Introduce is_map_key/2 guard BIF

This complements the `map_get/2` guard BIF introduced in #1784.

Rationale.

`map_get/2` allows accessing map fields in guards, but it might be
problematic in more complex guard expressions, for example:

foo(X) when map_get(a, X) =:= 1 or is_list(X) -> ...

The `is_list/1` part of the guard could never succeed since the
`map_get/2` guard would fail the whole guard expression. In this
situation, this could be solved by using `;` instead of `or` to separate
the guards, but it is not possible in every case.

To solve this situation, this PR proposes a `is_map_key/2` guard that
allows to check if a map has key inside a guard before trying to access
that key. When combined with `is_map/1` this allows to construct a
purely boolean guard expression testing a value of a key in a map.

Implementation.

Given the use case motivating the introduction of this function, the PR
contains compiler optimisations that produce optimial code for the
following guard expression:

foo(X) when is_map(X) and is_map_key(a, X) and map_get(a, X) =:= 1 -> ok;
foo(_) -> error.

Given all three tests share the failure label, the `is_map_key/2` and
`is_map/2` tests are optimised away.

As with `map_get/2` the `is_map_key/2` BIF is allowed in match specs.

2 files changed, 49 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/map_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/map_SUITE.erl
index 43807b4388..f93c637650 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/map_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/map_SUITE.erl
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
          t_map_size/1,
          t_map_get/1,
          t_is_map/1,
+         t_is_map_key/1,
 
          %% Specific Map BIFs
          t_bif_map_get/1,
@@ -718,7 +719,47 @@ t_map_get(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     true = if map_get(a, M2) =:= 1 -> true; true -> false end,
     false = if map_get(x, M2) =:= 1 -> true; true -> false end,
     do_badmap(fun
-        (T) when map_get(T, x) =:= 1 -> ok;
+        (T) when map_get(x, T) =:= 1 -> ok;
+        (T) -> false = is_map(T)
+    end),
+    ok.
+
+t_is_map_key(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
+    %% small map
+    true = is_map_key(a, id(#{a=>1})),
+    true = is_map_key(b, id(#{a=>1, b=>2})),
+    true = is_map_key("hello", id(#{a=>1, "hello"=>"hi"})),
+    true = is_map_key({1,1.0}, id(#{a=>a, {1,1.0}=>"tuple hi"})),
+
+    M0   = id(#{ k1=>"v1", <<"k2">> => <<"v3">> }),
+    true = is_map_key(<<"k2">>, M0#{<<"k2">> => "v4"}),
+
+    %% large map
+    M1   = maps:from_list([{I,I}||I<-lists:seq(1,100)] ++
+			  [{a,1},{b,2},{"hello","hi"},{{1,1.0},"tuple hi"},
+			   {k1,"v1"},{<<"k2">>,"v3"}]),
+    true = is_map_key(a, M1),
+    true = is_map_key(b, M1),
+    true = is_map_key("hello", M1),
+    true = is_map_key({1,1.0}, M1),
+    true = is_map_key(<<"k2">>, M1),
+
+    %% error cases
+    do_badmap(fun(T) ->
+		      {'EXIT',{{badmap,T},[{erlang,is_map_key,_,_}|_]}} =
+			  (catch is_map_key(a, T))
+	      end),
+
+    false = is_map_key({1,1}, id(#{{1,1.0}=>"tuple"})),
+    false = is_map_key(a, id(#{})),
+    false = is_map_key(a, id(#{b=>1, c=>2})),
+
+    %% in guards
+    M2 = id(#{a=>1}),
+    true = if is_map_key(a, M2) -> true; true -> false end,
+    false = if is_map_key(x, M2) -> true; true -> false end,
+    do_badmap(fun
+        (T) when is_map_key(T, x) =:= 1 -> ok;
         (T) -> false = is_map(T)
     end),
     ok.
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/match_spec_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/match_spec_SUITE.erl
index c1bc01f01e..4415d8d1b9 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/match_spec_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/match_spec_SUITE.erl
@@ -898,6 +898,13 @@ maps(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     {ok,false,[],[]} = erlang:match_spec_test(not_a_map, [{'$1',[{map_get,b,'$1'}],['$_']}], table),
     {ok,true,[],[]} = erlang:match_spec_test(#{a => true}, [{'$1',[{map_get,a,'$1'}],[true]}], table),
 
+    {ok,true,[],[]} = erlang:match_spec_test(#{a => 1}, [{'$1',[],[{is_map_key,a,'$1'}]}], table),
+    {ok,false,[],[]} = erlang:match_spec_test(#{a => 1}, [{'$1',[],[{is_map_key,b,'$1'}]}], table),
+    {ok,'EXIT',[],[]} = erlang:match_spec_test(not_a_map, [{'$1',[],[{is_map_key,a,'$1'}]}], table),
+    {ok,false,[],[]} = erlang:match_spec_test(#{a => 1}, [{'$1',[{is_map_key,b,'$1'}],['$_']}], table),
+    {ok,false,[],[]} = erlang:match_spec_test(not_a_map, [{'$1',[{is_map_key,b,'$1'}],['$_']}], table),
+    {ok,true,[],[]} = erlang:match_spec_test(#{a => true}, [{'$1',[{is_map_key,a,'$1'}],[true]}], table),
+
     %% large maps
 
     Ls0 = [{I,<<I:32>>}||I <- lists:seq(1,415)],