Merge branch 'master' into sverker/enif_select

Conflicts:
	erts/emulator/beam/erl_binary.h
	erts/emulator/beam/erl_monitors.c
	erts/emulator/beam/erl_nif.c
	erts/emulator/beam/global.h
	erts/emulator/test/nif_SUITE_data/nif_SUITE.c

162 files changed, 3663 insertions, 2008 deletions

diff --git a/erts/aclocal.m4 b/erts/aclocal.m4
index 6c0544da31..5ea4c2ccf3 100644
--- a/erts/aclocal.m4
+++ b/erts/aclocal.m4
@@ -1704,6 +1704,25 @@ case "$THR_LIB_NAME" in
 			AC_DEFINE(ETHR_TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME, 1, \
 [Define if you can safely include both <sys/time.h> and <time.h>.]))
 
+	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for usable PTHREAD_STACK_MIN])
+	pthread_stack_min=no
+	AC_TRY_COMPILE([
+#include <limits.h>
+#if defined(ETHR_NEED_NPTL_PTHREAD_H)
+#include <nptl/pthread.h>
+#elif defined(ETHR_HAVE_MIT_PTHREAD_H)
+#include <pthread/mit/pthread.h>
+#elif defined(ETHR_HAVE_PTHREAD_H)
+#include <pthread.h>
+#endif
+			], 
+			[return PTHREAD_STACK_MIN;],
+			[pthread_stack_min=yes])
+
+	AC_MSG_RESULT([$pthread_stack_min])
+	test $pthread_stack_min != yes || {
+	     AC_DEFINE(ETHR_HAVE_USABLE_PTHREAD_STACK_MIN, 1, [Define if you can use PTHREAD_STACK_MIN])
+	}
 
 	dnl
 	dnl Check for functions
diff --git a/erts/configure.in b/erts/configure.in
index e1233cee59..1c4a3e90ef 100644
--- a/erts/configure.in
+++ b/erts/configure.in
@@ -1911,7 +1911,25 @@ case X$erl_xcomp_bigendian in
     *) AC_MSG_ERROR([Bad erl_xcomp_bigendian value: $erl_xcomp_bigendian]);;
 esac
 
-AC_C_BIGENDIAN
+AC_C_BIGENDIAN(
+	[
+	 AC_DEFINE([WORDS_BIGENDIAN], [1], [Define if big-endian])
+	 AC_DEFINE([ERTS_ENDIANNESS], [1], [Define > 0 if big-endian < 0 if little-endian, or 0 if unknown])
+	],
+	[
+	 AC_DEFINE([ERTS_ENDIANNESS], [-1], [Define > 0 if big-endian < 0 if little-endian, or 0 if unknown])
+	],
+	[
+	  case "$erl_xcomp_bigendian" in
+	    yes)
+	     AC_DEFINE([ERTS_ENDIANNESS], [1], [Define > 0 if big-endian < 0 if little-endian, or 0 if unknown]);;
+	    no)
+	     AC_DEFINE([ERTS_ENDIANNESS], [-1], [Define > 0 if big-endian < 0 if little-endian, or 0 if unknown]);;
+	    *)
+	     AC_DEFINE([ERTS_ENDIANNESS], [0], [Define > 0 if big-endian < 0 if little-endian, or 0 if unknown]);;
+	  esac
+	])	
+
 AC_C_DOUBLE_MIDDLE_ENDIAN
 
 dnl fdatasync syscall (Unix only)
diff --git a/erts/doc/src/erl.xml b/erts/doc/src/erl.xml
index 4e32118405..29fef7348b 100644
--- a/erts/doc/src/erl.xml
+++ b/erts/doc/src/erl.xml
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@
           this value also applies to command-line parameters and environment
           variables (see section <seealso
           marker="stdlib:unicode_usage#unicode_in_environment_and_parameters">
-          Unicode in Enviroment and Parameters</seealso> in the STDLIB
+          Unicode in Environment and Parameters</seealso> in the STDLIB
           User's Guide).</p>
       </item>
       <tag><c><![CDATA[+fnu[{w|i|e}]]]></c></tag>
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@
           this value also applies to command-line parameters and environment
           variables (see section <seealso
           marker="stdlib:unicode_usage#unicode_in_environment_and_parameters">
-          Unicode in Enviroment and Parameters</seealso> in the STDLIB
+          Unicode in Environment and Parameters</seealso> in the STDLIB
           User's Guide).</p>
       </item>
       <tag><c><![CDATA[+fna[{w|i|e}]]]></c></tag>
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@
           this value also applies to command-line parameters and environment
           variables (see section <seealso
           marker="stdlib:unicode_usage#unicode_in_environment_and_parameters">
-          Unicode in Enviroment and Parameters</seealso> in the STDLIB
+          Unicode in Environment and Parameters</seealso> in the STDLIB
           User's Guide).</p>
       </item>
       <tag><c><![CDATA[+hms Size]]></c></tag>
diff --git a/erts/doc/src/erl_driver.xml b/erts/doc/src/erl_driver.xml
index d8bf45c523..7fbe97bc0b 100644
--- a/erts/doc/src/erl_driver.xml
+++ b/erts/doc/src/erl_driver.xml
@@ -1103,8 +1103,7 @@ r = driver_async(myPort, &myKey, myData, myFunc);    ]]></code>
         <marker id="driver_binary_dec_refc"></marker>
         <p>Decrements the reference count on <c>bin</c> and returns
           the reference count reached after the decrement.</p>
-        <p>This function is only thread-safe when the emulator with SMP
-          support is used.</p>
+        <p>This function is thread-safe.</p>
         <note>
           <p>The reference count of driver binary is normally to be decremented
             by calling <seealso marker="#driver_free_binary">
@@ -1124,8 +1123,7 @@ r = driver_async(myPort, &myKey, myData, myFunc);    ]]></code>
       <desc>
         <marker id="driver_binary_get_refc"></marker>
         <p>Returns the current reference count on <c>bin</c>.</p>
-        <p>This function is only thread-safe when the emulator with SMP
-          support is used.</p>
+        <p>This function is thread-safe.</p>
       </desc>
     </func>
 
@@ -1137,8 +1135,7 @@ r = driver_async(myPort, &myKey, myData, myFunc);    ]]></code>
         <marker id="driver_binary_inc_refc"></marker>
         <p>Increments the reference count on <c>bin</c> and returns
           the reference count reached after the increment.</p>
-        <p>This function is only thread-safe when the emulator with SMP
-          support is used.</p>
+        <p>This function is thread-safe.</p>
       </desc>
     </func>
 
@@ -1434,8 +1431,7 @@ r = driver_async(myPort, &myKey, myData, myFunc);    ]]></code>
         <seealso marker="#driver_alloc_binary">
         <c>driver_alloc_binary</c></seealso>. As binaries
           in Erlang are reference counted, the binary can still be around.</p>
-        <p>This function is only thread-safe when the emulator with SMP
-          support is used.</p>
+        <p>This function is thread-safe.</p>
       </desc>
     </func>
 
@@ -1872,8 +1868,7 @@ r = driver_async(myPort, &myKey, myData, myFunc);    ]]></code>
         <p>Resizes a driver binary, while keeping the data.</p>
         <p>Returns the resized driver binary on success. Returns <c>NULL</c>
           on failure (out of memory).</p>
-        <p>This function is only thread-safe when the emulator with SMP
-          support is used.</p>
+        <p>This function is thread-safe.</p>
       </desc>
     </func>
 
diff --git a/erts/doc/src/erl_ext_dist.xml b/erts/doc/src/erl_ext_dist.xml
index 4f799f8f34..a436a9ca74 100644
--- a/erts/doc/src/erl_ext_dist.xml
+++ b/erts/doc/src/erl_ext_dist.xml
@@ -119,16 +119,11 @@
     <tcaption>Compressed Data Format when Expanded</tcaption></table>
     <marker id="utf8_atoms"/>
     <note>
-      <p>As from ERTS 5.10 (OTP R16) support
-        for UTF-8 encoded atoms has been introduced in the external format.
-        However, only characters that can be encoded using Latin-1 (ISO-8859-1)
-        are currently supported in atoms. The support for UTF-8 encoded atoms
-        in the external format has been implemented to be able to support
-        all Unicode characters in atoms in <em>some future release</em>.
-        Until full Unicode support for atoms has been introduced,
-        it is an <em>error</em> to pass atoms containing
-        characters that cannot be encoded in Latin-1, and <em>the behavior is
-        undefined</em>.</p>
+      <p>As from ERTS 9.0 (OTP 20), UTF-8 encoded atoms may contain any Unicode
+        character. Although the support for UTF-8 encoded atoms in the external
+        format is available since ERTS 5.10 (OTP R16), passing atoms that cannot
+        be encoded in Latin-1 is an <em>error</em> in versions earlier than
+        Erlang/OTP 20, and <em>the behavior is undefined</em>.</p>
       <p>When distribution flag <seealso marker="erl_dist_protocol#dflags">
         <c>DFLAG_UTF8_ATOMS</c></seealso> has been exchanged between both nodes
         in the <seealso marker="erl_dist_protocol#distribution_handshake">
diff --git a/erts/doc/src/erl_nif.xml b/erts/doc/src/erl_nif.xml
index e8e7bd4a80..a55092332e 100644
--- a/erts/doc/src/erl_nif.xml
+++ b/erts/doc/src/erl_nif.xml
@@ -2564,7 +2564,7 @@ enif_map_iterator_destroy(env, &amp;iter);</code>
               CPU-bound, or <c>ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_IO_BOUND</c> for
               jobs that will be I/O-bound. If dirty scheduler threads are not
               available in the emulator, an attempt to schedule such a job
-              results in a <c>badarg</c> exception.</p>
+              results in a <c>notsup</c> exception.</p>
           </item>
           <tag><c>argc</c> and <c>argv</c></tag>
           <item>
diff --git a/erts/doc/src/erl_tracer.xml b/erts/doc/src/erl_tracer.xml
index 43613c31b1..2681a19da0 100644
--- a/erts/doc/src/erl_tracer.xml
+++ b/erts/doc/src/erl_tracer.xml
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
           <item>If set the tracer has been requested to include a
             time stamp.</item>
           <tag><c>extra</c></tag>
-          <item>If set the tracepoint has included additonal data about
+          <item>If set the tracepoint has included additional data about
             the trace event. What the additional data is depends on which
             <c>TraceTag</c> has been triggered. The <c>extra</c> trace data
             corresponds to the fifth element in the trace tuples described in
diff --git a/erts/doc/src/erlang.xml b/erts/doc/src/erlang.xml
index 7815bfa510..352d30f3b4 100644
--- a/erts/doc/src/erlang.xml
+++ b/erts/doc/src/erlang.xml
@@ -325,16 +325,11 @@ Z = erlang:adler32_combine(X,Y,iolist_size(Data2)).</code>
           is <c>latin1</c>, one byte exists for each character
           in the text representation. If <c><anno>Encoding</anno></c> is
           <c>utf8</c> or
-          <c>unicode</c>, the characters are encoded using UTF-8
-          (that is, characters from 128 through 255 are
-          encoded in two bytes).</p>
+          <c>unicode</c>, the characters are encoded using UTF-8 where
+          characters may require multiple bytes.</p>
         <note>
-          <p><c>atom_to_binary(<anno>Atom</anno>, latin1)</c> never
-            fails, as the text representation of an atom can only
-            contain characters from 0 through 255. In a future release,
-            the text representation
-            of atoms can be allowed to contain any Unicode character and
-            <c>atom_to_binary(<anno>Atom</anno>, latin1)</c> then fails if the
+          <p>As from Erlang/OTP 20, atoms can contain any Unicode character
+            and <c>atom_to_binary(<anno>Atom</anno>, latin1)</c> may fail if the
             text representation for <c><anno>Atom</anno></c> contains a Unicode
             character &gt; 255.</p>
         </note>
@@ -402,13 +397,11 @@ Z = erlang:adler32_combine(X,Y,iolist_size(Data2)).</code>
           translation of bytes in the binary is done.
           If <c><anno>Encoding</anno></c>
           is <c>utf8</c> or <c>unicode</c>, the binary must contain
-          valid UTF-8 sequences. Only Unicode characters up
-          to 255 are allowed.</p>
+          valid UTF-8 sequences.</p>
         <note>
-          <p><c>binary_to_atom(<anno>Binary</anno>, utf8)</c> fails if
-            the binary contains Unicode characters &gt; 255.
-            In a future release, such Unicode characters can be allowed and
-            <c>binary_to_atom(<anno>Binary</anno>, utf8)</c> does then not fail.
+          <p>As from Erlang/OTP 20, <c>binary_to_atom(<anno>Binary</anno>, utf8)</c>
+            is capable of encoding any Unicode character. Earlier versions would
+            fail if the binary contained Unicode characters &gt; 255.
             For more information about Unicode support in atoms, see the
             <seealso marker="erl_ext_dist#utf8_atoms">note on UTF-8
             encoded atoms</seealso>
@@ -419,9 +412,7 @@ Z = erlang:adler32_combine(X,Y,iolist_size(Data2)).</code>
 > <input>binary_to_atom(&lt;&lt;"Erlang"&gt;&gt;, latin1).</input>
 'Erlang'
 > <input>binary_to_atom(&lt;&lt;1024/utf8&gt;&gt;, utf8).</input>
-** exception error: bad argument
-     in function  binary_to_atom/2
-        called as binary_to_atom(&lt;&lt;208,128&gt;&gt;,utf8)</pre>
+'Ѐ'</pre>
       </desc>
     </func>
 
@@ -1955,26 +1946,6 @@ os_prompt%</pre>
     </func>
 
     <func>
-      <name name="hash" arity="2"/>
-      <fsummary>Hash function (deprecated).</fsummary>
-      <desc>
-        <p>Returns a hash value for <c><anno>Term</anno></c> within the range
-          <c>1..<anno>Range</anno></c>. The maximum range is 1..2^27-1.</p>
-        <warning>
-          <p><em>This BIF is deprecated, as the hash value can differ on
-            different architectures.</em> The hash values for integer
-            terms &gt; 2^27 and large binaries are
-            poor. The BIF is retained for backward compatibility
-            reasons (it can have been used to hash records into a file),
-            but all new code is to use one of the BIFs
-            <seealso marker="#phash/2"><c>erlang:phash/2</c></seealso> or
-            <seealso marker="#phash2/1"><c>erlang:phash2/1,2</c></seealso>
-            instead.</p>
-        </warning>
-      </desc>
-    </func>
-
-    <func>
       <name name="hd" arity="1"/>
       <fsummary>Head of a list.</fsummary>
       <desc>
@@ -2401,10 +2372,10 @@ os_prompt%</pre>
       <desc>
         <p>Returns the atom whose text representation is
           <c><anno>String</anno></c>.</p>
-        <p><c><anno>String</anno></c> can only contain ISO-latin-1
-          characters (that is, numbers &lt; 256) as the implementation does not
-          allow Unicode characters equal to or above 256 in atoms.
-          For more information on Unicode support in atoms, see
+        <p>As from Erlang/OTP 20, <c><anno>String</anno></c> may contain
+          any Unicode character. Earlier versions allowed only ISO-latin-1
+          characters as the implementation did not allow Unicode characters
+          above 255. For more information on Unicode support in atoms, see
           <seealso marker="erl_ext_dist#utf8_atoms">note on UTF-8
           encoded atoms</seealso>
           in section "External Term Format" in the User's Guide.</p>
@@ -3818,9 +3789,6 @@ RealSystem = system + MissedSystem</code>
           <c><anno>Term</anno></c> within the range
           <c>1..<anno>Range</anno></c>. The maximum value for
           <c><anno>Range</anno></c> is 2^32.</p>
-        <p>This BIF can be used instead of the old deprecated BIF
-          <c>erlang:hash/2</c>, as it calculates better hashes for
-          all data types, but consider using <c>phash2/1,2</c> instead.</p>
       </desc>
     </func>
 
@@ -3855,10 +3823,6 @@ RealSystem = system + MissedSystem</code>
       <desc>
         <p>Returns a string corresponding to the text
           representation of <c><anno>Pid</anno></c>.</p>
-        <warning>
-          <p>This BIF is intended for debugging and is not to be used
-            in application programs.</p>
-        </warning>
       </desc>
     </func>
 
@@ -4431,10 +4395,6 @@ RealSystem = system + MissedSystem</code>
       <desc>
         <p>Returns a string corresponding to the text
           representation of the port identifier <c><anno>Port</anno></c>.</p>
-        <warning>
-          <p>This BIF is intended for debugging. It is not to be used
-            in application programs.</p>
-        </warning>
       </desc>
     </func>
 
@@ -4631,7 +4591,7 @@ RealSystem = system + MissedSystem</code>
         <p>If the process potentially can get many messages,
           you are advised to set the flag to <c>off_heap</c>. This
           because a garbage collection with many messages placed on
-          the heap can become extremly expensive and the process can
+          the heap can become extremely expensive and the process can
           consume large amounts of memory. Performance of the
           actual message passing is however generally better when not
           using flag <c>off_heap</c>.</p>
diff --git a/erts/doc/src/erts_alloc.xml b/erts/doc/src/erts_alloc.xml
index 8ab35851c1..49dadfb42c 100644
--- a/erts/doc/src/erts_alloc.xml
+++ b/erts/doc/src/erts_alloc.xml
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@
             utilization value &gt; 0 is used, allocator instances
             are allowed to abandon multiblock carriers. If <c>de</c> (default
             enabled) is passed instead of a <c><![CDATA[<utilization>]]></c>,
-            a recomended non-zero utilization value is used. The value
+            a recommended non-zero utilization value is used. The value
             chosen depends on the allocator type and can be changed between
             ERTS versions. Defaults to <c>de</c>, but this
             can be changed in the future.</p>
diff --git a/erts/doc/src/notes.xml b/erts/doc/src/notes.xml
index 812538729d..05142c9338 100644
--- a/erts/doc/src/notes.xml
+++ b/erts/doc/src/notes.xml
@@ -32,12 +32,39 @@
   <p>This document describes the changes made to the ERTS application.</p>
 
 
-<section><title>Erts 8.2.1</title>
+<section><title>Erts 8.2.2</title>
 
     <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
       <list>
         <item>
           <p>
+	    Fix bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> for binaries created by
+	    <c>term_to_binary </c> with option <c>compressed</c>. The
+	    bug can cause <c>badarg</c> exception for a valid binary
+	    when Erlang VM is linked against a <c>zlib</c> library of
+	    version 1.2.9 or newer. Bug exists since OTP 17.0.</p>
+          <p>
+	    Own Id: OTP-14159 Aux Id: ERL-340 </p>
+        </item>
+        <item>
+          <p>
+	    The driver efile_drv when opening a file now use fstat()
+	    on the open file instead of stat() before opening, if
+	    fstat() exists. This avoids a race when the file happens
+	    to change between stat() and open().</p>
+          <p>
+	    Own Id: OTP-14184 Aux Id: seq-13266 </p>
+        </item>
+      </list>
+    </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.2.1</title>
+    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+      <list>
+        <item>
+          <p>
 	    Fix a quite rare bug causing VM crash during code loading
 	    and the use of export funs (fun M:F/A) of not yet loaded
 	    modules. Requires a very specfic timing of concurrent
@@ -537,7 +564,7 @@
       <list>
         <item>
           <p>
-	    Fixed a VM crash that occured in a garbage collection of
+	    Fixed a VM crash that occurred in a garbage collection of
 	    a process when it had received binaries. This bug was
 	    introduced in ERTS version 8.0 (OTP 19.0).</p>
           <p>
@@ -554,7 +581,7 @@
       <list>
         <item>
           <p>
-	    Fixed a VM crash that occured in garbage collection of a
+	    Fixed a VM crash that occurred in garbage collection of a
 	    process when it had received maps over the distribution.
 	    This bug was introduced in ERTS version 8.0 (OTP 19.0).</p>
           <p>
@@ -5655,7 +5682,7 @@
 	    dependent, so applications aiming to be portable should
 	    consider using <c>{ipv6_v6only,true}</c> when creating an
 	    <c>inet6</c> listening/destination socket, and if
-	    neccesary also create an <c>inet</c> socket on the same
+	    necessary also create an <c>inet</c> socket on the same
 	    port for IPv4 traffic. See the documentation.</p>
           <p>
 	    Own Id: OTP-8928 Aux Id: kunagi-193 [104] </p>
@@ -6036,7 +6063,7 @@
 	    This change of default value will reduce lock contention
 	    on ETS tables using the <c>read_concurrency</c> option at
 	    the expense of memory consumption when the amount of
-	    schedulers and logical processors are beween 8 and 64.
+	    schedulers and logical processors are between 8 and 64.
 	    For more information, see documentation of the <c>+rg</c>
 	    command line argument of <c>erl(1)</c>.</p>
           <p>
@@ -7013,7 +7040,7 @@
           <p>
 	    For the subsection about process_flag(save_calls, N)
 	    there's an unrelated paragraph about process priorities
-	    which was copied from the preceeding subsection regarding
+	    which was copied from the preceding subsection regarding
 	    process_flag(priority, Level). (Thanks to Filipe David
 	    Manana)</p>
           <p>
@@ -8228,7 +8255,7 @@
         <item>
           <p>
 	    Wx on MacOS X generated complains on stderr about certain
-	    cocoa functions not beeing called from the "Main thread".
+	    cocoa functions not being called from the "Main thread".
 	    This is now corrected.</p>
           <p>
 	    Own Id: OTP-9081</p>
@@ -9219,7 +9246,7 @@
         </item>
         <item>
 	    <p>The <c>empd</c> program could loop and consume 100%
-	    CPU time if an unexpected error ocurred in
+	    CPU time if an unexpected error occurred in
 	    <c>listen()</c> or <c>accept()</c>. Now <c>epmd</c> will
 	    terminate if a non-recoverable error occurs. (Thanks to
 	    Michael Santos.)</p>
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/atom.c b/erts/emulator/beam/atom.c
index 2b5ad097a0..2055c29190 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/atom.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/atom.c
@@ -233,10 +233,10 @@ need_convertion:
 }
 
 /*
- * erts_atom_put() may fail. If it fails THE_NON_VALUE is returned!
+ * erts_atom_put_index() may fail. Returns negative indexes for errors.
  */
-Eterm
-erts_atom_put(const byte *name, int len, ErtsAtomEncoding enc, int trunc)
+int
+erts_atom_put_index(const byte *name, int len, ErtsAtomEncoding enc, int trunc)
 {
     byte utf8_copy[MAX_ATOM_SZ_FROM_LATIN1];
     const byte *text = name;
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ erts_atom_put(const byte *name, int len, ErtsAtomEncoding enc, int trunc)
 	if (trunc)
 	    tlen = 0;
 	else
-	    return THE_NON_VALUE;
+	    return ATOM_MAX_CHARS_ERROR;
     }
 
     switch (enc) {
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ erts_atom_put(const byte *name, int len, ErtsAtomEncoding enc, int trunc)
 	    if (trunc)
 		tlen = MAX_ATOM_CHARACTERS;
 	    else
-		return THE_NON_VALUE;
+		return ATOM_MAX_CHARS_ERROR;
 	}
 #ifdef DEBUG
 	for (aix = 0; aix < len; aix++) {
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ erts_atom_put(const byte *name, int len, ErtsAtomEncoding enc, int trunc)
 	    if (trunc)
 		tlen = MAX_ATOM_CHARACTERS;
 	    else
-		return THE_NON_VALUE;
+		return ATOM_MAX_CHARS_ERROR;
 	}
 	no_latin1_chars = tlen;
 	latin1_to_utf8(utf8_copy, &text, &tlen);
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ erts_atom_put(const byte *name, int len, ErtsAtomEncoding enc, int trunc)
     case ERTS_ATOM_ENC_UTF8:
 	/* First sanity check; need to verify later */
 	if (tlen > MAX_ATOM_SZ_LIMIT && !trunc)
-	    return THE_NON_VALUE;
+	    return ATOM_MAX_CHARS_ERROR;
 	break;
     }
 
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ erts_atom_put(const byte *name, int len, ErtsAtomEncoding enc, int trunc)
     atom_read_unlock();
     if (aix >= 0) {
 	/* Already in table no need to verify it */
-	return make_atom(aix);
+	return aix;
     }
 
     if (enc == ERTS_ATOM_ENC_UTF8) {
@@ -314,13 +314,13 @@ erts_atom_put(const byte *name, int len, ErtsAtomEncoding enc, int trunc)
 	case ERTS_UTF8_OK_MAX_CHARS:
 	    /* Truncated... */
 	    if (!trunc)
-		return THE_NON_VALUE;
+		return ATOM_MAX_CHARS_ERROR;
 	    ASSERT(no_chars == MAX_ATOM_CHARACTERS);
 	    tlen = err_pos - text;
 	    break;
 	default:
 	    /* Bad utf8... */
-	    return THE_NON_VALUE;
+	    return ATOM_BAD_ENCODING_ERROR;
 	}
     }
 
@@ -333,7 +333,20 @@ erts_atom_put(const byte *name, int len, ErtsAtomEncoding enc, int trunc)
     atom_write_lock();
     aix = index_put(&erts_atom_table, (void*) &a);
     atom_write_unlock();
-    return make_atom(aix);
+    return aix;
+}
+
+/*
+ * erts_atom_put() may fail. If it fails THE_NON_VALUE is returned!
+ */
+Eterm
+erts_atom_put(const byte *name, int len, ErtsAtomEncoding enc, int trunc)
+{
+    int aix = erts_atom_put_index(name, len, enc, trunc);
+    if (aix >= 0)
+	return make_atom(aix);
+    else
+	return THE_NON_VALUE;
 }
 
 Eterm
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/atom.h b/erts/emulator/beam/atom.h
index abd3b44993..be998a46bd 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/atom.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/atom.h
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@
 #define MAX_ATOM_SZ_LIMIT (4*MAX_ATOM_CHARACTERS) /* theoretical byte limit */
 #define ATOM_LIMIT (1024*1024)
 #define MIN_ATOM_TABLE_SIZE 8192
+#define ATOM_BAD_ENCODING_ERROR -1
+#define ATOM_MAX_CHARS_ERROR -2
 
 #ifndef ARCH_32
 /* Internal atom cache needs MAX_ATOM_TABLE_SIZE to be less than an
@@ -133,6 +135,7 @@ int atom_table_sz(void);	/* table size in bytes, excluding stored objects */
 
 Eterm am_atom_put(const char*, int); /* ONLY 7-bit ascii! */
 Eterm erts_atom_put(const byte *name, int len, ErtsAtomEncoding enc, int trunc);
+int erts_atom_put_index(const byte *name, int len, ErtsAtomEncoding enc, int trunc);
 void init_atom_table(void);
 void atom_info(fmtfn_t, void *);
 void dump_atoms(fmtfn_t, void *);
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/atom.names b/erts/emulator/beam/atom.names
index dd0a42b5ba..df2866b40e 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/atom.names
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/atom.names
@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@ atom current_stacktrace
 atom data
 atom debug_flags
 atom decimals
+atom default
 atom delay_trap
 atom dexit
 atom depth
@@ -245,6 +246,7 @@ atom Eq='=:='
 atom Eqeq='=='
 atom erl_tracer
 atom erlang
+atom erl_signal_server
 atom ERROR='ERROR'
 atom error_handler
 atom error_logger
@@ -312,6 +314,7 @@ atom global
 atom Gt='>'
 atom grun
 atom group_leader
+atom handle
 atom have_dt_utag
 atom heap_block_size
 atom heap_size
@@ -376,6 +379,7 @@ atom long_schedule
 atom low
 atom Lt='<'
 atom machine
+atom magic_ref
 atom major
 atom match
 atom match_limit
@@ -572,7 +576,7 @@ atom running_procs
 atom runtime
 atom safe
 atom save_calls
-atom scheduler 
+atom scheduler
 atom scheduler_id
 atom scheduler_wall_time
 atom scheduler_wall_time_all
@@ -600,6 +604,19 @@ atom set_tcw
 atom set_tcw_fake
 atom separate
 atom shared
+atom sighup
+atom sigterm
+atom sigusr1
+atom sigusr2
+atom sigill
+atom sigchld
+atom sigabrt
+atom sigalrm
+atom sigstop
+atom sigint
+atom sigsegv
+atom sigtstp
+atom sigquit
 atom silent
 atom size
 atom sl_alloc
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/beam_bif_load.c b/erts/emulator/beam/beam_bif_load.c
index c8dde8caf8..4ba8c2a669 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/beam_bif_load.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/beam_bif_load.c
@@ -156,11 +156,13 @@ BIF_RETTYPE code_make_stub_module_3(BIF_ALIST_3)
     Module* modp;
     Eterm res, mod;
 
-    if (!ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(BIF_ARG_1) ||
-	is_not_atom(mod = erts_module_for_prepared_code
-		    (((ProcBin*)binary_val(BIF_ARG_1))->val))) {
+    if (!is_internal_magic_ref(BIF_ARG_1))
+	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
+
+    mod = erts_module_for_prepared_code(erts_magic_ref2bin(BIF_ARG_1));
+
+    if (is_not_atom(mod))
 	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
-    }
 
     if (!erts_try_seize_code_write_permission(BIF_P)) {
 	ERTS_BIF_YIELD3(bif_export[BIF_code_make_stub_module_3],
@@ -229,8 +231,8 @@ prepare_loading_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
 	res = TUPLE2(hp, am_error, reason);
 	BIF_RET(res);
     }
-    hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-    res = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(BIF_P), magic);
+    hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+    res = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(BIF_P), magic);
     erts_refc_dec(&magic->refc, 1);
     BIF_RET(res);
 }
@@ -239,15 +241,13 @@ BIF_RETTYPE
 has_prepared_code_on_load_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 {
     Eterm res;
-    ProcBin* pb;
 
-    if (!ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(BIF_ARG_1)) {
+    if (!is_internal_magic_ref(BIF_ARG_1)) {
     error:
 	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
     }
 
-    pb = (ProcBin*) binary_val(BIF_ARG_1);
-    res = erts_has_code_on_load(pb->val);
+    res = erts_has_code_on_load(erts_magic_ref2bin(BIF_ARG_1));
     if (res == NIL) {
 	goto error;
     }
@@ -333,13 +333,11 @@ finish_loading_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 	Eterm* cons = list_val(BIF_ARG_1);
 	Eterm term = CAR(cons);
-	ProcBin* pb;
 
-	if (!ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(term)) {
+	if (!is_internal_magic_ref(term)) {
 	    goto badarg;
 	}
-	pb = (ProcBin*) binary_val(term);
-	p[i].code = pb->val;
+	p[i].code = erts_magic_ref2bin(term);
 	p[i].module = erts_module_for_prepared_code(p[i].code);
 	if (p[i].module == NIL) {
 	    goto badarg;
@@ -1120,11 +1118,6 @@ check_process_code(Process* rp, Module* modp, int *redsp, int fcalls)
     if (erts_check_nif_export_in_area(rp, mod_start, mod_size))
 	return am_true;
 
-    *redsp += 1;
-
-    if (erts_check_nif_export_in_area(rp, mod_start, mod_size))
-	return am_true;
-
     *redsp += (STACK_START(rp) - rp->stop) / 32;
 
     /*
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/beam_bp.c b/erts/emulator/beam/beam_bp.c
index 27329a339e..b32c74ce7a 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/beam_bp.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/beam_bp.c
@@ -392,17 +392,17 @@ consolidate_bp_data(Module* modp, ErtsCodeInfo *ci, int local)
     }
     if (flags & ERTS_BPF_META_TRACE) {
 	dst->meta_tracer = src->meta_tracer;
-	erts_refc_inc(&dst->meta_tracer->refc, 1);
+	erts_smp_refc_inc(&dst->meta_tracer->refc, 1);
 	dst->meta_ms = src->meta_ms;
 	MatchSetRef(dst->meta_ms);
     }
     if (flags & ERTS_BPF_COUNT) {
 	dst->count = src->count;
-	erts_refc_inc(&dst->count->refc, 1);
+	erts_smp_refc_inc(&dst->count->refc, 1);
     }
     if (flags & ERTS_BPF_TIME_TRACE) {
 	dst->time = src->time;
-	erts_refc_inc(&dst->time->refc, 1);
+	erts_smp_refc_inc(&dst->time->refc, 1);
 	ASSERT(dst->time->hash);
     }
 }
@@ -1576,7 +1576,7 @@ set_function_break(ErtsCodeInfo *ci, Binary *match_spec, Uint break_flags,
 	MatchSetRef(match_spec);
 	bp->meta_ms = match_spec;
 	bmt = Alloc(sizeof(BpMetaTracer));
-	erts_refc_init(&bmt->refc, 1);
+	erts_smp_refc_init(&bmt->refc, 1);
         erts_tracer_update(&meta_tracer, tracer); /* copy tracer */
 	erts_smp_atomic_init_nob(&bmt->tracer, (erts_aint_t)meta_tracer);
 	bp->meta_tracer = bmt;
@@ -1585,7 +1585,7 @@ set_function_break(ErtsCodeInfo *ci, Binary *match_spec, Uint break_flags,
 
 	ASSERT((bp->flags & ERTS_BPF_COUNT) == 0);
 	bcp = Alloc(sizeof(BpCount));
-	erts_refc_init(&bcp->refc, 1);
+	erts_smp_refc_init(&bcp->refc, 1);
 	erts_smp_atomic_init_nob(&bcp->acount, 0);
 	bp->count = bcp;
     } else if (break_flags & ERTS_BPF_TIME_TRACE) {
@@ -1594,7 +1594,7 @@ set_function_break(ErtsCodeInfo *ci, Binary *match_spec, Uint break_flags,
 
 	ASSERT((bp->flags & ERTS_BPF_TIME_TRACE) == 0);
 	bdt = Alloc(sizeof(BpDataTime));
-	erts_refc_init(&bdt->refc, 1);
+	erts_smp_refc_init(&bdt->refc, 1);
 #ifdef ERTS_DIRTY_SCHEDULERS
 	bdt->n = erts_no_schedulers + 1;
 #else
@@ -1664,7 +1664,7 @@ clear_function_break(ErtsCodeInfo *ci, Uint break_flags)
 static void
 bp_meta_unref(BpMetaTracer* bmt)
 {
-    if (erts_refc_dectest(&bmt->refc, 0) <= 0) {
+    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&bmt->refc, 0) <= 0) {
         ErtsTracer trc = erts_smp_atomic_read_nob(&bmt->tracer);
         ERTS_TRACER_CLEAR(&trc);
 	Free(bmt);
@@ -1674,7 +1674,7 @@ bp_meta_unref(BpMetaTracer* bmt)
 static void
 bp_count_unref(BpCount* bcp)
 {
-    if (erts_refc_dectest(&bcp->refc, 0) <= 0) {
+    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&bcp->refc, 0) <= 0) {
 	Free(bcp);
     }
 }
@@ -1682,7 +1682,7 @@ bp_count_unref(BpCount* bcp)
 static void
 bp_time_unref(BpDataTime* bdt)
 {
-    if (erts_refc_dectest(&bdt->refc, 0) <= 0) {
+    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&bdt->refc, 0) <= 0) {
 	Uint i = 0;
 	Uint j = 0;
 	Process *h_p = NULL;
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/beam_bp.h b/erts/emulator/beam/beam_bp.h
index cccd395e0a..3dba3cc1b5 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/beam_bp.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/beam_bp.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ typedef struct {
 typedef struct bp_data_time {     /* Call time */
     Uint n;
     bp_time_hash_t *hash;
-    erts_refc_t refc;
+    erts_smp_refc_t refc;
 } BpDataTime;
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ typedef struct {
 
 typedef struct {
     erts_smp_atomic_t acount;
-    erts_refc_t refc;
+    erts_smp_refc_t refc;
 } BpCount;
 
 typedef struct {
     erts_smp_atomic_t tracer;
-    erts_refc_t refc;
+    erts_smp_refc_t refc;
 } BpMetaTracer;
 
 typedef struct generic_bp_data {
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/beam_emu.c b/erts/emulator/beam/beam_emu.c
index 85d92321b8..49f932a1c2 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/beam_emu.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/beam_emu.c
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ do {                                     \
 
 /*
  * We reuse some of fields in the save area in the process structure.
- * This is safe to do, since this space is only activly used when
+ * This is safe to do, since this space is only actively used when
  * the process is switched out.
  */
 #define REDS_IN(p)  ((p)->def_arg_reg[5])
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ BeamInstr* em_call_bif_e;
 
 /* NOTE These should be the only variables containing trace instructions.
 **      Sometimes tests are form the instruction value, and sometimes
-**      for the refering variable (one of these), and rouge references
+**      for the referring variable (one of these), and rouge references
 **      will most likely cause chaos.
 */
 BeamInstr beam_return_to_trace[1];   /* OpCode(i_return_to_trace) */
@@ -2993,7 +2993,7 @@ do {						\
  }
 
  /*
-  * An error occured in an arithmetic operation or test that could
+  * An error occurred in an arithmetic operation or test that could
   * appear either in a head or in a body.
   * In a head, execution should continue at failure address in Arg(0).
   * In a body, Arg(0) == 0 and an exception should be raised.
@@ -6268,7 +6268,7 @@ apply_bif_error_adjustment(Process *p, Export *ep,
 	 * stackframe correct. Without the following adjustment,
 	 * 'p->cp' will point into the function that called
 	 * current function when handling the error. We add a
-	 * dummy stackframe in order to achive this.
+	 * dummy stackframe in order to achieve this.
 	 *
 	 * Note that these BIFs unconditionally will cause
 	 * an exception to be raised. That is, our modifications
@@ -6612,7 +6612,7 @@ erts_hibernate(Process* c_p, Eterm module, Eterm function, Eterm args, Eterm* re
 #ifndef ERTS_SMP
 	if (ERTS_PROC_IS_EXITING(c_p)) {
 	    /*
-	     * See comment in the begining of the function...
+	     * See comment in the beginning of the function...
 	     *
 	     * This second test is needed since gc might be traced.
 	     */
@@ -6846,7 +6846,7 @@ new_fun(Process* p, Eterm* reg, ErlFunEntry* fe, int num_free)
     p->htop = hp + needed;
     funp = (ErlFunThing *) hp;
     hp = funp->env;
-    erts_refc_inc(&fe->refc, 2);
+    erts_smp_refc_inc(&fe->refc, 2);
     funp->thing_word = HEADER_FUN;
     funp->next = MSO(p).first;
     MSO(p).first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*) funp;
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/beam_load.c b/erts/emulator/beam/beam_load.c
index 119c004f1f..48206a75a8 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/beam_load.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/beam_load.c
@@ -157,13 +157,15 @@ typedef struct {
 #define STR_CHUNK 2
 #define IMP_CHUNK 3
 #define EXP_CHUNK 4
-#define NUM_MANDATORY 5
+#define MIN_MANDATORY 1
+#define MAX_MANDATORY 5
 
 #define LAMBDA_CHUNK 5
 #define LITERAL_CHUNK 6
 #define ATTR_CHUNK 7
 #define COMPILE_CHUNK 8
 #define LINE_CHUNK 9
+#define UTF8_ATOM_CHUNK 10
 
 #define NUM_CHUNK_TYPES (sizeof(chunk_types)/sizeof(chunk_types[0]))
 
@@ -173,9 +175,13 @@ typedef struct {
 
 static Uint chunk_types[] = {
     /*
-     * Mandatory chunk types -- these MUST be present.
+     * Atom chunk types -- Atom or AtU8 MUST be present.
      */
     MakeIffId('A', 't', 'o', 'm'), /* 0 */
+
+    /*
+     * Mandatory chunk types -- these MUST be present.
+     */
     MakeIffId('C', 'o', 'd', 'e'), /* 1 */
     MakeIffId('S', 't', 'r', 'T'), /* 2 */
     MakeIffId('I', 'm', 'p', 'T'), /* 3 */
@@ -189,6 +195,7 @@ static Uint chunk_types[] = {
     MakeIffId('A', 't', 't', 'r'), /* 7 */
     MakeIffId('C', 'I', 'n', 'f'), /* 8 */
     MakeIffId('L', 'i', 'n', 'e'), /* 9 */
+    MakeIffId('A', 't', 'U', '8'), /* 10 */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -490,9 +497,9 @@ static Eterm stub_insert_new_code(Process *c_p, ErtsProcLocks c_p_locks,
 #endif
 static int init_iff_file(LoaderState* stp, byte* code, Uint size);
 static int scan_iff_file(LoaderState* stp, Uint* chunk_types,
-			 Uint num_types, Uint num_mandatory);
+			 Uint num_types);
 static int verify_chunks(LoaderState* stp);
-static int load_atom_table(LoaderState* stp);
+static int load_atom_table(LoaderState* stp, ErtsAtomEncoding enc);
 static int load_import_table(LoaderState* stp);
 static int read_export_table(LoaderState* stp);
 static int is_bif(Eterm mod, Eterm func, unsigned arity);
@@ -629,7 +636,7 @@ erts_prepare_loading(Binary* magic, Process *c_p, Eterm group_leader,
     CHKALLOC();
     CHKBLK(ERTS_ALC_T_CODE,stp->code);
     if (!init_iff_file(stp, code, unloaded_size) ||
-	!scan_iff_file(stp, chunk_types, NUM_CHUNK_TYPES, NUM_MANDATORY) ||
+	!scan_iff_file(stp, chunk_types, NUM_CHUNK_TYPES) ||
 	!verify_chunks(stp)) {
 	goto load_error;
     }
@@ -674,9 +681,16 @@ erts_prepare_loading(Binary* magic, Process *c_p, Eterm group_leader,
      */
 
     CHKBLK(ERTS_ALC_T_CODE,stp->code);
-    define_file(stp, "atom table", ATOM_CHUNK);
-    if (!load_atom_table(stp)) {
-	goto load_error;
+    if (stp->chunks[UTF8_ATOM_CHUNK].size > 0) {
+        define_file(stp, "utf8 atom table", UTF8_ATOM_CHUNK);
+        if (!load_atom_table(stp, ERTS_ATOM_ENC_UTF8)) {
+            goto load_error;
+        }
+    } else {
+        define_file(stp, "atom table", ATOM_CHUNK);
+        if (!load_atom_table(stp, ERTS_ATOM_ENC_LATIN1)) {
+            goto load_error;
+        }
     }
 
     /*
@@ -1213,7 +1227,7 @@ init_iff_file(LoaderState* stp, byte* code, Uint size)
  * Scan the IFF file. The header should have been verified by init_iff_file().
  */
 static int
-scan_iff_file(LoaderState* stp, Uint* chunk_types, Uint num_types, Uint num_mandatory)
+scan_iff_file(LoaderState* stp, Uint* chunk_types, Uint num_types)
 {
     Uint count;
     Uint id;
@@ -1292,7 +1306,16 @@ verify_chunks(LoaderState* stp)
     MD5_CTX context;
 
     MD5Init(&context);
-    for (i = 0; i < NUM_MANDATORY; i++) {
+
+    if (stp->chunks[UTF8_ATOM_CHUNK].start != NULL) {
+	MD5Update(&context, stp->chunks[UTF8_ATOM_CHUNK].start, stp->chunks[UTF8_ATOM_CHUNK].size);
+    } else if (stp->chunks[ATOM_CHUNK].start != NULL) {
+	MD5Update(&context, stp->chunks[ATOM_CHUNK].start, stp->chunks[ATOM_CHUNK].size);
+    } else {
+        LoadError0(stp, "mandatory chunk of type 'Atom' or 'AtU8' not found\n");
+    }
+
+    for (i = MIN_MANDATORY; i < MAX_MANDATORY; i++) {
 	if (stp->chunks[i].start != NULL) {
 	    MD5Update(&context, stp->chunks[i].start, stp->chunks[i].size);
 	} else {
@@ -1353,7 +1376,7 @@ verify_chunks(LoaderState* stp)
 }
 
 static int
-load_atom_table(LoaderState* stp)
+load_atom_table(LoaderState* stp, ErtsAtomEncoding enc)
 {
     unsigned int i;
 
@@ -1372,7 +1395,7 @@ load_atom_table(LoaderState* stp)
 
 	GetByte(stp, n);
 	GetString(stp, atom, n);
-	stp->atom[i] = erts_atom_put(atom, n, ERTS_ATOM_ENC_LATIN1, 1);
+	stp->atom[i] = erts_atom_put(atom, n, enc, 1);
     }
 
     /*
@@ -4840,7 +4863,7 @@ final_touch(LoaderState* stp, struct erl_module_instance* inst_p)
 		/*
 		 * We are hiding a pointer into older code.
 		 */
-		erts_refc_dec(&fe->refc, 1);
+		erts_smp_refc_dec(&fe->refc, 1);
 	    }
 	    fe->address = code_ptr;
 #ifdef HIPE
@@ -5939,7 +5962,7 @@ code_get_chunk_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
 	goto error;
     }
     if (!init_iff_file(stp, start, binary_size(Bin)) ||
-	!scan_iff_file(stp, &chunk, 1, 1) ||
+	!scan_iff_file(stp, &chunk, 1) ||
 	stp->chunks[0].start == NULL) {
 	res = am_undefined;
 	goto done;
@@ -5988,7 +6011,7 @@ code_module_md5_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
     }
     stp->module = THE_NON_VALUE; /* Suppress diagnostiscs */
     if (!init_iff_file(stp, bytes, binary_size(Bin)) ||
-	!scan_iff_file(stp, chunk_types, NUM_CHUNK_TYPES, NUM_MANDATORY) ||
+	!scan_iff_file(stp, chunk_types, NUM_CHUNK_TYPES) ||
 	!verify_chunks(stp)) {
 	res = am_undefined;
 	goto done;
@@ -6252,7 +6275,7 @@ patch_funentries(Eterm Patchlist)
      *
      * Reproduced on a debug emulator with stdlib_test/qlc_SUITE:join_merge
      *
-     * erts_refc_dec(&fe->refc, 1);
+     * erts_smp_refc_dec(&fe->refc, 1);
      */
 
     if (!patch(Addresses, (Uint) fe))
@@ -6300,8 +6323,8 @@ erts_make_stub_module(Process* p, Eterm hipe_magic_bin, Eterm Beam, Eterm Info)
     stp = ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DATA(magic);
     hipe_code = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_HIPE, sizeof(*hipe_code));
 
-    if (!ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(hipe_magic_bin) ||
-	!(hipe_magic = ((ProcBin*)binary_val(hipe_magic_bin))->val,
+    if (!is_internal_magic_ref(hipe_magic_bin) ||
+	!(hipe_magic = erts_magic_ref2bin(hipe_magic_bin),
 	  hipe_stp = hipe_get_loader_state(hipe_magic)) ||
 	hipe_stp->module == NIL || hipe_stp->text_segment == 0) {
 	goto error;
@@ -6337,7 +6360,7 @@ erts_make_stub_module(Process* p, Eterm hipe_magic_bin, Eterm Beam, Eterm Info)
     if (!init_iff_file(stp, bytes, size)) {
 	goto error;
     }
-    if (!scan_iff_file(stp, chunk_types, NUM_CHUNK_TYPES, NUM_MANDATORY) ||
+    if (!scan_iff_file(stp, chunk_types, NUM_CHUNK_TYPES) ||
 	!verify_chunks(stp)) {
 	goto error;
     }
@@ -6345,9 +6368,16 @@ erts_make_stub_module(Process* p, Eterm hipe_magic_bin, Eterm Beam, Eterm Info)
     if (!read_code_header(stp)) {
 	goto error;
     }
-    define_file(stp, "atom table", ATOM_CHUNK);
-    if (!load_atom_table(stp)) {
-	goto error;
+    if (stp->chunks[UTF8_ATOM_CHUNK].size > 0) {
+        define_file(stp, "utf8 atom table", UTF8_ATOM_CHUNK);
+        if (!load_atom_table(stp, ERTS_ATOM_ENC_UTF8)) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+    } else {
+        define_file(stp, "atom table", ATOM_CHUNK);
+        if (!load_atom_table(stp, ERTS_ATOM_ENC_LATIN1)) {
+            goto error;
+        }
     }
     define_file(stp, "export table", EXP_CHUNK);
     if (!stub_read_export_table(stp)) {
@@ -6539,8 +6569,8 @@ int erts_commit_hipe_patch_load(Eterm hipe_magic_bin)
     HipeModule *hipe_code;
     Module* modp;
 
-    if (!ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(hipe_magic_bin) ||
-	!(hipe_magic = ((ProcBin*)binary_val(hipe_magic_bin))->val,
+    if (!is_internal_magic_ref(hipe_magic_bin) ||
+	!(hipe_magic = erts_magic_ref2bin(hipe_magic_bin),
 	  hipe_stp = hipe_get_loader_state(hipe_magic)) ||
 	hipe_stp->module == NIL || hipe_stp->text_segment == 0) {
 	return 0;
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/bif.c b/erts/emulator/beam/bif.c
index 51057c3ebb..614bedab12 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/bif.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/bif.c
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE link_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 		goto res_no_proc;
 	    case ERTS_PORT_OP_SCHEDULED:
 		if (refp) {
-		    ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ref));
+		    ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref));
 		    BIF_TRAP3(await_port_send_result_trap, BIF_P, ref, am_true, am_true);
 		}
 	    default:
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ demonitor_local_port(Process *origin, Eterm ref, Eterm target)
 }
 
 /* Can return atom true, false, yield, internal_error, badarg or
- * THE_NON_VALUE if error occured or trap has been set up
+ * THE_NON_VALUE if error occurred or trap has been set up
  */
 static
 BIF_RETTYPE demonitor(Process *c_p, Eterm ref, Eterm *multip)
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE demonitor_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
 
     switch (demonitor(BIF_P, BIF_ARG_1, &multi)) {
     case THE_NON_VALUE:
-        /* If other error occured or trap has been set up - pass through */
+        /* If other error occurred or trap has been set up - pass through */
         BIF_RET(THE_NON_VALUE);
     case am_false:
 	if (info)
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ local_name_monitor(Process *self, Eterm type, Eterm target_name)
         case ERTS_PORT_OP_DONE:
             return ret;
         case ERTS_PORT_OP_SCHEDULED: { /* Scheduled a signal */
-            ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ret));
+            ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ret));
             BIF_TRAP3(await_port_send_result_trap, self,
                       ret, am_true, ret);
             /* bif_trap returns */
@@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE unlink_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 		res = erts_port_unlink(BIF_P, prt, BIF_P->common.id, refp);
 
 		if (refp && res == ERTS_PORT_OP_SCHEDULED) {
-		    ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ref));
+		    ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref));
 		    BIF_TRAP3(await_port_send_result_trap, BIF_P, ref, am_true, am_true);
 		}
 	    }
@@ -1586,7 +1586,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE exit_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
 	     ERTS_BIF_CHK_EXITED(BIF_P);
 
 	     if (refp && res == ERTS_PORT_OP_SCHEDULED) {
-		 ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ref));
+		 ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref));
 		 BIF_TRAP3(await_port_send_result_trap, BIF_P, ref, am_true, am_true);
 	     }
 
@@ -2221,7 +2221,7 @@ do_send(Process *p, Eterm to, Eterm msg, Eterm *refp, ErtsSendContext* ctx)
 		/* Fall through */
 	    case ERTS_PORT_OP_SCHEDULED:
 		if (is_not_nil(*refp)) {
-		    ASSERT(is_internal_ref(*refp));
+		    ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(*refp));
 		    ret_val = SEND_AWAIT_RESULT;
 		}
 		break;
@@ -2409,7 +2409,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE send_3(BIF_ALIST_3)
 	ERTS_BIF_PREP_YIELD_RETURN(retval, p, am_ok);
         break;
     case SEND_AWAIT_RESULT:
-	ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ref));
+	ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref));
 	ERTS_BIF_PREP_TRAP3(retval, await_port_send_result_trap, p, ref, am_nosuspend, am_ok);
 	break;
     case SEND_BADARG:
@@ -2446,7 +2446,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE send_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
 
 static BIF_RETTYPE dsend_continue_trap_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 {
-    Binary* bin = ((ProcBin*) binary_val(BIF_ARG_1))->val;
+    Binary* bin = erts_magic_ref2bin(BIF_ARG_1);
     ErtsSendContext* ctx = (ErtsSendContext*) ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DATA(bin);
     Sint initial_reds = (Sint) (ERTS_BIF_REDS_LEFT(BIF_P) * TERM_TO_BINARY_LOOP_FACTOR);
     int result;
@@ -2526,7 +2526,7 @@ Eterm erl_send(Process *p, Eterm to, Eterm msg)
 	ERTS_BIF_PREP_YIELD_RETURN(retval, p, msg);
         break;
     case SEND_AWAIT_RESULT:
-	ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ref));
+	ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref));
 	ERTS_BIF_PREP_TRAP3(retval,
 			    await_port_send_result_trap, p, ref, msg, msg);
 	break;
@@ -3022,8 +3022,8 @@ BIF_RETTYPE atom_to_list_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 BIF_RETTYPE list_to_atom_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 {
     Eterm res;
-    char *buf = (char *) erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, MAX_ATOM_CHARACTERS);
-    Sint i = intlist_to_buf(BIF_ARG_1, buf, MAX_ATOM_CHARACTERS);
+    byte *buf = (byte *) erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, MAX_ATOM_SZ_LIMIT);
+    Sint i = erts_unicode_list_to_buf(BIF_ARG_1, buf, MAX_ATOM_CHARACTERS);
 
     if (i < 0) {
 	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, (void *) buf);
@@ -3033,7 +3033,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE list_to_atom_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 	}
 	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
     }
-    res = erts_atom_put((byte *) buf, i, ERTS_ATOM_ENC_LATIN1, 1);
+    res = erts_atom_put(buf, i, ERTS_ATOM_ENC_UTF8, 1);
     ASSERT(is_atom(res));
     erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, (void *) buf);
     BIF_RET(res);
@@ -3043,17 +3043,17 @@ BIF_RETTYPE list_to_atom_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
  
 BIF_RETTYPE list_to_existing_atom_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 {
-    Sint i;
-    char *buf = (char *) erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, MAX_ATOM_CHARACTERS);
+    byte *buf = (byte *) erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, MAX_ATOM_SZ_LIMIT);
+    Sint i = erts_unicode_list_to_buf(BIF_ARG_1, buf, MAX_ATOM_CHARACTERS);
 
-    if ((i = intlist_to_buf(BIF_ARG_1, buf, MAX_ATOM_CHARACTERS)) < 0) {
+    if (i < 0) {
     error:
 	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, (void *) buf);
 	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
     } else {
 	Eterm a;
 	
-	if (erts_atom_get(buf, i, &a, ERTS_ATOM_ENC_LATIN1)) {
+	if (erts_atom_get((char *) buf, i, &a, ERTS_ATOM_ENC_UTF8)) {
 	    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, (void *) buf);
 	    BIF_RET(a);
 	} else {
@@ -4109,6 +4109,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE ref_to_list_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 {
     if (is_not_ref(BIF_ARG_1))
 	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
+    erts_magic_ref_save_bin(BIF_ARG_1);
     BIF_RET(term2list_dsprintf(BIF_P, BIF_ARG_1));
 }
 
@@ -4723,25 +4724,6 @@ BIF_RETTYPE system_flag_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
 
 /**********************************************************************/
 
-BIF_RETTYPE hash_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
-{
-    Uint32 hash;
-    Sint range;
-
-    if (is_not_small(BIF_ARG_2)) {
-	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
-    }
-    if ((range = signed_val(BIF_ARG_2)) <= 0) {  /* [1..MAX_SMALL] */
-	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
-    }
-#if defined(ARCH_64)
-    if (range > ((1L << 27) - 1))
-	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
-#endif
-    hash = make_broken_hash(BIF_ARG_1);
-    BIF_RET(make_small(1 + (hash % range)));   /* [1..range] */
-}
-
 BIF_RETTYPE phash_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
 {
     Uint32 hash;
@@ -5574,12 +5556,10 @@ BIF_RETTYPE dt_restore_tag_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 	    SEQ_TRACE_TOKEN(BIF_P) = am_have_dt_utag;
 	}
     }
-#else    
+#else
     if (BIF_ARG_1 != am_true) {
 	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P,BADARG);
     }
 #endif
     BIF_RET(am_true);
 }
-
-
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/bif.tab b/erts/emulator/beam/bif.tab
index 47fdcfa7a4..a6510ace81 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/bif.tab
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/bif.tab
@@ -670,9 +670,4 @@ gcbif erlang:ceil/1
 bif math:floor/1
 bif math:ceil/1
 bif math:fmod/2
-
-#
-# Obsolete
-#
-
-bif erlang:hash/2
+bif os:set_signal/2
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/binary.c b/erts/emulator/beam/binary.c
index 9894992b70..4dd8316dad 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/binary.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/binary.c
@@ -47,13 +47,8 @@ void
 erts_init_binary(void)
 {
     /* Verify Binary alignment... */
-    if ((((UWord) &((Binary *) 0)->orig_bytes[0]) % ((UWord) 8)) != 0) {
-	/* I assume that any compiler should be able to optimize this
-	   away. If not, this test is not very expensive... */
-	erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
-		 "Internal error: Address of orig_bytes[0] of a Binary"
-		 " is *not* 8-byte aligned\n");
-    }
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT((offsetof(Binary,orig_bytes) % 8) == 0);
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT((offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.aligned.data) % 8) == 0);
 
     erts_init_trap_export(&binary_to_list_continue_export,
 			  am_erts_internal, am_binary_to_list_continue, 1,
@@ -107,7 +102,7 @@ new_binary(Process *p, byte *buf, Uint len)
     pb->flags = 0;
 
     /*
-     * Miscellanous updates. Return the tagged binary.
+     * Miscellaneous updates. Return the tagged binary.
      */
     OH_OVERHEAD(&(MSO(p)), pb->size / sizeof(Eterm));
     return make_binary(pb);
@@ -144,7 +139,7 @@ Eterm erts_new_mso_binary(Process *p, byte *buf, Uint len)
     pb->flags = 0;
 
     /*
-     * Miscellanous updates. Return the tagged binary.
+     * Miscellaneous updates. Return the tagged binary.
      */
     OH_OVERHEAD(&(MSO(p)), pb->size / sizeof(Eterm));
     return make_binary(pb);
@@ -446,18 +441,17 @@ binary_to_list(Process *c_p, Eterm *hp, Eterm tail, byte *bytes,
 	sp->size = size;
 	sp->bitoffs = bitoffs;
 
-	hp = HAlloc(c_p, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-	mb = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(c_p), mbp);
+	hp = HAlloc(c_p, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+	mb = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(c_p), mbp);
 	return binary_to_list_chunk(c_p, mb, sp, reds_left, 0);
     }
 }
 
 static BIF_RETTYPE binary_to_list_continue(BIF_ALIST_1)
 {
-    Binary *mbp = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(BIF_ARG_1))->val;
+    Binary *mbp = erts_magic_ref2bin(BIF_ARG_1);
 
     ASSERT(ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(mbp) == b2l_state_destructor);
-
     ASSERT(BIF_P->flags & F_DISABLE_GC);
 
     return binary_to_list_chunk(BIF_P,
@@ -794,8 +788,8 @@ list_to_binary_chunk(Eterm mb_eterm,
 	    ERTS_L2B_STATE_MOVE(new_sp, sp);
 	    sp = new_sp;
 
-	    hp = HAlloc(c_p, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-	    mb_eterm = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(c_p), mbp);
+	    hp = HAlloc(c_p, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+	    mb_eterm = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(c_p), mbp);
 
 	    ASSERT(is_value(mb_eterm));
 
@@ -841,9 +835,9 @@ list_to_binary_chunk(Eterm mb_eterm,
 
 static BIF_RETTYPE list_to_binary_continue(BIF_ALIST_1)
 {
-    Binary *mbp = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(BIF_ARG_1))->val;
-    ASSERT(ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(mbp) == l2b_state_destructor);
+    Binary *mbp = erts_magic_ref2bin(BIF_ARG_1);
 
+    ASSERT(ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(mbp) == l2b_state_destructor);
     ASSERT(BIF_P->flags & F_DISABLE_GC);
 
     return list_to_binary_chunk(BIF_ARG_1,
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/break.c b/erts/emulator/beam/break.c
index 5509c50a8e..787f1e4b7e 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/break.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/break.c
@@ -389,6 +389,16 @@ info(fmtfn_t to, void *to_arg)
 
 }
 
+static int code_size(struct erl_module_instance* modi)
+{
+    ErtsLiteralArea* lit = modi->code_hdr->literal_area;
+    int size = modi->code_length;
+    if (lit) {
+        size += (lit->end - lit->start) * sizeof(Eterm);
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
 void
 loaded(fmtfn_t to, void *to_arg)
 {
@@ -409,9 +419,9 @@ loaded(fmtfn_t to, void *to_arg)
 	if ((modp = module_code(i, code_ix)) != NULL &&
 	    ((modp->curr.code_length != 0) ||
 	     (modp->old.code_length != 0))) {
-	    cur += modp->curr.code_length;
+	    cur += code_size(&modp->curr);
 	    if (modp->old.code_length != 0) {
-		old += modp->old.code_length;
+		old += code_size(&modp->old);
 	    }
 	}
     }
@@ -432,12 +442,12 @@ loaded(fmtfn_t to, void *to_arg)
 	    ((modp->curr.code_length != 0) ||
 	     (modp->old.code_length != 0))) {
 		erts_print(to, to_arg, "%T", make_atom(modp->module));
-		cur += modp->curr.code_length;
-		erts_print(to, to_arg, " %d", modp->curr.code_length );
+		cur += code_size(&modp->curr);
+		erts_print(to, to_arg, " %d", code_size(&modp->curr));
 		if (modp->old.code_length != 0) {
 		    erts_print(to, to_arg, " (%d old)",
-			       modp->old.code_length );
-		    old += modp->old.code_length;
+			       code_size(&modp->old));
+		    old += code_size(&modp->old);
 		}
 		erts_print(to, to_arg, "\n");
 	    }
@@ -452,7 +462,7 @@ loaded(fmtfn_t to, void *to_arg)
 		erts_print(to, to_arg, "%T", make_atom(modp->module));
 		erts_print(to, to_arg, "\n");
 		erts_print(to, to_arg, "Current size: %d\n",
-			   modp->curr.code_length);
+			   code_size(&modp->curr));
 		code = modp->curr.code_hdr;
 		if (code != NULL && code->attr_ptr) {
 		    erts_print(to, to_arg, "Current attributes: ");
@@ -466,7 +476,7 @@ loaded(fmtfn_t to, void *to_arg)
 		}
 
 		if (modp->old.code_length != 0) {
-		    erts_print(to, to_arg, "Old size: %d\n", modp->old.code_length);
+		    erts_print(to, to_arg, "Old size: %d\n", code_size(&modp->old));
 		    code = modp->old.code_hdr;
 		    if (code->attr_ptr) {
 			erts_print(to, to_arg, "Old attributes: ");
@@ -657,7 +667,7 @@ bin_check(void)
 		erts_printf("%p orig_size: %bpd, norefs = %bpd\n",
 			    bp->val, 
 			    bp->val->orig_size, 
-			    erts_smp_atomic_read_nob(&bp->val->refc));
+			    erts_refc_read(&bp->val->refc, 1));
 	    }
 	}
 	if (printed) {
@@ -727,6 +737,8 @@ erl_crash_dump_v(char *file, int line, char* fmt, va_list args)
      * We have to be very very careful when doing this as the schedulers
      * could be anywhere.
      */
+    sys_init_suspend_handler();
+
     for (i = 0; i < erts_no_schedulers; i++) {
         erts_tid_t tid = ERTS_SCHEDULER_IX(i)->tid;
         if (!erts_equal_tids(tid,erts_thr_self()))
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/copy.c b/erts/emulator/beam/copy.c
index c4dcd6a3cc..85db23393c 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/copy.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/copy.c
@@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ Eterm copy_struct_x(Eterm obj, Uint sz, Eterm** hpp, ErlOffHeap* off_heap, Uint
 		    funp = (ErlFunThing *) tp;
 		    funp->next = off_heap->first;
 		    off_heap->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*) funp;
-		    erts_refc_inc(&funp->fe->refc, 2);
+		    erts_smp_refc_inc(&funp->fe->refc, 2);
 		    *argp = make_fun(tp);
 		}
 		break;
@@ -858,20 +858,24 @@ Eterm copy_struct_x(Eterm obj, Uint sz, Eterm** hpp, ErlOffHeap* off_heap, Uint
 	    case EXTERNAL_PORT_SUBTAG:
 	    case EXTERNAL_REF_SUBTAG:
 		{
-		  ExternalThing *etp = (ExternalThing *) htop;
-
+		  ExternalThing *etp = (ExternalThing *) objp;
+		  erts_smp_refc_inc(&etp->node->refc, 2);
+		}
+	    L_off_heap_node_container_common:
+		{
+		  struct erl_off_heap_header *ohhp;
+		  ohhp = (struct erl_off_heap_header *) htop;
 		  i  = thing_arityval(hdr) + 1;
+		  *argp = make_boxed(htop);
 		  tp = htop;
 
 		  while (i--)  {
 		    *htop++ = *objp++;
 		  }
 
-		  etp->next = off_heap->first;
-		  off_heap->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*)etp;
-		  erts_refc_inc(&etp->node->refc, 2);
+		  ohhp->next = off_heap->first;
+		  off_heap->first = ohhp;
 
-		  *argp = make_external(tp);
 		}
 		break;
 	    case MAP_SUBTAG:
@@ -899,6 +903,13 @@ Eterm copy_struct_x(Eterm obj, Uint sz, Eterm** hpp, ErlOffHeap* off_heap, Uint
 	    case BIN_MATCHSTATE_SUBTAG:
 		erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
 			 "copy_struct: matchstate term not allowed");
+	    case REF_SUBTAG:
+		if (is_magic_ref_thing(objp)) {
+		    ErtsMRefThing *mreft = (ErtsMRefThing *) objp;
+		    erts_refc_inc(&mreft->mb->refc, 2);
+		    goto L_off_heap_node_container_common;
+		}
+		/* Fall through... */
 	    default:
 		i = thing_arityval(hdr)+1;
 		hbot -= i;
@@ -1525,7 +1536,7 @@ Uint copy_shared_perform(Eterm obj, Uint size, erts_shcopy_t *info,
 		}
 		funp->next = off_heap->first;
 		off_heap->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*) funp;
-		erts_refc_inc(&funp->fe->refc, 2);
+		erts_smp_refc_inc(&funp->fe->refc, 2);
 		goto cleanup_next;
 	    }
 	    case MAP_SUBTAG:
@@ -1649,20 +1660,33 @@ Uint copy_shared_perform(Eterm obj, Uint size, erts_shcopy_t *info,
 	    }
 	    case EXTERNAL_PID_SUBTAG:
 	    case EXTERNAL_PORT_SUBTAG:
-	    case EXTERNAL_REF_SUBTAG: {
-		ExternalThing *etp = (ExternalThing *) hp;
+	    case EXTERNAL_REF_SUBTAG:
+	    {
+		ExternalThing *etp = (ExternalThing *) ptr;
+		erts_smp_refc_inc(&etp->node->refc, 2);
+	    }
+	  off_heap_node_container_common:
+	    {
+		struct erl_off_heap_header *ohhp;
+		ohhp = (struct erl_off_heap_header *) hp;
 		sz = thing_arityval(hdr);
-		*resp = make_external(hp);
+		*resp = make_boxed(hp);
 		*hp++ = hdr;
 		ptr++;
 		while (sz-- > 0) {
 		    *hp++ = *ptr++;
 		}
-		etp->next = off_heap->first;
-		off_heap->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*) etp;
-		erts_refc_inc(&etp->node->refc, 2);
+		ohhp->next = off_heap->first;
+		off_heap->first = ohhp;
 		goto cleanup_next;
 	    }
+	    case REF_SUBTAG:
+		if (is_magic_ref_thing(ptr)) {
+		    ErtsMRefThing *mreft = (ErtsMRefThing *) ptr;
+		    erts_refc_inc(&mreft->mb->refc, 2);
+		    goto off_heap_node_container_common;
+		}
+		/* Fall through... */
 	    default:
 		sz = thing_arityval(hdr);
 		*resp = make_boxed(hp);
@@ -1836,7 +1860,7 @@ Eterm copy_shallow(Eterm* ptr, Uint sz, Eterm** hpp, ErlOffHeap* off_heap)
 	    case FUN_SUBTAG:
 		{
 		    ErlFunThing* funp = (ErlFunThing *) (tp-1);
-		    erts_refc_inc(&funp->fe->refc, 2);
+		    erts_smp_refc_inc(&funp->fe->refc, 2);
 		}
 		goto off_heap_common;
 	    case EXTERNAL_PID_SUBTAG:
@@ -1844,7 +1868,7 @@ Eterm copy_shallow(Eterm* ptr, Uint sz, Eterm** hpp, ErlOffHeap* off_heap)
 	    case EXTERNAL_REF_SUBTAG:
 		{
 		    ExternalThing* etp = (ExternalThing *) (tp-1);
-		    erts_refc_inc(&etp->node->refc, 2);
+		    erts_smp_refc_inc(&etp->node->refc, 2);
 		}
 	    off_heap_common:
 		{
@@ -1859,6 +1883,15 @@ Eterm copy_shallow(Eterm* ptr, Uint sz, Eterm** hpp, ErlOffHeap* off_heap)
 		    off_heap->first = ohh;
 		}
 		break;
+	    case REF_SUBTAG: {
+		ErtsRefThing *rtp = (ErtsRefThing *) (tp - 1);
+		if (is_magic_ref_thing(rtp)) {
+		    ErtsMRefThing *mreft = (ErtsMRefThing *) rtp;
+		    erts_refc_inc(&mreft->mb->refc, 2);
+		    goto off_heap_common;
+		}
+		/* Fall through... */
+	    }
 	    default:
 		{
 		    int tari = header_arity(val);
@@ -1959,6 +1992,9 @@ move_one_frag(Eterm** hpp, ErlHeapFragment* frag, ErlOffHeap* off_heap, int lite
 	    ASSERT(ptr + header_arity(val) < end);
 	    MOVE_BOXED(ptr, val, hp, &dummy_ref);
 	    switch (val & _HEADER_SUBTAG_MASK) {
+	    case REF_SUBTAG:
+		if (is_ordinary_ref_thing(hdr))
+		    break;
 	    case REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG:
 	    case FUN_SUBTAG:
 	    case EXTERNAL_PID_SUBTAG:
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/dist.c b/erts/emulator/beam/dist.c
index 016abaf717..d1c2da9074 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/dist.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/dist.c
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ static void doit_monitor_net_exits(ErtsMonitor *mon, void *vnecp)
 	goto done;
 
     if (mon->type == MON_ORIGIN) {
-	/* local pid is beeing monitored */
+	/* local pid is being monitored */
 	rmon = erts_remove_monitor(&ERTS_P_MONITORS(rp), mon->ref);
 	/* ASSERT(rmon != NULL); nope, can happen during process exit */
 	if (rmon != NULL) {
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ Eterm erts_dsend_export_trap_context(Process* p, ErtsSendContext* ctx)
     Binary* ctx_bin = erts_create_magic_binary(sizeof(struct exported_ctx),
 					       erts_dsend_context_dtor);
     struct exported_ctx* dst = ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DATA(ctx_bin);
-    Eterm* hp = HAlloc(p, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
+    Eterm* hp = HAlloc(p, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
 
     sys_memcpy(&dst->ctx, ctx, sizeof(ErtsSendContext));
     ASSERT(ctx->dss.ctl == make_tuple(ctx->ctl_heap));
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ Eterm erts_dsend_export_trap_context(Process* p, ErtsSendContext* ctx)
 	sys_memcpy(&dst->acm, ctx->dss.acmp, sizeof(ErtsAtomCacheMap));
 	dst->ctx.dss.acmp = &dst->acm;
     }
-    return erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(p), ctx_bin);
+    return erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(p), ctx_bin);
 }
 
 
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ erts_dsig_send_unlink(ErtsDSigData *dsdp, Eterm local, Eterm remote)
 }
 
 
-/* A local process that's beeing monitored by a remote one exits. We send:
+/* A local process that's being monitored by a remote one exits. We send:
    {DOP_MONITOR_P_EXIT, Local pid or name, Remote pid, ref, reason},
    which is rather sad as only the ref is needed, no pid's... */
 int
@@ -2085,7 +2085,7 @@ erts_dist_command(Port *prt, int reds_limit)
 
     ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));
 
-    erts_refc_inc(&dep->refc, 1); /* Otherwise dist_entry might be
+    erts_smp_refc_inc(&dep->refc, 1); /* Otherwise dist_entry might be
 				     removed if port command fails */
 
     erts_smp_atomic_set_mb(&dep->dist_cmd_scheduled, 0);
@@ -2518,7 +2518,7 @@ info_dist_entry(fmtfn_t to, void *arg, DistEntry *dep, int visible, int connecte
 
   erts_print(to, arg, "Name: %T", dep->sysname);
 #ifdef DEBUG
-  erts_print(to, arg, " (refc=%d)", erts_refc_read(&dep->refc, 0));
+  erts_print(to, arg, " (refc=%d)", erts_smp_refc_read(&dep->refc, 0));
 #endif
   erts_print(to, arg, "\n");
   if (!connected && is_nil(dep->cid)) {
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/dist.h b/erts/emulator/beam/dist.h
index 8799e54057..8f6be1061a 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/dist.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/dist.h
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ extern int erts_is_alive;
  * erts_dsig_prepare() prepares a send of a distributed signal.
  * One of the values defined below are returned. If the returned
  * value is another than ERTS_DSIG_PREP_CONNECTED, the
- * distributed signal cannot be sent before apropriate actions
- * have been taken. Apropriate actions would typically be setting
+ * distributed signal cannot be sent before appropriate actions
+ * have been taken. Appropriate actions would typically be setting
  * up the connection.
  */
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/dtrace-wrapper.h b/erts/emulator/beam/dtrace-wrapper.h
index 6f70d5961e..f6fc28b801 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/dtrace-wrapper.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/dtrace-wrapper.h
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 
 #if defined(_SDT_PROBE) && !defined(STAP_PROBE11)
 /* SLF: This is Ubuntu 11-style SystemTap hackery */
-/* work arround for missing STAP macro */
+/* workaround for missing STAP macro */
 #define STAP_PROBE11(provider,name,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6,arg7,arg8,arg9,arg10,arg11) \
   _SDT_PROBE(provider, name, 11, \
              (arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6,arg7,arg8,arg9,arg10,arg11))
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_alloc.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_alloc.c
index 43c22e2e7c..a374593c5d 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_alloc.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_alloc.c
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #if defined(ERTS_ALC_T_DRV_SEL_D_STATE) || defined(ERTS_ALC_T_DRV_EV_D_STATE)
 #include "erl_check_io.h"
 #endif
+#include "erl_bif_unique.h"
 
 #define GET_ERL_GF_ALLOC_IMPL
 #include "erl_goodfit_alloc.h"
@@ -152,8 +153,7 @@ typedef struct {
     int internal;
     Uint req_sched;
     Process *proc;
-    Eterm ref;
-    Eterm ref_heap[REF_THING_SIZE];
+    ErtsIRefStorage iref;
     int allocs[ERTS_ALC_INFO_A_END - ERTS_ALC_A_MIN + 1];
 } ErtsAllocInfoReq;
 
@@ -684,6 +684,10 @@ erts_alloc_init(int *argc, char **argv, ErtsAllocInitOpts *eaiop)
 #endif
     fix_type_sizes[ERTS_ALC_FIX_TYPE_IX(ERTS_ALC_T_NIF_EXP_TRACE)]
 	= sizeof(NifExportTrace);
+    fix_type_sizes[ERTS_ALC_FIX_TYPE_IX(ERTS_ALC_T_MREF_NSCHED_ENT)]
+	= sizeof(ErtsNSchedMagicRefTableEntry);
+    fix_type_sizes[ERTS_ALC_FIX_TYPE_IX(ERTS_ALC_T_MINDIRECTION)]
+	= ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_SIZE(sizeof(ErtsMagicIndirectionWord));
 
 #ifdef HARD_DEBUG
     hdbg_init();
@@ -3141,9 +3145,10 @@ reply_alloc_info(void *vair)
     while (1) {
 
 	if (hpp)
-	    ref_copy = STORE_NC(hpp, ohp, air->ref);
+	    ref_copy = erts_iref_storage_make_ref(&air->iref,
+                                                  hpp, ohp, 0);
 	else
-	    *szp += REF_THING_SIZE;
+	    *szp += erts_iref_storage_heap_size(&air->iref);
 
 	ai_list = NIL;
 	for (i = 0; air->allocs[i] != ERTS_ALC_A_INVALID; i++);
@@ -3372,8 +3377,10 @@ reply_alloc_info(void *vair)
     erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, rp_locks);
     erts_proc_dec_refc(rp);
 
-    if (erts_smp_atomic32_dec_read_nob(&air->refc) == 0)
+    if (erts_smp_atomic32_dec_read_nob(&air->refc) == 0) {
+        erts_iref_storage_clean(&air->iref);
 	aireq_free(air);
+    }
 }
 
 int
@@ -3386,7 +3393,6 @@ erts_request_alloc_info(struct process *c_p,
     ErtsAllocInfoReq *air = aireq_alloc();
     Eterm req_ai[ERTS_ALC_INFO_A_END] = {0};
     Eterm alist;
-    Eterm *hp;
     int airix = 0, ai;
 
     air->req_sched = erts_get_scheduler_id();
@@ -3400,8 +3406,7 @@ erts_request_alloc_info(struct process *c_p,
     if (is_not_internal_ref(ref))
 	return 0;
 
-    hp = &air->ref_heap[0];
-    air->ref = STORE_NC(&hp, NULL, ref);
+    erts_iref_storage_save(&air->iref, ref);
 
     if (is_not_list(allocs))
 	return 0;
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_alloc.types b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_alloc.types
index 1f7e4400e1..3d5de72ee7 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_alloc.types
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_alloc.types
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
 
 # --- Allocator declarations -------------------------------------------------
 #
-# If, and only if, the same thread performes *all* allocations,
+# If, and only if, the same thread performs *all* allocations,
 # reallocations and deallocations of all memory types that are handled
 # by a specific allocator (<ALLOCATOR> in type declaration), set 
 # <MULTI_THREAD> for this specific allocator to false; otherwise, set
@@ -280,6 +280,11 @@ type    TRACE_MSG_QUEUE SHORT_LIVED     SYSTEM          trace_message_queue
 type    SCHED_ASYNC_JOB SHORT_LIVED     SYSTEM          async_calls
 type    DIRTY_START     STANDARD	PROCESSES       dirty_start
 type    DIRTY_SL	SHORT_LIVED	SYSTEM		dirty_short_lived
+type    MREF_NSCHED_ENT	FIXED_SIZE	SYSTEM		nsched_magic_ref_entry
+type    MREF_ENT	STANDARD	SYSTEM		magic_ref_entry
+type	MREF_TAB_BKTS	STANDARD	SYSTEM		magic_ref_table_buckets
+type	MREF_TAB	LONG_LIVED	SYSTEM		magic_ref_table
+type	MINDIRECTION	FIXED_SIZE	SYSTEM		magic_indirection
 
 +if threads_no_smp
 # Need thread safe allocs, but std_alloc and fix_alloc are not;
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_alloc_util.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_alloc_util.c
index d346f8c8b6..a6bac06478 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_alloc_util.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_alloc_util.c
@@ -5186,7 +5186,7 @@ erts_alcu_sz_info(Allctr_t *allctr,
 
     ERTS_ALCU_DBG_CHK_THR_ACCESS(allctr);
 
-    /* Update sbc values not continously updated */
+    /* Update sbc values not continuously updated */
     allctr->sbcs.blocks.curr.no
 	= allctr->sbcs.curr.norm.mseg.no + allctr->sbcs.curr.norm.sys_alloc.no;
     allctr->sbcs.blocks.max.no = allctr->sbcs.max.no;
@@ -5272,7 +5272,7 @@ erts_alcu_info(Allctr_t *allctr,
 
     ERTS_ALCU_DBG_CHK_THR_ACCESS(allctr);
 
-    /* Update sbc values not continously updated */
+    /* Update sbc values not continuously updated */
     allctr->sbcs.blocks.curr.no
 	= allctr->sbcs.curr.norm.mseg.no + allctr->sbcs.curr.norm.sys_alloc.no;
     allctr->sbcs.blocks.max.no = allctr->sbcs.max.no;
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_binary.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_binary.c
index 24debedce2..62a752d854 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_binary.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_binary.c
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ static void ac_compute_failure_functions(ACTrie *act, ACNode **qbuff)
 		qbuff[qt++] = child;
 		/* Search for correct failure function, follow the parent's
 		   failure function until you find a similar transition
-		   funtion to this child's */
+		   function to this child's */
 		r =  parent->h;
 		while (r != NULL && r->g[i] == NULL) {
 		    r = r->h;
@@ -1010,8 +1010,8 @@ BIF_RETTYPE binary_compile_pattern_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
     if (do_binary_match_compile(BIF_ARG_1,&tag,&bin)) {
 	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P,BADARG);
     }
-    hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, PROC_BIN_SIZE+3);
-    ret = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(BIF_P), bin);
+    hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE+3);
+    ret = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(BIF_P), bin);
     ret = TUPLE2(hp, tag, ret);
     BIF_RET(ret);
 }
@@ -1426,11 +1426,11 @@ binary_match(Process *p, Eterm arg1, Eterm arg2, Eterm arg3, Uint flags)
 	    goto badarg;
 	}
 	if (((tp[1] != am_bm) && (tp[1] != am_ac)) ||
-	    !ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(tp[2])) {
+	    !is_internal_magic_ref(tp[2])) {
 	    goto badarg;
 	}
 	bfs.type = tp[1];
-	bin = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(tp[2]))->val;
+	bin = erts_magic_ref2bin(tp[2]);
 	if (bfs.type == am_bm &&
 	    ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(bin) != cleanup_my_data_bm) {
 	    goto badarg;
@@ -1448,8 +1448,8 @@ binary_match(Process *p, Eterm arg1, Eterm arg2, Eterm arg3, Uint flags)
     bfs.global_result = &do_match_global_result;
     runres = do_binary_find(p, arg1, &bfs, bin, NIL, &result);
     if (runres == DO_BIN_MATCH_RESTART && bin_term == NIL) {
-	Eterm *hp = HAlloc(p, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-	bin_term = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(p), bin);
+	Eterm *hp = HAlloc(p, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+	bin_term = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(p), bin);
     } else if (bin_term == NIL) {
 	erts_bin_free(bin);
     }
@@ -1512,11 +1512,11 @@ binary_split(Process *p, Eterm arg1, Eterm arg2, Eterm arg3)
 	    goto badarg;
 	}
 	if (((tp[1] != am_bm) && (tp[1] != am_ac)) ||
-	    !ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(tp[2])) {
+	    !is_internal_magic_ref(tp[2])) {
 	    goto badarg;
 	}
 	bfs.type = tp[1];
-	bin = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(tp[2]))->val;
+	bin = erts_magic_ref2bin(tp[2]);
 	if (bfs.type == am_bm &&
 	    ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(bin) != cleanup_my_data_bm) {
 	    goto badarg;
@@ -1534,8 +1534,8 @@ binary_split(Process *p, Eterm arg1, Eterm arg2, Eterm arg3)
     bfs.global_result = &do_split_global_result;
     runres = do_binary_find(p, arg1, &bfs, bin, NIL, &result);
     if (runres == DO_BIN_MATCH_RESTART && bin_term == NIL) {
-	Eterm *hp = HAlloc(p, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-	bin_term = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(p), bin);
+	Eterm *hp = HAlloc(p, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+	bin_term = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(p), bin);
     } else if (bin_term == NIL) {
 	erts_bin_free(bin);
     }
@@ -1767,7 +1767,8 @@ static BIF_RETTYPE binary_find_trap(BIF_ALIST_3)
 {
     int runres;
     Eterm result;
-    Binary *bin = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(BIF_ARG_3))->val;
+    Binary *bin = erts_magic_ref2bin(BIF_ARG_3);
+
     runres = do_binary_find(BIF_P, BIF_ARG_1, NULL, bin, BIF_ARG_2, &result);
     if (runres == DO_BIN_MATCH_OK) {
 	BIF_RET(result);
@@ -2186,8 +2187,8 @@ static BIF_RETTYPE do_longest_common(Process *p, Eterm list, int direction)
 		cd[i].type = CL_TYPE_HEAP;
 	    }
 	}
-	hp = HAlloc(p, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-	bin_term = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(p), mb);
+	hp = HAlloc(p, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+	bin_term = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(p), mb);
 	BUMP_ALL_REDS(p);
 	BIF_TRAP3(trapper, p, bin_term, epos,list);
     }
@@ -2214,8 +2215,7 @@ static BIF_RETTYPE do_longest_common_trap(Process *p, Eterm bin_term, Eterm curr
 #else
     term_to_Uint(current_pos, &pos);
 #endif
-    ASSERT(ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(bin_term));
-    bin = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(bin_term))->val;
+    bin = erts_magic_ref2bin(bin_term);
     cd = (CommonData *) ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DATA(bin);
     if (direction == DIRECTION_PREFIX) {
 	trapper = &binary_longest_prefix_trap_export;
@@ -2681,8 +2681,8 @@ static BIF_RETTYPE do_binary_copy(Process *p, Eterm bin, Eterm en)
 	cbs->source_size = size;
 	cbs->result_pos = pos;
 	cbs->times_left = n-i;
-	hp = HAlloc(p,PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-	trap_term = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(p), mb);
+	hp = HAlloc(p, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+	trap_term = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(p), mb);
 	BUMP_ALL_REDS(p);
 	BIF_TRAP2(&binary_copy_trap_export, p, bin, trap_term);
     } else {
@@ -2717,7 +2717,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE binary_copy_trap(BIF_ALIST_2)
     Uint reds = get_reds(BIF_P, BINARY_COPY_LOOP_FACTOR);
     byte *t;
     Uint pos;
-    Binary *mb = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(BIF_ARG_2))->val;
+    Binary *mb = erts_magic_ref2bin(BIF_ARG_2);
     CopyBinState *cbs = (CopyBinState *) ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DATA(mb);
     Uint opos;
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_ddll.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_ddll.c
index 587859e413..2ce872d2bc 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_ddll.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_ddll.c
@@ -1109,25 +1109,25 @@ void erts_ddll_decrement_port_count(DE_Handle *dh)
 static void first_ddll_reference(DE_Handle *dh) 
 {
     assert_drv_list_rwlocked();
-    erts_refc_init(&(dh->refc),1);
+    erts_smp_refc_init(&(dh->refc),1);
 }
 
 void erts_ddll_reference_driver(DE_Handle *dh)
 {
     assert_drv_list_locked();
-    if (erts_refc_inctest(&(dh->refc),1) == 1) {
-	erts_refc_inc(&(dh->refc),2); /* add a reference for the scheduled operation */
+    if (erts_smp_refc_inctest(&(dh->refc),1) == 1) {
+	erts_smp_refc_inc(&(dh->refc),2); /* add a reference for the scheduled operation */
     }
 }
 
 void erts_ddll_reference_referenced_driver(DE_Handle *dh)
 {
-    erts_refc_inc(&(dh->refc),2);
+    erts_smp_refc_inc(&(dh->refc),2);
 }
 
 void erts_ddll_dereference_driver(DE_Handle *dh)
 {
-    if (erts_refc_dectest(&(dh->refc),0) == 0) {
+    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&(dh->refc),0) == 0) {
 	/* No lock here, but if the driver is referenced again,
 	   the scheduled deletion is added as a reference too, see above */
 	erts_schedule_misc_op(ddll_no_more_references, (void *) dh);
@@ -1150,11 +1150,11 @@ static void restore_process_references(DE_Handle *dh)
 {
     DE_ProcEntry *p;
     assert_drv_list_rwlocked();
-    ASSERT(erts_refc_read(&(dh->refc),0) == 0);
+    ASSERT(erts_smp_refc_read(&(dh->refc),0) == 0);
     for(p  = dh->procs;p != NULL; p = p->next) {
 	if (p->awaiting_status == ERL_DE_PROC_LOADED) {
 	    ASSERT(p->flags & ERL_DE_FL_DEREFERENCED);
-	    erts_refc_inc(&(dh->refc),1);
+	    erts_smp_refc_inc(&(dh->refc),1);
 	    p->flags &= ~ERL_DE_FL_DEREFERENCED;
 	}
     }
@@ -1176,9 +1176,9 @@ static void ddll_no_more_references(void *vdh)
 
     lock_drv_list();
 
-    x = erts_refc_read(&(dh->refc),0);
+    x = erts_smp_refc_read(&(dh->refc),0);
     if (x > 0) {
-	x = erts_refc_dectest(&(dh->refc),0); /* delete the reference added for me */
+	x = erts_smp_refc_dectest(&(dh->refc),0); /* delete the reference added for me */
     }
 
 
@@ -1476,8 +1476,10 @@ static void add_proc_loaded_deref(DE_Handle *dh, Process *proc)
 
 static Eterm copy_ref(Eterm ref, Eterm *hp)
 {
-    RefThing *ptr = ref_thing_ptr(ref);
-    memcpy(hp, ptr, sizeof(RefThing));
+    ErtsORefThing *ptr;
+    ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref));
+    ptr = ordinary_ref_thing_ptr(ref);
+    memcpy(hp, ptr, sizeof(ErtsORefThing));
     return (make_internal_ref(hp));
 }
 
@@ -1643,7 +1645,7 @@ static int load_driver_entry(DE_Handle **dhp, char *path, char *name)
     dh->handle = NULL;
     dh->procs = NULL;
     erts_smp_atomic32_init_nob(&dh->port_count, 0);
-    erts_refc_init(&(dh->refc), (erts_aint_t) 0);
+    erts_smp_refc_init(&(dh->refc), (erts_aint_t) 0);
     dh->status = -1;
     dh->reload_full_path = NULL;
     dh->reload_driver_name = NULL;
@@ -1681,7 +1683,7 @@ static int reload_driver_entry(DE_Handle *dh)
     dh->reload_full_path = NULL;
     dh->reload_driver_name = NULL;
 
-    ASSERT(erts_refc_read(&(dh->refc),0) == 0);
+    ASSERT(erts_smp_refc_read(&(dh->refc),0) == 0);
     ASSERT(dh->full_path != NULL);
     erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_DDLL_HANDLE, (void *) dh->full_path);
     dh->full_path = NULL;
@@ -1720,10 +1722,10 @@ static void notify_proc(Process *proc, Eterm ref, Eterm driver_name, Eterm type,
 	Eterm e;
 	mp = erts_alloc_message_heap(proc, &rp_locks,
 				     (6 /* tuple */ + 3 /* Error tuple */ + 
-				      REF_THING_SIZE + need),
+				      ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE + need),
 				     &hp, &ohp);
 	r = copy_ref(ref,hp);
-	hp += REF_THING_SIZE;
+	hp += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
 	e = build_load_error_hp(hp, errcode);
 	hp += need;
 	mess = TUPLE2(hp,tag,e);
@@ -1731,10 +1733,10 @@ static void notify_proc(Process *proc, Eterm ref, Eterm driver_name, Eterm type,
 	mess = TUPLE5(hp,type,r,am_driver,driver_name,mess);
     } else {	
 	mp = erts_alloc_message_heap(proc, &rp_locks,
-				     6 /* tuple */ + REF_THING_SIZE,
+				     6 /* tuple */ + ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE,
 				     &hp, &ohp);
 	r = copy_ref(ref,hp);
-	hp += REF_THING_SIZE;
+	hp += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
 	mess = TUPLE5(hp,type,r,am_driver,driver_name,tag);
     }
     erts_queue_message(proc, rp_locks, mp, mess, am_system);
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_guard.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_guard.c
index 458315f293..cdac4c1d11 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_guard.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_guard.c
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE round_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
     GET_DOUBLE(BIF_ARG_1, f);
 
     /* round it and return the resultant integer */
-    res = double_to_integer(BIF_P, (f.fd > 0.0) ? f.fd + 0.5 : f.fd - 0.5);
+    res = double_to_integer(BIF_P, round(f.fd));
     BIF_RET(res);
 }
 
@@ -630,8 +630,7 @@ Eterm erts_gc_round_1(Process* p, Eterm* reg, Uint live)
     }
     GET_DOUBLE(arg, f);
 
-    return gc_double_to_integer(p, (f.fd > 0.0) ? f.fd + 0.5 : f.fd - 0.5,
-				reg, live);
+    return gc_double_to_integer(p, round(f.fd), reg, live);
 }
 
 Eterm erts_gc_trunc_1(Process* p, Eterm* reg, Uint live)
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_info.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_info.c
index 9f32e0e7bd..06a73ffea5 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_info.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_info.c
@@ -177,7 +177,33 @@ bld_bin_list(Uint **hpp, Uint *szp, ErlOffHeap* oh)
 	    if (szp)
 		*szp += 4+2;
 	    if (hpp) {
-		Uint refc = (Uint) erts_smp_atomic_read_nob(&pb->val->refc);
+		Uint refc = (Uint) erts_refc_read(&pb->val->refc, 1);
+		tuple = TUPLE3(*hpp, val, orig_size, make_small(refc));
+		res = CONS(*hpp + 4, tuple, res);
+		*hpp += 4+2;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+static Eterm
+bld_magic_ref_bin_list(Uint **hpp, Uint *szp, ErlOffHeap* oh)
+{
+    struct erl_off_heap_header* ohh;
+    Eterm res = NIL;
+    Eterm tuple;
+
+    for (ohh = oh->first; ohh; ohh = ohh->next) {
+	if (is_ref_thing_header((*((Eterm *) ohh)))) {
+            ErtsMRefThing *mrtp = (ErtsMRefThing *) ohh;
+	    Eterm val = erts_bld_uword(hpp, szp, (UWord) mrtp->mb);
+	    Eterm orig_size = erts_bld_uint(hpp, szp, mrtp->mb->orig_size);
+    
+	    if (szp)
+		*szp += 4+2;
+	    if (hpp) {
+		Uint refc = (Uint) erts_refc_read(&mrtp->mb->refc, 1);
 		tuple = TUPLE3(*hpp, val, orig_size, make_small(refc));
 		res = CONS(*hpp + 4, tuple, res);
 		*hpp += 4+2;
@@ -627,7 +653,8 @@ static Eterm pi_args[] = {
     am_current_location,
     am_current_stacktrace,
     am_message_queue_data,
-    am_garbage_collection_info
+    am_garbage_collection_info,
+    am_magic_ref
 };
 
 #define ERTS_PI_ARGS ((int) (sizeof(pi_args)/sizeof(Eterm)))
@@ -678,6 +705,7 @@ pi_arg2ix(Eterm arg)
     case am_current_stacktrace:			return 31;
     case am_message_queue_data:			return 32;
     case am_garbage_collection_info:		return 33;
+    case am_magic_ref:                          return 34;
     default:					return -1;
     }
 }
@@ -1618,6 +1646,14 @@ process_info_aux(Process *BIF_P,
 	hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, 3);
 	break;
 
+    case am_magic_ref: {
+	Uint sz = 3;
+	(void) bld_magic_ref_bin_list(NULL, &sz, &MSO(rp));
+	hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, sz);
+	res = bld_magic_ref_bin_list(&hp, NULL, &MSO(rp));
+	break;
+    }
+
     default:
 	return THE_NON_VALUE; /* will produce badarg */
 
@@ -3551,6 +3587,11 @@ BIF_RETTYPE error_logger_warning_map_0(BIF_ALIST_0)
 
 static erts_smp_atomic_t available_internal_state;
 
+static int empty_magic_ref_destructor(Binary *bin)
+{
+    return 1;
+}
+
 BIF_RETTYPE erts_debug_get_internal_state_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 {
     /*
@@ -3916,6 +3957,34 @@ BIF_RETTYPE erts_debug_get_internal_state_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 		}
 		return make_atom(ix);
 	    }
+	    else if (ERTS_IS_ATOM_STR("magic_ref", tp[1])) {
+                Binary *bin;
+                UWord bin_addr, refc;
+                Eterm bin_addr_term, refc_term, test_type;
+                Uint sz;
+                Eterm *hp;
+                if (!is_internal_magic_ref(tp[2])) {
+                    if (is_internal_ordinary_ref(tp[2])) {
+                        ErtsORefThing *rtp;
+                        rtp = (ErtsORefThing *) internal_ref_val(tp[2]);
+                        if (erts_is_ref_numbers_magic(rtp->num))
+                            BIF_RET(am_true);
+                    }
+                    BIF_RET(am_false);
+                }
+                bin = erts_magic_ref2bin(tp[2]);
+                refc = erts_refc_read(&bin->refc, 1);
+                bin_addr = (UWord) bin;
+                sz = 4;
+                erts_bld_uword(NULL, &sz, bin_addr);
+                erts_bld_uword(NULL, &sz, refc);
+                hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, sz);
+                bin_addr_term = erts_bld_uword(&hp, NULL, bin_addr);
+                refc_term = erts_bld_uword(&hp, NULL, refc);
+                test_type = (ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(bin) == empty_magic_ref_destructor
+                             ? am_true : am_false);
+                BIF_RET(TUPLE3(hp, bin_addr_term, refc_term, test_type));
+	    }
 
 	    break;
 	}
@@ -4004,7 +4073,6 @@ static void broken_halt_test(Eterm bif_arg_2)
     erts_exit(ERTS_DUMP_EXIT, "%T", bif_arg_2);
 }
 
-
 BIF_RETTYPE erts_debug_set_internal_state_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
 {
     /*
@@ -4334,6 +4402,21 @@ BIF_RETTYPE erts_debug_set_internal_state_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
             /* Used by ets_SUITE (stdlib) */
             BIF_RET(erts_ets_restore_meta_state(BIF_P, BIF_ARG_2));
         }
+        else if (ERTS_IS_ATOM_STR("make", BIF_ARG_1)) {
+            if (ERTS_IS_ATOM_STR("magic_ref", BIF_ARG_2)) {
+                Binary *bin = erts_create_magic_binary(0, empty_magic_ref_destructor);
+                UWord bin_addr = (UWord) bin;
+                Eterm bin_addr_term, magic_ref, res;
+                Eterm *hp;
+                Uint sz = ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE + 3;
+                erts_bld_uword(NULL, &sz, bin_addr);
+                hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, sz);
+                bin_addr_term = erts_bld_uword(&hp, NULL, bin_addr);
+                magic_ref = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &BIF_P->off_heap, bin);
+                res = TUPLE2(hp, magic_ref, bin_addr_term);
+                BIF_RET(res);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_os.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_os.c
index 46777d3aa5..edc3c82b23 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_os.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_os.c
@@ -203,3 +203,17 @@ BIF_RETTYPE os_unsetenv_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
     }
     BIF_RET(am_true);
 }
+
+BIF_RETTYPE os_set_signal_2(BIF_ALIST_2) {
+    if (is_atom(BIF_ARG_1) && ((BIF_ARG_2 == am_ignore) ||
+                               (BIF_ARG_2 == am_default) ||
+                               (BIF_ARG_2 == am_handle))) {
+        if (!erts_set_signal(BIF_ARG_1, BIF_ARG_2))
+            goto error;
+
+        BIF_RET(am_ok);
+    }
+
+error:
+    BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
+}
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_port.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_port.c
index 90e78a9b0b..09d2c5376b 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_port.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_port.c
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE erts_internal_port_command_3(BIF_ALIST_3)
 	ASSERT(!(flags & ERTS_PORT_SIG_FLG_FORCE));
 	/* Fall through... */
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_SCHEDULED:
-	ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ref));
+	ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref));
 	ERTS_BIF_PREP_RET(res, ref);
 	break;
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_DONE:
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE erts_internal_port_call_3(BIF_ALIST_3)
 	retval = am_badarg;
 	break;
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_SCHEDULED:
-	ASSERT(is_internal_ref(retval));
+	ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(retval));
 	break;
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_DONE:
 	ASSERT(is_not_internal_ref(retval));
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE erts_internal_port_control_3(BIF_ALIST_3)
 	retval = am_badarg;
 	break;
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_SCHEDULED:
-	ASSERT(is_internal_ref(retval));
+	ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(retval));
 	break;
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_DONE:
 	ASSERT(is_not_internal_ref(retval));
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE erts_internal_port_close_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_DROPPED:
 	BIF_RET(am_badarg);
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_SCHEDULED:
-	ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ref));
+	ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref));
 	BIF_RET(ref);
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_DONE:
 	BIF_RET(am_true);
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE erts_internal_port_connect_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_DROPPED:
 	BIF_RET(am_badarg);
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_SCHEDULED:
-	ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ref));
+	ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref));
 	BIF_RET(ref);
 	break;
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_DONE:
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE erts_internal_port_info_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_DROPPED:
 	BIF_RET(am_undefined);
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_SCHEDULED:
-	ASSERT(is_internal_ref(retval));
+	ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(retval));
 	BIF_RET(retval);
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_DONE:
 	ASSERT(is_not_internal_ref(retval));
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE erts_internal_port_info_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_DROPPED:
 	BIF_RET(am_undefined);
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_SCHEDULED:
-	ASSERT(is_internal_ref(retval));
+	ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(retval));
 	BIF_RET(retval);
     case ERTS_PORT_OP_DONE:
 	ASSERT(is_not_internal_ref(retval));
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_re.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_re.c
index 391fee5753..a66b05c6ff 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_re.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_re.c
@@ -1320,17 +1320,17 @@ handle_iolist:
 	Binary *mbp = erts_create_magic_binary(sizeof(RestartContext),
 					       cleanup_restart_context_bin);
 	RestartContext *restartp = ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DATA(mbp);
-	Eterm magic_bin;
+	Eterm magic_ref;
 	Eterm *hp;
 	memcpy(restartp,&restart,sizeof(RestartContext));
 	BUMP_ALL_REDS(p);
-	hp = HAlloc(p, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-	magic_bin = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(p), mbp);
+	hp = HAlloc(p, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+	magic_ref = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(p), mbp);
 	BIF_TRAP3(&re_exec_trap_export, 
 		  p,
 		  arg1,
 		  arg2 /* To avoid GC of precompiled code, XXX: not utilized yet */,
-		  magic_bin);
+		  magic_ref);
     }
 
     res = build_exec_return(p, rc, &restart, arg1);
@@ -1367,9 +1367,7 @@ static BIF_RETTYPE re_exec_trap(BIF_ALIST_3)
     Uint loop_limit_tmp;
     Eterm res;
 
-    ASSERT(ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(BIF_ARG_3));
-
-    mbp = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(BIF_ARG_3))->val;
+    mbp = erts_magic_ref2bin(BIF_ARG_3);
 
     ASSERT(ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(mbp)
 	   == cleanup_restart_context_bin);
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_trace.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_trace.c
index a480754bdb..f471390501 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_trace.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_trace.c
@@ -2363,7 +2363,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE system_profile_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
 typedef struct {
     Process *proc;
     Eterm ref;
-    Eterm ref_heap[REF_THING_SIZE];
+    Eterm ref_heap[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];
     Eterm target;
     erts_smp_atomic32_t refc;
 } ErtsTraceDeliveredAll;
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_unique.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_unique.c
index 7c70217d8d..3fd4c87094 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_unique.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_unique.c
@@ -22,12 +22,15 @@
 #  include "config.h"
 #endif
 
+#define ERL_BIF_UNIQUE_C__
 #include "sys.h"
 #include "erl_vm.h"
 #include "erl_alloc.h"
 #include "export.h"
 #include "bif.h"
 #include "erl_bif_unique.h"
+#include "hash.h"
+#include "erl_binary.h"
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *\
  * Reference                                                         *
@@ -58,9 +61,20 @@ static union {
 static Uint32 max_thr_id;
 #endif
 
+static void init_magic_ref_tables(void);
+
+static Uint64 ref_init_value;
+
 static void
 init_reference(void)
 {
+    SysTimeval tv;
+    sys_gettimeofday(&tv);
+    ref_init_value = 0;
+    ref_init_value |= (Uint64) tv.tv_sec;
+    ref_init_value |= ((Uint64) tv.tv_usec) << 32;
+    ref_init_value *= (Uint64) 268438039;
+    ref_init_value += (Uint64) tv.tv_usec;
 #ifdef DEBUG
     max_thr_id = (Uint32) erts_no_schedulers;
 #ifdef ERTS_DIRTY_SCHEDULERS
@@ -68,11 +82,13 @@ init_reference(void)
     max_thr_id += (Uint32) erts_no_dirty_io_schedulers;
 #endif
 #endif
-    erts_atomic64_init_nob(&global_reference.count, 0);
+    erts_atomic64_init_nob(&global_reference.count,
+			   (erts_aint64_t) ref_init_value);
+    init_magic_ref_tables();
 }
 
 static ERTS_INLINE void
-global_make_ref_in_array(Uint32 thr_id, Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS])
+global_make_ref_in_array(Uint32 thr_id, Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS])
 {
     Uint64 value;
 
@@ -82,7 +98,7 @@ global_make_ref_in_array(Uint32 thr_id, Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS])
 }
 
 static ERTS_INLINE void
-make_ref_in_array(Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS])
+make_ref_in_array(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS])
 {
     ErtsSchedulerData *esdp = erts_get_scheduler_data();
     if (esdp)
@@ -92,15 +108,23 @@ make_ref_in_array(Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS])
 }
 
 void
-erts_make_ref_in_array(Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS])
+erts_make_ref_in_array(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS])
+{
+    make_ref_in_array(ref);
+}
+
+void
+erts_make_magic_ref_in_array(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS])
 {
     make_ref_in_array(ref);
+    ASSERT(!(ref[1] & ERTS_REF1_MAGIC_MARKER_BIT__));
+    ref[1] |= ERTS_REF1_MAGIC_MARKER_BIT__;
 }
 
-Eterm erts_make_ref_in_buffer(Eterm buffer[REF_THING_SIZE])
+Eterm erts_make_ref_in_buffer(Eterm buffer[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE])
 {
     Eterm* hp = buffer;
-    Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS];
+    Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS];
 
     make_ref_in_array(ref);
     write_ref_thing(hp, ref[0], ref[1], ref[2]);
@@ -110,11 +134,11 @@ Eterm erts_make_ref_in_buffer(Eterm buffer[REF_THING_SIZE])
 Eterm erts_make_ref(Process *c_p)
 {
     Eterm* hp;
-    Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS];
+    Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS];
 
     ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MAIN & erts_proc_lc_my_proc_locks(c_p));
 
-    hp = HAlloc(c_p, REF_THING_SIZE);
+    hp = HAlloc(c_p, ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE);
 
     make_ref_in_array(ref);
     write_ref_thing(hp, ref[0], ref[1], ref[2]);
@@ -122,6 +146,272 @@ Eterm erts_make_ref(Process *c_p)
     return make_internal_ref(hp);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Magic reference tables
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+    HashBucket hash;
+    ErtsMagicBinary *mb;
+    Uint64 value;
+    Uint32 thr_id;
+} ErtsMagicRefTableEntry;
+
+typedef struct {
+    erts_rwmtx_t rwmtx;
+    Hash hash;
+    char name[32];
+} ErtsMagicRefTable;
+
+typedef struct {
+    union {
+	ErtsMagicRefTable table;
+	char align__[ERTS_ALC_CACHE_LINE_ALIGN_SIZE(sizeof(ErtsMagicRefTable))];
+    } u;
+} ErtsAlignedMagicRefTable;
+
+ErtsAlignedMagicRefTable *magic_ref_table;
+
+ErtsMagicBinary *
+erts_magic_ref_lookup_bin__(Uint32 refn[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS])
+{
+    ErtsMagicRefTableEntry tmpl;
+    ErtsMagicRefTableEntry *tep;
+    ErtsMagicBinary *mb;
+    ErtsMagicRefTable *tblp;
+
+    ASSERT(erts_is_ref_numbers_magic(refn));
+
+    tmpl.value = erts_get_ref_numbers_value(refn);
+    tmpl.thr_id = erts_get_ref_numbers_thr_id(refn);
+    if (tmpl.thr_id > erts_no_schedulers)
+	tblp = &magic_ref_table[0].u.table;
+    else
+	tblp = &magic_ref_table[tmpl.thr_id].u.table;
+
+    erts_rwmtx_rlock(&tblp->rwmtx);
+
+    tep = (ErtsMagicRefTableEntry *) hash_get(&tblp->hash, &tmpl);
+    if (!tep)
+	mb = NULL;
+    else {
+	erts_aint_t refc;
+	mb = tep->mb;
+        refc = erts_refc_inc_unless(&mb->refc, 0, 0);
+        if (refc == 0)
+            mb = NULL;
+    }
+
+    erts_rwmtx_runlock(&tblp->rwmtx);
+
+    return mb;
+}
+
+void
+erts_magic_ref_save_bin__(Eterm ref)
+{
+    ErtsMagicRefTableEntry tmpl;
+    ErtsMagicRefTableEntry *tep;
+    ErtsMRefThing *mrtp;
+    ErtsMagicRefTable *tblp;
+    Uint32 *refn;
+
+    ASSERT(is_internal_magic_ref(ref));
+
+    mrtp = (ErtsMRefThing *) internal_ref_val(ref);
+    refn = mrtp->mb->refn;
+
+    tmpl.value = erts_get_ref_numbers_value(refn);
+    tmpl.thr_id = erts_get_ref_numbers_thr_id(refn);
+
+    if (tmpl.thr_id > erts_no_schedulers)
+	tblp = &magic_ref_table[0].u.table;
+    else
+	tblp = &magic_ref_table[tmpl.thr_id].u.table;
+
+    erts_rwmtx_rlock(&tblp->rwmtx);
+
+    tep = (ErtsMagicRefTableEntry *) hash_get(&tblp->hash, &tmpl);
+
+    erts_rwmtx_runlock(&tblp->rwmtx);
+
+    if (!tep) {
+	ErtsMagicRefTableEntry *used_tep;
+	
+	ASSERT(tmpl.value == erts_get_ref_numbers_value(refn));
+	ASSERT(tmpl.thr_id == erts_get_ref_numbers_thr_id(refn));
+
+	if (tblp != &magic_ref_table[0].u.table) {
+	    tep = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_MREF_NSCHED_ENT,
+			     sizeof(ErtsNSchedMagicRefTableEntry));
+	}
+	else {
+	    tep = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_MREF_ENT,
+			     sizeof(ErtsMagicRefTableEntry));
+	    tep->thr_id = tmpl.thr_id;
+	}
+
+	tep->value = tmpl.value;
+	tep->mb = mrtp->mb;
+
+	erts_rwmtx_rwlock(&tblp->rwmtx);
+
+	used_tep = hash_put(&tblp->hash, tep);
+
+	erts_rwmtx_rwunlock(&tblp->rwmtx);
+
+	if (used_tep != tep) {
+	    if (tblp != &magic_ref_table[0].u.table)
+		erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_MREF_NSCHED_ENT, (void *) tep);
+	    else
+		erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_MREF_ENT, (void *) tep);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+void
+erts_magic_ref_remove_bin(Uint32 refn[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS])
+{
+    ErtsMagicRefTableEntry tmpl;
+    ErtsMagicRefTableEntry *tep;
+    ErtsMagicRefTable *tblp;
+
+    tmpl.value = erts_get_ref_numbers_value(refn);
+    tmpl.thr_id = erts_get_ref_numbers_thr_id(refn);
+
+    if (tmpl.thr_id > erts_no_schedulers)
+	tblp = &magic_ref_table[0].u.table;
+    else
+	tblp = &magic_ref_table[tmpl.thr_id].u.table;
+
+    erts_rwmtx_rlock(&tblp->rwmtx);
+
+    tep = (ErtsMagicRefTableEntry *) hash_get(&tblp->hash, &tmpl);
+
+    erts_rwmtx_runlock(&tblp->rwmtx);
+
+    if (tep) {
+
+	ASSERT(tmpl.value == erts_get_ref_numbers_value(refn));
+	ASSERT(tmpl.thr_id == erts_get_ref_numbers_thr_id(refn));
+
+	erts_rwmtx_rwlock(&tblp->rwmtx);
+
+	tep = hash_remove(&tblp->hash, &tmpl);
+	ASSERT(tep);
+
+	erts_rwmtx_rwunlock(&tblp->rwmtx);
+
+	if (tblp != &magic_ref_table[0].u.table)
+	    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_MREF_NSCHED_ENT, (void *) tep);
+	else
+	    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_MREF_ENT, (void *) tep);
+    }
+}
+
+static int nsched_mreft_cmp(void *ve1, void *ve2)
+{
+    ErtsNSchedMagicRefTableEntry *e1 = ve1;
+    ErtsNSchedMagicRefTableEntry *e2 = ve2;
+    return e1->value != e2->value;
+}
+
+static int non_nsched_mreft_cmp(void *ve1, void *ve2)
+{
+    ErtsMagicRefTableEntry *e1 = ve1;
+    ErtsMagicRefTableEntry *e2 = ve2;
+    return e1->value != e2->value || e1->thr_id != e2->thr_id;
+}
+
+static HashValue nsched_mreft_hash(void *ve)
+{
+    ErtsNSchedMagicRefTableEntry *e = ve;
+    return (HashValue) e->value;
+}
+
+static HashValue non_nsched_mreft_hash(void *ve)
+{
+    ErtsMagicRefTableEntry *e = ve;
+    HashValue h;
+    h = (HashValue) e->thr_id;
+    h *= 268440163;
+    h += (HashValue) e->value;
+    return h;
+}
+
+static void *mreft_alloc(void *ve)
+{
+    /*
+     * We allocate the element before
+     * hash_put() and pass it as
+     * template which we get as
+     * input...
+     */
+    return ve;
+}
+
+static void mreft_free(void *ve)
+{
+    /*
+     * We free the element ourselves
+     * after hash_remove()...
+     */
+}
+
+static void *mreft_meta_alloc(int i, size_t size)
+{
+    return erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_MREF_TAB_BKTS, size);
+}
+
+static void mreft_meta_free(int i, void *ptr)
+{
+    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_MREF_TAB_BKTS, ptr);
+}
+
+static void
+init_magic_ref_tables(void)
+{
+    HashFunctions hash_funcs;
+    int i;
+    ErtsMagicRefTable *tblp;
+
+    magic_ref_table = erts_alloc_permanent_cache_aligned(ERTS_ALC_T_MREF_TAB,
+							 (sizeof(ErtsAlignedMagicRefTable)
+							  * (erts_no_schedulers + 1)));
+
+    hash_funcs.hash = non_nsched_mreft_hash;
+    hash_funcs.cmp = non_nsched_mreft_cmp;
+
+    hash_funcs.alloc = mreft_alloc;
+    hash_funcs.free = mreft_free;
+    hash_funcs.meta_alloc = mreft_meta_alloc;
+    hash_funcs.meta_free = mreft_meta_free;
+    hash_funcs.meta_print = erts_print;
+
+    tblp = &magic_ref_table[0].u.table;
+    erts_snprintf(&tblp->name[0], sizeof(tblp->name),
+		  "magic_ref_table_0");
+    hash_init(0, &tblp->hash, &tblp->name[0], 1, hash_funcs);
+    erts_rwmtx_init(&tblp->rwmtx, "magic_ref_table");
+
+    hash_funcs.hash = nsched_mreft_hash;
+    hash_funcs.cmp = nsched_mreft_cmp;
+
+    for (i = 1; i <= erts_no_schedulers; i++) {
+	ErtsMagicRefTable *tblp = &magic_ref_table[i].u.table;
+	erts_snprintf(&tblp->name[0], sizeof(tblp->name),
+		      "magic_ref_table_%d", i);
+	hash_init(0, &tblp->hash, &tblp->name[0], 1, hash_funcs);
+	erts_rwmtx_init(&tblp->rwmtx, "magic_ref_table");
+    }
+}
+
+void erts_ref_bin_free(ErtsMagicBinary *mb)
+{
+    erts_bin_free((Binary *) mb);
+}
+
+
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *\
  * Unique Integer                                                    *
 \*                                                                   */
@@ -498,7 +788,7 @@ void
 erts_sched_bif_unique_init(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp)
 {
     esdp->unique = (Uint64) 0;
-    esdp->ref = (Uint64) 0;
+    esdp->ref = (Uint64) ref_init_value;
 }
 
 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *\
@@ -513,7 +803,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE make_ref_0(BIF_ALIST_0)
 
     ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MAIN & erts_proc_lc_my_proc_locks(BIF_P));
 
-    hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, REF_THING_SIZE);
+    hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE);
 
     res = erts_sched_make_ref_in_buffer(erts_proc_sched_data(BIF_P), hp);
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_unique.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_unique.h
index c6481864d0..27c2a15a5e 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_unique.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_unique.h
@@ -21,16 +21,25 @@
 #ifndef ERTS_BIF_UNIQUE_H__
 #define ERTS_BIF_UNIQUE_H__
 
+#include "erl_term.h"
 #include "erl_process.h"
 #include "big.h"
+#define ERTS_BINARY_TYPES_ONLY__
+#include "erl_binary.h"
+#undef ERTS_BINARY_TYPES_ONLY__
 
 void erts_bif_unique_init(void);
 void erts_sched_bif_unique_init(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp);
 
 /* reference */
 Eterm erts_make_ref(Process *);
-Eterm erts_make_ref_in_buffer(Eterm buffer[REF_THING_SIZE]);
-void erts_make_ref_in_array(Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS]);
+Eterm erts_make_ref_in_buffer(Eterm buffer[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE]);
+void erts_make_ref_in_array(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS]);
+void erts_make_magic_ref_in_array(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS]);
+void erts_magic_ref_remove_bin(Uint32 refn[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS]);
+void erts_magic_ref_save_bin__(Eterm ref);
+ErtsMagicBinary *erts_magic_ref_lookup_bin__(Uint32 refn[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS]);
+
 
 /* strict monotonic counter */
 
@@ -67,19 +76,35 @@ Eterm erts_debug_make_unique_integer(Process *c_p,
 				     Eterm etval1);
 
 
-ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_set_ref_numbers(Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS],
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_set_ref_numbers(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS],
 					  Uint32 thr_id, Uint64 value);
-ERTS_GLB_INLINE Uint32 erts_get_ref_numbers_thr_id(Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS]);
-ERTS_GLB_INLINE Uint64 erts_get_ref_numbers_value(Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS]);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Uint32 erts_get_ref_numbers_thr_id(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS]);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE int erts_is_ref_numbers_magic(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS]);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Uint64 erts_get_ref_numbers_value(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS]);
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_sched_make_ref_in_array(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp,
-						  Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS]);
+						  Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS]);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_sched_make_magic_ref_in_array(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp,
+							Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS]);
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm erts_sched_make_ref_in_buffer(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp,
-						    Eterm buffer[REF_THING_SIZE]);
+						    Eterm buffer[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE]);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm erts_mk_magic_ref(Eterm **hpp, ErlOffHeap *ohp, Binary *mbp);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Binary *erts_magic_ref2bin(Eterm mref);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_magic_ref_save_bin(Eterm ref);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE ErtsMagicBinary *erts_magic_ref_lookup_bin(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS]);
+
+#define ERTS_REF1_MAGIC_MARKER_BIT_NO__ \
+    (_REF_NUM_SIZE-1)
+#define ERTS_REF1_MAGIC_MARKER_BIT__ \
+    (((Uint32) 1) << ERTS_REF1_MAGIC_MARKER_BIT_NO__)
+#define ERTS_REF1_THR_ID_MASK__ \
+    (ERTS_REF1_MAGIC_MARKER_BIT__-1)
+#define ERTS_REF1_NUM_MASK__ \
+    (~(ERTS_REF1_THR_ID_MASK__|ERTS_REF1_MAGIC_MARKER_BIT__))
 
 #if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF
 
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
-erts_set_ref_numbers(Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS], Uint32 thr_id, Uint64 value)
+erts_set_ref_numbers(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS], Uint32 thr_id, Uint64 value)
 {
     /*
      * We cannot use thread id in the first 18-bit word since
@@ -87,30 +112,39 @@ erts_set_ref_numbers(Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS], Uint32 thr_id, Uint64 val
      * we did, we would get really poor hash values. Instead
      * we have to shuffle the bits a bit.
      */
-    ASSERT(thr_id == (thr_id & ((Uint32) 0x3ffff)));
-    ref[0] = (Uint32) (value & ((Uint64) 0x3ffff));
-    ref[1] = (((Uint32) (value & ((Uint64) 0xfffc0000)))
-	      | (thr_id & ((Uint32) 0x3ffff)));
+    ASSERT(thr_id == (thr_id & ((Uint32) ERTS_REF1_THR_ID_MASK__)));
+    ref[0] = (Uint32) (value & ((Uint64) REF_MASK));
+    ref[1] = (((Uint32) (value & ((Uint64) ERTS_REF1_NUM_MASK__)))
+	      | (thr_id & ((Uint32) ERTS_REF1_THR_ID_MASK__)));
     ref[2] = (Uint32) ((value >> 32) & ((Uint64) 0xffffffff));
 }
 
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE Uint32
-erts_get_ref_numbers_thr_id(Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS])
+erts_get_ref_numbers_thr_id(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS])
 {
-    return ref[1] & ((Uint32) 0x3ffff);
+    return ref[1] & ((Uint32) ERTS_REF1_THR_ID_MASK__);
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE int
+erts_is_ref_numbers_magic(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS])
+{
+    return !!(ref[1] & ERTS_REF1_MAGIC_MARKER_BIT__);
 }
 
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE Uint64
-erts_get_ref_numbers_value(Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS])
+erts_get_ref_numbers_value(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS])
 {
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT((ERTS_REF1_NUM_MASK__ | REF_MASK) == 0xffffffff);
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT((ERTS_REF1_NUM_MASK__ & REF_MASK) == 0);
+
     return (((((Uint64) ref[2]) & ((Uint64) 0xffffffff)) << 32)
-	    | (((Uint64) ref[1]) & ((Uint64) 0xfffc0000))
-	    | (((Uint64) ref[0]) & ((Uint64) 0x3ffff)));
+	    | (((Uint64) ref[1]) & ((Uint64) ERTS_REF1_NUM_MASK__))
+	    | (((Uint64) ref[0]) & ((Uint64) REF_MASK)));
 }
 
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
 erts_sched_make_ref_in_array(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp,
-			     Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS])
+			     Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS])
 {
     Uint64 value;
 
@@ -119,18 +153,288 @@ erts_sched_make_ref_in_array(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp,
     erts_set_ref_numbers(ref, (Uint32) esdp->thr_id, value);
 }
 
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
+erts_sched_make_magic_ref_in_array(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp,
+				   Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS])
+{
+    erts_sched_make_ref_in_array(esdp, ref);
+    ASSERT(!(ref[1] & ERTS_REF1_MAGIC_MARKER_BIT__));
+    ref[1] |= ERTS_REF1_MAGIC_MARKER_BIT__;
+}
+
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm
 erts_sched_make_ref_in_buffer(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp,
-			      Eterm buffer[REF_THING_SIZE])
+			      Eterm buffer[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE])
 {
     Eterm* hp = buffer;
-    Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS];
+    Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS];
 
     erts_sched_make_ref_in_array(esdp, ref);
     write_ref_thing(hp, ref[0], ref[1], ref[2]);
     return make_internal_ref(hp);
 }
 
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm
+erts_mk_magic_ref(Eterm **hpp, ErlOffHeap *ohp, Binary *bp)
+{
+    Eterm *hp = *hpp;
+    ASSERT(bp->flags & BIN_FLAG_MAGIC);
+    write_magic_ref_thing(hp, ohp, (ErtsMagicBinary *) bp);
+    *hpp += ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE;
+    erts_refc_inc(&bp->refc, 1);
+    OH_OVERHEAD(ohp, bp->orig_size / sizeof(Eterm));
+    return make_internal_ref(hp);
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Binary *
+erts_magic_ref2bin(Eterm mref)
+{
+    ErtsMRefThing *mrtp;
+    ASSERT(is_internal_magic_ref(mref));
+    mrtp = (ErtsMRefThing *) internal_ref_val(mref);
+    return (Binary *) mrtp->mb;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Save the magic binary of a ref when the
+ * ref is exposed to the outside world...
+ */
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
+erts_magic_ref_save_bin(Eterm ref)
+{
+    if (is_internal_magic_ref(ref))
+	erts_magic_ref_save_bin__(ref);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Look up the magic binary of a magic ref
+ * when the ref comes from the outside world...
+ */
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE ErtsMagicBinary *
+erts_magic_ref_lookup_bin(Uint32 ref[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS])
+{
+    if (!erts_is_ref_numbers_magic(ref))
+	return NULL;
+    return erts_magic_ref_lookup_bin__(ref);
+}
+
+
 #endif /* ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF */
 
+
+/*
+ * Storage of internal refs in misc structures...
+ */
+
+#include "erl_message.h"
+
+#if ERTS_REF_NUMBERS != 3
+#  error fix this...
+#endif
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE int erts_internal_ref_number_cmp(Uint32 num1[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS],
+						 Uint32 num2[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS]);
+
+#if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE int
+erts_internal_ref_number_cmp(Uint32 num1[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS],
+			     Uint32 num2[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS])
+{
+    if (num1[2] != num2[2])
+	return (int) ((Sint64) num1[2] - (Sint64) num2[2]);
+    if (num1[1] != num2[1])
+	return (int) ((Sint64) num1[1] - (Sint64) num2[1]);
+    if (num1[0] != num2[0])
+	return (int) ((Sint64) num1[0] - (Sint64) num2[0]);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* #if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF */
+
+/* Iref storage for all internal references... */ 
+typedef struct {
+    Uint32 is_magic;
+    union {
+	ErtsMagicBinary *mb;
+	Uint32 num[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS];
+    } u;
+} ErtsIRefStorage;
+
+void erts_ref_bin_free(ErtsMagicBinary *mb);
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_iref_storage_save(ErtsIRefStorage *iref, Eterm ref);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_iref_storage_clean(ErtsIRefStorage *iref);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Uint erts_iref_storage_heap_size(ErtsIRefStorage *iref);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm erts_iref_storage_make_ref(ErtsIRefStorage *iref,
+						 Eterm **hpp, ErlOffHeap *ohp,
+						 int clean_storage);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE int erts_iref_storage_cmp(ErtsIRefStorage *iref1,
+					  ErtsIRefStorage *iref2);
+
+
+#if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
+erts_iref_storage_save(ErtsIRefStorage *iref, Eterm ref)
+{
+    Eterm *hp;
+
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT(ERTS_REF_NUMBERS == 3);
+    ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ref));
+
+    hp = boxed_val(ref);
+
+    if (is_ordinary_ref_thing(hp)) {
+	ErtsORefThing *rtp = (ErtsORefThing *) hp;
+	iref->is_magic = 0;
+	iref->u.num[0] = rtp->num[0];
+	iref->u.num[1] = rtp->num[1];
+	iref->u.num[2] = rtp->num[2];
+    }
+    else {
+	ErtsMRefThing *mrtp = (ErtsMRefThing *) hp;
+	ASSERT(is_magic_ref_thing(hp));
+	iref->is_magic = 1;
+	iref->u.mb = mrtp->mb;
+	erts_refc_inc(&mrtp->mb->refc, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
+erts_iref_storage_clean(ErtsIRefStorage *iref)
+{
+    if (iref->is_magic && erts_refc_dectest(&iref->u.mb->refc, 0) == 0)
+	erts_ref_bin_free(iref->u.mb);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    memset((void *) iref, 0xf, sizeof(ErtsIRefStorage));
+#endif
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Uint
+erts_iref_storage_heap_size(ErtsIRefStorage *iref)
+{
+    return iref->is_magic ? ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE : ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm
+erts_iref_storage_make_ref(ErtsIRefStorage *iref,
+			   Eterm **hpp, ErlOffHeap *ohp,
+			   int clean_storage)
+{
+    Eterm *hp = *hpp;
+    if (!iref->is_magic) {
+	write_ref_thing(hp, iref->u.num[0], iref->u.num[1],
+			iref->u.num[2]);
+	*hpp += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
+    }
+    else {
+	write_magic_ref_thing(hp, ohp, iref->u.mb);
+        OH_OVERHEAD(ohp, iref->u.mb->orig_size / sizeof(Eterm));
+	*hpp += ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE;
+	/*
+	 * If we clean storage, the term inherits the
+	 * refc increment of the cleaned storage...
+	 */
+	if (!clean_storage)
+	    erts_refc_inc(&iref->u.mb->refc, 1);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    if (clean_storage)
+	memset((void *) iref, 0xf, sizeof(ErtsIRefStorage));
+#endif
+
+    return make_internal_ref(hp);
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE int
+erts_iref_storage_cmp(ErtsIRefStorage *iref1,
+		      ErtsIRefStorage *iref2)
+{
+    Uint32 *num1 = iref1->is_magic ? iref1->u.mb->refn : iref1->u.num;
+    Uint32 *num2 = iref2->is_magic ? iref2->u.mb->refn : iref2->u.num;
+    return erts_internal_ref_number_cmp(num1, num2);
+}
+
+#endif /* #if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF */
+
+
+/* OIref storage for ordinary internal references only... */ 
+typedef struct {
+    Uint32 num[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS];
+} ErtsOIRefStorage;
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_oiref_storage_save(ErtsOIRefStorage *oiref,
+					     Eterm ref);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm erts_oiref_storage_make_ref(ErtsOIRefStorage *oiref,
+						  Eterm **hpp);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE int erts_oiref_storage_cmp(ErtsOIRefStorage *oiref1,
+					   ErtsOIRefStorage *oiref2);
+
+#if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
+erts_oiref_storage_save(ErtsOIRefStorage *oiref, Eterm ref)
+{
+    ErtsORefThing *rtp;
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT(ERTS_REF_NUMBERS == 3);
+    ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref));
+
+    rtp = (ErtsORefThing *) internal_ref_val(ref);
+
+    oiref->num[0] = rtp->num[0];
+    oiref->num[1] = rtp->num[1];
+    oiref->num[2] = rtp->num[2];
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm
+erts_oiref_storage_make_ref(ErtsOIRefStorage *oiref, Eterm **hpp)
+{
+    Eterm *hp = *hpp;
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT(ERTS_REF_NUMBERS == 3);
+    write_ref_thing(hp, oiref->num[0], oiref->num[1], oiref->num[2]);
+    *hpp += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
+    return make_internal_ref(hp);
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE int
+erts_oiref_storage_cmp(ErtsOIRefStorage *oiref1,
+		       ErtsOIRefStorage *oiref2)
+{
+    return erts_internal_ref_number_cmp(oiref1->num, oiref2->num);
+}
+
+#endif /* #if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF */
+
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm
+erts_proc_store_ref(Process *c_p, Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS]);
+
+#if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm
+erts_proc_store_ref(Process *c_p, Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS])
+{
+    Eterm *hp = HAlloc(c_p, ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE);
+    write_ref_thing(hp, ref[0], ref[1], ref[2]);
+    return make_internal_ref(hp);
+}
+
+#endif
+
 #endif /*  ERTS_BIF_UNIQUE_H__ */
+
+#if (defined(ERTS_ALLOC_C__) || defined(ERL_BIF_UNIQUE_C__)) \
+    && !defined(ERTS_BIF_UNIQUE_H__FIX_ALLOC_TYPES__)
+#define ERTS_BIF_UNIQUE_H__FIX_ALLOC_TYPES__
+
+#include "hash.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+    HashBucket hash;
+    ErtsMagicBinary *mb;
+    Uint64 value;
+} ErtsNSchedMagicRefTableEntry;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_binary.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_binary.h
index 52efa06816..db259be2a7 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_binary.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_binary.h
@@ -18,11 +18,146 @@
  * %CopyrightEnd%
  */
 
-#ifndef __ERL_BINARY_H
-#define __ERL_BINARY_H
+#ifndef ERL_BINARY_H__TYPES__
+#define ERL_BINARY_H__TYPES__
+
+/*
+** Just like the driver binary but with initial flags
+** Note that the two structures Binary and ErlDrvBinary HAVE to
+** be equal except for extra fields in the beginning of the struct.
+** ErlDrvBinary is defined in erl_driver.h.
+** When driver_alloc_binary is called, a Binary is allocated, but 
+** the pointer returned is to the address of the first element that
+** also occurs in the ErlDrvBinary struct (driver.*binary takes care if this).
+** The driver need never know about additions to the internal Binary of the
+** emulator. One should however NEVER be sloppy when mixing ErlDrvBinary
+** and Binary, the macros below can convert one type to the other, as they both
+** in reality are equal.
+*/
+
+#ifdef ARCH_32
+ /* *DO NOT USE* only for alignment. */
+#define ERTS_BINARY_STRUCT_ALIGNMENT Uint32 align__;
+#else
+#define ERTS_BINARY_STRUCT_ALIGNMENT
+#endif
+
+/* Add fields in ERTS_INTERNAL_BINARY_FIELDS, otherwise the drivers crash */
+#define ERTS_INTERNAL_BINARY_FIELDS				\
+    UWord flags;						\
+    erts_refc_t refc;						\
+    ERTS_BINARY_STRUCT_ALIGNMENT
+
+typedef struct binary {
+    ERTS_INTERNAL_BINARY_FIELDS
+    SWord orig_size;
+    char orig_bytes[1]; /* to be continued */
+} Binary;
+
+#define ERTS_SIZEOF_Binary(Sz) \
+    (offsetof(Binary,orig_bytes) + (Sz))
+
+#if ERTS_REF_NUMBERS != 3
+#error "Update ErtsMagicBinary"
+#endif
+
+typedef struct magic_binary ErtsMagicBinary;
+struct magic_binary {
+    ERTS_INTERNAL_BINARY_FIELDS
+    SWord orig_size;
+    int (*destructor)(Binary *);
+    Uint32 refn[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS];
+    ErtsAlcType_t alloc_type;
+    union {
+        struct {
+            ERTS_BINARY_STRUCT_ALIGNMENT
+            char data[1];
+        } aligned;
+        struct {
+            char data[1];
+        } unaligned;
+    } u;
+};
+
+#ifdef ARCH_32
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_BYTES_TO_ALIGN 4
+#else
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_BYTES_TO_ALIGN 0
+#endif
+
+typedef union {
+    Binary binary;
+    ErtsMagicBinary magic_binary;
+    struct {
+	ERTS_INTERNAL_BINARY_FIELDS
+	ErlDrvBinary binary;
+    } driver;
+} ErtsBinary;
+
+/*
+ * 'Binary' alignment:
+ *   Address of orig_bytes[0] of a Binary should always be 8-byte aligned.
+ * It is assumed that the flags, refc, and orig_size fields are 4 bytes on
+ * 32-bits architectures and 8 bytes on 64-bits architectures.
+ */
+
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_REFN(BP) \
+  ((ErtsBinary *) (BP))->magic_binary.refn
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_ATYPE(BP) \
+  ((ErtsBinary *) (BP))->magic_binary.alloc_type
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_DATA_OFFSET \
+  (offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.aligned.data) - offsetof(Binary,orig_bytes))
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(BP) \
+  ((ErtsBinary *) (BP))->magic_binary.destructor
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DATA(BP) \
+  ((void *) ((ErtsBinary *) (BP))->magic_binary.u.aligned.data)
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DATA_SIZE(BP) \
+  ((BP)->orig_size - ERTS_MAGIC_DATA_OFFSET)
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_DATA_OFFSET \
+  (offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.aligned.data) - offsetof(Binary,orig_bytes))
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_ORIG_SIZE(Sz) \
+  (ERTS_MAGIC_DATA_OFFSET + (Sz))
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_SIZE(Sz) \
+  (offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.aligned.data) + (Sz))
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_FROM_DATA(DATA) \
+  ((ErtsBinary*)((char*)(DATA) - offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.aligned.data)))
+
+/* On 32-bit arch these macro variants will save memory
+   by not forcing 8-byte alignment for the magic payload.
+*/
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_DATA(BP) \
+  ((void *) ((ErtsBinary *) (BP))->magic_binary.u.unaligned.data)
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_UNALIGNED_DATA_OFFSET \
+  (offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.unaligned.data) - offsetof(Binary,orig_bytes))
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_DATA_SIZE(BP) \
+  ((BP)->orig_size - ERTS_MAGIC_UNALIGNED_DATA_OFFSET)
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_ORIG_SIZE(Sz) \
+  (ERTS_MAGIC_UNALIGNED_DATA_OFFSET + (Sz))
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_SIZE(Sz) \
+  (offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.unaligned.data) + (Sz))
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_FROM_UNALIGNED_DATA(DATA) \
+  ((ErtsBinary*)((char*)(DATA) - offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.unaligned.data)))
+
+
+#define Binary2ErlDrvBinary(B) (&((ErtsBinary *) (B))->driver.binary)
+#define ErlDrvBinary2Binary(D) ((Binary *) \
+				(((char *) (D)) \
+				 - offsetof(ErtsBinary, driver.binary)))
+
+/* A "magic" binary flag */
+#define BIN_FLAG_MAGIC      1
+#define BIN_FLAG_USR1       2 /* Reserved for use by different modules too mark */
+#define BIN_FLAG_USR2       4 /*  certain binaries as special (used by ets) */
+#define BIN_FLAG_DRV        8
+
+#endif /* ERL_BINARY_H__TYPES__ */
+
+#if !defined(ERL_BINARY_H__) && !defined(ERTS_BINARY_TYPES_ONLY__)
+#define ERL_BINARY_H__
 
 #include "erl_threads.h"
 #include "bif.h"
+#include "erl_bif_unique.h"
 
 /*
  * Maximum number of bytes to place in a heap binary.
@@ -165,6 +300,17 @@ BIF_RETTYPE erts_gc_binary_part(Process *p, Eterm *reg, Eterm live, int range_is
 BIF_RETTYPE erts_binary_part(Process *p, Eterm binary, Eterm epos, Eterm elen);
 
 
+typedef union {
+    /*
+     * These two are almost always of
+     * the same size, but when fallback
+     * atomics are used they might
+     * differ in size.
+     */
+    erts_smp_atomic_t smp_atomic_word;
+    erts_atomic_t atomic_word;
+} ErtsMagicIndirectionWord;
+
 #if defined(__i386__) || !defined(__GNUC__)
 /*
  * Doubles aren't required to be 8-byte aligned on intel x86.
@@ -190,9 +336,13 @@ ERTS_GLB_INLINE Binary *erts_bin_realloc(Binary *bp, Uint size);
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_bin_free(Binary *bp);
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE Binary *erts_create_magic_binary_x(Uint size,
                                                   int (*destructor)(Binary *),
+                                                   ErtsAlcType_t alloc_type,
                                                   int unaligned);
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE Binary *erts_create_magic_binary(Uint size,
 						 int (*destructor)(Binary *));
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Binary *erts_create_magic_indirection(int (*destructor)(Binary *));
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_smp_atomic_t *erts_smp_binary_to_magic_indirection(Binary *bp);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_atomic_t *erts_binary_to_magic_indirection(Binary *bp);
 
 #if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF
 
@@ -321,12 +471,14 @@ ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
 erts_bin_free(Binary *bp)
 {
     if (bp->flags & BIN_FLAG_MAGIC) {
-	if (!ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(bp)(bp)) {
+        if (!ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(bp)(bp)) {
             /* Destructor took control of the deallocation */
             return;
         }
+	erts_magic_ref_remove_bin(ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_REFN(bp));
+        erts_free(ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_ATYPE(bp), (void *) bp);
     }
-    if (bp->flags & BIN_FLAG_DRV)
+    else if (bp->flags & BIN_FLAG_DRV)
 	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_DRV_BINARY, (void *) bp);
     else
 	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_BINARY, (void *) bp);
@@ -334,29 +486,63 @@ erts_bin_free(Binary *bp)
 
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE Binary *
 erts_create_magic_binary_x(Uint size, int (*destructor)(Binary *),
+                           ErtsAlcType_t alloc_type,
                            int unaligned)
 {
     Uint bsize = unaligned ? ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_SIZE(size)
                            : ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_SIZE(size);
-    Binary* bptr = erts_alloc_fnf(ERTS_ALC_T_BINARY, bsize);
+    Binary* bptr = erts_alloc_fnf(alloc_type, bsize);
     ASSERT(bsize > size);
     if (!bptr)
-	erts_alloc_n_enomem(ERTS_ALC_T2N(ERTS_ALC_T_BINARY), bsize);
+	erts_alloc_n_enomem(ERTS_ALC_T2N(alloc_type), bsize);
     ERTS_CHK_BIN_ALIGNMENT(bptr);
     bptr->flags = BIN_FLAG_MAGIC;
     bptr->orig_size = unaligned ? ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_ORIG_SIZE(size)
                                 : ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_ORIG_SIZE(size);
     erts_refc_init(&bptr->refc, 0);
     ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(bptr) = destructor;
+    ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_ATYPE(bptr) = alloc_type;
+    erts_make_magic_ref_in_array(ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_REFN(bptr));
     return bptr;
 }
 
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE Binary *
 erts_create_magic_binary(Uint size, int (*destructor)(Binary *))
 {
-    return erts_create_magic_binary_x(size, destructor, 0);
+    return erts_create_magic_binary_x(size, destructor,
+                                      ERTS_ALC_T_BINARY, 0);
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Binary *
+erts_create_magic_indirection(int (*destructor)(Binary *))
+{
+    return erts_create_magic_binary_x(sizeof(ErtsMagicIndirectionWord),
+                                      destructor,
+                                      ERTS_ALC_T_MINDIRECTION,
+                                      1); /* Not 64-bit aligned,
+                                             but word aligned */
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_smp_atomic_t *
+erts_smp_binary_to_magic_indirection(Binary *bp)
+{
+    ErtsMagicIndirectionWord *mip;
+    ASSERT(bp->flags & BIN_FLAG_MAGIC);
+    ASSERT(ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_ATYPE(bp) == ERTS_ALC_T_MINDIRECTION);
+    mip = ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_DATA(bp);
+    return &mip->smp_atomic_word;
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_atomic_t *
+erts_binary_to_magic_indirection(Binary *bp)
+{
+    ErtsMagicIndirectionWord *mip;
+    ASSERT(bp->flags & BIN_FLAG_MAGIC);
+    ASSERT(ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_ATYPE(bp) == ERTS_ALC_T_MINDIRECTION);
+    mip = ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_DATA(bp);
+    return &mip->atomic_word;
 }
 
 #endif /* #if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF */
 
-#endif /* !__ERL_BINARY_H */
+#endif /* !ERL_BINARY_H__ */
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db.c
index fd092015bd..9f077dd407 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db.c
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ static void schedule_free_dbtable(DbTable* tb)
      *  	     Caller is *not* allowed to access the specialized part
      *  	     (hash or tree) of *tb after this function has returned.
      */
-    ASSERT(erts_refc_read(&tb->common.ref, 0) == 0);
+    ASSERT(erts_smp_refc_read(&tb->common.ref, 0) == 0);
     erts_schedule_thr_prgr_later_cleanup_op(free_dbtable,
 					    (void *) tb,
 					    &tb->release.data,
@@ -600,11 +600,11 @@ done:
 */
 static ERTS_INLINE void local_fix_table(DbTable* tb)
 {
-    erts_refc_inc(&tb->common.ref, 1);
+    erts_smp_refc_inc(&tb->common.ref, 1);
 }	    
 static ERTS_INLINE void local_unfix_table(DbTable* tb)
 {	
-    if (erts_refc_dectest(&tb->common.ref, 0) == 0) {
+    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&tb->common.ref, 0) == 0) {
 	ASSERT(IS_HASH_TABLE(tb->common.status));
 	db_unfix_table_hash(&(tb->hash));
     }
@@ -1487,7 +1487,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE ets_new_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
     tb->common.type = status & ERTS_ETS_TABLE_TYPES;
     /* Note, 'type' is *read only* from now on... */
 #endif
-    erts_refc_init(&tb->common.ref, 0);
+    erts_smp_refc_init(&tb->common.ref, 0);
     db_init_lock(tb, status & (DB_FINE_LOCKED|DB_FREQ_READ),
 		 "db_tab", "db_tab_fix");
     tb->common.keypos = keypos;
@@ -2779,7 +2779,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE ets_info_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
 
 BIF_RETTYPE ets_is_compiled_ms_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 {
-    if (erts_db_is_compiled_ms(BIF_ARG_1)) {
+    if (erts_db_get_match_prog_binary(BIF_ARG_1)) {
 	BIF_RET(am_true);
     } else {
 	BIF_RET(am_false);
@@ -2794,9 +2794,9 @@ BIF_RETTYPE ets_match_spec_compile_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
     }
 
-    hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
+    hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
 
-    BIF_RET(erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(BIF_P), mp));
+    BIF_RET(erts_db_make_match_prog_ref(BIF_P, mp, &hp));
 }
 
 BIF_RETTYPE ets_match_spec_run_r_3(BIF_ALIST_3)
@@ -2805,24 +2805,18 @@ BIF_RETTYPE ets_match_spec_run_r_3(BIF_ALIST_3)
     int i = 0;
     Eterm *hp;
     Eterm lst;
-    ProcBin *bp;
     Binary *mp;
     Eterm res;
     Uint32 dummy;
 
-    if (!(is_list(BIF_ARG_1) || BIF_ARG_1 == NIL) || !is_binary(BIF_ARG_2)) {
+    if (!(is_list(BIF_ARG_1) || BIF_ARG_1 == NIL)) {
     error:
 	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
     }
     
-    bp = (ProcBin*) binary_val(BIF_ARG_2);
-    if (thing_subtag(bp->thing_word) != REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG) {
+    mp = erts_db_get_match_prog_binary(BIF_ARG_2);
+    if (!mp)
 	goto error;
-    }
-    mp = bp->val;
-    if (!IsMatchProgBinary(mp)) {
-	goto error;
-    }
 
     if (BIF_ARG_1 == NIL) {
 	BIF_RET(BIF_ARG_3);
@@ -2990,7 +2984,7 @@ void init_db(ErtsDbSpinCount db_spin_count)
     meta_pid_to_tab->common.meth   = &db_hash;
     meta_pid_to_tab->common.compress = 0;
 
-    erts_refc_init(&meta_pid_to_tab->common.ref, 0);
+    erts_smp_refc_init(&meta_pid_to_tab->common.ref, 0);
     /* Neither rwlock or fixlock used
     db_init_lock(meta_pid_to_tab, "meta_pid_to_tab", "meta_pid_to_tab_FIX");*/
 
@@ -3021,7 +3015,7 @@ void init_db(ErtsDbSpinCount db_spin_count)
     meta_pid_to_fixed_tab->common.meth   = &db_hash;
     meta_pid_to_fixed_tab->common.compress = 0;
 
-    erts_refc_init(&meta_pid_to_fixed_tab->common.ref, 0);
+    erts_smp_refc_init(&meta_pid_to_fixed_tab->common.ref, 0);
     /* Neither rwlock or fixlock used
     db_init_lock(meta_pid_to_fixed_tab, "meta_pid_to_fixed_tab", "meta_pid_to_fixed_tab_FIX");*/
 
@@ -3382,7 +3376,7 @@ erts_db_process_exiting(Process *c_p, ErtsProcLocks c_p_locks)
 			    if ((*pp)->pid == pid) {
 				DbFixation* fix = *pp;
 				erts_aint_t diff = -((erts_aint_t) fix->counter);
-				erts_refc_add(&tb->common.ref,diff,0);
+				erts_smp_refc_add(&tb->common.ref,diff,0);
 				*pp = fix->next;
 				erts_db_free(ERTS_ALC_T_DB_FIXATION,
 					     tb, fix, sizeof(DbFixation));
@@ -3458,7 +3452,7 @@ static void fix_table_locked(Process* p, DbTable* tb)
 #ifdef ERTS_SMP
     erts_smp_mtx_lock(&tb->common.fixlock);
 #endif
-    erts_refc_inc(&tb->common.ref,1);
+    erts_smp_refc_inc(&tb->common.ref,1);
     fix = tb->common.fixations;
     if (fix == NULL) {
 	tb->common.time.monotonic
@@ -3514,7 +3508,7 @@ static void unfix_table_locked(Process* p,  DbTable* tb,
     for (pp = &tb->common.fixations; *pp != NULL; pp = &(*pp)->next) {
 	if ((*pp)->pid == p->common.id) {
 	    DbFixation* fix = *pp;
-	    erts_refc_dec(&tb->common.ref,0);
+	    erts_smp_refc_dec(&tb->common.ref,0);
 	    --(fix->counter);
 	    ASSERT(fix->counter >= 0);
 	    if (fix->counter > 0) {
@@ -3563,7 +3557,7 @@ static void free_fixations_locked(DbTable *tb)
     fix = tb->common.fixations;
     while (fix != NULL) {
 	erts_aint_t diff = -((erts_aint_t) fix->counter);
-	erts_refc_add(&tb->common.ref,diff,0);
+	erts_smp_refc_add(&tb->common.ref,diff,0);
 	next_fix = fix->next;
 	db_meta_lock(meta_pid_to_fixed_tab, LCK_WRITE_REC);
 	db_erase_bag_exact2(meta_pid_to_fixed_tab,
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_hash.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_hash.c
index b2a231467b..bb29d56aa7 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_hash.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_hash.c
@@ -1287,15 +1287,13 @@ static int db_select_continue_hash(Process *p,
     if (arityval(*tptr) != 6)
 	RET_TO_BIF(NIL,DB_ERROR_BADPARAM);
     
-    if (!is_small(tptr[2]) || !is_small(tptr[3]) || !is_binary(tptr[4]) || 
+    if (!is_small(tptr[2]) || !is_small(tptr[3]) || 
 	!(is_list(tptr[5]) || tptr[5] == NIL) || !is_small(tptr[6]))
 	RET_TO_BIF(NIL,DB_ERROR_BADPARAM);
     if ((chunk_size = signed_val(tptr[3])) < 0)
 	RET_TO_BIF(NIL,DB_ERROR_BADPARAM);
-    if (!(thing_subtag(*binary_val(tptr[4])) == REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG))
-	RET_TO_BIF(NIL,DB_ERROR_BADPARAM);
-    mp = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(tptr[4]))->val;
-    if (!IsMatchProgBinary(mp))
+    mp = erts_db_get_match_prog_binary(tptr[4]);
+    if (!mp)
 	RET_TO_BIF(NIL,DB_ERROR_BADPARAM);
     all_objects = mp->flags & BIN_FLAG_ALL_OBJECTS;
     match_list = tptr[5];
@@ -1554,8 +1552,8 @@ done:
 					 been in 'user space' */ 
 	}
 	if (rest != NIL || slot_ix >= 0) { /* Need more calls */
-	    hp = HAlloc(p,3+7+PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-	    mpb =db_make_mp_binary(p,(mpi.mp),&hp);
+	    hp = HAlloc(p,3+7+ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+	    mpb = erts_db_make_match_prog_ref(p,(mpi.mp),&hp);
 	    if (mpi.all_objects)
 		(mpi.mp)->flags |= BIN_FLAG_ALL_OBJECTS;
 	    continuation = TUPLE6(hp, tb->common.id,make_small(slot_ix), 
@@ -1580,8 +1578,8 @@ trap:
     BUMP_ALL_REDS(p);
     if (mpi.all_objects)
 	(mpi.mp)->flags |= BIN_FLAG_ALL_OBJECTS;
-    hp = HAlloc(p,7+PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-    mpb =db_make_mp_binary(p,(mpi.mp),&hp);
+    hp = HAlloc(p,7+ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+    mpb = erts_db_make_match_prog_ref(p,(mpi.mp),&hp);
     continuation = TUPLE6(hp, tb->common.id, make_small(slot_ix), 
 			  make_small(chunk_size), 
 			  mpb, match_list, 
@@ -1693,15 +1691,15 @@ done:
 trap:
     BUMP_ALL_REDS(p);
     if (IS_USMALL(0, got)) {
-	hp = HAlloc(p,  PROC_BIN_SIZE + 5);
+	hp = HAlloc(p,  ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE + 5);
 	egot = make_small(got);
     }
     else {
-	hp = HAlloc(p, BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE + PROC_BIN_SIZE + 5);
+	hp = HAlloc(p, BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE + ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE + 5);
 	egot = uint_to_big(got, hp);
 	hp += BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE;
     }
-    mpb = db_make_mp_binary(p,mpi.mp,&hp);
+    mpb = erts_db_make_match_prog_ref(p,mpi.mp,&hp);
     continuation = TUPLE4(hp, tb->common.id, make_small(slot_ix), 
 			  mpb, 
 			  egot);
@@ -1838,15 +1836,15 @@ done:
 trap:
     BUMP_ALL_REDS(p);
     if (IS_USMALL(0, got)) {
-	hp = HAlloc(p,  PROC_BIN_SIZE + 5);
+	hp = HAlloc(p,  ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE + 5);
 	egot = make_small(got);
     }
     else {
-	hp = HAlloc(p, BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE + PROC_BIN_SIZE + 5);
+	hp = HAlloc(p, BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE + ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE + 5);
 	egot = uint_to_big(got, hp);
 	hp += BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE;
     }
-    mpb = db_make_mp_binary(p,mpi.mp,&hp);
+    mpb = erts_db_make_match_prog_ref(p,mpi.mp,&hp);
     continuation = TUPLE4(hp, tb->common.id, make_small(slot_ix), 
 			  mpb, 
 			  egot);
@@ -1887,7 +1885,7 @@ static int db_select_delete_continue_hash(Process *p,
     
     tptr = tuple_val(continuation);
     slot_ix = unsigned_val(tptr[2]);
-    mp = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(tptr[3]))->val;
+    mp = erts_db_get_match_prog_binary_unchecked(tptr[3]);
     if (is_big(tptr[4])) {
 	got = big_to_uint32(tptr[4]);
     } else {
@@ -1999,7 +1997,7 @@ static int db_select_count_continue_hash(Process *p,
     
     tptr = tuple_val(continuation);
     slot_ix = unsigned_val(tptr[2]);
-    mp = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(tptr[3]))->val;
+    mp = erts_db_get_match_prog_binary_unchecked(tptr[3]);
     if (is_big(tptr[4])) {
 	got = big_to_uint32(tptr[4]);
     } else {
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_tree.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_tree.c
index dd9403e132..c4ecd2ba37 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_tree.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_tree.c
@@ -935,17 +935,15 @@ static int db_select_continue_tree(Process *p,
     if (arityval(*tptr) != 8)
 	RET_TO_BIF(NIL,DB_ERROR_BADPARAM);
     
-    if (!is_small(tptr[4]) || !is_binary(tptr[5]) || 
+    if (!is_small(tptr[4]) ||
 	!(is_list(tptr[6]) || tptr[6] == NIL) || !is_small(tptr[7]) ||
 	!is_small(tptr[8]))
 	RET_TO_BIF(NIL,DB_ERROR_BADPARAM);
     
     lastkey = tptr[2];
     end_condition = tptr[3];
-    if (!(thing_subtag(*binary_val(tptr[5])) == REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG))
-	RET_TO_BIF(NIL,DB_ERROR_BADPARAM);
-    mp = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(tptr[5]))->val;
-    if (!IsMatchProgBinary(mp))
+    mp = erts_db_get_match_prog_binary(tptr[5]);
+    if (!mp)
 	RET_TO_BIF(NIL,DB_ERROR_BADPARAM);
     chunk_size = signed_val(tptr[4]);
 
@@ -1145,11 +1143,11 @@ static int db_select_tree(Process *p, DbTable *tbl,
 
     key = GETKEY(tb, sc.lastobj);
     sz = size_object(key);
-    hp = HAlloc(p, 9 + sz + PROC_BIN_SIZE);
+    hp = HAlloc(p, 9 + sz + ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
     key = copy_struct(key, sz, &hp, &MSO(p));
     if (mpi.all_objects)
 	(mpi.mp)->flags |= BIN_FLAG_ALL_OBJECTS;
-    mpb=db_make_mp_binary(p,mpi.mp,&hp);
+    mpb= erts_db_make_match_prog_ref(p,mpi.mp,&hp);
 	    
     continuation = TUPLE8
 	(hp,
@@ -1208,10 +1206,8 @@ static int db_select_count_continue_tree(Process *p,
     
     lastkey = tptr[2];
     end_condition = tptr[3];
-    if (!(thing_subtag(*binary_val(tptr[4])) == REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG))
-	RET_TO_BIF(NIL,DB_ERROR_BADPARAM);
-    mp = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(tptr[4]))->val;
-    if (!IsMatchProgBinary(mp))
+    mp = erts_db_get_match_prog_binary(tptr[4]);
+    if (!mp)
 	RET_TO_BIF(NIL,DB_ERROR_BADPARAM);
 
     sc.p = p;
@@ -1338,18 +1334,18 @@ static int db_select_count_tree(Process *p, DbTable *tbl,
     key = GETKEY(tb, sc.lastobj);
     sz = size_object(key);
     if (IS_USMALL(0, sc.got)) {
-	hp = HAlloc(p, sz + PROC_BIN_SIZE + 6);
+	hp = HAlloc(p, sz + ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE + 6);
 	egot = make_small(sc.got);
     }
     else {
-	hp = HAlloc(p, BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE + sz + PROC_BIN_SIZE + 6);
+	hp = HAlloc(p, BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE + sz + ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE + 6);
 	egot = uint_to_big(sc.got, hp);
 	hp += BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE;
     }
     key = copy_struct(key, sz, &hp, &MSO(p));
     if (mpi.all_objects)
 	(mpi.mp)->flags |= BIN_FLAG_ALL_OBJECTS;
-    mpb = db_make_mp_binary(p,mpi.mp,&hp);
+    mpb = erts_db_make_match_prog_ref(p,mpi.mp,&hp);
 	    
     continuation = TUPLE5
 	(hp,
@@ -1470,11 +1466,11 @@ static int db_select_chunk_tree(Process *p, DbTable *tbl,
 
 	key = GETKEY(tb, sc.lastobj);
 	sz = size_object(key);
-	hp = HAlloc(p, 9 + sz + PROC_BIN_SIZE);
+	hp = HAlloc(p, 9 + sz + ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
 	key = copy_struct(key, sz, &hp, &MSO(p));
 	if (mpi.all_objects)
 	    (mpi.mp)->flags |= BIN_FLAG_ALL_OBJECTS;
-	mpb = db_make_mp_binary(p,mpi.mp,&hp);
+	mpb = erts_db_make_match_prog_ref(p,mpi.mp,&hp);
 	
 	continuation = TUPLE8
 	    (hp,
@@ -1495,12 +1491,12 @@ static int db_select_chunk_tree(Process *p, DbTable *tbl,
 
     key = GETKEY(tb, sc.lastobj);
     sz = size_object(key);
-    hp = HAlloc(p, 9 + sz + PROC_BIN_SIZE);
+    hp = HAlloc(p, 9 + sz + ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
     key = copy_struct(key, sz, &hp, &MSO(p));
 
     if (mpi.all_objects)
 	(mpi.mp)->flags |= BIN_FLAG_ALL_OBJECTS;
-    mpb = db_make_mp_binary(p,mpi.mp,&hp);    
+    mpb = erts_db_make_match_prog_ref(p,mpi.mp,&hp);
     continuation = TUPLE8
 	(hp,
 	 tb->common.id,
@@ -1558,7 +1554,7 @@ static int db_select_delete_continue_tree(Process *p,
     sc.erase_lastterm = 0; /* Before first RET_TO_BIF */
     sc.lastterm = NULL;
 
-    mp = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(tptr[4]))->val;
+    mp = erts_db_get_match_prog_binary_unchecked(tptr[4]);
     sc.p = p;
     sc.tb = tb;
     if (is_big(tptr[5])) {
@@ -1682,16 +1678,16 @@ static int db_select_delete_tree(Process *p, DbTable *tbl,
     key = GETKEY(tb, (sc.lastterm)->dbterm.tpl);
     sz = size_object(key);
     if (IS_USMALL(0, sc.accum)) {
-	hp = HAlloc(p, sz + PROC_BIN_SIZE + 6);
+	hp = HAlloc(p, sz + ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE + 6);
 	eaccsum = make_small(sc.accum);
     }
     else {
-	hp = HAlloc(p, BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE + sz + PROC_BIN_SIZE + 6);
+	hp = HAlloc(p, BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE + sz + ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE + 6);
 	eaccsum = uint_to_big(sc.accum, hp);
 	hp += BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE;
     }
     key = copy_struct(key, sz, &hp, &MSO(p));
-    mpb = db_make_mp_binary(p,mpi.mp,&hp);
+    mpb = erts_db_make_match_prog_ref(p,mpi.mp,&hp);
     
     continuation = TUPLE5
 	(hp,
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_util.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_util.c
index 991d63a18b..6f30b1d3dd 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_util.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_util.c
@@ -2546,14 +2546,6 @@ success:
 }
 
 
-/*
- * Convert a match program to a "magic" binary to return up to erlang
- */
-Eterm db_make_mp_binary(Process *p, Binary *mp, Eterm **hpp)
-{
-    return erts_mk_magic_binary_term(hpp, &MSO(p), mp);
-}
-
 DMCErrInfo *db_new_dmc_err_info(void) 
 {
     DMCErrInfo *ret = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_DB_DMC_ERR_INFO,
@@ -3108,10 +3100,15 @@ void db_cleanup_offheap_comp(DbTerm* obj)
 	    break;
 	case FUN_SUBTAG:
 	    ASSERT(u.pb != &tmp);
-	    if (erts_refc_dectest(&u.fun->fe->refc, 0) == 0) {
+	    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&u.fun->fe->refc, 0) == 0) {
 		erts_erase_fun_entry(u.fun->fe);
 	    }
 	    break;
+	case REF_SUBTAG:
+	    ASSERT(is_magic_ref_thing(u.hdr));
+	    if (erts_refc_dectest(&u.mref->mb->refc, 0) == 0)
+		erts_bin_free((Binary *)u.mref->mb);		    
+	    break;
 	default:
 	    ASSERT(is_external_header(u.hdr->thing_word));
 	    ASSERT(u.pb != &tmp);
@@ -3267,13 +3264,6 @@ int db_has_variable(Eterm node) {
     return 0;
 }
 
-int erts_db_is_compiled_ms(Eterm term)
-{
-    return (is_binary(term)
-	    && (thing_subtag(*binary_val(term)) == REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG)
-	    && IsMatchProgBinary((((ProcBin *) binary_val(term))->val)));
-}
-
 /* 
 ** Local (static) utilities.
 */
@@ -5290,24 +5280,35 @@ void db_match_dis(Binary *bp)
 	case matchEqRef:
 	    ++t;
 	    {
-		RefThing *rt = (RefThing *) t;
+		Uint32 *num;
 		int ri;
-		n = thing_arityval(rt->header);
-		erts_printf("EqRef\t(%d) {", (int) n);
+
+		if (is_ordinary_ref_thing(t)) {
+		    ErtsORefThing *rt = (ErtsORefThing *) t;
+		    num = rt->num;
+		    t += TermWords(ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE);
+		}
+		else {
+		    ErtsMRefThing *mrt = (ErtsMRefThing *) t;
+		    ASSERT(is_magic_ref_thing(t));
+		    num = mrt->mb->refn;
+		    t += TermWords(ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+		}
+
+		erts_printf("EqRef\t(%d) {", (int) ERTS_REF_NUMBERS);
 		first = 1;
-		for (ri = 0; ri < n; ++ri) {
+		for (ri = 0; ri < ERTS_REF_NUMBERS; ++ri) {
 		    if (first)
 			first = 0;
 		    else
 			erts_printf(", ");
 #if defined(ARCH_64)
-		    erts_printf("0x%016bex", rt->data.ui[ri]);
+		    erts_printf("0x%016bex", num[ri]);
 #else
-		    erts_printf("0x%08bex", rt->data.ui[ri]);
+		    erts_printf("0x%08bex", num[ri]);
 #endif
 		}
 	    }
-	    t += TermWords(REF_THING_SIZE);
 	    erts_printf("}\n");
 	    break;
 	case matchEqBig:
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_util.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_util.h
index 3e29fdcbcf..471fefe3cb 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_util.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_util.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 #include "global.h"
 #include "erl_message.h"
+#include "erl_bif_unique.h"
 
 /*#define HARDDEBUG 1*/
 
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ typedef struct db_fixation {
  */
 
 typedef struct db_table_common {
-    erts_refc_t ref;          /* fixation counter */
+    erts_smp_refc_t ref;          /* fixation counter */
 #ifdef ERTS_SMP
     erts_smp_rwmtx_t rwlock;  /* rw lock on table */
     erts_smp_mtx_t fixlock;   /* Protects fixations,megasec,sec,microsec */
@@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ typedef struct db_table_common {
 				  (DB_BAG | DB_SET | DB_DUPLICATE_BAG)))
 #define IS_TREE_TABLE(Status) (!!((Status) & \
 				  DB_ORDERED_SET))
-#define NFIXED(T) (erts_refc_read(&(T)->common.ref,0))
+#define NFIXED(T) (erts_smp_refc_read(&(T)->common.ref,0))
 #define IS_FIXED(T) (NFIXED(T) != 0) 
 
 /*
@@ -456,10 +457,44 @@ Eterm db_format_dmc_err_info(Process *p, DMCErrInfo *ei);
 void db_free_dmc_err_info(DMCErrInfo *ei);
 /* Completely free's an error info structure, including all recorded 
    errors */
-Eterm db_make_mp_binary(Process *p, Binary *mp, Eterm **hpp);
-/* Convert a match program to a erlang "magic" binary to be returned to userspace,
-   increments the reference counter. */
-int erts_db_is_compiled_ms(Eterm term);
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm erts_db_make_match_prog_ref(Process *p, Binary *mp, Eterm **hpp);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Binary *erts_db_get_match_prog_binary(Eterm term);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Binary *erts_db_get_match_prog_binary_unchecked(Eterm term);
+
+#if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF
+
+/*
+ * Convert a match program to a "magic" ref to return up to erlang
+ */
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm erts_db_make_match_prog_ref(Process *p, Binary *mp, Eterm **hpp)
+{
+    return erts_mk_magic_ref(hpp, &MSO(p), mp);
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Binary *
+erts_db_get_match_prog_binary_unchecked(Eterm term)
+{
+    Binary *bp = erts_magic_ref2bin(term);
+    ASSERT(bp->flags & BIN_FLAG_MAGIC);
+    ASSERT((ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(bp) == erts_db_match_prog_destructor));
+    return bp;
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE Binary *
+erts_db_get_match_prog_binary(Eterm term)
+{
+    Binary *bp;
+    if (!is_internal_magic_ref(term))
+	return NULL;
+    bp = erts_magic_ref2bin(term);
+    ASSERT(bp->flags & BIN_FLAG_MAGIC);
+    if (ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(bp) != erts_db_match_prog_destructor)
+	return NULL;
+    return bp;
+}
+
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** Convenience when compiling into Binary structures
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_debug.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_debug.c
index 3526bb684d..517dad9cbb 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_debug.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_debug.c
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ pdisplay1(fmtfn_t to, void *to_arg, Process* p, Eterm obj)
 	Uint32 *ref_num;
 	erts_print(to, to_arg, "#Ref<%lu", ref_channel_no(obj));
 	ref_num = ref_numbers(obj);
-	for (i = ref_no_of_numbers(obj)-1; i >= 0; i--)
+	for (i = ref_no_numbers(obj)-1; i >= 0; i--)
 	    erts_print(to, to_arg, ",%lu", ref_num[i]);
 	erts_print(to, to_arg, ">");
 	break;
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_fun.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_fun.c
index 41097203d4..cedc0517e1 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_fun.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_fun.c
@@ -113,9 +113,9 @@ erts_put_fun_entry(Eterm mod, int uniq, int index)
     fe = (ErlFunEntry *) hash_put(&erts_fun_table, (void*) &template);
     sys_memset(fe->uniq, 0, sizeof(fe->uniq));
     fe->index = 0;
-    refc = erts_refc_inctest(&fe->refc, 0);
+    refc = erts_smp_refc_inctest(&fe->refc, 0);
     if (refc < 2) /* New or pending delete */
-	erts_refc_inc(&fe->refc, 1);
+	erts_smp_refc_inc(&fe->refc, 1);
     erts_fun_write_unlock();
     return fe;
 }
@@ -137,9 +137,9 @@ erts_put_fun_entry2(Eterm mod, int old_uniq, int old_index,
     sys_memcpy(fe->uniq, uniq, sizeof(fe->uniq));
     fe->index = index;
     fe->arity = arity;
-    refc = erts_refc_inctest(&fe->refc, 0);
+    refc = erts_smp_refc_inctest(&fe->refc, 0);
     if (refc < 2) /* New or pending delete */
-	erts_refc_inc(&fe->refc, 1);
+	erts_smp_refc_inc(&fe->refc, 1);
     erts_fun_write_unlock();
     return fe;
 }
@@ -164,9 +164,9 @@ erts_get_fun_entry(Eterm mod, int uniq, int index)
     erts_fun_read_lock();
     ret = (ErlFunEntry *) hash_get(&erts_fun_table, (void*) &template);
     if (ret) {
-	erts_aint_t refc = erts_refc_inctest(&ret->refc, 1);
+	erts_aint_t refc = erts_smp_refc_inctest(&ret->refc, 1);
 	if (refc < 2) /* Pending delete */
-	    erts_refc_inc(&ret->refc, 1);
+	    erts_smp_refc_inc(&ret->refc, 1);
     }
     erts_fun_read_unlock();
     return ret;
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ erts_erase_fun_entry(ErlFunEntry* fe)
      * We have to check refc again since someone might have looked up
      * the fun entry and incremented refc after last check.
      */
-    if (erts_refc_dectest(&fe->refc, -1) <= 0)
+    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&fe->refc, -1) <= 0)
 #endif
     {
 	if (fe->address != unloaded_fun)
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ erts_fun_purge_complete(ErlFunEntry **funs, Uint no)
 #ifdef HIPE
         fe->pend_purge_native_address = NULL;
 #endif
-	if (erts_refc_dectest(&fe->refc, 0) == 0)
+	if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&fe->refc, 0) == 0)
 	    erts_erase_fun_entry(fe);
     }
     ERTS_SMP_WRITE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ erts_dump_fun_entries(fmtfn_t to, void *to_arg)
 #ifdef HIPE
 	    erts_print(to, to_arg, "Native_address: %p\n", fe->native_address);
 #endif
-	    erts_print(to, to_arg, "Refc: %ld\n", erts_refc_read(&fe->refc, 1));
+	    erts_print(to, to_arg, "Refc: %ld\n", erts_smp_refc_read(&fe->refc, 1));
 	    b = b->next;
 	}
     }
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ fun_alloc(ErlFunEntry* template)
     obj->old_uniq = template->old_uniq;
     obj->old_index = template->old_index;
     obj->module = template->module;
-    erts_refc_init(&obj->refc, -1);
+    erts_smp_refc_init(&obj->refc, -1);
     obj->address = unloaded_fun;
     obj->pend_purge_address = NULL;
 #ifdef HIPE
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_fun.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_fun.h
index 83899f24a6..e3073eb874 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_fun.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_fun.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ typedef struct erl_fun_entry {
 
     Uint arity;			/* The arity of the fun. */
     Eterm module;		/* Tagged atom for module. */
-    erts_refc_t refc;		/* Reference count: One for code + one for each
+    erts_smp_refc_t refc;		/* Reference count: One for code + one for each
 				   fun object in each process. */
     BeamInstr *pend_purge_address; /* address stored during a pending purge */
 #ifdef HIPE
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_gc.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_gc.c
index 6815d76776..8cc7fc0142 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_gc.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_gc.c
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ Uint erts_test_long_gc_sleep; /* Only used for testing... */
 typedef struct {
     Process *proc;
     Eterm ref;
-    Eterm ref_heap[REF_THING_SIZE];
+    Eterm ref_heap[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];
     Uint req_sched;
     erts_smp_atomic32_t refc;
 } ErtsGCInfoReq;
@@ -2354,6 +2354,9 @@ copy_one_frag(Eterm** hpp, ErlOffHeap* off_heap,
 	    switch (val & _HEADER_SUBTAG_MASK) {
 	    case ARITYVAL_SUBTAG:
 		break;
+	    case REF_SUBTAG:
+		if (is_ordinary_ref_thing(fhp - 1))
+		    goto the_default;
 	    case REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG:
 	    case FUN_SUBTAG:
 	    case EXTERNAL_PID_SUBTAG:
@@ -2363,6 +2366,7 @@ copy_one_frag(Eterm** hpp, ErlOffHeap* off_heap,
 		cpy_sz = thing_arityval(val);
 		goto cpy_words;
 	    default:
+	    the_default:
 		cpy_sz = header_arity(val);
 
 	    cpy_words:
@@ -2796,6 +2800,16 @@ link_live_proc_bin(struct shrink_cand_data *shrink,
     *prevppp = &pbp->next;
 }
 
+#ifdef ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER
+/*
+ * ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER only defined when there
+ * is a size difference between magic and ordinary references...
+ */
+# define ERTS_USED_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER__ ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER
+#else
+# define ERTS_USED_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER__ ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER
+#endif
+
 
 static void
 sweep_off_heap(Process *p, int fullsweep)
@@ -2820,7 +2834,7 @@ sweep_off_heap(Process *p, int fullsweep)
     prev = &MSO(p).first;
     ptr = MSO(p).first;
 
-    /* Firts part of the list will reside on the (old) new-heap.
+    /* First part of the list will reside on the (old) new-heap.
      * Keep if moved, otherwise deref.
      */
     while (ptr) {
@@ -2828,7 +2842,8 @@ sweep_off_heap(Process *p, int fullsweep)
 	    ASSERT(!ErtsInArea(ptr, oheap, oheap_sz));
 	    *prev = ptr = (struct erl_off_heap_header*) boxed_val(ptr->thing_word);
 	    ASSERT(!IS_MOVED_BOXED(ptr->thing_word));
-	    if (ptr->thing_word == HEADER_PROC_BIN) {
+	    switch (ptr->thing_word) {
+	    case HEADER_PROC_BIN: {
 		int to_new_heap = !ErtsInArea(ptr, oheap, oheap_sz);
 		ASSERT(to_new_heap == !seen_mature || (!to_new_heap && (seen_mature=1)));
 		if (to_new_heap) {
@@ -2837,13 +2852,28 @@ sweep_off_heap(Process *p, int fullsweep)
 		    BIN_OLD_VHEAP(p) += ptr->size / sizeof(Eterm); /* for binary gc (words)*/
 		}		
 		link_live_proc_bin(&shrink, &prev, &ptr, to_new_heap);
-	    }
-	    else {
+                break;
+            }
+            case ERTS_USED_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER__: {
+                Uint size;
+		int to_new_heap = !ErtsInArea(ptr, oheap, oheap_sz);
+                ASSERT(is_magic_ref_thing(ptr));
+		ASSERT(to_new_heap == !seen_mature || (!to_new_heap && (seen_mature=1)));
+                size = (Uint) ((ErtsMRefThing *) ptr)->mb->orig_size;
+		if (to_new_heap)
+		    bin_vheap += size / sizeof(Eterm);
+                else
+		    BIN_OLD_VHEAP(p) += size / sizeof(Eterm); /* for binary gc (words)*/
+                /* fall through... */
+            }
+            default:
 		prev = &ptr->next;
 		ptr = ptr->next;
 	    }
 	}
-	else if (!ErtsInArea(ptr, oheap, oheap_sz)) {
+	else if (ErtsInArea(ptr, oheap, oheap_sz))
+            break; /* and let old-heap loop continue */
+        else {
 	    /* garbage */
 	    switch (thing_subtag(ptr->thing_word)) {
 	    case REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG:
@@ -2857,18 +2887,26 @@ sweep_off_heap(Process *p, int fullsweep)
 	    case FUN_SUBTAG:
 		{
 		    ErlFunEntry* fe = ((ErlFunThing*)ptr)->fe;
-		    if (erts_refc_dectest(&fe->refc, 0) == 0) {
+		    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&fe->refc, 0) == 0) {
 			erts_erase_fun_entry(fe);
 		    }
 		    break;
 		}
+	    case REF_SUBTAG:
+		{
+		    ErtsMagicBinary *bptr;
+		    ASSERT(is_magic_ref_thing(ptr));
+		    bptr = ((ErtsMRefThing *) ptr)->mb;
+		    if (erts_refc_dectest(&bptr->refc, 0) == 0)
+			erts_bin_free((Binary *) bptr);		    
+		    break;
+		}
 	    default:
 		ASSERT(is_external_header(ptr->thing_word));
 		erts_deref_node_entry(((ExternalThing*)ptr)->node);
 	    }
 	    *prev = ptr = ptr->next;
 	}
-	else break; /* and let old-heap loop continue */
     }
 
     /* The rest of the list resides on old-heap, and we just did a
@@ -2877,15 +2915,24 @@ sweep_off_heap(Process *p, int fullsweep)
     while (ptr) {
 	ASSERT(ErtsInArea(ptr, oheap, oheap_sz));
 	ASSERT(!IS_MOVED_BOXED(ptr->thing_word));       
-	if (ptr->thing_word == HEADER_PROC_BIN) {
+        switch (ptr->thing_word) {
+        case HEADER_PROC_BIN:
 	    BIN_OLD_VHEAP(p) += ptr->size / sizeof(Eterm); /* for binary gc (words)*/
 	    link_live_proc_bin(&shrink, &prev, &ptr, 0);
-	}
-	else {
-	    ASSERT(is_fun_header(ptr->thing_word) ||
-		   is_external_header(ptr->thing_word));
-	    prev = &ptr->next;
-	    ptr = ptr->next;
+            break;
+        case ERTS_USED_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER__:
+            ASSERT(is_magic_ref_thing(ptr));
+            BIN_OLD_VHEAP(p) +=
+                (((Uint) ((ErtsMRefThing *) ptr)->mb->orig_size)
+                 / sizeof(Eterm)); /* for binary gc (words)*/
+            /* fall through... */
+        default:
+            ASSERT(is_fun_header(ptr->thing_word) ||
+                   is_external_header(ptr->thing_word)
+                   || is_magic_ref_thing(ptr));
+            prev = &ptr->next;
+            ptr = ptr->next;
+            break;
 	}
     }
 
@@ -2978,6 +3025,9 @@ offset_heap(Eterm* hp, Uint sz, Sint offs, char* area, Uint area_size)
 	      }
 	      tari = thing_arityval(val);
 	      switch (thing_subtag(val)) {
+	      case REF_SUBTAG:
+		  if (is_ordinary_ref_thing(hp))
+		      break;
 	      case REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG:
 	      case FUN_SUBTAG:
 	      case EXTERNAL_PID_SUBTAG:
@@ -3175,7 +3225,7 @@ reply_gc_info(void *vgcirp)
 	if (hpp)
 	    ref_copy = STORE_NC(hpp, ohp, gcirp->ref);
 	else
-	    *szp += REF_THING_SIZE;
+	    *szp += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
 
 	msg = erts_bld_tuple(hpp, szp, 3,
 			     make_small(esdp->no),
@@ -3439,8 +3489,8 @@ erts_max_heap_size(Eterm arg, Uint *max_heap_size, Uint *max_heap_flags)
 
 #if defined(DEBUG) || defined(ERTS_OFFHEAP_DEBUG)
 
-static int
-within2(Eterm *ptr, Process *p, Eterm *real_htop)
+int
+erts_dbg_within_proc(Eterm *ptr, Process *p, Eterm *real_htop)
 {
     ErlHeapFragment* bp;
     ErtsMessage* mp;
@@ -3486,12 +3536,6 @@ within2(Eterm *ptr, Process *p, Eterm *real_htop)
     return 0;
 }
 
-int
-within(Eterm *ptr, Process *p)
-{
-    return within2(ptr, p, NULL);
-}
-
 #endif
 
 #ifdef ERTS_OFFHEAP_DEBUG
@@ -3525,12 +3569,16 @@ erts_check_off_heap2(Process *p, Eterm *htop)
 	    refc = erts_refc_read(&u.pb->val->refc, 1);		
 	    break;
 	case FUN_SUBTAG:
-	    refc = erts_refc_read(&u.fun->fe->refc, 1);
+	    refc = erts_smp_refc_read(&u.fun->fe->refc, 1);
 	    break;
 	case EXTERNAL_PID_SUBTAG:
 	case EXTERNAL_PORT_SUBTAG:
 	case EXTERNAL_REF_SUBTAG:
-	    refc = erts_refc_read(&u.ext->node->refc, 1);
+	    refc = erts_smp_refc_read(&u.ext->node->refc, 1);
+	    break;
+	case REF_SUBTAG:
+	    ASSERT(is_magic_ref_thing(u.hdr));
+	    refc = erts_refc_read(&u.mref->mb->refc, 1);
 	    break;
 	default:
 	    ASSERT(!"erts_check_off_heap2: Invalid thing_word");
@@ -3546,7 +3594,7 @@ erts_check_off_heap2(Process *p, Eterm *htop)
 	else if (oheap <= u.ep && u.ep < ohtop)
 	    old = 1;
 	else {
-	    ERTS_CHK_OFFHEAP_ASSERT(within2(u.ep, p, htop));
+	    ERTS_CHK_OFFHEAP_ASSERT(erts_dbg_within_proc(u.ep, p, htop));
 	}
     }
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_gc.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_gc.h
index f4cbe732ce..1cce426d21 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_gc.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_gc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,6 @@ do {                                                                    \
     while (nelts--) *HTOP++ = *PTR++;                                   \
 } while(0)
 
-#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(ERTS_OFFHEAP_DEBUG)
-int within(Eterm *ptr, Process *p);
-#endif
-
 #define ErtsInYoungGen(TPtr, Ptr, OldHeap, OldHeapSz)			\
     (!erts_is_literal((TPtr), (Ptr))					\
      & !ErtsInArea((Ptr), (OldHeap), (OldHeapSz)))
@@ -157,5 +153,8 @@ void erts_free_heap_frags(struct process* p);
 Eterm erts_max_heap_size_map(Sint, Uint, Eterm **, Uint *);
 int erts_max_heap_size(Eterm, Uint *, Uint *);
 void erts_deallocate_young_generation(Process *c_p);
+#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(ERTS_OFFHEAP_DEBUG)
+int erts_dbg_within_proc(Eterm *ptr, Process *p, Eterm* real_htop);
+#endif
 
 #endif /* __ERL_GC_H__ */
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_hl_timer.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_hl_timer.c
index 647fa26811..26be8c7edf 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_hl_timer.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_hl_timer.c
@@ -1771,7 +1771,7 @@ setup_bif_timer(Process *c_p, ErtsMonotonicTime timeout_pos,
 
     esdp = erts_proc_sched_data(c_p);
 
-    hp = HAlloc(c_p, REF_THING_SIZE);
+    hp = HAlloc(c_p, ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE);
     ref = erts_sched_make_ref_in_buffer(esdp, hp);
 
     ASSERT(erts_get_ref_numbers_thr_id(
@@ -1939,7 +1939,7 @@ access_sched_local_btm(Process *c_p, Eterm pid,
 	Eterm *hp_end;
 #endif
 
-	hsz = REF_THING_SIZE;
+	hsz = ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
 	if (async) {
 	    refn = trefn; /* timer ref */
 	    hsz += 4; /* 3-tuple */
@@ -1973,7 +1973,7 @@ access_sched_local_btm(Process *c_p, Eterm pid,
 			refn[1],
 			refn[2]);
 	ref = make_internal_ref(hp);
-	hp += REF_THING_SIZE;
+	hp += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
 
 	msg = (async
 	       ? TUPLE3(hp, (cancel
@@ -2087,7 +2087,7 @@ try_access_sched_remote_btm(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp,
 	ErtsProcLocks proc_locks = ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MAIN;
 	ErlOffHeap *ohp;
 
-	hsz = 4 + REF_THING_SIZE;
+	hsz = 4 + ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
 	if (time_left > (Sint64) MAX_SMALL)
 	    hsz += ERTS_SINT64_HEAP_SIZE(time_left);
 
@@ -2103,7 +2103,7 @@ try_access_sched_remote_btm(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp,
 			trefn[1],
 			trefn[2]);
 	tref = make_internal_ref(hp);
-	hp += REF_THING_SIZE;
+	hp += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
 
 	if (time_left < 0)
 	    res = am_false;
@@ -2189,7 +2189,7 @@ access_bif_timer(Process *c_p, Eterm tref, int cancel, int async, int info)
 	    Eterm *hp, rref;
 	    Uint32 *rrefn;
 
-	    hp = HAlloc(c_p, REF_THING_SIZE);
+	    hp = HAlloc(c_p, ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE);
 	    rref = erts_sched_make_ref_in_buffer(esdp, hp);
 	    rrefn = internal_ref_numbers(rref);
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_init.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_init.c
index c5904b375e..b2c307e826 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_init.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_init.c
@@ -111,12 +111,19 @@ const int etp_lock_check = 1;
 #else
 const int etp_lock_check = 0;
 #endif
-#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
-const int etp_big_endian = 1;
+const int etp_endianness = ERTS_ENDIANNESS;
+const Eterm etp_ref_header = ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER;
+#ifdef ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER
+const Eterm etp_magic_ref_header = ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER;
 #else
-const int etp_big_endian = 0;
+const Eterm etp_magic_ref_header = ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER;
 #endif
 const Eterm etp_the_non_value = THE_NON_VALUE;
+#ifdef ERTS_HOLE_MARKER
+const Eterm etp_hole_marker = ERTS_HOLE_MARKER;
+#else
+const Eterm etp_hole_marker = 0;
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Note about VxWorks: All variables must be initialized by executable code,
@@ -767,6 +774,8 @@ early_init(int *argc, char **argv) /*
     H_MAX_SIZE = H_DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE;
     H_MAX_FLAGS = MAX_HEAP_SIZE_KILL|MAX_HEAP_SIZE_LOG;
 
+    erts_term_init();
+
     erts_initialized = 0;
 
     erts_use_sender_punish = 1;
@@ -1138,6 +1147,8 @@ early_init(int *argc, char **argv) /*
     no_schedulers_online = schdlrs_onln;
 
     erts_no_schedulers = (Uint) no_schedulers;
+#else
+    erts_no_schedulers = 1;
 #endif
 #ifdef ERTS_DIRTY_SCHEDULERS
     erts_no_dirty_cpu_schedulers = no_dirty_cpu_schedulers = dirty_cpu_scheds;
@@ -2220,7 +2231,6 @@ erl_start(int argc, char **argv)
 	init_break_handler();
     if (replace_intr)
 	erts_replace_intr();
-    sys_init_suspend_handler();
 #endif
 
     boot_argc = argc - i;  /* Number of arguments to init */
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_lock_check.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_lock_check.c
index 0798faf53a..6ff9aea5ab 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_lock_check.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_lock_check.c
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ static erts_lc_lock_order_t erts_lock_order[] = {
     {	"tracer_mtx", 				NULL			},
     {   "port_table",                           NULL                    },
 #endif
+    {	"magic_ref_table",			"address"		},
     {	"mtrace_op",				NULL			},
     {	"instr_x",				NULL			},
     {	"instr",				NULL			},
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_lock_count.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_lock_count.h
index 4f838f7faa..71cd73ee27 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_lock_count.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_lock_count.h
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ typedef struct {
 
 typedef struct erts_lcnt_lock_stats_s {
     /* "tries" and "colls" needs to be atomic since
-     * trylock busy does not aquire a lock and there
+     * trylock busy does not acquire a lock and there
      * is no post action to rectify the situation
      */
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_map.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_map.c
index 3015158b24..9062e44b10 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_map.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_map.c
@@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ static int hashmap_merge_ctx_destructor(Binary* ctx_bin)
 }
 
 BIF_RETTYPE maps_merge_trap_1(BIF_ALIST_1) {
-    Binary* ctx_bin = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(BIF_ARG_1))->val;
+    Binary* ctx_bin = erts_magic_ref2bin(BIF_ARG_1);
 
     ASSERT(ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(ctx_bin) == hashmap_merge_ctx_destructor);
 
@@ -1454,9 +1454,9 @@ trap:  /* Yield */
                                                  hashmap_merge_ctx_destructor);
         ctx = ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DATA(ctx_b);
         sys_memcpy(ctx, &local_ctx, sizeof(HashmapMergeContext));
-        hp = HAlloc(p, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
+        hp = HAlloc(p, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
         ASSERT(ctx->trap_bin == THE_NON_VALUE);
-        ctx->trap_bin = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(p), ctx_b);
+        ctx->trap_bin = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(p), ctx_b);
 
         erts_set_gc_state(p, 0);
     }
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_message.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_message.c
index 792b69bb37..f181c1e3cb 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_message.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_message.c
@@ -172,10 +172,15 @@ erts_cleanup_offheap(ErlOffHeap *offheap)
 	    }
 	    break;
 	case FUN_SUBTAG:
-	    if (erts_refc_dectest(&u.fun->fe->refc, 0) == 0) {
+	    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&u.fun->fe->refc, 0) == 0) {
 		erts_erase_fun_entry(u.fun->fe);		    
 	    }
 	    break;
+	case REF_SUBTAG:
+	    ASSERT(is_magic_ref_thing(u.hdr));
+	    if (erts_refc_dectest(&u.mref->mb->refc, 0) == 0)
+		erts_bin_free((Binary *)u.mref->mb);		    
+	    break;
 	default:
 	    ASSERT(is_external_header(u.hdr->thing_word));
 	    erts_deref_node_entry(u.ext->node);
@@ -285,9 +290,11 @@ erts_queue_dist_message(Process *rcvr,
     if (!(rcvr_locks & ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MSGQ)) {
 	if (erts_smp_proc_trylock(rcvr, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MSGQ) == EBUSY) {
 	    ErtsProcLocks need_locks = ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MSGQ;
-	    if (rcvr_locks & ERTS_PROC_LOCK_STATUS) {
-		erts_smp_proc_unlock(rcvr, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_STATUS);
-		need_locks |= ERTS_PROC_LOCK_STATUS;
+            ErtsProcLocks unlocks =
+                rcvr_locks & ERTS_PROC_LOCKS_HIGHER_THAN(ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MSGQ);
+	    if (unlocks) {
+		erts_smp_proc_unlock(rcvr, unlocks);
+		need_locks |= unlocks;
 	    }
 	    erts_smp_proc_lock(rcvr, need_locks);
 	}
@@ -406,7 +413,7 @@ queue_messages(Process* receiver,
 	    if (state & (ERTS_PSFLG_EXITING|ERTS_PSFLG_PENDING_EXIT))
 		goto exiting;
 
-            need_locks = receiver_locks & (ERTS_PROC_LOCK_STATUS|ERTS_PROC_LOCK_TRACE);
+            need_locks = receiver_locks & ERTS_PROC_LOCKS_HIGHER_THAN(ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MSGQ);
 	    if (need_locks) {
 		erts_smp_proc_unlock(receiver, need_locks);
 	    }
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_monitors.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_monitors.c
index e5be66be79..6dee1d5ef3 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_monitors.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_monitors.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
  * key in the monitor case and the pid of the linked process as key in the 
  * link case. Lookups the order of the references is somewhat special. Local 
  * references are strictly smaller than remote references and are sorted 
- * by inlined comparision functionality. Remote references are handled by the
+ * by inlined comparison functionality. Remote references are handled by the
  * usual cmp function.
  * Each Monitor is tagged with different tags depending on which end of the 
  * monitor it is.
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #include "bif.h"
 #include "big.h"
 #include "erl_monitors.h"
+#include "erl_bif_unique.h"
 
 #define STACK_NEED 50
 #define MAX_MONITORS 0xFFFFFFFFUL
@@ -79,7 +80,24 @@ static ERTS_INLINE int cmp_mon_ref(Eterm ref1, Eterm ref2)
     b2 = boxed_val(ref2);
     if (is_ref_thing_header(*b1)) {
 	if (is_ref_thing_header(*b2)) {
-	    return memcmp(b1+1,b2+1,ERTS_REF_WORDS*sizeof(Uint));
+	    Uint32 *num1, *num2;
+	    if (is_ordinary_ref_thing(b1)) {
+		ErtsORefThing *rtp = (ErtsORefThing *) b1;
+		num1 = rtp->num;
+	    }
+	    else {
+		ErtsMRefThing *mrtp = (ErtsMRefThing *) b1;
+		num1 = mrtp->mb->refn;
+	    }
+	    if (is_ordinary_ref_thing(b2)) {
+		ErtsORefThing *rtp = (ErtsORefThing *) b2;
+		num2 = rtp->num;
+	    }
+	    else {
+		ErtsMRefThing *mrtp = (ErtsMRefThing *) b2;
+		num2 = mrtp->mb->refn;
+	    }
+	    return erts_internal_ref_number_cmp(num1, num2);
 	}
 	return -1;
     }
@@ -97,14 +115,15 @@ do {								\
 	Uint i__;						\
 	Uint len__;						\
 	ASSERT((Hp));						\
-	ASSERT(is_internal_ref((From)) || is_external((From)));	\
+	ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref((From))                 \
+               || is_external((From)));                         \
 	(To) = make_boxed((Hp));				\
 	len__ = thing_arityval(*boxed_val((From))) + 1;		\
 	for(i__ = 0; i__ < len__; i__++)			\
 	    (*((Hp)++)) = boxed_val((From))[i__];		\
 	if (is_external((To))) {				\
 	    external_thing_ptr((To))->next = NULL;		\
-	    erts_refc_inc(&(external_thing_ptr((To))->node->refc), 2);\
+	    erts_smp_refc_inc(&(external_thing_ptr((To))->node->refc), 2);\
 	}							\
     }								\
 } while (0)
@@ -135,7 +154,7 @@ static ErtsMonitor *create_monitor(Uint type, Eterm ref, UWord entity, Eterm nam
      n->type = (Uint16) type;
      n->balance = 0;            /* Always the same initial value */
      n->name = name; /* atom() or [] */
-     CP_LINK_VAL(n->ref, hp, ref); /*XXX Unneccesary check, never immediate*/
+     CP_LINK_VAL(n->ref, hp, ref); /*XXX Unnecessary check, never immediate*/
      if (type == MON_NIF_TARGET)
          n->u.resource = (ErtsResource*)entity;
      else
@@ -342,6 +361,8 @@ void erts_add_monitor(ErtsMonitor **root, Uint type, Eterm ref, UWord entity,
     int state = 0;
     ErtsMonitor **this = root;
     Sint c;
+
+    ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref) || is_external_ref(ref));
   
     dstack[0] = DIR_END;
     for (;;) {
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_monitors.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_monitors.h
index f90ac930e5..f659829e6c 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_monitors.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_monitors.h
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
 
 /* Size of a monitor without heap, in words (fixalloc) */
 #define ERTS_MONITOR_SIZE ((sizeof(ErtsMonitor) - sizeof(Uint))/sizeof(Uint))
-#define ERTS_MONITOR_SH_SIZE (ERTS_MONITOR_SIZE + REF_THING_SIZE)
+#define ERTS_MONITOR_SH_SIZE (ERTS_MONITOR_SIZE + ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE)
 #define ERTS_LINK_SIZE ((sizeof(ErtsLink) - sizeof(Uint))/sizeof(Uint))
 #define ERTS_LINK_SH_SIZE ERTS_LINK_SIZE /* Size of fix-alloced links */
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_msacc.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_msacc.c
index 66bb55e6c8..1c3160efaf 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_msacc.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_msacc.c
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ static Uint msacc_unmanaged_count = 0;
 #endif
 
 #if ERTS_MSACC_STATE_COUNT < MAP_SMALL_MAP_LIMIT
-#define DEFAULT_MSACC_MSG_SIZE (3 + 1 + ERTS_MSACC_STATE_COUNT * 2 + 3 + REF_THING_SIZE)
+#define DEFAULT_MSACC_MSG_SIZE (3 + 1 + ERTS_MSACC_STATE_COUNT * 2 + 3 + ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE)
 #else
-#define DEFAULT_MSACC_MSG_SIZE (3 + ERTS_MSACC_STATE_COUNT * 3 + 3 + REF_THING_SIZE)
+#define DEFAULT_MSACC_MSG_SIZE (3 + ERTS_MSACC_STATE_COUNT * 3 + 3 + ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE)
 #endif
 
 /* we have to split initiation as atoms are not inited in early init */
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ typedef struct {
     int action;
     Process *proc;
     Eterm ref;
-    Eterm ref_heap[REF_THING_SIZE];
+    Eterm ref_heap[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];
     Uint req_sched;
     erts_smp_atomic32_t refc;
 } ErtsMSAccReq;
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ static void send_reply(ErtsMsAcc *msacc, ErtsMSAccReq *msaccrp) {
 
         if (msacc->unmanaged) erts_mtx_lock(&msacc->mtx);
 
-        hp = erts_produce_heap(&factory, REF_THING_SIZE + 3 /* tuple */, 0);
+        hp = erts_produce_heap(&factory, ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE + 3 /* tuple */, 0);
         ref_copy = STORE_NC(&hp, &msgp->hfrag.off_heap, msaccrp->ref);
         msg = erts_msacc_gather_stats(msacc, &factory);
         msg = TUPLE2(hp, ref_copy, msg);
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ static void send_reply(ErtsMsAcc *msacc, ErtsMSAccReq *msaccrp) {
         erts_factory_close(&factory);
     } else {
         ErlOffHeap *ohp = NULL;
-        msgp = erts_alloc_message_heap(rp, &rp_locks, REF_THING_SIZE, &hp, &ohp);
+        msgp = erts_alloc_message_heap(rp, &rp_locks, ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE, &hp, &ohp);
         msg = STORE_NC(&hp, &msgp->hfrag.off_heap, msaccrp->ref);
     }
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_nif.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_nif.c
index cd6fbf276b..7e7b78ec14 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_nif.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_nif.c
@@ -95,6 +95,14 @@ static void add_readonly_check(ErlNifEnv*, unsigned char* ptr, unsigned sz);
 #  define ADD_READONLY_CHECK(ENV,PTR,SIZE) ((void)0)
 #endif
 
+#ifdef ERTS_NIF_ASSERT_IN_ENV
+#  define ASSERT_IN_ENV(ENV, TERM, NR, TYPE) dbg_assert_in_env(ENV, TERM, NR, TYPE, __func__)
+static void dbg_assert_in_env(ErlNifEnv*, Eterm term, int nr, const char* type, const char* func);
+#  include "erl_gc.h"
+#else
+#  define ASSERT_IN_ENV(ENV, TERM, NR, TYPE)
+#endif
+
 #ifdef DEBUG
 static int is_offheap(const ErlOffHeap* off_heap);
 #endif
@@ -202,6 +210,9 @@ void erts_pre_nif(ErlNifEnv* env, Process* p, struct erl_module_nif* mod_nif,
 
     ASSERT(p->common.id != ERTS_INVALID_PID);
 
+#ifdef ERTS_NIF_ASSERT_IN_ENV
+    env->dbg_disable_assert_in_env = 0;
+#endif
 #if defined(DEBUG) && defined(ERTS_DIRTY_SCHEDULERS)
     {
 	ErtsSchedulerData *esdp = erts_get_scheduler_data();
@@ -487,11 +498,15 @@ setup_nif_env(struct enif_msg_environment_t* msg_env,
     HEAP_END(&msg_env->phony_proc) = phony_heap;
     MBUF(&msg_env->phony_proc) = NULL;
     msg_env->phony_proc.common.id = ERTS_INVALID_PID;
+    msg_env->env.tracee = tracee;
+
 #ifdef FORCE_HEAP_FRAGS
     msg_env->phony_proc.space_verified = 0;
     msg_env->phony_proc.space_verified_from = NULL;
 #endif
-    msg_env->env.tracee = tracee;
+#ifdef ERTS_NIF_ASSERT_IN_ENV
+    msg_env->env.dbg_disable_assert_in_env = 0;
+#endif
 }
 
 ErlNifEnv* enif_alloc_env(void)
@@ -708,7 +723,7 @@ int enif_send(ErlNifEnv* env, const ErlNifPid* to_pid,
         Uint sz;
         INITIALIZE_LITERAL_PURGE_AREA(litarea);
         sz = size_object_litopt(msg, &litarea);
-	if (env && !env->tracee) {
+	if (c_p && !env->tracee) {
 	    full_flush_env(env);
 	    mp = erts_alloc_message_heap(rp, &rp_locks, sz, &hp, &ohp);
 	    full_cache_env(env);
@@ -1592,6 +1607,9 @@ int enif_make_existing_atom_len(ErlNifEnv* env, const char* name, size_t len,
 
 ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple(ErlNifEnv* env, unsigned cnt, ...)
 {
+#ifdef ERTS_NIF_ASSERT_IN_ENV
+    int nr = 0;
+#endif
     Eterm* hp = alloc_heap(env,cnt+1);
     Eterm ret = make_tuple(hp);
     va_list ap;
@@ -1599,7 +1617,9 @@ ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple(ErlNifEnv* env, unsigned cnt, ...)
     *hp++ = make_arityval(cnt);
     va_start(ap,cnt);
     while (cnt--) {
-	*hp++ = va_arg(ap,Eterm);	   
+        Eterm elem = va_arg(ap,Eterm);
+        ASSERT_IN_ENV(env, elem, ++nr, "tuple");
+	*hp++ = elem;
     }
     va_end(ap);
     return ret;
@@ -1607,12 +1627,16 @@ ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple(ErlNifEnv* env, unsigned cnt, ...)
 
 ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple_from_array(ErlNifEnv* env, const ERL_NIF_TERM arr[], unsigned cnt)
 {
+#ifdef ERTS_NIF_ASSERT_IN_ENV
+    int nr = 0;
+#endif
     Eterm* hp = alloc_heap(env,cnt+1);
     Eterm ret = make_tuple(hp);
     const Eterm* src = arr;
 
     *hp++ = make_arityval(cnt);
     while (cnt--) {
+        ASSERT_IN_ENV(env, *src, ++nr, "tuple");
 	*hp++ = *src++;	   
     }
     return ret;
@@ -1623,6 +1647,8 @@ ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list_cell(ErlNifEnv* env, Eterm car, Eterm cdr)
     Eterm* hp = alloc_heap(env,2);
     Eterm ret = make_list(hp);
 
+    ASSERT_IN_ENV(env, car, 0, "head of list cell");
+    ASSERT_IN_ENV(env, cdr, 0, "tail of list cell");
     CAR(hp) = car;
     CDR(hp) = cdr;
     return ret;
@@ -1634,6 +1660,9 @@ ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list(ErlNifEnv* env, unsigned cnt, ...)
 	return NIL;
     }
     else {
+#ifdef ERTS_NIF_ASSERT_IN_ENV
+        int nr = 0;
+#endif
 	Eterm* hp = alloc_heap(env,cnt*2);
 	Eterm ret = make_list(hp);
 	Eterm* last = &ret;
@@ -1641,8 +1670,10 @@ ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list(ErlNifEnv* env, unsigned cnt, ...)
 
 	va_start(ap,cnt);
 	while (cnt--) {
+            Eterm term = va_arg(ap,Eterm);
 	    *last = make_list(hp);
-	    *hp = va_arg(ap,Eterm);
+            ASSERT_IN_ENV(env, term, ++nr, "list");
+	    *hp = term;
 	    last = ++hp;
 	    ++hp;
 	}
@@ -1654,14 +1685,19 @@ ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list(ErlNifEnv* env, unsigned cnt, ...)
 
 ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list_from_array(ErlNifEnv* env, const ERL_NIF_TERM arr[], unsigned cnt)
 {
+#ifdef ERTS_NIF_ASSERT_IN_ENV
+    int nr = 0;
+#endif
     Eterm* hp = alloc_heap(env,cnt*2);
     Eterm ret = make_list(hp);
     Eterm* last = &ret;
     const Eterm* src = arr;
 
     while (cnt--) {
+        Eterm term = *src++;
 	*last = make_list(hp);
-	*hp = *src++;
+        ASSERT_IN_ENV(env, term, ++nr, "list");
+	*hp = term;
 	last = ++hp;
 	++hp;
     }
@@ -1685,7 +1721,7 @@ ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_string_len(ErlNifEnv* env, const char* string,
 
 ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_ref(ErlNifEnv* env)
 {
-    Eterm* hp = alloc_heap(env, REF_THING_SIZE);
+    Eterm* hp = alloc_heap(env, ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE);
     return erts_make_ref_in_buffer(hp);
 }
 
@@ -1694,13 +1730,9 @@ void enif_system_info(ErlNifSysInfo *sip, size_t si_size)
     driver_system_info(sip, si_size);
 }
 
-int enif_make_reverse_list(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term, ERL_NIF_TERM *list) {
-    Eterm *listptr, ret = NIL, *hp;
-
-    if (is_nil(term)) {
-	*list = term;
-        return 1;
-    }
+int enif_make_reverse_list(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term, ERL_NIF_TERM *list)
+{
+    Eterm *listptr, ret, *hp;
 
     ret = NIL;
 
@@ -2349,6 +2381,7 @@ void* enif_alloc_resource(ErlNifResourceType* type, size_t data_sz)
         magic_sz += data_sz;
     }
     bin = erts_create_magic_binary_x(magic_sz, NIF_RESOURCE_DTOR,
+                                     ERTS_ALC_T_BINARY,
                                      1); /* unaligned */
     resource = ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_DATA(bin);
 
@@ -2404,42 +2437,63 @@ Eterm erts_bld_resource_ref(Eterm** hpp, ErlOffHeap* oh, ErtsResource* resource)
 {
     ErtsBinary* bin = ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_FROM_UNALIGNED_DATA(resource);
     ASSERT(!resource->dbg_is_dying);
-    return erts_mk_magic_binary_term(hpp, oh, &bin->binary);
+    return erts_mk_magic_ref(hpp, oh, &bin->binary);
 }
 
 ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_resource(ErlNifEnv* env, void* obj)
 {
     ErtsResource* resource = DATA_TO_RESOURCE(obj);
     ErtsBinary* bin = ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_FROM_UNALIGNED_DATA(resource);
-    Eterm* hp = alloc_heap(env,PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-    ASSERT(!resource->dbg_is_dying);
-    return erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(env->proc), &bin->binary);
+    Eterm* hp = alloc_heap(env, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+    return erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(env->proc), &bin->binary);
 }
 
 ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_resource_binary(ErlNifEnv* env, void* obj,
 				       const void* data, size_t size)
 {
-    Eterm bin = enif_make_resource(env, obj);
-    ProcBin* pb = (ProcBin*) binary_val(bin);
-    pb->bytes = (byte*) data;
+    ErtsResource* resource = DATA_TO_RESOURCE(obj);
+    ErtsBinary* bin = ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_FROM_UNALIGNED_DATA(resource);
+    ErlOffHeap *ohp = &MSO(env->proc);
+    Eterm* hp = alloc_heap(env,PROC_BIN_SIZE);
+    ProcBin* pb = (ProcBin *) hp;
+
+    pb->thing_word = HEADER_PROC_BIN;
     pb->size = size;
-    return bin;
+    pb->next = ohp->first;
+    ohp->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*) pb;
+    pb->val = &bin->binary;
+    pb->bytes = (byte*) data;
+    pb->flags = 0;
+
+    OH_OVERHEAD(ohp, size / sizeof(Eterm));
+    erts_refc_inc(&bin->binary.refc, 1);
+
+    return make_binary(hp);
 }
 
 int enif_get_resource(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term, ErlNifResourceType* type,
 		      void** objp)
 {
-    ProcBin* pb;
     Binary* mbin;
     ErtsResource* resource;
-    if (!ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(term)) {
-	return 0;
+    if (is_internal_magic_ref(term))
+	mbin = erts_magic_ref2bin(term);
+    else {
+        Eterm *hp;
+        if (!is_binary(term))
+            return 0;
+        hp = binary_val(term);
+        if (thing_subtag(*hp) != REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG)
+            return 0;
+        /*
+        if (((ProcBin *) hp)->size != 0) {	
+            return 0; / * Or should we allow "resource binaries" as handles? * /
+        }
+        */
+        mbin = ((ProcBin *) hp)->val;
+        if (!(mbin->flags & BIN_FLAG_MAGIC))
+            return 0;
     }
-    pb = (ProcBin*) binary_val(term);
-    /*if (pb->size != 0) {	
-	return 0; / * Or should we allow "resource binaries" as handles? * /
-    }*/
-    mbin = pb->val;
     resource = (ErtsResource*) ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_DATA(mbin);
     if (ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(mbin) != NIF_RESOURCE_DTOR
 	|| resource->type != type) {	
@@ -2746,10 +2800,13 @@ enif_schedule_nif(ErlNifEnv* env, const char* fun_name, int flags,
     if (flags == 0)
 	result = schedule(env, execute_nif, fp, proc->current->module,
 			  fun_name_atom, argc, argv);
+    else if (!(flags & ~(ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_IO_BOUND|ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND))) {
 #ifdef ERTS_DIRTY_SCHEDULERS
-    else if (!(flags & ~(ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_IO_BOUND|ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND)))
 	result = schedule_dirty_nif(env, flags, fp, fun_name_atom, argc, argv);
+#else
+        result = enif_raise_exception(env, am_notsup);
 #endif
+    }
     else
 	result = enif_make_badarg(env);
 
@@ -2824,6 +2881,10 @@ int enif_make_map_put(ErlNifEnv* env,
     if (!is_map(map_in)) {
 	return 0;
     }
+    ASSERT_IN_ENV(env, map_in, 0, "old map");
+    ASSERT_IN_ENV(env, key, 0, "key");
+    ASSERT_IN_ENV(env, value, 0, "value");
+
     flush_env(env);
     *map_out = erts_maps_put(env->proc, key, value, map_in);
     cache_env(env);
@@ -2858,6 +2919,10 @@ int enif_make_map_update(ErlNifEnv* env,
 	return 0;
     }
 
+    ASSERT_IN_ENV(env, map_in, 0, "old map");
+    ASSERT_IN_ENV(env, key, 0, "key");
+    ASSERT_IN_ENV(env, value, 0, "value");
+
     flush_env(env);
     res = erts_maps_update(env->proc, key, value, map_in, map_out);
     cache_env(env);
@@ -3065,7 +3130,7 @@ int enif_monitor_process(ErlNifEnv* env, void* obj, const ErlNifPid* target_pid,
     int scheduler;
     ErtsResource* rsrc = DATA_TO_RESOURCE(obj);
     Process *rp;
-    Eterm tmp[REF_THING_SIZE];
+    Eterm tmp[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];
     Eterm ref;
     int retval;
 
@@ -3132,7 +3197,7 @@ int enif_demonitor_process(ErlNifEnv* env, void* obj, const ErlNifMonitor* monit
     Process *rp;
     ErtsMonitor *mon;
     ErtsMonitor *rmon = NULL;
-    Eterm ref_heap[REF_THING_SIZE];
+    Eterm ref_heap[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];
     Eterm ref;
     int is_exiting;
 
@@ -3141,7 +3206,7 @@ int enif_demonitor_process(ErlNifEnv* env, void* obj, const ErlNifMonitor* monit
 
     execution_state(env, NULL, &scheduler);
 
-    memcpy(ref_heap, monitor, sizeof(Eterm)*REF_THING_SIZE);
+    memcpy(ref_heap, monitor, sizeof(Eterm)*ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE);
     ref = make_internal_ref(ref_heap);
     erts_smp_mtx_lock(&rsrc->monitors->lock);
     mon = erts_remove_monitor(&rsrc->monitors->root, ref);
@@ -3205,7 +3270,8 @@ int enif_demonitor_process(ErlNifEnv* env, void* obj, const ErlNifMonitor* monit
 int enif_compare_monitors(const ErlNifMonitor *monitor1,
                           const ErlNifMonitor *monitor2)
 {
-    return memcmp(monitor1,monitor2,sizeof(ErlNifMonitor));
+    return sys_memcmp((void *) monitor1, (void *) monitor2,
+                      ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE*sizeof(Eterm));
 }
 
 /***************************************************************************
@@ -3733,6 +3799,9 @@ Eterm erts_nif_call_function(Process *p, Process *tracee,
         clear_offheap(&MSO(p));
 
         erts_pre_nif(&env, p, mod, tracee);
+#ifdef ERTS_NIF_ASSERT_IN_ENV
+        env.dbg_disable_assert_in_env = 1;
+#endif
         nif_result = (*fun->fptr)(&env, argc, argv);
         if (env.exception_thrown)
             nif_result = THE_NON_VALUE;
@@ -3755,6 +3824,9 @@ Eterm erts_nif_call_function(Process *p, Process *tracee,
            so we create a phony one. */
         struct enif_msg_environment_t msg_env;
         pre_nif_noproc(&msg_env, mod, tracee);
+#ifdef ERTS_NIF_ASSERT_IN_ENV
+        msg_env.env.dbg_disable_assert_in_env = 1;
+#endif
         nif_result = (*fun->fptr)(&msg_env.env, argc, argv);
         if (msg_env.env.exception_thrown)
             nif_result = THE_NON_VALUE;
@@ -3819,6 +3891,55 @@ static unsigned calc_checksum(unsigned char* ptr, unsigned size)
 
 #endif /* READONLY_CHECK */
 
+#ifdef ERTS_NIF_ASSERT_IN_ENV
+static void dbg_assert_in_env(ErlNifEnv* env, Eterm term,
+                              int nr, const char* type, const char* func)
+{
+    Uint saved_used_size;
+    Eterm* real_htop;
+
+    if (is_immed(term)
+        || (is_non_value(term) && env->exception_thrown)
+        || erts_is_literal(term, ptr_val(term)))
+        return;
+
+    if (env->dbg_disable_assert_in_env) {
+        /*
+         * Trace nifs may cheat as built terms are discarded after return.
+         * ToDo: Check if 'term' is part of argv[].
+         */
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (env->heap_frag) {
+        ASSERT(env->heap_frag == MBUF(env->proc));
+        ASSERT(env->hp >= env->heap_frag->mem);
+        ASSERT(env->hp <= env->heap_frag->mem + env->heap_frag->alloc_size);
+        saved_used_size = env->heap_frag->used_size;
+        env->heap_frag->used_size = env->hp - env->heap_frag->mem;
+        real_htop = NULL;
+    }
+    else {
+        real_htop = env->hp;
+    }
+    if (!erts_dbg_within_proc(ptr_val(term), env->proc, real_htop)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "\r\nFAILED ASSERTION in %s:\r\n", func);
+        if (nr) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Term #%d of the %s is not from same ErlNifEnv.",
+                    nr, type);
+        }
+        else {
+            fprintf(stderr, "The %s is not from the same ErlNifEnv.", type);
+        }
+        fprintf(stderr, "\r\nABORTING\r\n");
+        abort();
+    }
+    if (env->heap_frag) {
+        env->heap_frag->used_size = saved_used_size;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef HAVE_USE_DTRACE
 
 #define MESSAGE_BUFSIZ 1024
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_container_utils.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_container_utils.h
index 0c76c6fe7d..e27f1d121a 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_container_utils.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_container_utils.h
@@ -255,19 +255,16 @@ extern ErtsPTab erts_port;
  * Refs                                                                    *
 \*                                                                         */
 
+#define internal_ref_no_numbers(x)	ERTS_REF_NUMBERS
+#define internal_ref_numbers(x)		(is_internal_ordinary_ref((x)) \
+					 ? internal_ordinary_ref_numbers((x)) \
+					 : (ASSERT(is_internal_magic_ref((x))), \
+					    internal_magic_ref_numbers((x))))
 #if defined(ARCH_64)
 
-#define internal_ref_no_of_numbers(x)					\
-  (internal_ref_data((x))[0])
-#define internal_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(thing)			        \
-  (internal_thing_ref_data(thing)[0])
-#define internal_ref_numbers(x)						\
-  (&internal_ref_data((x))[1])
-#define internal_thing_ref_numbers(thing)				\
-  (&internal_thing_ref_data(thing)[1])
-#define external_ref_no_of_numbers(x)					\
+#define external_ref_no_numbers(x)					\
   (external_ref_data((x))[0])
-#define external_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(thing)			        \
+#define external_thing_ref_no_numbers(thing)			        \
   (external_thing_ref_data(thing)[0])
 #define external_ref_numbers(x)						\
   (&external_ref_data((x))[1])
@@ -277,12 +274,8 @@ extern ErtsPTab erts_port;
 
 #else
 
-#define internal_ref_no_of_numbers(x)	(internal_ref_data_words((x)))
-#define internal_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(t) (internal_thing_ref_data_words(t))
-#define internal_ref_numbers(x)		(internal_ref_data((x)))
-#define internal_thing_ref_numbers(t)   (internal_thing_ref_data(t))
-#define external_ref_no_of_numbers(x)	(external_ref_data_words((x)))
-#define external_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(t) (external_thing_ref_data_words((t)))
+#define external_ref_no_numbers(x)	(external_ref_data_words((x)))
+#define external_thing_ref_no_numbers(t) (external_thing_ref_data_words((t)))
 #define external_ref_numbers(x)		(external_ref_data((x)))
 #define external_thing_ref_numbers(t)   (external_thing_ref_data((t)))
 
@@ -299,15 +292,9 @@ extern ErtsPTab erts_port;
 #define internal_ref_channel_no(x)	(internal_channel_no((x)))
 #define external_ref_channel_no(x)	(external_channel_no((x)))
 
-#define ref_data_words(x)		(is_internal_ref((x))		\
-					 ? internal_ref_data_words((x))	\
-					 : external_ref_data_words((x)))
-#define ref_data(x)			(is_internal_ref((x))		\
-					 ? internal_ref_data((x))	\
-					 : external_ref_data((x)))
-#define ref_no_of_numbers(x)		(is_internal_ref((x))		\
-					 ? internal_ref_no_of_numbers((x))\
-					 : external_ref_no_of_numbers((x)))
+#define ref_no_numbers(x)		(is_internal_ref((x))		\
+					 ? internal_ref_no_numbers((x))\
+					 : external_ref_no_numbers((x)))
 #define ref_numbers(x)			(is_internal_ref((x))		\
 					 ? internal_ref_numbers((x))	\
 					 : external_ref_numbers((x)))
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.c
index f463f7fdf4..e2072fe30f 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.c
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ dist_table_alloc(void *dep_tmpl)
     dist_entries++;
 
     dep->prev				= NULL;
-    erts_refc_init(&dep->refc, -1);
+    erts_smp_refc_init(&dep->refc, -1);
     erts_smp_rwmtx_init_opt_x(&dep->rwmtx, &rwmtx_opt, "dist_entry", chnl_nr);
     dep->sysname			= sysname;
     dep->cid				= NIL;
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ erts_channel_no_to_dist_entry(Uint cno)
  * to the node name is used as channel no.
  */
     if(cno == ERST_INTERNAL_CHANNEL_NO) {
-	erts_refc_inc(&erts_this_dist_entry->refc, 2);
+	erts_smp_refc_inc(&erts_this_dist_entry->refc, 2);
 	return erts_this_dist_entry;
     }
 
@@ -231,16 +231,16 @@ erts_sysname_to_connected_dist_entry(Eterm sysname)
     de.sysname = sysname;
   
     if(erts_this_dist_entry->sysname == sysname) {
-	erts_refc_inc(&erts_this_dist_entry->refc, 2);
+	erts_smp_refc_inc(&erts_this_dist_entry->refc, 2);
 	return erts_this_dist_entry;
     }
 
     erts_smp_rwmtx_rlock(&erts_dist_table_rwmtx);
     res_dep = (DistEntry *) hash_get(&erts_dist_table, (void *) &de);
     if (res_dep) {
-	erts_aint_t refc = erts_refc_inctest(&res_dep->refc, 1);
+	erts_aint_t refc = erts_smp_refc_inctest(&res_dep->refc, 1);
 	if (refc < 2) /* Pending delete */
-	    erts_refc_inc(&res_dep->refc, 1);
+	    erts_smp_refc_inc(&res_dep->refc, 1);
     }
     erts_smp_rwmtx_runlock(&erts_dist_table_rwmtx);
     if (res_dep) {
@@ -267,9 +267,9 @@ DistEntry *erts_find_or_insert_dist_entry(Eterm sysname)
     de.sysname = sysname;
     erts_smp_rwmtx_rwlock(&erts_dist_table_rwmtx);
     res = hash_put(&erts_dist_table, (void *) &de);
-    refc = erts_refc_inctest(&res->refc, 0);
+    refc = erts_smp_refc_inctest(&res->refc, 0);
     if (refc < 2) /* New or pending delete */
-	erts_refc_inc(&res->refc, 1);
+	erts_smp_refc_inc(&res->refc, 1);
     erts_smp_rwmtx_rwunlock(&erts_dist_table_rwmtx);
     return res;
 }
@@ -282,9 +282,9 @@ DistEntry *erts_find_dist_entry(Eterm sysname)
     erts_smp_rwmtx_rlock(&erts_dist_table_rwmtx);
     res = hash_get(&erts_dist_table, (void *) &de);
     if (res) {
-	erts_aint_t refc = erts_refc_inctest(&res->refc, 1);
+	erts_aint_t refc = erts_smp_refc_inctest(&res->refc, 1);
 	if (refc < 2) /* Pending delete */
-	    erts_refc_inc(&res->refc, 1);
+	    erts_smp_refc_inc(&res->refc, 1);
     }
     erts_smp_rwmtx_runlock(&erts_dist_table_rwmtx);
     return res;
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ static void try_delete_dist_entry(void *vdep)
      *
      * If refc > 0, the entry is in use. Keep the entry.
      */
-    refc = erts_refc_dectest(&dep->refc, -1);
+    refc = erts_smp_refc_dectest(&dep->refc, -1);
     if (refc == -1)
 	(void) hash_erase(&erts_dist_table, (void *) dep);
     erts_smp_rwmtx_rwunlock(&erts_dist_table_rwmtx);
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ node_table_alloc(void *venp_tmpl)
 
     node_entries++;
 
-    erts_refc_init(&enp->refc, -1);
+    erts_smp_refc_init(&enp->refc, -1);
     enp->creation = ((ErlNode *) venp_tmpl)->creation;
     enp->sysname = ((ErlNode *) venp_tmpl)->sysname;
     enp->dist_entry = erts_find_or_insert_dist_entry(((ErlNode *) venp_tmpl)->sysname);
@@ -585,9 +585,9 @@ ErlNode *erts_find_or_insert_node(Eterm sysname, Uint32 creation)
     erts_smp_rwmtx_rlock(&erts_node_table_rwmtx);
     res = hash_get(&erts_node_table, (void *) &ne);
     if (res && res != erts_this_node) {
-	erts_aint_t refc = erts_refc_inctest(&res->refc, 0);
+	erts_aint_t refc = erts_smp_refc_inctest(&res->refc, 0);
 	if (refc < 2) /* New or pending delete */
-	    erts_refc_inc(&res->refc, 1);
+	    erts_smp_refc_inc(&res->refc, 1);
     }
     erts_smp_rwmtx_runlock(&erts_node_table_rwmtx);
     if (res)
@@ -597,9 +597,9 @@ ErlNode *erts_find_or_insert_node(Eterm sysname, Uint32 creation)
     res = hash_put(&erts_node_table, (void *) &ne);
     ASSERT(res);
     if (res != erts_this_node) {
-	erts_aint_t refc = erts_refc_inctest(&res->refc, 0);
+	erts_aint_t refc = erts_smp_refc_inctest(&res->refc, 0);
 	if (refc < 2) /* New or pending delete */
-	    erts_refc_inc(&res->refc, 1);
+	    erts_smp_refc_inc(&res->refc, 1);
     }
     erts_smp_rwmtx_rwunlock(&erts_node_table_rwmtx);
     return res;
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ static void try_delete_node(void *venp)
      *
      * If refc > 0, the entry is in use. Keep the entry.
      */
-    refc = erts_refc_dectest(&enp->refc, -1);
+    refc = erts_smp_refc_dectest(&enp->refc, -1);
     if (refc == -1)
 	(void) hash_erase(&erts_node_table, (void *) enp);
     erts_smp_rwmtx_rwunlock(&erts_node_table_rwmtx);
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ static void print_node(void *venp, void *vpndp)
 	erts_print(pndp->to, pndp->to_arg, " %d", enp->creation);
 #ifdef DEBUG
 	erts_print(pndp->to, pndp->to_arg, " (refc=%ld)",
-		   erts_refc_read(&enp->refc, 0));
+		   erts_smp_refc_read(&enp->refc, 0));
 #endif
 	pndp->no_sysname++;
     }
@@ -715,19 +715,19 @@ void
 erts_set_this_node(Eterm sysname, Uint creation)
 {
     ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_thr_progress_is_blocking());
-    ASSERT(erts_refc_read(&erts_this_dist_entry->refc, 2));
+    ASSERT(erts_smp_refc_read(&erts_this_dist_entry->refc, 2));
 
-    if (erts_refc_dectest(&erts_this_node->refc, 0) == 0)
+    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&erts_this_node->refc, 0) == 0)
         try_delete_node(erts_this_node);
 
-    if (erts_refc_dectest(&erts_this_dist_entry->refc, 0) == 0)
+    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&erts_this_dist_entry->refc, 0) == 0)
         try_delete_dist_entry(erts_this_dist_entry);
 
     erts_this_node = NULL; /* to make sure refc is bumped for this node */
     erts_this_node = erts_find_or_insert_node(sysname, creation);
     erts_this_dist_entry = erts_this_node->dist_entry;
 
-    erts_refc_inc(&erts_this_dist_entry->refc, 2);
+    erts_smp_refc_inc(&erts_this_dist_entry->refc, 2);
 
     erts_this_node_sysname = erts_this_node_sysname_BUFFER;
     erts_snprintf(erts_this_node_sysname, sizeof(erts_this_node_sysname_BUFFER),
@@ -789,13 +789,13 @@ void erts_init_node_tables(int dd_sec)
     node_tmpl.creation = 0;
     erts_this_node = hash_put(&erts_node_table, &node_tmpl);
      /* +1 for erts_this_node */
-    erts_refc_init(&erts_this_node->refc, 1);
+    erts_smp_refc_init(&erts_this_node->refc, 1);
 
     ASSERT(erts_this_node->dist_entry != NULL);
     erts_this_dist_entry = erts_this_node->dist_entry;
     /* +1 for erts_this_dist_entry */
     /* +1 for erts_this_node->dist_entry */
-    erts_refc_init(&erts_this_dist_entry->refc, 2);
+    erts_smp_refc_init(&erts_this_dist_entry->refc, 2);
 
 
     erts_this_node_sysname = erts_this_node_sysname_BUFFER;
@@ -1126,12 +1126,12 @@ insert_offheap(ErlOffHeap *oh, int type, Eterm id)
 
     for (u.hdr = oh->first; u.hdr; u.hdr = u.hdr->next) {
 	switch (thing_subtag(u.hdr->thing_word)) {
-	case REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG:
-	    if(IsMatchProgBinary(u.pb->val)) {
+	case REF_SUBTAG:
+	    if(IsMatchProgBinary(u.mref->mb)) {
 		InsertedBin *ib;
 		int insert_bin = 1;
 		for (ib = inserted_bins; ib; ib = ib->next)
-		    if(ib->bin_val == u.pb->val) {
+		    if(ib->bin_val == (Binary *) u.mref->mb) {
 			insert_bin = 0;
 			break;
 		    }
@@ -1140,18 +1140,19 @@ insert_offheap(ErlOffHeap *oh, int type, Eterm id)
 		    Uint *hp = &id_heap[0];
 		    InsertedBin *nib;
 		    UseTmpHeapNoproc(BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE);
-		    a.id = erts_bld_uint(&hp, NULL, (Uint) u.pb->val);
-		    erts_match_prog_foreach_offheap(u.pb->val,
+		    a.id = erts_bld_uint(&hp, NULL, (Uint) u.mref->mb);
+		    erts_match_prog_foreach_offheap((Binary *) u.mref->mb,
 						    insert_offheap2,
 						    (void *) &a);
 		    nib = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_NC_TMP, sizeof(InsertedBin));
-		    nib->bin_val = u.pb->val;
+		    nib->bin_val = (Binary *) u.mref->mb;
 		    nib->next = inserted_bins;
 		    inserted_bins = nib;
 		    UnUseTmpHeapNoproc(BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE);
 		}
 	    }		
 	    break;
+	case REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG:
 	case FUN_SUBTAG:
 	    break; /* No need to */
 	default:
@@ -1623,7 +1624,7 @@ reference_table_term(Uint **hpp, Uint *szp)
 
 	tup = MK_2TUP(referred_nodes[i].node->sysname,
 		      MK_UINT(referred_nodes[i].node->creation));
-	tup = MK_3TUP(tup, MK_UINT(erts_refc_read(&referred_nodes[i].node->refc, 0)), nril);
+	tup = MK_3TUP(tup, MK_UINT(erts_smp_refc_read(&referred_nodes[i].node->refc, 0)), nril);
 	nl = MK_CONS(tup, nl);
     }
 
@@ -1684,7 +1685,7 @@ reference_table_term(Uint **hpp, Uint *szp)
 
 	/* DistList = [{Dist, Refc, ReferenceIdList}] */
 	tup = MK_3TUP(referred_dists[i].dist->sysname,
-		      MK_UINT(erts_refc_read(&referred_dists[i].dist->refc, 0)),
+		      MK_UINT(erts_smp_refc_read(&referred_dists[i].dist->refc, 0)),
 		      dril);
 	dl = MK_CONS(tup, dl);
     }
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.h
index 47a6724c21..35051173d0 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.h
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ typedef struct dist_entry_ {
     HashBucket hash_bucket;     /* Hash bucket */
     struct dist_entry_ *next;	/* Next entry in dist_table (not sorted) */
     struct dist_entry_ *prev;	/* Previous entry in dist_table (not sorted) */
-    erts_refc_t refc;		/* Reference count */
+    erts_smp_refc_t refc;		/* Reference count */
 
     erts_smp_rwmtx_t rwmtx;     /* Protects all fields below until lck_mtx. */
     Eterm sysname;		/* name@host atom for efficiency */
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ typedef struct dist_entry_ {
 
 typedef struct erl_node_ {
   HashBucket hash_bucket;	/* Hash bucket */
-  erts_refc_t refc;		/* Reference count */
+  erts_smp_refc_t refc;		/* Reference count */
   Eterm	sysname;		/* name@host atom for efficiency */
   Uint32 creation;		/* Creation */
   DistEntry *dist_entry;	/* Corresponding dist entry */
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
 erts_deref_dist_entry(DistEntry *dep)
 {
     ASSERT(dep);
-    if (erts_refc_dectest(&dep->refc, 0) == 0)
+    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&dep->refc, 0) == 0)
 	erts_schedule_delete_dist_entry(dep);
 }
 
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
 erts_deref_node_entry(ErlNode *np)
 {
     ASSERT(np);
-    if (erts_refc_dectest(&np->refc, 0) == 0)
+    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&np->refc, 0) == 0)
 	erts_schedule_delete_node(np);
 }
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_printf_term.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_printf_term.c
index b43a1b0190..6b64bbd2f1 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_printf_term.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_printf_term.c
@@ -382,12 +382,15 @@ print_term(fmtfn_t fn, void* arg, Eterm obj, long *dcount) {
 	    break;
 	}
 	case REF_DEF:
+            if (!ERTS_IS_CRASH_DUMPING)
+                erts_magic_ref_save_bin(obj);
+            /* fall through... */
 	case EXTERNAL_REF_DEF:
 	    PRINT_STRING(res, fn, arg, "#Ref<");
 	    PRINT_UWORD(res, fn, arg, 'u', 0, 1,
 			(ErlPfUWord) ref_channel_no(wobj));
 	    ref_num = ref_numbers(wobj);
-	    for (i = ref_no_of_numbers(wobj)-1; i >= 0; i--) {
+	    for (i = ref_no_numbers(wobj)-1; i >= 0; i--) {
 		PRINT_CHAR(res, fn, arg, '.');
 		PRINT_UWORD(res, fn, arg, 'u', 0, 1, (ErlPfUWord) ref_num[i]);
 	    }
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_process.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_process.c
index 9db77585f2..52d9f9ddf7 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_process.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_process.c
@@ -127,11 +127,13 @@ runq_got_work_to_execute_flags(Uint32 flags)
     return !ERTS_IS_RUNQ_EMPTY_FLGS(flags);
 }
 
+#ifdef ERTS_SMP
 static ERTS_INLINE int
 runq_got_work_to_execute(ErtsRunQueue *rq)
 {
     return runq_got_work_to_execute_flags(ERTS_RUNQ_FLGS_GET_NOB(rq));
 }
+#endif
 
 #undef RUNQ_READ_RQ
 #undef RUNQ_SET_RQ
@@ -1171,7 +1173,7 @@ typedef struct {
     int enable;
     Process *proc;
     Eterm ref;
-    Eterm ref_heap[REF_THING_SIZE];
+    Eterm ref_heap[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];
     Uint req_sched;
     erts_smp_atomic32_t refc;
 #ifdef ERTS_DIRTY_SCHEDULERS
@@ -1183,7 +1185,7 @@ typedef struct {
 typedef struct {
     Process *proc;
     Eterm ref;
-    Eterm ref_heap[REF_THING_SIZE];
+    Eterm ref_heap[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];
     Uint req_sched;
     erts_smp_atomic32_t refc;
 } ErtsSystemCheckReq;
@@ -1295,7 +1297,7 @@ reply_sched_wall_time(void *vswtrp)
             if (hpp)
                 ref_copy = STORE_NC(hpp, ohp, swtrp->ref);
             else
-                *szp += REF_THING_SIZE;
+                *szp += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
 
             ASSERT(!swtrp->set);
 
@@ -1340,7 +1342,7 @@ reply_sched_wall_time(void *vswtrp)
             if (hpp)
                 ref_copy = STORE_NC(hpp, ohp, swtrp->ref);
             else
-                *szp += REF_THING_SIZE;
+                *szp += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
 
             if (swtrp->set)
                 msg = ref_copy;
@@ -1442,7 +1444,7 @@ reply_system_check(void *vscrp)
     ASSERT(!ERTS_SCHEDULER_IS_DIRTY(esdp));
 #endif
 
-    sz = REF_THING_SIZE;
+    sz = ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
     mp = erts_alloc_message_heap(rp, &rp_locks, sz, &hp, &ohp);
     hpp = &hp;
     msg = STORE_NC(hpp, ohp, scrp->ref);
@@ -5048,7 +5050,7 @@ check_balance(ErtsRunQueue *c_rq)
 	    sched_util_balancing = 1;
 	    /*
 	     * In order to avoid renaming a large amount of fields
-	     * we write utilization values instead of lenght values
+	     * we write utilization values instead of length values
 	     * in the 'max_len' and 'migration_limit' fields...
 	     */
 	    for (qix = 0; qix < blnc_no_rqs; qix++) {
@@ -6379,7 +6381,6 @@ erts_init_scheduling(int no_schedulers, int no_schedulers_online
 	erts_tsd_set(sched_data_key, (void *) esdp);
 #endif
     }
-    erts_no_schedulers = 1;
     erts_no_dirty_cpu_schedulers = 0;
     erts_no_dirty_io_schedulers = 0;
 #endif
@@ -10174,7 +10175,8 @@ Process *erts_schedule(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp, Process *p, int calls)
 
             esdp->current_process = NULL;
 #ifdef ERTS_SMP
-            p->scheduler_data = NULL;
+            if (is_normal_sched)
+                p->scheduler_data = NULL;
 #endif
 
             erts_smp_proc_unlock(p, (ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MAIN
@@ -10631,8 +10633,8 @@ Process *erts_schedule(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp, Process *p, int calls)
 
 	state = erts_smp_atomic32_read_nob(&p->state);
 
-	ASSERT(!p->scheduler_data);
 #ifndef ERTS_DIRTY_SCHEDULERS
+	ASSERT(!p->scheduler_data);
 	p->scheduler_data = esdp;
 #else /* ERTS_DIRTY_SCHEDULERS */
 	if (is_normal_sched) {
@@ -10643,6 +10645,7 @@ Process *erts_schedule(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp, Process *p, int calls)
 		erts_smp_proc_unlock(p, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_STATUS);
 		goto sched_out_proc;
 	    }
+	    ASSERT(!p->scheduler_data);
 	    p->scheduler_data = esdp;
 	}
 	else {
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_process_dump.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_process_dump.c
index 7c23b5c76a..77c7c5e73c 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_process_dump.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_process_dump.c
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ heap_dump(fmtfn_t to, void *to_arg, Eterm x)
 			ProcBin* pb = (ProcBin *) binary_val(x);
 			Binary* val = pb->val;
 
-			if (erts_smp_atomic_xchg_nob(&val->refc, 0) != 0) {
+			if (erts_atomic_xchg_nob(&val->refc, 0) != 0) {
 			    val->flags = (UWord) all_binaries;
 			    all_binaries = val;
 			}
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_process_lock.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_process_lock.h
index 773529384f..46a72fcb0c 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_process_lock.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_process_lock.h
@@ -219,6 +219,10 @@ typedef struct erts_proc_lock_t_ {
 #define ERTS_PROC_LOCKS_ALL_MINOR	(ERTS_PROC_LOCKS_ALL \
                                          & ~ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MAIN)
 
+/* All locks we first must unlock to lock L */
+#define ERTS_PROC_LOCKS_HIGHER_THAN(L) \
+  (ERTS_PROC_LOCKS_ALL & (~(L) & ~((L)-1)))
+
 
 #define ERTS_PIX_LOCKS_BITS		10
 #define ERTS_NO_OF_PIX_LOCKS		(1 << ERTS_PIX_LOCKS_BITS)
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_ptab.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_ptab.c
index 578ae14b9f..abf2fe44f3 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_ptab.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_ptab.c
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ erts_ptab_init_table(ErtsPTab *ptab,
 	 * we don't want to shrink the size to ERTS_PTAB_MAX_SIZE/2.
 	 *
 	 * In order to fix this, we insert a pointer from the table
-	 * to the invalid_element, wich will be interpreted as a
+	 * to the invalid_element, which will be interpreted as a
 	 * slot currently being modified. This way we will be able to
 	 * have ERTS_PTAB_MAX_SIZE-1 valid elements in the table while
 	 * still having a table size of the power of 2.
@@ -771,18 +771,18 @@ erts_ptab_list(Process *c_p, ErtsPTab *ptab)
     }
     else {
 	Eterm *hp;
-	Eterm magic_bin;
+	Eterm magic_ref;
 	ERTS_PTAB_LIST_DBG_CHK_RESLIST(res_acc);
-	hp = HAlloc(c_p, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-	ERTS_PTAB_LIST_DBG_SAVE_HEAP_ALLOC(ptlbdp, hp, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-	magic_bin = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(c_p), mbp);
+	hp = HAlloc(c_p, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+	ERTS_PTAB_LIST_DBG_SAVE_HEAP_ALLOC(ptlbdp, hp, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+	magic_ref = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(c_p), mbp);
 	ERTS_PTAB_LIST_DBG_VERIFY_HEAP_ALLOC_USED(ptlbdp, hp);
 	ERTS_PTAB_LIST_DBG_TRACE(c_p->common.id, trap);
 	ERTS_BIF_PREP_YIELD2(ret_val,
 			     &ptab_list_continue_export,
 			     c_p,
 			     res_acc,
-			     magic_bin);
+			     magic_ref);
     }
     return ret_val;
 }
@@ -1289,9 +1289,7 @@ static BIF_RETTYPE ptab_list_continue(BIF_ALIST_2)
 
     res_acc = BIF_ARG_1;
 
-    ERTS_PTAB_LIST_ASSERT(ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(BIF_ARG_2));
-
-    mbp = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(BIF_ARG_2))->val;
+    mbp = erts_magic_ref2bin(BIF_ARG_2);
 
     ERTS_PTAB_LIST_ASSERT(ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(mbp)
 			  == cleanup_ptab_list_bif_data);
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_term.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_term.c
index 7d857ad326..6b25728af7 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_term.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_term.c
@@ -59,6 +59,42 @@ erts_set_literal_tag(Eterm *term, Eterm *hp_start, Eterm hsz)
 #endif
 }
 
+void
+erts_term_init(void)
+{
+#ifdef ERTS_ORDINARY_REF_MARKER
+    /* Ordinary and magic references of same size... */
+
+    ErtsRefThing ref_thing;
+
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT(ERTS_ORDINARY_REF_MARKER == ~((Uint32)0));
+    ref_thing.m.header = ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER;
+    ref_thing.m.mb = (ErtsMagicBinary *) ~((UWord) 3);
+    ref_thing.m.next = (struct erl_off_heap_header *) ~((UWord) 3);
+    if (ref_thing.o.marker == ERTS_ORDINARY_REF_MARKER)
+        ERTS_INTERNAL_ERROR("Cannot differentiate between magic and ordinary references");
+
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT(offsetof(ErtsORefThing,marker) != 0);
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT(sizeof(ErtsORefThing) == sizeof(ErtsMRefThing));
+#  ifdef ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER
+#    error Magic ref thing header should not have been defined...
+#  endif
+
+#else
+    /* Ordinary and magic references of different sizes... */
+
+#  ifndef ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER
+#    error Magic ref thing header should have been defined...
+#  endif
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT(sizeof(ErtsORefThing) != sizeof(ErtsMRefThing));
+
+#endif
+
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT(ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE*sizeof(Eterm) == sizeof(ErtsORefThing));
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT(ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE*sizeof(Eterm) == sizeof(ErtsMRefThing));
+
+}
+
 /*
  * XXX: define NUMBER_CODE() here when new representation is used
  */
@@ -95,8 +131,8 @@ ET_DEFINE_CHECKED(Eterm*,tuple_val,Wterm,is_tuple);
 ET_DEFINE_CHECKED(struct erl_node_*,internal_pid_node,Eterm,is_internal_pid);
 ET_DEFINE_CHECKED(struct erl_node_*,internal_port_node,Eterm,is_internal_port);
 ET_DEFINE_CHECKED(Eterm*,internal_ref_val,Wterm,is_internal_ref);
-ET_DEFINE_CHECKED(Uint,internal_ref_data_words,Wterm,is_internal_ref);
-ET_DEFINE_CHECKED(Uint32*,internal_ref_data,Wterm,is_internal_ref);
+ET_DEFINE_CHECKED(Uint32*,internal_magic_ref_numbers,Wterm,is_internal_magic_ref);
+ET_DEFINE_CHECKED(Uint32*,internal_ordinary_ref_numbers,Wterm,is_internal_ordinary_ref);
 ET_DEFINE_CHECKED(struct erl_node_*,internal_ref_node,Eterm,is_internal_ref);
 ET_DEFINE_CHECKED(Eterm*,external_val,Wterm,is_external);
 ET_DEFINE_CHECKED(Uint,external_data_words,Wterm,is_external);
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_term.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_term.h
index c3234ee349..a602a8f7c6 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_term.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_term.h
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 
 #include "erl_mmap.h"
 
+void erts_term_init(void);
+
 typedef UWord Wterm;  /* Full word terms */
 
 struct erl_node_; /* Declared in erl_node_tables.h */
@@ -718,73 +720,224 @@ _ET_DECLARE_CHECKED(struct erl_node_*,internal_port_node,Eterm)
 #define ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS	3
 #define ERTS_REF_NUMBERS	ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS
 
-#if defined(ARCH_64)
-#  define ERTS_REF_WORDS	(ERTS_REF_NUMBERS/2 + 1)
-#  define ERTS_REF_32BIT_WORDS  (ERTS_REF_NUMBERS+1)
-#else
-#  define ERTS_REF_WORDS	ERTS_REF_NUMBERS
-#  define ERTS_REF_32BIT_WORDS  ERTS_REF_NUMBERS
+#ifndef ERTS_ENDIANNESS
+# error ERTS_ENDIANNESS not defined...
 #endif
 
-typedef struct {
-    Eterm      header;
-    union {
-	Uint32 ui32[ERTS_REF_32BIT_WORDS];
-	Uint   ui[ERTS_REF_WORDS];
-    } data;
-} RefThing;
-
-#define REF_THING_SIZE (sizeof(RefThing)/sizeof(Uint))
-#define REF_THING_HEAD_SIZE (sizeof(Eterm)/sizeof(Uint))
+#if ERTS_REF_NUMBERS != 3
+#  error "A new reference layout for 64-bit needs to be implemented..."
+#endif
 
-#define make_ref_thing_header(DW) \
-  _make_header((DW)+REF_THING_HEAD_SIZE-1,_TAG_HEADER_REF)
+struct magic_binary;
 
 #if defined(ARCH_64)
 
+# define ERTS_ORDINARY_REF_MARKER (~((Uint32) 0))
+
+typedef struct {
+    Eterm header;
+#if ERTS_ENDIANNESS <= 0
+    Uint32 marker;
+#endif
+    Uint32 num[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS];
+#if ERTS_ENDIANNESS > 0
+    Uint32 marker;
+#endif
+} ErtsORefThing;
+
+typedef struct {
+    Eterm header;
+    struct magic_binary *mb;
+    struct erl_off_heap_header* next;
+#if !ERTS_ENDIANNESS
+    Uint32 num[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS];
+    Uint32 marker;
+#endif
+} ErtsMRefThing;
+
 /*
- * Ref layout on a 64-bit little endian machine:
+ * Ordinary ref layout on a 64-bit little endian machine:
  *
  * 63             31             0
  * +--------------+--------------+
  * |         Thing word          |
  * +--------------+--------------+
- * |  Data 0      | 32-bit arity |
+ * |  Data 0      | 0xffffffff   |
  * +--------------+--------------+
  * |  Data 2      | Data 1       |
  * +--------------+--------------+
  *
- * Data is stored as an Uint32 array with 32-bit arity as first number.
+ * Ordinary ref layout on a 64-bit big endian machine:
+ *
+ * 63             31             0
+ * +--------------+--------------+
+ * |         Thing word          |
+ * +--------------+--------------+
+ * |  Data 0      | Data 1       |
+ * +--------------+--------------+
+ * |  Data 2      | 0xffffffff   |
+ * +--------------+--------------+
+ *
+ * Magic Ref layout on a 64-bit machine:
+ *
+ * 63             31             0
+ * +--------------+--------------+
+ * |         Thing word          |
+ * +--------------+--------------+
+ * |  Magic Binary Pointer       |
+ * +--------------+--------------+
+ * |  Next Off Heap Pointer      |
+ * +--------------+--------------+
+ *
+ * Both pointers in the magic ref are 64-bit aligned. That is,
+ * least significant bits are zero. The marker 32-bit word is
+ * placed over the least significant bits of one of the pointers.
+ * That is, we can distinguish between magic and ordinary ref
+ * by looking at the marker field.
+ * 
  */
 
 #define write_ref_thing(Hp, R0, R1, R2)					\
 do {									\
-  ((RefThing *) (Hp))->header  = make_ref_thing_header(ERTS_REF_WORDS);	\
-  ((RefThing *) (Hp))->data.ui32[0] = ERTS_REF_NUMBERS;			\
-  ((RefThing *) (Hp))->data.ui32[1] = (R0);				\
-  ((RefThing *) (Hp))->data.ui32[2] = (R1);				\
-  ((RefThing *) (Hp))->data.ui32[3] = (R2);				\
+  ((ErtsORefThing *) (Hp))->header = ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER;		\
+  ((ErtsORefThing *) (Hp))->marker = ERTS_ORDINARY_REF_MARKER;		\
+  ((ErtsORefThing *) (Hp))->num[0] = (R0);				\
+  ((ErtsORefThing *) (Hp))->num[1] = (R1);				\
+  ((ErtsORefThing *) (Hp))->num[2] = (R2);				\
 } while (0)
 
-#else
+#if ERTS_ENDIANNESS
+/* Known big or little endian */
+
+#define write_magic_ref_thing(Hp, Ohp, Binp)				\
+do {									\
+  ((ErtsMRefThing *) (Hp))->header = ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER;		\
+  ((ErtsMRefThing *) (Hp))->mb = (Binp);				\
+  ((ErtsMRefThing *) (Hp))->next = (Ohp)->first;			\
+  (Ohp)->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*) (Hp);			\
+  ASSERT(erts_is_ref_numbers_magic((Binp)->refn));			\
+} while (0)
+
+#else /* !ERTS_ENDIANNESS */
+
+#define write_magic_ref_thing(Hp, Ohp, Binp)				\
+do {									\
+  ((ErtsMRefThing *) (Hp))->header = ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER;	\
+  ((ErtsMRefThing *) (Hp))->mb = (Binp);				\
+  ((ErtsMRefThing *) (Hp))->next = (Ohp)->first;			\
+  (Ohp)->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*) (Hp);			\
+  ((ErtsMRefThing *) (Hp))->marker = 0;					\
+  ((ErtsMRefThing *) (Hp))->num[0] = (Binp)->refn[0];			\
+  ((ErtsMRefThing *) (Hp))->num[1] = (Binp)->refn[1];			\
+  ((ErtsMRefThing *) (Hp))->num[2] = (Binp)->refn[2];			\
+  ASSERT(erts_is_ref_numbers_magic((Binp)->refn));			\
+} while (0)
+
+#endif /* !ERTS_ENDIANNESS */
+
+#else /* ARCH_32 */
+
+typedef struct {
+    Eterm header;
+    Uint32 num[ERTS_REF_NUMBERS];
+} ErtsORefThing;
+
+typedef struct {
+    Eterm header;
+    struct magic_binary *mb;
+    struct erl_off_heap_header* next;
+} ErtsMRefThing;
+
 
 #define write_ref_thing(Hp, R0, R1, R2)					\
 do {									\
-  ((RefThing *) (Hp))->header  = make_ref_thing_header(ERTS_REF_WORDS);	\
-  ((RefThing *) (Hp))->data.ui32[0] = (R0);				\
-  ((RefThing *) (Hp))->data.ui32[1] = (R1);				\
-  ((RefThing *) (Hp))->data.ui32[2] = (R2);				\
+  ((ErtsORefThing *) (Hp))->header = ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER;		\
+  ((ErtsORefThing *) (Hp))->num[0] = (R0);				\
+  ((ErtsORefThing *) (Hp))->num[1] = (R1);				\
+  ((ErtsORefThing *) (Hp))->num[2] = (R2);				\
 } while (0)
 
+#define write_magic_ref_thing(Hp, Ohp, Binp)				\
+do {									\
+  ((ErtsMRefThing *) (Hp))->header = ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER;	\
+  ((ErtsMRefThing *) (Hp))->mb = (Binp);				\
+  ((ErtsMRefThing *) (Hp))->next = (Ohp)->first;			\
+  (Ohp)->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*) (Hp);			\
+  ASSERT(erts_is_ref_numbers_magic(&(Binp)->refn));			\
+} while (0)
+
+#endif /* ARCH_32 */
+
+typedef union {
+    ErtsMRefThing m;
+    ErtsORefThing o;
+} ErtsRefThing;
+
+#define ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE (sizeof(ErtsORefThing)/sizeof(Uint))
+#define ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE (sizeof(ErtsMRefThing)/sizeof(Uint))
+#define ERTS_MAX_INTERNAL_REF_SIZE (sizeof(ErtsRefThing)/sizeof(Uint))
+
+#define make_ref_thing_header(Words) \
+    _make_header((Words)-1,_TAG_HEADER_REF)
+
+#define ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER _make_header(ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE-1,_TAG_HEADER_REF)
+
+#if defined(ARCH_64) && ERTS_ENDIANNESS /* All internal refs of same size... */
+
+#  undef ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER
+
+#  define is_ref_thing_header(x) ((x) == ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER)
+
+#define is_ordinary_ref_thing(x)					\
+    (ASSERT(is_ref_thing_header(*((Eterm *)(x)))),			\
+     ((ErtsRefThing *) (x))->o.marker == ERTS_ORDINARY_REF_MARKER)
+
+#define is_magic_ref_thing(x)						\
+    (!is_ordinary_ref_thing((x)))
+
+#define is_internal_magic_ref(x)					\
+    ((_unchecked_is_boxed((x)) && *boxed_val((x)) == ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER) \
+     && is_magic_ref_thing(boxed_val((x))))
+
+#define is_internal_ordinary_ref(x)					\
+    ((_unchecked_is_boxed((x)) && *boxed_val((x)) == ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER) \
+     && is_ordinary_ref_thing(boxed_val((x))))
+
+#else /* Ordinary and magic references of different sizes... */
+
+#  define ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER					\
+    _make_header(ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE-1,_TAG_HEADER_REF)
+
+#  define is_ref_thing_header(x)					\
+    (((x) & _TAG_HEADER_MASK) == _TAG_HEADER_REF)
+
+#define is_ordinary_ref_thing(x)					\
+    (ASSERT(is_ref_thing_header(*((Eterm *)(x)))),			\
+     *((Eterm *)(x)) == ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER)
+
+#define is_magic_ref_thing(x)						\
+    (ASSERT(is_ref_thing_header(*((Eterm *)(x)))),			\
+     *((Eterm *)(x)) == ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER)
+
+#define is_internal_magic_ref(x)					\
+    (_unchecked_is_boxed((x)) && *boxed_val((x)) == ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_HEADER)
+
+#define is_internal_ordinary_ref(x)					\
+    (_unchecked_is_boxed((x)) && *boxed_val((x)) == ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER)
+
 #endif
 
-#define is_ref_thing_header(x)	(((x) & _TAG_HEADER_MASK) == _TAG_HEADER_REF)
 #define make_internal_ref(x)	make_boxed((Eterm*)(x))
 
-#define _unchecked_ref_thing_ptr(x) \
-  ((RefThing*) _unchecked_internal_ref_val(x))
-#define ref_thing_ptr(x) \
-  ((RefThing*) internal_ref_val(x))
+#define _unchecked_ordinary_ref_thing_ptr(x) \
+  ((ErtsORefThing*) _unchecked_internal_ref_val(x))
+#define ordinary_ref_thing_ptr(x) \
+  ((ErtsORefThing*) internal_ref_val(x))
+
+#define _unchecked_magic_ref_thing_ptr(x) \
+  ((ErtsMRefThing*) _unchecked_internal_ref_val(x))
+#define magic_ref_thing_ptr(x) \
+  ((ErtsMRefThing*) internal_ref_val(x))
 
 #define is_internal_ref(x) \
     (_unchecked_is_boxed((x)) && is_ref_thing_header(*boxed_val((x))))
@@ -796,16 +949,21 @@ do {									\
 _ET_DECLARE_CHECKED(Eterm*,internal_ref_val,Wterm)
 #define internal_ref_val(x) _ET_APPLY(internal_ref_val,(x))
 
-#define internal_thing_ref_data_words(t) (thing_arityval(*(Eterm*)(t)))
-#define _unchecked_internal_ref_data_words(x) \
- (_unchecked_thing_arityval(*_unchecked_internal_ref_val(x)))
-_ET_DECLARE_CHECKED(Uint,internal_ref_data_words,Wterm)
-#define internal_ref_data_words(x) _ET_APPLY(internal_ref_data_words,(x))
+#define internal_ordinary_thing_ref_numbers(ort) (((ErtsORefThing *)(ort))->num)
+#define _unchecked_internal_ordinary_ref_numbers(x) (internal_ordinary_thing_ref_numbers(_unchecked_ordinary_ref_thing_ptr(x)))
+_ET_DECLARE_CHECKED(Uint32*,internal_ordinary_ref_numbers,Wterm)
+#define internal_ordinary_ref_numbers(x) _ET_APPLY(internal_ordinary_ref_numbers,(x))
+
+#if defined(ARCH_64) && !ERTS_ENDIANNESS
+#define internal_magic_thing_ref_numbers(mrt) (((ErtsMRefThing *)(mrt))->num)
+#else
+#define internal_magic_thing_ref_numbers(mrt) (((ErtsMRefThing *)(mrt))->mb->refn)
+#endif
+
+#define _unchecked_internal_magic_ref_numbers(x) (internal_magic_thing_ref_numbers(_unchecked_magic_ref_thing_ptr(x)))
+_ET_DECLARE_CHECKED(Uint32*,internal_magic_ref_numbers,Wterm)
+#define internal_magic_ref_numbers(x) _ET_APPLY(internal_magic_ref_numbers,(x))
 
-#define internal_thing_ref_data(thing) ((thing)->data.ui32)
-#define _unchecked_internal_ref_data(x) (internal_thing_ref_data(_unchecked_ref_thing_ptr(x)))
-_ET_DECLARE_CHECKED(Uint32*,internal_ref_data,Wterm)
-#define internal_ref_data(x) _ET_APPLY(internal_ref_data,(x))
 
 #define _unchecked_internal_ref_node(x) erts_this_node
 _ET_DECLARE_CHECKED(struct erl_node_*,internal_ref_node,Eterm)
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_time_sup.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_time_sup.c
index c01cc26246..cf9d3adc86 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_time_sup.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_time_sup.c
@@ -1502,7 +1502,7 @@ static time_t gregday(int year, int month, int day)
     pyear = gyear - 1;
     ndays = (pyear/4) - (pyear/100) + (pyear/400) + pyear*365 + 366;
   }
-  /* number of days in all months preceeding month */
+  /* number of days in all months preceding month */
   for (m = 1; m < month; m++)
     ndays += mdays[m];
   /* Extra day if leap year and March or later */
@@ -1831,7 +1831,10 @@ erts_demonitor_time_offset(Eterm ref)
     ErtsMonitor *mon;
     ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ref));
     erts_smp_mtx_lock(&erts_get_time_mtx);
-    mon = erts_remove_monitor(&time_offset_monitors, ref);
+    if (is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref))
+        mon = erts_remove_monitor(&time_offset_monitors, ref);
+    else
+        mon = NULL;
     if (!mon)
 	res = 0;
     else {
@@ -1848,7 +1851,7 @@ erts_demonitor_time_offset(Eterm ref)
 typedef struct {
     Eterm pid;
     Eterm ref;
-    Eterm heap[REF_THING_SIZE];
+    Eterm heap[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];
 } ErtsTimeOffsetMonitorInfo;
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -1869,11 +1872,11 @@ save_time_offset_monitor(ErtsMonitor *mon, void *vcntxt)
     cntxt->to_mon_info[mix].pid = mon->u.pid;
     to_hp = &cntxt->to_mon_info[mix].heap[0];
 
-    ASSERT(is_internal_ref(mon->ref));
+    ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(mon->ref));
     from_hp = internal_ref_val(mon->ref);
-    ASSERT(thing_arityval(*from_hp) + 1 == REF_THING_SIZE);
+    ASSERT(thing_arityval(*from_hp) + 1 == ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE);
 
-    for (hix = 0; hix < REF_THING_SIZE; hix++)
+    for (hix = 0; hix < ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE; hix++)
 	to_hp[hix] = from_hp[hix];
 
     cntxt->to_mon_info[mix].ref
@@ -1933,7 +1936,7 @@ send_time_offset_changed_notifications(void *new_offsetp)
 	hp = (Eterm *) (tmp + no_monitors*sizeof(ErtsTimeOffsetMonitorInfo));
 
 	hsz = 6; /* 5-tuple */
-	hsz += REF_THING_SIZE;
+	hsz += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
 	hsz += ERTS_SINT64_HEAP_SIZE(new_offset);
 
 	if (IS_SSMALL(new_offset))
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_unicode.c b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_unicode.c
index 3167ca5eef..01629db9ad 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_unicode.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_unicode.c
@@ -130,13 +130,9 @@ static int cleanup_restart_context_bin(Binary *bp)
     return 1;
 }
 
-static RestartContext *get_rc_from_bin(Eterm bin)
+static RestartContext *get_rc_from_bin(Eterm mref)
 {
-    Binary *mbp;
-    ASSERT(ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(bin));
-
-    mbp = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(bin))->val;
-
+    Binary *mbp = erts_magic_ref2bin(mref);
     ASSERT(ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(mbp)
 	   == cleanup_restart_context_bin);
     return (RestartContext *) ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DATA(mbp);    
@@ -149,8 +145,8 @@ static Eterm make_magic_bin_for_restart(Process *p, RestartContext *rc)
     RestartContext *restartp = ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DATA(mbp);
     Eterm *hp;
     memcpy(restartp,rc,sizeof(RestartContext));
-    hp = HAlloc(p, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-    return erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(p), mbp);
+    hp = HAlloc(p, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+    return erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(p), mbp);
 }
 
 	
@@ -1891,74 +1887,57 @@ binary_to_atom(Process* proc, Eterm bin, Eterm enc, int must_exist)
     byte* bytes;
     byte *temp_alloc = NULL;
     Uint bin_size;
+    Eterm a;
 
     if ((bytes = erts_get_aligned_binary_bytes(bin, &temp_alloc)) == 0) {
 	BIF_ERROR(proc, BADARG);
     }
     bin_size = binary_size(bin);
+
     if (enc == am_latin1) {
-	Eterm a;
-	if (bin_size > MAX_ATOM_CHARACTERS) {
-	system_limit:
-	    erts_free_aligned_binary_bytes(temp_alloc);
-	    BIF_ERROR(proc, SYSTEM_LIMIT);
-	}
 	if (!must_exist) {
-	    a = erts_atom_put((byte *) bytes,
-			      bin_size,
-			      ERTS_ATOM_ENC_LATIN1,
-			      0);
-    	    erts_free_aligned_binary_bytes(temp_alloc);
-	    if (is_non_value(a))
-		goto badarg;
-	    BIF_RET(a);
-	} else if (erts_atom_get((char *)bytes, bin_size, &a, ERTS_ATOM_ENC_LATIN1)) {
-	    erts_free_aligned_binary_bytes(temp_alloc);
-	    BIF_RET(a);
-	} else {
+	    int lix = erts_atom_put_index((byte *) bytes,
+					  bin_size,
+					  ERTS_ATOM_ENC_LATIN1,
+					  0);
+	    if (lix == ATOM_BAD_ENCODING_ERROR) {
+	    badarg:
+		erts_free_aligned_binary_bytes(temp_alloc);
+		BIF_ERROR(proc, BADARG);
+	    } else if (lix == ATOM_MAX_CHARS_ERROR) {
+	    system_limit:
+		erts_free_aligned_binary_bytes(temp_alloc);
+		BIF_ERROR(proc, SYSTEM_LIMIT);
+	    }
+
+	    a = make_atom(lix);
+	} else if (!erts_atom_get((char *)bytes, bin_size, &a, ERTS_ATOM_ENC_LATIN1)) {
 	    goto badarg;
 	}
-    } else if (enc == am_utf8 || enc == am_unicode) {
-	Eterm res;
-	Uint num_chars = 0;
-	const byte* p = bytes;
-	Uint left = bin_size;
 
-	while (left) {
-	    if (++num_chars > MAX_ATOM_CHARACTERS) {
+    } else if (enc == am_utf8 || enc == am_unicode) {
+	if (!must_exist) {
+	    int uix = erts_atom_put_index((byte *) bytes,
+					  bin_size,
+					  ERTS_ATOM_ENC_UTF8,
+					  0);
+	    if (uix == ATOM_BAD_ENCODING_ERROR) {
+		goto badarg;
+	    } else if (uix == ATOM_MAX_CHARS_ERROR) {
 		goto system_limit;
 	    }
-	    if ((p[0] & 0x80) == 0) {
-		++p;
-		--left;
-	    }
-	    else if (left >= 2
-		     && (p[0] & 0xFE) == 0xC2 /* only allow latin1 subset */
-		     && (p[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
-		p += 2;
-		left -= 2;
-	    }
-	    else goto badarg;
-	}
 
-	if (!must_exist) {
-	    res = erts_atom_put((byte *) bytes,
-				bin_size,
-				ERTS_ATOM_ENC_UTF8,
-				0);
+	    a = make_atom(uix);
 	}
-	else if (!erts_atom_get((char*)bytes, bin_size, &res, ERTS_ATOM_ENC_UTF8)) {
+	else if (!erts_atom_get((char*)bytes, bin_size, &a, ERTS_ATOM_ENC_UTF8)) {
 	    goto badarg;
 	}
-	erts_free_aligned_binary_bytes(temp_alloc);
-	if (is_non_value(res))
-	    goto badarg;
-	BIF_RET(res);
     } else {
-    badarg:
-	erts_free_aligned_binary_bytes(temp_alloc);
-	BIF_ERROR(proc, BADARG);
+	goto badarg;
     }
+
+    erts_free_aligned_binary_bytes(temp_alloc);
+    BIF_RET(a);
 }
 
 BIF_RETTYPE binary_to_atom_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_utils.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_utils.h
index 81800752f0..47289a0af1 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_utils.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_utils.h
@@ -117,7 +117,6 @@ int erts_fit_in_bits_int32(Sint32);
 int erts_fit_in_bits_uint(Uint);
 Sint erts_list_length(Eterm);
 int erts_is_builtin(Eterm, Eterm, int);
-Uint32 make_broken_hash(Eterm);
 Uint32 block_hash(byte *, unsigned, Uint32);
 Uint32 make_hash2(Eterm);
 Uint32 make_hash(Eterm);
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_vm.h b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_vm.h
index d88cafc5bf..5366ee3644 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/erl_vm.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/erl_vm.h
@@ -110,8 +110,21 @@
 #define HeapWordsLeft(p) (HEAP_LIMIT(p) - HEAP_TOP(p))
 
 #if defined(DEBUG) || defined(CHECK_FOR_HOLES)
-# define ERTS_HOLE_MARKER (((0xdeadbeef << 24) << 8) | 0xdeadbeef)
-#endif /* egil: 32-bit ? */
+
+/*
+ * ERTS_HOLE_MARKER must *not* be mistaken for a valid term
+ * on the heap...
+ */
+#  ifdef ARCH_64
+#    define ERTS_HOLE_MARKER \
+    make_catch(UWORD_CONSTANT(0xdeadbeaf00000000) >> _TAG_IMMED2_SIZE)
+/* Will (at the time of writing) appear as 0xdeadbeaf0000001b */
+#  else
+#    define ERTS_HOLE_MARKER \
+    make_catch(UWORD_CONSTANT(0xdead0000) >> _TAG_IMMED2_SIZE)
+/* Will (at the time of writing) appear as 0xdead001b */
+#  endif
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Allocate heap memory on the ordinary heap, NEVER in a heap
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/external.c b/erts/emulator/beam/external.c
index cb3486fde2..205a7711ec 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/external.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/external.c
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ erts_make_dist_ext_copy(ErtsDistExternal *edep, Uint xsize)
     sys_memcpy((void *) ep, (void *) edep, dist_ext_sz);
     ep += dist_ext_sz;
     if (new_edep->dep)
-	erts_refc_inc(&new_edep->dep->refc, 1);
+	erts_smp_refc_inc(&new_edep->dep->refc, 1);
     new_edep->extp = ep;
     new_edep->ext_endp = ep + ext_sz;
     new_edep->heap_size = -1;
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ static BIF_RETTYPE term_to_binary_trap_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
     Eterm *tp = tuple_val(BIF_ARG_1);
     Eterm Term = tp[1];
     Eterm bt = tp[2];
-    Binary *bin = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(bt))->val;
+    Binary *bin = erts_magic_ref2bin(bt);
     Eterm res = erts_term_to_binary_int(BIF_P, Term, 0, 0,bin);
     if (is_tuple(res)) {
 	ASSERT(BIF_P->flags & F_DISABLE_GC);
@@ -1222,6 +1222,7 @@ typedef struct B2TContext_t {
     } u;
 } B2TContext;
 
+static B2TContext* b2t_export_context(Process*, B2TContext* src);
 
 static uLongf binary2term_uncomp_size(byte* data, Sint size)
 {
@@ -1254,7 +1255,7 @@ static uLongf binary2term_uncomp_size(byte* data, Sint size)
 
 static ERTS_INLINE int
 binary2term_prepare(ErtsBinary2TermState *state, byte *data, Sint data_size,
-		    B2TContext* ctx)
+		    B2TContext** ctxp, Process* p)
 {
     byte *bytes = data;
     Sint size = data_size;
@@ -1268,8 +1269,8 @@ binary2term_prepare(ErtsBinary2TermState *state, byte *data, Sint data_size,
     size--;
     if (size < 5 || *bytes != COMPRESSED) {
 	state->extp = bytes;
-        if (ctx)
-	    ctx->state = B2TSizeInit;
+        if (ctxp)
+	    (*ctxp)->state = B2TSizeInit;
     }
     else  {
 	uLongf dest_len = (Uint32) get_int32(bytes+1);
@@ -1286,16 +1287,26 @@ binary2term_prepare(ErtsBinary2TermState *state, byte *data, Sint data_size,
                 return -1;
 	    }
 	    state->extp = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_EXT_TERM_DATA, dest_len);
-            ctx->reds -= dest_len;
+            if (ctxp)
+                (*ctxp)->reds -= dest_len;
 	}
 	state->exttmp = 1;
-        if (ctx) {
+        if (ctxp) {
+            /*
+             * Start decompression by exporting trap context
+             * so we don't have to deal with deep-copying z_stream.
+             */
+            B2TContext* ctx = b2t_export_context(p, *ctxp);
+            ASSERT(state = &(*ctxp)->b2ts);
+            state = &ctx->b2ts;
+
 	    if (erl_zlib_inflate_start(&ctx->u.uc.stream, bytes, size) != Z_OK)
 		return -1;
 
 	    ctx->u.uc.dbytes = state->extp;
 	    ctx->u.uc.dleft = dest_len;
 	    ctx->state = B2TUncompressChunk;
+            *ctxp = ctx;
         }
 	else {
 	    uLongf dlen = dest_len;
@@ -1339,7 +1350,7 @@ erts_binary2term_prepare(ErtsBinary2TermState *state, byte *data, Sint data_size
 {
     Sint res;
 
-    if (binary2term_prepare(state, data, data_size, NULL) < 0 ||
+    if (binary2term_prepare(state, data, data_size, NULL, NULL) < 0 ||
         (res=decoded_size(state->extp, state->extp + state->extsize, 0, NULL)) < 0) {
 
         if (state->exttmp)
@@ -1398,7 +1409,7 @@ static int b2t_context_destructor(Binary *context_bin)
 
 static BIF_RETTYPE binary_to_term_trap_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
 {
-    Binary *context_bin = ((ProcBin *) binary_val(BIF_ARG_1))->val;
+    Binary *context_bin = erts_magic_ref2bin(BIF_ARG_1);
     ASSERT(ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(context_bin) == b2t_context_destructor);
 
     return binary_to_term_int(BIF_P, 0, THE_NON_VALUE, context_bin, NULL,
@@ -1432,8 +1443,8 @@ static B2TContext* b2t_export_context(Process* p, B2TContext* src)
     if (ctx->state >= B2TDecode && ctx->u.dc.next == &src->u.dc.res) {
         ctx->u.dc.next = &ctx->u.dc.res;
     }
-    hp = HAlloc(p, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-    ctx->trap_bin = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(p), context_b);
+    hp = HAlloc(p, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+    ctx->trap_bin = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(p), context_b);
     return ctx;
 }
 
@@ -1486,7 +1497,7 @@ static BIF_RETTYPE binary_to_term_int(Process* p, Uint32 flags, Eterm bin, Binar
             if (ctx->aligned_alloc) {
                 ctx->reds -= bin_size / 8;
             }
-            if (binary2term_prepare(&ctx->b2ts, bytes, bin_size, ctx) < 0) {
+            if (binary2term_prepare(&ctx->b2ts, bytes, bin_size, &ctx, p) < 0) {
 		ctx->state = B2TBadArg;
 	    }
             break;
@@ -1862,8 +1873,8 @@ static Eterm erts_term_to_binary_int(Process* p, Eterm Term, int level, Uint fla
 
 #define RETURN_STATE()							\
     do {								\
-	hp = HAlloc(p, PROC_BIN_SIZE+3);				\
-	c_term = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(p), context_b);	\
+	hp = HAlloc(p, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE+3);                    \
+	c_term = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(p), context_b);            \
 	res = TUPLE2(hp, Term, c_term);					\
 	BUMP_ALL_REDS(p);                                               \
 	return res;							\
@@ -2570,7 +2581,9 @@ enc_term_int(TTBEncodeContext* ctx, ErtsAtomCacheMap *acmp, Eterm obj, byte* ep,
 
 	    ASSERT(dflags & DFLAG_EXTENDED_REFERENCES);
 
-	    i = ref_no_of_numbers(obj);
+	    erts_magic_ref_save_bin(obj);
+
+	    i = ref_no_numbers(obj);
 	    put_int16(i, ep);
 	    ep += 2;
 	    ep = enc_atom(acmp, sysname, ep, dflags);
@@ -3426,26 +3439,35 @@ dec_term_atom_common:
 		r0 = get_int32(ep); /* allow full word */
 		ep += 4;
 
-	    ref_ext_common:
+	    ref_ext_common: {
+		ErtsORefThing *rtp;
+
 		if (ref_words > ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS)
 		    goto error;
 
 		node = dec_get_node(sysname, cre);
 		if(node == erts_this_node) {
-		    RefThing *rtp = (RefThing *) hp;
-		    ref_num = (Uint32 *) (hp + REF_THING_HEAD_SIZE);
+	
+		    rtp = (ErtsORefThing *) hp;
+		    ref_num = &rtp->num[0];
+		    if (ref_words != ERTS_REF_NUMBERS) {
+                        int i;
+                        if (ref_words > ERTS_REF_NUMBERS)
+                            goto error; /* Not a ref that we created... */
+                        for (i = ref_words; i < ERTS_REF_NUMBERS; i++)
+                            ref_num[i] = 0;
+		    }
 
-#if defined(ARCH_64)
-		    hp += REF_THING_HEAD_SIZE + ref_words/2 + 1;
-		    rtp->header = make_ref_thing_header(ref_words/2 + 1);
-#else
-		    hp += REF_THING_HEAD_SIZE + ref_words;
-		    rtp->header = make_ref_thing_header(ref_words);
+#ifdef ERTS_ORDINARY_REF_MARKER
+		    rtp->marker = ERTS_ORDINARY_REF_MARKER;
 #endif
+		    hp += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
+		    rtp->header = ERTS_REF_THING_HEADER;
 		    *objp = make_internal_ref(rtp);
 		}
 		else {
 		    ExternalThing *etp = (ExternalThing *) hp;
+		    rtp = NULL;
 #if defined(ARCH_64)
 		    hp += EXTERNAL_THING_HEAD_SIZE + ref_words/2 + 1;
 #else
@@ -3463,12 +3485,13 @@ dec_term_atom_common:
 		    factory->off_heap->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*)etp;
 		    *objp = make_external_ref(etp);
 		    ref_num = &(etp->data.ui32[0]);
-		}
-
 #if defined(ARCH_64)
-		*(ref_num++) = ref_words /* 32-bit arity */;
+		    *(ref_num++) = ref_words /* 32-bit arity */;
 #endif
+		}
+
 		ref_num[0] = r0;
+
 		for(i = 1; i < ref_words; i++) {
 		    ref_num[i] = get_int32(ep);
 		    ep += 4;
@@ -3477,8 +3500,26 @@ dec_term_atom_common:
 		if ((1 + ref_words) % 2)
 		    ref_num[ref_words] = 0;
 #endif
+		if (node == erts_this_node) {
+		    /* Check if it was a magic reference... */
+		    ErtsMagicBinary *mb = erts_magic_ref_lookup_bin(ref_num);
+		    if (mb) {
+			/*
+			 * Was a magic ref; adjust it...
+			 *
+			 * Refc on binary was increased by lookup above...
+			 */
+			ASSERT(rtp);
+			hp = (Eterm *) rtp;
+			write_magic_ref_thing(hp, factory->off_heap, mb);
+                        OH_OVERHEAD(factory->off_heap,
+                                    mb->orig_size / sizeof(Eterm));
+			hp += ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE;
+		    }
+		}
 		break;
 	    }
+	    }
 	case BINARY_EXT:
 	    {
 		n = get_int32(ep);
@@ -4100,7 +4141,7 @@ encode_size_struct_int(TTBSizeContext* ctx, ErtsAtomCacheMap *acmp, Eterm obj,
             /*fall through*/
 	case REF_DEF:
 	    ASSERT(dflags & DFLAG_EXTENDED_REFERENCES);
-	    i = ref_no_of_numbers(obj);
+	    i = ref_no_numbers(obj);
 	    result += (1 + 2 + encode_size_struct2(acmp, ref_node_name(obj), dflags) +
 		       1 + 4*i);
 	    break;
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/global.h b/erts/emulator/beam/global.h
index 511e357d14..d4a1225bdd 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/global.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/global.h
@@ -43,9 +43,15 @@
 #include "erl_port.h"
 #include "erl_gc.h"
 #include "erl_nif.h"
+#define ERTS_BINARY_TYPES_ONLY__
+#include "erl_binary.h"
+#undef ERTS_BINARY_TYPES_ONLY__
 
 struct enif_func_t;
 
+#ifdef  DEBUG
+#  define ERTS_NIF_ASSERT_IN_ENV
+#endif
 struct enif_environment_t /* ErlNifEnv */
 {
     struct erl_module_nif* mod_nif;
@@ -58,6 +64,10 @@ struct enif_environment_t /* ErlNifEnv */
     int exception_thrown; /* boolean */
     Process *tracee;
     int exiting; /* boolean (dirty nifs might return in exiting state) */
+
+#ifdef ERTS_NIF_ASSERT_IN_ENV
+    int dbg_disable_assert_in_env;
+#endif
 };
 struct enif_resource_type_t
 {
@@ -98,7 +108,7 @@ typedef struct ErtsResource_
 }ErtsResource;
 
 #define DATA_TO_RESOURCE(PTR) ErtsContainerStruct(PTR, ErtsResource, data)
-#define erts_resource_ref_size(P) PROC_BIN_SIZE
+#define erts_resource_ref_size(P) ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE
 
 extern Eterm erts_bld_resource_ref(Eterm** hp, ErlOffHeap*, ErtsResource*);
 
@@ -165,7 +175,7 @@ typedef struct de_proc_entry {
 			                PROC_AWAIT_LOAD == Wants to be notified when we
 			                reloaded the driver (old was locked) */
     Uint    flags;                   /* ERL_FL_DE_DEREFERENCED when reload in progress */
-    Eterm   heap[REF_THING_SIZE];    /* "ref heap" */
+    Eterm   heap[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];    /* "ref heap" */
     struct  de_proc_entry *next;
 } DE_ProcEntry;
 
@@ -173,7 +183,7 @@ typedef struct {
     void         *handle;             /* Handle for DLL or SO (for dyn. drivers). */
     DE_ProcEntry *procs;              /* List of pids that have loaded this driver,
 				         or that wait for it to change state */
-    erts_refc_t  refc;                /* Number of ports/processes having
+    erts_smp_refc_t  refc;                /* Number of ports/processes having
 					 references to the driver */
     erts_smp_atomic32_t port_count;   /* Number of ports using the driver */
     Uint         flags;               /* ERL_DE_FL_KILL_PORTS */
@@ -253,116 +263,6 @@ extern Eterm erts_ddll_monitor_driver(Process *p,
 				      ErtsProcLocks plocks);
 
 /*
-** Just like the driver binary but with initial flags
-** Note that the two structures Binary and ErlDrvBinary HAVE to
-** be equal except for extra fields in the beginning of the struct.
-** ErlDrvBinary is defined in erl_driver.h.
-** When driver_alloc_binary is called, a Binary is allocated, but 
-** the pointer returned is to the address of the first element that
-** also occurs in the ErlDrvBinary struct (driver.*binary takes care if this).
-** The driver need never know about additions to the internal Binary of the
-** emulator. One should however NEVER be sloppy when mixing ErlDrvBinary
-** and Binary, the macros below can convert one type to the other, as they both
-** in reality are equal.
-*/
-
-#ifdef ARCH_32
- /* *DO NOT USE* only for alignment. */
-#define ERTS_BINARY_STRUCT_ALIGNMENT Uint32 align__;
-#else
-#define ERTS_BINARY_STRUCT_ALIGNMENT
-#endif
-
-/* Add fields in ERTS_INTERNAL_BINARY_FIELDS, otherwise the drivers crash */
-#define ERTS_INTERNAL_BINARY_FIELDS				\
-    UWord flags;							\
-    erts_refc_t refc;						\
-    ERTS_BINARY_STRUCT_ALIGNMENT
-
-typedef struct binary {
-    ERTS_INTERNAL_BINARY_FIELDS
-    SWord orig_size;
-    char orig_bytes[1]; /* to be continued */
-} Binary;
-
-#define ERTS_SIZEOF_Binary(Sz) \
-    (offsetof(Binary,orig_bytes) + (Sz))
-
-typedef struct {
-    ERTS_INTERNAL_BINARY_FIELDS
-    SWord orig_size;
-    int (*destructor)(Binary *);
-    union {
-        struct {
-            ERTS_BINARY_STRUCT_ALIGNMENT
-            char data[1];
-        } aligned;
-        struct {
-            char data[1];
-        } unaligned;
-    } u;
-} ErtsMagicBinary;
-
-#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_BYTES_TO_ALIGN \
-  (offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.aligned.data) - \
-   offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.unaligned.data))
-
-typedef union {
-    Binary binary;
-    ErtsMagicBinary magic_binary;
-    struct {
-	ERTS_INTERNAL_BINARY_FIELDS
-	ErlDrvBinary binary;
-    } driver;
-} ErtsBinary;
-
-/*
- * 'Binary' alignment:
- *   Address of orig_bytes[0] of a Binary should always be 8-byte aligned.
- * It is assumed that the flags, refc, and orig_size fields are 4 bytes on
- * 32-bits architectures and 8 bytes on 64-bits architectures.
- */
-
-#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DESTRUCTOR(BP) \
-  ((ErtsBinary *) (BP))->magic_binary.destructor
-#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_DATA(BP) \
-  ((void *) ((ErtsBinary *) (BP))->magic_binary.u.aligned.data)
-#define ERTS_MAGIC_DATA_OFFSET \
-  (offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.aligned.data) - offsetof(Binary,orig_bytes))
-#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_ORIG_SIZE(Sz) \
-  (ERTS_MAGIC_DATA_OFFSET + (Sz))
-#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_SIZE(Sz) \
-  (offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.aligned.data) + (Sz))
-
-/* On 32-bit arch these macro variants will save memory
-   by not forcing 8-byte alignment for the magic payload.
-*/
-#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_DATA(BP) \
-  ((void *) ((ErtsBinary *) (BP))->magic_binary.u.unaligned.data)
-#define ERTS_MAGIC_UNALIGNED_DATA_OFFSET \
-  (offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.unaligned.data) - offsetof(Binary,orig_bytes))
-#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_DATA_SIZE(BP) \
-  ((BP)->orig_size - ERTS_MAGIC_UNALIGNED_DATA_OFFSET)
-#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_ORIG_SIZE(Sz) \
-  (ERTS_MAGIC_UNALIGNED_DATA_OFFSET + (Sz))
-#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_UNALIGNED_SIZE(Sz) \
-  (offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.unaligned.data) + (Sz))
-#define ERTS_MAGIC_BIN_FROM_UNALIGNED_DATA(DATA) \
-  ((ErtsBinary*)((char*)(DATA) - offsetof(ErtsMagicBinary,u.unaligned.data)))
-
-
-#define Binary2ErlDrvBinary(B) (&((ErtsBinary *) (B))->driver.binary)
-#define ErlDrvBinary2Binary(D) ((Binary *) \
-				(((char *) (D)) \
-				 - offsetof(ErtsBinary, driver.binary)))
-
-/* A "magic" binary flag */
-#define BIN_FLAG_MAGIC      1
-#define BIN_FLAG_USR1       2 /* Reserved for use by different modules too mark */
-#define BIN_FLAG_USR2       4 /*  certain binaries as special (used by ets) */
-#define BIN_FLAG_DRV        8
-
-/*
  * This structure represents one type of a binary in a process.
  */
 
@@ -383,46 +283,12 @@ typedef struct proc_bin {
  */
 #define PROC_BIN_SIZE (sizeof(ProcBin)/sizeof(Eterm))
 
-ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm erts_mk_magic_binary_term(Eterm **hpp,
-						ErlOffHeap *ohp,
-						Binary *mbp);
-
-#if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF
-
-ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm
-erts_mk_magic_binary_term(Eterm **hpp, ErlOffHeap *ohp, Binary *mbp)
-{
-    ProcBin *pb = (ProcBin *) *hpp;
-    *hpp += PROC_BIN_SIZE;
-
-    ASSERT(mbp->flags & BIN_FLAG_MAGIC);
-
-    pb->thing_word = HEADER_PROC_BIN;
-    pb->size = 0;
-    pb->next = ohp->first;
-    ohp->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*) pb;
-    pb->val = mbp;
-    pb->bytes = (byte *) mbp->orig_bytes;
-    pb->flags = 0;
-
-    erts_refc_inc(&mbp->refc, 1);
-
-    return make_binary(pb);    
-}
-
-#endif
-
-#define ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(T) \
-  (is_binary((T)) \
-   && (thing_subtag(*binary_val((T))) == REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG) \
-   && (((ProcBin *) binary_val((T)))->val->flags & BIN_FLAG_MAGIC))
-
-
 union erl_off_heap_ptr {
     struct erl_off_heap_header* hdr;
     ProcBin *pb;
     struct erl_fun_thing* fun;
     struct external_thing_* ext;
+    ErtsMRefThing *mref;
     Eterm* ep;
     void* voidp;
 };
@@ -1015,21 +881,6 @@ void erts_bif_info_init(void);
 
 /* bif.c */
 
-ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm
-erts_proc_store_ref(Process *c_p, Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS]);
-
-#if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF
-
-ERTS_GLB_INLINE Eterm
-erts_proc_store_ref(Process *c_p, Uint32 ref[ERTS_MAX_REF_NUMBERS])
-{
-    Eterm *hp = HAlloc(c_p, REF_THING_SIZE);
-    write_ref_thing(hp, ref[0], ref[1], ref[2]);
-    return make_internal_ref(hp);
-}
-
-#endif
-
 void erts_queue_monitor_message(Process *,
 				ErtsProcLocks*,
 				Eterm,
@@ -1114,6 +965,9 @@ void print_process_info(fmtfn_t, void *, Process*);
 void info(fmtfn_t, void *);
 void loaded(fmtfn_t, void *);
 
+/* sighandler sys.c */
+int erts_set_signal(Eterm signal, Eterm type);
+
 /* erl_arith.c */
 double erts_get_positive_zero_float(void);
 
@@ -1418,6 +1272,7 @@ int erts_utf8_to_latin1(byte* dest, const byte* source, int slen);
 
 void bin_write(fmtfn_t, void*, byte*, size_t);
 Sint intlist_to_buf(Eterm, char*, Sint); /* most callers pass plain char*'s */
+Sint erts_unicode_list_to_buf(Eterm list, byte *buf, Sint len);
 
 struct Sint_buf {
 #if defined(ARCH_64)
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/io.c b/erts/emulator/beam/io.c
index 7fa0280396..9b525cc100 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/io.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/io.c
@@ -1445,7 +1445,7 @@ finalize_force_imm_drv_call(ErtsTryImmDrvCallState *sp)
     erts_unblock_fpe(sp->fpe_was_unmasked);
 }
 
-#define ERTS_QUEUE_PORT_SCHED_OP_REPLY_SIZE (REF_THING_SIZE + 3)
+#define ERTS_QUEUE_PORT_SCHED_OP_REPLY_SIZE (ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE + 3)
 
 static ERTS_INLINE void
 queue_port_sched_op_reply(Process *rp,
@@ -1460,7 +1460,7 @@ queue_port_sched_op_reply(Process *rp,
 
     ref= make_internal_ref(hp);
     write_ref_thing(hp, ref_num[0], ref_num[1], ref_num[2]);
-    hp += REF_THING_SIZE;
+    hp += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
 
     msg = TUPLE2(hp, ref, msg);
 
@@ -3099,7 +3099,7 @@ port_monitor(Port *prt, erts_aint32_t state, Eterm origin,
 
     ASSERT(is_pid(origin));
     ASSERT(is_atom(name) || is_port(name) || name == NIL);
-    ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ref));
+    ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref));
 
     if (!(state & ERTS_PORT_SFLGS_INVALID_LOOKUP)) {
         ErtsProcLocks p_locks = ERTS_PROC_LOCK_LINK;
@@ -3124,7 +3124,7 @@ static int
 port_sig_monitor(Port *prt, erts_aint32_t state, int op,
                  ErtsProc2PortSigData *sigdp)
 {
-    Eterm hp[REF_THING_SIZE];
+    Eterm hp[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];
     Eterm ref = make_internal_ref(&hp);
     write_ref_thing(hp, sigdp->ref[0], sigdp->ref[1], sigdp->ref[2]);
 
@@ -3245,7 +3245,7 @@ static int
 port_sig_demonitor(Port *prt, erts_aint32_t state, int op,
                    ErtsProc2PortSigData *sigdp)
 {
-    Eterm hp[REF_THING_SIZE];
+    Eterm hp[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];
     Eterm ref = make_internal_ref(&hp);
     write_ref_thing(hp, sigdp->u.demonitor.ref[0],
                     sigdp->u.demonitor.ref[1],
@@ -3302,10 +3302,10 @@ ErtsPortOpResult erts_port_demonitor(Process *origin, ErtsDemonitorMode mode,
     sigdp->u.demonitor.origin = origin->common.id;
     sigdp->u.demonitor.name = target->common.id;
     {
-        RefThing *reft = ref_thing_ptr(ref);
+	Uint32 *nums = internal_ref_numbers(ref);
         /* Start from 1 skip ref arity */
         sys_memcpy(sigdp->u.demonitor.ref,
-                   internal_thing_ref_numbers(reft),
+		   nums,
                    sizeof(sigdp->u.demonitor.ref));
     }
 
@@ -3431,7 +3431,7 @@ void erts_init_io(int port_tab_size,
 			 NULL,
 			 (ErtsPTabElementCommon *) &erts_invalid_port.common,
 			 port_tab_size,
-			 common_element_size, /* Doesn't need to be excact */
+			 common_element_size, /* Doesn't need to be exact */
 			 "port_table",
 			 legacy_port_tab,
 			 1);
@@ -5413,7 +5413,7 @@ reply_io_bytes(void *vreq)
 	    rp_locks = ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MAIN;
 	}
 
-	hsz = 5 /* 4-tuple */ + REF_THING_SIZE;
+	hsz = 5 /* 4-tuple */ + ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
 
 	erts_bld_uint64(NULL, &hsz, in);
 	erts_bld_uint64(NULL, &hsz, out);
@@ -5422,7 +5422,7 @@ reply_io_bytes(void *vreq)
 
 	ref = make_internal_ref(hp);
 	write_ref_thing(hp, req->refn[0], req->refn[1], req->refn[2]);
-	hp += REF_THING_SIZE;
+	hp += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
 
 	ein = erts_bld_uint64(&hp, NULL, in);
 	eout = erts_bld_uint64(&hp, NULL, out);
@@ -5451,7 +5451,7 @@ erts_request_io_bytes(Process *c_p)
     ErtsIOBytesReq *req = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_IOB_REQ,
 				     sizeof(ErtsIOBytesReq));
 
-    hp = HAlloc(c_p, REF_THING_SIZE);
+    hp = HAlloc(c_p, ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE);
     ref = erts_sched_make_ref_in_buffer(esdp, hp);
     refn = internal_ref_numbers(ref);
 
@@ -6888,12 +6888,6 @@ ErlDrvSizeT driver_vec_to_buf(ErlIOVec *vec, char *buf, ErlDrvSizeT len)
     return (orig_len - len);
 }
 
-
-/*
- * - driver_alloc_binary() is thread safe (efile driver depend on it).
- * - driver_realloc_binary(), and driver_free_binary() are *not* thread safe.
- */
-
 /*
  * reference count on driver binaries...
  */
@@ -6936,26 +6930,15 @@ driver_alloc_binary(ErlDrvSizeT size)
     return Binary2ErlDrvBinary(bin);
 }
 
-/* Reallocate space hold by binary */
+/* Reallocate space held by binary */
 
 ErlDrvBinary* driver_realloc_binary(ErlDrvBinary* bin, ErlDrvSizeT size)
 {
     Binary* oldbin;
     Binary* newbin;
 
-    if (!bin) {
-	erts_dsprintf_buf_t *dsbufp = erts_create_logger_dsbuf();
-	erts_dsprintf(dsbufp,
-		      "Bad use of driver_realloc_binary(%p, %lu): "
-		      "called with ",
-		      bin, (unsigned long)size);
-	if (!bin) {
-	    erts_dsprintf(dsbufp, "NULL pointer as first argument");
-	}
-	erts_send_warning_to_logger_nogl(dsbufp);
-	if (!bin)
-	    return driver_alloc_binary(size);
-    }
+    if (!bin)
+	return driver_alloc_binary(size);
 
     oldbin = ErlDrvBinary2Binary(bin);
     newbin = (Binary *) erts_bin_realloc_fnf(oldbin, size);
@@ -6969,14 +6952,8 @@ ErlDrvBinary* driver_realloc_binary(ErlDrvBinary* bin, ErlDrvSizeT size)
 void driver_free_binary(ErlDrvBinary* dbin)
 {
     Binary *bin;
-    if (!dbin) {
-	erts_dsprintf_buf_t *dsbufp = erts_create_logger_dsbuf();
-	erts_dsprintf(dsbufp,
-		      "Bad use of driver_free_binary(%p): called with "
-		      "NULL pointer as argument", dbin);
-	erts_send_warning_to_logger_nogl(dsbufp);
+    if (!dbin)
 	return;
-    }
 
     bin = ErlDrvBinary2Binary(dbin);
     if (erts_refc_dectest(&bin->refc, 0) == 0)
@@ -7632,20 +7609,27 @@ erl_drv_convert_time_unit(ErlDrvTime val,
 
 void erts_ref_to_driver_monitor(Eterm ref, ErlDrvMonitor *mon)
 {
-    RefThing *refp;
-    ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ref));
-    ERTS_CT_ASSERT(sizeof(RefThing) <= sizeof(ErlDrvMonitor));
-    refp = ref_thing_ptr(ref);
-    memset(mon,0,sizeof(ErlDrvMonitor));
-    memcpy(mon,refp,sizeof(RefThing));
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT(ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE*sizeof(Uint) <= sizeof(ErlDrvMonitor));
+    ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref));
+    sys_memcpy((void *) mon, (void *) internal_ref_val(ref),
+               ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE*sizeof(Uint));
 }
 
+static Eterm driver_monitor_to_ref(Eterm *hp, const ErlDrvMonitor *mon)
+{
+    Eterm ref;
+    ERTS_CT_ASSERT(ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE*sizeof(Uint) <= sizeof(ErlDrvMonitor));
+    sys_memcpy((void *) hp, (void *) mon, ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE*sizeof(Uint));
+    ref = make_internal_ref(hp);
+    ASSERT(is_internal_ordinary_ref(ref));
+    return ref;
+}
 
 static int do_driver_monitor_process(Port *prt,
-				     Eterm *buf,
 				     ErlDrvTermData process,
 				     ErlDrvMonitor *monitor)
 {
+    Eterm buf[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];
     Process *rp;
     Eterm ref;
 
@@ -7688,26 +7672,21 @@ int driver_monitor_process(ErlDrvPort drvport,
     /* Now (in SMP) we should have either the port lock (if we have a scheduler) or the port data lock
        (if we're a driver thread) */
     ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT((sched != NULL || prt->port_data_lock));
-    {
-	DeclareTmpHeapNoproc(buf,REF_THING_SIZE);
-	UseTmpHeapNoproc(REF_THING_SIZE);
-	ret = do_driver_monitor_process(prt,buf,process,monitor);
-	UnUseTmpHeapNoproc(REF_THING_SIZE);
-    }
+    ret = do_driver_monitor_process(prt,process,monitor);
     DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(prt);
     return ret;
 }
 
-static int do_driver_demonitor_process(Port *prt, Eterm *buf,
-				       const ErlDrvMonitor *monitor)
+static int do_driver_demonitor_process(Port *prt, const ErlDrvMonitor *monitor)
 {
+    Eterm heap[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];
     Process *rp;
     Eterm ref;
     ErtsMonitor *mon;
     Eterm to;
 
-    memcpy(buf,monitor,sizeof(Eterm)*REF_THING_SIZE);
-    ref = make_internal_ref(buf);
+    ref = driver_monitor_to_ref(heap, monitor);
+
     mon = erts_lookup_monitor(ERTS_P_MONITORS(prt), ref);
     if (mon == NULL) {
 	return 1;
@@ -7751,25 +7730,20 @@ int driver_demonitor_process(ErlDrvPort drvport,
     /* Now we should have either the port lock (if we have a scheduler) or the port data lock
        (if we're a driver thread) */
     ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT((sched != NULL || prt->port_data_lock));
-    {
-	DeclareTmpHeapNoproc(buf,REF_THING_SIZE);
-	UseTmpHeapNoproc(REF_THING_SIZE);
-	ret = do_driver_demonitor_process(prt,buf,monitor);
-	UnUseTmpHeapNoproc(REF_THING_SIZE);
-    }
+    ret = do_driver_demonitor_process(prt,monitor);
     DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(prt);
     return ret;
 }
 
-static ErlDrvTermData do_driver_get_monitored_process(Port *prt, Eterm *buf,
-					    const ErlDrvMonitor *monitor)
+static ErlDrvTermData do_driver_get_monitored_process(Port *prt,const ErlDrvMonitor *monitor)
 {
     Eterm ref;
     ErtsMonitor *mon;
     Eterm to;
+    Eterm heap[ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE];
+
+    ref = driver_monitor_to_ref(heap, monitor);
 
-    memcpy(buf,monitor,sizeof(Eterm)*REF_THING_SIZE);
-    ref = make_internal_ref(buf);
     mon = erts_lookup_monitor(ERTS_P_MONITORS(prt), ref);
     if (mon == NULL) {
 	return driver_term_nil;
@@ -7797,21 +7771,16 @@ ErlDrvTermData driver_get_monitored_process(ErlDrvPort drvport,
     /* Now we should have either the port lock (if we have a scheduler) or the port data lock
        (if we're a driver thread) */
     ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT((sched != NULL || prt->port_data_lock));
-    {
-	DeclareTmpHeapNoproc(buf,REF_THING_SIZE);
-	UseTmpHeapNoproc(REF_THING_SIZE);
-	ret = do_driver_get_monitored_process(prt,buf,monitor);
-	UnUseTmpHeapNoproc(REF_THING_SIZE);
-    }
+    ret = do_driver_get_monitored_process(prt,monitor);
     DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(prt);
     return ret;
 }
 
-
 int driver_compare_monitors(const ErlDrvMonitor *monitor1,
 			    const ErlDrvMonitor *monitor2)
 {
-    return memcmp(monitor1,monitor2,sizeof(ErlDrvMonitor));
+    return sys_memcmp((void *) monitor1, (void *) monitor2,
+                      ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE*sizeof(Eterm));
 }
 
 void erts_fire_port_monitor(Port *prt, Eterm ref)
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/register.c b/erts/emulator/beam/register.c
index acda51c9fc..7f60710124 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/register.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/register.c
@@ -272,13 +272,13 @@ erts_whereis_name_to_id(Process *c_p, Eterm name)
     int ix;
     HashBucket* b;
 #ifdef ERTS_SMP
-    ErtsProcLocks c_p_locks = c_p ? ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MAIN : 0;
-
-#ifdef ERTS_ENABLE_LOCK_CHECK
-    if (c_p) ERTS_SMP_CHK_HAVE_ONLY_MAIN_PROC_LOCK(c_p);
-#endif
-
+    ErtsProcLocks c_p_locks = 0;
+    if (c_p) {
+        c_p_locks = ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MAIN;
+        ERTS_SMP_CHK_HAVE_ONLY_MAIN_PROC_LOCK(c_p);
+    }
     reg_safe_read_lock(c_p, &c_p_locks);
+
     if (c_p && !c_p_locks)
         erts_smp_proc_lock(c_p, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MAIN);
 #endif
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/sys.h b/erts/emulator/beam/sys.h
index 4b3ac594a0..c6ea8049c3 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/sys.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/sys.h
@@ -487,20 +487,6 @@ extern volatile int erts_break_requested;
 void erts_do_break_handling(void);
 #endif
 
-#ifdef ERTS_WANT_GOT_SIGUSR1
-#  ifndef UNIX
-#    define ERTS_GOT_SIGUSR1 0
-#  else
-#    ifdef ERTS_SMP
-extern erts_smp_atomic32_t erts_got_sigusr1;
-#      define ERTS_GOT_SIGUSR1 ((int) erts_smp_atomic32_read_mb(&erts_got_sigusr1))
-#    else
-extern volatile int erts_got_sigusr1;
-#      define ERTS_GOT_SIGUSR1 erts_got_sigusr1
-#    endif
-#  endif
-#endif
-
 #ifdef ERTS_SMP
 extern erts_smp_atomic32_t erts_writing_erl_crash_dump;
 extern erts_tsd_key_t erts_is_crash_dumping_key;
@@ -865,9 +851,12 @@ int erts_sys_unsetenv(char *key);
 char *erts_read_env(char *key);
 void erts_free_read_env(void *value);
 
+#if defined(ERTS_SMP)
 #if defined(ERTS_THR_HAVE_SIG_FUNCS) && !defined(ETHR_UNUSABLE_SIGUSRX)
 extern void sys_thr_resume(erts_tid_t tid);
 extern void sys_thr_suspend(erts_tid_t tid);
+#define ERTS_SYS_SUSPEND_SIGNAL SIGUSR2
+#endif
 #endif
 
 /* utils.c */
@@ -900,10 +889,13 @@ void sys_alloc_stat(SysAllocStat *);
 #define ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
 #endif
 
-typedef erts_smp_atomic_t erts_refc_t;
+typedef erts_atomic_t erts_refc_t;
 
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_refc_init(erts_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t val);
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_refc_inc(erts_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t erts_refc_inc_unless(erts_refc_t *refcp,
+                                                 erts_aint_t unless_val,
+                                                 erts_aint_t min_val);
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t erts_refc_inctest(erts_refc_t *refcp,
 					      erts_aint_t min_val);
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_refc_dec(erts_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val);
@@ -919,27 +911,51 @@ ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t erts_refc_read(erts_refc_t *refcp,
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
 erts_refc_init(erts_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t val)
 {
-    erts_smp_atomic_init_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp, val);
+    erts_atomic_init_nob((erts_atomic_t *) refcp, val);
 }
 
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
 erts_refc_inc(erts_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val)
 {
 #ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
-    erts_aint_t val = erts_smp_atomic_inc_read_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_atomic_inc_read_nob((erts_atomic_t *) refcp);
     if (val < min_val)
 	erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
 		 "erts_refc_inc(): Bad refc found (refc=%ld < %ld)!\n",
 		 val, min_val);
 #else
-    erts_smp_atomic_inc_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+    erts_atomic_inc_nob((erts_atomic_t *) refcp);
 #endif
 }
 
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t
+erts_refc_inc_unless(erts_refc_t *refcp,
+                     erts_aint_t unless_val,
+                     erts_aint_t min_val)
+{
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_atomic_read_nob((erts_atomic_t *) refcp);
+    while (1) {
+        erts_aint_t exp, new;
+#ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
+        if (val < 0)
+            erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
+                      "erts_refc_inc_unless(): Bad refc found (refc=%ld < %ld)!\n",
+                      val, min_val);
+#endif
+        if (val == unless_val)
+            return val;
+        new = val + 1;
+        exp = val;
+        val = erts_atomic_cmpxchg_nob((erts_atomic_t *) refcp, new, exp);
+        if (val == exp)
+            return new;
+    }
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t
 erts_refc_inctest(erts_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val)
 {
-    erts_aint_t val = erts_smp_atomic_inc_read_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_atomic_inc_read_nob((erts_atomic_t *) refcp);
 #ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
     if (val < min_val)
 	erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
@@ -953,20 +969,20 @@ ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
 erts_refc_dec(erts_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val)
 {
 #ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
-    erts_aint_t val = erts_smp_atomic_dec_read_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_atomic_dec_read_nob((erts_atomic_t *) refcp);
     if (val < min_val)
 	erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
 		 "erts_refc_dec(): Bad refc found (refc=%ld < %ld)!\n",
 		 val, min_val);
 #else
-    erts_smp_atomic_dec_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+    erts_atomic_dec_nob((erts_atomic_t *) refcp);
 #endif
 }
 
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t
 erts_refc_dectest(erts_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val)
 {
-    erts_aint_t val = erts_smp_atomic_dec_read_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_atomic_dec_read_nob((erts_atomic_t *) refcp);
 #ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
     if (val < min_val)
 	erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
@@ -980,20 +996,20 @@ ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
 erts_refc_add(erts_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t diff, erts_aint_t min_val)
 {
 #ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
-    erts_aint_t val = erts_smp_atomic_add_read_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp, diff);
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_atomic_add_read_nob((erts_atomic_t *) refcp, diff);
     if (val < min_val)
 	erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
 		 "erts_refc_add(%ld): Bad refc found (refc=%ld < %ld)!\n",
 		 diff, val, min_val);
 #else
-    erts_smp_atomic_add_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp, diff);
+    erts_atomic_add_nob((erts_atomic_t *) refcp, diff);
 #endif
 }
 
 ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t
 erts_refc_read(erts_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val)
 {
-    erts_aint_t val = erts_smp_atomic_read_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_atomic_read_nob((erts_atomic_t *) refcp);
 #ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
     if (val < min_val)
 	erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
@@ -1005,6 +1021,140 @@ erts_refc_read(erts_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val)
 
 #endif /* #if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF */
 
+typedef erts_smp_atomic_t erts_smp_refc_t;
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_smp_refc_init(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t val);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_smp_refc_inc(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t erts_smp_refc_inc_unless(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp,
+                                                     erts_aint_t unless_val,
+                                                     erts_aint_t min_val);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t erts_smp_refc_inctest(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp,
+                                                  erts_aint_t min_val);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_smp_refc_dec(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t erts_smp_refc_dectest(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp,
+                                                  erts_aint_t min_val);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void erts_smp_refc_add(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t diff,
+                                       erts_aint_t min_val);
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t erts_smp_refc_read(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp,
+                                               erts_aint_t min_val);
+
+#if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
+erts_smp_refc_init(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t val)
+{
+    erts_smp_atomic_init_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp, val);
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
+erts_smp_refc_inc(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val)
+{
+#ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_smp_atomic_inc_read_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+    if (val < min_val)
+	erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
+		 "erts_smp_refc_inc(): Bad refc found (refc=%ld < %ld)!\n",
+		 val, min_val);
+#else
+    erts_smp_atomic_inc_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+#endif
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t
+erts_smp_refc_inc_unless(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp,
+                         erts_aint_t unless_val,
+                         erts_aint_t min_val)
+{
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_smp_atomic_read_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+    while (1) {
+        erts_aint_t exp, new;
+#ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
+        if (val < 0)
+            erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
+                      "erts_smp_refc_inc_unless(): Bad refc found (refc=%ld < %ld)!\n",
+                      val, min_val);
+#endif
+        if (val == unless_val)
+            return val;
+        new = val + 1;
+        exp = val;
+        val = erts_smp_atomic_cmpxchg_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp, new, exp);
+        if (val == exp)
+            return new;
+    }
+}
+
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t
+erts_smp_refc_inctest(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val)
+{
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_smp_atomic_inc_read_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+#ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
+    if (val < min_val)
+	erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
+		 "erts_smp_refc_inctest(): Bad refc found (refc=%ld < %ld)!\n",
+		 val, min_val);
+#endif
+    return val;
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
+erts_smp_refc_dec(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val)
+{
+#ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_smp_atomic_dec_read_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+    if (val < min_val)
+	erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
+		 "erts_smp_refc_dec(): Bad refc found (refc=%ld < %ld)!\n",
+		 val, min_val);
+#else
+    erts_smp_atomic_dec_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+#endif
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t
+erts_smp_refc_dectest(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val)
+{
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_smp_atomic_dec_read_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+#ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
+    if (val < min_val)
+	erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
+		 "erts_smp_refc_dectest(): Bad refc found (refc=%ld < %ld)!\n",
+		 val, min_val);
+#endif
+    return val;
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE void
+erts_smp_refc_add(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t diff, erts_aint_t min_val)
+{
+#ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_smp_atomic_add_read_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp, diff);
+    if (val < min_val)
+	erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
+		 "erts_smp_refc_add(%ld): Bad refc found (refc=%ld < %ld)!\n",
+		 diff, val, min_val);
+#else
+    erts_smp_atomic_add_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp, diff);
+#endif
+}
+
+ERTS_GLB_INLINE erts_aint_t
+erts_smp_refc_read(erts_smp_refc_t *refcp, erts_aint_t min_val)
+{
+    erts_aint_t val = erts_smp_atomic_read_nob((erts_smp_atomic_t *) refcp);
+#ifdef ERTS_REFC_DEBUG
+    if (val < min_val)
+	erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
+		 "erts_smp_refc_read(): Bad refc found (refc=%ld < %ld)!\n",
+		 val, min_val);
+#endif
+    return val;
+}
+
+#endif /* #if ERTS_GLB_INLINE_INCL_FUNC_DEF */
+
+
 #ifdef ERTS_ENABLE_KERNEL_POLL
 extern int erts_use_kernel_poll;
 #endif
diff --git a/erts/emulator/beam/utils.c b/erts/emulator/beam/utils.c
index 3fa48da1ec..092a5320ba 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/beam/utils.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/beam/utils.c
@@ -700,12 +700,7 @@ erts_bld_atom_2uint_3tup_list(Uint **hpp, Uint *szp, Sint length,
 /* make a hash index from an erlang term */
 
 /*
-** There are three hash functions.
-** make_broken_hash: the one used for backward compatibility
-** is called from the bif erlang:hash/2. Should never be used
-** as it a) hashes only a part of binaries, b) hashes bignums really poorly,
-** c) hashes bignums differently on different endian processors and d) hashes 
-** small integers with different weights on different bytes.
+** There are two hash functions.
 **
 ** make_hash: A hash function that will give the same values for the same
 ** terms regardless of the internal representation. Small integers are 
@@ -1045,6 +1040,10 @@ tail_recur:
     DESTROY_WSTACK(stack);
     return hash;
 
+#undef MAKE_HASH_TUPLE_OP
+#undef MAKE_HASH_TERM_ARRAY_OP
+#undef MAKE_HASH_CDR_PRE_OP
+#undef MAKE_HASH_CDR_POST_OP
 #undef UINT32_HASH_STEP
 #undef UINT32_HASH_RET
 }
@@ -1839,7 +1838,7 @@ make_internal_hash(Eterm term)
 	    break;
 	    case REF_SUBTAG:
 		UINT32_HASH(internal_ref_numbers(term)[0], HCONST_7);
-                ASSERT(internal_ref_no_of_numbers(term) == 3);
+                ASSERT(internal_ref_no_numbers(term) == 3);
                 UINT32_HASH_2(internal_ref_numbers(term)[1],
                               internal_ref_numbers(term)[2], HCONST_8);
                 goto pop_next;
@@ -1848,7 +1847,7 @@ make_internal_hash(Eterm term)
             {
                 ExternalThing* thing = external_thing_ptr(term);
 
-                ASSERT(external_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(thing) == 3);
+                ASSERT(external_thing_ref_no_numbers(thing) == 3);
                 /* See limitation #2 */
             #ifdef ARCH_64
                 POINTER_HASH(thing->node, HCONST_7);
@@ -1954,259 +1953,6 @@ make_internal_hash(Eterm term)
 #undef HCONST
 #undef MIX
 
-
-Uint32 make_broken_hash(Eterm term)
-{
-    Uint32 hash = 0;
-    DECLARE_WSTACK(stack);
-    unsigned op;
-tail_recur:
-    op = tag_val_def(term);
-    for (;;) {
-    switch (op) {
-    case NIL_DEF:
-	hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER3 + 1;
-	break;
-    case ATOM_DEF:
-	hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER1 +
-	    (atom_tab(atom_val(term))->slot.bucket.hvalue);
-	break;
-    case SMALL_DEF:
-#if defined(ARCH_64)
-    {
-	Sint y1 = signed_val(term);
-	Uint y2 = y1 < 0 ? -(Uint)y1 : y1;
-	Uint32 y3 = (Uint32) (y2 >> 32);
-	int arity = 1;
-
-#if defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
-	if (!IS_SSMALL28(y1))
-	{   /* like a bignum */
-	    Uint32 y4 = (Uint32) y2;
-	    hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + ((y4 << 16) | (y4 >> 16));
-	    if (y3) {
-		hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + ((y3 << 16) | (y3 >> 16));
-		arity++;
-	    }
-	    hash = hash * (y1 < 0 ? FUNNY_NUMBER3 : FUNNY_NUMBER2) + arity;
-	} else {
-	    hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + (((Uint) y1) & 0xfffffff);
-	}
-#else
-	if  (!IS_SSMALL28(y1))
-	{   /* like a bignum */
-	    hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + ((Uint32) y2);
-	    if (y3)
-	    {
-		hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + y3;
-		arity++;
-	    }
-	    hash = hash * (y1 < 0 ? FUNNY_NUMBER3 : FUNNY_NUMBER2) + arity;
-	} else {
-	    hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + (((Uint) y1) & 0xfffffff);
-	}
-#endif
-    }
-#else
-	hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + unsigned_val(term);
-#endif
-	break;
-
-    case BINARY_DEF:
-	{
-	    size_t sz = binary_size(term);
-	    size_t i = (sz < 15) ? sz : 15;
-
-	    hash = hash_binary_bytes(term, i, hash);
-	    hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER4 + sz;
-	    break;
-	}
-
-    case EXPORT_DEF:
-	{
-	    Export* ep = *((Export **) (export_val(term) + 1));
-
-	    hash = hash * FUNNY_NUMBER11 + ep->info.mfa.arity;
-	    hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER1 +
-		(atom_tab(atom_val(ep->info.mfa.module))->slot.bucket.hvalue);
-	    hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER1 +
-		(atom_tab(atom_val(ep->info.mfa.function))->slot.bucket.hvalue);
-	    break;
-	}
-
-    case FUN_DEF:
-	{
-	    ErlFunThing* funp = (ErlFunThing *) fun_val(term);
-	    Uint num_free = funp->num_free;
-
-	    hash = hash * FUNNY_NUMBER10 + num_free;
-	    hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER1 +
-		(atom_tab(atom_val(funp->fe->module))->slot.bucket.hvalue);
-	    hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + funp->fe->old_index;
-	    hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + funp->fe->old_uniq;
-	    if (num_free > 0) {
-		if (num_free > 1) {
-		    WSTACK_PUSH3(stack, (UWord) &funp->env[1], (num_free-1), MAKE_HASH_TERM_ARRAY_OP);
-		}
-		term = funp->env[0];
-		goto tail_recur;
-	    }
-	    break;
-	}
-
-    case PID_DEF:
-	hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER5 + internal_pid_number(term);
-	break;
-    case EXTERNAL_PID_DEF:
-	hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER5 + external_pid_number(term);
-        break;
-    case PORT_DEF:
-	hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER9 + internal_port_number(term);
-	break;
-    case EXTERNAL_PORT_DEF:
-	hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER9 + external_port_number(term);
-	break;
-    case REF_DEF:
-	hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER9 + internal_ref_numbers(term)[0];
-	break;
-    case EXTERNAL_REF_DEF:
-	hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER9 + external_ref_numbers(term)[0];
-	break;
-    case FLOAT_DEF:
-	{
-            FloatDef ff;
-            GET_DOUBLE(term, ff);
-            if (ff.fd == 0.0f) {
-                /* ensure positive 0.0 */
-                ff.fd = erts_get_positive_zero_float();
-            }
-            hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER6 + (ff.fw[0] ^ ff.fw[1]);
-	}
-	break;
-    case MAKE_HASH_CDR_PRE_OP:
-	term = (Eterm) WSTACK_POP(stack);
-	if (is_not_list(term)) {
-	    WSTACK_PUSH(stack, (UWord) MAKE_HASH_CDR_POST_OP);
-	    goto tail_recur;
-	}
-	/*fall through*/
-    case LIST_DEF:
-	{
-	    Eterm* list = list_val(term);
-	    WSTACK_PUSH2(stack, (UWord) CDR(list),
-			 (UWord) MAKE_HASH_CDR_PRE_OP);
-	    term = CAR(list);
-	    goto tail_recur;
-	}
-
-    case MAKE_HASH_CDR_POST_OP:
-	hash *= FUNNY_NUMBER8;
-	break;
-
-     case BIG_DEF:
-	{
-	    Eterm* ptr  = big_val(term);
-	    int is_neg = BIG_SIGN(ptr);
-	    Uint arity = BIG_ARITY(ptr);
-	    Uint i = arity;
-	    ptr++;
-#if D_EXP == 16
-	    /* hash over 32 bit LE */
-
-	    while(i--) {
-		hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + *ptr++;
-	    }
-#elif D_EXP == 32
-
-#if defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
-	    while(i--) {
-		Uint d = *ptr++;
-		hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + ((d << 16) | (d >> 16));
-	    }
-#else
-	    while(i--) {
-		hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + *ptr++;
-	    }
-#endif
-
-#elif D_EXP == 64
-	    {
-	      Uint32 h = 0, l;
-#if defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
-	      while(i--) {
-		  Uint d = *ptr++;
-		  l = d & 0xffffffff;
-		  h = d >> 32;
-		  hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + ((l << 16) | (l >> 16));
-		  if (h || i)
-		      hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + ((h << 16) | (h >> 16));
-	      }
-#else
-	      while(i--) {
-		  Uint d = *ptr++;
-		  l = d & 0xffffffff;
-		  h = d >> 32;
-		  hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + l;
-		  if (h || i)
-		      hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER2 + h;
-	      }
-#endif
-	      /* adjust arity to match 32 bit mode */
-	      arity = (arity << 1) - (h == 0);
-	    }
-
-#else
-#error "unsupported D_EXP size"
-#endif
-	    hash = hash * (is_neg ? FUNNY_NUMBER3 : FUNNY_NUMBER2) + arity;
-	}
-	break;
-
-    case MAP_DEF:
-        hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER13 + FUNNY_NUMBER14 + make_hash2(term);
-        break;
-    case TUPLE_DEF:
-	{
-	    Eterm* ptr = tuple_val(term);
-	    Uint arity = arityval(*ptr);
-
-	    WSTACK_PUSH3(stack, (UWord) arity, (UWord) (ptr+1), (UWord) arity);
-	    op = MAKE_HASH_TUPLE_OP;
-	}/*fall through*/
-    case MAKE_HASH_TUPLE_OP:
-    case MAKE_HASH_TERM_ARRAY_OP:
-	{
-	    Uint i = (Uint) WSTACK_POP(stack);
-	    Eterm* ptr = (Eterm*) WSTACK_POP(stack);
-	    if (i != 0) {
-		term = *ptr;
-		WSTACK_PUSH3(stack, (UWord)(ptr+1), (UWord) i-1, (UWord) op);
-		goto tail_recur;
-	    }
-	    if (op == MAKE_HASH_TUPLE_OP) {
-		Uint32 arity = (UWord) WSTACK_POP(stack);
-		hash = hash*FUNNY_NUMBER9 + arity;
-	    }
-	    break;
-	}
-
-    default:
-	erts_exit(ERTS_ERROR_EXIT, "Invalid tag in make_broken_hash\n");
-	return 0;
-      }
-      if (WSTACK_ISEMPTY(stack)) break;
-      op = (Uint) WSTACK_POP(stack);
-    }
-
-    DESTROY_WSTACK(stack);
-    return hash;
-
-#undef MAKE_HASH_TUPLE_OP
-#undef MAKE_HASH_TERM_ARRAY_OP
-#undef MAKE_HASH_CDR_PRE_OP
-#undef MAKE_HASH_CDR_POST_OP
-}
-
 static Eterm
 do_allocate_logger_message(Eterm gleader, Eterm **hp, ErlOffHeap **ohp,
 			   ErlHeapFragment **bp, Process **p, Uint sz)
@@ -2740,22 +2486,20 @@ tailrecur_ne:
 
 		anum = external_thing_ref_numbers(athing);
 		bnum = external_thing_ref_numbers(bthing);
-		alen = external_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(athing);
-		blen = external_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(bthing);
+		alen = external_thing_ref_no_numbers(athing);
+		blen = external_thing_ref_no_numbers(bthing);
 
 		goto ref_common;
+
 	    case REF_SUBTAG:
-		    if (!is_internal_ref(b))
-			goto not_equal;
 
-		    {
-			RefThing* athing = ref_thing_ptr(a);
-			RefThing* bthing = ref_thing_ptr(b);
-			alen = internal_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(athing);
-			blen = internal_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(bthing);
-			anum = internal_thing_ref_numbers(athing);
-			bnum = internal_thing_ref_numbers(bthing);
-		    }
+		if (!is_internal_ref(b))
+		    goto not_equal;
+
+		alen = internal_ref_no_numbers(a);
+		anum = internal_ref_numbers(a);
+		blen = internal_ref_no_numbers(b);
+		bnum = internal_ref_numbers(b);
 
 	    ref_common:
 		    ASSERT(alen > 0 && blen > 0);
@@ -3387,25 +3131,21 @@ tailrecur_ne:
 		 */
 
 		if (is_internal_ref(b)) {
-		    RefThing* bthing = ref_thing_ptr(b);
 		    bnode = erts_this_node;
-		    bnum = internal_thing_ref_numbers(bthing);
-		    blen = internal_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(bthing);
+		    blen = internal_ref_no_numbers(b);
+		    bnum = internal_ref_numbers(b);
 		} else if(is_external_ref(b)) {
 		    ExternalThing* bthing = external_thing_ptr(b);
 		    bnode = bthing->node;
 		    bnum = external_thing_ref_numbers(bthing);
-		    blen = external_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(bthing);
+		    blen = external_thing_ref_no_numbers(bthing);
 		} else {
 		    a_tag = REF_DEF;
 		    goto mixed_types;
 		}
-		{
-		    RefThing* athing = ref_thing_ptr(a);
-		    anode = erts_this_node;
-		    anum = internal_thing_ref_numbers(athing);
-		    alen = internal_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(athing);
-		}
+		anode = erts_this_node;
+		alen = internal_ref_no_numbers(a);
+		anum = internal_ref_numbers(a);
 
 	    ref_common:
 		CMP_NODES(anode, bnode);
@@ -3435,15 +3175,14 @@ tailrecur_ne:
 		goto pop_next;
 	    case (_TAG_HEADER_EXTERNAL_REF >> _TAG_PRIMARY_SIZE):
 		if (is_internal_ref(b)) {
-		    RefThing* bthing = ref_thing_ptr(b);
 		    bnode = erts_this_node;
-		    bnum = internal_thing_ref_numbers(bthing);
-		    blen = internal_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(bthing);
+		    blen = internal_ref_no_numbers(b);
+		    bnum = internal_ref_numbers(b);
 		} else if (is_external_ref(b)) {
 		    ExternalThing* bthing = external_thing_ptr(b);
 		    bnode = bthing->node;
 		    bnum = external_thing_ref_numbers(bthing);
-		    blen = external_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(bthing);
+		    blen = external_thing_ref_no_numbers(bthing);
 		} else {
 		    a_tag = EXTERNAL_REF_DEF;
 		    goto mixed_types;
@@ -3452,7 +3191,7 @@ tailrecur_ne:
 		    ExternalThing* athing = external_thing_ptr(a);
 		    anode = athing->node;
 		    anum = external_thing_ref_numbers(athing);
-		    alen = external_thing_ref_no_of_numbers(athing);
+		    alen = external_thing_ref_no_numbers(athing);
 		}
 		goto ref_common;
 	    default:
@@ -3829,40 +3568,41 @@ not_equal:
 Eterm
 store_external_or_ref_(Uint **hpp, ErlOffHeap* oh, Eterm ns)
 {
+    struct erl_off_heap_header *ohhp;
     Uint i;
     Uint size;
-    Uint *from_hp;
-    Uint *to_hp = *hpp;
+    Eterm *from_hp;
+    Eterm *to_hp = *hpp;
 
     ASSERT(is_external(ns) || is_internal_ref(ns));
 
-    if(is_external(ns)) {
-	from_hp = external_val(ns);
-	size = thing_arityval(*from_hp) + 1;
-	*hpp += size;
-
-	for(i = 0; i < size; i++)
-	    to_hp[i] = from_hp[i];
-
-	erts_refc_inc(&((ExternalThing *) to_hp)->node->refc, 2);
-
-	((struct erl_off_heap_header*) to_hp)->next = oh->first;
-	oh->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*) to_hp;
-
-	return make_external(to_hp);
-    }
-
-    /* Internal ref */
-    from_hp = internal_ref_val(ns);
-
+    from_hp = boxed_val(ns);
     size = thing_arityval(*from_hp) + 1;
-
     *hpp += size;
 
     for(i = 0; i < size; i++)
 	to_hp[i] = from_hp[i];
 
-    return make_internal_ref(to_hp);
+    if (is_external_header(*from_hp)) {
+	ExternalThing *etp = (ExternalThing *) from_hp;
+	ASSERT(is_external(ns));
+	erts_smp_refc_inc(&etp->node->refc, 2);
+    }
+    else if (is_ordinary_ref_thing(from_hp))
+	return make_internal_ref(to_hp);
+    else {
+	ErtsMRefThing *mreft = (ErtsMRefThing *) from_hp;
+        ErtsMagicBinary *mb = mreft->mb;
+	ASSERT(is_magic_ref_thing(from_hp));
+	erts_refc_inc(&mb->refc, 2);
+        OH_OVERHEAD(oh, mb->orig_size / sizeof(Eterm));
+    }
+
+    ohhp = (struct erl_off_heap_header*) to_hp;
+    ohhp->next = oh->first;
+    oh->first = ohhp;
+
+    return make_boxed(to_hp);
 }
 
 Eterm
@@ -3925,6 +3665,68 @@ intlist_to_buf(Eterm list, char *buf, Sint len)
     return -2;			/* not enough space */
 }
 
+/* Fill buf with the contents of the unicode list.
+ * Return the number of bytes in the buffer,
+ * or -1 for type error,
+ * or -2 for not enough buffer space (buffer contains truncated result).
+ */
+Sint
+erts_unicode_list_to_buf(Eterm list, byte *buf, Sint len)
+{
+    Eterm* listptr;
+    Sint sz = 0;
+
+    if (is_nil(list)) {
+	return 0;
+    }
+    if (is_not_list(list)) {
+	return -1;
+    }
+    listptr = list_val(list);
+
+    while (len-- > 0) {
+	Sint val;
+
+	if (is_not_small(CAR(listptr))) {
+	    return -1;
+	}
+	val = signed_val(CAR(listptr));
+	if (0 <= val && val < 0x80) {
+	    buf[sz] = val;
+	    sz++;
+	} else if (val < 0x800) {
+	    buf[sz+0] = 0xC0 | (val >> 6);
+	    buf[sz+1] = 0x80 | (val & 0x3F);
+	    sz += 2;
+	} else if (val < 0x10000UL) {
+	    if (0xD800 <= val && val <= 0xDFFF) {
+		return -1;
+	    }
+	    buf[sz+0] = 0xE0 | (val >> 12);
+	    buf[sz+1] = 0x80 | ((val >> 6) & 0x3F);
+	    buf[sz+2] = 0x80 | (val & 0x3F);
+	    sz += 3;
+	} else if (val < 0x110000) {
+	    buf[sz+0] = 0xF0 | (val >> 18);
+	    buf[sz+1] = 0x80 | ((val >> 12) & 0x3F);
+	    buf[sz+2] = 0x80 | ((val >> 6) & 0x3F);
+	    buf[sz+3] = 0x80 | (val & 0x3F);
+	    sz += 4;
+	} else {
+	    return -1;
+	}
+	list = CDR(listptr);
+	if (is_nil(list)) {
+	    return sz;
+	}
+	if (is_not_list(list)) {
+	    return -1;
+	}
+	listptr = list_val(list);
+    }
+    return -2;			/* not enough space */
+}
+
 /*
 ** Convert an integer to a byte list
 ** return pointer to converted stuff (need not to be at start of buf!)
diff --git a/erts/emulator/drivers/common/efile_drv.c b/erts/emulator/drivers/common/efile_drv.c
index d64f015a6a..173a39533d 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/drivers/common/efile_drv.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/drivers/common/efile_drv.c
@@ -2331,9 +2331,9 @@ file_async_ready(ErlDrvData e, ErlDrvThreadData data)
 	free_read(data);
 	break;
       case FILE_READ_LINE:
-	  /* The read_line stucture differs from the read structure.
-	     The data->read_offset and d->c.read_line.read_offset are copies, as are 
-	     data->read_size and d->c.read_line.read_size 
+	  /* The read_line structure differs from the read structure.
+	     The data->read_offset and d->c.read_line.read_offset are copies, as are
+	     data->read_size and d->c.read_line.read_size
              The read_line function does not kniow in advance how large the binary has to be,
 	     why new allocation (but not reallocation of the old binary, for obvious reasons) 
 	     may happen in the worker thread. */
diff --git a/erts/emulator/drivers/common/gzio.c b/erts/emulator/drivers/common/gzio.c
index 1ef1602ec9..f60c781894 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/drivers/common/gzio.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/drivers/common/gzio.c
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ ErtsGzFile erts_gzopen (path, mode)
 /* ===========================================================================
      Read a byte from a gz_stream; update next_in and avail_in. Return EOF
    for end of file.
-   IN assertion: the stream s has been sucessfully opened for reading.
+   IN assertion: the stream s has been successfully opened for reading.
 */
 local int get_byte(s)
     gz_stream *s;
diff --git a/erts/emulator/drivers/common/inet_drv.c b/erts/emulator/drivers/common/inet_drv.c
index 1885338ce5..278abe4e00 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/drivers/common/inet_drv.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/drivers/common/inet_drv.c
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ static int is_nonzero(const char *s, size_t n)
 #define TCP_ADDF_PENDING_SHUTDOWN \
 		(TCP_ADDF_PENDING_SHUT_WR | TCP_ADDF_PENDING_SHUT_RDWR)
 #define TCP_ADDF_SHOW_ECONNRESET   64 /* Tell user about incoming RST */
-#define TCP_ADDF_DELAYED_ECONNRESET 128 /* An ECONNRESET error occured on send or shutdown */
+#define TCP_ADDF_DELAYED_ECONNRESET 128 /* An ECONNRESET error occurred on send or shutdown */
 #define TCP_ADDF_SHUTDOWN_WR_DONE 256 /* A shutdown(sock, SHUT_WR) or SHUT_RDWR was made */
 #define TCP_ADDF_LINGER_ZERO 	  512 /* Discard driver queue on port close */
 
@@ -4132,8 +4132,8 @@ static char *inet_set_faddress(int family, inet_address* dst,
 
 /* Get a inaddr structure
 ** src = inaddr structure
-** *len is the lenght of structure
 ** dst is filled with [F,P1,P0,X1,....] 
+** *len is the length of structure
 ** where F is the family code (coded)
 ** and *len is the length of dst on return 
 ** (suitable to deliver to erlang)
diff --git a/erts/emulator/drivers/common/zlib_drv.c b/erts/emulator/drivers/common/zlib_drv.c
index 066cf87c9d..e8afddb01b 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/drivers/common/zlib_drv.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/drivers/common/zlib_drv.c
@@ -252,9 +252,9 @@ static int zlib_output(ZLibData* d)
     return zlib_output_init(d);
 }
 
-#ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_INFLATEGETDICTIONARY
 static int zlib_inflate_get_dictionary(ZLibData* d)
 {
+#ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_INFLATEGETDICTIONARY
     ErlDrvBinary* dbin = driver_alloc_binary(INFL_DICT_SZ);
     uInt dlen = 0;
     int res = inflateGetDictionary(&d->s, (unsigned char*)dbin->orig_bytes, &dlen);
@@ -263,8 +263,11 @@ static int zlib_inflate_get_dictionary(ZLibData* d)
     }
     driver_free_binary(dbin);
     return res;
-}
+#else
+    abort(); /* never called, just to silence 'unresolved symbol'
+                for non-optimizing compiler */
 #endif
+}
 
 static int zlib_inflate(ZLibData* d, int flush)
 {
@@ -448,10 +451,35 @@ static void zlib_free(void* data, void* addr)
     driver_free(addr);
 }
 
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__) && defined(HAVE_ZLIB_INFLATEGETDICTIONARY)
+
+/* Work around broken build system with runtime version test */
+static int have_inflateGetDictionary;
+
+static int zlib_init()
+{
+    unsigned int v[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+    unsigned hexver;
+
+    sscanf(zlibVersion(), "%u.%u.%u.%u", &v[0], &v[1], &v[2], &v[3]);
+
+    hexver = (v[0] << (8*3)) | (v[1] << (8*2)) | (v[2] << (8)) | v[3];
+
+    have_inflateGetDictionary = (hexver >= 0x1020701); /* 1.2.7.1 */
+
+    return 0;
+}
+#else /* trust configure got it right */
+#  ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_INFLATEGETDICTIONARY
+#    define have_inflateGetDictionary 1
+#  else
+#    define have_inflateGetDictionary 0
+#  endif
 static int zlib_init()
 {
     return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
 static ErlDrvData zlib_start(ErlDrvPort port, char* buf)
 {
@@ -605,14 +633,14 @@ static ErlDrvSSizeT zlib_ctl(ErlDrvData drv_data, unsigned int command, char *bu
 	return zlib_return(res, rbuf, rlen);
 
     case INFLATE_GETDICT:
-#ifdef HAVE_ZLIB_INFLATEGETDICTIONARY
-        if (d->state != ST_INFLATE) goto badarg;
-        res = zlib_inflate_get_dictionary(d);
+        if (have_inflateGetDictionary) {
+            if (d->state != ST_INFLATE) goto badarg;
+            res = zlib_inflate_get_dictionary(d);
+        } else {
+            errno = ENOTSUP;
+            res = Z_ERRNO;
+        }
         return zlib_return(res, rbuf, rlen);
-#else
-        errno = ENOTSUP;
-        return zlib_return(Z_ERRNO, rbuf, rlen);
-#endif
 
     case INFLATE_SYNC:
 	if (d->state != ST_INFLATE) goto badarg;
diff --git a/erts/emulator/drivers/unix/sig_drv.c b/erts/emulator/drivers/unix/sig_drv.c
index 68ad6b9156..18f2038431 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/drivers/unix/sig_drv.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/drivers/unix/sig_drv.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  * %CopyrightEnd%
  */
 
-/* Purpose: demonstrate how to include interupt handlers in erlang */
+/* Purpose: demonstrate how to include interrupt handlers in erlang */
 
 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #  include "config.h"
diff --git a/erts/emulator/drivers/unix/unix_efile.c b/erts/emulator/drivers/unix/unix_efile.c
index bfe0807df8..3ff68a8859 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/drivers/unix/unix_efile.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/drivers/unix/unix_efile.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * %CopyrightBegin%
  *
- * Copyright Ericsson AB 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright Ericsson AB 1997-2017. All Rights Reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -79,11 +79,10 @@
  * Macros for testing file types.
  */
 
-#define ISDIR(st) (((st).st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
-#define ISREG(st) (((st).st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)
-#define ISDEV(st) \
-  (((st).st_mode&S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR || ((st).st_mode&S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK)
-#define ISLNK(st) (((st).st_mode & S_IFLNK) == S_IFLNK)
+#define ISDIR(st) (S_ISDIR((st).st_mode))
+#define ISREG(st) (S_ISREG((st).st_mode))
+#define ISDEV(st) (S_ISCHR((st).st_mode) || S_ISBLK((st).st_mode))
+#define ISLNK(st) (S_ISLNK((st).st_mode))
 #ifdef NO_UMASK
 #define FILE_MODE 0644
 #define DIR_MODE  0755
@@ -366,33 +365,6 @@ efile_openfile(Efile_error* errInfo,	/* Where to return error codes. */
     int fd;
     int mode;			/* Open mode. */
 
-    if (stat(name, &statbuf) < 0) {
-	/* statbuf is undefined: if the caller depends on it,
-	   i.e. invoke_read_file(), fail the call immediately */
-	if (pSize && flags == EFILE_MODE_READ)
-	    return check_error(-1, errInfo);
-    } else if (!ISREG(statbuf)) {
-	/*
-	 * For UNIX only, here is some ugly code to allow
-	 * /dev/null to be opened as a file.
-	 *
-	 * Assumption: The i-node number for /dev/null cannot be zero.
-	 */
-	static ino_t dev_null_ino = 0;
-
-	if (dev_null_ino == 0) {
-	    struct stat nullstatbuf;
-	    
-	    if (stat("/dev/null", &nullstatbuf) >= 0) {
-		dev_null_ino = nullstatbuf.st_ino;
-	    }
-	}
-	if (!(dev_null_ino && statbuf.st_ino == dev_null_ino)) {
-	    errno = EISDIR;
-	    return check_error(-1, errInfo);
-	}
-    }
-
     switch (flags & (EFILE_MODE_READ|EFILE_MODE_WRITE)) {
     case EFILE_MODE_READ:
 	mode = O_RDONLY;
@@ -411,16 +383,13 @@ efile_openfile(Efile_error* errInfo,	/* Where to return error codes. */
 	return check_error(-1, errInfo);
     }
 
-
     if (flags & EFILE_MODE_APPEND) {
 	mode &= ~O_TRUNC;
 	mode |= O_APPEND;
     }
-
     if (flags & EFILE_MODE_EXCL) {
 	mode |= O_EXCL;
     }
-
     if (flags & EFILE_MODE_SYNC) {
 #ifdef O_SYNC
 	mode |= O_SYNC;
@@ -430,15 +399,49 @@ efile_openfile(Efile_error* errInfo,	/* Where to return error codes. */
 #endif
     }
 
-    fd = open(name, mode, FILE_MODE);
+#ifdef HAVE_FSTAT
+    while (((fd = open(name, mode, FILE_MODE)) < 0) && (errno == EINTR));
+    if (!check_error(fd, errInfo)) return 0;
+#endif
+
+    if (
+#ifdef HAVE_FSTAT
+        fstat(fd, &statbuf) < 0
+#else
+        stat(name, &statbuf) < 0
+#endif
+        ) {
+        /* statbuf is undefined: if the caller depends on it,
+           i.e. invoke_read_file(), fail the call immediately */
+        if (pSize && flags == EFILE_MODE_READ) {
+            check_error(-1, errInfo);
+#ifdef HAVE_FSTAT
+            efile_closefile(fd);
+#endif
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (! ISREG(statbuf)) {
+        struct stat nullstatbuf;
+	/*
+	 * For UNIX only, here is some ugly code to allow
+	 * /dev/null to be opened as a file.
+	 */
+        if ( (stat("/dev/null", &nullstatbuf) < 0)
+             || (statbuf.st_ino != nullstatbuf.st_ino)
+             || (statbuf.st_dev != nullstatbuf.st_dev) ) {
+	    errno = EISDIR;
+	    return check_error(-1, errInfo);
+        }
+    }
 
-    if (!check_error(fd, errInfo))
-	return 0;
+#ifndef HAVE_FSTAT
+    while (((fd = open(name, mode, FILE_MODE)) < 0) && (errno == EINTR));
+    if (!check_error(fd, errInfo)) return 0;
+#endif
 
     *pfd = fd;
-    if (pSize) {
-	*pSize = statbuf.st_size;
-    }
+    if (pSize) *pSize = statbuf.st_size;
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -460,7 +463,7 @@ efile_may_openfile(Efile_error* errInfo, char *name) {
 void
 efile_closefile(int fd)
 {
-    close(fd);
+    while((close(fd) < 0) && (errno == EINTR));
 }
 
 int
diff --git a/erts/emulator/hipe/hipe_bif0.c b/erts/emulator/hipe/hipe_bif0.c
index 9c6ac4bd9c..688c82ab7a 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/hipe/hipe_bif0.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/hipe/hipe_bif0.c
@@ -381,12 +381,9 @@ BIF_RETTYPE hipe_bifs_ref_set_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
 
 static HipeLoaderState *get_loader_state(Eterm term)
 {
-    ProcBin *pb;
+    if (!is_internal_magic_ref(term)) return NULL;
 
-    if (!ERTS_TERM_IS_MAGIC_BINARY(term)) return NULL;
-
-    pb = (ProcBin*) binary_val(term);
-    return hipe_get_loader_state(pb->val);
+    return hipe_get_loader_state(erts_magic_ref2bin(term));
 }
 
 
@@ -1008,7 +1005,7 @@ BIF_RETTYPE hipe_bifs_set_native_address_in_fe_2(BIF_ALIST_2)
 	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
 
     fe->native_address = native_address;
-    if (erts_refc_dectest(&fe->refc, 0) == 0)
+    if (erts_smp_refc_dectest(&fe->refc, 0) == 0)
 	erts_erase_fun_entry(fe);
     BIF_RET(am_true);
 }
@@ -1982,8 +1979,8 @@ BIF_RETTYPE hipe_bifs_alloc_loader_state_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
     if (!magic)
 	BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
 
-    hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
-    res = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, &MSO(BIF_P), magic);
+    hp = HAlloc(BIF_P, ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE);
+    res = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, &MSO(BIF_P), magic);
     erts_refc_dec(&magic->refc, 1);
     BIF_RET(res);
 }
diff --git a/erts/emulator/hipe/hipe_gc.c b/erts/emulator/hipe/hipe_gc.c
index e6ce7ce628..cf0435adc9 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/hipe/hipe_gc.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/hipe/hipe_gc.c
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Eterm *fullsweep_nstack(Process *p, Eterm *n_htop)
 		    if (IS_MOVED_CONS(val)) {
 			*nsp_i = ptr[1];
 		    } else if (!erts_is_literal(gval, ptr)) {
-			ASSERT(within(ptr, p));
+			ASSERT(erts_dbg_within_proc(ptr, p, NULL));
 			MOVE_CONS(ptr, val, n_htop, nsp_i);
 		    }
 		}
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ void gensweep_nstack(Process *p, Eterm **ptr_old_htop, Eterm **ptr_n_htop)
 		    } else if (ErtsInArea(ptr, mature, mature_size)) {
 			MOVE_BOXED(ptr, val, old_htop, nsp_i);
 		    } else if (ErtsInYoungGen(gval, ptr, oh, oh_size)) {
-			ASSERT(within(ptr, p));
+			ASSERT(erts_dbg_within_proc(ptr, p, NULL));
 			MOVE_BOXED(ptr, val, n_htop, nsp_i);
 		    }
 		} else if (is_list(gval)) {
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ void gensweep_nstack(Process *p, Eterm **ptr_old_htop, Eterm **ptr_n_htop)
 		    } else if (ErtsInArea(ptr, mature, mature_size)) {
 			MOVE_CONS(ptr, val, old_htop, nsp_i);
 		    } else if (ErtsInYoungGen(gval, ptr, oh, oh_size)) {
-			ASSERT(within(ptr, p));
+			ASSERT(erts_dbg_within_proc(ptr, p, NULL));
 			MOVE_CONS(ptr, val, n_htop, nsp_i);
 		    }
 		}
diff --git a/erts/emulator/hipe/hipe_native_bif.c b/erts/emulator/hipe/hipe_native_bif.c
index 9a9252e8b8..e581f07f56 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/hipe/hipe_native_bif.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/hipe/hipe_native_bif.c
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ char *hipe_bs_allocate(int len)
     Binary *bptr;
 
     bptr = erts_bin_nrml_alloc(len);
-    erts_smp_atomic_init_nob(&bptr->refc, 1);
+    erts_refc_init(&bptr->refc, 1);
     return bptr->orig_bytes;
 }
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/internal_doc/DelayedDealloc.md b/erts/emulator/internal_doc/DelayedDealloc.md
index b7d87b839f..4b7c774141 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/internal_doc/DelayedDealloc.md
+++ b/erts/emulator/internal_doc/DelayedDealloc.md
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ the Erlang VM where memory allocation/deallocation is frequent and
 references to memory also are passed around between threads this
 solution will also scale poorly due to lock contention.
 
-Functionality Used to Adress This problem
+Functionality Used to Address This problem
 -----------------------------------------
 
 In order to reduce contention due to locking of allocator instances we
@@ -44,12 +44,12 @@ deallocation.
 The "message box" is implemented using a lock free single linked list
 through the memory blocks to deallocate. The order of the elements in
 this list is not important. Insertion of new free blocks will be made
-somewhere near the end of this list. Requirering that the new blocks
+somewhere near the end of this list. Requiring that the new blocks
 need to be inserted at the end would cause unnecessary contention when
 large amount of memory blocks are inserted simultaneous by multiple
 threads.
 
-The data structure refering to this single linked list cover two cache
+The data structure referring to this single linked list cover two cache
 lines. One cache line containing information about the head of the
 list, and one cache line containing information about the tail of the
 list. This in order to reduce cache line ping ponging of this data
@@ -65,21 +65,21 @@ list. In the uncontended case it will point to the end of the list,
 but when simultaneous insert operations are performed it will point to
 something near the end of the list.
 
-When insterting an element one will try to write a pointer to the new
+When inserting an element one will try to write a pointer to the new
 element in the next pointer of the element pointed to by the last
 pointer. This is done using an atomic compare and swap that expects
-the next pointer to be `NULL`. If this succeds the thread performing
+the next pointer to be `NULL`. If this succeeds the thread performing
 this operation moves the last pointer to point to the newly inserted
 element.
 
 If the atomic compare and swap described above failed, the last
 pointer didn't point to the last element. In this case we need to
-insert the new element somewhere inbetween the element that the last
+insert the new element somewhere between the element that the last
 pointer pointed to and the actual last element. If we do it this way
 the last pointer will eventually end up at the last element when
 threads stop adding new elements. When trying to insert somewhere near
 the end and failing to do so, the inserting thread sometimes moves to
-the next element and somtimes tries with the same element again. This
+the next element and sometimes tries with the same element again. This
 in order to spread the inserted elements during heavy contention. That
 is, we try to spread the modifications of memory to different
 locations instead of letting all threads continue to try to modify the
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ same location in memory.
 
 ### Head ###
 
-The head contains pointers to begining of the list (`head.first`), and
+The head contains pointers to beginning of the list (`head.first`), and
 to the first block which other threads may refer to
 (`head.unref_end`). Blocks between these pointers are only refered to
 by the head part of the data structure which is only used by the
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ contains this "marker" element.
 
 ### Contention ###
 
-When elements are continously inserted by threads not owning the
+When elements are continuously inserted by threads not owning the
 allocator instance, the thread owning the allocator instance will be
 able to work more or less undisturbed by other threads at the head end
 of the list. At the tail end large amounts of simultaneous inserts may
diff --git a/erts/emulator/internal_doc/PortSignals.md b/erts/emulator/internal_doc/PortSignals.md
index b1afb7c5cb..8782ae4e17 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/internal_doc/PortSignals.md
+++ b/erts/emulator/internal_doc/PortSignals.md
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ high limit is 8 KB and the low limit is 4 KB.
 
 Previously all operations sending signals to ports began by acquiring
 the port lock, then performed preparations for sending the signal, and
-then finaly sent the signal. The preparations typically included
+then finally sent the signal. The preparations typically included
 inspecting the state of the port, and preparing the data to pass along
 with the signal. The preparation of data is frequently quite time
 consuming, and did not really depend on the port. That is we would
diff --git a/erts/emulator/internal_doc/SuperCarrier.md b/erts/emulator/internal_doc/SuperCarrier.md
index 0ad6af41de..acf722ea37 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/internal_doc/SuperCarrier.md
+++ b/erts/emulator/internal_doc/SuperCarrier.md
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ To find the smallest free segment that will satisfy a carrier allocation
 size (`stree`). We search in this tree at allocation. If no free segment of
 sufficient size was found, the area (`sa` or `sua`) is instead expanded.
 If two or more free segments with equal size exist, the one at lowest
-address is choosen for `sa` and highest address for `sua`.
+address is chosen for `sa` and highest address for `sua`.
 
 At carrier deallocation, we want to coalesce with any adjacent free
 segments, to form one large free segment. To do that, all free
diff --git a/erts/emulator/internal_doc/ThreadProgress.md b/erts/emulator/internal_doc/ThreadProgress.md
index 6118bcf0f6..03a802f904 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/internal_doc/ThreadProgress.md
+++ b/erts/emulator/internal_doc/ThreadProgress.md
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ threads are managed threads.
 ### Thread Progress Events ###
 
 Any thread in the system may use the thread progress functionality in
-order to determine when the following events have occured at least
+order to determine when the following events have occurred at least
 once in all managed threads:
 
 1.  The thread has returned from other code to a known state in the
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ calling the following functions:
 *   `int erts_thr_progress_leader_update(ErtsSchedulerData *esdp)` -
     Leader update thread progress.
 
-Unmanaged threads can delay thread progress beeing made:
+Unmanaged threads can delay thread progress being made:
 
 *   `ErtsThrPrgrDelayHandle erts_thr_progress_unmanaged_delay(void)` -
     Delay thread progress.
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ doing so. If not zero, the leader isn't allowed to increment the
 global counter, and needs to wait before it can do this. When it is
 zero, it swaps the `waiting` and `current` counters before increasing
 the global counter. From now on the new `waiting` counter will
-decrease, so that it eventualy will reach zero, making it possible to
+decrease, so that it eventually will reach zero, making it possible to
 increment the global counter the next time. If we only used one
 reference counter it would potentially be held above zero for ever by
 different unmanaged threads.
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ prevent the next increment of the global counter, but instead the
 increment after that. This is sufficient since the global counter
 needs to be incremented two times before thread progress has been
 made. It is also desirable not to prevent the first increment, since
-the likelyhood increases that the delay is withdrawn before any
+the likelihood increases that the delay is withdrawn before any
 increment of the global counter is delayed. That is, the operation
 will cause as little disruption as possible.
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/internal_doc/Tracing.md b/erts/emulator/internal_doc/Tracing.md
index 728f315263..7f97f64765 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/internal_doc/Tracing.md
+++ b/erts/emulator/internal_doc/Tracing.md
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ the new instrumented code. Normally loaded code can only be reached
 through external functions calls. Trace settings must be activated
 instantaneously without the need of external function calls.
 
-The choosen solution is instead for tracing to use the technique of
+The chosen solution is instead for tracing to use the technique of
 replication applied on the data structures for breakpoints. Two
 generations of breakpoints are kept and indentified by index of 0 and
 1. The global atomic variables `erts_active_bp_index` will determine
diff --git a/erts/emulator/pcre/pcre_exec.c b/erts/emulator/pcre/pcre_exec.c
index 1cab78cdd8..07e662ff07 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/pcre/pcre_exec.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/pcre/pcre_exec.c
@@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ for (;;)
     the result of a recursive call to match() whatever happened so it was
     possible to reduce stack usage by turning this into a tail recursion,
     except in the case of a possibly empty group. However, now that there is
-    the possiblity of (*THEN) occurring in the final alternative, this
+    the possibility of (*THEN) occurring in the final alternative, this
     optimization is no longer always possible.
 
     We can optimize if we know there are no (*THEN)s in the pattern; at present
diff --git a/erts/emulator/sys/common/erl_check_io.c b/erts/emulator/sys/common/erl_check_io.c
index 352e51a877..2214a1937a 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/sys/common/erl_check_io.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/sys/common/erl_check_io.c
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #include "erl_port.h"
 #include "erl_check_io.h"
 #include "erl_thr_progress.h"
+#include "erl_bif_unique.h"
 #include "dtrace-wrapper.h"
 #include "lttng-wrapper.h"
 #define ERTS_WANT_TIMER_WHEEL_API
@@ -2065,15 +2066,15 @@ send_event_tuple(struct erts_nif_select_event* e, ErtsResource* resource,
 
      /* {select, Resource, Ref, EventAtom} */
     if (is_value(e->immed)) {
-        hsz = 5 + PROC_BIN_SIZE;
+        hsz = 5 + ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE;
     }
     else {
-        hsz = 5 + PROC_BIN_SIZE + REF_THING_SIZE;
+        hsz = 5 + ERTS_MAGIC_REF_THING_SIZE + ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
     }
 
     mp = erts_alloc_message_heap(rp, &rp_locks, hsz, &hp, &ohp);
 
-    resource_term = erts_mk_magic_binary_term(&hp, ohp, &bin->binary);
+    resource_term = erts_mk_magic_ref(&hp, ohp, &bin->binary);
     if (is_value(e->immed)) {
         ASSERT(is_immed(e->immed));
         ref_term = e->immed;
@@ -2081,7 +2082,7 @@ send_event_tuple(struct erts_nif_select_event* e, ErtsResource* resource,
     else {
         write_ref_thing(hp, e->refn[0], e->refn[1], e->refn[2]);
         ref_term = make_internal_ref(hp);
-        hp += REF_THING_SIZE;
+        hp += ERTS_REF_THING_SIZE;
     }
     tuple = TUPLE4(hp, am_select, resource_term, ref_term, event_atom);
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/sys/common/erl_mseg.c b/erts/emulator/sys/common/erl_mseg.c
index 4dd986f4c8..1e05fd3490 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/sys/common/erl_mseg.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/sys/common/erl_mseg.c
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ static ERTS_INLINE int cache_bless_segment(ErtsMsegAllctr_t *ma, void *seg, UWor
 
     ASSERT(!MSEG_FLG_IS_2POW(flags) || (MSEG_FLG_IS_2POW(flags) && MAP_IS_ALIGNED(seg) && IS_2POW(size)));
 
-    /* The idea is that sbc caching is prefered over mbc caching.
+    /* The idea is that sbc caching is preferred over mbc caching.
      * Blocks are normally allocated in mb carriers and thus cached there.
      * Large blocks has no such cache and it is up to mseg to cache them to speed things up.
      */
diff --git a/erts/emulator/sys/common/erl_poll.c b/erts/emulator/sys/common/erl_poll.c
index 0c4df3e13a..3cb0eb31f5 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/sys/common/erl_poll.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/sys/common/erl_poll.c
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@
 #ifndef WANT_NONBLOCKING
 #  define WANT_NONBLOCKING
 #endif
-#define ERTS_WANT_GOT_SIGUSR1
 
 #include "erl_poll.h"
 #if ERTS_POLL_USE_KQUEUE
diff --git a/erts/emulator/sys/unix/erl_child_setup.h b/erts/emulator/sys/unix/erl_child_setup.h
index a28b136bfc..b61e557ddf 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/sys/unix/erl_child_setup.h
+++ b/erts/emulator/sys/unix/erl_child_setup.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  * 
  * %CopyrightEnd%
  *
- * This file defines the interface inbetween erts and child_setup.
+ * This file defines the interface between erts and child_setup.
  */
 
 #ifndef _ERL_UNIX_FORKER_H
diff --git a/erts/emulator/sys/unix/sys.c b/erts/emulator/sys/unix/sys.c
index f4bdc129e1..0d1ed17449 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/sys/unix/sys.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/sys/unix/sys.c
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@
 #endif
 
 #define ERTS_WANT_BREAK_HANDLING
-#define ERTS_WANT_GOT_SIGUSR1
 #define WANT_NONBLOCKING    /* must define this to pull in defs from sys.h */
 #include "sys.h"
 #include "erl_thr_progress.h"
@@ -96,18 +95,10 @@ static int debug_log = 0;
 #endif
 
 #ifdef ERTS_SMP
-erts_smp_atomic32_t erts_got_sigusr1;
-#define ERTS_SET_GOT_SIGUSR1 \
-  erts_smp_atomic32_set_mb(&erts_got_sigusr1, 1)
-#define ERTS_UNSET_GOT_SIGUSR1 \
-  erts_smp_atomic32_set_mb(&erts_got_sigusr1, 0)
 static erts_smp_atomic32_t have_prepared_crash_dump;
 #define ERTS_PREPARED_CRASH_DUMP \
   ((int) erts_smp_atomic32_xchg_nob(&have_prepared_crash_dump, 1))
 #else
-volatile int erts_got_sigusr1;
-#define ERTS_SET_GOT_SIGUSR1 (erts_got_sigusr1 = 1)
-#define ERTS_UNSET_GOT_SIGUSR1 (erts_got_sigusr1 = 0)
 static volatile int have_prepared_crash_dump;
 #define ERTS_PREPARED_CRASH_DUMP \
   (have_prepared_crash_dump++)
@@ -116,12 +107,11 @@ static volatile int have_prepared_crash_dump;
 erts_smp_atomic_t sys_misc_mem_sz;
 
 #if defined(ERTS_SMP)
-static void smp_sig_notify(char c);
+static void smp_sig_notify(int signum);
 static int sig_notify_fds[2] = {-1, -1};
 
-#if !defined(ETHR_UNUSABLE_SIGUSRX) && defined(ERTS_THR_HAVE_SIG_FUNCS)
+#ifdef ERTS_SYS_SUSPEND_SIGNAL
 static int sig_suspend_fds[2] = {-1, -1};
-#define ERTS_SYS_SUSPEND_SIGNAL SIGUSR2
 #endif
 
 #endif
@@ -153,7 +143,7 @@ volatile int erts_break_requested = 0;
 static struct termios initial_tty_mode;
 static int replace_intr = 0;
 /* assume yes initially, ttsl_init will clear it */
-int using_oldshell = 1; 
+int using_oldshell = 1;
 
 #ifdef ERTS_ENABLE_KERNEL_POLL
 
@@ -414,13 +404,6 @@ erts_sys_pre_init(void)
     /* After creation in parent */
     eid.thread_create_parent_func = thr_create_cleanup,
 
-#ifdef ERTS_THR_HAVE_SIG_FUNCS
-    sigemptyset(&thr_create_sigmask);
-    sigaddset(&thr_create_sigmask, SIGINT);   /* block interrupt */
-    sigaddset(&thr_create_sigmask, SIGTERM);  /* block terminate signal */
-    sigaddset(&thr_create_sigmask, SIGUSR1);  /* block user defined signal */
-#endif
-
     erts_thr_init(&eid);
 
 #ifdef ERTS_ENABLE_LOCK_CHECK
@@ -439,11 +422,9 @@ erts_sys_pre_init(void)
 
 #ifdef ERTS_SMP
     erts_smp_atomic32_init_nob(&erts_break_requested, 0);
-    erts_smp_atomic32_init_nob(&erts_got_sigusr1, 0);
     erts_smp_atomic32_init_nob(&have_prepared_crash_dump, 0);
 #else
     erts_break_requested = 0;
-    erts_got_sigusr1 = 0;
     have_prepared_crash_dump = 0;
 #endif
 
@@ -635,6 +616,28 @@ int erts_sys_prepare_crash_dump(int secs)
     return prepare_crash_dump(secs);
 }
 
+static void signal_notify_requested(Eterm type) {
+    Process* p = NULL;
+    Eterm msg, *hp;
+    ErtsProcLocks locks = 0;
+    ErlOffHeap *ohp;
+
+    Eterm id = erts_whereis_name_to_id(NULL, am_erl_signal_server);
+
+    if ((p = (erts_pid2proc_opt(NULL, 0, id, 0, ERTS_P2P_FLG_INC_REFC))) != NULL) {
+        ErtsMessage *msgp = erts_alloc_message_heap(p, &locks, 3, &hp, &ohp);
+
+        /* erl_signal_server ! {notify, sighup} */
+        msg = TUPLE2(hp, am_notify, type);
+        erts_queue_message(p, locks, msgp, msg, am_system);
+
+        if (locks)
+            erts_smp_proc_unlock(p, locks);
+        erts_proc_dec_refc(p);
+    }
+}
+
+
 static ERTS_INLINE void
 break_requested(void)
 {
@@ -652,76 +655,15 @@ break_requested(void)
   ERTS_CHK_IO_AS_INTR(); /* Make sure we don't sleep in poll */
 }
 
-/* set up signal handlers for break and quit */
-#if (defined(SIG_SIGSET) || defined(SIG_SIGNAL))
-static RETSIGTYPE request_break(void)
-#else
 static RETSIGTYPE request_break(int signum)
-#endif
 {
 #ifdef ERTS_SMP
-    smp_sig_notify('I');
+    smp_sig_notify(signum);
 #else
     break_requested();
 #endif
 }
 
-static void stop_requested(void) {
-    Process* p = NULL;
-    Eterm msg, *hp;
-    ErtsProcLocks locks = 0;
-    ErlOffHeap *ohp;
-    Eterm id = erts_whereis_name_to_id(NULL, am_init);
-
-    if ((p = (erts_pid2proc_opt(NULL, 0, id, 0, ERTS_P2P_FLG_INC_REFC))) != NULL) {
-        ErtsMessage *msgp = erts_alloc_message_heap(p, &locks, 3, &hp, &ohp);
-
-        /* init ! {stop,stop} */
-        msg = TUPLE2(hp, am_stop, am_stop);
-        erts_queue_message(p, locks, msgp, msg, am_system);
-
-        if (locks)
-            erts_smp_proc_unlock(p, locks);
-        erts_proc_dec_refc(p);
-    }
-}
-
-#if (defined(SIG_SIGSET) || defined(SIG_SIGNAL))
-static RETSIGTYPE request_stop(void)
-#else
-static RETSIGTYPE request_stop(int signum)
-#endif
-{
-#ifdef ERTS_SMP
-    smp_sig_notify('S');
-#else
-    stop_requested();
-#endif
-}
-
-
-static ERTS_INLINE void
-sigusr1_exit(void)
-{
-    char env[21]; /* enough to hold any 64-bit integer */
-    size_t envsz;
-    int i, secs = -1;
-
-    /* We do this at interrupt level, since the main reason for
-     * wanting to generate a crash dump in this way is that the emulator
-     * is hung somewhere, so it won't be able to poll any flag we set here.
-     */
-    ERTS_SET_GOT_SIGUSR1;
-
-    envsz = sizeof(env);
-    if ((i = erts_sys_getenv_raw("ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS", env, &envsz)) >= 0) {
-	secs = i != 0 ? 0 : atoi(env);
-    }
-
-    prepare_crash_dump(secs);
-    erts_exit(ERTS_DUMP_EXIT, "Received SIGUSR1\n");
-}
-
 #ifdef ETHR_UNUSABLE_SIGUSRX
 #warning "Unusable SIGUSR1 & SIGUSR2. Disabling use of these signals"
 
@@ -742,19 +684,6 @@ sys_thr_resume(erts_tid_t tid) {
 }
 #endif
 
-#if (defined(SIG_SIGSET) || defined(SIG_SIGNAL))
-static RETSIGTYPE user_signal1(void)
-#else
-static RETSIGTYPE user_signal1(int signum)
-#endif
-{
-#ifdef ERTS_SMP
-   smp_sig_notify('1');
-#else
-   sigusr1_exit();
-#endif
-}
-
 #ifdef ERTS_SYS_SUSPEND_SIGNAL
 #if (defined(SIG_SIGSET) || defined(SIG_SIGNAL))
 static RETSIGTYPE suspend_signal(void)
@@ -774,29 +703,101 @@ static RETSIGTYPE suspend_signal(int signum)
 
 #endif /* #ifndef ETHR_UNUSABLE_SIGUSRX */
 
-static void
-quit_requested(void)
-{
-    erts_exit(ERTS_INTR_EXIT, "");
+/*
+ Signal      Action   Comment
+ ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  SIGHUP     Term     Hangup detected on controlling terminal or death of controlling process
+ !SIGINT     Term     Interrupt from keyboard
+  SIGQUIT    Core     Quit from keyboard
+ !SIGILL     Core     Illegal Instruction
+  SIGABRT    Core     Abort signal from abort(3)
+ !SIGFPE     Core     Floating point exception
+ !SIGKILL    Term     Kill signal
+ !SIGSEGV    Core     Invalid memory reference
+ !SIGPIPE    Term     Broken pipe: write to pipe with no readers
+  SIGALRM    Term     Timer signal from alarm(2)
+  SIGTERM    Term     Termination signal
+  SIGUSR1    Term     User-defined signal 1
+  SIGUSR2    Term     User-defined signal 2
+ !SIGCHLD    Ign      Child stopped or terminated
+ !SIGCONT    Cont     Continue if stopped
+  SIGSTOP    Stop     Stop process
+  SIGTSTP    Stop     Stop typed at terminal
+ !SIGTTIN    Stop     Terminal input for background process
+ !SIGTTOU    Stop     Terminal output for background process
+*/
+
+
+static ERTS_INLINE int
+signalterm_to_signum(Eterm signal)
+{
+    switch (signal) {
+    case am_sighup:  return SIGHUP;
+    /* case am_sigint:  return SIGINT; */
+    case am_sigquit: return SIGQUIT;
+    /* case am_sigill:  return SIGILL; */
+    case am_sigabrt: return SIGABRT;
+    /* case am_sigsegv: return SIGSEGV; */
+    case am_sigalrm: return SIGALRM;
+    case am_sigterm: return SIGTERM;
+    case am_sigusr1: return SIGUSR1;
+    case am_sigusr2: return SIGUSR2;
+    case am_sigchld: return SIGCHLD;
+    case am_sigstop: return SIGSTOP;
+    case am_sigtstp: return SIGTSTP;
+    default:         return 0;
+    }
 }
 
-#if (defined(SIG_SIGSET) || defined(SIG_SIGNAL))
-static RETSIGTYPE do_quit(void)
-#else
-static RETSIGTYPE do_quit(int signum)
-#endif
+static ERTS_INLINE Eterm
+signum_to_signalterm(int signum)
+{
+    switch (signum) {
+    case SIGHUP:  return am_sighup;
+    /* case SIGINT:  return am_sigint; */    /* ^c */
+    case SIGQUIT: return am_sigquit;   /* ^\ */
+    /* case SIGILL:  return am_sigill; */
+    case SIGABRT: return am_sigabrt;
+    /* case SIGSEGV: return am_sigsegv; */
+    case SIGALRM: return am_sigalrm;
+    case SIGTERM: return am_sigterm;
+    case SIGUSR1: return am_sigusr1;
+    case SIGUSR2: return am_sigusr2;
+    case SIGCHLD: return am_sigchld;
+    case SIGSTOP: return am_sigstop;
+    case SIGTSTP: return am_sigtstp;   /* ^z */
+    default:      return am_error;
+    }
+}
+
+static RETSIGTYPE generic_signal_handler(int signum)
 {
 #ifdef ERTS_SMP
-    smp_sig_notify('Q');
+    smp_sig_notify(signum);
 #else
-    quit_requested();
+    Eterm signal = signum_to_signalterm(signum);
+    signal_notify_requested(signal);
 #endif
 }
 
+int erts_set_signal(Eterm signal, Eterm type) {
+    int signum;
+    if ((signum = signalterm_to_signum(signal)) > 0) {
+        if (type == am_ignore) {
+            sys_signal(signum, SIG_IGN);
+        } else if (type == am_default) {
+            sys_signal(signum, SIG_DFL);
+        } else {
+            sys_signal(signum, generic_signal_handler);
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 /* Disable break */
 void erts_set_ignore_break(void) {
     sys_signal(SIGINT,  SIG_IGN);
-    sys_signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN);
     sys_signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
     sys_signal(SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN);
 }
@@ -808,11 +809,11 @@ void erts_replace_intr(void) {
 
   if (isatty(0)) {
     tcgetattr(0, &mode);
-    
+
     /* here's an example of how to replace ctrl-c with ctrl-u */
     /* mode.c_cc[VKILL] = 0;
        mode.c_cc[VINTR] = CKILL; */
-    
+
     mode.c_cc[VINTR] = 0;	/* disable ctrl-c */
     tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &mode);
     replace_intr = 1;
@@ -821,12 +822,13 @@ void erts_replace_intr(void) {
 
 void init_break_handler(void)
 {
-   sys_signal(SIGINT, request_break);
-   sys_signal(SIGTERM, request_stop);
+   sys_signal(SIGINT,  request_break);
+   sys_signal(SIGTERM, generic_signal_handler);
+   sys_signal(SIGHUP,  generic_signal_handler);
 #ifndef ETHR_UNUSABLE_SIGUSRX
-   sys_signal(SIGUSR1, user_signal1);
+   sys_signal(SIGUSR1, generic_signal_handler);
 #endif /* #ifndef ETHR_UNUSABLE_SIGUSRX */
-   sys_signal(SIGQUIT, do_quit);
+   sys_signal(SIGQUIT, generic_signal_handler);
 }
 
 void sys_init_suspend_handler(void)
@@ -866,10 +868,7 @@ get_number(char **str_ptr)
     }
 }
 
-void
-os_flavor(char* namebuf, 	/* Where to return the name. */
-	  unsigned size) 	/* Size of name buffer. */
-{
+void os_flavor(char* namebuf, unsigned size) {
     struct utsname uts;		/* Information about the system. */
     char* s;
 
@@ -882,22 +881,16 @@ os_flavor(char* namebuf, 	/* Where to return the name. */
     strcpy(namebuf, uts.sysname);
 }
 
-void
-os_version(pMajor, pMinor, pBuild)
-int* pMajor;			/* Pointer to major version. */
-int* pMinor;			/* Pointer to minor version. */
-int* pBuild;			/* Pointer to build number. */
-{
+void os_version(int *pMajor, int *pMinor, int *pBuild) {
     struct utsname uts;		/* Information about the system. */
     char* release;		/* Pointer to the release string:
-				 * X.Y or X.Y.Z.
-				 */
+				 * X.Y or X.Y.Z.  */
 
     (void) uname(&uts);
     release = uts.release;
-    *pMajor = get_number(&release);
-    *pMinor = get_number(&release);
-    *pBuild = get_number(&release);
+    *pMajor = get_number(&release); /* Pointer to major version. */
+    *pMinor = get_number(&release); /* Pointer to minor version. */
+    *pBuild = get_number(&release); /* Pointer to build number. */
 }
 
 void init_getenv_state(GETENV_STATE *state)
@@ -932,7 +925,7 @@ void erts_do_break_handling(void)
 {
     struct termios temp_mode;
     int saved = 0;
-    
+
     /*
      * Most functions that do_break() calls are intentionally not thread safe;
      * therefore, make sure that all threads but this one are blocked before
@@ -950,14 +943,14 @@ void erts_do_break_handling(void)
       tcsetattr(0,TCSANOW,&initial_tty_mode);
       saved = 1;
     }
-    
+
     /* call the break handling function, reset the flag */
     do_break();
 
     ERTS_UNSET_BREAK_REQUESTED;
 
     fflush(stdout);
-    
+
     /* after break we go back to saved settings */
     if (using_oldshell && !replace_intr) {
       SET_NONBLOCKING(1);
@@ -1065,37 +1058,12 @@ erts_sys_unsetenv(char *key)
     return res;
 }
 
-void
-sys_init_io(void)
-{
-}
-
-#if (0) /* unused? */
-static int write_fill(fd, buf, len)
-int fd, len;
-char *buf;
-{
-    int i, done = 0;
-    
-    do {
-	if ((i = write(fd, buf+done, len-done)) < 0) {
-	    if (errno != EINTR)
-		return (i);
-	    i = 0;
-	}
-	done += i;
-    } while (done < len);
-    return (len);
-}
-#endif
+void sys_init_io(void) { }
+void erts_sys_alloc_init(void) { }
 
 extern const char pre_loaded_code[];
 extern Preload pre_loaded[];
 
-void erts_sys_alloc_init(void)
-{
-}
-
 #if ERTS_HAVE_ERTS_SYS_ALIGNED_ALLOC
 void *erts_sys_aligned_alloc(UWord alignment, UWord size)
 {
@@ -1196,9 +1164,7 @@ void sys_preload_end(Preload* p)
    Here we assume that all schedulers are stopped so that erl_poll
    does not interfere with the select below.
 */
-int sys_get_key(fd)
-int fd;
-{
+int sys_get_key(int fd) {
     int c, ret;
     unsigned char rbuf[64];
     fd_set fds;
@@ -1217,15 +1183,14 @@ int fd;
         if (c <= 0)
             return c;
     }
-
-    return rbuf[0]; 
+    return rbuf[0];
 }
 
 
 extern int erts_initialized;
 void
 erl_assert_error(const char* expr, const char* func, const char* file, int line)
-{   
+{
     fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d:%s() Assertion failed: %s\n",
             file, line, func, expr);
@@ -1250,7 +1215,7 @@ erl_debug(char* fmt, ...)
 {
     char sbuf[1024];		/* Temporary buffer. */
     va_list va;
-    
+
     if (debug_log) {
 	va_start(va, fmt);
 	vsprintf(sbuf, fmt, va);
@@ -1279,14 +1244,14 @@ erl_sys_schedule(int runnable)
 static erts_smp_tid_t sig_dispatcher_tid;
 
 static void
-smp_sig_notify(char c)
+smp_sig_notify(int signum)
 {
     int res;
     do {
 	/* write() is async-signal safe (according to posix) */
-	res = write(sig_notify_fds[1], &c, 1);
+	res = write(sig_notify_fds[1], &signum, sizeof(int));
     } while (res < 0 && errno == EINTR);
-    if (res != 1) {
+    if (res != sizeof(int)) {
 	char msg[] =
 	    "smp_sig_notify(): Failed to notify signal-dispatcher thread "
 	    "about received signal";
@@ -1302,60 +1267,55 @@ signal_dispatcher_thread_func(void *unused)
     erts_lc_set_thread_name("signal_dispatcher");
 #endif
     while (1) {
-	char buf[32];
-	int res, i;
+        union {int signum; char buf[4];} sb;
+        Eterm signal;
+	int res, i = 0;
 	/* Block on read() waiting for a signal notification to arrive... */
-	res = read(sig_notify_fds[0], (void *) &buf[0], 32);
+
+        do {
+            res = read(sig_notify_fds[0], (void *) &sb.buf[i], sizeof(int) - i);
+            i += res;
+        } while ((i != sizeof(int) && res >= 0) || (res < 0 && errno == EINTR));
+
 	if (res < 0) {
-	    if (errno == EINTR)
-		continue;
 	    erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
 		     "signal-dispatcher thread got unexpected error: %s (%d)\n",
 		     erl_errno_id(errno),
 		     errno);
 	}
-	for (i = 0; i < res; i++) {
-	    /*
-	     * NOTE 1: The signal dispatcher thread should not do work
-	     *         that takes a substantial amount of time (except
-	     *         perhaps in test and debug builds). It needs to
-	     *         be responsive, i.e, it should only dispatch work
-	     *         to other threads.
-	     *
-	     * NOTE 2: The signal dispatcher thread is not a blockable
-	     *         thread (i.e., not a thread managed by the
-	     *         erl_thr_progress module). This is intentional.
-	     *         We want to be able to interrupt writing of a crash
-	     *         dump by hitting C-c twice. Since it isn't a
-	     *         blockable thread it is important that it doesn't
-	     *         change the state of any data that a blocking thread
-	     *         expects to have exclusive access to (unless the
-	     *         signal dispatcher itself explicitly is blocking all
-	     *         blockable threads).
-	     */
-	    switch (buf[i]) {
-	    case 0: /* Emulator initialized */
+        /*
+         * NOTE 1: The signal dispatcher thread should not do work
+         *         that takes a substantial amount of time (except
+         *         perhaps in test and debug builds). It needs to
+         *         be responsive, i.e, it should only dispatch work
+         *         to other threads.
+         *
+         * NOTE 2: The signal dispatcher thread is not a blockable
+         *         thread (i.e., not a thread managed by the
+         *         erl_thr_progress module). This is intentional.
+         *         We want to be able to interrupt writing of a crash
+         *         dump by hitting C-c twice. Since it isn't a
+         *         blockable thread it is important that it doesn't
+         *         change the state of any data that a blocking thread
+         *         expects to have exclusive access to (unless the
+         *         signal dispatcher itself explicitly is blocking all
+         *         blockable threads).
+         */
+        switch (sb.signum) {
+            case 0: continue;
+            case SIGINT:
+                break_requested();
                 break;
-	    case 'S': /* SIGTERM */
-		stop_requested();
-		break;
-	    case 'I': /* SIGINT */
-		break_requested();
-		break;
-	    case 'Q': /* SIGQUIT */
-		quit_requested();
-		break;
-	    case '1': /* SIGUSR1 */
-		sigusr1_exit();
-		break;
-	    default:
-		erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
-			 "signal-dispatcher thread received unknown "
-			 "signal notification: '%c'\n",
-			 buf[i]);
-	    }
-	}
-	ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(!erts_thr_progress_is_blocking());
+            default:
+                if ((signal = signum_to_signalterm(sb.signum)) == am_error) {
+                    erts_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
+                            "signal-dispatcher thread received unknown "
+                            "signal notification: '%d'\n",
+                            sb.signum);
+                }
+                signal_notify_requested(signal);
+        }
+        ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(!erts_thr_progress_is_blocking());
     }
     return NULL;
 }
@@ -1398,9 +1358,9 @@ init_smp_sig_suspend(void) {
 int erts_darwin_main_thread_pipe[2];
 int erts_darwin_main_thread_result_pipe[2];
 
-static void initialize_darwin_main_thread_pipes(void) 
+static void initialize_darwin_main_thread_pipes(void)
 {
-    if (pipe(erts_darwin_main_thread_pipe) < 0 || 
+    if (pipe(erts_darwin_main_thread_pipe) < 0 ||
 	pipe(erts_darwin_main_thread_result_pipe) < 0) {
 	erts_exit(ERTS_ERROR_EXIT,"Fatal error initializing Darwin main thread stealing");
     }
@@ -1566,5 +1526,4 @@ erl_sys_args(int* argc, char** argv)
 	    argv[j++] = argv[i];
     }
     *argc = j;
-
 }
diff --git a/erts/emulator/sys/win32/erl_poll.c b/erts/emulator/sys/win32/erl_poll.c
index f23c7ab03d..93013a412b 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/sys/win32/erl_poll.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/sys/win32/erl_poll.c
@@ -842,9 +842,9 @@ event_happened:
 	    ASSERT(WAIT_OBJECT_0 < i && i < WAIT_OBJECT_0+w->active_events);
 	    notify_io_ready(ps);
 
-	    /* 
-	     * The main thread wont start working on our arrays untill we're
-	     * stopped, so we can work in peace although the main thread runs 
+	    /*
+	     * The main thread wont start working on our arrays until we're
+	     * stopped, so we can work in peace although the main thread runs
 	     */
 	    ASSERT(i >= WAIT_OBJECT_0+1);
 	    i -= WAIT_OBJECT_0;
diff --git a/erts/emulator/sys/win32/sys.c b/erts/emulator/sys/win32/sys.c
index f3881e0736..40e5595533 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/sys/win32/sys.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/sys/win32/sys.c
@@ -294,6 +294,10 @@ int erts_sys_prepare_crash_dump(int secs)
     return 0;
 }
 
+int erts_set_signal(Eterm signal, Eterm type) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static void
 init_console(void)
 {
@@ -492,7 +496,7 @@ struct driver_data {
     int outBufSize;		/* Size of output buffer. */
     byte *outbuf;		/* Buffer to use for overlapped write. */
     ErlDrvPort port_num;	/* The port handle. */
-    int packet_bytes;		/* 0: continous stream, 1, 2, or 4: the number
+    int packet_bytes;		/* 0: continuous stream, 1, 2, or 4: the number
 				 * of bytes in the packet header.
 				 */
     HANDLE port_pid;		/* PID of the port process. */
@@ -1423,7 +1427,7 @@ int parse_command(wchar_t* cmd){
  *
  * If new == NULL we just calculate the length.
  *
- * The reason for having to quote all of the is becasue CreateProcessW removes
+ * The reason for having to quote all of the is because CreateProcessW removes
  * one level of escaping since it takes a single long command line rather
  * than the argument chunks that unix uses.
  */
@@ -2482,7 +2486,7 @@ output(ErlDrvData drv_data, char* buf, ErlDrvSizeT len)
  *	event object has been signaled, indicating that there is
  *	something to read on the corresponding file handle.
  *
- *	If the port is working in the continous stream mode (packet_bytes == 0),
+ *	If the port is working in the continuous stream mode (packet_bytes == 0),
  *	whatever data read will be sent straight to Erlang.
  *
  * Results:
@@ -2523,7 +2527,7 @@ ready_input(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvEvent ready_event)
 #endif
 
     if (error == NO_ERROR) {
-	if (pb == 0) { /* Continous stream. */
+	if (pb == 0) { /* Continuous stream. */
 #ifdef DEBUG
 	    DEBUGF(("ready_input: %d: ", bytesRead));
 	    erl_bin_write(dp->inbuf, 16, bytesRead);
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/Makefile b/erts/emulator/test/Makefile
index 7c9927c4f3..6f9827002a 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/Makefile
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/Makefile
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ MODULES= \
 	num_bif_SUITE \
 	message_queue_data_SUITE \
 	op_SUITE \
+	os_signal_SUITE \
 	port_SUITE \
 	port_bif_SUITE \
 	process_SUITE \
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/bif_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/bif_SUITE.erl
index f70fb0e501..339c827602 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/bif_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/bif_SUITE.erl
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 -export([all/0, suite/0,
 	 display/1, display_huge/0,
 	 erl_bif_types/1,guard_bifs_in_erl_bif_types/1,
-	 shadow_comments/1,
+	 shadow_comments/1,list_to_utf8_atom/1,
 	 specs/1,improper_bif_stubs/1,auto_imports/1,
 	 t_list_to_existing_atom/1,os_env/1,otp_7526/1,
 	 binary_to_atom/1,binary_to_existing_atom/1,
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ all() ->
     [erl_bif_types, guard_bifs_in_erl_bif_types, shadow_comments,
      specs, improper_bif_stubs, auto_imports,
      t_list_to_existing_atom, os_env, otp_7526,
-     display,
+     display, list_to_utf8_atom,
      atom_to_binary, binary_to_atom, binary_to_existing_atom,
      erl_crash_dump_bytes, min_max, erlang_halt, is_builtin,
      error_stacktrace, error_stacktrace_during_call_trace].
@@ -339,6 +339,38 @@ check_stub({_,F,A}, B) ->
 	    ct:fail(invalid_body)
     end.
 
+list_to_utf8_atom(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
+    'hello' = atom_roundtrip("hello"),
+    'こんにちは' = atom_roundtrip("こんにちは"),
+
+    %% Test all edge cases.
+    _ = atom_roundtrip([16#80]),
+    _ = atom_roundtrip([16#7F]),
+    _ = atom_roundtrip([16#FF]),
+    _ = atom_roundtrip([16#100]),
+    _ = atom_roundtrip([16#7FF]),
+    _ = atom_roundtrip([16#800]),
+    _ = atom_roundtrip([16#D7FF]),
+    atom_badarg([16#D800]),
+    atom_badarg([16#DFFF]),
+    _ = atom_roundtrip([16#E000]),
+    _ = atom_roundtrip([16#FFFF]),
+    _ = atom_roundtrip([16#1000]),
+    _ = atom_roundtrip([16#10FFFF]),
+    atom_badarg([16#110000]),
+    ok.
+
+atom_roundtrip(String) ->
+    Atom = list_to_atom(String),
+    Atom = list_to_existing_atom(String),
+    String = atom_to_list(Atom),
+    Atom.
+
+atom_badarg(String) ->
+    {'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch list_to_atom(String)),
+    {'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch list_to_existing_atom(String)),
+    ok.
+
 t_list_to_existing_atom(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     all = list_to_existing_atom("all"),
     ?MODULE = list_to_existing_atom(?MODULE_STRING),
@@ -429,6 +461,8 @@ binary_to_atom(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     Long = lists:seq(0, 254),
     LongAtom = list_to_atom(Long),
     LongBin = list_to_binary(Long),
+    UnicodeLongAtom = list_to_atom([$é || _ <- lists:seq(0, 254)]),
+    UnicodeLongBin = << <<"é"/utf8>> || _ <- lists:seq(0, 254)>>,
 
     %% latin1
     '' = test_binary_to_atom(<<>>, latin1),
@@ -440,12 +474,17 @@ binary_to_atom(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     '' = test_binary_to_atom(<<>>, utf8),
     HalfLongAtom = test_binary_to_atom(HalfLongBin, utf8),
     HalfLongAtom = test_binary_to_atom(HalfLongBin, unicode),
+    UnicodeLongAtom = test_binary_to_atom(UnicodeLongBin, utf8),
+    UnicodeLongAtom = test_binary_to_atom(UnicodeLongBin, unicode),
     [] = [C || C <- lists:seq(128, 255),
 		     begin
 			 list_to_atom([C]) =/=
 			     test_binary_to_atom(<<C/utf8>>, utf8)
 		     end],
 
+    <<"こんにちは"/utf8>> =
+	atom_to_binary(test_binary_to_atom(<<"こんにちは"/utf8>>, utf8), utf8),
+
     %% badarg failures.
     fail_binary_to_atom(atom),
     fail_binary_to_atom(42),
@@ -464,10 +503,6 @@ binary_to_atom(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     ?BADARG(binary_to_atom(id(<<255>>), utf8)),
     ?BADARG(binary_to_atom(id(<<255,0>>), utf8)),
     ?BADARG(binary_to_atom(id(<<16#C0,16#80>>), utf8)), %Overlong 0.
-    [?BADARG(binary_to_atom(<<C/utf8>>, utf8)) || C <- lists:seq(256, 16#D7FF)],
-    [?BADARG(binary_to_atom(<<C/utf8>>, utf8)) || C <- lists:seq(16#E000, 16#FFFD)],
-    [?BADARG(binary_to_atom(<<C/utf8>>, utf8)) || C <- lists:seq(16#10000, 16#8FFFF)],
-    [?BADARG(binary_to_atom(<<C/utf8>>, utf8)) || C <- lists:seq(16#90000, 16#10FFFF)],
 
     %% system_limit failures.
     ?SYS_LIMIT(binary_to_atom(id(<<0:512/unit:8,255>>), utf8)),
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/binary_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/binary_SUITE.erl
index 1c7d278bb0..324730d562 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/binary_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/binary_SUITE.erl
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 %%
 
 -module(binary_SUITE).
--compile({nowarn_deprecated_function, {erlang,hash,2}}).
 
 %% Tests binaries and the BIFs:
 %%	list_to_binary/1
@@ -392,7 +391,6 @@ test_hash(List) ->
     Bin = list_to_binary(List),
     Sbin = make_sub_binary(List),
     Unaligned = make_unaligned_sub_binary(Sbin),
-    test_hash_1(Bin, Sbin, Unaligned, fun erlang:hash/2),
     test_hash_1(Bin, Sbin, Unaligned, fun erlang:phash/2),
     test_hash_1(Bin, Sbin, Unaligned, fun erlang:phash2/2).
 
@@ -1010,7 +1008,7 @@ ordering(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
 
     ok.
 
-%% Test that comparisions between binaries with different alignment work.
+%% Test that comparison between binaries with different alignment work.
 unaligned_order(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     L = lists:seq(0, 7),
     [test_unaligned_order(I, J) || I <- L, J <- L], 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/bs_match_int_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/bs_match_int_SUITE.erl
index a7bd4b8ac3..32bfa2f1fa 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/bs_match_int_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/bs_match_int_SUITE.erl
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ match_huge_int(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
 	8 ->
 	    %% An attempt will be made to allocate heap space for
 	    %% the bignum (which will probably fail); only if the
-	    %% allocation succeds will the matching fail because
+	    %% allocation succeeds will the matching fail because
 	    %% the binary is too small.
 	    ok
     end,
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/call_trace_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/call_trace_SUITE.erl
index 2e303ba9a8..e74631e916 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/call_trace_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/call_trace_SUITE.erl
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ basic() ->
     trace_func({'_','_','_'}, false),
     [b,a] = lists:reverse([a,b]),
 
-    %% Read out the remaing trace messages.
+    %% Read out the remaining trace messages.
 
     ?MODULE:expect({trace,Self,call,{lists,seq,[1,10]}}),
     ?MODULE:expect({trace,Self,call,{erlang,list_to_integer,["777"]}}),
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/code_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/code_SUITE.erl
index b29520ab9f..d07166ed98 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/code_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/code_SUITE.erl
@@ -296,16 +296,16 @@ get_chunk(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     {ok,my_code_test,Code} = compile:file(File, [binary]),
 
     %% Should work.
-    Chunk = get_chunk_ok("Atom", Code),
-    Chunk = get_chunk_ok("Atom", make_sub_binary(Code)),
-    Chunk = get_chunk_ok("Atom", make_unaligned_sub_binary(Code)),
+    Chunk = get_chunk_ok("AtU8", Code),
+    Chunk = get_chunk_ok("AtU8", make_sub_binary(Code)),
+    Chunk = get_chunk_ok("AtU8", make_unaligned_sub_binary(Code)),
 
     %% Should fail.
-    {'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch code:get_chunk(bit_sized_binary(Code), "Atom")),
+    {'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch code:get_chunk(bit_sized_binary(Code), "AtU8")),
     {'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = (catch code:get_chunk(Code, "bad chunk id")),
 
     %% Invalid beam code or missing chunk should return 'undefined'.
-    undefined = code:get_chunk(<<"not a beam module">>, "Atom"),
+    undefined = code:get_chunk(<<"not a beam module">>, "AtU8"),
     undefined = code:get_chunk(Code, "XXXX"),
 
     ok.
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/ddll_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/ddll_SUITE.erl
index 93b6f2d956..e7e518f82b 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/ddll_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/ddll_SUITE.erl
@@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ reference_count(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
 
     Pid1 ! {self(), die},
     test_server:sleep(200),   % Give time to unload.
-    % Verify that the driver was automaticly unloaded when the
+    % Verify that the driver was automatically unloaded when the
     % process died.
     {error, not_loaded}=erl_ddll:unload_driver(echo_drv),
     ok.
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/dirty_nif_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/dirty_nif_SUITE.erl
index 991ba0acc8..5ba0d85ff3 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/dirty_nif_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/dirty_nif_SUITE.erl
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ dirty_call_while_terminated(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     undefined = process_info(Dirty, status),
     false = erlang:is_process_alive(Dirty),
     false = lists:member(Dirty, processes()),
-    %% Binary still refered by Dirty process not yet cleaned up
+    %% Binary still referred by Dirty process not yet cleaned up
     %% since the dirty nif has not yet returned...
     {value, {BinAddr, 4711, 2}} = lists:keysearch(4711, 2,
 						  element(2,
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/estone_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/estone_SUITE.erl
index 3ce849b88e..35f695ffe5 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/estone_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/estone_SUITE.erl
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ alloc(I) ->
 
 %% Time to call bif's
 %% Lot's of element stuff which reflects the record code which
-%% is becomming more and more common
+%% is becoming more and more common
 bif_dispatch(0) ->
     0;
 bif_dispatch(I) ->
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/float_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/float_SUITE.erl
index 36b1f9179f..ad33ad705b 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/float_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/float_SUITE.erl
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ span_cmp(Axis, Incr, Length) ->
 %% for both negative and positive numbers.
 %%
 %% Axis: The number around which to do the tests eg. (1 bsl 58) - 1.0
-%% Incr: How much to increment the test numbers inbetween each test.
+%% Incr: How much to increment the test numbers in-between each test.
 %% Length: Length/2 is the number of Incr away from Axis to test on the
 %%         negative and positive plane.
 %% Diff: How much the float and int should differ when comparing
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/fun_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/fun_SUITE.erl
index 26fa955e3c..e4640909aa 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/fun_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/fun_SUITE.erl
@@ -19,12 +19,11 @@
 %%
 
 -module(fun_SUITE).
--compile({nowarn_deprecated_function, {erlang,hash,2}}).
 
 -export([all/0, suite/0,
 	 bad_apply/1,bad_fun_call/1,badarity/1,ext_badarity/1,
 	 equality/1,ordering/1,
-	 fun_to_port/1,t_hash/1,t_phash/1,t_phash2/1,md5/1,
+	 fun_to_port/1,t_phash/1,t_phash2/1,md5/1,
 	 refc/1,refc_ets/1,refc_dist/1,
 	 const_propagation/1,t_arity/1,t_is_function2/1,
 	 t_fun_info/1,t_fun_info_mfa/1]).
@@ -38,9 +37,9 @@ suite() ->
      {timetrap, {minutes, 1}}].
 
 
-all() -> 
+all() ->
     [bad_apply, bad_fun_call, badarity, ext_badarity,
-     equality, ordering, fun_to_port, t_hash, t_phash,
+     equality, ordering, fun_to_port, t_phash,
      t_phash2, md5, refc, refc_ets, refc_dist,
      const_propagation, t_arity, t_is_function2, t_fun_info,
      t_fun_info_mfa].
@@ -412,33 +411,6 @@ build_io_list(N) ->
 	1 -> [7,L|L]
     end.
 
-%% Test the hash/2 BIF on funs.
-t_hash(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
-    F1 = fun(_X) -> 1 end,
-    F2 = fun(_X) -> 2 end,
-    true = hash(F1) /= hash(F2),
-
-    G1 = make_fun(1, 2, 3),
-    G2 = make_fun(1, 2, 3),
-    G3 = make_fun(1, 2, 4),
-    true = hash(G1) == hash(G2),
-    true = hash(G2) /= hash(G3),
-
-    FF0 = fun erlang:abs/1,
-    FF1 = fun erlang:exit/1,
-    FF2 = fun erlang:exit/2,
-    FF3 = fun blurf:exit/2,
-    true = hash(FF0) =/= hash(FF1),
-    true = hash(FF0) =/= hash(FF2),
-    true = hash(FF0) =/= hash(FF3),
-    true = hash(FF1) =/= hash(FF2),
-    true = hash(FF1) =/= hash(FF3),
-    true = hash(FF2) =/= hash(FF3),
-    ok.
-
-hash(Term) ->
-    erlang:hash(Term, 16#7ffffff).
-
 %% Test the phash/2 BIF on funs.
 t_phash(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     F1 = fun(_X) -> 1 end,
@@ -461,7 +433,6 @@ t_phash(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     true = phash(FF1) =/= phash(FF2),
     true = phash(FF1) =/= phash(FF3),
     true = phash(FF2) =/= phash(FF3),
-    
     ok.
 
 phash(Term) ->
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/guard_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/guard_SUITE.erl
index e155e5f49f..54ee710363 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/guard_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/guard_SUITE.erl
@@ -317,6 +317,7 @@ guard_bifs(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     try_gbif('float/1', Big, float(id(Big))),
     try_gbif('trunc/1', Float, 387924.0),
     try_gbif('round/1', Float, 387925.0),
+    try_gbif('round/1', 6209607916799025.0, 6209607916799025),
     try_gbif('length/1', [], 0),
 
     try_gbif('length/1', [a], 1),
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/hash_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/hash_SUITE.erl
index a39d101b0d..3cbb3c7d5f 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/hash_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/hash_SUITE.erl
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 -export([basic_test/0,cmp_test/1,range_test/0,spread_test/1,
 	 phash2_test/0, otp_5292_test/0,
          otp_7127_test/0]).
--compile({nowarn_deprecated_function, {erlang,hash,2}}).
 
 %%
 %% Define to run outside of test server
@@ -130,24 +129,12 @@ test_hash_zero(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
 %%
 basic_test() ->
     685556714 = erlang:phash({a,b,c},16#FFFFFFFF),
-    14468079 = erlang:hash({a,b,c},16#7FFFFFF),
     37442646 =  erlang:phash([a,b,c,{1,2,3},c:pid(0,2,3),
 				    16#77777777777777],16#FFFFFFFF),
-    Comment = case erlang:hash([a,b,c,{1,2,3},c:pid(0,2,3),
-				      16#77777777777777],16#7FFFFFF) of
-			102727602 ->
-			    big = erlang:system_info(endian),
-			    "Big endian machine";
-			105818829 ->
-			    little = erlang:system_info(endian),
-			    "Little endian machine"
-		    end,
     ExternalReference = <<131,114,0,3,100,0,13,110,111,110,111,100,101,64,
 			 110,111,104,111,115,116,0,0,0,0,122,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0>>,
     1113403635 = erlang:phash(binary_to_term(ExternalReference),
 				    16#FFFFFFFF),
-    123 = erlang:hash(binary_to_term(ExternalReference),
-			    16#7FFFFFF),
     ExternalFun = <<131,117,0,0,0,3,103,100,0,13,110,111,110,111,100,101,64,
 		   110,111,104,111,115,116,0,0,0,38,0,0,0,0,0,100,0,8,101,
 		   114,108,95,101,118,97,108,97,20,98,5,182,139,98,108,0,0,
@@ -166,11 +153,9 @@ basic_test() ->
 		   64,110,111,104,111,115,116,0,0,0,22,0,0,0,0,0,106>>,
     170987488 = erlang:phash(binary_to_term(ExternalFun),
 				   16#FFFFFFFF),
-    124460689 = erlang:hash(binary_to_term(ExternalFun),
-				  16#7FFFFFF),
     case (catch erlang:phash(1,0)) of
 	{'EXIT',{badarg, _}} ->
-	    {comment, Comment};
+	    ok;
 	_ ->
 	    exit(phash_accepted_zero_as_range)
     end.
@@ -193,7 +178,6 @@ range_test() ->
 	end,
     F(1,16#100000000,F).
 
-    
 
 spread_test(N) ->
     test_fun(N,{erlang,phash},16#50000000000,fun(X) ->
@@ -419,7 +403,7 @@ phash2_test() ->
 	 {"abc"++[1009], 290369864},
 	 {"abc"++[1009]++"de", 4134369195},
 	 {"1234567890123456", 963649519},
-	 
+
 	 %% tuple
 	 {{}, 221703996},
 	 {{{}}, 2165044361},
@@ -452,30 +436,15 @@ f3(X, Y) ->
 -endif.
 
 otp_5292_test() ->
-    H = fun(E) -> [erlang:hash(E, 16#7FFFFFF),
-                   erlang:hash(-E, 16#7FFFFFF)]
-        end,
-    S1 = md5([md5(hash_int(S, E, H)) || {Start, N, Sz} <- d(), 
-                                        {S, E} <- int(Start, N, Sz)]),
     PH = fun(E) -> [erlang:phash(E, 1 bsl 32),
                     erlang:phash(-E, 1 bsl 32),
                     erlang:phash2(E, 1 bsl 32),
                     erlang:phash2(-E, 1 bsl 32)]
             end,
-    S2 = md5([md5(hash_int(S, E, PH)) || {Start, N, Sz} <- d(), 
+    S2 = md5([md5(hash_int(S, E, PH)) || {Start, N, Sz} <- d(),
                                          {S, E} <- int(Start, N, Sz)]),
-    Comment = case S1 of 
-			<<4,248,208,156,200,131,7,1,173,13,239,173,112,81,16,174>> ->
-			    big = erlang:system_info(endian),
-                            "Big endian machine";
-                        <<180,28,33,231,239,184,71,125,76,47,227,241,78,184,176,233>> ->
-			    little = erlang:system_info(endian),
-                            "Little endian machine"
-                    end,
     <<124,81,198,121,174,233,19,137,10,83,33,80,226,111,238,99>> = S2,
-    2 = erlang:hash(1, (1 bsl 27) -1),
-    {'EXIT', _} = (catch erlang:hash(1, (1 bsl 27))),
-    {comment, Comment}.
+    ok.
 
 d() ->
     [%% Start,          NumOfIntervals, SizeOfInterval
@@ -496,8 +465,6 @@ md5(T) ->
 
 bit_level_binaries_do() ->
     [3511317,7022633,14044578,28087749,56173436,112344123,90467083|_] =
-	bit_level_all_different(fun erlang:hash/2),
-    [3511317,7022633,14044578,28087749,56173436,112344123,90467083|_] =
 	bit_level_all_different(fun erlang:phash/2),
     [102233154,19716,102133857,4532024,123369135,24565730,109558721|_] =
 	bit_level_all_different(fun erlang:phash2/2),
@@ -535,9 +502,7 @@ bit_level_all_different(Hash) ->
     Hashes1.
 
 test_hash_phash(Bitstr, Rem) ->
-    Hash = erlang:hash(Bitstr, Rem),
     Hash = erlang:phash(Bitstr, Rem),
-    Hash = erlang:hash(unaligned_sub_bitstr(Bitstr), Rem),
     Hash = erlang:phash(unaligned_sub_bitstr(Bitstr), Rem).
 
 test_phash2(Bitstr, Rem) ->
@@ -555,7 +520,6 @@ hash_zero_test() ->
           binary_to_term(<<131,70,128,0,0,0,0,0,0,0>>)], %% -0.0
     ok = hash_zero_test(Zs,fun(T) -> erlang:phash2(T, 1 bsl 32) end),
     ok = hash_zero_test(Zs,fun(T) -> erlang:phash(T, 1 bsl 32) end),
-    ok = hash_zero_test(Zs,fun(T) -> erlang:hash(T, (1 bsl 27) - 1) end),
     ok.
 
 hash_zero_test([Z|Zs],F) ->
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/hibernate_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/hibernate_SUITE.erl
index 6f8ce02266..90693595a7 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/hibernate_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/hibernate_SUITE.erl
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ clean_dict() ->
     lists:foreach(fun ({Key, _}) -> erase(Key) end, Dict).
 
 %%
-%% Wake up and then immediatly bif trap with a lengthy computation.
+%% Wake up and then immediately bif trap with a lengthy computation.
 %%
 
 wake_up_and_bif_trap(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/map_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/map_SUITE.erl
index 5af676c409..dfa1629112 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/map_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/map_SUITE.erl
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 %%
 -module(map_SUITE).
 -export([all/0, suite/0]).
--compile({nowarn_deprecated_function, {erlang,hash,2}}).
 
 -export([t_build_and_match_literals/1, t_build_and_match_literals_large/1,
          t_update_literals/1, t_update_literals_large/1,
@@ -2130,8 +2129,6 @@ t_erlang_hash(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
 
     ok = t_bif_erlang_phash2(),
     ok = t_bif_erlang_phash(),
-    ok = t_bif_erlang_hash(),
-
     ok.
 
 t_bif_erlang_phash2() ->
@@ -2174,27 +2171,6 @@ t_bif_erlang_phash() ->
     2620391445 = erlang:phash(M2,Sz), % 3590546636
     ok.
 
-t_bif_erlang_hash() ->
-    Sz = 1 bsl 27 - 1,
-    39684169 = erlang:hash(#{},Sz),  % 5158
-    33673142 = erlang:hash(#{ a => 1, "a" => 2, <<"a">> => 3, {a,b} => 4 },Sz), % 71555838
-    95337869 = erlang:hash(#{ 1 => a, 2 => "a", 3 => <<"a">>, 4 => {a,b} },Sz), % 5497225
-    108959561 = erlang:hash(#{ 1 => a },Sz), % 126071654
-    59623150 = erlang:hash(#{ a => 1 },Sz), % 126426236
-
-    42775386 = erlang:hash(#{{} => <<>>},Sz), % 101655720
-    71692856 = erlang:hash(#{<<>> => {}},Sz), % 101655720
-
-    M0 = #{ a => 1, "key" => <<"value">> },
-    M1 = maps:remove("key",M0),
-    M2 = M1#{ "key" => <<"value">> },
-
-    70254632 = erlang:hash(M0,Sz), % 38260486
-    59623150 = erlang:hash(M1,Sz), % 126426236
-    70254632 = erlang:hash(M2,Sz), % 38260486
-    ok.
-
-
 t_map_encode_decode(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     <<131,116,0,0,0,0>> = erlang:term_to_binary(#{}),
     Pairs = [
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/match_spec_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/match_spec_SUITE.erl
index 34e956bc21..971a047309 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/match_spec_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/match_spec_SUITE.erl
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ destructive_in_test_bif(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
 			       ([],[{'_',[],[{message,{get_tcw}}]}],trace),
     ok.
 
-%% Test that the comparision between boxed and small does not crash emulator
+%% Test that the comparison between boxed and small does not crash emulator
 boxed_and_small(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     {ok, Node} = start_node(match_spec_suite_other),
     ok = rpc:call(Node,?MODULE,do_boxed_and_small,[]),
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/nif_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/nif_SUITE.erl
index 9932b526b9..5857ed51e4 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/nif_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/nif_SUITE.erl
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 
 -define(nif_stub,nif_stub_error(?LINE)).
 
--define(is_resource, is_binary).  % to be is_reference
+-define(is_resource, is_reference).
 
 suite() -> [{ct_hooks,[ts_install_cth]}].
 
@@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@ resource_hugo_do(Type) ->
     HugoBin = <<"Hugo Hacker">>,
     HugoPtr = alloc_resource(Type, HugoBin),
     Hugo = make_resource(HugoPtr),
-    <<>> = Hugo,
+    true = is_reference(Hugo),
     release_resource(HugoPtr),
     erlang:garbage_collect(),
     {HugoPtr,HugoBin} = get_resource(Type,Hugo),
@@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@ resource_otto_do(Type) ->
     OttoBin = <<"Otto Ordonnans">>,
     OttoPtr = alloc_resource(Type, OttoBin),
     Otto = make_resource(OttoPtr),
-    <<>> = Otto,
+    true = is_reference(Otto),
     %% forget resource term but keep referenced by NIF
     {OttoPtr, OttoBin}.    
 
@@ -1169,8 +1169,9 @@ resource_new_do2(Type) ->
     BinB = <<"NewB">>,
     ResA = make_new_resource(Type, BinA),
     ResB = make_new_resource(Type, BinB),
-    <<>> = ResA,
-    <<>> = ResB,
+    true = is_reference(ResA),
+    true = is_reference(ResB),
+    ResA /= ResB,
     {PtrA,BinA} = get_resource(Type, ResA),
     {PtrB,BinB} = get_resource(Type, ResB),
     true = (PtrA =/= PtrB),
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/nif_SUITE_data/nif_SUITE.c b/erts/emulator/test/nif_SUITE_data/nif_SUITE.c
index a9622e3b8d..d5dd379d76 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/nif_SUITE_data/nif_SUITE.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/nif_SUITE_data/nif_SUITE.c
@@ -1122,6 +1122,7 @@ struct make_term_info
     unsigned reuse_push;
     unsigned reuse_pull;
     ErlNifResourceType* resource_type;
+    void *resource;
     ERL_NIF_TERM other_term;
     ERL_NIF_TERM blob;
     ErlNifPid to_pid;
@@ -1230,12 +1231,7 @@ static ERL_NIF_TERM make_term_list0(struct make_term_info* mti, int n)
 }
 static ERL_NIF_TERM make_term_resource(struct make_term_info* mti, int n)
 {
-    void* resource = enif_alloc_resource(mti->resource_type, 10);
-    ERL_NIF_TERM term;
-    fill(resource, 10, n); 
-    term = enif_make_resource(mti->dst_env, resource);
-    enif_release_resource(resource);
-    return term;
+    return enif_make_resource(mti->dst_env, mti->resource);
 }
 static ERL_NIF_TERM make_term_new_binary(struct make_term_info* mti, int n)
 {
@@ -1339,23 +1335,39 @@ static int make_term_n(struct make_term_info* mti, int n, ERL_NIF_TERM* res)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static ERL_NIF_TERM make_blob(ErlNifEnv* caller_env, ErlNifEnv* dst_env,
-			      ERL_NIF_TERM other_term)
+
+static void
+init_make_blob(struct make_term_info *mti,
+	       ErlNifEnv* caller_env,
+	       ERL_NIF_TERM other_term)
 {
     PrivData* priv = (PrivData*) enif_priv_data(caller_env);
+    mti->caller_env = caller_env;
+    mti->resource_type = priv->rt_arr[0].t;
+    mti->resource = enif_alloc_resource(mti->resource_type, 10);
+    fill(mti->resource, 10, 17); 
+    mti->other_term = other_term;
+}
+
+static void
+fini_make_blob(struct make_term_info *mti)
+{
+    enif_release_resource(mti->resource);
+}
+
+static ERL_NIF_TERM make_blob(struct make_term_info *mti,
+			      ErlNifEnv* dst_env)
+{
     ERL_NIF_TERM term, list;
     int n = 0;
-    struct make_term_info mti;
-    mti.caller_env = caller_env;
-    mti.dst_env = dst_env;
-    mti.dst_env_valid = 1;
-    mti.reuse_push = 0;
-    mti.reuse_pull = 0;
-    mti.resource_type = priv->rt_arr[0].t;
-    mti.other_term = other_term;
+
+    mti->reuse_push = 0;
+    mti->reuse_pull = 0;
+    mti->dst_env = dst_env;
+    mti->dst_env_valid = 1;
 
     list = enif_make_list(dst_env, 0); 
-    while (make_term_n(&mti, n++, &term)) {
+    while (make_term_n(mti, n++, &term)) {
 	list = enif_make_list_cell(dst_env, term, list);
     }
     return list;
@@ -1367,13 +1379,16 @@ static ERL_NIF_TERM send_new_blob(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM a
     ERL_NIF_TERM msg, copy;
     ErlNifEnv* msg_env;
     int res;
+    struct make_term_info mti;
     
     if (!enif_get_local_pid(env, argv[0], &to)) {
 	return enif_make_badarg(env);
     }
     msg_env = enif_alloc_env();
-    msg = make_blob(env,msg_env, argv[1]);
-    copy = make_blob(env,env, argv[1]);
+    init_make_blob(&mti, env, argv[1]);
+    msg = make_blob(&mti,msg_env);
+    copy = make_blob(&mti,env);
+    fini_make_blob(&mti);
     res = enif_send(env, &to, msg_env, msg);
     enif_free_env(msg_env);
     return enif_make_tuple3(env, atom_ok, enif_make_int(env,res), copy);
@@ -1393,6 +1408,8 @@ static ERL_NIF_TERM alloc_msgenv(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM ar
     mti->reuse_push = 0;
     mti->reuse_pull = 0;
     mti->resource_type = priv->rt_arr[0].t;
+    mti->resource = enif_alloc_resource(mti->resource_type, 10);
+    fill(mti->resource, 10, 17); 
     mti->other_term = enif_make_list(mti->dst_env, 0);
     mti->blob = enif_make_list(mti->dst_env, 0);
     mti->mtx = enif_mutex_create("nif_SUITE:mtx");
@@ -1410,6 +1427,7 @@ static void msgenv_dtor(ErlNifEnv* env, void* obj)
     if (mti->dst_env != NULL) {
 	enif_free_env(mti->dst_env);
     }
+    enif_release_resource(mti->resource);
     enif_mutex_destroy(mti->mtx);
     enif_cond_destroy(mti->cond);
 }
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/node_container_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/node_container_SUITE.erl
index af18545bff..291d3ee30d 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/node_container_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/node_container_SUITE.erl
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@
          port_wrap/1,
          bad_nc/1,
          unique_pid/1,
-         iter_max_procs/1]).
+         iter_max_procs/1,
+         magic_ref/1]).
 
 suite() ->
     [{ct_hooks,[ts_install_cth]},
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ all() ->
      node_table_gc, dist_link_refc, dist_monitor_refc,
      node_controller_refc, ets_refc, match_spec_refc,
      timer_refc, otp_4715, pid_wrap, port_wrap, bad_nc,
-     unique_pid, iter_max_procs].
+     unique_pid, iter_max_procs, magic_ref].
 
 init_per_suite(Config) ->
     Config.
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ ttbtteq_do_remote(RNode) ->
 %%
 %% Test case: round_trip_eq
 %%
-%% Tests that node containers that are sent beteen nodes stay equal to themselves.
+%% Tests that node containers that are sent between nodes stay equal to themselves.
 round_trip_eq(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     ThisNode = {node(), erlang:system_info(creation)},
     NodeFirstName = get_nodefirstname(),
@@ -889,10 +890,46 @@ chk_max_proc_line_until(NoMoreTests, Res) ->
               chk_max_proc_line_until(NoMoreTests, Res)
     end.
 
+magic_ref(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
+    {MRef0, Addr0} = erts_debug:set_internal_state(make, magic_ref),
+    true = is_reference(MRef0),
+    {Addr0, 1, true} = erts_debug:get_internal_state({magic_ref,MRef0}),
+    MRef1 = binary_to_term(term_to_binary(MRef0)),
+    {Addr0, 2, true} = erts_debug:get_internal_state({magic_ref,MRef1}),
+    MRef0 = MRef1,
+    Me = self(),
+    {Pid, Mon} = spawn_opt(fun () ->
+				   receive
+				       {Me, MRef} ->
+					   Me ! {self(), erts_debug:get_internal_state({magic_ref,MRef})}
+				   end
+			   end,
+			   [link, monitor]),
+    Pid ! {self(), MRef0},
+    receive
+	{Pid, Info} ->
+	    {Addr0, 3, true} = Info
+    end,
+    receive
+	{'DOWN', Mon, process, Pid, _} ->
+	    ok
+    end,
+    {Addr0, 2, true} = erts_debug:get_internal_state({magic_ref,MRef0}),
+    id(MRef0),
+    id(MRef1),
+    MRefExt = term_to_binary(erts_debug:set_internal_state(make, magic_ref)),
+    garbage_collect(),
+    {MRef2, _Addr2} = binary_to_term(MRefExt),
+    true = is_reference(MRef2),
+    true = erts_debug:get_internal_state({magic_ref,MRef2}),
+    ok.
 %%
 %% -- Internal utils ---------------------------------------------------------
 %%
 
+id(X) ->
+    X.
+
 -define(ND_REFS, erts_debug:get_internal_state(node_and_dist_references)).
 
 node_container_refc_check(Node) when is_atom(Node) ->
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/num_bif_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/num_bif_SUITE.erl
index 1a1ab0e5e0..f62eb0b430 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/num_bif_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/num_bif_SUITE.erl
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ t_float(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     4294967305.0 = float(id(4294967305)),
     -4294967305.0 = float(id(-4294967305)),
 
-    %% Extremly big bignums.
+    %% Extremely big bignums.
     Big = id(list_to_integer(id(lists:duplicate(2000, $1)))),
     {'EXIT', {badarg, _}} = (catch float(Big)),
 
@@ -295,6 +295,9 @@ t_round(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     4294967297 = round(id(4294967296.9)),
     -4294967296 = -round(id(4294967296.1)),
     -4294967297 = -round(id(4294967296.9)),
+
+    6209607916799025 = round(id(6209607916799025.0)),
+    -6209607916799025 = round(id(-6209607916799025.0)),
     ok.
 
 %% Test trunc/1, floor/1, ceil/1, and round/1.
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/os_signal_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/os_signal_SUITE.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9aa49a453e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/os_signal_SUITE.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+%%
+%% %CopyrightBegin%
+%% 
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2017. All Rights Reserved.
+%% 
+%% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+%% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+%% You may obtain a copy of the License at
+%%
+%%     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+%%
+%% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+%% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+%% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+%% See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+%% limitations under the License.
+%% 
+%% %CopyrightEnd%
+%%
+
+%%
+%% File:    os_signal_SUITE.erl
+%% Author:  Björn-Egil Dahlberg
+%% Created: 2017-01-13
+%%
+
+-module(os_signal_SUITE).
+
+-include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl").
+-export([all/0, suite/0]).
+-export([init_per_testcase/2, end_per_testcase/2]).
+-export([init_per_suite/1, end_per_suite/1]).
+
+-export([set_alarm/1, fork/0, get_exit_code/1]).
+
+% Test cases
+-export([set_unset/1,
+         t_sighup/1,
+         t_sigusr1/1,
+         t_sigusr2/1,
+         t_sigterm/1,
+         t_sigalrm/1,
+         t_sigchld/1,
+         t_sigchld_fork/1]).
+
+-define(signal_server, erl_signal_server).
+
+suite() ->
+    [{ct_hooks,[ts_install_cth]},
+     {timetrap, {minutes, 2}}].
+
+all() ->
+    case os:type() of
+        {win32, _} -> [];
+        _ -> [set_unset,
+              t_sighup,
+              t_sigusr1,
+              t_sigusr2,
+              t_sigterm,
+              t_sigalrm,
+              t_sigchld,
+              t_sigchld_fork]
+    end.
+
+init_per_testcase(Func, Config) when is_atom(Func), is_list(Config) ->
+    Pid = erlang:whereis(?signal_server),
+    true = erlang:unregister(?signal_server),
+    [{signal_server, Pid}|Config].
+
+end_per_testcase(_Func, Config) ->
+    case proplists:get_value(signal_server, Config) of
+        undefined -> ok;
+        Pid ->
+            true = erlang:register(?signal_server, Pid),
+            ok
+    end.
+
+init_per_suite(Config) ->
+    load_nif(Config),
+    Config.
+
+end_per_suite(_Config) ->
+    ok.
+
+%% tests
+
+set_unset(_Config) ->
+    Signals = [sighup, %sigint,
+               sigquit, %sigill,
+               sigabrt,
+               sigalrm, sigterm,
+               sigusr1, sigusr2,
+               sigchld,
+               sigstop, sigtstp],
+    F1 = fun(Sig) -> ok = os:set_signal(Sig,handle) end,
+    F2 = fun(Sig) -> ok = os:set_signal(Sig,default) end,
+    F3 = fun(Sig) -> ok = os:set_signal(Sig,ignore) end,
+    %% set handle
+    ok = lists:foreach(F1, Signals),
+    %% set ignore
+    ok = lists:foreach(F2, Signals),
+    %% set default
+    ok = lists:foreach(F3, Signals),
+    ok.
+
+t_sighup(_Config) ->
+    Pid1 = setup_service(),
+    OsPid = os:getpid(),
+    os:set_signal(sighup, handle),
+    ok = kill("HUP", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("HUP", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("HUP", OsPid),
+    Msgs1 = fetch_msgs(Pid1),
+    io:format("Msgs1: ~p~n", [Msgs1]),
+    [{notify,sighup},
+     {notify,sighup},
+     {notify,sighup}] = Msgs1,
+    %% no proc
+    ok = kill("HUP", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("HUP", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("HUP", OsPid),
+    %% ignore
+    Pid2 = setup_service(),
+    os:set_signal(sighup, ignore),
+    ok = kill("HUP", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("HUP", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("HUP", OsPid),
+    Msgs2 = fetch_msgs(Pid2),
+    io:format("Msgs2: ~p~n", [Msgs2]),
+    [] = Msgs2,
+    %% reset to handle (it's the default)
+    os:set_signal(sighup, handle),
+    ok.
+
+t_sigusr1(_Config) ->
+    Pid1 = setup_service(),
+    OsPid = os:getpid(),
+    os:set_signal(sigusr1, handle),
+    ok = kill("USR1", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("USR1", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("USR1", OsPid),
+    Msgs1 = fetch_msgs(Pid1),
+    io:format("Msgs1: ~p~n", [Msgs1]),
+    [{notify,sigusr1},
+     {notify,sigusr1},
+     {notify,sigusr1}] = Msgs1,
+    %% no proc
+    ok = kill("USR1", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("USR1", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("USR1", OsPid),
+    %% ignore
+    Pid2 = setup_service(),
+    os:set_signal(sigusr1, ignore),
+    ok = kill("USR1", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("USR1", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("USR1", OsPid),
+    Msgs2 = fetch_msgs(Pid2),
+    io:format("Msgs2: ~p~n", [Msgs2]),
+    [] = Msgs2,
+    %% reset to ignore (it's the default)
+    os:set_signal(sigusr1, handle),
+    ok.
+
+t_sigusr2(_Config) ->
+    Pid1 = setup_service(),
+    OsPid = os:getpid(),
+    os:set_signal(sigusr2, handle),
+    ok = kill("USR2", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("USR2", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("USR2", OsPid),
+    Msgs1 = fetch_msgs(Pid1),
+    io:format("Msgs1: ~p~n", [Msgs1]),
+    [{notify,sigusr2},
+     {notify,sigusr2},
+     {notify,sigusr2}] = Msgs1,
+    %% no proc
+    ok = kill("USR2", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("USR2", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("USR2", OsPid),
+    %% ignore
+    Pid2 = setup_service(),
+    os:set_signal(sigusr2, ignore),
+    ok = kill("USR2", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("USR2", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("USR2", OsPid),
+    Msgs2 = fetch_msgs(Pid2),
+    io:format("Msgs2: ~p~n", [Msgs2]),
+    [] = Msgs2,
+    %% reset to ignore (it's the default)
+    os:set_signal(sigusr2, ignore),
+    ok.
+
+t_sigterm(_Config) ->
+    Pid1 = setup_service(),
+    OsPid = os:getpid(),
+    os:set_signal(sigterm, handle),
+    ok = kill("TERM", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("TERM", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("TERM", OsPid),
+    Msgs1 = fetch_msgs(Pid1),
+    io:format("Msgs1: ~p~n", [Msgs1]),
+    [{notify,sigterm},
+     {notify,sigterm},
+     {notify,sigterm}] = Msgs1,
+    %% no proc
+    ok = kill("TERM", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("TERM", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("TERM", OsPid),
+    %% ignore
+    Pid2 = setup_service(),
+    os:set_signal(sigterm, ignore),
+    ok = kill("TERM", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("TERM", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("TERM", OsPid),
+    Msgs2 = fetch_msgs(Pid2),
+    io:format("Msgs2: ~p~n", [Msgs2]),
+    [] = Msgs2,
+    %% reset to handle (it's the default)
+    os:set_signal(sigterm, handle),
+    ok.
+
+t_sigchld(_Config) ->
+    Pid1 = setup_service(),
+    OsPid = os:getpid(),
+    os:set_signal(sigchld, handle),
+    ok = kill("CHLD", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("CHLD", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("CHLD", OsPid),
+    Msgs1 = fetch_msgs(Pid1),
+    io:format("Msgs1: ~p~n", [Msgs1]),
+    [{notify,sigchld},
+     {notify,sigchld},
+     {notify,sigchld}] = Msgs1,
+    %% no proc
+    ok = kill("CHLD", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("CHLD", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("CHLD", OsPid),
+    %% ignore
+    Pid2 = setup_service(),
+    os:set_signal(sigchld, ignore),
+    ok = kill("CHLD", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("CHLD", OsPid),
+    ok = kill("CHLD", OsPid),
+    Msgs2 = fetch_msgs(Pid2),
+    io:format("Msgs2: ~p~n", [Msgs2]),
+    [] = Msgs2,
+    %% reset to handle (it's the default)
+    os:set_signal(sigchld, ignore),
+    ok.
+
+
+t_sigalrm(_Config) ->
+    Pid1 = setup_service(),
+    ok = os:set_signal(sigalrm, handle),
+    ok = os_signal_SUITE:set_alarm(1),
+    receive after 3000 -> ok end,
+    Msgs1 = fetch_msgs(Pid1),
+    [{notify,sigalrm}] = Msgs1,
+    io:format("Msgs1: ~p~n", [Msgs1]),
+    os:set_signal(sigalrm, ignore),
+    Pid2 = setup_service(),
+    ok = os_signal_SUITE:set_alarm(1),
+    receive after 3000 -> ok end,
+    Msgs2 = fetch_msgs(Pid2),
+    [] = Msgs2,
+    io:format("Msgs2: ~p~n", [Msgs2]),
+    Pid3 = setup_service(),
+    os:set_signal(sigalrm, handle),
+    ok = os_signal_SUITE:set_alarm(1),
+    receive after 3000 -> ok end,
+    Msgs3 = fetch_msgs(Pid3),
+    [{notify,sigalrm}] = Msgs3,
+    io:format("Msgs3: ~p~n", [Msgs3]),
+    os:set_signal(sigalrm, ignore),
+    ok.
+
+t_sigchld_fork(_Config) ->
+    Pid1 = setup_service(),
+    ok = os:set_signal(sigchld, handle),
+    {ok,OsPid} = os_signal_SUITE:fork(),
+    receive after 3000 -> ok end,
+    Msgs1 = fetch_msgs(Pid1),
+    io:format("Msgs1: ~p~n", [Msgs1]),
+    [{notify,sigchld}] = Msgs1,
+    {ok,Status} = os_signal_SUITE:get_exit_code(OsPid),
+    io:format("exit status from ~w : ~w~n", [OsPid,Status]),
+    42 = Status,
+    %% reset to ignore (it's the default)
+    os:set_signal(sigchld, ignore),
+    ok.
+
+
+%% nif stubs
+
+set_alarm(_Secs) -> no.
+fork() -> no.
+get_exit_code(_OsPid) -> no.
+
+%% aux
+
+setup_service() ->
+    Pid = spawn_link(fun msgs/0),
+    true = erlang:register(?signal_server, Pid),
+    Pid.
+
+msgs() ->
+    msgs([]).
+msgs(Ms) ->
+    receive
+        {Pid, fetch_msgs} -> Pid ! {self(), lists:reverse(Ms)};
+        Msg ->
+            msgs([Msg|Ms])
+    end.
+
+fetch_msgs(Pid) ->
+    Pid ! {self(), fetch_msgs},
+    receive {Pid, Msgs} -> Msgs end.
+
+kill(Signal, Pid) ->
+    {0,_} = run("kill", ["-s", Signal, Pid]),
+    receive after 200 -> ok end,
+    ok.
+
+load_nif(Config) ->
+    Path = proplists:get_value(data_dir, Config),
+    ok = erlang:load_nif(filename:join(Path,"os_signal_nif"), 0).
+
+run(Program0, Args) -> run(".", Program0, Args).
+run(Cwd, Program0, Args) when is_list(Cwd) ->
+    Program = case os:find_executable(Program0) of
+                  Path when is_list(Path) ->
+                      Path;
+                  false ->
+                      exit(no)
+              end,
+    Options = [{args,Args},binary,exit_status,stderr_to_stdout,
+               {line,4096}, {cd, Cwd}],
+    try open_port({spawn_executable,Program}, Options) of
+        Port ->
+            run_loop(Port, [])
+    catch
+        error:_ ->
+                      exit(no)
+    end.
+
+run_loop(Port, Output) ->
+    receive
+        {Port,{exit_status,Status}} ->
+            {Status,lists:reverse(Output)};
+        {Port,{data,{eol,Bin}}} ->
+            run_loop(Port, [Bin|Output]);
+        _Msg ->
+            run_loop(Port, Output)
+    end.
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/os_signal_SUITE_data/Makefile.src b/erts/emulator/test/os_signal_SUITE_data/Makefile.src
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7f5cdbba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/os_signal_SUITE_data/Makefile.src
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+NIF_LIBS = os_signal_nif@dll@
+
+all: $(NIF_LIBS)
+
+@SHLIB_RULES@
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/os_signal_SUITE_data/os_signal_nif.c b/erts/emulator/test/os_signal_SUITE_data/os_signal_nif.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78e1348383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/os_signal_SUITE_data/os_signal_nif.c
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <erl_nif.h>
+
+static int load(ErlNifEnv* env, void** priv_data, ERL_NIF_TERM load_info)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static ERL_NIF_TERM set_alarm(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[])
+{
+    int t;
+    if (!enif_get_int(env, argv[0], &t)) {
+        return enif_make_badarg(env);
+    }
+
+    alarm(t);
+
+    return enif_make_atom(env, "ok");
+}
+
+static ERL_NIF_TERM fork_0(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[])
+{
+    pid_t pid;
+
+    pid = fork();
+
+    if (pid == 0) {
+        /* child */
+        exit(42);
+    }
+
+    return enif_make_tuple(env, 2,
+            enif_make_atom(env, "ok"),
+            enif_make_int(env, (int)pid));
+}
+
+static ERL_NIF_TERM get_exit_code(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[])
+{
+    int x;
+    pid_t pid;
+    if (!enif_get_int(env, argv[0], &x)) {
+        return enif_make_badarg(env);
+    }
+
+    pid = (pid_t) x;
+
+    waitpid(pid, &x, 0);
+
+    return enif_make_tuple(env, 2,
+            enif_make_atom(env, "ok"),
+            enif_make_int(env, WEXITSTATUS(x)));
+}
+
+
+static ErlNifFunc nif_funcs[] =
+{
+    {"set_alarm", 1, set_alarm},
+    {"fork", 0, fork_0},
+    {"get_exit_code", 1, get_exit_code}
+};
+
+ERL_NIF_INIT(os_signal_SUITE,nif_funcs,load,NULL,NULL,NULL)
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/port_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/port_SUITE.erl
index 2a13b2d2f4..c117554f90 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/port_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/port_SUITE.erl
@@ -2131,7 +2131,7 @@ ping(Config, Sizes, HSize, CmdLine, Options) ->
 %% Sizes = Size of packets to generated.
 %% HSize = Header size: 1, 2, or 4
 %% CmdLine = Additional command line options.
-%% Options = Addtional port options.
+%% Options = Additional port options.
 
 expect_input(Config, Sizes, HSize, CmdLine, Options) ->
     expect_input1(Config, Sizes, {HSize, CmdLine, Options}, [], []).
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/port_SUITE_data/port_test.c b/erts/emulator/test/port_SUITE_data/port_test.c
index e199a0fc13..fa97b4c9d0 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/port_SUITE_data/port_test.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/port_SUITE_data/port_test.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ extern int errno;
 typedef struct {
     char* progname;	        /* Name of this program (from argv[0]). */
     int header_size;	        /* Number of bytes in each packet header:
-				 * 1, 2, or 4, or 0 for a continous byte stream. */
+				 * 1, 2, or 4, or 0 for a continuous byte stream. */
     int fd_from_erl;	        /* File descriptor from Erlang. */
     int fd_to_erl;	        /* File descriptor to Erlang. */
     unsigned char* io_buf;      /* Buffer for file i/o. */
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/port_bif_SUITE_data/port_test.c b/erts/emulator/test/port_bif_SUITE_data/port_test.c
index 28324a56a6..923ab99ccc 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/port_bif_SUITE_data/port_test.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/port_bif_SUITE_data/port_test.c
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ extern int errno;
 typedef struct {
     char* progname;	        /* Name of this program (from argv[0]). */
     int header_size;	        /* Number of bytes in each packet header:
-				 * 1, 2, or 4, or 0 for a continous byte stream. */
+				 * 1, 2, or 4, or 0 for a continuous byte stream. */
     int fd_from_erl;	        /* File descriptor from Erlang. */
     int fd_to_erl;	        /* File descriptor to Erlang. */
     unsigned char* io_buf;      /* Buffer for file i/o. */
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/port_trace_SUITE_data/echo_drv.c b/erts/emulator/test/port_trace_SUITE_data/echo_drv.c
index b545523192..20ec33a594 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/port_trace_SUITE_data/echo_drv.c
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/port_trace_SUITE_data/echo_drv.c
@@ -2,23 +2,30 @@
 #include "erl_driver.h"
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
 
 
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ** Data types
 **/
 
+struct my_thread {
+    struct my_thread* next;
+    ErlDrvTid tid;
+};
 
 typedef struct _erl_drv_data {
     ErlDrvPort   erlang_port;
     ErlDrvTermData caller;
+    struct my_thread* threads;
 } EchoDrvData;
 
 struct remote_send_term {
-    char *buf;
-    int len;
+    struct my_thread thread;
     ErlDrvTermData port;
     ErlDrvTermData caller;
+    int len;
+    char buf[1]; /* buf[len] */
 };
 
 #define ECHO_DRV_NOOP                 0
@@ -86,7 +93,7 @@ static ErlDrvEntry echo_drv_entry = {
     NULL
 };
 
-static void send_term_thread(void *);
+static void* send_term_thread(void *);
 
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ** Entry functions
@@ -111,10 +118,22 @@ static EchoDrvData *echo_drv_start(ErlDrvPort port, char *command)
     EchoDrvData *echo_drv_data_p = driver_alloc(sizeof(EchoDrvData));
     echo_drv_data_p->erlang_port = port;
     echo_drv_data_p->caller = driver_caller(port);
+    echo_drv_data_p->threads = NULL;
     return echo_drv_data_p;
 }
 
-static void echo_drv_stop(EchoDrvData *data_p) {
+static void echo_drv_stop(EchoDrvData *data_p)
+{
+    struct my_thread* thr = data_p->threads;
+
+    while (thr) {
+        struct my_thread* next = thr->next;
+        void* exit_value;
+        int ret = erl_drv_thread_join(thr->tid, &exit_value);
+        assert(ret == 0 && exit_value == NULL);
+        driver_free(thr);
+        thr = next;
+    }
     driver_free(data_p);
 }
 
@@ -212,14 +231,14 @@ static void echo_drv_output(ErlDrvData drv_data, char *buf, ErlDrvSizeT len) {
     }
     case ECHO_DRV_REMOTE_SEND_TERM:
     {
-        ErlDrvTid tid;
-        struct remote_send_term *t = malloc(sizeof(struct remote_send_term));
+        struct remote_send_term *t = driver_alloc(sizeof(struct remote_send_term) + len);
         t->len = len-1;
-        t->buf = malloc(len-1);
         t->port = driver_mk_port(port);
         t->caller = data_p->caller;
         memcpy(t->buf, buf+1, t->len);
-        erl_drv_thread_create("tmp_thread", &tid, send_term_thread, t, NULL);
+        erl_drv_thread_create("tmp_thread", &t->thread.tid, send_term_thread, t, NULL);
+        t->thread.next = data_p->threads;
+        data_p->threads = &t->thread;
         break;
     }
     case ECHO_DRV_SAVE_CALLER:
@@ -262,7 +281,7 @@ static ErlDrvSSizeT echo_drv_call(ErlDrvData drv_data,
     return len-command;
 }
 
-static void send_term_thread(void *a)
+static void* send_term_thread(void *a)
 {
     struct remote_send_term *t = (struct remote_send_term*)a;
     ErlDrvTermData term[] = {
@@ -273,5 +292,5 @@ static void send_term_thread(void *a)
             ERL_DRV_TUPLE, 3};
     erl_drv_send_term(t->port, t->caller,
                       term, sizeof(term) / sizeof(ErlDrvTermData));
-    return;
+    return NULL;
 }
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/system_info_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/system_info_SUITE.erl
index 6a772bf7c9..6bd1eb1e1e 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/system_info_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/system_info_SUITE.erl
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ memory(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     %%
 
     erts_debug:set_internal_state(available_internal_state, true),
-    %% Use a large heap size on the controling process in
+    %% Use a large heap size on the controlling process in
     %% order to avoid changes in its heap size during
     %% comparisons.
     MinHeapSize = process_flag(min_heap_size, 1024*1024), 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/time_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/time_SUITE.erl
index 9501569814..c13d03bcc4 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/time_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/time_SUITE.erl
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ local_to_univ_utc(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     end.
 
 
-%% Tests conversion from univeral to local time.
+%% Tests conversion from universal to local time.
 
 univ_to_local(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     test_univ_to_local(test_data()).
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/trace_local_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/trace_local_SUITE.erl
index c297acd78b..5b65889f4a 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/trace_local_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/trace_local_SUITE.erl
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 %%
 
 -module(trace_local_SUITE).
--compile({nowarn_deprecated_function, {erlang,hash,2}}).
 
 -export([basic_test/0, bit_syntax_test/0, return_test/0,
 	 on_and_off_test/0, stack_grow_test/0,
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@
 init_per_testcase(_Case, Config) ->
     Config.
 
-end_per_testcase(_Case, Config) ->
+end_per_testcase(_Case, _Config) ->
     shutdown(),
 
     %% Reloading the module will clear all trace patterns, and
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ suite() ->
     [{ct_hooks,[ts_install_cth]},
      {timetrap, {minutes, 2}}].
 
-all() -> 
+all() ->
     case test_server:is_native(trace_local_SUITE) of
         true -> [not_run];
         false ->
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ all() ->
     end.
 
 
-not_run(Config) when is_list(Config) -> 
+not_run(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     {skipped,"Native code"}.
 
 %% Tests basic local call-trace
@@ -300,7 +299,7 @@ basic_test() ->
     NumMatches = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[],[local]),
     NumMatches = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[],[local]),
     erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
+    [1,1,1,997] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,local,[1]),
@@ -308,17 +307,17 @@ basic_test() ->
     ?CT(?MODULE,local_tail,[1]),
     erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[],[]),
     erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
+    [1,1,1,997] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = lambda_slave(fun() ->
-                                     exported_wrap(1)
-                             end),
-    ?NM, 
+    [1,1,1,997] = lambda_slave(fun() ->
+                                       exported_wrap(1)
+                               end),
+    ?NM,
     erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[],[local]),
     erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = lambda_slave(fun() ->
-                                     exported_wrap(1)
-                             end),
+    [1,1,1,997] = lambda_slave(fun() ->
+                                       exported_wrap(1)
+                               end),
     ?CT(?MODULE,_,_), %% The fun
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported,[1]),
@@ -379,36 +378,36 @@ return_test() ->
     setup([call]),
     erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[{'_',[],[{return_trace}]}],
                          [local]),
-    erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,hash,'_'},[{'_',[],[{return_trace}]}],
+    erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,phash2,'_'},[{'_',[],[{return_trace}]}],
                          [local]),
     erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
-    ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]), 
+    [1,1,1,997] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
+    ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,local,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,local2,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,local_tail,[1]),
-    ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
-    ?RF(erlang,hash,2,1),
-    ?RF(?MODULE,local_tail,1,[1,1]),
-    ?RF(?MODULE,local2,1,[1,1]),
-    ?RF(?MODULE,local,1,[1,1,1]),
-    ?RF(?MODULE,exported,1,[1,1,1,1]),
-    ?RF(?MODULE,exported_wrap,1,[1,1,1,1]),
+    ?CT(erlang,phash2,[1,1023]),
+    ?RF(erlang,phash2,2,997),
+    ?RF(?MODULE,local_tail,1,[1,997]),
+    ?RF(?MODULE,local2,1,[1,997]),
+    ?RF(?MODULE,local,1,[1,1,997]),
+    ?RF(?MODULE,exported,1,[1,1,1,997]),
+    ?RF(?MODULE,exported_wrap,1,[1,1,1,997]),
     shutdown(),
     setup([call,return_to]),
     erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[],
                          [local]),
-    erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,hash,'_'},[],
+    erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,phash2,'_'},[],
                          [local]),
     erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
-    ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]), 
+    [1,1,1,997] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
+    ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,local,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,local2,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,local_tail,[1]),
-    ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
+    ?CT(erlang,phash2,[1,1023]),
     ?RT(?MODULE,local_tail,1),
     ?RT(?MODULE,local,1),
     ?RT(?MODULE,exported,1),
@@ -417,25 +416,25 @@ return_test() ->
     setup([call,return_to]),
     erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,'_','_'},[{'_',[],[{return_trace}]}],
                          [local]),
-    erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,hash,'_'},[{'_',[],[{return_trace}]}],
+    erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,phash2,'_'},[{'_',[],[{return_trace}]}],
                          [local]),
     erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,slave,'_'},false,[local]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
-    ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]), 
+    [1,1,1,997] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
+    ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,local,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,local2,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,local_tail,[1]),
-    ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
-    ?RF(erlang,hash,2,1),
+    ?CT(erlang,phash2,[1,1023]),
+    ?RF(erlang,phash2,2,997),
     ?RT(?MODULE,local_tail,1),
-    ?RF(?MODULE,local_tail,1,[1,1]),
-    ?RF(?MODULE,local2,1,[1,1]),
+    ?RF(?MODULE,local_tail,1,[1,997]),
+    ?RF(?MODULE,local2,1,[1,997]),
     ?RT(?MODULE,local,1),
-    ?RF(?MODULE,local,1,[1,1,1]),
+    ?RF(?MODULE,local,1,[1,1,997]),
     ?RT(?MODULE,exported,1),
-    ?RF(?MODULE,exported,1,[1,1,1,1]),
-    ?RF(?MODULE,exported_wrap,1,[1,1,1,1]),
+    ?RF(?MODULE,exported,1,[1,1,1,997]),
+    ?RF(?MODULE,exported_wrap,1,[1,1,1,997]),
     ?RT(?MODULE,slave,2),
     shutdown(),
     ?NM,
@@ -446,7 +445,6 @@ return_test() ->
     erlang:trace_pattern({'_','_','_'},[],[local]),
     apply_slave(erlang,trace,[Pid, false, [all]]),
     shutdown(),
-
     ok.
 
 on_and_off_test() ->
@@ -456,72 +454,72 @@ on_and_off_test() ->
     LocalTail = fun() ->
                         local_tail(1)
                 end,
-    [1,1] = lambda_slave(LocalTail),
+    [1,997] = lambda_slave(LocalTail),
     ?CT(?MODULE,local_tail,[1]),
     erlang:trace(Pid,true,[return_to]),
-    [1,1] = lambda_slave(LocalTail),
+    [1,997] = lambda_slave(LocalTail),
     ?CT(?MODULE,local_tail,[1]),
     ?RT(?MODULE,_,_),
     0 = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,local_tail,1},[],[global]),
-    [1,1] = lambda_slave(LocalTail),
+    [1,997] = lambda_slave(LocalTail),
     ?NM,
     1 = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},[],[global]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
+    [1,1,1,997] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     1 = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},[],[local]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
+    [1,1,1,997] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?RT(?MODULE,slave,2),
-    1 = erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,hash,2},[],[local]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
+    1 = erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,phash2,2},[],[local]),
+    [1,1,1,997] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
-    ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
+    ?CT(erlang,phash2,[1,1023]),
     ?RT(?MODULE,local_tail,1),
     ?RT(?MODULE,slave,2),
     erlang:trace(Pid,true,[timestamp]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
+    [1,1,1,997] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CTT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
-    ?CTT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
+    ?CTT(erlang,phash2,[1,1023]),
     ?RTT(?MODULE,local_tail,1),
     ?RTT(?MODULE,slave,2),
     erlang:trace(Pid,false,[return_to,timestamp]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
+    [1,1,1,997] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
-    ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
+    ?CT(erlang,phash2,[1,1023]),
     erlang:trace(Pid,true,[return_to]),
-    1 = erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,hash,2},[],[]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
+    1 = erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,phash2,2},[],[]),
+    [1,1,1,997] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
-    ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
+    ?CT(erlang,phash2,[1,1023]),
     ?RT(?MODULE,slave,2),
     1 = erlang:trace_pattern({?MODULE,exported_wrap,1},[],[]),
-    [1,1,1,1] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
+    [1,1,1,997] = apply_slave(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
     ?CT(?MODULE,exported_wrap,[1]),
-    ?CT(erlang,hash,[1,1]),
+    ?CT(erlang,phash2,[1,1023]),
     shutdown(),
     erlang:trace_pattern({'_','_','_'},false,[local]),
     N = erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,'_','_'},true,[local]),
     case erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,'_','_'},false,[local]) of
-        N -> 
+        N ->
             ok;
         Else ->
             exit({number_mismatch, {expected, N}, {got, Else}})
     end,
     case erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,'_','_'},false,[local]) of
-        N -> 
+        N ->
             ok;
         Else2 ->
             exit({number_mismatch, {expected, N}, {got, Else2}})
     end,
     M = erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,'_','_'},true,[]),
     case erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,'_','_'},false,[]) of
-        M -> 
+        M ->
             ok;
         Else3 ->
             exit({number_mismatch, {expected, N}, {got, Else3}})
     end,
     case erlang:trace_pattern({erlang,'_','_'},false,[]) of
-        M -> 
+        M ->
             ok;
         Else4 ->
             exit({number_mismatch, {expected, N}, {got, Else4}})
@@ -930,7 +928,7 @@ local2(Val) ->
     local_tail(Val). %% Tail recursive call
 
 local_tail(Val) ->
-    [Val , erlang:hash(1,1)].
+    [Val , erlang:phash2(1,1023)].
 
 
 
diff --git a/erts/emulator/test/z_SUITE.erl b/erts/emulator/test/z_SUITE.erl
index d663cc548c..a90701c5d2 100644
--- a/erts/emulator/test/z_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/emulator/test/z_SUITE.erl
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ pollset_size(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
 				 "Pollset size information not available"}
 		  end;
 	      false ->
-		  %% Somtimes we have fewer descriptors in the
+		  %% Sometimes we have fewer descriptors in the
 		  %% pollset at the end than when we started, but
 		  %% that is ok as long as there are at least 2
 		  %% descriptors (dist listen socket and
diff --git a/erts/emulator/utils/make_preload b/erts/emulator/utils/make_preload
index 8b629d9517..bcb2e42614 100755
--- a/erts/emulator/utils/make_preload
+++ b/erts/emulator/utils/make_preload
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ foreach $file (@ARGV) {
 	open(FILE, $file) or error("failed to read $file: $!");
 	binmode(FILE);
 	$_ = <FILE>;
-	$_ = beam_strip($_);
+	$_ = beam_strip($_, $file);
 	close(FILE);
 	
 	push(@modules, "  {\"$module\", " . length($_) . ", preloaded_$module},\n");
@@ -147,20 +147,20 @@ sub error {
 }
 
 sub beam_strip {
-    my($beam) = @_;
+    my($beam,$file) = @_;
 
 
     my $size_left = length($beam);
     my %chunk;
     my %needed_chunk = ('Code' => 1,
-			'Atom' => 1,
+			'AtU8' => 1,
 			'ImpT' => 1,
 			'ExpT' => 1,
 			'StrT' => 1,
 			'FunT' => 1,
 			'LitT' => 1);
 
-    die "can't read Beam files for OTP R4 or earlier (sorry)"
+    die "$file: can't read Beam files for OTP R4 or earlier (sorry)"
 	if $beam =~ /^\x7fBEAM!/;
 
     #
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ sub beam_strip {
     die "form size $size greater than size ", $size_left, " of module"
 	if $size > $size_left;
     $size_left -= 4;
-    die "not a BEAM file: IFF form type is not 'BEAM'"
+    die "$file: not a BEAM file: IFF form type is not 'BEAM'"
 	unless $beam_id eq 'BEAM';
 
     #
@@ -197,6 +197,14 @@ sub beam_strip {
     }
 
     #
+    # Abort if there is no new-style 'AtU8' atom chunk.
+    #
+
+    exists $chunk{'AtU8'} or
+        die "$file: no 'AtU8' chunk (re-compile with " .
+        "OTP 20 or later)\n";
+
+    #
     # Create a new beam file with only the useful chunk types.
     #
 
diff --git a/erts/epmd/test/epmd_SUITE.erl b/erts/epmd/test/epmd_SUITE.erl
index 0f0a5acde7..81433c39c4 100644
--- a/erts/epmd/test/epmd_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/epmd/test/epmd_SUITE.erl
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ no_live_killing(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
 %% sends TCP RST at wrong time
 socket_reset_before_alive2_reply_is_written(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     %% - delay_write for easier triggering of race condition
-    %% - relaxed_command_check for gracefull shutdown of epmd even if there
+    %% - relaxed_command_check for graceful shutdown of epmd even if there
     %%   is stuck node.
     ok = epmdrun("-delay_write 1 -relaxed_command_check"),
 
diff --git a/erts/etc/common/escript.c b/erts/etc/common/escript.c
index 71c278881c..4134a3ff36 100644
--- a/erts/etc/common/escript.c
+++ b/erts/etc/common/escript.c
@@ -428,14 +428,6 @@ main(int argc, char** argv)
     argv[argc] = NULL;
 #endif
 
-    emulator = env = get_env("ESCRIPT_EMULATOR");
-    if (emulator == NULL) {
-	emulator = get_default_emulator(argv[0]);
-    }
-
-    if (strlen(emulator) >= PMAX)
-        error("Value of environment variable ESCRIPT_EMULATOR is too large");
-
     /*
      * Allocate the argv vector to be used for arguments to Erlang.
      * Arrange for starting to pushing information in the middle of
@@ -446,21 +438,10 @@ main(int argc, char** argv)
     eargv_base = (char **) emalloc(eargv_size*sizeof(char*));
     eargv = eargv_base;
     eargc = 0;
-    push_words(emulator);
     eargc_base = eargc;
     eargv = eargv + eargv_size/2;
     eargc = 0;
 
-    free_env_val(env);
-
-    /*
-     * Push initial arguments.
-     */
-
-    PUSH("+B");
-    PUSH2("-boot", "start_clean");
-    PUSH("-noshell");
-
     /* Determine basename of the executable */
     for (basename = argv[0]+strlen(argv[0]);
 	 basename > argv[0] && !(IS_DIRSEP(basename[-1]));
@@ -510,6 +491,27 @@ main(int argc, char** argv)
 	efree(absname);
     }
 
+    /* Determine path to emulator */
+    emulator = env = get_env("ESCRIPT_EMULATOR");
+
+    if (emulator == NULL) {
+	emulator = get_default_emulator(scriptname);
+    }
+
+    if (strlen(emulator) >= PMAX)
+        error("Value of environment variable ESCRIPT_EMULATOR is too large");
+
+    /*
+     * Push initial arguments.
+     */
+
+    push_words(emulator);
+    free_env_val(env);
+
+    PUSH("+B");
+    PUSH2("-boot", "start_clean");
+    PUSH("-noshell");
+
     /*
      * Read options from the %%! row in the script and add them as args
      */
diff --git a/erts/etc/common/inet_gethost.c b/erts/etc/common/inet_gethost.c
index bc4893b0eb..ccafd95e51 100644
--- a/erts/etc/common/inet_gethost.c
+++ b/erts/etc/common/inet_gethost.c
@@ -2717,7 +2717,7 @@ BOOL close_mesq(MesQ *q)
 	LeaveCriticalSection(&(q->crit));
 	return FALSE;
     }
-    /* Noone else is supposed to use this object any more */
+    /* No one else is supposed to use this object any more */
     LeaveCriticalSection(&(q->crit));
     DeleteCriticalSection(&(q->crit));
     CloseHandle(q->data_present);
diff --git a/erts/etc/unix/README b/erts/etc/unix/README
index adc6db4300..9985f2675d 100644
--- a/erts/etc/unix/README
+++ b/erts/etc/unix/README
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Note that the Install script will terminate if it detects problems -
 you will have to correct them and re-run the script. If everything
 goes well, the last printout should be:
 
-Erlang installation sucessfully completed
+Erlang installation successfully completed
 
 If it isn't, something went wrong - check the printouts to find out
 what it was.
diff --git a/erts/etc/unix/etp-commands.in b/erts/etc/unix/etp-commands.in
index c7e2ac169d..c689d495e6 100644
--- a/erts/etc/unix/etp-commands.in
+++ b/erts/etc/unix/etp-commands.in
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ define etp-pid-1
   set $etp_pid_1 = (Eterm)($arg0)
   if ($etp_pid_1 & 0xF) == 0x3
     if (etp_arch_bits == 64)
-      if (etp_big_endian)
+      if (etp_endianness > 0)
       	set $etp_pid_data = (unsigned) ((((Uint64) $etp_pid_1) >> 35) & 0x0fffffff)
       else
         set $etp_pid_data = (unsigned) ((((Uint64) $etp_pid_1) >> 4) & 0x0fffffff)
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ define etp-port-1
   set $etp_port_1 = (Eterm)($arg0)
   if ($etp_port_1 & 0xF) == 0x7
     if (etp_arch_bits == 64)
-      if (etp_big_endian)
+      if (etp_endianness > 0)
       	set $etp_port_data = (unsigned) ((((Uint64) $etp_port_1) >> 36) & 0x0fffffff)
       else
         set $etp_port_data = (unsigned) ((((Uint64) $etp_port_1) >> 4) & 0x0fffffff)
@@ -952,30 +952,31 @@ define etp-ref-1
   if ((Eterm)($arg0) & 0x3) != 0x2
     printf "#NotBoxed<%#x>", (Eterm)($arg0)
   else
-    set $etp_ref_1_p = (RefThing *)((Eterm)($arg0) & ~0x3)
+    set $etp_ref_1_p = (ErtsORefThing *)((Eterm)($arg0) & ~0x3)
     if ($etp_ref_1_p->header & 0x3b) != 0x10
       printf "#NotRef<%#x>", $etp_ref_1_p->header
     else
-      set $etp_ref_1_nump = (Uint32 *) 0
-      set $etp_ref_1_error = 0
-      if ($etp_ref_1_p->header >> 6) == 0
-        set $etp_ref_1_error = 1
+      if $etp_ref_1_p->header != etp_ref_header && $etp_ref_1_p->header != etp_magic_ref_header
+        printf "#InternalRefError<%#x>", ($arg0)
       else
-        if $etp_arch64
-          set $etp_ref_1_i = (int) $etp_ref_1_p->data.ui32[0]
-          if (($etp_ref_1_i + 1) > (2 * ($etp_ref_1_p->header >> 6)))
-            set $etp_ref_1_error = 1
-          else
-            set $etp_ref_1_nump = &$etp_ref_1_p->data.ui32[1]
+	set $etp_magic_ref = 0
+	set $etp_ref_1_i = 3
+	set $etp_ref_1_error = 0
+	set $etp_ref_1_nump = (Uint32 *) 0
+	if etp_ref_header == etp_magic_ref_header
+          if $etp_ref_1_p->marker != 0xffffffff
+      	     set $etp_magic_ref = 1
           end
+	else
+	  if $etp_ref_1_p->header == etp_magic_ref_header
+      	     set $etp_magic_ref = 1
+          end
+	end
+        if $etp_magic_ref == 0
+          set $etp_ref_1_nump = $etp_ref_1_p->num
         else
-          set $etp_ref_1_i = (int) ($etp_ref_1_p->header >> 6)
-          set $etp_ref_1_nump = &$etp_ref_1_p->data.ui32[0]
+          set $etp_ref_1_nump = ((ErtsMRefThing *) $etp_ref_1_p)->mb->refn
         end
-      end
-      if $etp_ref_1_error
-        printf "#InternalRefError<%#x>", ($arg0)
-      else
         printf "#Ref<0"
         set $etp_ref_1_i--
         while $etp_ref_1_i >= 0
@@ -1593,7 +1594,7 @@ define etp-term-dump-pid
   set $etp_pid_1 = (Eterm)($arg0)
   if ($etp_pid_1 & 0xF) == 0x3
     if (etp_arch_bits == 64)
-      if (etp_big_endian)
+      if (etp_endianness > 0)
         set $etp_pid_data = (unsigned) ((((Uint64) $etp_pid_1) >> 36) & 0x0fffffff)
       else
         set $etp_pid_data = (unsigned) ((((Uint64) $etp_pid_1) >> 4) & 0x0fffffff)
@@ -1638,7 +1639,7 @@ define etp-pid2pix-1
 # Args: Eterm
 #
    if (etp_arch_bits == 64)
-      if (etp_big_endian)
+      if (etp_endianness > 0)
       	 set $etp_pix = (int) (((Uint64) $arg0) & 0x0fffffff)
       else
       	 set $etp_pix = (int) ((((Uint64) $arg0) >> 32) & 0x0fffffff)
@@ -2271,7 +2272,7 @@ define etp-port-id2pix-1
 # Args: Eterm
 #
    if (etp_arch_bits == 64)
-      if (etp_big_endian)
+      if (etp_endianness > 0)
       	 set $etp_pix = (int) (((Uint64) $arg0) & 0x0fffffff)
       elser
       	 set $etp_pix = (int) ((((Uint64) $arg0) >> 32) & 0x0fffffff)
@@ -2874,7 +2875,7 @@ document etp-disasm
 %---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 % etp-disasm StartI EndI
 %
-% Disassemble the code inbetween StartI and EndI
+% Disassemble the code between StartI and EndI
 %---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 end
 
@@ -2906,10 +2907,14 @@ define etp-system-info
   printf "Compile date: %s\n", etp_compile_date
   printf "Arch: %s\n", etp_arch
   printf "Endianness: "
-  if (etp_big_endian)
+  if (etp_endianness > 0)
     printf "Big\n"
   else
-    printf "Little\n"
+    if (etp_endianness < 0)
+      printf "Little\n"
+    else
+      printf "Unknown\n"
+    end
   end
   printf "Word size: %d-bit\n", etp_arch_bits
   printf "HiPE support: "
diff --git a/erts/etc/unix/run_erl.c b/erts/etc/unix/run_erl.c
index 447720af7e..8f87c59131 100644
--- a/erts/etc/unix/run_erl.c
+++ b/erts/etc/unix/run_erl.c
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ static void pass_on(pid_t childpid)
 		FD_ZERO(&readfds);
 		FD_ZERO(&writefds);
 	    } else {
-		/* Some error occured */
+		/* Some error occurred */
 		ERRNO_ERR0(LOG_ERR,"Error in select.");
 		exit(1);
 	    }
diff --git a/erts/include/internal/gcc/ethr_atomic.h b/erts/include/internal/gcc/ethr_atomic.h
index 231eaa6927..4e252ec3f9 100644
--- a/erts/include/internal/gcc/ethr_atomic.h
+++ b/erts/include/internal/gcc/ethr_atomic.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
  *
  *       Due to this we cannot use the __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST
  *       memory model. For more information see the comment
- *       in the begining of ethr_membar.h in this directory.
+ *       in the beginning of ethr_membar.h in this directory.
  */
 
 #undef ETHR_INCLUDE_ATOMIC_IMPL__
diff --git a/erts/include/internal/gcc/ethr_dw_atomic.h b/erts/include/internal/gcc/ethr_dw_atomic.h
index 675912d86e..df20d0f1ef 100644
--- a/erts/include/internal/gcc/ethr_dw_atomic.h
+++ b/erts/include/internal/gcc/ethr_dw_atomic.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
  *
  *       Due to this we cannot use the __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST
  *       memory model. For more information see the comment
- *       in the begining of ethr_membar.h in this directory.
+ *       in the beginning of ethr_membar.h in this directory.
  */
 
 #undef ETHR_INCLUDE_DW_ATOMIC_IMPL__
diff --git a/erts/lib_src/common/ethr_aux.c b/erts/lib_src/common/ethr_aux.c
index 420efd725f..3501fe335a 100644
--- a/erts/lib_src/common/ethr_aux.c
+++ b/erts/lib_src/common/ethr_aux.c
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ ethr_init_common__(ethr_init_data *id)
     ethr_min_stack_size__ += ethr_pagesize__;
 #endif
     /* The system may think that we need more stack */
-#if defined(PTHREAD_STACK_MIN)
+#if defined(ETHR_HAVE_USABLE_PTHREAD_STACK_MIN)
     if (ethr_min_stack_size__ < PTHREAD_STACK_MIN)
 	ethr_min_stack_size__ = PTHREAD_STACK_MIN;
 #elif defined(_SC_THREAD_STACK_MIN)
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erl_prim_loader.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erl_prim_loader.beam
index 4f4027c74e..5b03019d8e 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erl_prim_loader.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erl_prim_loader.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erl_tracer.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erl_tracer.beam
index c05bc813f0..4cf1b5ed82 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erl_tracer.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erl_tracer.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erlang.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erlang.beam
index 0799546c60..149d30d299 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erlang.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erlang.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_code_purger.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_code_purger.beam
index 1b28a929ce..0a318b70bb 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_code_purger.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_code_purger.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_dirty_process_code_checker.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_dirty_process_code_checker.beam
index e5381d3574..20ee82a134 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_dirty_process_code_checker.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_dirty_process_code_checker.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_internal.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_internal.beam
index 57b3023ea6..fe99cc769b 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_internal.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_internal.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_literal_area_collector.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_literal_area_collector.beam
index 2fab34318e..e925636787 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_literal_area_collector.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_literal_area_collector.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/init.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/init.beam
index ffddf2d54d..fdd87ef739 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/init.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/init.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/otp_ring0.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/otp_ring0.beam
index 3c6a6d4f41..b91fa63e7d 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/otp_ring0.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/otp_ring0.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_eval.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_eval.beam
index 133fda4b13..66cc919bf1 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_eval.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_eval.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_file.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_file.beam
index 99ad863b8b..b5e5ff9f88 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_file.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_file.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_inet.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_inet.beam
index e52e442f8e..994677872c 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_inet.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_inet.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_zip.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_zip.beam
index 122406c834..6f1c82509f 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_zip.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/prim_zip.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/ebin/zlib.beam b/erts/preloaded/ebin/zlib.beam
index c683d395f3..eb9e07af7e 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/ebin/zlib.beam
+++ b/erts/preloaded/ebin/zlib.beam
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/src/erlang.erl b/erts/preloaded/src/erlang.erl
index 86ebb4dd4b..ca181343e3 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/src/erlang.erl
+++ b/erts/preloaded/src/erlang.erl
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 	 await_sched_wall_time_modifications/2,
 	 gather_gc_info_result/1]).
 
--deprecated([hash/2, now/0]).
+-deprecated([now/0]).
 
 %% Get rid of autoimports of spawn to avoid clashes with ourselves.
 -compile({no_auto_import,[spawn_link/1]}).
@@ -83,6 +83,10 @@
       | 'micro_seconds'
       | 'nano_seconds'.
 
+-opaque prepared_code() :: reference().
+
+-export_type([prepared_code/0]).
+
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 %% Native code BIF stubs and their types
 %% (BIF's actually implemented in this module goes last in the file)
@@ -116,7 +120,7 @@
 -export([garbage_collect_message_area/0, get/0, get/1, get_keys/0, get_keys/1]).
 -export([get_module_info/1, get_stacktrace/0, group_leader/0]).
 -export([group_leader/2]).
--export([halt/0, halt/1, halt/2, hash/2,
+-export([halt/0, halt/1, halt/2,
 	 has_prepared_code_on_load/1, hibernate/3]).
 -export([insert_element/3]).
 -export([integer_to_binary/1, integer_to_list/1]).
@@ -791,9 +795,9 @@ external_size(_Term, _Options) ->
     erlang:nif_error(undefined).
 
 %% finish_loading/2
--spec erlang:finish_loading(PreparedCodeBinaries) -> ok | Error when
-      PreparedCodeBinaries :: [PreparedCodeBinary],
-      PreparedCodeBinary :: binary(),
+-spec erlang:finish_loading(PreparedCodeList) -> ok | Error when
+      PreparedCodeList :: [PreparedCode],
+      PreparedCode :: prepared_code(),
       ModuleList :: [module()],
       Error :: {not_purged,ModuleList} | {on_load,ModuleList}.
 finish_loading(_List) ->
@@ -1028,16 +1032,9 @@ halt(Status) ->
 halt(_Status, _Options) ->
     erlang:nif_error(undefined).
 
-%% hash/2
--spec erlang:hash(Term, Range) -> pos_integer() when
-      Term :: term(),
-      Range :: pos_integer().
-hash(_Term, _Range) ->
-    erlang:nif_error(undefined).
-
 %% has_prepared_code_on_load/1
 -spec erlang:has_prepared_code_on_load(PreparedCode) -> boolean() when
-      PreparedCode :: binary().
+      PreparedCode :: prepared_code().
 has_prepared_code_on_load(_PreparedCode) ->
     erlang:nif_error(undefined).
 
@@ -1454,7 +1451,7 @@ timestamp() ->
 -spec erlang:prepare_loading(Module, Code) -> PreparedCode | {error, Reason} when
       Module :: module(),
       Code :: binary(),
-      PreparedCode :: binary(),
+      PreparedCode :: prepared_code(),
       Reason :: bad_file.
 prepare_loading(_Module, _Code) ->
     erlang:nif_error(undefined).
@@ -2014,8 +2011,8 @@ load_module(Mod, Code) ->
     case erlang:prepare_loading(Mod, Code) of
 	{error,_}=Error ->
 	    Error;
-	Bin when erlang:is_binary(Bin) ->
-	    case erlang:finish_loading([Bin]) of
+	Prep when erlang:is_reference(Prep) ->
+	    case erlang:finish_loading([Prep]) of
 		ok ->
 		    {module,Mod};
 		{Error,[Mod]} ->
diff --git a/erts/preloaded/src/init.erl b/erts/preloaded/src/init.erl
index 551ca4ea40..86dc9a2957 100644
--- a/erts/preloaded/src/init.erl
+++ b/erts/preloaded/src/init.erl
@@ -932,15 +932,15 @@ load_rest([], _) ->
 prepare_loading_fun() ->
     fun(Mod, FullName, Beam) ->
 	    case erlang:prepare_loading(Mod, Beam) of
-		Prepared when is_binary(Prepared) ->
+		{error,_}=Error ->
+		    Error;
+		Prepared ->
 		    case erlang:has_prepared_code_on_load(Prepared) of
 			true ->
 			    {ok,{on_load,Beam,FullName}};
 			false ->
 			    {ok,{prepared,Prepared,FullName}}
-		    end;
-		{error,_}=Error ->
-		    Error
+		    end
 	    end
     end.
 
diff --git a/erts/test/install_SUITE.erl b/erts/test/install_SUITE.erl
index 2c7e8972f6..f96dca9563 100644
--- a/erts/test/install_SUITE.erl
+++ b/erts/test/install_SUITE.erl
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 %% %CopyrightEnd%
 %%
 
-
 %%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
 %%% File    : install_SUITE.erl
 %%% Author  : Rickard Green
@@ -63,12 +62,12 @@
 	       erlang_bindir = "",
 	       bindir_symlinks = ""}).
 
-need_symlink_cases() -> 
+need_symlink_cases() ->
     [bin_unreachable_absolute, bin_unreachable_relative,
      bin_same_dir, bin_ok_symlink, bin_dirname_fail,
      bin_no_use_dirname_fail].
 
-dont_need_symlink_cases() -> 
+dont_need_symlink_cases() ->
     [bin_default, bin_default_dirty, bin_outside_eprfx,
      bin_outside_eprfx_dirty, bin_not_abs,
      bin_unreasonable_path, 'bin white space',
@@ -78,10 +77,9 @@ suite() ->
     [{ct_hooks,[ts_install_cth]},
      {timetrap, {minutes, 1}}].
 
-all() -> 
+all() ->
     dont_need_symlink_cases() ++ need_symlink_cases().
 
-
 %%
 %% The test cases
 %%
@@ -533,21 +531,19 @@ bin_no_srcfile(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
 		ChkRes).
 
 %%
-%%
 %% Auxiliary functions
 %%
-%%
 
 expect(X, X) ->
-    io:format("result: ~p~n", [X]),
+    io:format("result: ~tp~n", [X]),
     io:format("-----------------------------------------------~n", []),
     ok;
 expect(X, Y) ->
-    io:format("expected: ~p~n", [X]),
-    io:format("got     : ~p~n", [Y]),
+    io:format("expected: ~tp~n", [X]),
+    io:format("got     : ~tp~n", [Y]),
     io:format("-----------------------------------------------~n", []),
     ct:fail({X,Y}).
-    
+
 init_per_suite(Config) ->
     PD = proplists:get_value(priv_dir, Config),
     SymLinks = case os:type() of
@@ -630,8 +626,8 @@ install_bin(Config, #inst{mkdirs = MkDirs,
 	true -> ok;
 	false -> {comment, "No symlink tests run, since symlinks not working"}
     end.
-				   
-    
+
+
 install_bin2(Config, Inst, ChkRes) ->
     install_bin3(Config, Inst#inst{symlinks = false,
 				   ln_s = "ln"}, ChkRes),
@@ -662,8 +658,6 @@ install_bin2(Config, Inst, ChkRes) ->
 	false ->
 	    ok
     end.
-    
-    
 
 install_bin3(Config,
 		 #inst{cmd_prefix = CMD_PRFX,
@@ -690,20 +684,20 @@ install_bin3(Config,
 	++ "\" --exec-prefix \"" ++ EXEC_PREFIX
 	++ "\" --test-file \"" ++ ResFile ++ "\" erl erlc",
 
-    io:format("CMD_PRFX        = \"~s\"~n"
-	      "LN_S            = \"~s\"~n" 
-	      "BINDIR_SYMLINKS = \"~s\"~n"
-	      "exec_prefix     = \"~s\"~n"
-	      "bindir          = \"~s\"~n"
-	      "erlang_bindir   = \"~s\"~n"
-	      "EXTRA_PREFIX    = \"~s\"~n"
-	      "DESTDIR         = \"~s\"~n",
+    io:format("CMD_PRFX        = \"~ts\"~n"
+	      "LN_S            = \"~ts\"~n"
+	      "BINDIR_SYMLINKS = \"~ts\"~n"
+	      "exec_prefix     = \"~ts\"~n"
+	      "bindir          = \"~ts\"~n"
+	      "erlang_bindir   = \"~ts\"~n"
+	      "EXTRA_PREFIX    = \"~ts\"~n"
+	      "DESTDIR         = \"~ts\"~n",
 	      [CMD_PRFX, LN_S, BINDIR_SYMLINKS, EXEC_PREFIX, BINDIR,
 	       ERLANG_BINDIR, EXTRA_PREFIX, DESTDIR]),
 
-    io:format("$ ~s~n", [Cmd]),
+    io:format("$ ~ts~n", [Cmd]),
     CmdOutput = os:cmd(Cmd),
-    io:format("~s~n", [CmdOutput]),
+    io:format("~ts~n", [CmdOutput]),
     ChkRes(case file:consult(ResFile) of
 	       {ok, [Res]} -> Res;
 	       Err -> exit({result, Err})
diff --git a/erts/test/system_smoke.spec b/erts/test/system_smoke.spec
index 933d1ba22d..99092c1dab 100644
--- a/erts/test/system_smoke.spec
+++ b/erts/test/system_smoke.spec
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
 {suites,"../system_test",[ethread_SUITE]}.
-{cases,"../system_test",otp_SUITE,[undefined_functions]}.
+{cases,"../system_test",otp_SUITE,
+ [undefined_functions,
+  deprecated_not_in_obsolete,
+  obsolete_but_not_deprecated,
+  call_to_size_1,
+  call_to_now_0]}.
 {skip_cases,"../system_test",ethread_SUITE,[max_threads],"Skip"}.
diff --git a/erts/vsn.mk b/erts/vsn.mk
index 028b114068..a0a991f5a9 100644
--- a/erts/vsn.mk
+++ b/erts/vsn.mk
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 # %CopyrightEnd%
 # 
 
-VSN = 8.2.1
+VSN = 8.2.2
 
 # Port number 4365 in 4.2
 # Port number 4366 in 4.3