff;
+        }
 	return 0;
+    }
     case ERL_REF: {
+            unsigned char* tagp = (*ext)++;
+
 	    int len, j;
 
 	    /* Always encode as an extended reference; all
 	       participating parties are now expected to be
 	       able to decode extended references. */
 
-	    *(*ext)++ = ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT;
-
 	    i = strlen((char *)ERL_REF_NODE(ep));
 	    len = ERL_REF_LEN(ep);
 	    *(*ext)++ = (len >> 8) &0xff;
@@ -337,7 +352,18 @@ int erl_encode_it(ETERM *ep, unsigned char **ext, int dist)
 
 	    encode_atom(&ep->uval.refval.node, ext);
 
-	    *(*ext)++ = ERL_REF_CREATION(ep);
+            i = ERL_REF_CREATION(ep);
+            if ((unsigned int)i <= 3) {
+                *tagp = ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT;
+                *(*ext)++ = i;
+            } else {
+                *tagp = ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT;
+                *(*ext)++ = (i >> 24) &0xff;
+                *(*ext)++ = (i >> 16) &0xff;
+                *(*ext)++ = (i >>  8) &0xff;
+                *(*ext)++ = i &0xff;
+            }
+
 	    /* Then the integer fields */
 	    for (j = 0; j < ERL_REF_LEN(ep); j++) {
 		i = ERL_REF_NUMBERS(ep)[j];
@@ -348,8 +374,8 @@ int erl_encode_it(ETERM *ep, unsigned char **ext, int dist)
 	    }
 	}
 	return 0;
-    case ERL_PORT:
-	*(*ext)++ = ERL_PORT_EXT;
+    case ERL_PORT: {
+	unsigned char* tagp = (*ext)++;
 	/* First poke in node as an atom */
 	encode_atom(&ep->uval.portval.node, ext);
 	/* Then the integer fields */
@@ -358,8 +384,20 @@ int erl_encode_it(ETERM *ep, unsigned char **ext, int dist)
 	*(*ext)++ = (i >> 16) &0xff;
 	*(*ext)++ = (i >>  8) &0xff;
 	*(*ext)++ = i &0xff;
-	*(*ext)++ = ERL_PORT_CREATION(ep);
+
+        i = ERL_PORT_CREATION(ep);
+        if ((unsigned int)i <= 3) {
+            *tagp = ERL_PORT_EXT;
+            *(*ext)++ = i;
+        } else {
+            *tagp = ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT;
+            *(*ext)++ = (i >> 24) &0xff;
+            *(*ext)++ = (i >> 16) &0xff;
+            *(*ext)++ = (i >>  8) &0xff;
+            *(*ext)++ = i &0xff;
+        }
 	return 0;
+    }
     case ERL_EMPTY_LIST:
 	*(*ext)++ = ERL_NIL_EXT;
 	break;
@@ -698,12 +736,14 @@ static ETERM *erl_decode_it(unsigned char **ext)
     unsigned int u,sign;
     int i,j,arity;
     double ff;
+    unsigned char tag;
     
     /* Assume we are going to decode an integer */
     ep = erl_alloc_eterm(ERL_INTEGER);
     ERL_COUNT(ep) = 1;
 
-    switch (*(*ext)++) 
+    tag = *(*ext)++;
+    switch (tag)
     {
     case ERL_INTEGER_EXT:
 	i = (int) (**ext << 24) | ((*ext)[1] << 16) |
@@ -801,9 +841,10 @@ static ETERM *erl_decode_it(unsigned char **ext)
 	return ep;
       
     case ERL_PID_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEW_PID_EXT:
 	{
 	    unsigned int number, serial;
-	    unsigned char creation;
+	    unsigned int creation;
 
 	    ERL_TYPE(ep) = ERL_PID;
 	    if (read_atom(ext, &ep->uval.pidval.node) < 0) return NULL;
@@ -815,7 +856,13 @@ static ETERM *erl_decode_it(unsigned char **ext)
 	    serial = ((*ext)[0] << 24) | ((*ext)[1]) << 16 | 
 		((*ext)[2]) << 8 | ((*ext)[3]);	
 	    *ext += 4;
-	    creation =  *(*ext)++; 
+            if (tag == ERL_PID_EXT)
+                creation =  *(*ext)++;
+            else {
+                creation = ((*ext)[0] << 24) | ((*ext)[1]) << 16 |
+                    ((*ext)[2]) << 8 | ((*ext)[3]);
+                *ext += 4;
+            }
 	    erl_mk_pid_helper(ep, number, serial, creation);
 	    return ep;
 	}
@@ -836,11 +883,12 @@ static ETERM *erl_decode_it(unsigned char **ext)
 	    return ep;
 	}
 
-    case ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT: 
+    case ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT:
 	{
 	    size_t cnt, i;
 	    unsigned int n[3];
-	    unsigned char creation;
+	    unsigned int creation;
 
 	    ERL_TYPE(ep) = ERL_REF;
 	    cnt = ((*ext)[0] << 8) | (*ext)[1];
@@ -849,7 +897,13 @@ static ETERM *erl_decode_it(unsigned char **ext)
 	    if (read_atom(ext, &ep->uval.refval.node) < 0) return NULL;
 
 	    /* get the integers */
-	    creation =  *(*ext)++; 
+            if (tag == ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT)
+                creation =  *(*ext)++;
+            else {
+                creation = ((*ext)[0] << 24) | ((*ext)[1]) << 16 |
+                    ((*ext)[2]) << 8 | ((*ext)[3]);
+                *ext += 4;
+            }
 	    for(i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
 	    {
 		n[i] = ((*ext)[0] << 24) | ((*ext)[1]) << 16 | 
@@ -861,9 +915,10 @@ static ETERM *erl_decode_it(unsigned char **ext)
 	}
 
     case ERL_PORT_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT:
 	{
 	    unsigned int number;
-	    unsigned char creation;
+	    unsigned int creation;
 
 	    ERL_TYPE(ep) = ERL_PORT;
 	    if (read_atom(ext, &ep->uval.portval.node) < 0) return NULL;
@@ -872,7 +927,13 @@ static ETERM *erl_decode_it(unsigned char **ext)
 	    number = ((*ext)[0] << 24) | ((*ext)[1]) << 16 | 
 		((*ext)[2]) << 8 | ((*ext)[3]);	
 	    *ext += 4;
-	    creation =  *(*ext)++; 
+            if (tag == ERL_PORT_EXT)
+                creation =  *(*ext)++;
+            else {
+                creation = (((*ext)[0] << 24) | ((*ext)[1]) << 16 |
+                            ((*ext)[2]) << 8  | ((*ext)[3]));
+                *ext += 4;
+            }
 	    erl_mk_port_helper(ep, number, creation);
 	    return ep;
 	}
@@ -1114,11 +1175,14 @@ unsigned char erl_ext_type(unsigned char *ext)
     case ERL_SMALL_ATOM_UTF8_EXT:
 	return ERL_ATOM;
     case ERL_PID_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEW_PID_EXT:
 	return ERL_PID;
     case ERL_PORT_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT:
 	return ERL_PORT;
     case ERL_REFERENCE_EXT:
     case ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT:
 	return ERL_REF;
     case ERL_NIL_EXT: 
 	return ERL_EMPTY_LIST;
@@ -1167,9 +1231,12 @@ int erl_ext_size(unsigned char *t)
     case ERL_SMALL_ATOM_EXT:
     case ERL_SMALL_ATOM_UTF8_EXT:
     case ERL_PID_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEW_PID_EXT:
     case ERL_PORT_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT:
     case ERL_REFERENCE_EXT:
     case ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT:
     case ERL_NIL_EXT: 
     case ERL_BINARY_EXT:
     case ERL_STRING_EXT:
@@ -1240,8 +1307,9 @@ static int jump(unsigned char **ext)
 {
     int j,k,i=0;
     int n;
+    const int tag = *(*ext)++;
     
-    switch (*(*ext)++) {
+    switch (tag) {
     case ERL_VERSION_MAGIC:
 	return jump(ext);
     case ERL_INTEGER_EXT:
@@ -1257,22 +1325,29 @@ static int jump(unsigned char **ext)
 	jump_atom(ext);
 	break;
     case ERL_PID_EXT:
-	/* eat first atom */
 	if (!jump_atom(ext)) return 0;
-	*ext += 9;		/* Two int's and the creation field */
+	*ext += 4 + 4 + 1;
 	break;
+    case ERL_NEW_PID_EXT:
+        if (!jump_atom(ext)) return 0;
+        *ext += 4 + 4 + 4;
+        break;
     case ERL_REFERENCE_EXT:
     case ERL_PORT_EXT:
-	/* first field is an atom */
 	if (!jump_atom(ext)) return 0;
-	*ext += 5;		/* One int and the creation field */
+	*ext += 4 + 1;
 	break;
+    case ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT:
+        if (!jump_atom(ext)) return 0;
+        *ext += 4 + 4;
+        break;
     case ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT:
 	n = (**ext << 8) | (*ext)[1];
 	*ext += 2;
 	/* first field is an atom */
 	if (!jump_atom(ext)) return 0;
-	*ext += 4*n+1;
+	*ext += 4*n + (tag == ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT ? 1 : 4);
 	break;
     case ERL_NIL_EXT:
 	/* We just passed it... */
@@ -1605,7 +1680,6 @@ static int cmp_exe2(unsigned char **e1, unsigned char **e2)
 {
   int min,  ret,i,j,k;
   double ff1, ff2;
-  unsigned char *tmp1, *tmp2;
   unsigned char tag1, tag2;
 
   if ( ((*e1)[0] == ERL_STRING_EXT) && ((*e2)[0] == ERL_LIST_EXT) ) {
@@ -1649,47 +1723,68 @@ static int cmp_exe2(unsigned char **e1, unsigned char **e2)
       *e1 += i;
       *e2 += j;
       return ret;
-    case ERL_PID_EXT: {
-      unsigned char *n1 = *e1;
-      unsigned char *n2 = *e2;
-      CMP_EXT_SKIP_ATOM(*e1); CMP_EXT_SKIP_ATOM(*e2);
-      *e1 += 9; *e2 += 9;
+    case ERL_PID_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEW_PID_EXT: {
+      erlang_pid pid1, pid2;
+      unsigned char* buf1 = *e1 - 1;
+      unsigned char* buf2 = *e2 - 1;
+      int ix1 = 0, ix2 = 0;
+
+      if (ei_decode_pid((char*)buf1, &ix1, &pid1) ||
+          ei_decode_pid((char*)buf2, &ix2, &pid2))
+          return CMP_EXT_ERROR_CODE;
+
+      *e1 = buf1 + ix1;
+      *e2 = buf2 + ix2;
 
       /* First compare serials ... */
-      tmp1 = *e1 - 5; tmp2 = *e2 - 5;
-      CMP_EXT_INT32_BE(tmp1, tmp2);
+      if      (pid1.serial < pid2.serial) return -1;
+      else if (pid1.serial > pid2.serial) return 1;
 
       /* ... then ids ... */
-      tmp1 -= 4; tmp2 -= 4;
-      CMP_EXT_INT32_BE(tmp1, tmp2);
+      if      (pid1.num < pid2.num) return -1;
+      else if (pid1.num > pid2.num) return 1;
 
       /* ... then node names ... */
-      ret = cmp_exe2(&n1, &n2);
-      if (ret != 0)
-	  return ret;
+      j = strcmp(pid1.node, pid2.node);
+      if      (j < 0) return -1;
+      else if (j > 0) return 1;
 
       /* ... and then finaly creations. */
-      tmp1 += 8; tmp2 += 8;
-      if (*tmp1 != *tmp2)
-	  return *tmp1 < *tmp2 ? -1 : 1;
+      if      (pid1.creation < pid2.creation) return -1;
+      else if (pid1.creation > pid2.creation) return 1;
+
       return 0;
     }
     case ERL_PORT_EXT:
-      /* First compare node names ... */
-      if (!IS_ERL_ATOM(**e1) || !IS_ERL_ATOM(**e2))
-	  return CMP_EXT_ERROR_CODE;
-      ret = cmp_exe2(e1, e2);
-      *e1 += 5; *e2 += 5;
-      if (ret != 0)
-	  return ret;
+    case ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT: {
+        erlang_port port1, port2;
+        unsigned char* buf1 = *e1 - 1;
+        unsigned char* buf2 = *e2 - 1;
+        int ix1 = 0, ix2 = 0;
+
+        if (ei_decode_port((char*)buf1, &ix1, &port1) ||
+            ei_decode_port((char*)buf2, &ix2, &port2))
+            return CMP_EXT_ERROR_CODE;
+
+        *e1 = buf1 + ix1;
+        *e2 = buf2 + ix2;
+
+        /* First compare node names ... */
+        j = strcmp(port1.node, port2.node);
+        if      (j < 0) return -1;
+        else if (j > 0) return 1;
+
       /* ... then creations ... */
-      tmp1 = *e1 - 1; tmp2 = *e2 - 1;
-      if (*tmp1 != *tmp2)
-	  return *tmp1 < *tmp2 ? -1 : 1;
+        if      (port1.creation < port2.creation) return -1;
+        else if (port1.creation > port2.creation) return 1;
+
       /* ... and then finaly ids. */
-      tmp1 -= 4; tmp2 -= 4;
-      CMP_EXT_INT32_BE(tmp1, tmp2);
-      return 0;
+        if      (port1.id < port2.id) return -1;
+        else if (port1.id > port2.id) return 1;
+
+        return 0;
+    }
     case ERL_NIL_EXT: return 0;
     case ERL_LIST_EXT:
       i = (**e1 << 24) | ((*e1)[1] << 16) |((*e1)[2] << 8) | (*e1)[3];
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/ei_decode_term.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/ei_decode_term.c
index 0ec67dde09..37375b4e8e 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/ei_decode_term.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/ei_decode_term.c
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 int ei_decode_ei_term(const char* buf, int* index, ei_term* term)
 {
     const char* s = buf + *index, * s0 = s;
-    int i, n, sign;
+    int n, sign;
     char c;
 
     if (term == NULL) return -1;
@@ -47,47 +47,27 @@ int ei_decode_ei_term(const char* buf, int* index, ei_term* term)
 	break;
     case ERL_FLOAT_EXT:
     case NEW_FLOAT_EXT:
-        return ei_decode_double(buf, index, &term->value.d_val);
+        return (ei_decode_double(buf, index, &term->value.d_val) < 0
+                ? -1 : 1);
     case ERL_ATOM_EXT:
     case ERL_ATOM_UTF8_EXT:
     case ERL_SMALL_ATOM_EXT:
     case ERL_SMALL_ATOM_UTF8_EXT:
-	return ei_decode_atom(buf, index, term->value.atom_name);
+	return (ei_decode_atom(buf, index, term->value.atom_name) < 0
+                ? -1 : 1);
     case ERL_REFERENCE_EXT:
-	/* first the nodename */
-	if (get_atom(&s, term->value.ref.node, NULL) < 0) return -1;
-        /* now the numbers: num (4), creation (1) */
-	term->value.ref.n[0] = get32be(s);
-	term->value.ref.len = 1;
-	term->value.ref.creation = get8(s) & 0x03;
-	break;
     case ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT:
-	/* first the integer count */
-	term->value.ref.len = get16be(s);
-	/* then the nodename */
-	if (get_atom(&s, term->value.ref.node, NULL) < 0) return -1;
-	/* creation */
-	term->value.ref.creation = get8(s) & 0x03;
-	/* finally the id integers */
-	for (i = 0; (i<term->value.ref.len) && (i<3); i++) {
-	    term->value.ref.n[i] = get32be(s);
-	}
-	if (term->value.ref.len > 3) {
-	    s += 4 * (term->value.ref.len - 3);
-	}
-	break;
+    case ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT:
+        return (ei_decode_ref(buf, index, &term->value.ref) < 0
+                ? -1 : 1);
     case ERL_PORT_EXT:
-	if (get_atom(&s, term->value.port.node, NULL) < 0) return -1;
-	term->value.port.id = get32be(s) & 0x0fffffff; /* 28 bits */;
-	term->value.port.creation = get8(s) & 0x03;
-	break;
+    case ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT:
+        return (ei_decode_port(buf, index, &term->value.port) < 0
+                ? -1 : 1);
     case ERL_PID_EXT:
-	if (get_atom(&s, term->value.pid.node, NULL) < 0) return -1;
-	/* now the numbers: num (4), serial (4), creation (1) */
-	term->value.pid.num = get32be(s) & 0x7fff; /* 15 bits */
-	term->value.pid.serial = get32be(s) & 0x1fff; /* 13 bits */
-	term->value.pid.creation = get8(s) & 0x03; /* 2 bits */
-	break;
+    case ERL_NEW_PID_EXT:
+        return (ei_decode_pid(buf, index, &term->value.pid) < 0
+                ? -1 : 1);
     case ERL_SMALL_TUPLE_EXT:
 	term->arity = get8(s);
 	break;
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/ei_printterm.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/ei_printterm.c
index 702ee9566d..8b216b2b96 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/ei_printterm.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/ei_printterm.c
@@ -151,15 +151,18 @@ static int print_term(FILE* fp, ei_x_buff* x,
 	}
 	break;
     case ERL_PID_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEW_PID_EXT:
 	if (ei_decode_pid(buf, index, &pid) < 0) goto err;
 	ch_written += xprintf(fp, x, "<%s.%d.%d>", pid.node,
 			      pid.num, pid.serial);
 	break;
     case ERL_PORT_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT:
 	if (ei_decode_port(buf, index, &port) < 0) goto err;
 	ch_written += xprintf(fp, x, "#Port<%d.%d>", port.id, port.creation);
 	break;
     case ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT:
     case ERL_REFERENCE_EXT:
 	if (ei_decode_ref(buf, index, &ref) < 0) goto err;
 	ch_written += xprintf(fp, x, "#Ref<");
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/get_type.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/get_type.c
index 6b95c1f470..62eac4a30e 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/get_type.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/get_type.c
@@ -76,6 +76,15 @@ int ei_get_type_internal(const char *buf, const int *index,
     *len = get32be(s); /* #digit_bytes */
     break;
 
+  case ERL_NEW_PID_EXT:
+      *type = ERL_PID_EXT;
+      break;
+  case ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT:
+      *type = ERL_PORT_EXT;
+      break;
+  case ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT:
+      *type = ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT;
+      break;
   default:
     *len = 0;
     break;
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/show_msg.c b/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/show_msg.c
index b08b17aea4..3b9f934c62 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/show_msg.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/src/misc/show_msg.c
@@ -398,6 +398,7 @@ static void show_term(const char *termbuf, int *index, FILE *stream)
 	break;
 
     case ERL_PID_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEW_PID_EXT:
 	ei_decode_pid(termbuf,index,&pid);
 	show_pid(stream,&pid);
 	break;
@@ -432,6 +433,7 @@ static void show_term(const char *termbuf, int *index, FILE *stream)
     
     case ERL_REFERENCE_EXT:
     case ERL_NEW_REFERENCE_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT:
 	ei_decode_ref(termbuf,index,&ref);
 	fprintf(stream,"#Ref<%s",ref.node);
 	for (i = 0; i < ref.len; i++) {
@@ -441,6 +443,7 @@ static void show_term(const char *termbuf, int *index, FILE *stream)
 	break;
 
     case ERL_PORT_EXT:
+    case ERL_NEW_PORT_EXT:
 	ei_decode_port(termbuf,index,&port);
 	fprintf(stream,"#Port<%s.%u.%u>",port.node,port.id,port.creation);
 	break;
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/test/all_SUITE_data/ei_runner.c b/lib/erl_interface/test/all_SUITE_data/ei_runner.c
index 2b0d6c856a..e9b4b2de57 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/test/all_SUITE_data/ei_runner.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/test/all_SUITE_data/ei_runner.c
@@ -255,12 +255,17 @@ do_report(file, line, ok)
  * Erlang side.
  */
 
-void do_fail(char* file, int line, char* reason)
+void do_fail(const char* file, int line, const char* reason, ...)
 {
+    va_list ap;
     char sbuf[2048];
+    char* sp = sbuf;
 
-    sbuf[0] = 'f';
-    sprintf(sbuf+1, "%s, line %d: %s", file, line, reason);
+    *sp++ = 'f';
+    sp += sprintf(sp, "%s, line %d: ", file, line);
+    va_start(ap, reason);
+    sp += vsprintf(sp, reason, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
     reply(sbuf, 1+strlen(sbuf+1));
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/test/all_SUITE_data/ei_runner.h b/lib/erl_interface/test/all_SUITE_data/ei_runner.h
index 62997d00a0..ca01a1d3ed 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/test/all_SUITE_data/ei_runner.h
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/test/all_SUITE_data/ei_runner.h
@@ -52,10 +52,11 @@ void free_packet(char*);
  */
 
 #define fail(reason) do_fail(__FILE__, __LINE__, reason)
+#define fail1(reason, a1) do_fail(__FILE__, __LINE__, reason, a1)
 #define report(ok) do_report(__FILE__, __LINE__, ok)
 
 void do_report(char* file, int line, int ok);
-void do_fail(char* file, int line, char* reason);
+void do_fail(const char* file, int line, const char* reason, ...);
 void send_buffer(char* buf, int size);
 void message(char* format, ...);
 
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_decode_encode_SUITE.erl b/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_decode_encode_SUITE.erl
index a3d0ca0576..14aee76500 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_decode_encode_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_decode_encode_SUITE.erl
@@ -89,17 +89,16 @@ test_ei_decode_encode(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     TXPort = mk_port(ThisNode, 268435455),
     TXRef = mk_ref(ThisNode, [262143, 4294967295, 4294967295]),
 
-    OtherNode = {gurka@sallad, 2},
-    OXPid = mk_pid(OtherNode, 32767, 8191),
-    OXPort = mk_port(OtherNode, 268435455),
-    OXRef = mk_ref(OtherNode, [262143, 4294967295, 4294967295]),
-
     send_rec(P, TXPid),
     send_rec(P, TXPort),
     send_rec(P, TXRef),
-    send_rec(P, OXPid),
-    send_rec(P, OXPort),
-    send_rec(P, OXRef),
+
+    [begin OtherNode = {gurka@sallad, Creation},
+	   send_rec(P, mk_pid(OtherNode, 32767, 8191)),
+	   send_rec(P, mk_port(OtherNode, 268435455)),
+	   send_rec(P, mk_ref(OtherNode, [262143, 4294967295, 4294967295])),
+	   void
+     end || Creation <- [1, 2, 3, 4, 16#adec0ded]],
 
     %% Unicode atoms
     [begin send_rec(P, Atom),
@@ -176,6 +175,9 @@ get_binary(P) ->
 -define(PORT_EXT,            102).
 -define(PID_EXT,             103).
 -define(NEW_REFERENCE_EXT,   114).
+-define(NEW_PID_EXT,         $X).
+-define(NEW_PORT_EXT,        $Y).
+-define(NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT, $Z).
 
 uint32_be(Uint) when is_integer(Uint), 0 =< Uint, Uint < 1 bsl 32 ->
     [(Uint bsr 24) band 16#ff,
@@ -197,51 +199,62 @@ uint8(Uint) when is_integer(Uint), 0 =< Uint, Uint < 1 bsl 8 ->
 uint8(Uint) ->
     exit({badarg, uint8, [Uint]}).
 
+pid_tag(Creation) when Creation =< 3 -> ?PID_EXT;
+pid_tag(_Creation) -> ?NEW_PID_EXT.
 
+enc_creation(Creation) when Creation =< 3 -> uint8(Creation);
+enc_creation(Creation) -> uint32_be(Creation).
 
 mk_pid({NodeName, Creation}, Number, Serial) when is_atom(NodeName) ->
     <<?VERSION_MAGIC, NodeNameExt/binary>> = term_to_binary(NodeName),
     mk_pid({NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number, Serial);
 mk_pid({NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number, Serial) ->
     case catch binary_to_term(list_to_binary([?VERSION_MAGIC,
-                                              ?PID_EXT,
-                                              NodeNameExt,
-                                              uint32_be(Number),
-                                              uint32_be(Serial),
-                                              uint8(Creation)])) of
-        Pid when is_pid(Pid) ->
-            Pid;
-        {'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
-            exit({badarg, mk_pid, [{NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number, Serial]});
-        Other ->
-            exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
+					      pid_tag(Creation),
+					      NodeNameExt,
+					      uint32_be(Number),
+					      uint32_be(Serial),
+					      enc_creation(Creation)])) of
+	Pid when is_pid(Pid) ->
+	    Pid;
+	{'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
+	    exit({badarg, mk_pid, [{NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number, Serial]});
+	Other ->
+	    exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
     end.
 
+port_tag(Creation) when Creation =< 3 -> ?PORT_EXT;
+port_tag(_Creation) -> ?NEW_PORT_EXT.
+
 mk_port({NodeName, Creation}, Number) when is_atom(NodeName) ->
     <<?VERSION_MAGIC, NodeNameExt/binary>> = term_to_binary(NodeName),
     mk_port({NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number);
 mk_port({NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number) ->
     case catch binary_to_term(list_to_binary([?VERSION_MAGIC,
-                                              ?PORT_EXT,
-                                              NodeNameExt,
-                                              uint32_be(Number),
-                                              uint8(Creation)])) of
-        Port when is_port(Port) ->
-            Port;
-        {'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
-            exit({badarg, mk_port, [{NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number]});
-        Other ->
-            exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
+					      port_tag(Creation),
+					      NodeNameExt,
+					      uint32_be(Number),
+					      enc_creation(Creation)])) of
+	Port when is_port(Port) ->
+	    Port;
+	{'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
+	    exit({badarg, mk_port, [{NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number]});
+	Other ->
+	    exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
     end.
 
+ref_tag(Creation) when Creation =< 3 -> ?NEW_REFERENCE_EXT;
+ref_tag(_Creation) -> ?NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT.
+
 mk_ref({NodeName, Creation}, Numbers) when is_atom(NodeName),
                                            is_integer(Creation),
                                            is_list(Numbers) ->
     <<?VERSION_MAGIC, NodeNameExt/binary>> = term_to_binary(NodeName),
     mk_ref({NodeNameExt, Creation}, Numbers);
 mk_ref({NodeNameExt, Creation}, [Number]) when is_binary(NodeNameExt),
-                                               is_integer(Creation),
-                                               is_integer(Number) ->
+					       is_integer(Creation),
+					       Creation =< 3,
+					       is_integer(Number) ->
     case catch binary_to_term(list_to_binary([?VERSION_MAGIC,
                                               ?REFERENCE_EXT,
                                               NodeNameExt,
@@ -258,20 +271,20 @@ mk_ref({NodeNameExt, Creation}, Numbers) when is_binary(NodeNameExt),
                                               is_integer(Creation),
                                               is_list(Numbers) ->
     case catch binary_to_term(list_to_binary([?VERSION_MAGIC,
-                                              ?NEW_REFERENCE_EXT,
-                                              uint16_be(length(Numbers)),
-                                              NodeNameExt,
-                                              uint8(Creation),
-                                              lists:map(fun (N) ->
-                                                                uint32_be(N)
-                                                        end,
-                                                        Numbers)])) of
-        Ref when is_reference(Ref) ->
-            Ref;
-        {'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
-            exit({badarg, mk_ref, [{NodeNameExt, Creation}, Numbers]});
-        Other ->
-            exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
+					      ref_tag(Creation),
+					      uint16_be(length(Numbers)),
+					      NodeNameExt,
+					      enc_creation(Creation),
+					      lists:map(fun (N) ->
+								uint32_be(N)
+							end,
+							Numbers)])) of
+	Ref when is_reference(Ref) ->
+	    Ref;
+	{'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
+	    exit({badarg, mk_ref, [{NodeNameExt, Creation}, Numbers]});
+	Other ->
+	    exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
     end.
 
 
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_decode_encode_SUITE_data/ei_decode_encode_test.c b/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_decode_encode_SUITE_data/ei_decode_encode_test.c
index 4b0201ca0b..58b2dc1671 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_decode_encode_SUITE_data/ei_decode_encode_test.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_decode_encode_SUITE_data/ei_decode_encode_test.c
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ void decode_encode(struct Type** tv, int nobj)
 	    if (err != -1) {
 		fail("decode returned non zero but not -1");
 	    } else {
-		fail("decode returned non zero");
+		fail1("decode '%s' returned non zero", t->name);
 	    }
 	    return;
 	}
@@ -491,12 +491,11 @@ TESTCASE(test_ei_decode_encode)
     decode_encode_big(&big_type);
 
     /* Test large node containers... */
-    decode_encode_one(&pid_type);
-    decode_encode_one(&port_type);
-    decode_encode_one(&ref_type);
-    decode_encode_one(&pid_type);
-    decode_encode_one(&port_type);
-    decode_encode_one(&ref_type);
+    for (i=0; i<6; i++) {
+        decode_encode_one(&pid_type);
+        decode_encode_one(&port_type);
+        decode_encode_one(&ref_type);
+    }
 
     /* Unicode atoms */
     for (i=0; i<24; i++) {
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_tmo_SUITE.erl b/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_tmo_SUITE.erl
index 4cd4202116..aaa0992fb4 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_tmo_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_tmo_SUITE.erl
@@ -25,11 +25,10 @@
 -include_lib("kernel/include/inet.hrl").
 -include("ei_tmo_SUITE_data/ei_tmo_test_cases.hrl").
 
--define(dummy_host,test01).
-
 -export([all/0, suite/0,
          init_per_testcase/2, end_per_testcase/2,
          framework_check/1, ei_accept_tmo/1, ei_connect_tmo/1, ei_send_tmo/1,
+	 ei_connect_tmo/0,
          ei_recv_tmo/1]).
 
 suite() ->
@@ -165,12 +164,12 @@ do_one_send_failure(Config,From,FakeName,CName,VxSim) ->
     {term, X} = runner:get_term(P3, 10000),
     true = is_integer(X),
     Message = [112,term_to_binary({6,self(),'',test}),
-               term_to_binary({From,10000,
+               term_to_binary({From,50000,
                                {app,["lapp",{sa,["att",du,{slapp,
                                                            sitta}]}]}})],
     gen_tcp:send(SocketB,Message),
 
-    %% At this point the test program starts sending messages (max 10000). Since 
+    %% At this point the test program starts sending messages (max 50000). Since
     %% we're not receiving, eventually the send buffer fills up. Then no more 
     %% sending is possible and select() times out. The number of messages sent
     %% before this happens is returned in Iters. The timeout value for get_term/2
@@ -196,6 +195,8 @@ do_one_send_failure(Config,From,FakeName,CName,VxSim) ->
 
 
 %% Check accept with timeouts.
+ei_connect_tmo() -> [{require, test_host_not_reachable}].
+
 ei_connect_tmo(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     %dbg:tracer(),
     %dbg:p(self()),
@@ -311,12 +312,13 @@ make_node(X) ->
 
 make_and_check_dummy() ->
     % First check that the host has an ip and is *not* reachable
-    case gen_tcp:connect(?dummy_host,23,[{active,false}],5000) of
+    HostNotReachable = ct:get_config(test_host_not_reachable),
+    case gen_tcp:connect(HostNotReachable, 23, [{active,false}],5000) of
         {error,timeout} -> ok;
         {error,ehostunreach} -> ok
     end,
 
-    list_to_atom("dummy@"++atom_to_list(?dummy_host)).
+    list_to_atom("dummy@"++HostNotReachable).
 
 %%
 %% Stolen from the erl_distribution_wb_test in kernel
diff --git a/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_tmo_SUITE_data/ei_tmo_test.c b/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_tmo_SUITE_data/ei_tmo_test.c
index 1104f642a2..78dc9c5b8a 100644
--- a/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_tmo_SUITE_data/ei_tmo_test.c
+++ b/lib/erl_interface/test/ei_tmo_SUITE_data/ei_tmo_test.c
@@ -512,18 +512,21 @@ TESTCASE(send_tmo)
 	    for (i=0;i < iterations; ++i) {
 		res = ei_send_tmo(com_sock, &pid, send_buffer.buff, 
 				  send_buffer.index, 5000);
-		DEBUGF(("Sent bindata (%d):\n",res));
+		if (res < 0) {
+		    DEBUGF(("Sent bindata failed (%d) after %d iterations:\n", res, i));
+		    break;
+		}
 #ifdef DEBUG
+		if (i < 10 || (i % 100 == 0))  /* don't flood the log */
 		{
 		    int ndx = 0;
 		    int v;
+		    DEBUGF(("%d: Sent bindata (%d): ", i, res));
 		    ei_decode_version(send_buffer.buff,&ndx,&v);
 		    ei_print_term(debugfile, send_buffer.buff, &ndx);
+		    DEBUGF(("\n"));
 		}
 #endif
-		DEBUGF(("\n"));
-		if (res < 0) 
-		    break;
 	    }
 	    if (res < 0) {
 		DEBUGF(("ei_send_tmo failure at line %d\n",__LINE__));
diff --git a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/AbstractNode.java b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/AbstractNode.java
index d7ba88288f..0072c5939a 100644
--- a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/AbstractNode.java
+++ b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/AbstractNode.java
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ public class AbstractNode implements OtpTransportFactory {
     static final int dFlagUnicodeIo = 0x1000;
     static final int dFlagUtf8Atoms = 0x10000;
     static final int dFlagMapTag = 0x20000;
+    static final int dFlagBigCreation = 0x40000;
 
     int ntype = NTYPE_R6;
     int proto = 0; // tcp/ip
@@ -103,7 +104,8 @@ public class AbstractNode implements OtpTransportFactory {
     int creation = 0;
     int flags = dFlagExtendedReferences | dFlagExtendedPidsPorts
             | dFlagBitBinaries | dFlagNewFloats | dFlagFunTags
-            | dflagNewFunTags | dFlagUtf8Atoms | dFlagMapTag;
+            | dflagNewFunTags | dFlagUtf8Atoms | dFlagMapTag
+	    | dFlagBigCreation;
 
     /* initialize hostname and default cookie */
     static {
diff --git a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpErlangPid.java b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpErlangPid.java
index 20b7ff6a7f..66b4475a9e 100644
--- a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpErlangPid.java
+++ b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpErlangPid.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ public class OtpErlangPid extends OtpErlangObject implements Comparable<Object>
     // don't change this!
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1664394142301803659L;
 
+    private final int tag;
     private final String node;
     private final int id;
     private final int serial;
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ public class OtpErlangPid extends OtpErlangObject implements Comparable<Object>
     public OtpErlangPid(final OtpLocalNode self) {
         final OtpErlangPid p = self.createPid();
 
+	tag = p.tag;
         id = p.id;
         serial = p.serial;
         creation = p.creation;
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@ public class OtpErlangPid extends OtpErlangObject implements Comparable<Object>
             throws OtpErlangDecodeException {
         final OtpErlangPid p = buf.read_pid();
 
+	tag = p.tag;
         node = p.node();
         id = p.id();
         serial = p.serial();
@@ -85,15 +88,52 @@ public class OtpErlangPid extends OtpErlangObject implements Comparable<Object>
      *            used.
      *
      * @param creation
-     *            yet another arbitrary number. Only the low order 2 bits will
+     *            yet another arbitrary number. Ony the low order 2 bits will
      *            be used.
      */
     public OtpErlangPid(final String node, final int id, final int serial,
-            final int creation) {
-        this.node = node;
-        this.id = id & 0x7fff; // 15 bits
-        this.serial = serial & 0x1fff; // 13 bits
-        this.creation = creation & 0x03; // 2 bits
+			final int creation) {
+	this(OtpExternal.pidTag, node, id, serial, creation);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an Erlang pid from its components.
+     *
+     * @param tag
+     *            the external format to be compliant with
+     *            OtpExternal.pidTag where only a subset of the bits are significant (see other constructor).
+     *            OtpExternal.newPidTag where all 32 bits of id,serial and creation are significant.
+     *            newPidTag can only be decoded by OTP-19 and newer.
+     * @param node
+     *            the nodename.
+     *
+     * @param id
+     *            an arbitrary number.
+     *
+     * @param serial
+     *            another arbitrary number.
+     *
+     * @param creation
+     *            yet another arbitrary number.
+     */
+    protected OtpErlangPid(final int tag, final String node, final int id,
+			   final int serial, final int creation) {
+	this.tag = tag;
+	this.node = node;
+	if (tag == OtpExternal.pidTag) {
+	    this.id = id & 0x7fff; // 15 bits
+	    this.serial = serial & 0x1fff; // 13 bits
+	    this.creation = creation & 0x03; // 2 bits
+	}
+	else {  // allow all 32 bits for newPidTag
+	    this.id = id;
+	    this.serial = serial;
+	    this.creation = creation;
+	}
+    }
+
+    protected int tag() {
+	return tag;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -151,7 +191,7 @@ public class OtpErlangPid extends OtpErlangObject implements Comparable<Object>
      */
     @Override
     public void encode(final OtpOutputStream buf) {
-        buf.write_pid(node, id, serial, creation);
+        buf.write_pid(this);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpErlangPort.java b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpErlangPort.java
index a6198d56cc..16c8d2ed85 100644
--- a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpErlangPort.java
+++ b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpErlangPort.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ public class OtpErlangPort extends OtpErlangObject {
     // don't change this!
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 4037115468007644704L;
 
+    private final int tag;
     private final String node;
     private final int id;
     private final int creation;
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ public class OtpErlangPort extends OtpErlangObject {
     private OtpErlangPort(final OtpSelf self) {
         final OtpErlangPort p = self.createPort();
 
+	tag = p.tag;
         id = p.id;
         creation = p.creation;
         node = p.node;
@@ -62,6 +64,7 @@ public class OtpErlangPort extends OtpErlangObject {
             throws OtpErlangDecodeException {
         final OtpErlangPort p = buf.read_port();
 
+	tag = p.tag;
         node = p.node();
         id = p.id();
         creation = p.creation();
@@ -77,13 +80,45 @@ public class OtpErlangPort extends OtpErlangObject {
      *            an arbitrary number. Only the low order 28 bits will be used.
      *
      * @param creation
-     *            another arbitrary number. Only the low order 2 bits will be
-     *            used.
+     *            another arbitrary number. Only the low order 2 bits will be used.
      */
     public OtpErlangPort(final String node, final int id, final int creation) {
-        this.node = node;
-        this.id = id & 0xfffffff; // 28 bits
-        this.creation = creation & 0x03; // 2 bits
+        this(OtpExternal.portTag, node, id, creation);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an Erlang port from its components.
+     *
+     * @param tag
+     *            the external format to be compliant with.
+     *            OtpExternal.portTag where only a subset of the bits are used (see other constructor)
+     *            OtpExternal.newPortTag where all 32 bits of id and creation are significant.
+     *            newPortTag can only be decoded by OTP-19 and newer.
+     * @param node
+     *            the nodename.
+     *
+     * @param id
+     *            an arbitrary number. Only the low order 28 bits will be used.
+     *
+     * @param creation
+     *            another arbitrary number.
+     */
+    public OtpErlangPort(final int tag, final String node, final int id,
+			 final int creation) {
+	this.tag = tag;
+	this.node = node;
+	if (tag == OtpExternal.portTag) {
+	    this.id = id & 0xfffffff; // 28 bits
+	    this.creation = creation & 0x3; // 2 bits
+	}
+	else {
+	    this.id = id;
+	    this.creation = creation;
+	}
+    }
+
+    protected int tag() {
+        return tag;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -132,7 +167,7 @@ public class OtpErlangPort extends OtpErlangObject {
      */
     @Override
     public void encode(final OtpOutputStream buf) {
-        buf.write_port(node, id, creation);
+        buf.write_port(this);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpErlangRef.java b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpErlangRef.java
index 8b57e7265b..c0a3a4061d 100644
--- a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpErlangRef.java
+++ b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpErlangRef.java
@@ -28,11 +28,13 @@ public class OtpErlangRef extends OtpErlangObject {
     // don't change this!
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -7022666480768586521L;
 
+    private final int tag;
     private final String node;
     private final int creation;
 
     // old style refs have one 18-bit id
     // r6 "new" refs have array of ids, first one is only 18 bits however
+    // 19 "newer" refs have full 32-bits for creation and for ids[0]
     private int ids[] = null;
 
     /**
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ public class OtpErlangRef extends OtpErlangObject {
     public OtpErlangRef(final OtpLocalNode self) {
         final OtpErlangRef r = self.createRef();
 
+	tag = r.tag;
         ids = r.ids;
         creation = r.creation;
         node = r.node;
@@ -67,6 +70,7 @@ public class OtpErlangRef extends OtpErlangObject {
             throws OtpErlangDecodeException {
         final OtpErlangRef r = buf.read_ref();
 
+	tag = r.tag;
         node = r.node();
         creation = r.creation();
 
@@ -83,10 +87,10 @@ public class OtpErlangRef extends OtpErlangObject {
      *            an arbitrary number. Only the low order 18 bits will be used.
      *
      * @param creation
-     *            another arbitrary number. Only the low order 2 bits will be
-     *            used.
+     *            another arbitrary number.
      */
     public OtpErlangRef(final String node, final int id, final int creation) {
+	this.tag = OtpExternal.newRefTag;
         this.node = node;
         ids = new int[1];
         ids[0] = id & 0x3ffff; // 18 bits
@@ -110,10 +114,34 @@ public class OtpErlangRef extends OtpErlangObject {
      *            used.
      */
     public OtpErlangRef(final String node, final int[] ids, final int creation) {
+	this(OtpExternal.newRefTag, node, ids, creation);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new(er) style Erlang ref from its components.
+     *
+     * @param tag
+     *            the external format to be compliant with.
+     *            OtpExternal.newRefTag where only a subset of the bits are used (see other constructor)
+     *            OtpExternal.newerRefTag where all bits of ids and creation are used.
+     *            newerPortTag can only be decoded by OTP-19 and newer.
+     *
+     * @param node
+     *            the nodename.
+     *
+     * @param ids
+     *            an array of arbitrary numbers. At most three numbers
+     *            will be read from the array.
+     *
+     * @param creation
+     *            another arbitrary number.
+     */
+    public OtpErlangRef(final int tag, final String node, final int[] ids,
+			final int creation) {
+	this.tag = tag;
         this.node = node;
-        this.creation = creation & 0x03; // 2 bits
 
-        // use at most 82 bits (18 + 32 + 32)
+        // use at most 3 words
         int len = ids.length;
         this.ids = new int[3];
         this.ids[0] = 0;
@@ -124,7 +152,17 @@ public class OtpErlangRef extends OtpErlangObject {
             len = 3;
         }
         System.arraycopy(ids, 0, this.ids, 0, len);
-        this.ids[0] &= 0x3ffff; // only 18 significant bits in first number
+	if (tag == OtpExternal.newRefTag) {
+	    this.creation = creation & 0x3;
+	    this.ids[0] &= 0x3ffff; // only 18 significant bits in first number
+	}
+	else {
+	    this.creation = creation;
+	}
+    }
+
+    protected int tag() {
+        return tag;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -202,7 +240,7 @@ public class OtpErlangRef extends OtpErlangObject {
      */
     @Override
     public void encode(final OtpOutputStream buf) {
-        buf.write_ref(node, ids, creation);
+        buf.write_ref(this);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpExternal.java b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpExternal.java
index 4645f25590..e19e7304b7 100644
--- a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpExternal.java
+++ b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpExternal.java
@@ -46,9 +46,11 @@ public class OtpExternal {
 
     /** The tag used for ports */
     public static final int portTag = 102;
+    public static final int newPortTag = 89;
 
     /** The tag used for PIDs */
     public static final int pidTag = 103;
+    public static final int newPidTag = 88;
 
     /** The tag used for small tuples */
     public static final int smallTupleTag = 104;
@@ -85,6 +87,7 @@ public class OtpExternal {
 
     /** The tag used for new style references */
     public static final int newRefTag = 114;
+    public static final int newerRefTag = 90;
 
     /** The tag used for maps */
     public static final int mapTag = 116;
diff --git a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpInputStream.java b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpInputStream.java
index fa0815fbf0..50d825fb80 100644
--- a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpInputStream.java
+++ b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpInputStream.java
@@ -954,18 +954,23 @@ public class OtpInputStream extends ByteArrayInputStream {
 
         tag = read1skip_version();
 
-        if (tag != OtpExternal.pidTag) {
+        if (tag != OtpExternal.pidTag &&
+	    tag != OtpExternal.newPidTag) {
             throw new OtpErlangDecodeException(
                     "Wrong tag encountered, expected " + OtpExternal.pidTag
+		    + " or " + OtpExternal.newPidTag
                             + ", got " + tag);
         }
 
         node = read_atom();
-        id = read4BE() & 0x7fff; // 15 bits
-        serial = read4BE() & 0x1fff; // 13 bits
-        creation = read1() & 0x03; // 2 bits
-
-        return new OtpErlangPid(node, id, serial, creation);
+        id = read4BE();
+        serial = read4BE();
+	if (tag == OtpExternal.pidTag)
+	    creation = read1();
+	else
+	    creation = read4BE();
+
+        return new OtpErlangPid(tag, node, id, serial, creation);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -984,17 +989,22 @@ public class OtpInputStream extends ByteArrayInputStream {
 
         tag = read1skip_version();
 
-        if (tag != OtpExternal.portTag) {
+        if (tag != OtpExternal.portTag &&
+	    tag != OtpExternal.newPortTag) {
             throw new OtpErlangDecodeException(
                     "Wrong tag encountered, expected " + OtpExternal.portTag
+		    + " or " + OtpExternal.newPortTag
                             + ", got " + tag);
         }
 
         node = read_atom();
-        id = read4BE() & 0xfffffff; // 28 bits
-        creation = read1() & 0x03; // 2 bits
+        id = read4BE();
+	if (tag == OtpExternal.portTag)
+	    creation = read1();
+	else
+	    creation = read4BE();
 
-        return new OtpErlangPort(node, id, creation);
+        return new OtpErlangPort(tag, node, id, creation);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1021,16 +1031,23 @@ public class OtpInputStream extends ByteArrayInputStream {
             return new OtpErlangRef(node, id, creation);
 
         case OtpExternal.newRefTag:
+        case OtpExternal.newerRefTag:
             final int arity = read2BE();
+            if (arity > 3) {
+		throw new OtpErlangDecodeException(
+		    "Ref arity " + arity + " too large ");
+	    }
             node = read_atom();
-            creation = read1() & 0x03; // 2 bits
+	    if (tag == OtpExternal.newRefTag)
+		creation = read1();
+	    else
+		creation = read4BE();
 
             final int[] ids = new int[arity];
             for (int i = 0; i < arity; i++) {
                 ids[i] = read4BE();
             }
-            ids[0] &= 0x3ffff; // first id gets truncated to 18 bits
-            return new OtpErlangRef(node, ids, creation);
+            return new OtpErlangRef(tag, node, ids, creation);
 
         default:
             throw new OtpErlangDecodeException(
@@ -1200,15 +1217,18 @@ public class OtpInputStream extends ByteArrayInputStream {
 
         case OtpExternal.refTag:
         case OtpExternal.newRefTag:
+        case OtpExternal.newerRefTag:
             return new OtpErlangRef(this);
 
         case OtpExternal.mapTag:
             return new OtpErlangMap(this);
 
         case OtpExternal.portTag:
+        case OtpExternal.newPortTag:
             return new OtpErlangPort(this);
 
         case OtpExternal.pidTag:
+        case OtpExternal.newPidTag:
             return new OtpErlangPid(this);
 
         case OtpExternal.stringTag:
diff --git a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpOutputStream.java b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpOutputStream.java
index 4faae2a157..10e48ffc43 100644
--- a/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpOutputStream.java
+++ b/lib/jinterface/java_src/com/ericsson/otp/erlang/OtpOutputStream.java
@@ -728,14 +728,38 @@ public class OtpOutputStream extends ByteArrayOutputStream {
      */
     public void write_pid(final String node, final int id, final int serial,
             final int creation) {
-        write1(OtpExternal.pidTag);
-        write_atom(node);
-        write4BE(id & 0x7fff); // 15 bits
-        write4BE(serial & 0x1fff); // 13 bits
-        write1(creation & 0x3); // 2 bits
+	write1(OtpExternal.pidTag);
+	write_atom(node);
+	write4BE(id & 0x7fff); // 15 bits
+	write4BE(serial & 0x1fff); // 13 bits
+	write1(creation & 0x3); // 2 bits
     }
 
     /**
+     * Write an Erlang PID to the stream.
+     *
+     * @param pid
+     *            the pid
+     */
+    public void write_pid(OtpErlangPid pid) {
+	write1(pid.tag());
+	write_atom(pid.node());
+	write4BE(pid.id());
+	write4BE(pid.serial());
+	switch (pid.tag()) {
+	case OtpExternal.pidTag:
+	    write1(pid.creation());
+	    break;
+	case OtpExternal.newPidTag:
+	    write4BE(pid.creation());
+	    break;
+	default:
+	    throw new AssertionError("Invalid pid tag " + pid.tag());
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
      * Write an Erlang port to the stream.
      *
      * @param node
@@ -745,15 +769,36 @@ public class OtpOutputStream extends ByteArrayOutputStream {
      *            an arbitrary number. Only the low order 28 bits will be used.
      *
      * @param creation
-     *            another arbitrary number. Only the low order 2 bits will be
-     *            used.
-     *
+     *            another arbitrary number. Only the low order 2 bits will
+     *            be used.
      */
     public void write_port(final String node, final int id, final int creation) {
-        write1(OtpExternal.portTag);
-        write_atom(node);
-        write4BE(id & 0xfffffff); // 28 bits
-        write1(creation & 0x3); // 2 bits
+	write1(OtpExternal.portTag);
+	write_atom(node);
+	write4BE(id & 0xfffffff); // 28 bits
+	write1(creation & 0x3); // 2 bits
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write an Erlang port to the stream.
+     *
+     * @param port
+     *            the port.
+     */
+    public void write_port(OtpErlangPort port) {
+	write1(port.tag());
+	write_atom(port.node());
+	write4BE(port.id());
+	switch (port.tag()) {
+	case OtpExternal.portTag:	    
+	    write1(port.creation());
+	    break;
+	case OtpExternal.newPortTag:
+	    write4BE(port.creation());
+	    break;
+	default:
+	    throw new AssertionError("Invalid port tag " + port.tag());
+	}
     }
 
     /**
@@ -766,32 +811,31 @@ public class OtpOutputStream extends ByteArrayOutputStream {
      *            an arbitrary number. Only the low order 18 bits will be used.
      *
      * @param creation
-     *            another arbitrary number. Only the low order 2 bits will be
-     *            used.
+     *            another arbitrary number.
      *
      */
     public void write_ref(final String node, final int id, final int creation) {
-        write1(OtpExternal.refTag);
-        write_atom(node);
-        write4BE(id & 0x3ffff); // 18 bits
-        write1(creation & 0x3); // 2 bits
+	/* Always encode as an extended reference; all
+	   participating parties are now expected to be
+	   able to decode extended references. */
+	int ids[] = new int[1];
+	ids[0] = id;
+	write_ref(node, ids, creation);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Write a new style (R6 and later) Erlang ref to the stream.
+     * Write an Erlang ref to the stream.
      *
      * @param node
      *            the nodename.
      *
      * @param ids
      *            an array of arbitrary numbers. Only the low order 18 bits of
-     *            the first number will be used. If the array contains only one
-     *            number, an old style ref will be written instead. At most
-     *            three numbers will be read from the array.
+     *            the first number will be used. At most three numbers
+     *            will be read from the array.
      *
      * @param creation
-     *            another arbitrary number. Only the low order 2 bits will be
-     *            used.
+     *            another arbitrary number. Only the low order 2 bits will be used.
      *
      */
     public void write_ref(final String node, final int[] ids, final int creation) {
@@ -800,29 +844,54 @@ public class OtpOutputStream extends ByteArrayOutputStream {
             arity = 3; // max 3 words in ref
         }
 
-        if (arity == 1) {
-            // use old method
-            this.write_ref(node, ids[0], creation);
-        } else {
-            // r6 ref
-            write1(OtpExternal.newRefTag);
+	write1(OtpExternal.newRefTag);
 
-            // how many id values
-            write2BE(arity);
+	// how many id values
+	write2BE(arity);
 
-            write_atom(node);
+	write_atom(node);
 
-            // note: creation BEFORE id in r6 ref
-            write1(creation & 0x3); // 2 bits
+	write1(creation & 0x3); // 2 bits
 
-            // first int gets truncated to 18 bits
-            write4BE(ids[0] & 0x3ffff);
+	// first int gets truncated to 18 bits
+	write4BE(ids[0] & 0x3ffff);
 
-            // remaining ones are left as is
-            for (int i = 1; i < arity; i++) {
-                write4BE(ids[i]);
-            }
-        }
+	// remaining ones are left as is
+	for (int i = 1; i < arity; i++) {
+	    write4BE(ids[i]);
+	}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write an Erlang ref to the stream.
+     *
+     * @param ref
+     *            the reference
+     */
+    public void write_ref(OtpErlangRef ref) {
+	int[] ids = ref.ids();
+        int arity = ids.length;
+
+	write1(ref.tag());
+	write2BE(arity);
+	write_atom(ref.node());
+
+	switch (ref.tag()) {
+	case OtpExternal.newRefTag:
+	    write1(ref.creation());
+	    write4BE(ids[0] & 0x3ffff); // first word gets truncated to 18 bits
+	    break;
+	case OtpExternal.newerRefTag:
+	    write4BE(ref.creation());
+	    write4BE(ids[0]); // full first word
+	    break;
+	default:
+	    throw new AssertionError("Invalid ref tag " + ref.tag());
+	}
+
+	for (int i = 1; i < arity; i++) {
+	    write4BE(ids[i]);
+	}
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/lib/jinterface/test/nc_SUITE.erl b/lib/jinterface/test/nc_SUITE.erl
index 9910334749..3022eb1635 100644
--- a/lib/jinterface/test/nc_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/jinterface/test/nc_SUITE.erl
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@
 -define(NEW_REFERENCE_EXT,   114).
 -define(ATOM_UTF8_EXT,       118).
 -define(SMALL_ATOM_UTF8_EXT, 119).
+-define(NEW_PID_EXT,         $X).
+-define(NEW_PORT_EXT,        $Y).
+-define(NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT, $Z).
+
 
 -export([all/0, suite/0,groups/0,init_per_group/2,end_per_group/2,
 	 init_per_suite/1,
@@ -123,12 +127,13 @@ pid_roundtrip(doc) -> [];
 pid_roundtrip(suite) -> [];
 pid_roundtrip(Config) when is_list(Config)->
     ThisNode = {node(), erlang:system_info(creation)},
-    RemNode = {gurka@sallad, 2},
+    RemPids = [mk_pid({gurka@sallad, Cr}, Num, Ser)
+	       || Cr <- [1,2,3,4,16#adec0ded],
+		  {Num, Ser} <- [{4711,4711},{32767, 8191}]],
     do_echo([self(),
 	     mk_pid(ThisNode, 4711, 4711),
-	     mk_pid(ThisNode, 32767, 8191),
-	     mk_pid(RemNode, 4711, 4711),
-	     mk_pid(RemNode, 32767, 8191)],
+	     mk_pid(ThisNode, 32767, 8191)
+	     | RemPids],
 	    Config).
 
 fun_roundtrip(doc) -> [];
@@ -144,26 +149,29 @@ port_roundtrip(doc) -> [];
 port_roundtrip(suite) -> [];
 port_roundtrip(Config) when is_list(Config)->
     ThisNode = {node(), erlang:system_info(creation)},
-    RemNode = {gurka@sallad, 2},
+    RemPorts = [mk_port({gurka@sallad, Cr}, Num)
+		|| Cr <- [1,2,3,4,16#adec0ded],
+		   Num <- [4711, 268435455]],
     do_echo([hd(erlang:ports()),
 	     mk_port(ThisNode, 4711),
-	     mk_port(ThisNode, 268435455),
-	     mk_port(RemNode, 4711),
-	     mk_port(RemNode, 268435455)],
+	     mk_port(ThisNode, 268435455)
+	     | RemPorts],
 	    Config).
 
 ref_roundtrip(doc) -> [];
 ref_roundtrip(suite) -> [];
 ref_roundtrip(Config) when is_list(Config)->
     ThisNode = {node(), erlang:system_info(creation)},
-    RemNode = {gurka@sallad, 2},
+    RemRefs = [mk_ref({gurka@sallad, Cr}, Words)
+	       || Cr <- [1,2,3,4,16#adec0ded],
+		  Words <- [[4711],
+			    [4711, 4711, 4711],
+			    [262143, 4294967295, 4294967295]]],
     do_echo([make_ref(),
 	     mk_ref(ThisNode, [4711]),
 	     mk_ref(ThisNode, [4711, 4711, 4711]),
-	     mk_ref(ThisNode, [262143, 4294967295, 4294967295]),
-	     mk_ref(RemNode, [4711]),
-	     mk_ref(RemNode, [4711, 4711, 4711]),
-	     mk_ref(RemNode, [262143, 4294967295, 4294967295])],
+	     mk_ref(ThisNode, [262143, 4294967295, 4294967295])
+	     | RemRefs],
 	    Config).
 
 new_float(doc) -> [];
@@ -759,17 +767,22 @@ uint8(Uint) ->
     exit({badarg, uint8, [Uint]}).
 
 
+pid_tag(Creation) when Creation =< 3 -> ?PID_EXT;
+pid_tag(_Creation) -> ?NEW_PID_EXT.
+
+enc_creation(Creation) when Creation =< 3 -> uint8(Creation);
+enc_creation(Creation) -> uint32_be(Creation).
 
 mk_pid({NodeName, Creation}, Number, Serial) when is_atom(NodeName) ->
     <<?VERSION_MAGIC, NodeNameExt/binary>> = term_to_binary(NodeName),
     mk_pid({NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number, Serial);
 mk_pid({NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number, Serial) ->
     case catch binary_to_term(list_to_binary([?VERSION_MAGIC,
-					      ?PID_EXT,
+					      pid_tag(Creation),
 					      NodeNameExt,
 					      uint32_be(Number),
 					      uint32_be(Serial),
-					      uint8(Creation)])) of
+					      enc_creation(Creation)])) of
 	Pid when is_pid(Pid) ->
 	    Pid;
 	{'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
@@ -778,15 +791,18 @@ mk_pid({NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number, Serial) ->
 	    exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
     end.
 
+port_tag(Creation) when Creation =< 3 -> ?PORT_EXT;
+port_tag(_Creation) -> ?NEW_PORT_EXT.
+
 mk_port({NodeName, Creation}, Number) when is_atom(NodeName) ->
     <<?VERSION_MAGIC, NodeNameExt/binary>> = term_to_binary(NodeName),
     mk_port({NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number);
 mk_port({NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number) ->
     case catch binary_to_term(list_to_binary([?VERSION_MAGIC,
-					      ?PORT_EXT,
+					      port_tag(Creation),
 					      NodeNameExt,
 					      uint32_be(Number),
-					      uint8(Creation)])) of
+					      enc_creation(Creation)])) of
 	Port when is_port(Port) ->
 	    Port;
 	{'EXIT', {badarg, _}} ->
@@ -795,12 +811,16 @@ mk_port({NodeNameExt, Creation}, Number) ->
 	    exit({unexpected_binary_to_term_result, Other})
     end.
 
+ref_tag(Creation) when Creation =< 3 -> ?NEW_REFERENCE_EXT;
+ref_tag(_Creation) -> ?NEWER_REFERENCE_EXT.
+
 mk_ref({NodeName, Creation}, [Number] = NL) when is_atom(NodeName),
 						 is_integer(Creation),
 						 is_integer(Number) ->
     <<?VERSION_MAGIC, NodeNameExt/binary>> = term_to_binary(NodeName),
     mk_ref({NodeNameExt, Creation}, NL);
 mk_ref({NodeNameExt, Creation}, [Number]) when is_integer(Creation),
+					       Creation =< 3,
 					       is_integer(Number) ->
     case catch binary_to_term(list_to_binary([?VERSION_MAGIC,
 					      ?REFERENCE_EXT,
@@ -822,10 +842,10 @@ mk_ref({NodeName, Creation}, Numbers) when is_atom(NodeName),
 mk_ref({NodeNameExt, Creation}, Numbers) when is_integer(Creation),
 					      is_list(Numbers) ->
     case catch binary_to_term(list_to_binary([?VERSION_MAGIC,
-					      ?NEW_REFERENCE_EXT,
+					      ref_tag(Creation),
 					      uint16_be(length(Numbers)),
 					      NodeNameExt,
-					      uint8(Creation),
+					      enc_creation(Creation),
 					      lists:map(fun (N) ->
 								uint32_be(N)
 							end,
diff --git a/lib/kernel/include/dist.hrl b/lib/kernel/include/dist.hrl
index 47d9459a19..412ea58e65 100644
--- a/lib/kernel/include/dist.hrl
+++ b/lib/kernel/include/dist.hrl
@@ -39,3 +39,4 @@
 -define(DFLAG_SMALL_ATOM_TAGS, 16#4000).
 -define(DFLAG_UTF8_ATOMS, 16#10000).
 -define(DFLAG_MAP_TAG, 16#20000).
+-define(DFLAG_BIG_CREATION, 16#40000).
diff --git a/lib/kernel/src/dist_util.erl b/lib/kernel/src/dist_util.erl
index e3817fcce5..36b9a22493 100644
--- a/lib/kernel/src/dist_util.erl
+++ b/lib/kernel/src/dist_util.erl
@@ -118,7 +118,8 @@ make_this_flags(RequestType, OtherNode) ->
 	 ?DFLAG_DIST_HDR_ATOM_CACHE bor
 	 ?DFLAG_SMALL_ATOM_TAGS bor
 	 ?DFLAG_UTF8_ATOMS bor
-	 ?DFLAG_MAP_TAG).
+	 ?DFLAG_MAP_TAG bor
+	 ?DFLAG_BIG_CREATION).
 
 handshake_other_started(#hs_data{request_type=ReqType}=HSData0) ->
     {PreOtherFlags,Node,Version} = recv_name(HSData0),