Merge branch 'bjorn/asn1/further-cleanup/OTP-10588'

* bjorn/asn1/further-cleanup/OTP-10588: (28 commits) Don't export encode_disp/2 and decode_disp/2 in generated modules Remove vestiges of support for the {TypeName,Value} notation Simplify the functions for decoding lengths per,uper: Optimize decoding of the remaining data types per,uper: Optimize decoding of the remaining string types Share all code for dec_gen_prim/3 between per/uper back-ends per,uper: Optimize decoding of the string data types testPrimStrings: Test some constraints By default, encode BIT STRING to bitstrings Teach encode functions to accept a bitstring term for a BIT STRING Fix EXTERNAL 1990/1994 conversion information loss uper: Look up some SizeConstraints at compile-time Enumeration decoding: Don't emit a default clause if it cannot match Slightly optimize per encoding of large INTEGERs with constraints BER run-time: Refactor decoding of string data types Refactor decoding of BIT STRINGs Optimize encoding of ENUMERATED in per and uper Remove the unused run-time modules eldap: Remove calls to undocumented asn1rt* functions BER: Correct bug in 'undec_rest' ...
author: Björn Gustavsson <[email protected]> 2013-01-25 12:45:26 +0100
committer: Björn Gustavsson <[email protected]> 2013-01-25 12:45:26 +0100
commit: 9afbb879f0397a650a7c403911a8cc30daa6dbbe (patch)
tree: 8e0d77907994cd3e6397b12349abd35a63375235 /lib/asn1
parent: 61f8a41388d95f6b8c0e2e5a06de586cecf184c6 (diff)
parent: b06cbaf8cf12a9b6dcbdc6eab873a6212206ef58 (diff)
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otp-9afbb879f0397a650a7c403911a8cc30daa6dbbe.tar.bz2
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52 files changed, 5823 insertions, 7689 deletions
diff --git a/lib/asn1/c_src/asn1_erl_nif.c b/lib/asn1/c_src/asn1_erl_nif.c
index dbff14f9b3..7f1870d5b0 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/c_src/asn1_erl_nif.c
+++ b/lib/asn1/c_src/asn1_erl_nif.c
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 #define ASN1_OK 0
 #define ASN1_ERROR -1
 #define ASN1_COMPL_ERROR 1
-#define ASN1_MEMORY_ERROR 0
 #define ASN1_DECODE_ERROR 2
 #define ASN1_TAG_ERROR -3
 #define ASN1_LEN_ERROR -4
@@ -851,11 +850,8 @@ int ber_decode_begin(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM *term, unsigned char *in_buf,
     };
 
     // The remaining binary after one ASN1 segment has been decoded
-    if ((rest_data = enif_make_new_binary(env, in_buf_len - ib_index, &rest))
-	    == NULL) {
-	*term = enif_make_atom(env, "could_not_alloc_binary");
-	return ASN1_ERROR;
-    }
+    rest_data = enif_make_new_binary(env, in_buf_len - ib_index, &rest);
+    memcpy(rest_data, in_buf+ib_index, in_buf_len - ib_index);
 
     *term = enif_make_tuple2(env, decoded_term, rest);
     return ASN1_OK;
@@ -1221,7 +1217,33 @@ static ERL_NIF_TERM encode_per_complete(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc,
     return enif_make_binary(env, &out_binary);
 }
 
-static ERL_NIF_TERM decode_ber_tlv(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc,
+static ERL_NIF_TERM
+make_ber_error_term(ErlNifEnv* env, unsigned int return_code,
+		    unsigned int err_pos)
+{
+    ERL_NIF_TERM reason;
+    ERL_NIF_TERM t;
+
+    switch (return_code) {
+    case ASN1_TAG_ERROR:
+	reason = enif_make_atom(env, "invalid_tag");
+	break;
+    case ASN1_LEN_ERROR:
+    case ASN1_INDEF_LEN_ERROR:
+	reason = enif_make_atom(env, "invalid_length");
+	break;
+    case ASN1_VALUE_ERROR:
+	reason = enif_make_atom(env, "invalid_value");
+	break;
+    default:
+	reason = enif_make_atom(env, "unknown");
+	break;
+    }
+    t = enif_make_tuple2(env, reason, enif_make_int(env, err_pos));
+    return enif_make_tuple2(env, enif_make_atom(env, "error"), t);
+}
+
+static ERL_NIF_TERM decode_ber_tlv_raw(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc,
 	const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
     ErlNifBinary in_binary;
     ERL_NIF_TERM return_term;
@@ -1230,11 +1252,11 @@ static ERL_NIF_TERM decode_ber_tlv(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc,
     if (!enif_inspect_iolist_as_binary(env, argv[0], &in_binary))
 	return enif_make_badarg(env);
 
-    if ((return_code = ber_decode_begin(env, &return_term, in_binary.data,
-	    in_binary.size, &err_pos)) != ASN1_OK
-    )
-	return enif_make_tuple2(env, enif_make_atom(env,"error"), enif_make_tuple2(env,
-			enif_make_int(env, return_code),enif_make_int(env, err_pos)));
+    return_code = ber_decode_begin(env, &return_term, in_binary.data,
+				   in_binary.size, &err_pos);
+    if (return_code != ASN1_OK) {
+	return make_ber_error_term(env, return_code, err_pos);
+    }
     return return_term;
 }
 
@@ -1297,8 +1319,10 @@ static void unload(ErlNifEnv* env, void* priv_data) {
 
 }
 
-static ErlNifFunc nif_funcs[] = { { "encode_per_complete", 1,
-	encode_per_complete }, { "decode_ber_tlv", 1, decode_ber_tlv }, {
-	"encode_ber_tlv", 1, encode_ber_tlv } };
+static ErlNifFunc nif_funcs[] =  {
+    { "encode_per_complete", 1, encode_per_complete },
+    { "decode_ber_tlv_raw", 1, decode_ber_tlv_raw },
+    { "encode_ber_tlv", 1, encode_ber_tlv },
+};
 
 ERL_NIF_INIT(asn1rt_nif, nif_funcs, load, NULL, upgrade, unload)
diff --git a/lib/asn1/doc/src/asn1_ug.xml b/lib/asn1/doc/src/asn1_ug.xml
index 6cb251c3e2..a0ab98cf7a 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/doc/src/asn1_ug.xml
+++ b/lib/asn1/doc/src/asn1_ug.xml
@@ -324,13 +324,6 @@ erlc -o ../asnfiles -I ../asnfiles -I /usr/local/standards/asn1 Person.asn
             are several places to search in.  The compiler will always
             search the current directory first.</p>
         </item>
-        <tag><c>+compact_bit_string</c></tag>
-        <item>
-          <p>Gives the user the option to use a compact format of the BIT
-            STRING type to save memory space, typing space and
-            increase encode/decode performance, for details see 
-            <seealso marker="#BIT STRING">BIT STRING </seealso>type section.</p>
-        </item>
         <tag><c>+der</c></tag>
         <item>
           <p>DER encoding rule. Only when using <c>-ber</c> option.</p>
@@ -352,22 +345,6 @@ erlc -o ../asnfiles -I ../asnfiles -I /usr/local/standards/asn1 Person.asn
             list or a binary. Earlier versions of the compiler ignored
             those following bytes.</p>
         </item>
-        <tag><c>{inline,OutputName}</c></tag>
-        <item>
-          <p>Compiling with this option gives one output module
-            containing all asn1 run-time functionality. The asn1 specs
-            are provided in a target module <c>Module.set.asn</c> as
-            described in the <seealso marker="asn1ct#asn1set">reference manual</seealso>. The name of the resulting module
-            containing generated encode/decode functions and inlined
-            run-time functions will be <c>OutputName.erl</c>. The
-            merging/inlining of code is done by the <c>igor</c> module
-            of <c>syntax_tools</c>. By default the functions generated
-            from the first asn1 spec in the <c>.set.asn</c> are
-            exported, unless a <c>{export,[atom()]}</c> or
-            <c>{export_all,true}</c> option are provided. The list of
-            atoms are names of choosen asn1 specs from the
-            <c>.set.asn</c> file. See further examples of usage <seealso marker="#inlineExamples">below</seealso></p>
-        </item>
         <tag><c>+'Any Erlc Option'</c></tag>
         <item>
           <p>You may add any option to the Erlang compiler when
@@ -454,21 +431,8 @@ asn1rt:decode('H323-MESSAGES','SomeChoiceType',Bytes).      </pre>
        any reason. Maybe you need to compile the same specs for
        different encoding/decoding standards.</item>
       <item>You want only one resulting module.</item>
-      <item>If it is crucial to have a minimal system. Using
-      <c>{inline,OutputModule}</c> includes all necessary run-time
-       functions of the asn1 application, but skips those modules not
-       used.</item>
-      <item>Upgrading issues: Even if you upgrade your Erlang system
-       you may want to continue running the old asn1 run-time
-       functionality.</item>
-      <item>Performance issues: If you have an asn1 system with a lot
-       of cross references you may gain in performance. Measurements
-       must be done for each case.</item>
     </list>
-    <p>You may choose either the plain multi file compilation that just
-      merges the chosen asn1 specs or the <c>{inline,OutputModule}</c>
-      that also includes the used asn1 run-time functionality.</p>
-    <p>For both cases you need to specify which asn1 specs you will
+    <p>You need to specify which asn1 specs you will
       compile in a module that must have the extension
       <c>.set.asn</c>. You chose name of the module and provide the
       names of the asn1 specs. For instance, if you have the specs
@@ -482,17 +446,7 @@ File3.asn    </pre>
     <code type="none">
 ~> erlc MyModule.set.asn    </code>
     <p>the result will be one merged module <c>MyModule.erl</c> with
-      the generated code from the three asn1 specs. But if you compile
-      with:</p>
-    <code type="none">
-~> erlc +"{inline,'OutputModule'}" MyModule.set.asn    </code>
-    <p>the result will be a module <c>OutputModule.erl</c> that
-      contains all encode/decode functions for the three asn1 specs and
-      all used functions from the asn1 run-time modules, in this case
-      <c>asn1rt_ber_bin</c>. In the former case all encode/decode
-      functions are exported but in the latter only the encode/decode
-      functions of the first spec in the <c>.set.asn</c>, i.e. those
-      from <c>File1.asn</c>.
+      the generated code from the three asn1 specs.
       </p>
   </section>
 
@@ -688,7 +642,7 @@ Day1 = saturday,
 
     <section>
       <marker id="BIT STRING"></marker>
-      <title>BIT STRING </title>
+      <title>BIT STRING</title>
       <p>The BIT STRING type can be used to model information which
         is made up of  arbitrary length series of bits. It is intended
         to be used for a selection of flags, not for binary files.        <br></br>
@@ -699,56 +653,66 @@ Day1 = saturday,
 Bits1 ::= BIT STRING
 Bits2 ::= BIT STRING {foo(0),bar(1),gnu(2),gnome(3),punk(14)}
       </pre>
-      <p>There are four different notations available for representation of
+      <p>There are five different notations available for representation of
         BIT STRING values in Erlang and as input to the encode functions.</p>
       <list type="ordered">
-        <item>A list of binary digits (0 or 1).</item>
-        <item>A hexadecimal number (or an integer). This format should be 
-         avoided, since it is easy to misinterpret a <c>BIT STRING</c> 
-         value in this format. This format may be withdrawn in a future 
-         release.</item>
+	<item>A bitstring. By default, a BIT STRING with no
+	  symbolic names will be decoded to an Erlang bitstring.</item>
         <item>A list of atoms corresponding to atoms in the <c>NamedBitList</c> 
-         in the BIT STRING definition.</item>
+         in the BIT STRING definition. A BIT STRING with symbolic
+	 names will always be decoded to this format.</item>
+        <item>A list of binary digits (0 or 1). This format is always
+	  accepted as input to the encode functions. A BIT STRING will
+	  be decoded to this format if <em>legacy_bit_string</em> option
+	  has been given. <em>This format may be withdrawn in a future
+         release.</em>
+	</item>
         <item>As <c>{Unused,Binary}</c> where <c>Unused</c> denotes how
-         many trailing zero-bits 0 to 7 that are unused in the least
-         significant byte in <c>Binary</c>. This notation is only
-         available when the ASN.1 files have been compiled with the
-        <em>+compact_bit_string</em> flag in the option list. In
-         this case it is possible to use all kinds of notation when
-         encoding. But the result when decoding is always in the
-         compact form. The benefit from this notation is a more
-         compact notation when one has large BIT STRINGs. The
-         encode/decode performance is also much better in the case of
-         large BIT STRINGs. </item>
+          many trailing zero-bits 0 to 7 that are unused in the least
+          significant byte in <c>Binary</c>. This format is always
+	  accepted as input to the encode functions. A BIT STRING will
+	  be decoded to this format if <em>compact_bit_string</em> has
+	  been given. <em>This format may be withdrawn in a future
+          release.</em>
+	</item>
+        <item>A hexadecimal number (or an integer). This format should be
+         avoided, since it is easy to misinterpret a <c>BIT STRING</c>
+         value in this format. <em>This format may be withdrawn in a future
+         release.</em>
+	</item>
       </list>
       <note>
-        <p>Note that it is advised not to use the integer format of a
-          BIT STRING, see the second point above.</p>
+        <p>It is recommended to either use the bitstring format (for
+	  BIT STRINGs with no symbolic names) or a list of symbolic
+	  names (for BIT STRINGs with symbolic names). The other formats
+	  should be avoided since they may be withdrawn in a future
+	  release.
+	</p>
       </note>
       <pre>
-Bits1Val1 = [0,1,0,1,1],
+Bits1Val1 = &lt;&lt;0:1,1:1,0:1,1:1,1:1&gt;&gt;,
 Bits1Val2 = 16#1A,
-Bits1Val3 = {3,&lt;&lt;0:1,1:1,0:1,1:1,1:1,0:3&gt;&gt;}
+Bits1Val3 = {3,&lt;&lt;0:1,1:1,0:1,1:1,1:1,0:3&gt;&gt;},
+Bits1Val4 = [0,1,0,1,1]
       </pre>
-      <p>Note that <c>Bits1Val1</c>, <c>Bits1Val2</c> and <c>Bits1Val3</c>
-        denote the same value.</p>
+      <p>Note that <c>Bits1Val1</c>, <c>Bits1Val2</c>, <c>Bits1Val3</c>,
+	and <c>Bits1Val1</c> denote the same value.</p>
       <pre>
 Bits2Val1 = [gnu,punk],
-Bits2Val2 = 2#1110,
+Bits2Val2 = &lt;&lt;2#1110:4&gt;&gt;,
 Bits2Val3 = [bar,gnu,gnome],
-Bits2Val4 = [0,1,1,1]
       </pre>
-      <p>The above <c>Bits2Val2</c>, <c>Bits2Val3</c> and <c>Bits2Val4</c> 
-        also all denote the same value.</p>
+      <p><c>Bits2Val2</c> and <c>Bits2Val3</c> above denote the same value.</p>
       <p><c>Bits2Val1</c> is assigned symbolic values. The assignment means 
         that the bits corresponding to <c>gnu</c> and <c>punk</c> i.e. bits
         2 and 14 are set to 1 and the rest set to 0. The symbolic values
         appear as a list of values. If a named value appears, which is not
         specified in the type definition, a run-time error will occur.</p>
       <p>The compact notation equivalent to the empty BIT STRING is
-        <c><![CDATA[{0,<<>>}]]></c>, which in the other notations is <c>[]</c> or
+        <c><![CDATA[{0,<<>>}]]></c>, which in the other notations is
+	<c><![CDATA[<<>>]]></c>, <c>[]</c>, or
         <c>0</c>.</p>
-      <p>BIT STRINGS may also be sub-typed with for example a SIZE
+      <p>BIT STRINGS may also be sub-typed with, for example, a SIZE
         specification:</p>
       <pre>
 Bits3 ::= BIT STRING (SIZE(0..31))      </pre>
diff --git a/lib/asn1/doc/src/asn1ct.xml b/lib/asn1/doc/src/asn1ct.xml
index bb3c6a4f0f..b269276a92 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/doc/src/asn1ct.xml
+++ b/lib/asn1/doc/src/asn1ct.xml
@@ -64,8 +64,9 @@
         <v>Asn1module = atom() | string()</v>
         <v>Options = [Option| OldOption]</v>
         <v>Option = ber | per | uper | der | compact_bit_string |
+	legacy_bit_string |
 	noobj | {n2n, EnumTypeName} |{outdir, Dir} | {i, IncludeDir} |
-	asn1config | undec_rest | {inline, OutputName} | inline |
+	asn1config | undec_rest |
 	{macro_name_prefix, Prefix} | {record_name_prefix, Prefix} | verbose | warnings_as_errors</v>
         <v>OldOption = ber | per</v> 
         <v>Reason = term()</v>
@@ -154,22 +155,26 @@ File3.asn        </pre>
           <tag><c>compact_bit_string</c></tag>
           <item>
             <p>
-	      Makes it possible to use a compact notation for values
-              of the BIT STRING type in Erlang. The notation: 
+	      The BIT STRING type will be decoded to the "compact notation".
+	      <em>This option is not recommended for new code.</em>
 	    </p>
-            <pre>
-BitString = {Unused, Binary},
-Unused = integer(),
-Binary = binary()            
-	    </pre>
+	    <p>For details see
+	      <seealso marker="asn1_ug#BIT STRING">
+		BIT STRING type section in the Users Guide
+	      </seealso>.
+	    </p>
+	  </item>
+          <tag><c>legacy_bit_string</c></tag>
+          <item>
             <p>
-	      <c>Unused</c> must be a number in the range 0 to 7. It
-	      tells how many bits in the least significant byte in
-	      <c>Binary</c> that is unused. 
-	      For details see 
+	      The BIT STRING type will be decoded to the legacy
+	      format, i.e. a list of zeroes and ones.
+	      <em>This option is not recommended for new code.</em>
+	    </p>
+	    <p>For details see
 	      <seealso marker="asn1_ug#BIT STRING">
-		BIT STRING type section in users guide
-		</seealso>.
+		BIT STRING type section in the Users Guide
+	      </seealso>.
 	    </p>
 	  </item>
           <tag><c>{n2n, EnumTypeName}</c></tag>
@@ -233,28 +238,6 @@ Binary = binary()
               list or a binary. Earlier versions of the compiler ignored
               those following bytes.</p>
           </item>
-          <tag><c>{inline, OutputName}</c></tag>
-          <item>
-            <p>Compiling with this option gives one output module
-              containing all asn1 run-time functionality. The asn1 specs
-              are provided in a target module Module.set.asn as described
-              <seealso marker="#asn1set">above</seealso>. The name of the
-              resulting module containing generated encode/decode functions
-              and in-lined run-time functions will be
-              <c>OutputName.erl</c>. The merging/in-lining of code is done
-              by the <c>igor</c> module of <c>syntax_tools</c>. By default
-              the functions generated from the first asn1 spec in the
-              <c>.set.asn</c> are exported, unless a
-              <c>{export, [atom()]}</c> or <c>{export_all, true}</c> option
-              are provided. The list of atoms are names of chosen asn1
-              specs from the <c>.set.asn</c> file. </p>
-          </item>
-          <tag><c>inline</c></tag>
-          <item>
-            <p>It is also possible to use the sole argument <c>inline</c>.
-              It is as <c>{inline, OutputName}</c>, but the output file gets the
-              default name of the source <c>.set.asn</c> file.</p>
-          </item>
           <tag><c>{macro_name_prefix, Prefix}</c></tag>
           <item>
               <p>All macro names generated by the compiler are prefixed with
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/.gitignore b/lib/asn1/src/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..621f8f3623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/asn1ct_rtt.erl
+/asn1ct_eval_*.erl
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/Makefile b/lib/asn1/src/Makefile
index 4e61a6374b..faef9efd49 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/src/Makefile
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/Makefile
@@ -42,11 +42,17 @@ RELSYSDIR = $(RELEASE_PATH)/lib/asn1-$(VSN)
 #
 
 EBIN = ../ebin
+
+EVAL_CT_MODULES = asn1ct_eval_ext \
+		  asn1ct_eval_per \
+		  asn1ct_eval_uper
+
 CT_MODULES= \
 	asn1ct \
 	asn1ct_check \
 	asn1_db \
 	asn1ct_pretty_format \
+	asn1ct_func \
 	asn1ct_gen \
 	asn1ct_gen_per \
 	asn1ct_gen_per_rt2ct \
@@ -55,27 +61,16 @@ CT_MODULES= \
 	asn1ct_constructed_ber_bin_v2 \
 	asn1ct_gen_ber_bin_v2 \
 	asn1ct_imm \
+	asn1ct_rtt \
 	asn1ct_value \
 	asn1ct_tok \
 	asn1ct_parser2 \
-	asn1ct_table
+	asn1ct_table \
+	$(EVAL_CT_MODULES)
 
 RT_MODULES= \
 	asn1rt \
-	asn1rt_ber_bin \
-	asn1rt_ber_bin_v2 \
-	asn1rt_per_bin_rt2ct \
-	asn1rt_uper_bin \
-	asn1rt_check \
 	asn1rt_nif
-#	asn1_sup \
-#	asn1_app \
-#	asn1_server
-
-
-# the rt module to use is defined in asn1_records.hrl
-# and must be updated when an incompatible change is done in the rt modules
-
 
 MODULES= $(CT_MODULES) $(RT_MODULES) 
 
@@ -138,6 +133,13 @@ info:
 $(EBIN)/asn1ct.$(EMULATOR):asn1ct.erl
 	 $(V_ERLC) -b$(EMULATOR) -o$(EBIN) $(ERL_COMPILE_FLAGS) -Dvsn=\"$(VSN)\" $<
 
+$(EBIN)/asn1ct_func.$(EMULATOR): asn1ct_func.erl
+	 $(ERLC) -o$(EBIN) $(ERL_COMPILE_FLAGS) -I../rt_templates $<
+
+asn1ct_eval_%.erl: asn1ct_eval_%.funcs
+	erl -pa $(EBIN) -noshell -noinput \
+	   -run prepare_templates gen_asn1ct_eval $< >$@
+
 $(APP_TARGET): $(APP_SRC) ../vsn.mk
 	$(vsn_verbose)sed -e 's;%VSN%;$(VSN);' $< > $@
 
@@ -165,6 +167,34 @@ release_spec: opt
 release_docs_spec:
 
 #
+# Run-time library template files.
+#
+
+RT_TEMPLATES = asn1rtt_check \
+	       asn1rtt_ext \
+	       asn1rtt_per_common \
+               asn1rtt_real_common \
+	       asn1rtt_ber \
+	       asn1rtt_per \
+	       asn1rtt_uper
+
+RT_TEMPLATES_ERL = $(RT_TEMPLATES:%=%.erl)
+RT_TEMPLATES_TARGET = $(RT_TEMPLATES:%=%.$(EMULATOR))
+
+asn1ct_rtt.erl: prepare_templates.$(EMULATOR) $(RT_TEMPLATES_TARGET)
+	erl -noshell -noinput -run prepare_templates gen_asn1ct_rtt \
+           $(RT_TEMPLATES_TARGET) >asn1ct_rtt.erl
+
+prepare_templates.$(EMULATOR): prepare_templates.erl
+	erlc prepare_templates.erl
+
+asn1rtt_%.$(EMULATOR): asn1rtt_%.erl
+	erlc +debug_info $<
+
+$(EVAL_CT_MODULES:%=%.erl): prepare_templates.$(EMULATOR) \
+			    $(EBIN)/asn1ct_rtt.$(EMULATOR)
+
+#
 # Dependencies
 #
 
@@ -175,6 +205,7 @@ $(EBIN)/asn1ct_check.beam: asn1ct_check.erl asn1_records.hrl
 $(EBIN)/asn1ct_constructed_ber_bin_v2.beam: asn1ct_constructed_ber_bin_v2.erl \
   asn1_records.hrl
 $(EBIN)/asn1ct_constructed_per.beam: asn1ct_constructed_per.erl asn1_records.hrl
+$(EBIN)/asn1ct_func.beam: asn1ct_func.erl
 $(EBIN)/asn1ct_gen.beam: asn1ct_gen.erl asn1_records.hrl
 $(EBIN)/asn1ct_gen_ber_bin_v2.beam: asn1ct_gen_ber_bin_v2.erl asn1_records.hrl
 $(EBIN)/asn1ct_gen_per.beam: asn1ct_gen_per.erl asn1_records.hrl
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1.app.src b/lib/asn1/src/asn1.app.src
index 64b33a8a30..f2ee8deb75 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1.app.src
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1.app.src
@@ -3,11 +3,6 @@
   {vsn, "%VSN%"},
   {modules, [
 	asn1rt,
-	asn1rt_per_bin_rt2ct,
-	asn1rt_uper_bin,
-	asn1rt_ber_bin,
-	asn1rt_ber_bin_v2,
-	asn1rt_check,
         asn1rt_nif
              ]},
   {registered, [
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1_records.hrl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1_records.hrl
index 59a9acb7e7..c229aa0759 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1_records.hrl
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1_records.hrl
@@ -24,12 +24,6 @@
 -define(dbg(Fmt, Args), no_debug).
 -endif.
 
--define('RT_BER_BIN',"asn1rt_ber_bin").
--define('RT_PER_BIN',"asn1rt_per_bin").
-
-%% Some encoding are common for BER and PER. Shared code are in RT_COMMON
--define('RT_COMMON',asn1rt_ber_bin).
-
 -define('COMPLETE_ENCODE',1).
 -define('TLV_DECODE',2).
 
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct.erl
index 98877320a0..46602a3071 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct.erl
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 	 maybe_rename_function/3,latest_sindex/0,current_sindex/0,
 	 set_current_sindex/1,next_sindex/0,maybe_saved_sindex/2,
 	 parse_and_save/2,verbose/3,warning/3,warning/4,error/3]).
+-export([get_bit_string_format/0]).
 
 -include("asn1_records.hrl").
 -include_lib("stdlib/include/erl_compile.hrl").
@@ -86,10 +87,14 @@ compile(File) ->
     compile(File,[]).
 
 compile(File, Options0) when is_list(Options0) ->
-    Options1 = translate_options(Options0),
-    Options2 = includes(File,Options1),
-    Includes = strip_includes(Options2),
-    in_process(fun() -> compile_proc(File, Includes, Options2) end).
+    try translate_options(Options0) of
+	Options1 ->
+	    Options2 = includes(File,Options1),
+	    Includes = strip_includes(Options2),
+	    in_process(fun() -> compile_proc(File, Includes, Options2) end)
+    catch throw:Error ->
+	    Error
+    end.
 
 compile_proc(File, Includes, Options) ->
     case input_file_type(File, Includes) of
@@ -115,63 +120,18 @@ compile1(File,Options) when is_list(Options) ->
     DbFile = outfile(Base,"asn1db",Options),
     Includes = [I || {i,I} <- Options],
     EncodingRule = get_rule(Options),
-    asn1ct_table:new(asn1_functab),
     Continue1 = scan(File,Options),
     Continue2 = parse(Continue1,File,Options),
     Continue3 = check(Continue2,File,OutFile,Includes,EncodingRule,
 		      DbFile,Options,[]),
     Continue4 = generate(Continue3,OutFile,EncodingRule,Options),
-    asn1ct_table:delete(asn1_functab),
-    Ret = compile_erl(Continue4,OutFile,Options),
-    case inline(is_inline(Options),
-		inline_output(Options,filename:rootname(File)),
-		lists:concat([OutFile,".erl"]),Options) of
-	false ->
-	    Ret;
-	InlineRet ->
-	    InlineRet
-    end.
+    compile_erl(Continue4, OutFile, Options).
 
 			  
 %%****************************************************************************%%
 %% functions dealing with compiling of several input files to one output file %%
 %%****************************************************************************%%
 
-%%%
-%% inline/4
-%% merges the resulting erlang modules with
-%% the appropriate run-time modules so the resulting module contains all
-%% run-time asn1 functionality. Then compiles the resulting file to beam code.
-%% The merging is done by the igor module. If this function is used in older
-%% versions than R10B the igor module, part of user contribution syntax_tools,
-%% must be provided. It is possible to pass options for the ASN1 compiler
-%% Types:
-%%     Name -> atom()
-%%     Modules -> [filename()]
-%%     Options -> [term()]
-%%     filename() -> file:filename()
-inline(true,Name,Module,Options) ->
-    RTmodule = get_runtime_mod(Options),
-    IgorOptions = igorify_options(remove_asn_flags(Options)),
-    IgorName = list_to_atom(filename:rootname(filename:basename(Name))),
-%    io:format("*****~nName: ~p~nModules: ~p~nIgorOptions: ~p~n*****~n",
-%	      [IgorName,Modules++RTmodule,IgorOptions]),
-    verbose("Inlining modules: ~p in ~p~n",[[Module]++RTmodule,IgorName],Options),
-    case catch igor:merge(IgorName,[Module]++RTmodule,[{preprocess,true},{stubs,false},{backups,false}]++IgorOptions) of
-	{'EXIT',{undef,Reason}} -> %% module igor first in R10B
-	    error("Module igor in syntax_tools must be available:~n~p~n",
-		  [Reason],Options),
-	    {error,'no_compilation'};
-	{'EXIT',Reason} ->
-	    error("Merge by igor module failed due to ~p~n",[Reason],Options),
-	    {error,'no_compilation'};
-	_ ->
-%%	    io:format("compiling output module: ~p~n",[generated_file(Name,IgorOptions)]),
-	    erl_compile(generated_file(Name,IgorOptions),Options)
-    end;
-inline(_,_,_,_) ->
-    false.
-
 %% compile_set/3 merges and compiles a number of asn1 modules
 %% specified in a .set.asn file to one .erl file.
 compile_set(SetBase,Files,Options) 
@@ -183,7 +143,6 @@ compile_set(SetBase,Files,Options)
     DbFile = outfile(SetBase,"asn1db",Options),
     Includes = [I || {i,I} <- Options],
     EncodingRule = get_rule(Options),
-    asn1ct_table:new(asn1_functab),
     ScanRes = scan_set(Files,Options),
     ParseRes = parse_set(ScanRes,Options),
     Result = 
@@ -208,7 +167,6 @@ compile_set(SetBase,Files,Options)
 		{error,{'unexpected error in scan/parse phase',
 			lists:map(fun(X)->element(3,X) end,Other)}}
 	end,
-    asn1ct_table:delete(asn1_functab),
     Result.
 
 check_set(ParseRes,SetBase,OutFile,Includes,EncRule,DbFile,
@@ -222,15 +180,7 @@ check_set(ParseRes,SetBase,OutFile,Includes,EncRule,DbFile,
 
     asn1ct_table:delete([renamed_defs, original_imports, automatic_tags]),
 
-    Ret = compile_erl(Continue2,OutFile,Options),
-    case inline(is_inline(Options),
-		inline_output(Options,filename:rootname(OutFile)),
-		lists:concat([OutFile,".erl"]),Options) of
-	false ->
-	    Ret;
-	InlineRet ->
-	    InlineRet
-    end.
+    compile_erl(Continue2, OutFile, Options).
 
 %% merge_modules/2 -> returns a module record where the typeorval lists are merged,
 %% the exports lists are merged, the imports lists are merged when the 
@@ -817,12 +767,9 @@ check({true,M},File,OutFile,Includes,EncodingRule,DbFile,Options,InputMods) ->
 check({false,M},_,_,_,_,_,_,_) ->
     {false,M}.
 
-generate({true,{M,_Module,GenTOrV}},OutFile,EncodingRule,Options) ->
+generate({true,{M,_Module,GenTOrV}}, OutFile, EncodingRule, Options) ->
     debug_on(Options),
-    case lists:member(compact_bit_string,Options) of
-	true -> put(compact_bit_string,true);
-	_ -> ok
-    end,
+    setup_bit_string_format(Options),
     put(encoding_options,Options),
     asn1ct_table:new(check_functions),
 
@@ -844,8 +791,8 @@ generate({true,{M,_Module,GenTOrV}},OutFile,EncodingRule,Options) ->
 		ok
 	end,
     debug_off(Options),
-    put(compact_bit_string,false),
     erase(encoding_options),
+    cleanup_bit_string_format(),
     erase(tlv_format), % used in ber
     erase(class_default_type),% used in ber
     asn1ct_table:delete(check_functions),
@@ -863,6 +810,26 @@ generate({true,{M,_Module,GenTOrV}},OutFile,EncodingRule,Options) ->
 generate({false,M},_,_,_) ->
     {false,M}.
 
+setup_bit_string_format(Opts) ->
+    Format = case {lists:member(compact_bit_string, Opts),
+		   lists:member(legacy_bit_string, Opts)} of
+		 {false,false} -> bitstring;
+		 {true,false} -> compact;
+		 {false,true} -> legacy;
+		 {true,true} ->
+		     Message = "Contradicting options given: "
+			 "compact_bit_string and legacy_bit_string",
+		     exit({error,{asn1,Message}})
+	     end,
+    put(bit_string_format, Format).
+
+cleanup_bit_string_format() ->
+    erase(bit_string_format).
+
+get_bit_string_format() ->
+    get(bit_string_format).
+
+
 %% parse_and_save parses an asn1 spec and saves the unchecked parse
 %% tree in a data base file.
 %% Does not support multifile compilation files
@@ -1069,18 +1036,8 @@ get_rule(Options) ->
 	    ber
     end.
 
-get_runtime_mod(Options) ->
-    RtMod1=
-	case get_rule(Options) of
-	    per -> "asn1rt_per_bin_rt2ct.erl";
-	    ber -> ["asn1rt_ber_bin_v2.erl"];
-	    uper -> ["asn1rt_uper_bin.erl"]
-	end,
-    RtMod1++["asn1rt_check.erl","asn1rt.erl"].
-
 %% translate_options(NewOptions) -> OldOptions
 %%  Translate the new option names to the old option name.
-%%  FIXME. We should rewrite all code to handle the new option names.
 
 translate_options([ber_bin|T]) ->
     io:format("Warning: The option 'ber_bin' is now called 'ber'.\n"),
@@ -1097,6 +1054,12 @@ translate_options([nif|T]) ->
 translate_options([optimize|T]) ->
     io:format("Warning: The option 'optimize' is no longer needed.\n"),
     translate_options(T);
+translate_options([inline|T]) ->
+    io:format("Warning: The option 'inline' is no longer needed.\n"),
+    translate_options(T);
+translate_options([{inline,_}|_]) ->
+    io:format("ERROR: The option {inline,OutputFilename} is no longer supported.\n"),
+    throw({error,{unsupported_option,inline}});
 translate_options([H|T]) ->
     [H|translate_options(T)];
 translate_options([]) -> [].
@@ -1122,6 +1085,7 @@ remove_asn_flags(Options) ->
 	  X /= get_rule(Options),
 	  X /= optimize,
 	  X /= compact_bit_string,
+	  X /= legacy_bit_string,
 	  X /= debug,
 	  X /= asn1config,
 	  X /= record_name_prefix].
@@ -1134,23 +1098,6 @@ debug_on(Options) ->
 	    true
     end.
 
-igorify_options(Options) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(outdir,1,Options) of
-	{value,{_,Dir}} ->
-	    Options1 = lists:keydelete(outdir,1,Options),
-	    [{dir,Dir}|Options1];
-	_ ->
-	    Options
-    end.
-
-generated_file(Name,Options) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(dir,1,Options) of
-	{value,{_,Dir}} ->
-	    filename:join([Dir,filename:basename(Name)]);
-	_ ->
-	    Name
-    end.
-
 debug_off(_Options) ->
     erase(asndebug).
 
@@ -1191,21 +1138,6 @@ option_add(Option, Options, Fun) ->
 strip_includes(Includes) ->
     [I || {i, I} <- Includes].
 
-is_inline(Options) ->
-    case lists:member(inline,Options) of
-	true -> true;
-	_ ->
-	    lists:keymember(inline,1,Options)
-    end.
-
-inline_output(Options,Default) ->
-    case [X||{inline,X}<-Options] of
-	[OutputName] ->
-	    OutputName;
-	_ -> 
-	    Default
-    end.
-		    
 		    
 %% compile(AbsFileName, Options)
 %%   Compile entry point for erl_compile.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_constructed_ber_bin_v2.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_constructed_ber_bin_v2.erl
index 78cb9297d8..d5097e83c5 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_constructed_ber_bin_v2.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_constructed_ber_bin_v2.erl
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ gen_encode_sequence(Erules,Typename,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
     ValName = 
 	case Typename of
 	    ['EXTERNAL'] ->
-		emit([indent(4),
-		      "NewVal = asn1rt_check:transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Val),",
-		      nl]),
+		emit([indent(4),"NewVal = ",
+		      {call,ext,transform_to_EXTERNAL1990,["Val"]},
+		      com,nl]),
 		"NewVal";
 	    _ ->
 	    "Val"
@@ -162,7 +162,8 @@ gen_encode_sequence(Erules,Typename,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
     emit([nl,"   BytesSoFar = "]),
     case SeqOrSet of
 	'SET' when (D#type.def)#'SET'.sorted == dynamic ->
-	    emit("asn1rt_check:dynamicsort_SET_components(["),
+	    asn1ct_func:need({ber,dynamicsort_SET_components,1}),
+	    emit("dynamicsort_SET_components(["),
 	    mkvlist(asn1ct_name:all(encBytes)),
 	    emit(["]),",nl]);
 	_ ->
@@ -177,8 +178,8 @@ gen_encode_sequence(Erules,Typename,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
 	    mkvplus(AllLengths)
     end,
     emit([",",nl]),
-    emit(["?RT_BER:encode_tags(TagIn, BytesSoFar, LenSoFar)."
-	  ,nl]).
+    call(encode_tags, ["TagIn","BytesSoFar","LenSoFar"]),
+    emit([".",nl]).
 
 gen_decode_sequence(Erules,Typename,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
     asn1ct_name:start(),
@@ -207,7 +208,8 @@ gen_decode_sequence(Erules,Typename,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
 	_ ->
 	    emit([{curr,tlv}," = "])
     end,
-    emit(["?RT_BER:match_tags(",{prev,tlv},",TagIn), ",nl]),
+    call(match_tags, [{prev,tlv},"TagIn"]),
+    emit([com,nl]),
     asn1ct_name:new(tlv),
     asn1ct_name:new(v),
 
@@ -287,8 +289,9 @@ gen_decode_sequence(Erules,Typename,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
 			  "', "]),
 		    mkvlist(asn1ct_name:all(term)),
 		    emit(["},",nl]),
-		    emit(["    asn1rt_check:transform_to_EXTERNAL1994",
-			  "(OldFormat).",nl]);
+		    emit(["    ",
+			  {call,ext,transform_to_EXTERNAL1994,
+			   ["OldFormat"]},".",nl]);
 		_ ->
 		    emit(["   {'",RecordName,"', "]),
 		    mkvlist(asn1ct_name:all(term)),
@@ -371,7 +374,8 @@ gen_decode_set(Erules,Typename,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
 	_ ->
 	    emit([{curr,tlv}," = "])
     end,
-    emit(["?RT_BER:match_tags(",{prev,tlv},",TagIn), ",nl]),
+    call(match_tags, [{prev,tlv},"TagIn"]),
+    emit([com,nl]),
     asn1ct_name:new(v),
 
 
@@ -492,7 +496,8 @@ gen_encode_sof(Erules,Typename,_InnerTypename,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
     emit(["   {EncBytes,EncLen} = 'enc_",asn1ct_gen:list2name(Typename),
 	  "_components'(Val",Objfun,",[],0),",nl]),
 
-    emit(["   ?RT_BER:encode_tags(TagIn, EncBytes, EncLen).",nl,nl]),
+    emit(["   ",{call,ber,encode_tags,["TagIn","EncBytes","EncLen"]},
+	  ".",nl,nl]),
 
     gen_encode_sof_components(Erules,Typename,SeqOrSetOf,Cont).
     
@@ -512,8 +517,8 @@ gen_decode_sof(Erules,TypeName,_InnerTypeName,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
     emit(["   %%-------------------------------------------------",nl]),
     
     asn1ct_name:new(tlv),
-    emit([{curr,tlv},
-	  " = ?RT_BER:match_tags(",{prev,tlv},",TagIn), ",nl]),
+    emit([{curr,tlv}," = ",
+	  {call,ber,match_tags,[{prev,tlv},"TagIn"]},com,nl]),
     asn1ct_name:new(v),
 
     emit(["["]),
@@ -551,8 +556,9 @@ gen_encode_sof_components(Erules,Typename,SeqOrSetOf,Cont)
 
     case catch lists:member(der,get(encoding_options)) of
 	true when SeqOrSetOf=='SET OF'->
+	    asn1ct_func:need({ber,dynamicsort_SETOF,1}),
 	    emit([indent(3),
-		  "{asn1rt_check:dynamicsort_SETOF(AccBytes),AccLen};",nl,nl]);
+		  "{dynamicsort_SETOF(AccBytes),AccLen};",nl,nl]);
 	_ ->
 	    emit([indent(3),"{lists:reverse(AccBytes),AccLen};",nl,nl])
     end,
@@ -672,8 +678,9 @@ gen_dec_sequence_call2(Erules,TopType,{Root1,EList,Root2},_Ext,DecObjInf) ->
     %% including the first mandatory element.
     TagList = get_root2_taglist(Root2,[]),
     emit({com,nl}),
-    emit([{curr,tlv}," = ?RT_BER:skip_ExtensionAdditions(",
-	  {prev,tlv},", ",{asis,TagList},"),",nl]),
+    emit([{curr,tlv}," = ",
+	  {call,ber,skip_ExtensionAdditions,
+	   [{prev,tlv},{asis,TagList}]},com,nl]),
     asn1ct_name:new(tlv),
     gen_dec_sequence_call1(Erules,TopType,Root2,
 			   length(Root1)+length(EList),noext,
@@ -805,8 +812,8 @@ gen_enc_choice1(Erules,TopType,_Tag,CompList,_Ext) ->
     emit(["   {EncBytes,EncLen} = case element(1,Val) of",nl]),
     gen_enc_choice2(Erules,TopType,CompList),
     emit([nl,"   end,",nl,nl]),
-    
-    emit(["?RT_BER:encode_tags(TagIn, EncBytes, EncLen).",nl]).
+    call(encode_tags, ["TagIn","EncBytes","EncLen"]),
+    emit([".",nl]).
 
 
 gen_enc_choice2(Erules,TopType,[H1|T]) when is_record(H1,'ComponentType') ->
@@ -859,8 +866,8 @@ gen_enc_choice2(_Erules,_TopType,[])  ->
 gen_dec_choice(Erules,TopType, _ChTag, CompList, Ext) ->
     asn1ct_name:clear(),
     asn1ct_name:new(tlv),
-    emit([{curr,tlv},
-	  " = ?RT_BER:match_tags(",{prev,tlv},",TagIn), ",nl]),
+    emit([{curr,tlv}," = ",
+	  {call,ber,match_tags,[{prev,tlv},"TagIn"]},com,nl]),
     asn1ct_name:new(tlv),
     asn1ct_name:new(v),
     emit(["case (case ",{prev,tlv},
@@ -876,8 +883,8 @@ gen_dec_choice(Erules,TopType, _ChTag, CompList, Ext) ->
 	    emit([indent(9),"exit({error,{asn1,{invalid_choice_tag,",
 		  {curr,else},"}}})",nl]);
 	_ ->
-	    emit([indent(9),"{asn1_ExtAlt, ?RT_BER:encode(",{curr,else},
-		  asn1ct_gen:nif_parameter(),")}",nl])
+	    emit([indent(9),"{asn1_ExtAlt,",
+		  {call,ber,ber_encode,[{curr,else}]},"}",nl])
     end,
     emit([indent(3),"end",nl]),
     asn1ct_name:new(tag),
@@ -1018,29 +1025,20 @@ gen_enc_line(Erules,TopType,Cname,Type,Element,Indent,OptOrMand,Assign,EncObj)
 		    case OptOrMand of
 			mandatory ->
 			    emit(["{",{curr,encBytes},",",{curr,encLen},
-				  "} = "]),
-			    emit(["?RT_BER:encode_open_type(",{curr,tmpBytes},
-				  ",",{asis,Tag},")"]);
+				  "} = ",
+				  {call,ber,encode_open_type,
+				   [{curr,tmpBytes},{asis,Tag}]},nl]);
 			_ ->
-%			    emit(["{",{next,tmpBytes},", _} = "]),
 			    emit(["{",{next,tmpBytes},",",{curr,tmpLen},
-				  "} = "]),
-			    emit(["?RT_BER:encode_open_type(",{curr,tmpBytes},
-				  ",",{asis,Tag},"),",nl]),
+				  "} = ",
+				  {call,ber,encode_open_type,
+				   [{curr,tmpBytes},{asis,Tag}]},com,nl]),
 			    emit(IndDeep),
 			    emit(["{",{next,tmpBytes},", ",{curr,tmpLen},"}"])
 		    end;
 		Err ->
 		    throw({asn1,{'internal error',Err}})
 	    end;
-%% 	{{#'ObjectClassFieldType'{type={objectfield,PrimFieldName1,
-%% 					PFNList}},_},
-%% 	 {componentrelation,_,_}} ->
-%% 	    %% this is when the dotted list in the FieldName has more
-%% 	    %% than one element
-%% 	    {_LeadingAttrName,Fun} = EncObj,
-%% 	    emit(["?RT_BER:encode_open_type(",Fun,"(",{asis,PrimFieldName1},
-%% 		  ", ",Element,", ",{asis,PFNList},"))"]);
 	_ ->
 	    case WhatKind of
 		{primitive,bif} ->
@@ -1238,15 +1236,11 @@ gen_dec_call({typefield,_},_,_,_Cname,Type,BytesVar,Tag,_,_,false,_) ->
     asn1ct_name:new(tmptlv),
 
     {FirstPFName,RestPFName} = 
-% 	asn1ct_gen:get_constraint(Type#type.constraint,
-% 				  tableconstraint_info),
 	(Type#type.def)#'ObjectClassFieldType'.fieldname,
     emit([nl,indent(6),"begin",nl]),
-%    emit([indent(9),{curr,opendec}," = ?RT_BER:decode_open_type(",
-    emit([indent(9),{curr,tmptlv}," = ?RT_BER:decode_open_type(",
-	  BytesVar,",",{asis,Tag},asn1ct_gen:nif_parameter(),"),",nl]),
-%     emit([indent(9),"{",{curr,tmptlv},",_} = ?RT_BER:decode(",
-% 	  {curr,opendec},"),",nl]),
+    emit([indent(9),{curr,tmptlv}," = ",
+	  {call,ber,decode_open_type,
+	   [BytesVar,{asis,Tag}]},com,nl]),
 
     emit([indent(9),"case (catch ObjFun(",{asis,FirstPFName},
 	  ", ",{curr,tmptlv},", ",{asis,RestPFName},
@@ -1259,8 +1253,7 @@ gen_dec_call({typefield,_},_,_,_Cname,Type,BytesVar,Tag,_,_,false,_) ->
     emit([indent(9),"end",nl,indent(6),"end",nl]),
     [];
 gen_dec_call({typefield,_},_,_,Cname,Type,BytesVar,Tag,_,_,_DecObjInf,OptOrMandComp) ->
-    emit(["?RT_BER:decode_open_type(",BytesVar,",",{asis,Tag},
-	  asn1ct_gen:nif_parameter(),")"]),
+    call(decode_open_type, [BytesVar,{asis,Tag}]),
     RefedFieldName = 
 % 	asn1ct_gen:get_constraint(Type#type.constraint,
 % 				  tableconstraint_info),
@@ -1268,8 +1261,7 @@ gen_dec_call({typefield,_},_,_,Cname,Type,BytesVar,Tag,_,_,_DecObjInf,OptOrMandC
     [{Cname,RefedFieldName,asn1ct_gen:mk_var(asn1ct_name:curr(term)),
       asn1ct_gen:mk_var(asn1ct_name:curr(tmpterm)),Tag,OptOrMandComp}];
 gen_dec_call({objectfield,PrimFieldName,PFNList},_,_,Cname,_,BytesVar,Tag,_,_,_,OptOrMandComp) ->
-    emit(["?RT_BER:decode_open_type(",BytesVar,",",{asis,Tag},
-	  asn1ct_gen:nif_parameter(),")"]),
+    call(decode_open_type, [BytesVar,{asis,Tag}]),
     [{Cname,{PrimFieldName,PFNList},asn1ct_gen:mk_var(asn1ct_name:curr(term)),
       asn1ct_gen:mk_var(asn1ct_name:curr(tmpterm)),Tag,OptOrMandComp}];
 gen_dec_call(InnerType,Erules,TopType,Cname,Type,BytesVar,Tag,PrimOptOrMand,
@@ -1301,7 +1293,6 @@ gen_dec_call1({primitive,bif},InnerType,Erules,TopType,Cname,Type,BytesVar,
 	    asn1ct:add_generated_refed_func({[Cname|TopType],undecoded,
 					     Tag,Type}),
 	    asn1ct:update_gen_state(namelist,Rest),
-%	    emit(["?RT_BER:match_tags(",BytesVar,",",{asis,Tag},")"]);
 	    emit(["{'",asn1ct_gen:list2name([Cname|TopType]),"',",
 		  BytesVar,"}"]);
 	{_,{fixedtypevaluefield,_,Btype}} ->
@@ -1320,7 +1311,6 @@ gen_dec_call1('ASN1_OPEN_TYPE',_InnerType,Erules,TopType,Cname,Type,BytesVar,
 	    asn1ct:update_gen_state(namelist,Rest),
 	    emit(["{'",asn1ct_gen:list2name([Cname|TopType]),"',",
 		  BytesVar,"}"]);
-%	    emit(["?RT_BER:match_tags(",BytesVar,",",{asis,Tag},")"]);
 	{_,#'ObjectClassFieldType'{type=OpenType}} ->
 	    ?ASN1CT_GEN_BER:gen_dec_prim(Erules,#type{def=OpenType},
 					 BytesVar,Tag,[],
@@ -1393,7 +1383,8 @@ gen_dec_call1(WhatKind,_,_Erules,TopType,Cname,Type,BytesVar,
 						     parts,
 						     [],Type}),
 		    emit(["{'",asn1ct_gen:list2name([Cname|TopType]),"',"]),
-		    EmitDecFunCall("?RT_BER:match_tags"),
+		    asn1ct_func:need({ber,match_tags,2}),
+		    EmitDecFunCall("match_tags"),
 		    emit("}");
 		_ ->
 		    {DecFunName,_,_}=
@@ -1522,3 +1513,6 @@ value_match1(Value,[],Acc,Depth) ->
     Acc ++ Value ++ lists:concat(lists:duplicate(Depth,")"));
 value_match1(Value,[{VI,_}|VIs],Acc,Depth) ->
     value_match1(Value,VIs,Acc++lists:concat(["element(",VI,","]),Depth+1).
+
+call(F, Args) ->
+    asn1ct_func:call(ber, F, Args).
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_constructed_per.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_constructed_per.erl
index 27070be966..3c59c73108 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_constructed_per.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_constructed_per.erl
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 %-compile(export_all).
 
 -import(asn1ct_gen, [emit/1,demit/1,get_record_name_prefix/0]).
+-import(asn1ct_func, [call/3]).
 
 %% ENCODE GENERATOR FOR SEQUENCE TYPE  ** **********
 
@@ -66,9 +67,9 @@ gen_encode_constructed(Erule,Typename,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
 	       end,
     case Typename of
 	['EXTERNAL'] ->
-	    emit({{next,val},
-		  " = asn1rt_check:transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(",
-		  {curr,val},"),",nl}),
+	    emit([{next,val}," = ",
+		  {call,ext,transform_to_EXTERNAL1990,
+		   [{curr,val}]},com,nl]),
 	    asn1ct_name:new(val);
 	_ ->
 	    ok
@@ -86,7 +87,8 @@ gen_encode_constructed(Erule,Typename,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
 				end,asn1ct_name:all(fixopt)),
 	    emit({"{",{next,val},",Opt} = {",{curr,val},",[",FixOpts,"]},",nl});
 	{_,_,false} ->
-	    Fixoptcall = ",Opt} = ?RT_PER:fixoptionals(",
+	    asn1ct_func:need({Erule,fixoptionals,3}),
+	    Fixoptcall = ",Opt} = fixoptionals(",
 	    emit({"{",{next,val},Fixoptcall,
 		  {asis,Optionals},",",length(Optionals),
 		  ",",{curr,val},"),",nl})
@@ -121,8 +123,9 @@ gen_encode_constructed(Erule,Typename,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
 		    lists:foreach(ExtGroupFun,ExtGroupPosLenList)
 	    end,
 	    asn1ct_name:new(tmpval),
-	    emit(["Extensions = ?RT_PER:fixextensions(",{asis,Ext},",",
-		  {curr,val},"),",nl]);
+	    emit(["Extensions = ",
+		  {call,Erule,fixextensions,[{asis,Ext},{curr,val}]},
+		  com,nl]);
 	_ -> true
     end,
     EncObj =
@@ -191,10 +194,10 @@ gen_encode_constructed(Erule,Typename,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
     MaybeComma1 = 
 	case Ext of
 	    {ext,_Pos,NumExt2} when NumExt2 > 0 -> 
-		emit({"?RT_PER:setext(Extensions =/= [])"}),
+		call(Erule, setext, ["Extensions =/= []"]),
 		", ";
 	    {ext,_Pos,_} -> 
-		emit({"?RT_PER:setext(false)"}),
+		call(Erule, setext, ["false"]),
 		", ";
 	    _ -> 
 		""
@@ -383,9 +386,10 @@ gen_dec_constructed_imm_2(Typename, CompList,
 		  "'"}),
 	    mkvlist(asn1ct_name:all(term)),
 	    emit({"},",nl}),
-	    emit({"   ASN11994Format =",nl,
-		  "      asn1rt_check:transform_to_EXTERNAL1994",
-		  "(OldFormat),",nl}),
+	    emit(["   ASN11994Format =",nl,
+		  "      ",
+		  {call,ext,transform_to_EXTERNAL1994,
+		   ["OldFormat"]},com,nl]),
 	    emit("   {ASN11994Format,");
 	_ ->
 	    emit(["{{'",RecordName,"'"]),
@@ -513,7 +517,7 @@ gen_encode_sof(Erule,Typename,SeqOrSetOf,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
 	    _->
 		""
 	end,
-    gen_encode_length(SizeConstraint, is_optimized(Erule)),
+    gen_encode_length(Erule, SizeConstraint),
     emit({indent(3),"'enc_",asn1ct_gen:list2name(Typename),
 	      "_components'(Val",ObjFun,", [])"}),
     emit({nl,"].",nl}),
@@ -527,7 +531,7 @@ gen_encode_sof(Erule,Typename,SeqOrSetOf,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
 
 
 %% Logic copied from asn1_per_bin_rt2ct:encode_constrained_number
-gen_encode_length({Lb,Ub},true) when Ub =< 65535, Lb >= 0 ->
+gen_encode_length(per, {Lb,Ub}) when Ub =< 65535, Lb >= 0 ->
     Range = Ub - Lb + 1,
     V2 = ["(length(Val) - ",Lb,")"],
     Encode = if
@@ -554,12 +558,20 @@ gen_encode_length({Lb,Ub},true) when Ub =< 65535, Lb >= 0 ->
 		 Range  =< 65536 ->
 		     {"[20,2,<<",V2,":16>>]"};
 		 true ->
-		     {"?RT_PER:encode_length(",{asis,{Lb,Ub}},",length(Val))"}
+		     {call,per,encode_length,
+		      [{asis,{Lb,Ub}},"length(Val)"]}
 	     end,
     emit({nl,Encode,",",nl});
-gen_encode_length(SizeConstraint,_) ->
-    emit({nl,indent(3),"?RT_PER:encode_length(",
-	  {asis,SizeConstraint},",length(Val)),",nl}).
+gen_encode_length(Erules, SizeConstraint) ->
+    emit([nl,indent(3),
+	  case SizeConstraint of
+	      undefined ->
+		  {call,Erules,encode_length,["length(Val)"]};
+	      _ ->
+		  {call,Erules,encode_length,
+		   [{asis,SizeConstraint},"length(Val)"]}
+	  end,
+	  com,nl]).
 
 gen_decode_sof(Erules,Typename,SeqOrSetOf,D) when is_record(D,type) ->
     asn1ct_name:start(),
@@ -1003,7 +1015,9 @@ gen_enc_line(Erule,TopType,Cname,Type,Element, _Pos,DynamicEnc,Ext) ->
 
     case Ext of
 	{ext,_Ep1,_} ->
-	    emit(["?RT_PER:encode_open_type(dummy,?RT_PER:complete("]);
+	    asn1ct_func:need({Erule,encode_open_type,1}),
+	    asn1ct_func:need({Erule,complete,1}),
+	    emit(["encode_open_type(complete("]);
 	_ -> true
     end,
 
@@ -1015,7 +1029,9 @@ gen_enc_line(Erule,TopType,Cname,Type,Element, _Pos,DynamicEnc,Ext) ->
 			{notype,T} ->
 			    throw({error,{notype,type_from_object,T}});
 			{Name,RestFieldNames} when is_atom(Name) ->
-			    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_open_type([],?RT_PER:complete(",nl}),
+			    asn1ct_func:need({Erule,complete,1}),
+			    asn1ct_func:need({Erule,encode_open_type,1}),
+			    emit({"encode_open_type(complete(",nl}),
 			    emit({"   ",Fun,"(",{asis,Name},", ",
 				  Element,", ",{asis,RestFieldNames},")))"});
 			Other ->
@@ -1025,8 +1041,10 @@ gen_enc_line(Erule,TopType,Cname,Type,Element, _Pos,DynamicEnc,Ext) ->
 	{objectfield,PrimFieldName1,PFNList} ->
 	    case DynamicEnc of
 		{_LeadingAttrName,Fun} ->
-		    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_open_type([],"
-			  "?RT_PER:complete(",nl}),
+		    asn1ct_func:need({Erule,complete,1}),
+		    asn1ct_func:need({Erule,encode_open_type,1}),
+		    emit({"encode_open_type("
+			  "complete(",nl}),
 		    emit({"   ",Fun,"(",{asis,PrimFieldName1},
 			  ", ",Element,", ",{asis,PFNList},")))"})
 	    end;
@@ -1105,8 +1123,9 @@ gen_dec_components_call(Erule,TopType,CL={Root1,ExtList,Root2},
     NumExtsToSkip = ext_length(ExtList),
     Finish =
 	fun(St) ->
-		emit([{next,bytes},"= ?RT_PER:skipextensions(",{curr,bytes},",",
-		      NumExtsToSkip+1,",Extensions)"]),
+		emit([{next,bytes},"= "]),
+		call(Erule, skipextensions,
+		     [{curr,bytes},NumExtsToSkip+1,"Extensions"]),
 		asn1ct_name:new(bytes),
 		St
 	end,
@@ -1276,8 +1295,8 @@ gen_dec_comp_call(Comp, Erule, TopType, Tpos, OptTable, DecInfObj,
 				St
 			end},
     [{group,[{safe,Comment},{safe,Preamble},
-	     {safe,OptOrDef}|Lines]++
-      [{safe,Postamble},{safe,AdvBuffer}]}].
+	     OptOrDef|Lines]++
+      [Postamble,{safe,AdvBuffer}]}].
 
 is_mandatory_predef_tab_c(noext, mandatory,
 			  {"got objfun through args","ObjFun"}) ->
@@ -1499,7 +1518,6 @@ gen_dec_line_dec_inf(Comp, DecInfObj) ->
 gen_dec_line_other(Erule, Atype, TopType, Comp) ->
     #'ComponentType'{name=Cname,typespec=Type} = Comp,
     CurrMod = get(currmod),
-    Ctgenmod = asn1ct_gen:ct_gen_module(Erule),
     case asn1ct_gen:type(Atype) of
 	#'Externaltypereference'{module=CurrMod,type=EType} ->
 	    fun(BytesVar) ->
@@ -1513,16 +1531,16 @@ gen_dec_line_other(Erule, Atype, TopType, Comp) ->
 	{primitive,bif} ->
 	    case Atype of
 		{fixedtypevaluefield,_,Btype} ->
-		    gen_dec_prim(Ctgenmod, Erule, Btype);
+		    asn1ct_gen_per:gen_dec_imm(Erule, Btype);
 		_ ->
-		    gen_dec_prim(Ctgenmod, Erule, Type)
+		    asn1ct_gen_per:gen_dec_imm(Erule, Type)
 	    end;
 	'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE' ->
 	    case Type#type.def of
 		#'ObjectClassFieldType'{type=OpenType} ->
-		    gen_dec_prim(Ctgenmod, Erule, #type{def=OpenType});
+		    asn1ct_gen_per:gen_dec_imm(Erule, #type{def=OpenType});
 		_ ->
-		    gen_dec_prim(Ctgenmod, Erule, Type)
+		    asn1ct_gen_per:gen_dec_imm(Erule, Type)
 	    end;
 	#typereference{val=Dname} ->
 	    fun(BytesVar) ->
@@ -1548,40 +1566,34 @@ gen_dec_line_other(Erule, Atype, TopType, Comp) ->
 	    end
     end.
 
-gen_dec_prim(Ctgenmod, Erule, Type) ->
-    case asn1ct_gen_per:gen_dec_imm(Erule, Type) of
-	no ->
-	    fun(BytesVar) ->
-		    Ctgenmod:gen_dec_prim(Erule, Type, BytesVar)
-	    end;
-	Imm ->
-	    Imm
-    end.
-
 gen_enc_choice(Erule,TopType,CompList,Ext) ->
-    gen_enc_choice_tag(CompList, [], Ext),
+    gen_enc_choice_tag(Erule, CompList, [], Ext),
     emit({com,nl}),
     emit({"case element(1,Val) of",nl}),
     gen_enc_choice2(Erule,TopType, CompList, Ext),
     emit({nl,"end"}).
 
-gen_enc_choice_tag({C1,C2},_,_) ->
+gen_enc_choice_tag(Erule, {C1,C2}, _, _) ->
     N1 = get_name_list(C1),
     N2 = get_name_list(C2),
-    emit(["?RT_PER:set_choice(element(1,Val),",
-	  {asis,{N1,N2}},", ",{asis,{length(N1),length(N2)}},")"]);
-
-gen_enc_choice_tag({C1,C2,C3},_,_) ->
+    call(Erule,set_choice,
+	 ["element(1, Val)",
+	  {asis,{N1,N2}},
+	  {asis,{length(N1),length(N2)}}]);
+gen_enc_choice_tag(Erule, {C1,C2,C3}, _, _) ->
     N1 = get_name_list(C1),
     N2 = get_name_list(C2),
     N3 = get_name_list(C3),
     Root = N1 ++ N3,
-    emit(["?RT_PER:set_choice(element(1,Val),",
-	  {asis,{Root,N2}},", ",{asis,{length(Root),length(N2)}},")"]);
-gen_enc_choice_tag(C,_,_) ->
+    call(Erule,set_choice,
+	 ["element(1, Val)",
+	  {asis,{Root,N2}},
+	  {asis,{length(Root),length(N2)}}]);
+gen_enc_choice_tag(Erule, C, _, _) ->
     N = get_name_list(C),
-    emit(["?RT_PER:set_choice(element(1,Val),",
-	  {asis,N},", ",{asis,length(N)},")"]).
+    call(Erule,set_choice,
+	 ["element(1, Val)",
+	  {asis,N},{asis,length(N)}]).
 
 get_name_list(L) ->
     get_name_list(L,[]).
@@ -1650,17 +1662,18 @@ gen_enc_choice2(_Erule,_,[], _, _)  ->
     true.
 
 gen_dec_choice(Erule,TopType,CompList,{ext,Pos,NumExt}) ->
-    emit({"{Ext,",{curr,bytes},"} = ?RT_PER:getbit(Bytes),",nl}),
+    emit(["{Ext,",{curr,bytes},"} = ",
+	  {call,Erule,getbit,["Bytes"]},com,nl]),
     asn1ct_name:new(bytes),
     gen_dec_choice1(Erule,TopType,CompList,{ext,Pos,NumExt});
 gen_dec_choice(Erule,TopType,CompList,noext) ->
     gen_dec_choice1(Erule,TopType,CompList,noext).
 
 gen_dec_choice1(Erule,TopType,CompList,noext) ->
-    emit({"{Choice,",{curr,bytes},
-	  "} = ?RT_PER:getchoice(",{prev,bytes},",",
-	  length(CompList),", 0),",nl}),
-    emit({"{Cname,{Val,NewBytes}} = case Choice of",nl}),
+    emit(["{Choice,",{curr,bytes},
+	  "} = ",{call,Erule,getchoice,
+		  [{prev,bytes},length(CompList),"0"]},com,nl,
+	  "{Cname,{Val,NewBytes}} = case Choice of",nl]),
     gen_dec_choice2(Erule,TopType,CompList,noext),
     emit({nl,"end,",nl}),
     emit({nl,"{{Cname,Val},NewBytes}"});
@@ -1671,9 +1684,9 @@ gen_dec_choice1(Erule,TopType,{RootList,ExtList,RootList2},Ext) ->
     NewList = RootList ++ RootList2 ++ ExtList,
     gen_dec_choice1(Erule,TopType, NewList, Ext);
 gen_dec_choice1(Erule,TopType,CompList,{ext,ExtPos,ExtNum}) ->
-    emit({"{Choice,",{curr,bytes},
-	  "} = ?RT_PER:getchoice(",{prev,bytes},",",
-	  length(CompList)-ExtNum,",Ext ),",nl}),
+    emit(["{Choice,",{curr,bytes},"} = ",
+	  {call,Erule,getchoice,
+	   [{prev,bytes},length(CompList)-ExtNum,"Ext"]},com,nl]),
     emit({"{Cname,{Val,NewBytes}} = case Choice + Ext*",ExtPos-1," of",nl}),
     gen_dec_choice2(Erule,TopType,CompList,{ext,ExtPos,ExtNum}),
     Imm = asn1ct_imm:per_dec_open_type(is_aligned(Erule)),
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_eval_ext.funcs b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_eval_ext.funcs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5761901f89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_eval_ext.funcs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{ext,transform_to_EXTERNAL1994,1}.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_eval_per.funcs b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_eval_per.funcs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a1ea5cd043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_eval_per.funcs
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{per,encode_constrained_number,2}.
+{per,encode_small_number,1}.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_eval_uper.funcs b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_eval_uper.funcs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..884a486f40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_eval_uper.funcs
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{uper,encode_constrained_number,2}.
+{uper,encode_small_number,1}.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_func.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_func.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d221ca1b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_func.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+%%
+%% %CopyrightBegin%
+%%
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2012. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+%%
+%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+%% under the License.
+%%
+%% %CopyrightEnd%
+%%
+%%
+
+-module(asn1ct_func).
+-export([start_link/0,need/1,call/3,generate/1]).
+-export([init/1,handle_call/3,handle_cast/2,terminate/2]).
+
+start_link() ->
+    {ok,Pid} = gen_server:start_link(?MODULE, [], []),
+    put(?MODULE, Pid),
+    ok.
+
+call(M, F, Args) ->
+    MFA = {M,F,length(Args)},
+    need(MFA),
+    asn1ct_gen:emit([F,"(",call_args(Args, ""),")"]).
+
+need(MFA) ->
+    asn1ct_rtt:assert_defined(MFA),
+    cast({need,MFA}).
+
+generate(Fd) ->
+    req({generate,Fd}),
+    erase(?MODULE),
+    ok.
+
+req(Req) ->
+    gen_server:call(get(?MODULE), Req, infinity).
+
+cast(Req) ->
+    gen_server:cast(get(?MODULE), Req).
+
+%%% Internal functions.
+
+-record(st, {used}).
+
+init([]) ->
+    St = #st{used=gb_sets:empty()},
+    {ok,St}.
+
+handle_cast({need,MFA}, #st{used=Used0}=St) ->
+    case gb_sets:is_member(MFA, Used0) of
+	false ->
+	    Used = pull_in_deps(gb_sets:singleton(MFA), Used0),
+	    {noreply,St#st{used=Used}};
+	true ->
+	    {noreply,St}
+    end.
+
+handle_call({generate,Fd}, _From, #st{used=Used}=St) ->
+    generate(Fd, Used),
+    {stop,normal,ok,St}.
+
+terminate(_, _) ->
+    ok.
+
+call_args([A|As], Sep) ->
+    [Sep,A|call_args(As, ", ")];
+call_args([], _) -> [].
+
+generate(Fd, Used0) ->
+    Used1 = gb_sets:to_list(Used0),
+    Used = sofs:set(Used1, [mfa]),
+    Code = sofs:relation(asn1ct_rtt:code(), [{mfa,code}]),
+    Funcs0 = sofs:image(Code, Used),
+    Funcs = sofs:to_external(Funcs0),
+    io:put_chars(Fd, Funcs).
+
+pull_in_deps(Ws0, Used0) ->
+    case gb_sets:is_empty(Ws0) of
+	true ->
+	    Used0;
+	false ->
+	    {MFA,Ws1} = gb_sets:take_smallest(Ws0),
+	    Used = gb_sets:add(MFA, Used0),
+	    Needs = asn1ct_rtt:dependencies(MFA),
+	    Ws = update_worklist(Needs, Used, Ws1),
+	    pull_in_deps(Ws, Used)
+    end.
+
+update_worklist([H|T], Used, Ws) ->
+    case gb_sets:is_member(H, Used) of
+	false ->
+	    update_worklist(T, Used, gb_sets:add(H, Ws));
+	true ->
+	    update_worklist(T, Used, Ws)
+    end;
+update_worklist([], _, Ws) -> Ws.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen.erl
index 57b12ce186..79f0593c37 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen.erl
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
 	 un_hyphen_var/1]).
 -export([gen_encode_constructed/4,
 	 gen_decode_constructed/4]).
--export([nif_parameter/0]).
 
 %% pgen(Outfile, Erules, Module, TypeOrVal, Options)
 %% Generate Erlang module (.erl) and (.hrl) file corresponding to an ASN.1 module
@@ -78,6 +77,7 @@ pgen_module(OutFile,Erules,Module,
     ErlFile = lists:concat([OutFile,".erl"]),
     Fid = fopen(ErlFile,[write]),
     put(gen_file_out,Fid),
+    asn1ct_func:start_link(),
     gen_head(Erules,Module,HrlGenerated),
     pgen_exports(Erules,Module,TypeOrVal),
     pgen_dispatcher(Erules,Module,TypeOrVal),
@@ -86,6 +86,11 @@ pgen_module(OutFile,Erules,Module,
     pgen_partial_incomplete_decode(Erules),
 % gen_vars(asn1_db:mod_to_vars(Module)),
 % gen_tag_table(AllTypes),
+    emit([nl,
+	  "%%%",nl,
+	  "%%% Run-time functions.",nl,
+	  "%%%",nl]),
+    asn1ct_func:generate(Fid),
     file:close(Fid),
     asn1ct:verbose("--~p--~n",[{generated,ErlFile}],Options).
 
@@ -528,7 +533,8 @@ gen_part_decode_funcs({constructed,bif},TypeName,
 		      {_Name,parts,Tag,_Type}) ->
     emit(["  case Data of",nl,
 	  "    L when is_list(L) ->",nl,
-	  "      'dec_",TypeName,"'(lists:map(fun(X)->element(1,?RT_BER:decode(X)) end,L),",{asis,Tag},");",nl,
+	  "      'dec_",TypeName,"'(lists:map(fun(X) -> element(1, ",
+	  {call,ber,ber_decode_erlang,["X"]},") end, L),",{asis,Tag},");",nl,
 	  "    _ ->",nl,
 	  "      [Res] = 'dec_",TypeName,"'([Data],",{asis,Tag},"),",nl,
 	  "      Res",nl,
@@ -802,7 +808,7 @@ gen_decode_constructed(Erules,Typename,InnerType,D) when is_record(D,typedef) ->
 
 
 pgen_exports(Erules,_Module,{Types,Values,_,_,Objects,ObjectSets}) ->
-    emit({"-export([encoding_rule/0]).",nl}),
+    emit(["-export([encoding_rule/0,bit_string_format/0]).",nl]),
     case Types of
 	[] -> ok;
 	_ ->
@@ -912,23 +918,24 @@ gen_selected_decode_exports1([{FuncName,_}|Rest]) ->
     gen_selected_decode_exports1(Rest).
 
 pgen_dispatcher(Erules,_Module,{[],_Values,_,_,_Objects,_ObjectSets}) ->
-    emit(["encoding_rule() ->",nl]),
-    emit([{asis,Erules},".",nl,nl]);
+    gen_info_functions(Erules);
 pgen_dispatcher(Erules,_Module,{Types,_Values,_,_,_Objects,_ObjectSets}) ->
-    emit(["-export([encode/2,decode/2,encode_disp/2,decode_disp/2]).",nl,nl]),
-    emit(["encoding_rule() ->",nl]),
-    emit(["   ",{asis,Erules},".",nl,nl]),
+    emit(["-export([encode/2,decode/2]).",nl,nl]),
+    gen_info_functions(Erules),
     NoFinalPadding = lists:member(no_final_padding,get(encoding_options)),
     {Call,BytesAsBinary} =
 	case Erules of
 	    per ->
-		{["?RT_PER:complete(encode_disp(Type,Data))"],"Bytes"};
+		asn1ct_func:need({Erules,complete,1}),
+		{["complete(encode_disp(Type, Data))"],"Bytes"};
 	    ber ->
 		{"encode_disp(Type,Data)","iolist_to_binary(Bytes)"};
 	    uper when NoFinalPadding == true ->
-		{"?RT_PER:complete_NFP(encode_disp(Type,Data))","Bytes"};
+		asn1ct_func:need({Erules,complete_NFP,1}),
+		{"complete_NFP(encode_disp(Type, Data))","Bytes"};
 	    uper ->
-		{["?RT_PER:complete(encode_disp(Type,Data))"],"Bytes"}
+		asn1ct_func:need({Erules,complete,1}),
+		{["complete(encode_disp(Type, Data))"],"Bytes"}
 	end,
     emit(["encode(Type,Data) ->",nl,
 	  "case catch ",Call," of",nl,
@@ -952,12 +959,11 @@ pgen_dispatcher(Erules,_Module,{Types,_Values,_,_,_Objects,_ObjectSets}) ->
     DecAnonymous =
 	case {Erules,Return_rest} of
 	    {ber,false} ->
-		io_lib:format("~s~s~s~n",
-			      ["element(1,?RT_BER:decode(Data",
-			       nif_parameter(),"))"]);
+		asn1ct_func:need({ber,ber_decode_nif,1}),
+		"element(1, ber_decode_nif(Data))";
 	    {ber,true} ->
-		emit(["{Data,Rest} = ?RT_BER:decode(Data0",
-		      nif_parameter(),"),",nl]),
+		asn1ct_func:need({ber,ber_decode_nif,1}),
+		emit(["{Data,Rest} = ber_decode_nif(Data0),",nl]),
 		"Data";
 	    _ ->
 		"Data"
@@ -1020,6 +1026,11 @@ pgen_dispatcher(Erules,_Module,{Types,_Values,_,_,_Objects,_ObjectSets}) ->
     emit([nl]),
     emit({nl,nl}).
 
+gen_info_functions(Erules) ->
+    emit(["encoding_rule() -> ",
+	  {asis,Erules},".",nl,nl,
+	  "bit_string_format() -> ",
+	  {asis,asn1ct:get_bit_string_format()},".",nl,nl]).
 
 gen_decode_partial_incomplete(ber) ->
     case {asn1ct:read_config_data(partial_incomplete_decode),
@@ -1042,16 +1053,16 @@ gen_decode_partial_incomplete(ber) ->
 	    emit(["decode_partial_incomplete(Type,Data0,",
 		  "Pattern) ->",nl]),
 	    emit(["  {Data,_RestBin} =",nl,
-		  "    ?RT_BER:decode_primitive_",
-		  "incomplete(Pattern,Data0),",nl,
+		  "    ",{call,ber,decode_primitive_incomplete,
+			  ["Pattern","Data0"]},com,nl,
 		  "  case catch decode_partial_inc_disp(Type,",
 		  "Data) of",nl]),
 	    EmitCaseClauses(),
 	    emit([".",nl,nl]),
 	    emit(["decode_part(Type, Data0) "
 		  "when is_binary(Data0) ->",nl]),
-	    emit(["  case catch decode_inc_disp(Type,element(1,"
-		  "?RT_BER:decode(Data0",nif_parameter(),"))) of",nl]),
+	    emit(["  case catch decode_inc_disp(Type,element(1, ",
+		  {call,ber,ber_decode_nif,["Data0"]},")) of",nl]),
 	    EmitCaseClauses(),
 	    emit([";",nl]),
 	    emit(["decode_part(Type, Data0) ->",nl]),
@@ -1095,9 +1106,6 @@ gen_partial_inc_dispatcher([],_) ->
     emit(["decode_partial_inc_disp(Type,_Data) ->",nl,
 	  "  exit({error,{asn1,{undefined_type,Type}}}).",nl]).
 
-nif_parameter() ->
-    ",nif".
-
 gen_dispatcher([F1,F2|T],FuncName,Prefix,ExtraArg) ->
 	emit([FuncName,"('",F1,"',Data) -> '",Prefix,F1,"'(Data",ExtraArg,")",";",nl]),
 	gen_dispatcher([F2|T],FuncName,Prefix,ExtraArg);
@@ -1160,6 +1168,9 @@ emit({var,Variable}) ->
 emit({asis,What}) ->
     format(get(gen_file_out),"~w",[What]);
 
+emit({call,M,F,A}) ->
+    asn1ct_func:call(M, F, A);
+
 emit(nl) ->
     nl(get(gen_file_out));
 
@@ -1384,35 +1395,28 @@ gen_record(_,_,_,NumRecords) -> % skip CLASS etc for now.
 		    
 gen_head(Erules,Mod,Hrl) ->
     Options = get(encoding_options),
-    {Rtmac,Rtmod} = case Erules of
-			per ->
-			    emit({"%% Generated by the Erlang ASN.1 PER-"
-				  "compiler version, utilizing bit-syntax:",
-				  asn1ct:vsn(),nl}),
-			    {"RT_PER","asn1rt_per_bin_rt2ct"};
-			ber ->
-			    emit({"%% Generated by the Erlang ASN.1 BER_V2-"
-				  "compiler version, utilizing bit-syntax:",
-				  asn1ct:vsn(),nl}),
-			    {"RT_BER","asn1rt_ber_bin_v2"};
-			uper ->
-			    emit(["%% Generated by the Erlang ASN.1 UNALIGNED"
-				  " PER-compiler version, utilizing"
-				  " bit-syntax:",
-				  asn1ct:vsn(),nl]),
-			    {"RT_PER","asn1rt_uper_bin"}
+    case Erules of
+	per ->
+	    emit(["%% Generated by the Erlang ASN.1 PER-"
+		  "compiler version, utilizing bit-syntax:",
+		  asn1ct:vsn(),nl]);
+	ber ->
+	    emit(["%% Generated by the Erlang ASN.1 BER_V2-"
+		  "compiler version, utilizing bit-syntax:",
+		  asn1ct:vsn(),nl]);
+	uper ->
+	    emit(["%% Generated by the Erlang ASN.1 UNALIGNED"
+		  " PER-compiler version, utilizing bit-syntax:",
+		  asn1ct:vsn(),nl])
     end,
     emit({"%% Purpose: encoder and decoder to the types in mod ",Mod,nl,nl}),
     emit({"-module('",Mod,"').",nl}),
     put(currmod,Mod),
     emit({"-compile(nowarn_unused_vars).",nl}),
-    case {Hrl,lists:member(inline,get(encoding_options))} of
-	{0,_} -> true;
-	{_,true} -> true;
-	_ -> 
-	    emit({"-include(\"",Mod,".hrl\").",nl})
+    case Hrl of
+	0 -> ok;
+	_ -> emit({"-include(\"",Mod,".hrl\").",nl})
     end,
-    emit(["-define('",Rtmac,"',",Rtmod,").",nl]),
     emit(["-asn1_info([{vsn,'",asn1ct:vsn(),"'},",nl,
 	  "            {module,'",Mod,"'},",nl,
 	  "            {options,",io_lib:format("~p",[Options]),"}]).",nl,nl]).
@@ -1493,50 +1497,41 @@ gen_check_call(TopType,Cname,Type,InnerType,WhatKind,DefaultValue,Element) ->
 	    emit(["fun() -> true end ()"])
     end.
 
-gen_prim_check_call(PrimType,DefaultValue,Element,Type) ->
+gen_prim_check_call(PrimType, Default, Element, Type) ->
     case unify_if_string(PrimType) of
 	'BOOLEAN' ->
-	    emit({"asn1rt_check:check_bool(",DefaultValue,", ",
-		  Element,")"});
+	    check_call(check_bool, [Default,Element]);
 	'INTEGER' ->
-	    NNL =
-		case Type#type.def of
-		    {_,NamedNumberList} -> NamedNumberList;
-		    _ -> []
-		end,
-	    emit({"asn1rt_check:check_int(",DefaultValue,", ",
-		  Element,", ",{asis,NNL},")"});
+	    NNL = case Type#type.def of
+		      {_,NamedNumberList} -> NamedNumberList;
+		      _ -> []
+		  end,
+	    check_call(check_int, [Default,Element,{asis,NNL}]);
 	'BIT STRING' ->
 	    {_,NBL} = Type#type.def,
-	    emit({"asn1rt_check:check_bitstring(",DefaultValue,", ",
-		  Element,", ",{asis,NBL},")"});
+	    check_call(check_bitstring, [Default,Element,{asis,NBL}]);
 	'OCTET STRING' ->
-	    emit({"asn1rt_check:check_octetstring(",DefaultValue,", ",
-		  Element,")"});
+	    check_call(check_octetstring, [Default,Element]);
 	'NULL' ->
-	    emit({"asn1rt_check:check_null(",DefaultValue,", ",
-		  Element,")"});
+	    check_call(check_null, [Default,Element]);
 	'OBJECT IDENTIFIER' ->
-	    emit({"asn1rt_check:check_objectidentifier(",DefaultValue,
-		  ", ",Element,")"});
+	    check_call(check_objectidentifier, [Default,Element]);
 	'RELATIVE-OID' ->
-	    emit({"asn1rt_check:check_objectidentifier(",DefaultValue,
-		  ", ",Element,")"});
+	    check_call(check_objectidentifier, [Default,Element]);
 	'ObjectDescriptor' ->
-	    emit({"asn1rt_check:check_objectdescriptor(",DefaultValue,
-		  ", ",Element,")"});
+	    check_call(check_objectdescriptor, [Default,Element]);
 	'REAL' ->
-	    emit({"asn1rt_check:check_real(",DefaultValue,
-		  ", ",Element,")"});
+	    check_call(check_real, [Default,Element]);
 	'ENUMERATED' ->
 	    {_,Enumerations} = Type#type.def,
-	    emit({"asn1rt_check:check_enum(",DefaultValue,
-		  ", ",Element,", ",{asis,Enumerations},")"});
+	    check_call(check_enum, [Default,Element,{asis,Enumerations}]);
 	restrictedstring ->
-	    emit({"asn1rt_check:check_restrictedstring(",DefaultValue,
-		  ", ",Element,")"})
+	    check_call(check_restrictedstring, [Default,Element])
     end.
 
+check_call(F, Args) ->
+    asn1ct_func:call(check, F, Args).
+
 %% lokahead_innertype/3 traverses Type and checks if check functions
 %% have to be generated, i.e. for all constructed or referenced types.
 lookahead_innertype(Name,'SEQUENCE',Type) ->
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen_ber_bin_v2.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen_ber_bin_v2.erl
index 664dfc2086..121f452da8 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen_ber_bin_v2.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen_ber_bin_v2.erl
@@ -170,139 +170,84 @@ gen_encode_user(Erules,D) when is_record(D,typedef) ->
     end.
 
 gen_encode_prim(Erules,D,DoTag,Value) when is_record(D,type) ->
-    
-%%% Constraint is currently not used for BER (except for BitString) and therefore replaced
-%%% with [] as a placeholder
     BitStringConstraint = D#type.constraint,
-    Constraint = [],
     asn1ct_name:new(enumval),
-    case D#type.def of
+    Type = case D#type.def of
+	       'OCTET STRING'    -> restricted_string;
+	       'ObjectDescriptor'-> restricted_string;
+	       'NumericString'   -> restricted_string;
+	       'TeletexString'   -> restricted_string;
+	       'T61String'       -> restricted_string;
+	       'VideotexString'  -> restricted_string;
+	       'GraphicString'   -> restricted_string;
+	       'VisibleString'   -> restricted_string;
+	       'GeneralString'   -> restricted_string;
+	       'PrintableString' -> restricted_string;
+	       'IA5String'       -> restricted_string;
+	       Other             -> Other
+	   end,
+    case Type of
+	restricted_string ->
+	    call(encode_restricted_string, [Value,DoTag]);
 	'BOOLEAN' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('boolean',Value,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_boolean, [Value,DoTag]);
 	'INTEGER' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('integer',Constraint,Value,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_integer, [Value,DoTag]);
 	{'INTEGER',NamedNumberList} ->
-	    emit_encode_func('integer',Constraint,Value,
-			     NamedNumberList,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_integer, [Value,{asis,NamedNumberList}, DoTag]);
 	{'ENUMERATED',NamedNumberList={_,_}} ->
-	    
 	    emit(["case ",Value," of",nl]),
 	    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(NamedNumberList,DoTag);
 	{'ENUMERATED',NamedNumberList} ->
-	    
 	    emit(["case ",Value," of",nl]),
 	    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(NamedNumberList,DoTag);
-
 	'REAL' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('real',Constraint,Value,DoTag);
-
+	    emit([{call,ber,encode_tags,
+		   [DoTag,{call,real_common,ber_encode_real,[Value]}]}]);
 	{'BIT STRING',NamedNumberList} ->
-	    emit_encode_func('bit_string',BitStringConstraint,Value,
-			     NamedNumberList,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_bit_string,
+		 [{asis,BitStringConstraint},Value,
+		  {asis,NamedNumberList},DoTag]);
 	'ANY' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('open_type', Value,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_open_type, [Value,DoTag]);
 	'NULL' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('null',Value,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_null, [Value,DoTag]);
 	'OBJECT IDENTIFIER' ->
-	    emit_encode_func("object_identifier",Value,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_object_identifier, [Value,DoTag]);
 	'RELATIVE-OID' ->
-	    emit_encode_func("relative_oid",Value,DoTag);
-	'ObjectDescriptor' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('restricted_string',Constraint,Value,
-			     ?T_ObjectDescriptor,DoTag);
-	'OCTET STRING' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('octet_string',Constraint,Value,DoTag);
-	'NumericString' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('restricted_string',Constraint,Value,
-			     ?T_NumericString,DoTag);
-	TString when TString == 'TeletexString';
-		     TString == 'T61String' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('restricted_string',Constraint,Value,
-			     ?T_TeletexString,DoTag);
-	'VideotexString' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('restricted_string',Constraint,Value,
-			     ?T_VideotexString,DoTag);
-	'GraphicString' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('restricted_string',Constraint,Value,
-			     ?T_GraphicString,DoTag);
-	'VisibleString' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('restricted_string',Constraint,Value,
-			     ?T_VisibleString,DoTag);
-	'GeneralString' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('restricted_string',Constraint,Value,
-			     ?T_GeneralString,DoTag);
-	'PrintableString' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('restricted_string',Constraint,Value,
-			     ?T_PrintableString,DoTag);
-	'IA5String' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('restricted_string',Constraint,Value,
-			     ?T_IA5String,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_relative_oid, [Value,DoTag]);
 	'UniversalString' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('universal_string',Constraint,Value,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_universal_string, [Value,DoTag]);
 	'UTF8String' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('UTF8_string',Constraint,Value,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_UTF8_string, [Value,DoTag]);
 	'BMPString' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('BMP_string',Constraint,Value,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_BMP_string, [Value,DoTag]);
 	'UTCTime' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('utc_time',Constraint,Value,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_utc_time, [Value,DoTag]);
 	'GeneralizedTime' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('generalized_time',Constraint,Value,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_generalized_time, [Value,DoTag]);
 	'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE' ->
-	    emit_encode_func('open_type', Value,DoTag);
+	    call(encode_open_type, [Value,DoTag]);
 	#'ObjectClassFieldType'{} ->
 	    case asn1ct_gen:get_inner(D#type.def) of
 		{fixedtypevaluefield,_,InnerType} -> 
 		    gen_encode_prim(Erules,InnerType,DoTag,Value);
 		'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE' ->
-		    emit_encode_func('open_type', Value,DoTag);
-		XX ->
-		    exit({'can not encode' ,XX})
-	    end;
-	XX ->
-	    exit({'can not encode' ,XX})
+		    call(encode_open_type, [Value,DoTag])
+	    end
     end.
 
-
-emit_encode_func(Name,Value,Tags) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    emit_encode_func(atom_to_list(Name),Value,Tags);
-emit_encode_func(Name,Value,Tags) ->
-    Fname = "?RT_BER:encode_" ++ Name,
-    emit([Fname,"(",Value,", ",Tags,")"]).
-
-emit_encode_func(Name,Constraint,Value,Tags) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    emit_encode_func(atom_to_list(Name),Constraint,Value,Tags);
-emit_encode_func(Name,Constraint,Value,Tags) ->
-    Fname = "?RT_BER:encode_" ++ Name,
-    emit([Fname,"(",{asis,Constraint},", ",Value,", ",Tags,")"]).
-
-emit_encode_func(Name,Constraint,Value,Asis,Tags) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    emit_encode_func(atom_to_list(Name),Constraint,Value,Asis,Tags);
-emit_encode_func(Name,Constraint,Value,Asis,Tags) ->
-    Fname = "?RT_BER:encode_" ++ Name,
-    emit([Fname,"(",{asis,Constraint},", ",Value,
-	  ", ",{asis,Asis},
-	  ", ",Tags,")"]).
-    
 emit_enc_enumerated_cases({L1,L2}, Tags) ->
     emit_enc_enumerated_cases(L1++L2, Tags, ext);
 emit_enc_enumerated_cases(L, Tags) ->
     emit_enc_enumerated_cases(L, Tags, noext).
 
-emit_enc_enumerated_cases([{EnumName,EnumVal},H2|T], Tags, Ext) ->
-    emit([{asis,EnumName}," -> ?RT_BER:encode_enumerated(",EnumVal,",",Tags,");",nl]),
-%%    emit(["'",{asis,EnumName},"' -> ?RT_BER:encode_enumerated(",EnumVal,",",Tags,");",nl]),
-    emit_enc_enumerated_cases([H2|T], Tags, Ext);
-emit_enc_enumerated_cases([{EnumName,EnumVal}], Tags, Ext) ->
-    emit([{asis,EnumName}," -> ?RT_BER:encode_enumerated(",EnumVal,",",Tags,")"]),
-%%    emit(["'",{asis,EnumName},"' -> ?RT_BER:encode_enumerated(",EnumVal,",",Tags,")"]),
-    case Ext of
-	noext -> emit([";",nl]);
-	ext -> 
-	    emit([";",nl])
-%% 	    emit([";",nl,"{asn1_enum,",{curr,enumval},"} -> ",
-%% 		     "?RT_BER:encode_enumerated(",{curr,enumval},",",Tags,");",nl]),
-%%	    asn1ct_name:new(enumval)
-    end,
+emit_enc_enumerated_cases([{EnumName,EnumVal}|T], Tags, Ext) ->
+    emit([{asis,EnumName}," -> ",
+	  {call,ber,encode_enumerated,[EnumVal,Tags]},";",nl]),
+    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(T, Tags, Ext);
+emit_enc_enumerated_cases([], _Tags, _Ext) ->
+    %% FIXME: Should extension be handled?
     emit([{curr,enumval}," -> exit({error,{asn1, {enumerated_not_in_range,",{curr, enumval},"}}})"]),
     emit([nl,"end"]).
 
@@ -365,9 +310,10 @@ gen_decode_selected(Erules,Type,FuncName) ->
 	    {value,{_,P}} -> P;
 	    false -> exit({error,{internal,no_pattern_saved}})
 	end,
-    emit(["  case ?RT_BER:decode_selective(",{asis,Pattern},",Bin) of",nl,
+    emit(["  case ",{call,ber,decode_selective,
+		     [{asis,Pattern},"Bin"]}," of",nl,
 	  "    {ok,Bin2} when is_binary(Bin2) ->",nl,
-	  "      {Tlv,_} = ?RT_BER:decode(Bin2",asn1ct_gen:nif_parameter(),"),",nl]),
+	  "      {Tlv,_} = ", {call,ber,ber_decode_nif,["Bin2"]},com,nl]),
     emit("{ok,"),
     gen_decode_selected_type(Erules,Type),
     emit(["};",nl,"    Err -> exit({error,{selective_decode,Err}})",nl,
@@ -549,147 +495,123 @@ gen_dec_prim(Erules,Att,BytesVar,DoTag,TagIn,Form,OptOrMand) ->
 		_ -> ""
 	    end,
     NewTypeName = case Typename of
-		      'ANY' -> 'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE';
-		      _ -> Typename
+		      'ANY'             -> 'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE';
+		      'OCTET STRING'    -> restricted_string;
+		      'NumericString'   -> restricted_string;
+		      'TeletexString'   -> restricted_string;
+		      'T61String'       -> restricted_string;
+		      'VideotexString'  -> restricted_string;
+		      'GraphicString'   -> restricted_string;
+		      'VisibleString'   -> restricted_string;
+		      'GeneralString'   -> restricted_string;
+		      'PrintableString' -> restricted_string;
+		      'IA5String'       -> restricted_string;
+		      _                 -> Typename
 		  end,
-%    DoLength = 
     case NewTypeName of
 	'BOOLEAN'->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_boolean(",BytesVar,","}),
-	    add_func({decode_boolean,2});
+	    emit(["decode_boolean(",BytesVar,","]),
+	    need(decode_boolean, 2);
 	'INTEGER' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_integer(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,int_constr(SingleValue,ValueRange)},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_integer,3});
+	    emit(["decode_integer(",BytesVar,",",
+		  {asis,int_constr(SingleValue,ValueRange)},","]),
+	    need(decode_integer, 3);
 	{'INTEGER',NamedNumberList} ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_integer(",BytesVar,",",
+	    emit(["decode_integer(",BytesVar,",",
 		  {asis,int_constr(SingleValue,ValueRange)},",",
-		  {asis,NamedNumberList},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_integer,4});
+		  {asis,NamedNumberList},","]),
+	    need(decode_integer, 4);
 	{'ENUMERATED',NamedNumberList} ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_enumerated(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},",",
-		  {asis,NamedNumberList},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_enumerated,4});
+	    emit(["decode_enumerated(",BytesVar,",",
+		  {asis,NamedNumberList},","]),
+	    need(decode_enumerated, 3);
 	'REAL' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_real(",BytesVar,","}),
-	    add_func({decode_real,3});
-	{'BIT STRING',NamedNumberList} ->
-	    case get(compact_bit_string) of
-		true ->
-		    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_compact_bit_string(",
-			  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},",",
-			  {asis,NamedNumberList},","}),
-		    add_func({decode_compact_bit_string,4});
-		_ ->
-		    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_bit_string(",BytesVar,",",
-			  {asis,Constraint},",",
-			  {asis,NamedNumberList},","}),
-		    add_func({decode_bit_string,4})
-	    end;
+	    ok;
+	{'BIT STRING',_NamedNumberList} ->
+	    ok;
 	'NULL' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_null(",BytesVar,","}),
-	    add_func({decode_null,2});
+	    emit(["decode_null(",BytesVar,","]),
+	    need(decode_null, 2);
 	'OBJECT IDENTIFIER' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_object_identifier(",BytesVar,","}),
-	    add_func({decode_object_identifier,2});
+	    emit(["decode_object_identifier(",BytesVar,","]),
+	    need(decode_object_identifier, 2);
 	'RELATIVE-OID' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_relative_oid(",BytesVar,","}),
-	    add_func({decode_relative_oid,2});
+	    emit(["decode_relative_oid(",BytesVar,","]),
+	    need(decode_relative_oid, 2);
 	'ObjectDescriptor' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_restricted_string(",
-		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},",",{asis,?T_ObjectDescriptor},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_restricted_string,4});
-	'OCTET STRING' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_octet_string",AsBin,"(",BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_octet_string,3});
-	'NumericString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_restricted_string",AsBin,"(",
-		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},",",{asis,?T_NumericString},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_restricted_string,4});
-	TString when TString == 'TeletexString';
-		     TString == 'T61String' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_restricted_string",AsBin,"(",
-		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},",",{asis,?T_TeletexString},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_restricted_string,4});
-	'VideotexString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_restricted_string",AsBin,"(",
-		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},",",{asis,?T_VideotexString},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_restricted_string,4});
-	'GraphicString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_restricted_string",AsBin,"(",
-		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},",",{asis,?T_GraphicString},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_restricted_string,4});
-	'VisibleString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_restricted_string",AsBin,"(",
-		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},",",{asis,?T_VisibleString},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_restricted_string,4});
-	'GeneralString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_restricted_string",AsBin,"(",
-		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},",",{asis,?T_GeneralString},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_restricted_string,4});
-	'PrintableString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_restricted_string",AsBin,"(",
-		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},",",{asis,?T_PrintableString},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_restricted_string,4});
-	'IA5String' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_restricted_string",AsBin,"(",
-		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},",",{asis,?T_IA5String},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_restricted_string,4}) ;
+	    emit(["decode_restricted_string(",
+		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},","]),
+	    need(decode_restricted_string, 3);
+	restricted_string ->
+	    emit(["decode_restricted_string",AsBin,"(",BytesVar,","]),
+	    case Constraint of
+		[] ->
+		    need(decode_restricted_string, 2);
+		_ ->
+		    emit([{asis,Constraint},","]),
+		    need(decode_restricted_string, 3)
+	    end;
 	'UniversalString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_universal_string",AsBin,"(",
-		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_universal_string,3});
+	    emit(["decode_universal_string",AsBin,"(",
+		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},","]),
+	    need(decode_universal_string, 3);
 	'UTF8String' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_UTF8_string",AsBin,"(",
-		  BytesVar,","}),
-	    add_func({decode_UTF8_string,2});
+	    emit(["decode_UTF8_string",AsBin,"(",
+		  BytesVar,","]),
+	    need(decode_UTF8_string, 2);
 	'BMPString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_BMP_string",AsBin,"(",
-		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_BMP_string,3});
+	    emit(["decode_BMP_string",AsBin,"(",
+		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},","]),
+	    need(decode_BMP_string, 3);
 	'UTCTime' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_utc_time",AsBin,"(",
-		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_utc_time,3});
+	    emit(["decode_utc_time",AsBin,"(",
+		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},","]),
+	    need(decode_utc_time, 3);
 	'GeneralizedTime' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_BER:decode_generalized_time",AsBin,"(",
-		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},","}),
-	    add_func({decode_generalized_time,3});
+	    emit(["decode_generalized_time",AsBin,"(",
+		  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},","]),
+	    need(decode_generalized_time, 3);
 	'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE' ->
-	    emit(["?RT_BER:decode_open_type_as_binary(",
+	    emit(["decode_open_type_as_binary(",
 		  BytesVar,","]),
-	    add_func({decode_open_type_as_binary,3});
+	    need(decode_open_type_as_binary, 2);
 	#'ObjectClassFieldType'{} ->
 		case asn1ct_gen:get_inner(Att#type.def) of
 		    {fixedtypevaluefield,_,InnerType} -> 
 			gen_dec_prim(Erules,InnerType,BytesVar,DoTag,TagIn,Form,OptOrMand);
 		    'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE' ->
-			emit(["?RT_BER:decode_open_type_as_binary(",
+			emit(["decode_open_type_as_binary(",
 			      BytesVar,","]),
-			add_func({decode_open_type_as_binary,3});
+			need(decode_open_type_as_binary, 2);
 		    Other ->
-			exit({'can not decode' ,Other})
+			exit({'cannot decode',Other})
 		end;
 	Other ->
-	    exit({'can not decode' ,Other})
+	    exit({'cannot decode',Other})
     end,
 
-    case {DoTag,NewTypeName} of
-	{_,#'ObjectClassFieldType'{}} ->
+    TagStr = case DoTag of
+		 {string,Tag1} -> Tag1;
+		 _ when is_list(DoTag) -> {asis,DoTag}
+	     end,
+    case NewTypeName of
+	{'BIT STRING',NNL} ->
+	    gen_dec_bit_string(BytesVar, Constraint, NNL, TagStr);
+	'REAL' ->
+	    asn1ct_name:new(tmpbuf),
+	    emit(["begin",nl,
+		  {curr,tmpbuf}," = ",
+		  {call,ber,match_tags,[BytesVar,TagStr]},com,nl,
+		  {call,real_common,decode_real,[{curr,tmpbuf}]},nl,
+		  "end",nl]);
+	#'ObjectClassFieldType'{} ->
 	    case asn1ct_gen:get_inner(Att#type.def) of
 		'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE' ->
-		    emit([{asis,DoTag},asn1ct_gen:nif_parameter(),")"]);
+		    emit([TagStr,")"]);
 		_ -> ok
 	    end;
-	{{string,TagStr},'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE'} ->
-	    emit([TagStr,asn1ct_gen:nif_parameter(),")"]);
-	{_,'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE'} ->
-	    emit([{asis,DoTag},asn1ct_gen:nif_parameter(),")"]);
-	{{string,TagStr},_} ->
-	    emit([TagStr,")"]);
-	_ when is_list(DoTag) ->
-	    emit([{asis,DoTag},")"])
+	_ ->
+	    emit([TagStr,")"])
     end.
 
 
@@ -701,6 +623,23 @@ int_constr(SingleValue,[]) ->
     SingleValue;
 int_constr(SV,VR) ->
     [SV,VR].
+
+gen_dec_bit_string(BytesVar, _Constraint, [_|_]=NNL, TagStr) ->
+    call(decode_named_bit_string,
+	 [BytesVar,{asis,NNL},TagStr]);
+gen_dec_bit_string(BytesVar, Constraint, [], TagStr) ->
+    case asn1ct:get_bit_string_format() of
+	compact ->
+	    call(decode_compact_bit_string,
+		 [BytesVar,{asis,Constraint},TagStr]);
+	legacy ->
+	    call(decode_legacy_bit_string,
+		 [BytesVar,{asis,Constraint},TagStr]);
+	bitstring ->
+	    call(decode_native_bit_string,
+		 [BytesVar,{asis,Constraint},TagStr])
+    end.
+
     
 %% Object code generating for encoding and decoding
 %% ------------------------------------------------
@@ -1015,7 +954,7 @@ emit_tlv_format_function() ->
     end.
 emit_tlv_format_function1() ->
     emit(["tlv_format(Bytes) when is_binary(Bytes) ->",nl,
-	  "  {Tlv,_}=?RT_BER:decode(Bytes",asn1ct_gen:nif_parameter(),"),",nl,
+	  "  {Tlv,_} = ",{call,ber,ber_decode_nif,["Bytes"]},com,nl,
 	  "  Tlv;",nl,
 	  "tlv_format(Bytes) ->",nl,
 	  "  Bytes.",nl]).
@@ -1449,38 +1388,22 @@ gen_objset_dec(_,ObjSetName,UniqueName,[{ObjName,Val,Fields}],
     emit_default_getdec(ObjSetName,UniqueName),
     emit([".",nl,nl]),
     ok;
-gen_objset_dec(Erules,ObjSetName,_UniqueName,['EXTENSIONMARK'],_ClName,
+gen_objset_dec(_,ObjSetName,_UniqueName,['EXTENSIONMARK'],_ClName,
 	       _ClFields,_NthObj) ->
     emit(["'getdec_",ObjSetName,"'(_, _) ->",nl]),
     emit([indent(2),"fun(_,Bytes, _RestPrimFieldName) ->",nl]),
     
-    case Erules of
-	ber ->
-	    emit([indent(4),"case Bytes of",nl,
-		  indent(6),"Bin when is_binary(Bin) -> ",nl,
-		  indent(8),"Bin;",nl,
-		  indent(6),"_ ->",nl,
-		  indent(8),"?RT_BER:encode(Bytes",driver_parameter(),")",nl,
-		  indent(4),"end",nl]);
-	_ ->
-	    emit([indent(6),"Len = case Bytes of",nl,indent(9),
-		  "Bin when is_binary(Bin) -> size(Bin);",nl,indent(9),
-		  "_ -> length(Bytes)",nl,indent(6),"end,"]),
-	    emit([indent(4),"{Bytes,[],Len}",nl])
-    end,
+    emit([indent(4),"case Bytes of",nl,
+	  indent(6),"Bin when is_binary(Bin) -> ",nl,
+	  indent(8),"Bin;",nl,
+	  indent(6),"_ ->",nl,
+	  indent(8),{call,ber,ber_encode,["Bytes"]},nl,
+	  indent(4),"end",nl]),
     emit([indent(2),"end.",nl,nl]),
     ok;
 gen_objset_dec(_,_,_,[],_,_,_) ->
     ok.
 
-driver_parameter() ->
-    Options = get(encoding_options),
-    case {lists:member(driver,Options),lists:member(nif,Options)} of
-	{true,_} -> ",nif";
-	{_,true} -> ",nif";
-	_ ->  ",erlang"
-    end.
-
 emit_default_getdec(ObjSetName,UniqueName) ->
     emit(["'getdec_",ObjSetName,"'(",{asis,UniqueName},", ErrV) ->",nl]),
     emit([indent(2), "fun(C,V,_) -> exit({{component,C},{value,V},{unique_name_and_value,",{asis,UniqueName},", ErrV}}) end"]).
@@ -1771,9 +1694,6 @@ mk_object_val(0, Ack, Len) ->
 mk_object_val(Val, Ack, Len) -> 
     mk_object_val(Val bsr 7, [((Val band 127) bor 128) | Ack], Len + 1). 
 
-add_func(F={_Func,_Arity}) ->
-    asn1ct_table:insert(asn1_functab, {F}).
-
 %% For BER the ExtensionAdditionGroup notation has no impact on the encoding/decoding
 %% and therefore we only filter away the ExtensionAdditionGroup start and end markers
 extaddgroup2sequence(ExtList) when is_list(ExtList) ->
@@ -1785,4 +1705,8 @@ extaddgroup2sequence(ExtList) when is_list(ExtList) ->
 			 true
 		 end, ExtList).
 
+call(F, Args) ->
+    asn1ct_func:call(ber, F, Args).
 
+need(F, Arity) ->
+    asn1ct_func:need({ber,F,Arity}).
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen_per.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen_per.erl
index af19edb908..3b320065d2 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen_per.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen_per.erl
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 -export([extaddgroup2sequence/1]).
 
 -import(asn1ct_gen, [emit/1,demit/1]).
+-import(asn1ct_func, [call/3]).
 
 %% pgen(Erules, Module, TypeOrVal)
 %% Generate Erlang module (.erl) and (.hrl) file corresponding to an ASN.1 module
@@ -92,13 +93,6 @@ gen_encode_user(Erules,D) when is_record(D,typedef) ->
     Typename = [D#typedef.name],
     Def = D#typedef.typespec,
     InnerType = asn1ct_gen:get_inner(Def#type.def),
-    case InnerType of
-	'SET' -> true;
-	'SEQUENCE' -> true;
-	_ ->
-	    emit({nl,"'enc_",asn1ct_gen:list2name(Typename),"'({'",asn1ct_gen:list2name(Typename),"',Val}) ->",nl}),
-	    emit({"'enc_",asn1ct_gen:list2name(Typename),"'(Val);",nl,nl})
-    end,
     emit({"'enc_",asn1ct_gen:list2name(Typename),"'(Val) ->",nl}),
     case asn1ct_gen:type(InnerType) of
 	{primitive,bif} ->
@@ -134,107 +128,96 @@ gen_encode_prim(Erules,D,DoTag,Value) when is_record(D,type) ->
     asn1ct_name:new(enumval),
     case D#type.def of
 	'INTEGER' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_integer(", %fel
-		  {asis,asn1ct_imm:effective_constraint(integer,Constraint)},
-		  ",",Value,")"});
+	    Args = [{asis,asn1ct_imm:effective_constraint(integer,Constraint)},
+		    Value],
+	    call(Erules, encode_integer, Args);
 	{'INTEGER',NamedNumberList} ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_integer(",
-		  {asis,asn1ct_imm:effective_constraint(integer,Constraint)},
-		  ",",Value,",",
-		  {asis,NamedNumberList},")"});
+	    Args = [{asis,asn1ct_imm:effective_constraint(integer,Constraint)},
+		    Value,{asis,NamedNumberList}],
+	    call(Erules, encode_integer, Args);
 	{'ENUMERATED',{Nlist1,Nlist2}} ->
-	    NewList = lists:concat([[{0,X}||{X,_} <- Nlist1],['EXT_MARK'],[{1,X}||{X,_} <- Nlist2]]),
-	    NewC = [{'ValueRange',{0,length(Nlist1)-1}}],
-	    case Erules of
-		uper ->
-		    emit(["case ",Value," of",nl]);
-		_ ->
-		    emit(["case (case ",Value," of {_,",{curr,enumval},"}-> ",
-			  {curr,enumval},";_->", Value," end) of",nl]),
-		    asn1ct_name:new(enumval)
-	    end,
-%%	    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erules,NewC, NewList++[{asn1_enum,length(Nlist1)-1}], 0);
-	    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erules,NewC, NewList, 0);
+	    NewList = [{0,X} || {X,_} <- Nlist1] ++ ['EXT_MARK'] ++
+		[{1,X} || {X,_} <- Nlist2],
+	    NewC = {0,length(Nlist1)-1},
+	    emit(["case ",Value," of",nl]),
+	    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erules, NewC, NewList, 0);
 	{'ENUMERATED',NamedNumberList} ->
-	    NewList = [X||{X,_} <- NamedNumberList],
-	    NewC = [{'ValueRange',{0,length(NewList)-1}}],
-	    case Erules of
-		uper ->
-		    emit(["case ",Value," of",nl]);
-		_ ->
-		    emit(["case (case ",Value," of {_,",{curr,enumval},
-			  "}->",{curr,enumval},";_->",Value," end) of",nl])
-	    end,
-	    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erules,NewC, NewList, 0);
+	    NewList = [X || {X,_} <- NamedNumberList],
+	    NewC = {0,length(NewList)-1},
+	    emit(["case ",Value," of",nl]),
+	    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erules, NewC, NewList, 0);
 	
 	'REAL' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_real(",Value,")"});
+	    emit_enc_real(Erules, Value);
 
 	{'BIT STRING',NamedNumberList} ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_bit_string(",
-		  {asis,Constraint},",",Value,",",
-		  {asis,NamedNumberList},")"});
+	    SizeConstr = get_constraint(Constraint, 'SizeConstraint'),
+	    call(Erules, encode_bit_string,
+		 [{asis,SizeConstr},Value,
+		  {asis,NamedNumberList}]);
 	'NULL' ->
 	    emit("[]");
 	'OBJECT IDENTIFIER' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_object_identifier(",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_object_identifier, [Value]);
 	'RELATIVE-OID' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_relative_oid(",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_relative_oid, [Value]);
 	'ObjectDescriptor' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_ObjectDescriptor(",{asis,Constraint},
-		  ",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_ObjectDescriptor,
+		 [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'BOOLEAN' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_boolean(",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_boolean, [Value]);
 	'OCTET STRING' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_octet_string(",{asis,Constraint},",",Value,")"});
+	    case get_constraint(Constraint, 'SizeConstraint') of
+		0 ->
+		    emit("[]");
+		no ->
+		    call(Erules, encode_octet_string, [Value]);
+		C ->
+		    call(Erules, encode_octet_string, [{asis,C},Value])
+	    end;
 	'NumericString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_NumericString(",{asis,Constraint},",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_NumericString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	TString when TString == 'TeletexString';
 		     TString == 'T61String' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_TeletexString(",{asis,Constraint},",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_TeletexString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'VideotexString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_VideotexString(",{asis,Constraint},",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_VideotexString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'UTCTime' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_VisibleString(",{asis,Constraint},",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_VisibleString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'GeneralizedTime' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_VisibleString(",{asis,Constraint},",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_VisibleString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'GraphicString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_GraphicString(",{asis,Constraint},",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_GraphicString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'VisibleString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_VisibleString(",{asis,Constraint},",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_VisibleString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'GeneralString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_GeneralString(",{asis,Constraint},
-		  ",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_GeneralString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'PrintableString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_PrintableString(",{asis,Constraint},
-		  ",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_PrintableString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'IA5String' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_IA5String(",{asis,Constraint},
-		  ",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_IA5String, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'BMPString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_BMPString(",{asis,Constraint},
-		  ",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_BMPString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'UniversalString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_UniversalString(",{asis,Constraint},
-		  ",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_UniversalString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'UTF8String' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_UTF8String(",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_UTF8String, [Value]);
 	'ANY' ->
-	    emit(["?RT_PER:encode_open_type(", {asis,Constraint}, ",", 
-		  Value, ")"]);
+	    call(Erules, encode_open_type, [Value]);
 	'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE' ->
 	    NewValue = case Constraint of
 			   [#'Externaltypereference'{type=Tname}] ->
-			     io_lib:format(
-			       "?RT_PER:complete(enc_~s(~s))",[Tname,Value]);
+			       asn1ct_func:need({Erules,complete,1}),
+			       io_lib:format(
+				 "complete(enc_~s(~s))",[Tname,Value]);
 			   [#type{def=#'Externaltypereference'{type=Tname}}] ->
+			       asn1ct_func:need({Erules,complete,1}),
 			       io_lib:format(
-				 "?RT_PER:complete(enc_~s(~s))",
+				 "complete(enc_~s(~s))",
 				 [Tname,Value]);
 			 _ -> Value
 		     end,
-	    emit(["?RT_PER:encode_open_type(", {asis,Constraint}, ",", 
-		  NewValue, ")"]);
+	    call(Erules, encode_open_type, [NewValue]);
 	#'ObjectClassFieldType'{} ->
 	    case asn1ct_gen:get_inner(D#type.def) of
 		{fixedtypevaluefield,_,InnerType} -> 
@@ -246,46 +229,48 @@ gen_encode_prim(Erules,D,DoTag,Value) when is_record(D,type) ->
 	    exit({asn1_error,nyi,XX})
     end.
 
-
-emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erule,C, [H], Count) ->
-    emit_enc_enumerated_case(Erule,C, H, Count),
-    case H of
-	'EXT_MARK' -> ok;
-	_ ->
-	    emit([";",nl])
-    end,
-    emit([nl,"EnumVal -> exit({error,{asn1, {enumerated_not_in_range, EnumVal}}})"]),
-    emit([nl,"end"]);
-emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erule, C, ['EXT_MARK'|T], _Count) ->
-    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erule, C, T, 0);
-emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erule, C, [H1,H2|T], Count) ->
-    emit_enc_enumerated_case(Erule, C, H1, Count),
+emit_enc_real(Erules, Real) ->
+    asn1ct_name:new(tmpval),
+    asn1ct_name:new(tmplen),
+    emit(["begin",nl,
+	  "{",{curr,tmpval},com,{curr,tmplen},"} = ",
+	  {call,real_common,encode_real,[Real]},com,nl,
+	  "[",{call,Erules,encode_length,[{curr,tmplen}]},",",
+	  {curr,tmpval},"]",nl,
+	  "end"]).
+
+emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erules, C, ['EXT_MARK'|T], _Count) ->
+    %% Reset enumeration counter.
+    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erules, C, T, 0);
+emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erules, C, [H|T], Count) ->
+    emit_enc_enumerated_case(Erules, C, H, Count),
     emit([";",nl]),
-    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erule, C, [H2|T], Count+1).
+    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erules, C, T, Count+1);
+emit_enc_enumerated_cases(_Erules, _, [], _Count) ->
+    emit(["EnumVal -> "
+	  "exit({error,{asn1,{enumerated_not_in_range, EnumVal}}})",nl,
+	  "end"]).
     
+emit_enc_enumerated_case(Erules, C, {0,EnumName}, Count) ->
+    %% ENUMERATED with extensionmark; the value lies within then extension root
+    Enc = enc_ext_and_val(Erules, 0, encode_constrained_number, [C,Count]),
+    emit(["'",EnumName,"' -> ",{asis,Enc}]);
+emit_enc_enumerated_case(Erules, _C, {1,EnumName}, Count) ->
+    %% ENUMERATED with extensionmark; the value is higher than extension root
+    Enc = enc_ext_and_val(Erules, 1, encode_small_number, [Count]),
+    emit(["'",EnumName,"' -> ",{asis,Enc}]);
+emit_enc_enumerated_case(Erules, C, EnumName, Count) ->
+    %% ENUMERATED without extension
+    EvalMod = eval_module(Erules),
+    emit(["'",EnumName,"' -> ",
+	  {asis,EvalMod:encode_constrained_number(C, Count)}]).
+
+enc_ext_and_val(per, E, F, Args) ->
+    [E|apply(asn1ct_eval_per, F, Args)];
+enc_ext_and_val(uper, E, F, Args) ->
+    <<E:1,(apply(asn1ct_eval_uper, F, Args))/bitstring>>.
 
 
-emit_enc_enumerated_case(uper,_C, {asn1_enum,High}, _) ->
-    emit([
-	  "{asn1_enum,EnumV} when is_integer(EnumV), EnumV > ",High," -> ",
-	  "[<<1:1>>,?RT_PER:encode_small_number(EnumV)]"]);
-emit_enc_enumerated_case(_Per,_C, {asn1_enum,High}, _) ->
-    emit([
-	  "{asn1_enum,EnumV} when is_integer(EnumV), EnumV > ",High," -> ",
-	  "[{bit,1},?RT_PER:encode_small_number(EnumV)]"]);
-emit_enc_enumerated_case(_Erule, _C, 'EXT_MARK', _Count) ->
-    true;
-emit_enc_enumerated_case(uper,_C, {1,EnumName}, Count) ->
-    emit(["'",EnumName,"' -> [<<1:1>>,?RT_PER:encode_small_number(",Count,")]"]);
-emit_enc_enumerated_case(_Per,_C, {1,EnumName}, Count) ->
-    emit(["'",EnumName,"' -> [{bit,1},?RT_PER:encode_small_number(",Count,")]"]);
-emit_enc_enumerated_case(uper,C, {0,EnumName}, Count) ->
-    emit(["'",EnumName,"' -> [<<0:1>>,?RT_PER:encode_integer(",{asis,C},", ",Count,")]"]);
-emit_enc_enumerated_case(_Per,C, {0,EnumName}, Count) ->
-    emit(["'",EnumName,"' -> [{bit,0},?RT_PER:encode_integer(",{asis,C},", ",Count,")]"]);
-emit_enc_enumerated_case(_Erule, C, EnumName, Count) ->
-    emit(["'",EnumName,"' -> ?RT_PER:encode_integer(",{asis,C},", ",Count,")"]).
-
 get_constraint([{Key,V}], Key) ->
     V;
 get_constraint([], _) ->
@@ -446,7 +431,7 @@ gen_encode_field_call(ObjName,FieldName,Type) ->
     Def = Type#typedef.typespec,
     case Type#typedef.name of
 	{primitive,bif} -> 
-	    gen_encode_prim(per,Def,"false",
+	    gen_encode_prim(uper,Def,"false",
 			    "Val"),
 	    [];
 	{constructed,bif} ->
@@ -584,7 +569,7 @@ gen_decode_field_call(ObjName,FieldName,Bytes,Type) ->
     Def = Type#typedef.typespec,
     case Type#typedef.name of
 	{primitive,bif} -> 
-	    gen_dec_prim(per,Def,Bytes),
+	    gen_dec_prim(uper, Def, Bytes),
 	    [];
 	{constructed,bif} ->
 	    emit({"   'dec_",ObjName,'_',FieldName,
@@ -845,7 +830,7 @@ emit_inner_of_fun(TDef=#typedef{name={ExtMod,Name},typespec=Type},
     case {ExtMod,Name} of
 	{primitive,bif} ->
 	    emit(indent(12)),
-	    gen_encode_prim(per,Type,dotag,"Val"),
+	    gen_encode_prim(uper,Type,dotag,"Val"),
 	    {[],0};
 	{constructed,bif} ->
 	    emit([indent(12),"'enc_",
@@ -988,7 +973,7 @@ emit_inner_of_decfun(#typedef{name={ExtName,Name},typespec=Type},
     case {ExtName,Name} of
 	{primitive,bif} ->
 	    emit(indent(12)),
-	    gen_dec_prim(per,Type,"Val"),
+	    gen_dec_prim(uper, Type, "Val"),
 	    0;
 	{constructed,bif} ->
 	    emit({indent(12),"'dec_",
@@ -1006,7 +991,7 @@ emit_inner_of_decfun(Type,_) when is_record(Type,type) ->
     case Type#type.def of
 	Def when is_atom(Def) ->
 	    emit({indent(9),Def," ->",nl,indent(12)}),
-	    gen_dec_prim(erules,Type,"Val");
+	    gen_dec_prim(uper, Type, "Val");
 	TRef when is_record(TRef,typereference) ->
 	    T = TRef#typereference.val,
 	    emit({indent(9),T," ->",nl,indent(12),"'dec_",T,"'(Val)"});
@@ -1104,6 +1089,31 @@ gen_dec_imm_1('ASN1_OPEN_TYPE', Constraint, Aligned) ->
     imm_decode_open_type(Constraint, Aligned);
 gen_dec_imm_1('ANY', _Constraint, Aligned) ->
     imm_decode_open_type([], Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1({'BIT STRING',NNL}, Constr0, Aligned) ->
+    Constr = get_constraint(Constr0, 'SizeConstraint'),
+    Imm = asn1ct_imm:per_dec_raw_bitstring(Constr, Aligned),
+    case NNL of
+	[] ->
+	    case asn1ct:get_bit_string_format() of
+		compact ->
+		    gen_dec_bit_string(decode_compact_bit_string,
+				       Imm);
+		legacy ->
+		    gen_dec_bit_string(decode_legacy_bit_string,
+				       Imm);
+		bitstring ->
+		    gen_dec_copy_bitstring(Imm)
+	    end;
+	[_|_] ->
+	    D = fun(V, Buf) ->
+			As = [V,{asis,NNL}],
+			Call = {call,per_common,decode_named_bit_string,As},
+			emit(["{",Call,com,Buf,"}"])
+		end,
+	    {call,D,Imm}
+    end;
+gen_dec_imm_1('NULL', _Constr, _Aligned) ->
+    {value,'NULL'};
 gen_dec_imm_1('BOOLEAN', _Constr, _Aligned) ->
     asn1ct_imm:per_dec_boolean();
 gen_dec_imm_1({'ENUMERATED',{Base,Ext}}, _Constr, Aligned) ->
@@ -1116,97 +1126,84 @@ gen_dec_imm_1({'INTEGER',NamedNumberList}, Constraint, Aligned) ->
     asn1ct_imm:per_dec_named_integer(Constraint,
 				     NamedNumberList,
 				     Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('BMPString'=Type, Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_k_m_string(Type, Constraint, Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('NumericString'=Type, Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_k_m_string(Type, Constraint, Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('PrintableString'=Type, Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_k_m_string(Type, Constraint, Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('VisibleString'=Type, Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_k_m_string(Type, Constraint, Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('IA5String'=Type, Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_k_m_string(Type, Constraint, Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('UniversalString'=Type, Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_k_m_string(Type, Constraint, Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('UTCTime', Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_k_m_string('VisibleString', Constraint, Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('GeneralizedTime', Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_k_m_string('VisibleString', Constraint, Aligned);
 gen_dec_imm_1('OCTET STRING', Constraint, Aligned) ->
     SzConstr = get_constraint(Constraint, 'SizeConstraint'),
     Imm = asn1ct_imm:per_dec_octet_string(SzConstr, Aligned),
     {convert,binary_to_list,Imm};
-gen_dec_imm_1(_, _, _) -> no.
-
-gen_dec_prim(Erule, Type, BytesVar) ->
-    case gen_dec_imm(Erule, Type) of
-	no ->
-	    gen_dec_prim_1(Erule, Type, BytesVar);
-	Imm ->
-	    asn1ct_imm:dec_code_gen(Imm, BytesVar)
+gen_dec_imm_1('TeletexString', _Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_restricted_string(Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('T61String', _Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_restricted_string(Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('VideotexString', _Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_restricted_string(Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('GraphicString', _Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_restricted_string(Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('GeneralString', _Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_restricted_string(Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('ObjectDescriptor', _Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    gen_dec_restricted_string(Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('OBJECT IDENTIFIER', _Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    Dec = fun(V, Buf) ->
+		  emit(["{",{call,per_common,decode_oid,[V]},com,
+			Buf,"}"])
+	  end,
+    {call,Dec,gen_dec_restricted_string(Aligned)};
+gen_dec_imm_1('RELATIVE-OID', _Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    Dec = fun(V, Buf) ->
+		  emit(["{",{call,per_common,decode_relative_oid,[V]},com,
+			Buf,"}"])
+	  end,
+    {call,Dec,gen_dec_restricted_string(Aligned)};
+gen_dec_imm_1('UTF8String', _Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    asn1ct_imm:per_dec_restricted_string(Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1('REAL', _Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    asn1ct_imm:per_dec_real(Aligned);
+gen_dec_imm_1(#'ObjectClassFieldType'{}=TypeName, Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    case asn1ct_gen:get_inner(TypeName) of
+	{fixedtypevaluefield,_,InnerType} ->
+	    gen_dec_imm_1(InnerType, Constraint, Aligned);
+	T ->
+	    gen_dec_imm_1(T, Constraint, Aligned)
     end.
 
-gen_dec_prim_1(Erule,
-	       #type{def=Typename,constraint=Constraint}=Att,
-	       BytesVar) ->
-    case Typename of
-	'REAL' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_real(",BytesVar,")"});
-	
-	{'BIT STRING',NamedNumberList} ->
-	    case get(compact_bit_string) of
-		true ->
-		    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_compact_bit_string(",
-			  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},",",
-			  {asis,NamedNumberList},")"});
-		_ ->
-		    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_bit_string(",BytesVar,",",
-			  {asis,Constraint},",",
-			  {asis,NamedNumberList},")"})
-	    end;
-	'NULL' ->
-	    emit({"{'NULL',",BytesVar,"}"});
-	'OBJECT IDENTIFIER' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_object_identifier(",
-		  BytesVar,")"});
-	'RELATIVE-OID' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_relative_oid(",
-		  BytesVar,")"});
-	'ObjectDescriptor' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_ObjectDescriptor(",
-		  BytesVar,")"});
-	'NumericString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_NumericString(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},")"});
-	TString when TString == 'TeletexString';
-		     TString == 'T61String' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_TeletexString(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},")"});
-	'VideotexString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_VideotexString(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},")"});
-	'UTCTime' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_VisibleString(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},")"});
-	'GeneralizedTime' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_VisibleString(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},")"});
-	'GraphicString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_GraphicString(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},")"});
-	'VisibleString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_VisibleString(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},")"});
-	'GeneralString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_GeneralString(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},")"});
-	'PrintableString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_PrintableString(",BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},")"});
-	'IA5String' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_IA5String(",BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},")"});
-	'BMPString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_BMPString(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},")"});
-	'UniversalString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_UniversalString(",BytesVar,
-		  ",",{asis,Constraint},")"});
-	'UTF8String' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_UTF8String(",BytesVar,")"});
-	#'ObjectClassFieldType'{} ->
-		case asn1ct_gen:get_inner(Typename) of
-		    {fixedtypevaluefield,_,InnerType} -> 
-			gen_dec_prim(Erule, InnerType, BytesVar);
-		    T ->
-			gen_dec_prim(Erule, Att#type{def=T}, BytesVar)
-		end;
-	Other ->
-	    exit({'cant decode' ,Other})
-    end.
+gen_dec_bit_string(F, Imm) ->
+    D = fun(V, Buf) ->
+		emit(["{",{call,per_common,F,[V]},com,Buf,"}"])
+	end,
+    {call,D,Imm}.
 
+gen_dec_copy_bitstring(Imm) ->
+    D = fun(V, Buf) ->
+		emit(["{list_to_bitstring([",V,"]),",Buf,"}"])
+	end,
+    {call,D,Imm}.
+
+gen_dec_k_m_string(Type, Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    asn1ct_imm:per_dec_k_m_string(Type, Constraint, Aligned).
+
+gen_dec_restricted_string(Aligned) ->
+    Imm = asn1ct_imm:per_dec_restricted_string(Aligned),
+    {convert,binary_to_list,Imm}.
+
+gen_dec_prim(Erule, Type, BytesVar) ->
+    Imm = gen_dec_imm(Erule, Type),
+    asn1ct_imm:dec_code_gen(Imm, BytesVar).
 
 is_already_generated(Operation,Name) ->
     case get(class_default_type) of
@@ -1280,3 +1277,6 @@ imm_dec_open_type_1(Type, Aligned) ->
 		      "end"])
 	end,
     {call,D,asn1ct_imm:per_dec_open_type(Aligned)}.
+
+eval_module(per) -> asn1ct_eval_per;
+eval_module(uper) -> asn1ct_eval_uper.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen_per_rt2ct.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen_per_rt2ct.erl
index 4f4563833f..8dd0297f89 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen_per_rt2ct.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_gen_per_rt2ct.erl
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 -import(asn1ct_gen, [emit/1,demit/1]).
 -import(asn1ct_gen_per, [is_already_generated/2,more_genfields/1,
 			 get_class_fields/1,get_object_field/2]).
+-import(asn1ct_func, [call/3]).
 
 %% pgen(Erules, Module, TypeOrVal)
 %% Generate Erlang module (.erl) and (.hrl) file corresponding to an ASN.1 module
@@ -82,13 +83,6 @@ gen_encode_user(Erules,D) when is_record(D,typedef) ->
     Typename = [D#typedef.name],
     Def = D#typedef.typespec,
     InnerType = asn1ct_gen:get_inner(Def#type.def),
-    case InnerType of
-	'SET' -> true;
-	'SEQUENCE' -> true;
-	_ ->
-	    emit({nl,"'enc_",asn1ct_gen:list2name(Typename),"'({'",asn1ct_gen:list2name(Typename),"',Val}) ->",nl}),
-	    emit({"'enc_",asn1ct_gen:list2name(Typename),"'(Val);",nl,nl})
-    end,
     emit({"'enc_",asn1ct_gen:list2name(Typename),"'(Val) ->",nl}),
     case asn1ct_gen:type(InnerType) of
 	{primitive,bif} ->
@@ -137,41 +131,30 @@ gen_encode_prim(Erules,D,DoTag,Value) when is_record(D,type) ->
 	    emit(["  %%INTEGER with effective constraint: ",
 		  {asis,EffectiveConstr},nl]),
 	    emit_enc_integer_NNL(Erules,EffectiveConstr,Value,NamedNumberList);
-	{'ENUMERATED',{Nlist1,Nlist2}} ->
-	    NewList = lists:append([[{0,X}||{X,_} <- Nlist1],['EXT_MARK'],[{1,X}||{X,_} <- Nlist2]]),
-	    NewC = [{'ValueRange',{0,length(Nlist1)-1}}],
-	    emit(["case ",Value," of",nl]),
-%%	    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erules,NewC, NewList++[{asn1_enum,length(Nlist1)-1}], 0);
-	    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erules,NewC, NewList, 0);
-	{'ENUMERATED',NamedNumberList} ->
-	    NewList = [X||{X,_} <- NamedNumberList],
-	    NewC = effective_constraint(integer,
-					[{'ValueRange',
-					  {0,length(NewList)-1}}]),
-	    NewVal = enc_enum_cases(Value,NewList),
-	    emit_enc_integer(Erules,NewC,NewVal);
-
+	{'ENUMERATED',_} ->
+	    asn1ct_gen_per:gen_encode_prim(Erules, D, DoTag, Value);
 	'REAL' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_real(",Value,")"});
+	    emit_enc_real(Erules, Value);
 
 	{'BIT STRING',NamedNumberList} ->
 	    EffectiveC = effective_constraint(bitstring,Constraint),
 	    case EffectiveC of
-		0 -> emit({"[]"});
+		0 ->
+		    emit({"[]"});
 		_ ->
-		    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_bit_string(",
-			  {asis,EffectiveC},",",Value,",",
-			  {asis,NamedNumberList},")"})
+		    call(Erules, encode_bit_string,
+			 [{asis,EffectiveC},Value,
+			  {asis,NamedNumberList}])
 	    end;
 	'NULL' ->
 	    emit("[]");
 	'OBJECT IDENTIFIER' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_object_identifier(",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_object_identifier, [Value]);
 	'RELATIVE-OID' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_relative_oid(",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_relative_oid, [Value]);
 	'ObjectDescriptor' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_ObjectDescriptor(",{asis,Constraint},
-		  ",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_ObjectDescriptor,
+		 [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'BOOLEAN' ->
 	    emit({"case ",Value," of",nl,
 		  "  true -> [1];",nl,
@@ -185,19 +168,19 @@ gen_encode_prim(Erules,D,DoTag,Value) when is_record(D,type) ->
 	    emit_enc_known_multiplier_string('NumericString',Constraint,Value);
 	TString when TString == 'TeletexString';
 		     TString == 'T61String' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_TeletexString(",{asis,Constraint},",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_TeletexString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'VideotexString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_VideotexString(",{asis,Constraint},",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_VideotexString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'UTCTime' ->
 	    emit_enc_known_multiplier_string('VisibleString',Constraint,Value);
 	'GeneralizedTime' ->
 	    emit_enc_known_multiplier_string('VisibleString',Constraint,Value);
 	'GraphicString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_GraphicString(",{asis,Constraint},",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_GraphicString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'VisibleString' ->
 	    emit_enc_known_multiplier_string('VisibleString',Constraint,Value);
 	'GeneralString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_GeneralString(",{asis,Constraint},",",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_GeneralString, [{asis,Constraint},Value]);
 	'PrintableString' ->
 	    emit_enc_known_multiplier_string('PrintableString',Constraint,Value);
 	'IA5String' ->
@@ -207,23 +190,23 @@ gen_encode_prim(Erules,D,DoTag,Value) when is_record(D,type) ->
 	'UniversalString' ->
 	    emit_enc_known_multiplier_string('UniversalString',Constraint,Value);
 	'UTF8String' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_UTF8String(",Value,")"});
+	    call(Erules, encode_UTF8String, [Value]);
 	'ANY' ->
-	    emit(["?RT_PER:encode_open_type(", {asis,Constraint}, ",", 
-		  Value, ")"]);
+	    call(Erules, encode_open_type, [Value]);
 	'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE' ->
 	    NewValue = case Constraint of
 			   [#'Externaltypereference'{type=Tname}] ->
-			     io_lib:format(
-			       "?RT_PER:complete(enc_~s(~s))",[Tname,Value]);
+			       asn1ct_func:need({Erules,complete,1}),
+			       io_lib:format(
+				 "complete(enc_~s(~s))",[Tname,Value]);
 			   [#type{def=#'Externaltypereference'{type=Tname}}] ->
+			       asn1ct_func:need({Erules,complete,1}),
 			       io_lib:format(
-				 "?RT_PER:complete(enc_~s(~s))",
+				 "complete(enc_~s(~s))",
 				 [Tname,Value]);
 			 _ -> Value
 		     end,
-	    emit(["?RT_PER:encode_open_type(", {asis,Constraint}, ",", 
-		  NewValue, ")"]);
+	    call(Erules, encode_open_type, [NewValue]);
 	#'ObjectClassFieldType'{} ->
 	    case asn1ct_gen:get_inner(D#type.def) of
 		{fixedtypevaluefield,_,InnerType} -> 
@@ -235,6 +218,17 @@ gen_encode_prim(Erules,D,DoTag,Value) when is_record(D,type) ->
 	    exit({asn1_error,nyi,XX})
     end.
 
+emit_enc_real(Erules, Real) ->
+    asn1ct_name:new(tmpval),
+    asn1ct_name:new(tmplen),
+    emit(["begin",nl,
+	  "{",{curr,tmpval},com,{curr,tmplen},"} = ",
+	  {call,real_common,encode_real,[Real]},com,nl,
+	  "[",{call,Erules,encode_length,[{curr,tmplen}]},",",nl,
+	  {call,Erules,octets_to_complete,
+	   [{curr,tmplen},{curr,tmpval}]},"]",nl,
+	  "end"]).
+
 emit_enc_known_multiplier_string(StringType,C,Value) ->
     SizeC = 
 	case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of
@@ -254,62 +248,34 @@ emit_enc_known_multiplier_string(StringType,C,Value) ->
     NumBits = get_NumBits(C,StringType),
     CharOutTab = get_CharOutTab(C,StringType),
     %% NunBits and CharOutTab for chars_encode
-    emit_enc_k_m_string(StringType,SizeC,NumBits,CharOutTab,Value).
+    emit_enc_k_m_string(SizeC, NumBits, CharOutTab, Value).
 
-emit_enc_k_m_string(_StringType,0,_NumBits,_CharOutTab,_Value) ->
+emit_enc_k_m_string(0, _NumBits, _CharOutTab, _Value) ->
     emit({"[]"});
-emit_enc_k_m_string(StringType,SizeC,NumBits,CharOutTab,Value) ->
-    emit({"?RT_PER:encode_known_multiplier_string(",{asis,StringType},",",
-	  {asis,SizeC},",",NumBits,",",{asis,CharOutTab},",",Value,")"}).
-
-emit_dec_known_multiplier_string(StringType,C,BytesVar) ->
-    SizeC = get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint'),
-    PAlphabC = get_constraint(C,'PermittedAlphabet'),
-    case {StringType,PAlphabC} of
-	{'BMPString',{_,_}} ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,
-			 {'not implemented',
-			  "BMPString with PermittedAlphabet "
-			  "constraint"}}});
-	_ ->
-	    ok
-    end,
-    NumBits = get_NumBits(C,StringType),
-    CharInTab = get_CharInTab(C,StringType),
-    case SizeC of
-	0 ->
-	    emit({"{[],",BytesVar,"}"});
-	_ ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_known_multiplier_string(",
-		  {asis,StringType},",",{asis,SizeC},",",NumBits,
-		  ",",{asis,CharInTab},",",BytesVar,")"})
-    end.
+emit_enc_k_m_string(SizeC, NumBits, CharOutTab, Value) ->
+    call(per, encode_known_multiplier_string,
+	 [{asis,SizeC},NumBits,{asis,CharOutTab},Value]).
 
 
 %% copied from run time module
 
-get_CharOutTab(C,StringType) ->
-    get_CharTab(C,StringType,out).
-
-get_CharInTab(C,StringType) ->
-    get_CharTab(C,StringType,in).
-
-get_CharTab(C,StringType,InOut) ->
+get_CharOutTab(C, StringType) ->
     case get_constraint(C,'PermittedAlphabet') of
 	{'SingleValue',Sv} ->
-	    get_CharTab2(C,StringType,hd(Sv),lists:max(Sv),Sv,InOut);
+	    get_CharTab2(C, StringType, hd(Sv), lists:max(Sv), Sv);
 	no ->
 	    case StringType of
 		'IA5String' ->
 		    {0,16#7F,notab};
 		'VisibleString' ->
-		    get_CharTab2(C,StringType,16#20,16#7F,notab,InOut);
+		    get_CharTab2(C, StringType, 16#20, 16#7F, notab);
 		'PrintableString' ->
 		    Chars = lists:sort(
 			      " '()+,-./0123456789:=?ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"),
-		    get_CharTab2(C,StringType,hd(Chars),lists:max(Chars),Chars,InOut);
+		    get_CharTab2(C, StringType, hd(Chars),
+				 lists:max(Chars), Chars);
 		'NumericString' ->
-		    get_CharTab2(C,StringType,16#20,$9," 0123456789",InOut);
+		    get_CharTab2(C, StringType, 16#20, $9, " 0123456789");
 		'UniversalString' ->
 		    {0,16#FFFFFFFF,notab};
 		'BMPString' ->
@@ -317,18 +283,13 @@ get_CharTab(C,StringType,InOut) ->
 	    end
     end.
 
-get_CharTab2(C,StringType,Min,Max,Chars,InOut) ->
+get_CharTab2(C, StringType, Min, Max, Chars) ->
     BitValMax = (1 bsl get_NumBits(C,StringType))-1,
     if
 	Max =< BitValMax ->
 	    {0,Max,notab};
 	true ->
-	    case InOut of
-		out ->
-		    {Min,Max,create_char_tab(Min,Chars)};
-		in  ->
-		    {Min,Max,list_to_tuple(Chars)}
-	    end
+	    {Min,Max,create_char_tab(Min,Chars)}
     end.
 
 create_char_tab(Min,L) ->
@@ -397,7 +358,7 @@ charbits1(NumOfChars) ->
 
 %% copied from run time module
 
-emit_enc_octet_string(_Erules,Constraint,Value) ->
+emit_enc_octet_string(Erules, Constraint, Value) ->
     case get_constraint(Constraint,'SizeConstraint') of
 	0 ->
 	    emit({"  []"});
@@ -446,7 +407,8 @@ emit_enc_octet_string(_Erules,Constraint,Value) ->
 		  "    end",nl,
 		  "  end"]);
 	C ->
-	    emit({"  ?RT_PER:encode_octet_string(",{asis,C},",false,",Value,")",nl})
+	    call(Erules, encode_octet_string,
+		 [{asis,C},false,Value])
     end.
 
 emit_enc_integer_case(Value) ->
@@ -533,71 +495,12 @@ emit_enc_integer(_Erule,[{_,{Lb,Ub},Range,_}],Value) when Range =< 65536 ->
 	  nl,"  end",nl]),
     emit_enc_integer_end_case();
 
+emit_enc_integer(Erule, [{'ValueRange',{Lb,Ub}=VR}], Value)
+  when is_integer(Lb), is_integer(Ub) ->
+    call(Erule, encode_constrained_number, [{asis,VR},Value]);
 
-emit_enc_integer(_Erule,C,Value) ->
-    emit({"  ?RT_PER:encode_integer(",{asis,C},",",Value,")"}).
-
-
-
-
-enc_enum_cases(Value,NewList) ->
-    asn1ct_name:new(tmpval),
-    TmpVal = asn1ct_gen:mk_var(asn1ct_name:curr(tmpval)),
-    Cases=enc_enum_cases1(NewList),
-    lists:flatten(io_lib:format("(case ~s of "++Cases++
-				"~s ->exit({error,"
-				"{asn1,{enumerated,~s}}})"
-				" end)",
-				[Value,TmpVal,TmpVal])).
-enc_enum_cases1(NNL) ->
-    enc_enum_cases1(NNL,0).
-enc_enum_cases1([H|T],Index) ->
-    io_lib:format("~w->~w;",[H,Index])++enc_enum_cases1(T,Index+1);
-enc_enum_cases1([],_) ->
-    "".
-
-
-emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erule, C, [H], Count) ->
-    emit_enc_enumerated_case(Erule, C, H, Count),
-    case H of
-	'EXT_MARK' ->
-	    ok;
-	_ ->
-	    emit([";",nl])
-    end,
-    emit([nl,"EnumVal -> exit({error,{asn1, {enumerated_not_in_range, EnumVal}}})"]),
-    emit([nl,"end"]);
-emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erule, C, ['EXT_MARK'|T], _Count) ->
-    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erule, C, T, 0);
-emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erule, C, [H1,H2|T], Count) ->
-    emit_enc_enumerated_case(Erule, C, H1, Count),
-    emit([";",nl]),
-    emit_enc_enumerated_cases(Erule, C, [H2|T], Count+1).
-
-
-%% The function clauses matching on tuples with first element 
-%% asn1_enum, 1 or 0 and the atom 'EXT_MARK' are for ENUMERATED
-%% with extension mark.
-%% emit_enc_enumerated_case(_Erule,_C, {asn1_enum,High}, _) -> 
-%%     %% ENUMERATED with extensionmark
-%%     %% value higher than the extension base and not 
-%%     %% present in the extension range.
-%%     emit(["{asn1_enum,EnumV} when is_integer(EnumV), EnumV > ",High," -> ",
-%% 	  "[1,?RT_PER:encode_small_number(EnumV)]"]);
-emit_enc_enumerated_case(_Erule,_C, {1,EnumName}, Count) ->
-    %% ENUMERATED with extensionmark
-    %% values higher than extension root
-    emit(["'",EnumName,"' -> [1,?RT_PER:encode_small_number(",Count,")]"]);
-emit_enc_enumerated_case(_Erule,C, {0,EnumName}, Count) ->
-    %% ENUMERATED with extensionmark
-    %% values within extension root
-%%    emit(["'",EnumName,"' -> [0,?RT_PER:encode_integer(",{asis,C},", ",Count,")]"]);
-    emit(["'",EnumName,"' -> ",{asis,[0|asn1rt_per_bin_rt2ct:encode_integer(C,Count)]}]);
-emit_enc_enumerated_case(_Erule, _C, 'EXT_MARK', _Count) ->
-    true.
-%% %% This clause is invoked in case of an ENUMERATED without extension mark
-%% emit_enc_enumerated_case(_Erule,_C, EnumName, Count) ->
-%%     emit(["'",EnumName,"' -> ",Count]).
+emit_enc_integer(Erule, C, Value) ->
+    call(Erule, encode_integer, [{asis,C},Value]).
 
 
 get_constraint([{Key,V}],Key) ->
@@ -1367,7 +1270,7 @@ emit_inner_of_decfun(Type,_) when is_record(Type,type) ->
     case Type#type.def of
 	Def when is_atom(Def) ->
 	    emit({indent(9),Def," ->",nl,indent(12)}),
-	    gen_dec_prim(erules,Type,"Val");
+	    gen_dec_prim(per, Type, "Val");
 	TRef when is_record(TRef,typereference) ->
 	    T = TRef#typereference.val,
 	    emit({indent(9),T," ->",nl,indent(12),"'dec_",T,"'(Val)"});
@@ -1456,105 +1359,8 @@ gen_decode_user(Erules,D) when is_record(D,typedef) ->
 
 
 
-gen_dec_prim(Erules,Att,BytesVar) ->
-    Typename = Att#type.def,
-    Constraint = Att#type.constraint,
-    case Typename of
-	'INTEGER' ->
-	    asn1ct_gen_per:gen_dec_prim(Erules, Att, BytesVar);
-	{'INTEGER',_NamedNumberList} ->
-	    asn1ct_gen_per:gen_dec_prim(Erules, Att, BytesVar);
-	'REAL' ->
-	    emit(["?RT_PER:decode_real(",BytesVar,")"]);
-
-	{'BIT STRING',NamedNumberList} ->
-	    case get(compact_bit_string) of
-		true ->
-		    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_compact_bit_string(",
-			  BytesVar,",",{asis,Constraint},",",
-			  {asis,NamedNumberList},")"});
-		_ ->
-		    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_bit_string(",BytesVar,",",
-			  {asis,Constraint},",",
-			  {asis,NamedNumberList},")"})
-	    end;
-	'NULL' ->
-	    emit({"{'NULL',",BytesVar,"}"});
-	'OBJECT IDENTIFIER' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_object_identifier(",
-		  BytesVar,")"});
-	'RELATIVE-OID' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_relative_oid(",
-		  BytesVar,")"});
-	'ObjectDescriptor' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_ObjectDescriptor(",
-		  BytesVar,")"});
-	{'ENUMERATED',_} ->
-	    asn1ct_gen_per:gen_dec_prim(Erules, Att, BytesVar);
-	'BOOLEAN'->
-	    asn1ct_gen_per:gen_dec_prim(Erules, Att, BytesVar);
-
-	'OCTET STRING' ->
-	    asn1ct_gen_per:gen_dec_prim(Erules, Att, BytesVar);
-
-	'NumericString' ->
-	    emit_dec_known_multiplier_string('NumericString',
-					     Constraint,BytesVar);
-	TString when TString == 'TeletexString';
-		     TString == 'T61String' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_TeletexString(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},")"});
-
-	'VideotexString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_VideotexString(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},")"});
-
-	'UTCTime' ->
-	    emit_dec_known_multiplier_string('VisibleString',
-					     Constraint,BytesVar);
-	'GeneralizedTime' ->
-	    emit_dec_known_multiplier_string('VisibleString',
-					     Constraint,BytesVar);
-	'GraphicString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_GraphicString(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},")"});
-
-	'VisibleString' ->
-	    emit_dec_known_multiplier_string('VisibleString',
-					     Constraint,BytesVar);
-	'GeneralString' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_GeneralString(",BytesVar,",",
-		  {asis,Constraint},")"});
-
-	'PrintableString' ->
-	    emit_dec_known_multiplier_string('PrintableString',
-					     Constraint,BytesVar);
-	'IA5String' ->
-	    emit_dec_known_multiplier_string('IA5String',Constraint,BytesVar);
-
-	'BMPString' ->
-	    emit_dec_known_multiplier_string('BMPString',Constraint,BytesVar);
-
-	'UniversalString' ->
-	    emit_dec_known_multiplier_string('UniversalString',
-					     Constraint,BytesVar);
-
-	'UTF8String' ->
-	    emit({"?RT_PER:decode_UTF8String(",BytesVar,")"});
-	'ANY' ->
-	    asn1ct_gen_per:gen_dec_prim(Erules, Att, BytesVar);
-	'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE' ->
-	    asn1ct_gen_per:gen_dec_prim(Erules, Att, BytesVar);
-	#'ObjectClassFieldType'{} ->
-		case asn1ct_gen:get_inner(Att#type.def) of
-		    {fixedtypevaluefield,_,InnerType} -> 
-			gen_dec_prim(Erules,InnerType,BytesVar);
-		    T ->
-			gen_dec_prim(Erules,Att#type{def=T},BytesVar)
-		end;
-	Other ->
-	    exit({'cant decode' ,Other})
-    end.
+gen_dec_prim(Erules, Att, BytesVar) ->
+    asn1ct_gen_per:gen_dec_prim(Erules, Att, BytesVar).
 
 %% For PER the ExtensionAdditionGroup notation has significance for the encoding and decoding
 %% the components within the ExtensionAdditionGroup is treated in a similar way as if they
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_imm.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_imm.erl
index 34bb0b8714..5bdaed8f4f 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_imm.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_imm.erl
@@ -18,10 +18,13 @@
 %%
 %%
 -module(asn1ct_imm).
--export([per_dec_boolean/0,per_dec_enumerated/2,per_dec_enumerated/3,
+-export([per_dec_raw_bitstring/2,
+	 per_dec_boolean/0,per_dec_enumerated/2,per_dec_enumerated/3,
 	 per_dec_extension_map/1,
-	 per_dec_integer/2,per_dec_length/3,per_dec_named_integer/3,
-	 per_dec_octet_string/2,per_dec_open_type/1]).
+	 per_dec_integer/2,per_dec_k_m_string/3,
+	 per_dec_length/3,per_dec_named_integer/3,
+	 per_dec_octet_string/2,per_dec_open_type/1,per_dec_real/1,
+	 per_dec_restricted_string/1]).
 -export([optimize_alignment/1,optimize_alignment/2,
 	 dec_slim_cg/2,dec_code_gen/2]).
 -export([effective_constraint/2]).
@@ -59,9 +62,17 @@ per_dec_boolean() ->
     {map,{get_bits,1,[1]},[{0,false},{1,true}]}.
 
 per_dec_enumerated(NamedList0, Aligned) ->
-    Constraint = [{'ValueRange',{0,length(NamedList0)-1}}],
-    NamedList = per_dec_enumerated_fix_list(NamedList0, [enum_error], 0),
+    Ub = length(NamedList0) - 1,
+    Constraint = [{'ValueRange',{0,Ub}}],
     Int = per_dec_integer(Constraint, Aligned),
+    EnumTail = case matched_range(Int) of
+		   {0,Ub} ->
+		       %% The error case can never happen.
+		       [];
+		   _ ->
+		       [enum_error]
+	       end,
+    NamedList = per_dec_enumerated_fix_list(NamedList0, EnumTail, 0),
     {map,Int,NamedList}.
 
 per_dec_enumerated(BaseNamedList, NamedListExt0, Aligned) ->
@@ -100,13 +111,36 @@ per_dec_named_integer(Constraint, NamedList0, Aligned) ->
     NamedList = [{K,V} || {V,K} <- NamedList0] ++ [integer_default],
     {map,Int,NamedList}.
 
+per_dec_k_m_string(StringType, Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    SzConstr = get_constraint(Constraint, 'SizeConstraint'),
+    N = string_num_bits(StringType, Constraint, Aligned),
+    Imm = dec_string(SzConstr, N, Aligned),
+    Chars = char_tab(Constraint, StringType, N),
+    convert_string(N, Chars, Imm).
+
 per_dec_octet_string(Constraint, Aligned) ->
     dec_string(Constraint, 8, Aligned).
 
+per_dec_raw_bitstring(Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    dec_string(Constraint, 1, Aligned).
+
 per_dec_open_type(Aligned) ->
     {get_bits,decode_unconstrained_length(true, Aligned),
      [8,binary,{align,Aligned}]}.
 
+per_dec_real(Aligned) ->
+    Dec = fun(V, Buf) ->
+		  emit(["{",{call,real_common,decode_real,[V]},
+			com,Buf,"}"])
+	  end,
+    {call,Dec,
+     {get_bits,decode_unconstrained_length(true, Aligned),
+      [8,binary,{align,Aligned}]}}.
+
+per_dec_restricted_string(Aligned) ->
+    DecLen = decode_unconstrained_length(true, Aligned),
+    {get_bits,DecLen,[8,binary]}.
+
 
 %%%
 %%% Local functions.
@@ -116,7 +150,7 @@ dec_string(Sv, U, _Aligned) when is_integer(Sv), U*Sv =< 16 ->
     {get_bits,Sv,[U,binary]};
 dec_string(Sv, U, Aligned) when is_integer(Sv), Sv < 16#10000 ->
     {get_bits,Sv,[U,binary,{align,Aligned}]};
-dec_string(C, U, Aligned) when is_list(C) ->
+dec_string([_|_]=C, U, Aligned) when is_list(C) ->
     dec_string({hd(C),lists:max(C)}, U, Aligned);
 dec_string({Sv,Sv}, U, Aligned) ->
     dec_string(Sv, U, Aligned);
@@ -129,8 +163,9 @@ dec_string({Lb,Ub}, U, Aligned) when Ub < 16#10000 ->
 dec_string(_, U, Aligned) ->
     Al = [{align,Aligned}],
     DecRest = fun(V, Buf) ->
-		      emit(["?RT_PER:decode_fragmented(",V,", ",
-			    Buf,", ",U,")"])
+		      asn1ct_func:call(per_common,
+				       decode_fragmented,
+				       [V,Buf,U])
 	      end,
     {'case',[{test,{get_bits,1,[1|Al]},0,
 	      {value,{get_bits,
@@ -228,6 +263,103 @@ per_num_bits(N) when N =< 64 -> 6;
 per_num_bits(N) when N =< 128 -> 7;
 per_num_bits(N) when N =< 255 -> 8.
 
+matched_range({get_bits,Bits0,[U|Flags]}) when is_integer(U) ->
+    case lists:member(signed, Flags) of
+	false ->
+	    Bits = U*Bits0,
+	    {0,(1 bsl Bits) - 1};
+	true ->
+	    unknown
+    end;
+matched_range(_Op) -> unknown.
+
+string_num_bits(StringType, Constraint, Aligned) ->
+    case get_constraint(Constraint, 'PermittedAlphabet') of
+	{'SingleValue',Sv} ->
+	    charbits(length(Sv), Aligned);
+	no ->
+	    case StringType of
+		'IA5String' ->
+		    charbits(128, Aligned);
+		'VisibleString' ->
+		    charbits(95, Aligned);
+		'PrintableString' ->
+		    charbits(74, Aligned);
+		'NumericString' ->
+		    charbits(11, Aligned);
+		'UniversalString' ->
+		    32;
+		'BMPString' ->
+		    16
+	    end
+    end.
+
+charbits(NumChars, false) ->
+    uper_num_bits(NumChars);
+charbits(NumChars, true) ->
+    1 bsl uper_num_bits(uper_num_bits(NumChars)).
+
+convert_string(8, notab, Imm) ->
+    {convert,binary_to_list,Imm};
+convert_string(NumBits, notab, Imm) when NumBits < 8 ->
+    Dec = fun(V, Buf) ->
+		  emit(["{",{call,per_common,decode_chars,
+			     [V,NumBits]},com,Buf,"}"])
+	  end,
+    {call,Dec,Imm};
+convert_string(NumBits, notab, Imm) when NumBits =:= 16 ->
+    Dec = fun(V, Buf) ->
+		  emit(["{",{call,per_common,decode_chars_16bit,
+			     [V]},com,Buf,"}"])
+	  end,
+    {call,Dec,Imm};
+convert_string(NumBits, notab, Imm) ->
+    Dec = fun(V, Buf) ->
+		  emit(["{",{call,per_common,decode_big_chars,
+			     [V,NumBits]},com,Buf,"}"])
+	  end,
+    {call,Dec,Imm};
+convert_string(NumBits, Chars, Imm) ->
+    Dec = fun(V, Buf) ->
+		  emit(["{",{call,per_common,decode_chars,
+			     [V,NumBits,{asis,Chars}]},com,Buf,"}"])
+	  end,
+    {call,Dec,Imm}.
+
+char_tab(C, StringType, NumBits) ->
+    case get_constraint(C, 'PermittedAlphabet') of
+	{'SingleValue',Sv} ->
+	    char_tab_1(Sv, NumBits);
+	no ->
+	    case StringType of
+		'IA5String' ->
+		    notab;
+		'VisibleString' ->
+		    notab;
+		'PrintableString' ->
+		    Chars = " '()+,-./0123456789:=?"
+			"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+			"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
+		    char_tab_1(Chars, NumBits);
+		'NumericString' ->
+		    char_tab_1(" 0123456789", NumBits);
+		'UniversalString' ->
+		    notab;
+		'BMPString' ->
+		    notab
+	    end
+    end.
+
+char_tab_1(Chars, NumBits) ->
+    Max = lists:max(Chars),
+    BitValMax = (1 bsl NumBits) - 1,
+    if
+	Max =< BitValMax ->
+	    notab;
+	true ->
+	    list_to_tuple(lists:sort(Chars))
+    end.
+
 %%%
 %%% Remove unnecessary aligning to octet boundaries.
 %%%
@@ -259,6 +391,8 @@ opt_al({'case',Cs0}, A0) ->
 opt_al({map,E0,Cs}, A0) ->
     {E,A} = opt_al(E0, A0),
     {{map,E,Cs},A};
+opt_al('NULL'=Null, A) ->
+    {Null,A};
 opt_al(I, A) when is_integer(I) ->
     {I,A}.
 
@@ -346,6 +480,8 @@ flatten({map,E0,Cs0}, Buf0, St0) ->
     {Dst,St2} = new_var("Int", St1),
     Cs = flatten_map_cs(Cs0, E),
     {{Dst,DstBuf},Pre++[{'map',E,Cs,{Dst,DstBuf}}],St2};
+flatten({value,'NULL'}, Buf0, St0) ->
+    {{"'NULL'",Buf0},[],St0};
 flatten({value,V0}, Buf0, St0) when is_integer(V0) ->
     {{V0,Buf0},[],St0};
 flatten({value,V0}, Buf0, St0) ->
@@ -515,8 +651,6 @@ dcg_list_inside([{get_bits,{Sz,_},Fl0,{Dst,DstBuf}}|T], _) ->
     dcg_list_inside(T, DstBuf);
 dcg_list_inside(L, Dst) -> {L,Dst}.
 
-bit_flags([1|T], Acc) ->
-    bit_flags(T, Acc);
 bit_flags([{align,_}|T], Acc) ->
     bit_flags(T, Acc);
 bit_flags([non_zero|T], Acc) ->
@@ -528,7 +662,11 @@ bit_flags([H|T], Acc) ->
 bit_flags([], []) ->
     "";
 bit_flags([], Acc) ->
-    "/" ++ bit_flags_1(Acc, "").
+    case "/" ++ bit_flags_1(Acc, "") of
+	"/unit:1" -> [];
+	Opts -> Opts
+    end.
+
 
 bit_flags_1([H|T], Sep) ->
     Sep ++ H ++ bit_flags_1(T, "-");
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_value.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_value.erl
index 389642c446..8f3dc1d8b8 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_value.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1ct_value.erl
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ from_type(M,Typename,Type) when is_record(Type,type) ->
 	{notype,_} ->
 	    true;
 	{primitive,bif} ->
-	    from_type_prim(Type);
+	    from_type_prim(M, Type);
 	'ASN1_OPEN_TYPE' ->
 	    case  Type#type.constraint of
 		[#'Externaltypereference'{type=TrefConstraint}] ->
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ from_type(M,Typename,Type) when is_record(Type,type) ->
 	    end;
 	{constructed,bif} when Typename == ['EXTERNAL'] ->
 	    Val=from_type_constructed(M,Typename,InnerType,Type),
-	    asn1rt_check:transform_to_EXTERNAL1994(Val);
+	    asn1ct_eval_ext:transform_to_EXTERNAL1994(Val);
 	{constructed,bif} ->
 	    from_type_constructed(M,Typename,InnerType,Type)
     end;
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ gen_list(_,_,_,0) ->
 gen_list(M,Typename,Oftype,N) ->
     [from_type(M,Typename,Oftype)|gen_list(M,Typename,Oftype,N-1)].
     
-from_type_prim(D) ->
+from_type_prim(M, D) ->
     C = D#type.constraint,
     case D#type.def of
 	'INTEGER' ->
@@ -212,18 +212,7 @@ from_type_prim(D) ->
 	    NN = [X||{X,_} <- NamedNumberList],
 	    case NN of
 		[] ->
-		    Bl1 =lists:reverse(adjust_list(size_random(C),[1,0,1,1])),
-		    Bl2 = lists:reverse(lists:dropwhile(fun(0)->true;(1)->false end,Bl1)),
-		    case {length(Bl2),get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint')} of
-			{Len,Len} ->
-			    Bl2;
-			{_Len,Int} when is_integer(Int) ->
-			    Bl1;
-			{Len,{Min,_}} when Min > Len ->
-			    Bl1;
-			_ ->
-			    Bl2
-		    end;
+		    random_unnamed_bit_string(M, C);
 		_ ->
 		    [lists:nth(random(length(NN)),NN)]
 	    end;
@@ -320,6 +309,32 @@ c_string(C,Default) ->
 	    Default
     end.
 
+random_unnamed_bit_string(M, C) ->
+    Bl1 = lists:reverse(adjust_list(size_random(C), [1,0,1,1])),
+    Bl2 = lists:reverse(lists:dropwhile(fun(0)-> true;
+					   (1) -> false
+					end,Bl1)),
+    Val = case {length(Bl2),get_constraint(C, 'SizeConstraint')} of
+	      {Len,Len} ->
+		  Bl2;
+	      {_Len,Int} when is_integer(Int) ->
+		  Bl1;
+	      {Len,{Min,_}} when Min > Len ->
+		  Bl1;
+	      _ ->
+		  Bl2
+	  end,
+    case M:bit_string_format() of
+	legacy ->
+	    Val;
+	bitstring ->
+	    << <<B:1>> || B <- Val >>;
+	compact ->
+	    BitString = << <<B:1>> || B <- Val >>,
+	    PadLen = (8 - (bit_size(BitString) band 7)) band 7,
+	    {PadLen,<<BitString/bitstring,0:PadLen>>}
+    end.
+
 %% FIXME:
 %% random_sign(integer) ->
 %%     case random(2) of
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_ber_bin.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_ber_bin.erl
deleted file mode 100644
index ec1549804b..0000000000
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_ber_bin.erl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,525 +0,0 @@
-%%
-%% %CopyrightBegin%
-%%
-%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2000-2010. All Rights Reserved.
-%%
-%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
-%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
-%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
-%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
-%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
-%%
-%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
-%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
-%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
-%% under the License.
-%%
-%% %CopyrightEnd%
-%%
-%%
--module(asn1rt_ber_bin).
-
--export([decode_length/1,
-	 encode_real/2, encode_real/3,
-	 decode_real/2, decode_real/4,
-	 decode_tag/1]).
-
--include("asn1_records.hrl").
-
-%% the encoding of class of tag bits 8 and 7
--define(UNIVERSAL,   0).
-
-%%% primitive or constructed encoding % bit 6
--define(PRIMITIVE,   0).
--define(CONSTRUCTED, 2#00100000).
-
-%%% The tag-number for universal types
--define(N_REAL, 9).
-
-encode_tag_val({Class, Form, TagNo}) when (TagNo =< 30) ->
-    <<(Class bsr 6):2,(Form bsr 5):1,TagNo:5>>;
-
-encode_tag_val({Class, Form, TagNo}) ->
-    {Octets,_Len} = mk_object_val(TagNo),
-    BinOct = list_to_binary(Octets),
-    <<(Class bsr 6):2, (Form bsr 5):1, 31:5,BinOct/binary>>.
-
-%%===============================================================================
-%% Decode a tag
-%%
-%% decode_tag(OctetListBuffer) -> {{Class, Form, TagNo}, RestOfBuffer, RemovedBytes}
-%%===============================================================================
-
-%% multiple octet tag
-decode_tag(<<Class:2, Form:1, 31:5, Buffer/binary>>) ->
-    {TagNo, Buffer1, RemovedBytes} = decode_tag(Buffer, 0, 1),
-    {{(Class bsl 6), (Form bsl 5), TagNo}, Buffer1, RemovedBytes};
-
-%% single tag (< 31 tags)
-decode_tag(<<Class:2,Form:1,TagNo:5, Buffer/binary>>) ->
-    {{(Class bsl 6), (Form bsl 5), TagNo}, Buffer, 1}.
-
-%% last partial tag
-decode_tag(<<0:1,PartialTag:7, Buffer/binary>>, TagAck, RemovedBytes) ->
-    TagNo = (TagAck bsl 7) bor PartialTag,
-    %%<<TagNo>> = <<TagAck:1, PartialTag:7>>,
-    {TagNo, Buffer, RemovedBytes+1};
-% more tags
-decode_tag(<<_:1,PartialTag:7, Buffer/binary>>, TagAck, RemovedBytes) ->
-    TagAck1 = (TagAck bsl 7) bor PartialTag,
-    %%<<TagAck1:16>> = <<TagAck:1, PartialTag:7,0:8>>,
-    decode_tag(Buffer, TagAck1, RemovedBytes+1).
-
-%%------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% check_tags_i is the same as check_tags except that it stops and
-%% returns the remaining tags not checked when it encounters an
-%% indefinite length field
-%% only called internally within this module
-
-check_tags_i([Tag], Buffer, OptOrMand) -> % optimized very usual case
-    {[],check_one_tag(Tag, Buffer, OptOrMand)};
-check_tags_i(Tags, Buffer, OptOrMand) ->
-    check_tags_i(Tags, Buffer, 0, OptOrMand).
-
-check_tags_i([Tag1,Tag2|TagRest], Buffer, Rb, OptOrMand)
-  when Tag1#tag.type == 'IMPLICIT' ->
-    check_tags_i([Tag1#tag{type=Tag2#tag.type}|TagRest], Buffer, Rb, OptOrMand);
-
-check_tags_i([Tag1|TagRest], Buffer, Rb, OptOrMand) ->
-    {Form_Length,Buffer2,Rb1} = check_one_tag(Tag1, Buffer, OptOrMand),
-    case TagRest of
-	[] -> {TagRest, {Form_Length, Buffer2, Rb + Rb1}};
-	_ ->
-	    case Form_Length of
-		{?CONSTRUCTED,_} ->
-		    {TagRest, {Form_Length, Buffer2, Rb + Rb1}};
-		_ ->
-		    check_tags_i(TagRest, Buffer2, Rb + Rb1, mandatory)
-	    end
-    end.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% This function is called from generated code
-
-check_one_tag(Tag=#tag{class=ExpectedClass,number=ExpectedNumber}, Buffer, OptOrMand) ->
-    case catch decode_tag(Buffer) of
-	{'EXIT',_Reason} ->
-	    tag_error(no_data,Tag,Buffer,OptOrMand);
-	{{ExpectedClass,Form,ExpectedNumber},Buffer2,Rb} ->
-	    {{L,Buffer3},RemBytes2} = decode_length(Buffer2),
-	    {{Form,L}, Buffer3, RemBytes2+Rb};
-	{ErrorTag,_,_} ->
-	    tag_error(ErrorTag, Tag, Buffer, OptOrMand)
-    end.
-
-tag_error(ErrorTag, Tag, Buffer, OptOrMand) ->
-    case OptOrMand of
-	mandatory ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1, {invalid_tag,
-				{ErrorTag, Tag, Buffer}}}});
-	_ ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1, {no_optional_tag,
-				{ErrorTag, Tag, Buffer}}}})
-    end.
-%%=======================================================================
-%%
-%% Encode all tags in the list Tags and return a possibly deep list of
-%% bytes with tag and length encoded
-%%
-%% prepend_tags(Tags, BytesSoFar, LenSoFar) -> {Bytes, Len}
-encode_tags(Tags, BytesSoFar, LenSoFar) ->
-    NewTags = encode_tags1(Tags, []),
-    %% NewTags contains the resulting tags in reverse order
-    encode_tags2(NewTags, BytesSoFar, LenSoFar).
-
-%encode_tags2([#tag{class=?UNIVERSAL,number=No}|Trest], BytesSoFar, LenSoFar) ->
-%    {Bytes2,L2} = encode_length(LenSoFar),
-%    encode_tags2(Trest,[[No|Bytes2],BytesSoFar], LenSoFar + 1 + L2);
-encode_tags2([Tag|Trest], BytesSoFar, LenSoFar) ->
-    {Bytes1,L1} = encode_one_tag(Tag),
-    {Bytes2,L2} = encode_length(LenSoFar),
-    encode_tags2(Trest, [Bytes1,Bytes2|BytesSoFar],
-		 LenSoFar + L1 + L2);
-encode_tags2([], BytesSoFar, LenSoFar) ->
-    {BytesSoFar,LenSoFar}.
-
-encode_tags1([Tag1, Tag2| Trest], Acc) when Tag1#tag.type =:= 'IMPLICIT' ->
-    encode_tags1([Tag1#tag{type=Tag2#tag.type,form=Tag2#tag.form}|Trest],Acc);
-encode_tags1([Tag1 | Trest], Acc) ->
-    encode_tags1(Trest, [Tag1|Acc]);
-encode_tags1([], Acc) ->
-    Acc. % the resulting tags are returned in reverse order
-
-encode_one_tag(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
-    {Bin,byte_size(Bin)};
-encode_one_tag(#tag{class=Class,number=No,type=Type, form = Form}) ->
-    NewForm = case Type of
-	       'EXPLICIT' ->
-		   ?CONSTRUCTED;
-	       _ ->
-		   Form
-	   end,
-    Bytes = encode_tag_val({Class,NewForm,No}),
-    {Bytes,size(Bytes)}.
-
-%%============================================================================
-%%
-%% Real value, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.5
-%%============================================================================
-%%
-%% encode real value
-%%============================================================================
-
-%% only base 2 internally so far!!
-encode_real(_C,0, DoTag) ->
-    dotag(DoTag, ?N_REAL, {[],0});
-encode_real(_C,'PLUS-INFINITY', DoTag) ->
-    dotag(DoTag, ?N_REAL, {[64],1});
-encode_real(_C,'MINUS-INFINITY', DoTag) ->
-    dotag(DoTag, ?N_REAL, {[65],1});
-encode_real(C,Val, DoTag) when is_tuple(Val); is_list(Val) ->
-    dotag(DoTag, ?N_REAL, encode_real(C,Val)).
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% only base 2 encoding!
-%% binary encoding:
-%% +------------+ +------------+  +-+-+-+-+---+---+
-%% | (tag)9     | |  n + p + 1 |  |1|S|BB |FF |EE |
-%% +------------+ +------------+  +-+-+-+-+---+---+
-%%
-%%	 +------------+	   +------------+
-%%	 |            |	   |            |
-%%	 +------------+	...+------------+
-%%	     n octets for exponent
-%%
-%%	 +------------+	   +------------+
-%%	 |            |	   |            |
-%%	 +------------+	...+------------+
-%%	     p octets for pos mantissa
-%%
-%% S is 0 for positive sign
-%%      1 for negative sign
-%% BB: encoding base, 00 = 2, (01 = 8, 10 = 16)
-%%                             01 and 10 not used
-%% FF: scale factor 00 = 0 (used in base 2 encoding)
-%% EE: encoding of the exponent:
-%%     00 - on the following octet
-%%     01 - on the 2 following octets
-%%     10 - on the 3 following octets
-%%     11 - encoding of the length of the two's-complement encoding of
-%%          exponent on the following octet, and two's-complement 
-%%          encoding of exponent on the other octets.
-%%
-%% In DER and base 2 encoding the mantissa is encoded as value 0 or
-%% bit shifted until it is an odd number. Thus, do this for BER as
-%% well.
-%% This interface also used by RT_COMMON
-encode_real(_C,{Mantissa, Base, Exponent}) when Base =:= 2 ->
-%%    io:format("Mantissa: ~w Base: ~w, Exp: ~w~n",[Man, Base, Exp]),
-    {Man,ExpAdd} = truncate_zeros(Mantissa), %% DER adjustment
-    Exp = Exponent + ExpAdd,
-    OctExp = if Exp >= 0 -> list_to_binary(encode_integer_pos(Exp, []));
-		true     -> list_to_binary(encode_integer_neg(Exp, []))
-	     end,
-%%    ok = io:format("OctExp: ~w~n",[OctExp]),
-    SignBit = if  Man > 0 -> 0;  % bit 7 is pos or neg, no Zeroval
-		  true -> 1
-	      end,
-%%    ok = io:format("SignBitMask: ~w~n",[SignBitMask]),
-    SFactor = 0,
-    OctExpLen = size(OctExp),
-    if OctExpLen > 255 ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1, {to_big_exp_in_encode_real, OctExpLen}}});
-       true  -> true %% make real assert later..
-    end,
-    {LenCode, EOctets} = case OctExpLen of   % bit 2,1
-			     1 -> {0, OctExp};
-			     2 -> {1, OctExp};
-			     3 -> {2, OctExp};
-			     _ -> {3, <<OctExpLen, OctExp/binary>>}
-			 end,
-    BB = 0, %% 00 for base 2
-    FirstOctet = <<1:1,SignBit:1,BB:2,SFactor:2,LenCode:2>>,
-    OctMantissa = if Man > 0 -> list_to_binary(minimum_octets(Man));
-		     true    -> list_to_binary(minimum_octets(-(Man))) % signbit keeps track of sign
-		  end,
-    %%    ok = io:format("LenMask: ~w EOctets: ~w~nFirstOctet: ~w OctMantissa: ~w OctExpLen: ~w~n", [LenMask, EOctets, FirstOctet, OctMantissa, OctExpLen]),
-    Bin = <<FirstOctet/binary, EOctets/binary, OctMantissa/binary>>,
-    {Bin, size(Bin)};
-encode_real(C,{Mantissa,Base,Exponent}) 
-  when Base =:= 10, is_integer(Mantissa), is_integer(Exponent) ->
-    %% always encode as NR3 due to DER on the format
-    %% mmmm.Eseeee where
-    %% m := digit
-    %% s := '-' | '+' | []
-    %% '+' only allowed in +0
-    %% e := digit
-    %% ex: 1234.E-5679
-%%    {Man,AddExp} = truncate_zeros(Mantissa,0),
-%%    ManNum = trunc(Mantissa),
-%%    {TruncatedMan,NumZeros} = truncate_zeros10(Mantissa),
-    ManStr = integer_to_list(Mantissa),
-    
-    encode_real_as_string(C,ManStr,Exponent);
-encode_real(_C,{_,Base,_}) ->
-    exit({error,{asn1, {encode_real_non_supported_encodeing, Base}}});
-%% base 10
-encode_real(C,Real) when is_list(Real) ->
-    %% The Real string may come in as a NR1, NR2 or NR3 string.
-    {Mantissa, Exponent} =
-	case string:tokens(Real,"Ee") of
-	    [NR2] ->
-		{NR2,0};
-	    [NR3MB,NR3E] ->
-		%% remove beginning zeros
-		{NR3MB,list_to_integer(NR3E)}
-	end,
-    
-    %% .Decimal | Number | Number.Decimal
-    ZeroDecimal =
-	fun("0") -> "";
-	   (L) -> L
-	end,
-    {NewMantissa,LenDecimal} =
-	case Mantissa of
-	    [$.|Dec] ->
-		NewMan = remove_trailing_zeros(Dec),
-		{NewMan,length(ZeroDecimal(NewMan))};
-	    _ ->
-		case string:tokens(Mantissa,",.") of
-		    [Num] -> %% No decimal-mark
-			{integer_to_list(list_to_integer(Num)),0};
-		    [Num,Dec] ->
-			NewDec = ZeroDecimal(remove_trailing_zeros(Dec)),
-			NewMan = integer_to_list(list_to_integer(Num)) ++ NewDec,
-			{integer_to_list(list_to_integer(NewMan)),
-			 length(NewDec)}
-		end
-	end,
-    
-%    DER_Exponent = integer_to_list(Exponent - ExpReduce),
-    encode_real_as_string(C,NewMantissa,Exponent - LenDecimal).
-	
-encode_real_as_string(_C,Mantissa,Exponent)
-  when is_list(Mantissa), is_integer(Exponent) ->
-    %% Remove trailing zeros in Mantissa and add this to Exponent
-    TruncMant = remove_trailing_zeros(Mantissa),
-
-    ExpIncr = length(Mantissa) - length(TruncMant),
-
-    ExpStr = integer_to_list(Exponent + ExpIncr),
-
-    ExpBin =
-	case ExpStr of
-	    "0" ->
-		<<"E+0">>;
-	    _ -> 
-		ExpB = list_to_binary(ExpStr),
-		<<$E,ExpB/binary>>
-	end,
-    ManBin = list_to_binary(TruncMant),
-    NR3 = 3,
-    {<<NR3,ManBin/binary,$.,ExpBin/binary>>,2 + size(ManBin) + size(ExpBin)}.
-    
-remove_trailing_zeros(IntStr) ->
-    case lists:dropwhile(fun($0)-> true;
-			    (_) -> false
-			 end, lists:reverse(IntStr)) of
-	[] ->
-	    "0";
-	ReversedIntStr ->
-	    lists:reverse(ReversedIntStr)
-    end.
-
-truncate_zeros(Num) ->
-    truncate_zeros(Num,0).
-truncate_zeros(0,Sum) ->
-    {0,Sum};
-truncate_zeros(M,Sum) ->
-    case M band 16#f =:= M band 16#e of
-	true -> truncate_zeros(M bsr 1,Sum+1);
-	_ -> {M,Sum}
-    end.
-
-	    
-%%============================================================================
-%% decode real value
-%%
-%% decode_real([OctetBufferList], tuple|value, tag|notag) ->
-%%  {{Mantissa, Base, Exp} | realval | PLUS-INFINITY | MINUS-INFINITY | 0,
-%%     RestBuff}
-%%
-%% only for base 2 decoding sofar!!
-%%============================================================================
-
-decode_real(Buffer, C, Tags, OptOrMand) ->
-    NewTags = new_tags(Tags,#tag{class=?UNIVERSAL,number=?N_REAL}),
-    decode_real_notag(Buffer, C, NewTags, OptOrMand).
-
-%% This interface used by RT_COMMON
-decode_real(Buffer,Len) ->
-    decode_real2(Buffer,[],Len,0).
-
-decode_real_notag(Buffer, C, Tags, OptOrMand) ->
-    {_RestTags, {{_,Len}, Buffer0, Rb0}} =
-	check_tags_i(Tags, Buffer, OptOrMand),
-    decode_real2(Buffer0, C, Len, Rb0).
-
-decode_real2(Buffer, _C, 0, _RemBytes) ->
-    {0,Buffer};
-decode_real2(Buffer0, _C, Len, RemBytes1) ->
-    <<First, Buffer2/binary>> = Buffer0,
-    if
-	First =:= 2#01000000 -> {'PLUS-INFINITY', Buffer2};
-	First =:= 2#01000001 -> {'MINUS-INFINITY', Buffer2};
-%%	First =:= 2#00000000 -> {0, Buffer2};
-	First =:= 1 orelse First =:= 2 orelse First =:= 3 ->
-	    %% charcter string encoding of base 10
-	    {NRx,Rest} = split_binary(Buffer2,Len-1),
-	    {binary_to_list(NRx),Rest,Len};
-	true ->
-	    %% have some check here to verify only supported bases (2)
-	    %% not base 8 or 16
-	    <<_B7:1,Sign:1,BB:2,_FF:2,EE:2>> = <<First>>,
-	    Base =
-		case BB of
-		    0 -> 2;  % base 2, only one so far
-		    _ -> exit({error,{asn1, {non_supported_base, BB}}})
-		end,
-	    {FirstLen, {Exp, Buffer3,_Rb2}, RemBytes2} =
-		case EE of
-		    0 -> {2, decode_integer2(1, Buffer2, RemBytes1), RemBytes1+1};
-		    1 -> {3, decode_integer2(2, Buffer2, RemBytes1), RemBytes1+2};
-		    2 -> {4, decode_integer2(3, Buffer2, RemBytes1), RemBytes1+3};
-		    3 ->
-			<<ExpLen1,RestBuffer/binary>> = Buffer2,
-			{ ExpLen1 + 2,
-			  decode_integer2(ExpLen1, RestBuffer, RemBytes1),
-			  RemBytes1+ExpLen1}
-		end,
-	    %%	    io:format("FirstLen: ~w, Exp: ~w, Buffer3: ~w ~n",
-
-	    Length = Len - FirstLen,
-	    <<LongInt:Length/unit:8,RestBuff/binary>> = Buffer3,
-	    {{Mantissa, Buffer4}, RemBytes3} =
-		if Sign =:= 0 ->
-			%%			io:format("sign plus~n"),
-			{{LongInt, RestBuff}, 1 + Length};
-		   true ->
-			%%			io:format("sign minus~n"),
-			{{-LongInt, RestBuff}, 1 + Length}
-		end,
-	    {{Mantissa, Base, Exp}, Buffer4, RemBytes2+RemBytes3}
-    end.
-
-encode_integer_pos(0, L=[B|_Acc]) when B < 128 ->
-    L;
-encode_integer_pos(N, Acc) ->
-    encode_integer_pos((N bsr 8), [N band 16#ff| Acc]).
-
-encode_integer_neg(-1, L=[B1|_T]) when B1 > 127 ->
-    L;
-encode_integer_neg(N, Acc) ->
-    encode_integer_neg(N bsr 8, [N band 16#ff|Acc]).
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% mk_object_val(Value) -> {OctetList, Len}
-%% returns a Val as a list of octets, the 8 bit is allways set to one except
-%% for the last octet, where its 0
-%%
-
-
-mk_object_val(Val) when Val =< 127 ->
-    {[255 band Val], 1};
-mk_object_val(Val) ->
-    mk_object_val(Val bsr 7, [Val band 127], 1).
-mk_object_val(0, Ack, Len) ->
-    {Ack, Len};
-mk_object_val(Val, Ack, Len) ->
-    mk_object_val(Val bsr 7, [((Val band 127) bor 128) | Ack], Len + 1).
-
-
-%%============================================================================
-%% Length handling
-%%
-%% Encode length
-%%
-%% encode_length(Int | indefinite) ->
-%%          [<127]| [128 + Int (<127),OctetList] | [16#80]
-%%============================================================================
-
-encode_length(L) when L =< 16#7F ->
-    {[L],1};
-encode_length(L) ->
-    Oct = minimum_octets(L),
-    Len = length(Oct),
-    if
-	Len =< 126 ->
-	    {[ (16#80+Len) | Oct ],Len+1};
-	true ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1, to_long_length_oct, Len}})
-    end.
-
-
-%% Val must be >= 0
-minimum_octets(Val) ->
-    minimum_octets(Val,[]).
-
-minimum_octets(0,Acc) ->
-    Acc;
-minimum_octets(Val, Acc) ->
-    minimum_octets((Val bsr 8),[Val band 16#FF | Acc]).
-
-
-%%===========================================================================
-%% Decode length
-%%
-%% decode_length(OctetList) -> {{indefinite, RestOctetsL}, NoRemovedBytes} |
-%%                             {{Length, RestOctetsL}, NoRemovedBytes}
-%%===========================================================================
-
-decode_length(<<1:1,0:7,T/binary>>) ->
-    {{indefinite, T}, 1};
-decode_length(<<0:1,Length:7,T/binary>>) ->
-    {{Length,T},1};
-decode_length(<<1:1,LL:7,T/binary>>) ->
-    <<Length:LL/unit:8,Rest/binary>> = T,
-    {{Length,Rest}, LL+1}.
-
-
-dotag([], Tag, {Bytes,Len}) ->
-    dotag_universal(Tag,Bytes,Len);
-dotag(Tags, Tag, {Bytes,Len}) ->
-    encode_tags(Tags ++ [#tag{class=?UNIVERSAL,number=Tag,form=?PRIMITIVE}],
-		Bytes, Len).
-
-dotag_universal(UniversalTag,Bytes,Len) when Len =< 16#7F->
-    {[UniversalTag,Len,Bytes],2+Len};
-dotag_universal(UniversalTag,Bytes,Len) ->
-    {EncLen,LenLen}=encode_length(Len),
-    {[UniversalTag,EncLen,Bytes],1+LenLen+Len}.
-
-%% decoding postitive integer values.
-decode_integer2(Len,Bin = <<0:1,_:7,_Bs/binary>>,RemovedBytes) ->
-    <<Int:Len/unit:8,Buffer2/binary>> = Bin,
-    {Int,Buffer2,RemovedBytes};
-%% decoding negative integer values.
-decode_integer2(Len,<<1:1,B2:7,Bs/binary>>,RemovedBytes)  ->
-    <<N:Len/unit:8,Buffer2/binary>> = <<B2,Bs/binary>>,
-    Int = N - (1 bsl (8 * Len - 1)),
-    {Int,Buffer2,RemovedBytes}.
-
-new_tags([],LastTag) ->
-    [LastTag];
-new_tags(Tags = [#tag{type='IMPLICIT'}],_LastTag) ->
-    Tags;
-new_tags([T1 = #tag{type='IMPLICIT'},#tag{type=T2Type}|Rest],LastTag) ->
-    new_tags([T1#tag{type=T2Type}|Rest],LastTag);
-new_tags(Tags,LastTag) ->
-    case lists:last(Tags) of
-	#tag{type='IMPLICIT'} ->
-	    Tags;
-	_ ->
-	    Tags ++ [LastTag]
-    end.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_ber_bin_v2.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_ber_bin_v2.erl
deleted file mode 100644
index 92ca11cf89..0000000000
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_ber_bin_v2.erl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1992 +0,0 @@
-%%
-%% %CopyrightBegin%
-%% 
-%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2002-2012. All Rights Reserved.
-%% 
-%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
-%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
-%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
-%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
-%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
-%% 
-%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
-%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
-%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
-%% under the License.
-%% 
-%% %CopyrightEnd%
-%%
-%%
--module(asn1rt_ber_bin_v2).
- 
-%% encoding / decoding of BER  
-
--export([decode/1, decode/2, match_tags/2, encode/1, encode/2]). 
--export([fixoptionals/2,
-	 encode_tag_val/1,
-	 encode_tags/3,
-	 skip_ExtensionAdditions/2]).
--export([encode_boolean/2,decode_boolean/2,
-	 encode_integer/3,encode_integer/4,
-	 decode_integer/3, decode_integer/4,
-	 encode_enumerated/2,
-	 encode_enumerated/4,decode_enumerated/4,
-	 encode_real/3,decode_real/2,
-	 encode_bit_string/4,decode_bit_string/4,
-	 decode_compact_bit_string/4,
-	 encode_octet_string/3,decode_octet_string/3,
-	 encode_null/2,decode_null/2,
-	 encode_relative_oid/2,decode_relative_oid/2,
-	 encode_object_identifier/2,decode_object_identifier/2,
-	 encode_restricted_string/4,decode_restricted_string/4,
-	 encode_universal_string/3,decode_universal_string/3,
-	 encode_UTF8_string/3,decode_UTF8_string/2,
-	 encode_BMP_string/3,decode_BMP_string/3,
-	 encode_generalized_time/3,decode_generalized_time/3,
-	 encode_utc_time/3,decode_utc_time/3,
-	 encode_length/1,decode_length/1,
-	 decode_tag_and_length/1]).
-
--export([encode_open_type/1,encode_open_type/2, 
-	 decode_open_type/2,decode_open_type/3,
-	 decode_open_type_as_binary/2,
-	 decode_open_type_as_binary/3]).
-
--export([decode_primitive_incomplete/2,decode_selective/2]).
- 
-% the encoding of class of tag bits 8 and 7 
--define(UNIVERSAL,   0). 
--define(APPLICATION, 16#40). 
--define(CONTEXT,     16#80). 
--define(PRIVATE,     16#C0). 
- 
-%%% primitive or constructed encoding % bit 6 
--define(PRIMITIVE,   0). 
--define(CONSTRUCTED, 2#00100000). 
-
-%%% The tag-number for universal types
--define(N_BOOLEAN, 1). 
--define(N_INTEGER, 2). 
--define(N_BIT_STRING, 3).
--define(N_OCTET_STRING, 4).
--define(N_NULL, 5). 
--define(N_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER, 6). 
--define(N_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR, 7). 
--define(N_EXTERNAL, 8). 
--define(N_REAL, 9). 
--define(N_ENUMERATED, 10). 
--define(N_EMBEDDED_PDV, 11). 
--define(N_SEQUENCE, 16). 
--define(N_SET, 17). 
--define(N_NumericString, 18).
--define(N_PrintableString, 19).
--define(N_TeletexString, 20).
--define(N_VideotexString, 21).
--define(N_IA5String, 22).
--define(N_UTCTime, 23). 
--define(N_GeneralizedTime, 24). 
--define(N_GraphicString, 25).
--define(N_VisibleString, 26).
--define(N_GeneralString, 27).
--define(N_UniversalString, 28).
--define(N_BMPString, 30).
-
- 
-% the complete tag-word of built-in types 
--define(T_BOOLEAN,          ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 1). 
--define(T_INTEGER,          ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 2). 
--define(T_BIT_STRING,       ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 3). % can be CONSTRUCTED 
--define(T_OCTET_STRING,     ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 4). % can be CONSTRUCTED 
--define(T_NULL,             ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 5). 
--define(T_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 6). 
--define(T_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR,?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 7). 
--define(T_EXTERNAL,         ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 8). 
--define(T_REAL,             ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 9). 
--define(T_ENUMERATED,       ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 10). 
--define(T_EMBEDDED_PDV,     ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 11). 
--define(T_SEQUENCE,         ?UNIVERSAL bor ?CONSTRUCTED bor 16). 
--define(T_SET,              ?UNIVERSAL bor ?CONSTRUCTED bor 17). 
--define(T_NumericString,    ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 18). %can be constructed 
--define(T_PrintableString,  ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 19). %can be constructed 
--define(T_TeletexString,    ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 20). %can be constructed 
--define(T_VideotexString,   ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 21). %can be constructed 
--define(T_IA5String,        ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 22). %can be constructed 
--define(T_UTCTime,          ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 23). 
--define(T_GeneralizedTime,  ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 24). 
--define(T_GraphicString,    ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 25). %can be constructed 
--define(T_VisibleString,    ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 26). %can be constructed 
--define(T_GeneralString,    ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 27). %can be constructed 
--define(T_UniversalString,  ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 28). %can be constructed 
--define(T_BMPString,        ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 30). %can be constructed 
- 
-% encode(Tlv={_Tag={?PRIMITIVE,_},_VList}) ->
-%     encode_primitive(Tlv);
-% encode(Tlv) ->
-%     encode_constructed(Tlv).
-
-encode(Tlv) ->
-    encode(Tlv,erlang).
-
-encode(Tlv,_) when is_binary(Tlv) ->
-    Tlv;
-encode([Tlv],Method) ->
-    encode(Tlv,Method);
-encode(Tlv, nif) ->
-    asn1rt_nif:encode_ber_tlv(Tlv);
-encode(Tlv, _) ->
-    encode_erl(Tlv).
-
-encode_erl({TlvTag,TlvVal}) when is_list(TlvVal) ->
-    %% constructed form of value
-    encode_tlv(TlvTag,TlvVal,?CONSTRUCTED);
-encode_erl({TlvTag,TlvVal}) ->
-    encode_tlv(TlvTag,TlvVal,?PRIMITIVE).
-
-encode_tlv(TlvTag,TlvVal,Form) ->
-    Tag = encode_tlv_tag(TlvTag,Form),
-    {Val,VLen} = encode_tlv_val(TlvVal),
-    {Len,_LLen} = encode_length(VLen),
-    BinLen = list_to_binary(Len),
-    <<Tag/binary,BinLen/binary,Val/binary>>.
-
-encode_tlv_tag(ClassTagNo,Form) ->
-    Class = ClassTagNo bsr 16,
-    encode_tag_val({Class bsl 6,Form,(ClassTagNo - (Class bsl 16))}).
-
-encode_tlv_val(TlvL) when is_list(TlvL) ->
-    encode_tlv_list(TlvL,[]);
-encode_tlv_val(Bin) ->
-    {Bin,size(Bin)}.
-
-encode_tlv_list([Tlv|Tlvs],Acc) ->
-    EncTlv = encode_erl(Tlv),
-    encode_tlv_list(Tlvs,[EncTlv|Acc]);
-encode_tlv_list([],Acc) ->
-    Bin=list_to_binary(lists:reverse(Acc)),
-    {Bin,size(Bin)}.
-
-decode(B) ->
-    decode(B, erlang).
-
-%% asn1-1.7
-decode(B, nif) ->
-    case asn1rt_nif:decode_ber_tlv(B) of
-	{error, Reason} -> handle_error(Reason, B);
-	Else -> Else
-    end;
-decode(B,erlang) when is_binary(B) ->
-    decode_primitive(B);
-decode(Tlv,erlang) ->
-    {Tlv,<<>>}.
-
-handle_error([],_)->
-    exit({error,{asn1,{"memory allocation problem"}}});
-handle_error({$1,_},L) -> % error in nif
-    exit({error,{asn1,L}});
-handle_error({$2,T},L) -> % error in nif due to wrong tag
-    exit({error,{asn1,{"bad tag after byte:",error_pos(T),L}}});
-handle_error({$3,T},L) -> % error in driver due to length error
-    exit({error,{asn1,{"bad length field after byte:",
-			     error_pos(T),L}}});
-handle_error({$4,T},L) -> % error in driver due to indefinite length error
-    exit({error,{asn1,
-		 {"indefinite length without end bytes after byte:",
-		  error_pos(T),L}}});
-handle_error({$5,T},L) -> % error in driver due to indefinite length error
-    exit({error,{asn1,{"bad encoded value after byte:",
-			     error_pos(T),L}}});
-handle_error(ErrL,L) ->
-    exit({error,{asn1,ErrL,L}}).
-
-error_pos([]) ->
-    "unknown position";
-error_pos([B])->
-    B;
-error_pos([B|Bs]) ->
-    BS = 8 * length(Bs),
-    B bsl BS + error_pos(Bs).
-
-decode_primitive(Bin) ->
-    {Form,TagNo,V,Rest} = decode_tag_and_length(Bin),
-    case Form of 
-	1 -> % constructed
-	    {{TagNo,decode_constructed(V)},Rest};
-	0 -> % primitive
-	    {{TagNo,V},Rest};
-	2 -> % constructed indefinite
-	    {Vlist,Rest2} = decode_constructed_indefinite(V,[]),
-	    {{TagNo,Vlist},Rest2}
-    end.
-
-decode_constructed(Bin) when byte_size(Bin) =:= 0 ->
-    [];
-decode_constructed(Bin) ->
-    {Tlv,Rest} = decode_primitive(Bin),
-    [Tlv|decode_constructed(Rest)].
-
-decode_constructed_indefinite(<<0,0,Rest/binary>>,Acc) ->
-    {lists:reverse(Acc),Rest};
-decode_constructed_indefinite(Bin,Acc) ->
-    {Tlv,Rest} = decode_primitive(Bin),
-    decode_constructed_indefinite(Rest, [Tlv|Acc]). 
-    
-%% decode_primitive_incomplete/2 decodes an encoded message incomplete
-%% by help of the pattern attribute (first argument).
-decode_primitive_incomplete([[default,TagNo]],Bin) -> %default
-    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
-	{Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
-	    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,[],Rest);
-	_ ->
-	    %{asn1_DEFAULT,Bin}
-	    asn1_NOVALUE
-    end;
-decode_primitive_incomplete([[default,TagNo,Directives]],Bin) -> %default, constructed type, Directives points into this type
-    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
-	{Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->	    
-	    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,Directives,Rest);
-	_ ->
-	    %{asn1_DEFAULT,Bin}
-	    asn1_NOVALUE
-    end;
-decode_primitive_incomplete([[opt,TagNo]],Bin) -> %optional
-    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
-	{Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
-	    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,[],Rest);
-	_ ->
-	    %{{TagNo,asn1_NOVALUE},Bin}
-	    asn1_NOVALUE
-    end;
-decode_primitive_incomplete([[opt,TagNo,Directives]],Bin) -> %optional
-    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
-	{Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
-	    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,Directives,Rest);
-	_ ->
-	    %{{TagNo,asn1_NOVALUE},Bin}
-	    asn1_NOVALUE
-    end;
-%% An optional that shall be undecoded
-decode_primitive_incomplete([[opt_undec,Tag]],Bin) ->
-    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
-	{_,Tag,_,_} ->
-	    decode_incomplete_bin(Bin);
-	_ ->
-	    asn1_NOVALUE
-    end;
-%% A choice alternative that shall be undecoded
-decode_primitive_incomplete([[alt_undec,TagNo]|RestAlts],Bin) ->
-%    decode_incomplete_bin(Bin);
-%    case decode_tlv(Bin) of
-    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
-%	{{_Form,TagNo,_Len,_V},_R} ->
-	{_,TagNo,_,_} ->
-	    decode_incomplete_bin(Bin);
-	_ ->
-	    decode_primitive_incomplete(RestAlts,Bin)
-    end;
-decode_primitive_incomplete([[alt,TagNo]|RestAlts],Bin) ->
-    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
-	{_Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
-	    {{TagNo,V},Rest};
-	_ ->
-	    decode_primitive_incomplete(RestAlts,Bin)
-    end;
-decode_primitive_incomplete([[alt,TagNo,Directives]|RestAlts],Bin) ->
-    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
-	{Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
-	    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,Directives,Rest);
-	_ ->
-	    decode_primitive_incomplete(RestAlts,Bin)
-    end;
-decode_primitive_incomplete([[alt_parts,TagNo]],Bin) ->
-    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
-	{_Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
-	    {{TagNo,V},Rest};
-	_ ->
-	    asn1_NOVALUE
-    end;
-decode_primitive_incomplete([[alt_parts,TagNo]|RestAlts],Bin) ->
-    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
-	{_Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
-	    {{TagNo,decode_parts_incomplete(V)},Rest};
-	_ ->
-	    decode_primitive_incomplete(RestAlts,Bin)
-    end;
-decode_primitive_incomplete([[undec,_TagNo]|_RestTag],Bin) -> %incomlete decode
-    decode_incomplete_bin(Bin); 
-decode_primitive_incomplete([[parts,TagNo]|_RestTag],Bin) ->
-    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
-	{_Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
-	    {{TagNo,decode_parts_incomplete(V)},Rest};
-	Err ->
-	    {error,{asn1,"tag failure",TagNo,Err}}
-    end;
-decode_primitive_incomplete([mandatory|RestTag],Bin) ->
-    {Form,TagNo,V,Rest} = decode_tag_and_length(Bin),
-    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,RestTag,Rest);
-%% A choice that is a toptype or a mandatory component of a
-%% SEQUENCE or SET.
-decode_primitive_incomplete([[mandatory|Directives]],Bin) ->
-    {Form,TagNo,V,Rest} = decode_tag_and_length(Bin),
-    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,Directives,Rest);
-decode_primitive_incomplete([],Bin) ->
-    decode_primitive(Bin).
-
-%% decode_parts_incomplete/1 receives a number of values encoded in
-%% sequence and returns the parts as unencoded binaries
-decode_parts_incomplete(<<>>) ->
-    [];
-decode_parts_incomplete(Bin) ->
-    {ok,Rest} = skip_tag(Bin),
-    {ok,Rest2} = skip_length_and_value(Rest),
-    LenPart = size(Bin) - size(Rest2),
-    <<Part:LenPart/binary,RestBin/binary>> = Bin,
-    [Part|decode_parts_incomplete(RestBin)].
-	    
-    
-%% decode_incomplete2 checks if V is a value of a constructed or
-%% primitive type, and continues the decode propeerly.
-decode_incomplete2(_Form=2,TagNo,V,TagMatch,_) ->
-    %% constructed indefinite length
-    {Vlist,Rest2} = decode_constr_indef_incomplete(TagMatch,V,[]),
-    {{TagNo,Vlist},Rest2};
-decode_incomplete2(1,TagNo,V,[TagMatch],Rest) when is_list(TagMatch) ->
-    {{TagNo,decode_constructed_incomplete(TagMatch,V)},Rest};
-decode_incomplete2(1,TagNo,V,TagMatch,Rest) ->
-    {{TagNo,decode_constructed_incomplete(TagMatch,V)},Rest};
-decode_incomplete2(0,TagNo,V,_TagMatch,Rest) ->
-    {{TagNo,V},Rest}.
-
-decode_constructed_incomplete([Tags=[Ts]],Bin) when is_list(Ts) ->
-    decode_constructed_incomplete(Tags,Bin);
-decode_constructed_incomplete(_TagMatch,<<>>) ->
-    [];
-decode_constructed_incomplete([mandatory|RestTag],Bin) ->
-    {Tlv,Rest} = decode_primitive(Bin),
-    [Tlv|decode_constructed_incomplete(RestTag,Rest)];
-decode_constructed_incomplete(Directives=[[Alt,_]|_],Bin) 
-  when Alt == alt_undec; Alt == alt; Alt == alt_parts ->
-    {_Form,TagNo,V,Rest} = decode_tag_and_length(Bin),
-    case incomplete_choice_alt(TagNo,Directives) of
-	{alt_undec,_} ->
-	    LenA = size(Bin)-size(Rest),
-	    <<A:LenA/binary,Rest/binary>> = Bin,
-	    A;
-	{alt,InnerDirectives} ->
-	    {Tlv,Rest} = decode_primitive_incomplete(InnerDirectives,V),
-	    {TagNo,Tlv};
-	{alt_parts,_} ->
-	    [{TagNo,decode_parts_incomplete(V)}];
-	no_match -> %% if a choice alternative was encoded that
-	    %% was not specified in the config file,
-	    %% thus decode component anonomous.
-	    {Tlv,_}=decode_primitive(Bin),
-	    Tlv
-    end;
-decode_constructed_incomplete([TagNo|RestTag],Bin) ->
-%%    {Tlv,Rest} = decode_primitive_incomplete([TagNo],Bin),
-    case decode_primitive_incomplete([TagNo],Bin) of
-	{Tlv,Rest} ->
-	    [Tlv|decode_constructed_incomplete(RestTag,Rest)];
-	asn1_NOVALUE ->
-	    decode_constructed_incomplete(RestTag,Bin)
-    end;
-decode_constructed_incomplete([],Bin) ->
-    {Tlv,Rest}=decode_primitive(Bin),
-    [Tlv|decode_constructed_incomplete([],Rest)].
-
-decode_constr_indef_incomplete(_TagMatch,<<0,0,Rest/binary>>,Acc) ->
-    {lists:reverse(Acc),Rest};
-decode_constr_indef_incomplete([Tag|RestTags],Bin,Acc) ->
-%    {Tlv,Rest} = decode_primitive_incomplete([Tag],Bin),
-    case decode_primitive_incomplete([Tag],Bin) of
-	{Tlv,Rest} ->
-	    decode_constr_indef_incomplete(RestTags,Rest,[Tlv|Acc]);
-	asn1_NOVALUE ->
-	    decode_constr_indef_incomplete(RestTags,Bin,Acc)
-    end.
-
-
-decode_incomplete_bin(Bin) ->
-    {ok,Rest} = skip_tag(Bin),
-    {ok,Rest2} = skip_length_and_value(Rest),
-    IncLen = size(Bin) - size(Rest2),
-    <<IncBin:IncLen/binary,Ret/binary>> = Bin,
-    {IncBin,Ret}.
-	    
-incomplete_choice_alt(TagNo,[[Alt,TagNo]|Directives]) ->
-    {Alt,Directives};
-incomplete_choice_alt(TagNo,[D]) when is_list(D) ->
-    incomplete_choice_alt(TagNo,D);
-incomplete_choice_alt(TagNo,[_H|Directives]) ->
-    incomplete_choice_alt(TagNo,Directives);
-incomplete_choice_alt(_,[]) ->
-    no_match.
-
-
-
-
-%% decode_selective(Pattern, Binary) the first argument is a pattern that tells
-%% what to do with the next element the second is the BER encoded
-%% message as a binary
-%% Returns {ok,Value} or {error,Reason}
-%% Value is a binary that in turn must be decoded to get the decoded
-%% value.
-decode_selective([],Binary) ->
-    {ok,Binary};
-decode_selective([skip|RestPattern],Binary)->
-    {ok,RestBinary}=skip_tag(Binary),
-    {ok,RestBinary2}=skip_length_and_value(RestBinary),
-    decode_selective(RestPattern,RestBinary2);
-decode_selective([[skip_optional,Tag]|RestPattern],Binary) ->
-    case skip_optional_tag(Tag,Binary) of
-	{ok,RestBinary} ->
-	    {ok,RestBinary2}=skip_length_and_value(RestBinary),
-	    decode_selective(RestPattern,RestBinary2);
-	missing ->
-	    decode_selective(RestPattern,Binary)
-    end;
-decode_selective([[choosen,Tag]],Binary) ->
-    return_value(Tag,Binary);
-%     case skip_optional_tag(Tag,Binary) of %may be optional/default
-% 	{ok,RestBinary} ->
-% 	    {ok,Value} = get_value(RestBinary);
-% 	missing ->
-% 	    {ok,<<>>}
-%     end;
-decode_selective([[choosen,Tag]|RestPattern],Binary) ->
-    case skip_optional_tag(Tag,Binary) of
-	{ok,RestBinary} ->
-	    {ok,Value} = get_value(RestBinary),
-	    decode_selective(RestPattern,Value);
-	missing ->
-	    {ok,<<>>}
-    end;
-decode_selective(P,_) ->
-    {error,{asn1,{partial_decode,"bad pattern",P}}}.
-
-return_value(Tag,Binary) ->
-    {ok,{Tag,RestBinary}}=get_tag(Binary),
-    {ok,{LenVal,_RestBinary2}} = get_length_and_value(RestBinary),
-    {ok,<<Tag/binary,LenVal/binary>>}.
-
-
-%% skip_tag and skip_length_and_value are rutines used both by
-%% decode_partial_incomplete and decode_selective (decode/2).
-
-skip_tag(<<_:3,31:5,Rest/binary>>)->
-    skip_long_tag(Rest);
-skip_tag(<<_:3,_Tag:5,Rest/binary>>) ->
-    {ok,Rest}.
-
-skip_long_tag(<<1:1,_:7,Rest/binary>>) ->
-    skip_long_tag(Rest);
-skip_long_tag(<<0:1,_:7,Rest/binary>>) ->
-    {ok,Rest}.
-
-skip_optional_tag(<<>>,Binary) ->
-    {ok,Binary};
-skip_optional_tag(<<Tag,RestTag/binary>>,<<Tag,Rest/binary>>) ->
-    skip_optional_tag(RestTag,Rest);
-skip_optional_tag(_,_) ->
-    missing.
-
-
-
-
-skip_length_and_value(Binary) ->
-    case decode_length(Binary) of
-	{indefinite,RestBinary} ->
-	    skip_indefinite_value(RestBinary);
-	{Length,RestBinary} ->
-	    <<_:Length/unit:8,Rest/binary>> = RestBinary,
-	    {ok,Rest}
-    end.
-
-skip_indefinite_value(<<0,0,Rest/binary>>) ->
-    {ok,Rest};
-skip_indefinite_value(Binary) ->
-    {ok,RestBinary}=skip_tag(Binary),
-    {ok,RestBinary2} = skip_length_and_value(RestBinary),
-    skip_indefinite_value(RestBinary2).
-
-get_value(Binary) ->
-    case decode_length(Binary) of
-	{indefinite,RestBinary} ->
-	    get_indefinite_value(RestBinary,[]);
-	{Length,RestBinary} ->
-	    <<Value:Length/binary,_Rest/binary>> = RestBinary,
-	    {ok,Value}
-    end.
-
-get_indefinite_value(<<0,0,_Rest/binary>>,Acc) ->
-    {ok,list_to_binary(lists:reverse(Acc))};
-get_indefinite_value(Binary,Acc) ->
-    {ok,{Tag,RestBinary}}=get_tag(Binary),
-    {ok,{LenVal,RestBinary2}} = get_length_and_value(RestBinary),
-    get_indefinite_value(RestBinary2,[LenVal,Tag|Acc]).
-
-get_tag(<<H:1/binary,Rest/binary>>) ->
-    case H of
-	<<_:3,31:5>> ->
-	    get_long_tag(Rest,[H]);
-	_ -> {ok,{H,Rest}}
-    end.
-get_long_tag(<<H:1/binary,Rest/binary>>,Acc) ->
-    case H of
-	<<0:1,_:7>> ->
-	    {ok,{list_to_binary(lists:reverse([H|Acc])),Rest}};
-	_ ->
-	    get_long_tag(Rest,[H|Acc])
-    end.
-
-get_length_and_value(Bin = <<0:1,Length:7,_T/binary>>) ->
-    <<Len,Val:Length/binary,Rest/binary>> = Bin,
-    {ok,{<<Len,Val/binary>>, Rest}};
-get_length_and_value(Bin = <<1:1,0:7,_T/binary>>) ->
-    get_indefinite_length_and_value(Bin);
-get_length_and_value(<<1:1,LL:7,T/binary>>) ->
-    <<Length:LL/unit:8,Rest/binary>> = T,
-    <<Value:Length/binary,Rest2/binary>> = Rest,
-    {ok,{<<1:1,LL:7,Length:LL/unit:8,Value/binary>>,Rest2}}.
-
-get_indefinite_length_and_value(<<H,T/binary>>) ->
-    get_indefinite_length_and_value(T,[H]).
-
-get_indefinite_length_and_value(<<0,0,Rest/binary>>,Acc) ->
-    {ok,{list_to_binary(lists:reverse(Acc)),Rest}};
-get_indefinite_length_and_value(Binary,Acc) ->
-    {ok,{Tag,RestBinary}}=get_tag(Binary),
-    {ok,{LenVal,RestBinary2}}=get_length_and_value(RestBinary),
-    get_indefinite_length_and_value(RestBinary2,[LenVal,Tag|Acc]).
-    
-
-
-    
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% match_tags takes a Tlv (Tag, Length, Value) structure and matches
-%% it with the tags in TagList. If the tags does not match the function
-%% crashes otherwise it returns the remaining Tlv after that the tags have
-%% been removed.
-%%
-%% match_tags(Tlv, TagList)
-%%
-
-match_tags({T,V},[T]) ->
-    V;
-match_tags({T,V}, [T|Tt]) ->
-    match_tags(V,Tt);
-match_tags([{T,V}],[T|Tt]) ->
-    match_tags(V, Tt);
-match_tags(Vlist = [{T,_V}|_], [T]) ->
-    Vlist;
-match_tags(Tlv, []) ->
-    Tlv;
-match_tags(Tlv = {Tag,_V},[T|_Tt]) ->
-    exit({error,{asn1,{wrong_tag,{{expected,T},{got,Tag,Tlv}}}}}).
- 
-%%%
-%% skips components that do not match a tag in Tags
-skip_ExtensionAdditions([],_Tags) ->
-    [];
-skip_ExtensionAdditions(TLV=[{Tag,_}|Rest],Tags) ->
-    case [X||X=T<-Tags,T==Tag] of
-	[] ->
-	    %% skip this TLV and continue with next
-	    skip_ExtensionAdditions(Rest,Tags);
-	_ ->
-	    TLV
-    end.
-    
-
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%% Optionals, preset not filled optionals with asn1_NOVALUE 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%%=============================================================================== 
- 
-fixoptionals(OptList,Val) when is_list(Val) -> 
-    fixoptionals(OptList,Val,1,[],[]). 
- 
-fixoptionals([{Name,Pos}|Ot],[{Name,Val}|Vt],_Opt,Acc1,Acc2) -> 
-    fixoptionals(Ot,Vt,Pos+1,[1|Acc1],[{Name,Val}|Acc2]); 
-fixoptionals([{_Name,Pos}|Ot],V,Pos,Acc1,Acc2) -> 
-    fixoptionals(Ot,V,Pos+1,[0|Acc1],[asn1_NOVALUE|Acc2]); 
-fixoptionals(O,[Vh|Vt],Pos,Acc1,Acc2) -> 
-    fixoptionals(O,Vt,Pos+1,Acc1,[Vh|Acc2]); 
-fixoptionals([],[Vh|Vt],Pos,Acc1,Acc2) -> 
-    fixoptionals([],Vt,Pos+1,Acc1,[Vh|Acc2]); 
-fixoptionals([],[],_,_Acc1,Acc2) -> 
-    % return Val as a record 
-    list_to_tuple([asn1_RECORDNAME|lists:reverse(Acc2)]).
- 
- 
-%%encode_tag(TagClass(?UNI, APP etc), Form (?PRIM etx), TagInteger) ->  
-%%     8bit Int | binary 
-encode_tag_val({Class, Form, TagNo}) when (TagNo =< 30) -> 
-    <<(Class bsr 6):2,(Form bsr 5):1,TagNo:5>>;
-
-encode_tag_val({Class, Form, TagNo}) -> 
-    {Octets,_Len} = mk_object_val(TagNo),
-    BinOct = list_to_binary(Octets),
-    <<(Class bsr 6):2, (Form bsr 5):1, 31:5,BinOct/binary>>.
- 
-
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%% Decode a tag 
-%% 
-%% decode_tag(OctetListBuffer) -> {{Form, (Class bsl 16)+ TagNo}, RestOfBuffer, RemovedBytes} 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-
-decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, Form:1, TagNo:5, 0:1, Length:7, V:Length/binary, RestBuffer/binary>>) when TagNo < 31 -> 
-    {Form, (Class bsl 16) + TagNo, V, RestBuffer};
-decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, 1:1, TagNo:5, 1:1, 0:7, T/binary>>) when TagNo < 31 ->
-    {2, (Class bsl 16) + TagNo, T, <<>>};
-decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, Form:1, TagNo:5, 1:1, LL:7, Length:LL/unit:8,V:Length/binary, T/binary>>) when TagNo < 31 ->
-    {Form, (Class bsl 16) + TagNo, V, T};
-decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, Form:1, 31:5, 0:1, TagNo:7, 0:1, Length:7, V:Length/binary, RestBuffer/binary>>) -> 
-    {Form, (Class bsl 16) + TagNo, V, RestBuffer};
-decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, 1:1, 31:5, 0:1, TagNo:7, 1:1, 0:7, T/binary>>)  ->
-    {2, (Class bsl 16) + TagNo, T, <<>>};
-decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, Form:1, 31:5, 0:1, TagNo:7, 1:1, LL:7, Length:LL/unit:8, V:Length/binary, T/binary>>)  ->
-    {Form, (Class bsl 16) + TagNo, V, T};
-decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, Form:1, 31:5, 1:1, TagPart1:7, 0:1, TagPartLast, Buffer/binary>>) ->
-    TagNo = (TagPart1 bsl 7) bor TagPartLast,
-    {Length, RestBuffer} = decode_length(Buffer),
-    << V:Length/binary, RestBuffer2/binary>> = RestBuffer,
-    {Form, (Class bsl 16) + TagNo, V, RestBuffer2};
-decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, Form:1, 31:5, Buffer/binary>>) ->
-    {TagNo, Buffer1} = decode_tag(Buffer, 0),
-    {Length, RestBuffer} = decode_length(Buffer1),
-    << V:Length/binary, RestBuffer2/binary>> = RestBuffer,
-    {Form, (Class bsl 16) + TagNo, V, RestBuffer2}.
-
-
-     
-%% last partial tag 
-decode_tag(<<0:1,PartialTag:7, Buffer/binary>>, TagAck) ->
-    TagNo = (TagAck bsl 7) bor PartialTag,
-    %%<<TagNo>> = <<TagAck:1, PartialTag:7>>,
-    {TagNo, Buffer}; 
-% more tags 
-decode_tag(<<_:1,PartialTag:7, Buffer/binary>>, TagAck) -> 
-    TagAck1 = (TagAck bsl 7) bor PartialTag, 
-    %%<<TagAck1:16>> = <<TagAck:1, PartialTag:7,0:8>>,
-    decode_tag(Buffer, TagAck1). 
- 
-
-%%=======================================================================
-%%
-%% Encode all tags in the list Tags and return a possibly deep list of
-%% bytes with tag and length encoded
-%% The taglist must be in reverse order (fixed by the asn1 compiler)
-%% e.g [T1,T2] will result in 
-%% {[EncodedT2,EncodedT1|BytesSoFar],LenSoFar+LenT2+LenT1}
-%% 
-
-encode_tags([Tag|Trest], BytesSoFar, LenSoFar) ->
-% remove    {Bytes1,L1} = encode_one_tag(Tag),
-    {Bytes2,L2} = encode_length(LenSoFar),
-    encode_tags(Trest, [Tag,Bytes2|BytesSoFar], 
-		 LenSoFar + size(Tag) + L2);
-encode_tags([], BytesSoFar, LenSoFar) ->
-    {BytesSoFar,LenSoFar}.
-
-encode_tags(TagIn, {BytesSoFar,LenSoFar}) ->
-    encode_tags(TagIn, BytesSoFar, LenSoFar).
-
-% encode_one_tag(#tag{class=Class,number=No,type=Type, form = Form}) ->			  
-%     NewForm = case Type of
-% 	       'EXPLICIT' ->
-% 		   ?CONSTRUCTED;
-% 	       _ ->
-% 		   Form
-% 	   end,
-%     Bytes = encode_tag_val({Class,NewForm,No}),
-%     {Bytes,size(Bytes)}.
-
- 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%% 
-%% This comment is valid for all the encode/decode functions 
-%% 
-%% C = Constraint -> typically {'ValueRange',LowerBound,UpperBound} 
-%%     used for PER-coding but not for BER-coding. 
-%% 
-%% Val = Value.  If Val is an atom then it is a symbolic integer value  
-%%       (i.e the atom must be one of the names in the NamedNumberList). 
-%%       The NamedNumberList is used to translate the atom to an integer value 
-%%       before encoding. 
-%% 
-%%=============================================================================== 
- 
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% encode_open_type(Value) -> io_list (i.e nested list with integers, binaries)
-%% Value = list of bytes of an already encoded value (the list must be flat)
-%%         | binary
-
-%%
-encode_open_type(Val) when is_list(Val) -> 
-%    {Val,length(Val)};
-    encode_open_type(list_to_binary(Val));
-encode_open_type(Val) ->
-    {Val, size(Val)}. 
-
-%% 
-encode_open_type(Val, T) when is_list(Val) -> 
-    encode_open_type(list_to_binary(Val),T);
-encode_open_type(Val,[]) ->
-    {Val, size(Val)};
-encode_open_type(Val,Tag) ->
-    encode_tags(Tag,Val, size(Val)). 
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% decode_open_type(Tlv, TagIn) -> Value
-%% Tlv = {Tag,V} | V where V -> binary()
-%% TagIn = [TagVal] where TagVal -> int()
-%% Value = binary with decoded data (which must be decoded again as some type)
-%%
-decode_open_type(Tlv, TagIn) ->
-    decode_open_type(Tlv, TagIn, erlang).
-decode_open_type(Tlv, TagIn, Method) ->
-    case match_tags(Tlv,TagIn) of
-	Bin when is_binary(Bin) ->
-	    {InnerTlv,_} = decode(Bin,Method),
-	    InnerTlv;
-	TlvBytes -> TlvBytes
-    end.
-
- 
-decode_open_type_as_binary(Tlv, TagIn) ->
-    decode_open_type_as_binary(Tlv, TagIn, erlang).
-decode_open_type_as_binary(Tlv,TagIn, Method)->
-    case match_tags(Tlv,TagIn) of
-	V when is_binary(V) ->
-	    V;
-	[Tlv2] -> encode(Tlv2, Method);
-	Tlv2 -> encode(Tlv2, Method)
-    end.
- 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%% Boolean, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.2 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%%=============================================================================== 
- 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%% encode_boolean(Integer, ReversedTagList) -> {[Octet],Len} 
-%%=============================================================================== 
- 
-encode_boolean({Name, Val}, TagIn) when is_atom(Name) -> 
-    encode_boolean(Val, TagIn); 
-encode_boolean(true, TagIn) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, [16#FF],1);
-encode_boolean(false, TagIn) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, [0],1);
-encode_boolean(X,_) ->
-    exit({error,{asn1, {encode_boolean, X}}}). 
- 
- 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%% decode_boolean(BuffList, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {true, Remain, RemovedBytes} |  
-%%                                               {false, Remain, RemovedBytes} 
-%%=============================================================================== 
-decode_boolean(Tlv,TagIn) ->
-    Val = match_tags(Tlv, TagIn),
-    case Val of
-	<<0:8>> ->
-	    false;
-	<<_:8>> ->
-	    true;
-	_ ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1, {decode_boolean, Val}}})
-    end.
-
- 
-%%=========================================================================== 
-%% Integer, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.3 
-
-%% encode_integer(Constraint, Value, Tag) -> [octet list] 
-%% encode_integer(Constraint, Name, NamedNumberList, Tag) -> [octet list] 
-%%    Value = INTEGER | {Name,INTEGER}  
-%%    Tag = tag | notag 
-%%=========================================================================== 
- 
-encode_integer(C, Val, Tag) when is_integer(Val) -> 
-    encode_tags(Tag, encode_integer(C, Val));
-encode_integer(C,{Name,Val},Tag) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_integer(C,Val,Tag);
-encode_integer(_C, Val, _Tag) -> 
-    exit({error,{asn1, {encode_integer, Val}}}). 
- 
- 
- 
-encode_integer(C, Val, NamedNumberList, Tag) when is_atom(Val) -> 
-    case lists:keysearch(Val, 1, NamedNumberList) of 
-	{value,{_, NewVal}} ->  
-	    encode_tags(Tag, encode_integer(C, NewVal)); 
-	_ ->  
-	    exit({error,{asn1, {encode_integer_namednumber, Val}}}) 
-    end; 
-encode_integer(C,{_Name,Val},NamedNumberList,Tag) ->
-    encode_integer(C,Val,NamedNumberList,Tag); 
-encode_integer(C, Val, _NamedNumberList, Tag) -> 
-    encode_tags(Tag, encode_integer(C, Val)). 
- 
- 
-encode_integer(_, Val) -> 
-    Bytes =  
-	if  
-	    Val >= 0 -> 
-		encode_integer_pos(Val, []); 
-	    true -> 
-		encode_integer_neg(Val, []) 
-	end, 
-    {Bytes,length(Bytes)}. 
- 
-encode_integer_pos(0, L=[B|_Acc]) when B < 128 ->
-    L;
-encode_integer_pos(N, Acc) ->
-    encode_integer_pos((N bsr 8), [N band 16#ff| Acc]).
-
-encode_integer_neg(-1, L=[B1|_T]) when B1 > 127 ->
-    L;
-encode_integer_neg(N, Acc) ->
-    encode_integer_neg(N bsr 8, [N band 16#ff|Acc]).
-
-%%=============================================================================== 
-%% decode integer  
-%%    (Buffer, Range, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {Integer, Remain, RemovedBytes}  
-%%    (Buffer, Range, NamedNumberList, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {Integer, Remain, RemovedBytes}  
-%%=============================================================================== 
-
-decode_integer(Tlv,Range,NamedNumberList,TagIn) ->
-    V = match_tags(Tlv,TagIn),
-    Int = decode_integer(V),
-    range_check_integer(Int,Range),
-    number2name(Int,NamedNumberList).
-
-decode_integer(Tlv,Range,TagIn) ->
-    V = match_tags(Tlv, TagIn),
-    Int = decode_integer(V),
-    range_check_integer(Int,Range),
-    Int.
-
-%% decoding postitive integer values. 
-decode_integer(Bin = <<0:1,_:7,_/binary>>) ->
-    Len = size(Bin),
-%    <<Int:Len/unit:8,Buffer2/binary>> = Bin,
-    <<Int:Len/unit:8>> = Bin,
-    Int;
-%% decoding negative integer values.
-decode_integer(Bin = <<1:1,B2:7,Bs/binary>>)  ->
-    Len = size(Bin),
-%    <<N:Len/unit:8,Buffer2/binary>> = <<B2,Bs/binary>>,
-    <<N:Len/unit:8>> = <<B2,Bs/binary>>,
-    Int = N - (1 bsl (8 * Len - 1)),
-    Int.
-
-range_check_integer(Int,Range) ->
-    case Range of
-	[] -> % No length constraint
-	    Int;
-	{Lb,Ub} when Int >= Lb, Ub >= Int -> % variable length constraint
-	    Int;
-	Int -> % fixed value constraint
-	    Int;
-	{_,_} -> 
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{integer_range,Range,Int}}});
-	SingleValue when is_integer(SingleValue) ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{integer_range,Range,Int}}});
-	_ -> % some strange constraint that we don't support yet
-	    Int
-    end.
-
-number2name(Int,[]) ->
-    Int;
-number2name(Int,NamedNumberList) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(Int, 2, NamedNumberList) of 
-	{value,{NamedVal, _}} -> 
-	    NamedVal; 
-	_ -> 
-	    Int 
-    end. 
-
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% Enumerated value, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.4 
-
-%% encode enumerated value 
-%%============================================================================ 
-encode_enumerated(Val, TagIn) when is_integer(Val)->
-    encode_tags(TagIn, encode_integer(false,Val));
-encode_enumerated({Name,Val}, TagIn) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_enumerated(Val, TagIn).
-
-%% The encode_enumerated functions below this line can be removed when the
-%% new code generation is stable. (the functions might have to be kept here
-%% a while longer for compatibility reasons)
-
-encode_enumerated(C, Val, {NamedNumberList,ExtList}, TagIn) when is_atom(Val) ->
-    case catch encode_enumerated(C, Val, NamedNumberList, TagIn) of
-	{'EXIT',_} -> encode_enumerated(C, Val, ExtList, TagIn);
-	Result -> Result
-    end;
- 
-encode_enumerated(C, Val, NamedNumberList, TagIn) when is_atom(Val) -> 
-    case lists:keysearch(Val, 1, NamedNumberList) of 
-	{value, {_, NewVal}} -> 
-	    encode_tags(TagIn, encode_integer(C, NewVal)); 
-	_ -> 
-	    exit({error,{asn1, {enumerated_not_in_range, Val}}}) 
-    end; 
-
-encode_enumerated(C, {asn1_enum, Val}, {_,_}, TagIn) when is_integer(Val) ->
-    encode_tags(TagIn, encode_integer(C,Val));
-
-encode_enumerated(C, {Name,Val}, NamedNumberList, TagIn) when is_atom(Name) -> 
-    encode_enumerated(C, Val, NamedNumberList, TagIn);
-
-encode_enumerated(_C, Val, _NamedNumberList, _TagIn) -> 
-    exit({error,{asn1, {enumerated_not_namednumber, Val}}}). 
- 
- 
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% decode enumerated value 
-%%   (Buffer, Range, NamedNumberList, HasTag, TotalLen) ->  Value 
-%%===========================================================================
-decode_enumerated(Tlv, Range, NamedNumberList, Tags) ->
-    Buffer = match_tags(Tlv,Tags),
-    decode_enumerated_notag(Buffer, Range, NamedNumberList, Tags).
-
-decode_enumerated_notag(Buffer, _Range, {NamedNumberList,ExtList}, _Tags) ->
-
-    IVal = decode_integer2(size(Buffer), Buffer),
-    case decode_enumerated1(IVal, NamedNumberList) of
-	{asn1_enum,IVal} ->
-	    decode_enumerated1(IVal,ExtList);
-	EVal ->
-	    EVal
-    end;
-decode_enumerated_notag(Buffer, _Range, NNList, _Tags) ->
-    IVal = decode_integer2(size(Buffer), Buffer), 
-    case decode_enumerated1(IVal, NNList) of
-	{asn1_enum,_} ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1, {illegal_enumerated, IVal}}});
-	EVal ->
-	    EVal
-    end.
-
-decode_enumerated1(Val, NamedNumberList) ->     
-    %% it must be a named integer 
-    case lists:keysearch(Val, 2, NamedNumberList) of 
-	{value,{NamedVal, _}} -> 
-	    NamedVal; 
-	_ -> 
-	    {asn1_enum,Val}
-    end.
- 
-
-%%============================================================================ 
-%%
-%% Real value, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.5 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%%
-%% encode real value 
-%%============================================================================ 
- 
-%% only base 2 internally so far!! 
-encode_real(_C,0, TagIn) ->
-    encode_tags(TagIn, {[],0}); 
-encode_real(_C,'PLUS-INFINITY', TagIn) ->
-    encode_tags(TagIn, {[64],1}); 
-encode_real(_C,'MINUS-INFINITY', TagIn) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, {[65],1}); 
-encode_real(C,Val, TagIn) when is_tuple(Val); is_list(Val) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, encode_real(C,Val)). 
- 
-
-
-encode_real(C,Val) ->
-    asn1rt_ber_bin:encode_real(C,Val). 
- 
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% decode real value 
-%% 
-%% decode_real([OctetBufferList], tuple|value, tag|notag) -> 
-%%  {{Mantissa, Base, Exp} | realval | PLUS-INFINITY | MINUS-INFINITY | 0, 
-%%     RestBuff} 
-%%  
-%% only for base 2 and 10 decoding sofar!! 
-%%============================================================================ 
- 
-decode_real(Tlv, Tags) ->
-    Buffer = match_tags(Tlv,Tags),
-    decode_real_notag(Buffer).
-
-decode_real_notag(Buffer) ->
-    Len =
-	case Buffer of
-	    Bin when is_binary(Bin) ->
-		size(Bin);
-	    {_T,_V} ->
-		exit({error,{asn1,{real_not_in_primitive_form,Buffer}}})
-	end,
-    {Val,_Rest,Len} = asn1rt_ber_bin:decode_real(Buffer,Len),
-    Val.
-%%    exit({error,{asn1, {unimplemented,real}}}).
-%%  decode_real2(Buffer, Form, size(Buffer)).
-
-% decode_real2(Buffer, Form, Len) ->
-%     <<First, Buffer2/binary>> = Buffer,
-%     if
-% 	First =:= 2#01000000 -> {'PLUS-INFINITY', Buffer2}; 
-% 	First =:= 2#01000001 -> {'MINUS-INFINITY', Buffer2}; 
-% 	First =:= 2#00000000 -> {0, Buffer2}; 
-% 	true -> 
-% 	    %% have some check here to verify only supported bases (2) 
-% 	    <<B7:1,B6:1,B5_4:2,B3_2:2,B1_0:2>> = <<First>>,
-% 		Sign = B6,
-% 	    Base = 
-% 		case B5_4 of
-% 		    0 -> 2;  % base 2, only one so far 
-% 		    _ -> exit({error,{asn1, {non_supported_base, First}}}) 
-% 		end, 
-% 	    ScalingFactor = 
-% 		case B3_2 of
-% 		    0 -> 0;  % no scaling so far  
-% 		    _ -> exit({error,{asn1, {non_supported_scaling, First}}}) 
-% 		end, 
-						
-% 	    {FirstLen,Exp,Buffer3} =
-% 		case B1_0 of
-% 		    0 ->
-% 			<<_:1/unit:8,Buffer21/binary>> = Buffer2,
-% 			{2, decode_integer2(1, Buffer2),Buffer21}; 
-% 		    1 ->
-% 			<<_:2/unit:8,Buffer21/binary>> = Buffer2,
-% 			{3, decode_integer2(2, Buffer2)}; 
-% 		    2 ->
-% 			<<_:3/unit:8,Buffer21/binary>> = Buffer2,
-% 			{4, decode_integer2(3, Buffer2)}; 
-% 		    3 -> 
-% 			<<ExpLen1,RestBuffer/binary>> = Buffer2,
-% 			<<_:ExpLen1/unit:8,RestBuffer2/binary>> = RestBuffer,
-% 			{ ExpLen1 + 2, 
-% 			  decode_integer2(ExpLen1, RestBuffer, RemBytes1),
-% 			  RestBuffer2} 
-% 		end, 
-% 	    Length = Len - FirstLen,
-% 	    <<LongInt:Length/unit:8,RestBuff/binary>> = Buffer3,
-% 	    {Mantissa, Buffer4} = 
-% 		if Sign =:= 0 -> 
-			
-% 			{LongInt, RestBuff};%  sign plus, 
-% 		   true -> 
-			
-% 			{-LongInt, RestBuff}%  sign minus 
-% 		end, 
-% 	    case Form of 
-% 		tuple -> 
-% 		    {Val,Buf,RemB} = Exp, 
-% 		    {{Mantissa, Base, {Val,Buf}}, Buffer4, RemBytes2+RemBytes3};  
-% 		_value -> 
-% 		    comming 
-% 	    end 
-%     end. 
- 
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% Bitstring value, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.6 
-%%
-%% encode bitstring value 
-%% 
-%% bitstring NamedBitList 
-%% Val can be  of: 
-%% - [identifiers] where only named identifers are set to one,  
-%%   the Constraint must then have some information of the  
-%%   bitlength. 
-%% - [list of ones and zeroes] all bits  
-%% - integer value representing the bitlist 
-%% C is constrint Len, only valid when identifiers 
-%%============================================================================ 
- 
-encode_bit_string(C,Bin={Unused,BinBits},NamedBitList,TagIn) when is_integer(Unused), is_binary(BinBits) ->
-    encode_bin_bit_string(C,Bin,NamedBitList,TagIn);
-encode_bit_string(C, [FirstVal | RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn) when is_atom(FirstVal) -> 
-    encode_bit_string_named(C, [FirstVal | RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn); 
-
-encode_bit_string(C, [{bit,X} | RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn) -> 
-    encode_bit_string_named(C, [{bit,X} | RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn); 
- 
-encode_bit_string(C, [FirstVal| RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn) when is_integer(FirstVal) -> 
-    encode_bit_string_bits(C, [FirstVal | RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn); 
- 
-encode_bit_string(_C, 0, _NamedBitList, TagIn) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, <<0>>,1); 
-
-encode_bit_string(_C, [], _NamedBitList, TagIn) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, <<0>>,1); 
-
-encode_bit_string(C, IntegerVal, NamedBitList, TagIn) when is_integer(IntegerVal) -> 
-    BitListVal = int_to_bitlist(IntegerVal),
-    encode_bit_string_bits(C, BitListVal, NamedBitList, TagIn);
-
-encode_bit_string(C, {Name,BitList}, NamedBitList, TagIn) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_bit_string(C, BitList, NamedBitList, TagIn).
-  
- 
- 
-int_to_bitlist(0) ->
-    [];
-int_to_bitlist(Int) when is_integer(Int), Int >= 0 ->
-    [Int band 1 | int_to_bitlist(Int bsr 1)].
-
-
-%%================================================================= 
-%% Encode BIT STRING of the form {Unused,BinBits}. 
-%% Unused is the number of unused bits in the last byte in BinBits 
-%% and BinBits is a binary representing the BIT STRING.
-%%================================================================= 
-encode_bin_bit_string(C,{Unused,BinBits},_NamedBitList,TagIn)->
-    case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of
-	no ->
-	    remove_unused_then_dotag(TagIn, Unused, BinBits);
-	{_Min,Max} ->
-	    BBLen = (size(BinBits)*8)-Unused,
-	    if
-		BBLen > Max ->
-		    exit({error,{asn1, 
-				 {bitstring_length, 
-				  {{was,BBLen},{maximum,Max}}}}}); 
-		true ->
-		    remove_unused_then_dotag(TagIn, Unused, BinBits)
-	    end;
-	Size ->
-	    case ((size(BinBits)*8)-Unused) of
-		BBSize when BBSize =< Size ->
-		    remove_unused_then_dotag(TagIn, Unused, BinBits);
-		BBSize  ->
-		    exit({error,{asn1,  
-				 {bitstring_length, 
-				  {{was,BBSize},{should_be,Size}}}}})
-	    end
-    end.
-
-remove_unused_then_dotag(TagIn,Unused,BinBits) ->
-    case Unused of
-	0 when (size(BinBits) == 0) ->
-	    encode_tags(TagIn,<<0>>,1);
-	0 ->
-	    Bin = <<Unused,BinBits/binary>>,
-	    encode_tags(TagIn,Bin,size(Bin));
-	Num ->
-	    N = (size(BinBits)-1),
-	    <<BBits:N/binary,LastByte>> = BinBits,
-	    encode_tags(TagIn,
-			[Unused,binary_to_list(BBits) ++[(LastByte bsr Num) bsl Num]],
-			1+size(BinBits))
-    end.
-
-
-%%================================================================= 
-%% Encode named bits 
-%%================================================================= 
- 
-encode_bit_string_named(C, [FirstVal | RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn) -> 
-    ToSetPos = get_all_bitposes([FirstVal | RestVal], NamedBitList, []), 
-    Size = 
-	case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of 
-	    no -> 
-		lists:max(ToSetPos)+1;
-	    {_Min,Max} ->
-		Max;
-	    TSize ->
-		TSize
-	end,
-    BitList = make_and_set_list(Size, ToSetPos, 0), 
-    {Len, Unused, OctetList} = encode_bitstring(BitList),  
-    encode_tags(TagIn, [Unused|OctetList],Len+1). 
-
-	 
-%%---------------------------------------- 
-%% get_all_bitposes([list of named bits to set], named_bit_db, []) -> 
-%%   [sorted_list_of_bitpositions_to_set] 
-%%---------------------------------------- 
-
-get_all_bitposes([{bit,ValPos}|Rest], NamedBitList, Ack) ->
-    get_all_bitposes(Rest, NamedBitList, [ValPos | Ack ]);
-get_all_bitposes([Val | Rest], NamedBitList, Ack) when is_atom(Val) -> 
-    case lists:keysearch(Val, 1, NamedBitList) of 
-	{value, {_ValName, ValPos}} -> 
-	    get_all_bitposes(Rest, NamedBitList, [ValPos | Ack]); 
-	_ -> 
-	    exit({error,{asn1, {bitstring_namedbit, Val}}}) 
-    end; 
-get_all_bitposes([], _NamedBitList, Ack) -> 
-    lists:sort(Ack). 
- 
- 
-%%---------------------------------------- 
-%% make_and_set_list(Len of list to return, [list of positions to set to 1])-> 
-%% returns list of Len length, with all in SetPos set. 
-%% in positioning in list the first element is 0, the second 1 etc.., but 
-%% Len will make a list of length Len, not Len + 1. 
-%%    BitList = make_and_set_list(C, ToSetPos, 0), 
-%%---------------------------------------- 
- 
-make_and_set_list(0, [], _) -> []; 
-make_and_set_list(0, _, _) ->  
-    exit({error,{asn1,bitstring_sizeconstraint}}); 
-make_and_set_list(Len, [XPos|SetPos], XPos) -> 
-    [1 | make_and_set_list(Len - 1, SetPos, XPos + 1)]; 
-make_and_set_list(Len, [Pos|SetPos], XPos) -> 
-    [0 | make_and_set_list(Len - 1, [Pos | SetPos], XPos + 1)]; 
-make_and_set_list(Len, [], XPos) -> 
-    [0 | make_and_set_list(Len - 1, [], XPos + 1)]. 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
-%%================================================================= 
-%% Encode bit string for lists of ones and zeroes 
-%%================================================================= 
-encode_bit_string_bits(C, BitListVal, _NamedBitList, TagIn) when is_list(BitListVal) -> 
-    case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of 
-	no -> 
-	    {Len, Unused, OctetList} = encode_bitstring(BitListVal),  
-	    %%add unused byte to the Len 
-	    encode_tags(TagIn, [Unused | OctetList], Len+1);
-	Constr={Min,_Max} when is_integer(Min) ->
-	    %% Max may be an integer or 'MAX'
-	    encode_constr_bit_str_bits(Constr,BitListVal,TagIn);
-	{Constr={_,_},[]} ->%Constr={Min,Max}
-	    %% constraint with extension mark
-	    encode_constr_bit_str_bits(Constr,BitListVal,TagIn);
-	Constr={{_,_},{_,_}} ->%{{Min1,Max1},{Min2,Max2}}
-	    %% constraint with extension mark
-	    encode_constr_bit_str_bits(Constr,BitListVal,TagIn);
-	Size ->
-	    case length(BitListVal) of
-		BitSize when BitSize == Size ->
-		    {Len, Unused, OctetList} = encode_bitstring(BitListVal),  
-		    %%add unused byte to the Len 
-		    encode_tags(TagIn, [Unused | OctetList], Len+1);  
-		BitSize when BitSize < Size ->
-		    PaddedList = pad_bit_list(Size-BitSize,BitListVal),
-		    {Len, Unused, OctetList} = encode_bitstring(PaddedList),  
-		    %%add unused byte to the Len 
-		    encode_tags(TagIn, [Unused | OctetList], Len+1);
-		BitSize -> 
-		    exit({error,{asn1,  
-			  {bitstring_length, {{was,BitSize},{should_be,Size}}}}}) 
-	    end 
- 
-    end. 
- 
-encode_constr_bit_str_bits({{_Min1,Max1},{Min2,Max2}},BitListVal,TagIn) ->
-    BitLen = length(BitListVal),
-    case BitLen of
-	Len when Len > Max2 -> 
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{bitstring_length,{{was,BitLen},
-						 {maximum,Max2}}}}}); 
-	Len when Len > Max1, Len < Min2  ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{bitstring_length,{{was,BitLen},
-						 {not_allowed_interval,
-						  Max1,Min2}}}}});
-	_ ->
-	    {Len, Unused, OctetList} = encode_bitstring(BitListVal),  
-	    %%add unused byte to the Len 
-	    encode_tags(TagIn, [Unused, OctetList], Len+1)  
-    end;
-encode_constr_bit_str_bits({Min,Max},BitListVal,TagIn) ->
-    BitLen = length(BitListVal), 
-    if  
-	BitLen > Max -> 
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{bitstring_length,{{was,BitLen},
-						 {maximum,Max}}}}}); 
-	BitLen < Min ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{bitstring_length,{{was,BitLen},
-						 {minimum,Max}}}}});
-	true -> 
-	    {Len, Unused, OctetList} = encode_bitstring(BitListVal),  
-	    %%add unused byte to the Len 
-	    encode_tags(TagIn, [Unused, OctetList], Len+1)  
-    end.
-
-
-%% returns a list of length Size + length(BitListVal), with BitListVal 
-%% as the most significant elements followed by padded zero elements
-pad_bit_list(Size,BitListVal) ->
-    Tail = lists:duplicate(Size,0),
-    lists:append(BitListVal,Tail).
- 
-%%================================================================= 
-%% Do the actual encoding 
-%%     ([bitlist]) -> {ListLen, UnusedBits, OctetList} 
-%%================================================================= 
- 
-encode_bitstring([B8, B7, B6, B5, B4, B3, B2, B1 | Rest]) -> 
-    Val = (B8 bsl 7) bor (B7 bsl 6) bor (B6 bsl 5) bor (B5 bsl 4) bor 
-	(B4 bsl 3) bor (B3 bsl 2) bor (B2 bsl 1) bor B1, 
-    encode_bitstring(Rest, [Val], 1); 
-encode_bitstring(Val) -> 
-    {Unused, Octet} = unused_bitlist(Val, 7, 0), 
-    {1, Unused, [Octet]}. 
- 
-encode_bitstring([B8, B7, B6, B5, B4, B3, B2, B1 | Rest], Ack, Len) -> 
-    Val = (B8 bsl 7) bor (B7 bsl 6) bor (B6 bsl 5) bor (B5 bsl 4) bor 
-	(B4 bsl 3) bor (B3 bsl 2) bor (B2 bsl 1) bor B1, 
-    encode_bitstring(Rest, [Ack | [Val]], Len + 1); 
-%%even multiple of 8 bits.. 
-encode_bitstring([], Ack, Len) -> 
-    {Len, 0, Ack}; 
-%% unused bits in last octet 
-encode_bitstring(Rest, Ack, Len) -> 
-%    io:format("uneven ~w ~w ~w~n",[Rest, Ack, Len]), 
-    {Unused, Val} = unused_bitlist(Rest, 7, 0), 
-    {Len + 1, Unused, [Ack | [Val]]}. 
- 
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
-%% unused_bitlist([list of ones and zeros <= 7], 7, []) -> 
-%%  {Unused bits, Last octet with bits moved to right} 
-unused_bitlist([], Trail, Ack) -> 
-    {Trail + 1, Ack}; 
-unused_bitlist([Bit | Rest], Trail, Ack) -> 
-%%    io:format("trail Bit: ~w Rest: ~w Trail: ~w Ack:~w~n",[Bit, Rest, Trail, Ack]), 
-    unused_bitlist(Rest, Trail - 1, (Bit bsl Trail) bor Ack). 
- 
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% decode bitstring value 
-%%    (Buffer, Range, NamedNumberList, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {Integer, Remain, RemovedBytes}  
-%%============================================================================ 
-
-decode_compact_bit_string(Buffer, Range, NamedNumberList, Tags) ->
-%    NewTags = new_tags(HasTag,#tag{class=?UNIVERSAL,number=?N_BIT_STRING}),
-     decode_restricted_string(Buffer, Range, ?N_BIT_STRING, Tags, 
-			     NamedNumberList,bin).
-
-decode_bit_string(Buffer, Range, NamedNumberList, Tags) -> 
-%    NewTags = new_tags(HasTag,#tag{class=?UNIVERSAL,number=?N_BIT_STRING}),
-    decode_restricted_string(Buffer, Range, ?N_BIT_STRING, Tags, 
-			     NamedNumberList,old). 
- 
-
-decode_bit_string2(<<0>>,_NamedNumberList,BinOrOld) -> 
-    case BinOrOld of
-	bin ->
-	    {0,<<>>};
-	_ ->
-	    []
-    end;
-decode_bit_string2(<<Unused,Bits/binary>>,NamedNumberList,BinOrOld) -> 
-    case NamedNumberList of 
-	[] -> 
-	    case BinOrOld of
-		bin ->
-		    {Unused,Bits};
-		_ ->
-		    decode_bitstring2(size(Bits), Unused, Bits)
-	    end;
-	_ -> 
-	    BitString = decode_bitstring2(size(Bits), Unused, Bits),
-	    decode_bitstring_NNL(BitString,NamedNumberList) 
-    end. 
- 
-%%---------------------------------------- 
-%% Decode the in buffer to bits 
-%%---------------------------------------- 
-decode_bitstring2(1,Unused,<<B7:1,B6:1,B5:1,B4:1,B3:1,B2:1,B1:1,B0:1,_/binary>>) -> 
-    lists:sublist([B7,B6,B5,B4,B3,B2,B1,B0],8-Unused); 
-decode_bitstring2(Len, Unused,
-		  <<B7:1,B6:1,B5:1,B4:1,B3:1,B2:1,B1:1,B0:1,Buffer/binary>>) -> 
-    [B7, B6, B5, B4, B3, B2, B1, B0 | 
-     decode_bitstring2(Len - 1, Unused, Buffer)]. 
- 
-%%decode_bitstring2(1, Unused, Buffer) -> 
-%%    make_bits_of_int(hd(Buffer), 128, 8-Unused); 
-%%decode_bitstring2(Len, Unused, [BitVal | Buffer]) -> 
-%%    [B7, B6, B5, B4, B3, B2, B1, B0] = make_bits_of_int(BitVal, 128, 8), 
-%%    [B7, B6, B5, B4, B3, B2, B1, B0 | 
-%%     decode_bitstring2(Len - 1, Unused, Buffer)]. 
- 
- 
-%%make_bits_of_int(_, _, 0) -> 
-%%    []; 
-%%make_bits_of_int(BitVal, MaskVal, Unused) when Unused > 0 -> 
-%%    X = case MaskVal band BitVal of 
-%%	    0 -> 0 ; 
-%%	    _ -> 1 
-%%	end, 
-%%    [X | make_bits_of_int(BitVal, MaskVal bsr 1, Unused - 1)]. 
- 
- 
- 
-%%---------------------------------------- 
-%% Decode the bitlist to names 
-%%---------------------------------------- 
-
- 
-decode_bitstring_NNL(BitList,NamedNumberList) -> 
-    decode_bitstring_NNL(BitList,NamedNumberList,0,[]). 
- 
- 
-decode_bitstring_NNL([],_,_No,Result) -> 
-    lists:reverse(Result); 
-
-decode_bitstring_NNL([B|BitList],[{Name,No}|NamedNumberList],No,Result) -> 
-    if 
-	B == 0 -> 
-	    decode_bitstring_NNL(BitList,NamedNumberList,No+1,Result); 
-	true -> 
-	    decode_bitstring_NNL(BitList,NamedNumberList,No+1,[Name|Result]) 
-    end; 
-decode_bitstring_NNL([1|BitList],NamedNumberList,No,Result) -> 
-	    decode_bitstring_NNL(BitList,NamedNumberList,No+1,[{bit,No}|Result]); 
-decode_bitstring_NNL([0|BitList],NamedNumberList,No,Result) ->
-	    decode_bitstring_NNL(BitList,NamedNumberList,No+1,Result). 
- 
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% Octet string, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.7 
-%%
-%% encode octet string 
-%% The OctetList must be a flat list of integers in the range 0..255
-%% the function does not check this because it takes to much time
-%%============================================================================ 
-encode_octet_string(_C, OctetList, TagIn) when is_binary(OctetList) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, size(OctetList));
-encode_octet_string(_C, OctetList, TagIn) when is_list(OctetList) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, length(OctetList));
-encode_octet_string(C, {Name,OctetList}, TagIn) when is_atom(Name) -> 
-    encode_octet_string(C, OctetList, TagIn).
- 
-
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% decode octet string  
-%%    (Buffer, Range, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {String, Remain, RemovedBytes}  
-%% 
-%% Octet string is decoded as a restricted string 
-%%============================================================================ 
-decode_octet_string(Buffer, Range, Tags) -> 
-%    NewTags = new_tags(HasTag,#tag{class=?UNIVERSAL,number=?N_OCTET_STRING}),
-    decode_restricted_string(Buffer, Range, ?N_OCTET_STRING, 
-			     Tags, [], old). 
-
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% Null value, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.8 
-%%
-%% encode NULL value 
-%%============================================================================ 
- 
-encode_null({Name, _Val}, TagIn) when is_atom(Name) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, [], 0);
-encode_null(_Val, TagIn) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, [], 0). 
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% decode NULL value 
-%%    (Buffer, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {NULL, Remain, RemovedBytes}  
-%%============================================================================ 
-
-decode_null(Tlv, Tags) ->
-    Val = match_tags(Tlv, Tags),
-    case Val of
-	<<>> ->
-	    'NULL';
-	_ ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{decode_null,Val}}})
-	end. 
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% Object identifier, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.19 
-%%
-%% encode Object Identifier value 
-%%============================================================================ 
- 
-encode_object_identifier({Name,Val}, TagIn) when is_atom(Name) -> 
-    encode_object_identifier(Val, TagIn);
-encode_object_identifier(Val, TagIn) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, e_object_identifier(Val)).
- 
-e_object_identifier({'OBJECT IDENTIFIER', V}) -> 
-    e_object_identifier(V); 
-e_object_identifier({Cname, V}) when is_atom(Cname), is_tuple(V) -> 
-    e_object_identifier(tuple_to_list(V)); 
-e_object_identifier({Cname, V}) when is_atom(Cname), is_list(V) -> 
-    e_object_identifier(V); 
-e_object_identifier(V) when is_tuple(V) -> 
-    e_object_identifier(tuple_to_list(V)); 
- 
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
-%% e_object_identifier([List of Obect Identifiers]) -> 
-%% {[Encoded Octetlist of ObjIds], IntLength} 
-%% 
-e_object_identifier([E1, E2 | Tail]) -> 
-    Head = 40*E1 + E2,  % wow! 
-    {H,Lh} = mk_object_val(Head),
-    {R,Lr} = lists:mapfoldl(fun enc_obj_id_tail/2,0,Tail),
-    {[H|R], Lh+Lr}.
-
-enc_obj_id_tail(H, Len) ->
-    {B, L} = mk_object_val(H),
-    {B,Len+L}.
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%% 
-%% mk_object_val(Value) -> {OctetList, Len} 
-%% returns a Val as a list of octets, the 8 bit is allways set to one except 
-%% for the last octet, where its 0 
-%% 
-
- 
-mk_object_val(Val) when Val =< 127 -> 
-    {[255 band Val], 1}; 
-mk_object_val(Val) -> 
-    mk_object_val(Val bsr 7, [Val band 127], 1).  
-mk_object_val(0, Ack, Len) -> 
-    {Ack, Len}; 
-mk_object_val(Val, Ack, Len) -> 
-    mk_object_val(Val bsr 7, [((Val band 127) bor 128) | Ack], Len + 1). 
- 
- 
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% decode Object Identifier value   
-%%    (Buffer, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {{ObjId}, Remain, RemovedBytes}  
-%%============================================================================ 
- 
-decode_object_identifier(Tlv, Tags) -> 
-    Val = match_tags(Tlv, Tags),
-    [AddedObjVal|ObjVals] = dec_subidentifiers(Val,0,[]), 
-    {Val1, Val2} = if 
-		       AddedObjVal < 40 -> 
-			   {0, AddedObjVal}; 
-		       AddedObjVal < 80 -> 
-			   {1, AddedObjVal - 40}; 
-		       true -> 
-			   {2, AddedObjVal - 80} 
-		   end, 
-    list_to_tuple([Val1, Val2 | ObjVals]).
-
-dec_subidentifiers(<<>>,_Av,Al) -> 
-    lists:reverse(Al); 
-dec_subidentifiers(<<1:1,H:7,T/binary>>,Av,Al) -> 
-    dec_subidentifiers(T,(Av bsl 7) + H,Al); 
-dec_subidentifiers(<<H,T/binary>>,Av,Al) -> 
-    dec_subidentifiers(T,0,[((Av bsl 7) + H)|Al]). 
-
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% RELATIVE-OID, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.20 
-%%
-%% encode Relative Object Identifier 
-%%============================================================================ 
-encode_relative_oid({Name,Val},TagIn) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_relative_oid(Val,TagIn);
-encode_relative_oid(Val,TagIn) when is_tuple(Val) ->
-    encode_relative_oid(tuple_to_list(Val),TagIn);
-encode_relative_oid(Val,TagIn) ->
-    encode_tags(TagIn, enc_relative_oid(Val)).
-
-enc_relative_oid(Tuple) when is_tuple(Tuple) ->
-    enc_relative_oid(tuple_to_list(Tuple));
-enc_relative_oid(Val) ->
-    lists:mapfoldl(fun(X,AccIn) ->
-			   {SO,L}=mk_object_val(X),
-			   {SO,L+AccIn}
-		   end
-		   ,0,Val).
-
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% decode Relative Object Identifier value   
-%%    (Buffer, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {{ObjId}, Remain, RemovedBytes}  
-%%============================================================================ 
-decode_relative_oid(Tlv, Tags) ->
-    Val = match_tags(Tlv, Tags),
-    ObjVals = dec_subidentifiers(Val,0,[]), 
-    list_to_tuple(ObjVals).
-
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% Restricted character string types, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.20 
-%%
-%% encode Numeric Printable Teletex Videotex Visible IA5 Graphic General strings 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% The StringType arg is kept for future use but might be removed 
-encode_restricted_string(_C, OctetList, _StringType, TagIn) 
-  when is_binary(OctetList) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, size(OctetList)); 
-encode_restricted_string(_C, OctetList, _StringType, TagIn) 
-  when is_list(OctetList) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, length(OctetList)); 
-encode_restricted_string(C,{Name,OctetL}, StringType, TagIn) when is_atom(Name)-> 
-    encode_restricted_string(C, OctetL, StringType, TagIn).
-
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% decode Numeric Printable Teletex Videotex Visible IA5 Graphic General strings 
-%%    (Buffer, Range, StringType, HasTag, TotalLen) -> 
-%%                                  {String, Remain, RemovedBytes}  
-%%============================================================================ 
-
-decode_restricted_string(Buffer, Range, StringType, Tags) -> 
-	decode_restricted_string(Buffer, Range, StringType, Tags, [], old).
-
-
-decode_restricted_string(Tlv, Range, StringType, TagsIn, 
-			 NamedNumberList, BinOrOld) -> 
-    Val = match_tags(Tlv, TagsIn),
-    Val2 = 
-	case Val of
-	    PartList = [_H|_T] -> % constructed val
-		Bin = collect_parts(PartList),
-		decode_restricted(Bin, StringType, 
-				      NamedNumberList, BinOrOld);
-	    Bin ->
-		decode_restricted(Bin, StringType, 
-				      NamedNumberList, BinOrOld)
-	end,
-    check_and_convert_restricted_string(Val2,StringType,Range,NamedNumberList,BinOrOld).
-     
-
-
-% 	case StringType of
-% 	    ?N_BIT_STRING when BinOrOld == bin ->
-% 		{concat_bit_binaries(AccVal, Val), AccRb+Rb};
-% 	    _ when is_binary(Val),is_binary(AccVal) ->
-% 		{<<AccVal/binary,Val/binary>>,AccRb+Rb};
-% 	    _ when is_binary(Val), AccVal==[] ->
-% 		{Val,AccRb+Rb};				      
-% 	    _ ->	
-% 		{AccVal++Val, AccRb+Rb}
-% 	end,
-
-    
- 
-decode_restricted(Bin, StringType, NamedNumberList,BinOrOld) -> 
-	case StringType of 
-	    ?N_BIT_STRING -> 
-		decode_bit_string2(Bin, NamedNumberList, BinOrOld); 
-	    ?N_UniversalString ->
-		mk_universal_string(binary_to_list(Bin)); 
-	    ?N_BMPString ->  
-		mk_BMP_string(binary_to_list(Bin)); 
-	    _ ->  
-		Bin
-	end. 
-     
-
-check_and_convert_restricted_string(Val,StringType,Range,NamedNumberList,_BinOrOld) ->
-    {StrLen,NewVal} = case StringType of
-			  ?N_BIT_STRING when NamedNumberList /= [] ->
-			      {no_check,Val};
-			  ?N_BIT_STRING when is_list(Val) ->
-			      {length(Val),Val};
-			  ?N_BIT_STRING when is_tuple(Val) -> 
-			      {(size(element(2,Val))*8) - element(1,Val),Val};
-			  _ when is_binary(Val) ->
-			      {size(Val),binary_to_list(Val)};
-			  _ when is_list(Val) ->
-			      {length(Val), Val}
-		      end,
-    case Range of
-	_ when StrLen == no_check ->
-	    NewVal;
-	[] -> % No length constraint
-	    NewVal;
-	{Lb,Ub} when StrLen >= Lb, Ub >= StrLen -> % variable length constraint
-	    NewVal;
-	{{Lb,_Ub},[]} when StrLen >= Lb ->
-	    NewVal;
-	{{Lb,_Ub},_Ext=[Min|_]} when StrLen >= Lb; StrLen >= Min ->
-	    NewVal;
-	{{Lb1,Ub1},{Lb2,Ub2}} when StrLen >= Lb1, StrLen =< Ub1; 
-				   StrLen =< Ub2, StrLen >= Lb2 ->
-	    NewVal;
-	StrLen -> % fixed length constraint
-	    NewVal;
-	{_,_} -> 
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{length,Range,Val}}});
-	_Len when is_integer(_Len) ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{length,Range,Val}}});
-	_ -> % some strange constraint that we don't support yet
-	    NewVal
-    end.
-
-
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% encode Universal string 
-%%============================================================================ 
-
-encode_universal_string(C, {Name, Universal}, TagIn) when is_atom(Name) -> 
-    encode_universal_string(C, Universal, TagIn);
-encode_universal_string(_C, Universal, TagIn) -> 
-    OctetList = mk_uni_list(Universal), 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, length(OctetList)). 
- 
-mk_uni_list(In) ->  
-    mk_uni_list(In,[]). 
- 
-mk_uni_list([],List) ->  
-    lists:reverse(List); 
-mk_uni_list([{A,B,C,D}|T],List) ->  
-    mk_uni_list(T,[D,C,B,A|List]); 
-mk_uni_list([H|T],List) ->  
-    mk_uni_list(T,[H,0,0,0|List]). 
- 
-%%=========================================================================== 
-%% decode Universal strings  
-%%    (Buffer, Range, StringType, HasTag, LenIn) -> 
-%%                           {String, Remain, RemovedBytes}  
-%%=========================================================================== 
-
-decode_universal_string(Buffer, Range, Tags) ->
-    decode_restricted_string(Buffer, Range, ?N_UniversalString, 
-			     Tags, [], old).
-  
- 
-mk_universal_string(In) -> 
-    mk_universal_string(In,[]). 
- 
-mk_universal_string([],Acc) -> 
-    lists:reverse(Acc); 
-mk_universal_string([0,0,0,D|T],Acc) -> 
-    mk_universal_string(T,[D|Acc]); 
-mk_universal_string([A,B,C,D|T],Acc) -> 
-    mk_universal_string(T,[{A,B,C,D}|Acc]). 
- 
-
-%%============================================================================
-%% encode UTF8 string 
-%%============================================================================
-
-encode_UTF8_string(_C,UTF8String,TagIn) when is_binary(UTF8String) ->
-    encode_tags(TagIn, UTF8String, size(UTF8String));
-encode_UTF8_string(_C,UTF8String,TagIn) ->
-    encode_tags(TagIn, UTF8String, length(UTF8String)).
-
-
-%%============================================================================
-%% decode UTF8 string 
-%%============================================================================
-
-decode_UTF8_string(Tlv,TagsIn) ->
-    Val = match_tags(Tlv, TagsIn),
-    case Val of
-	PartList = [_H|_T] -> % constructed val
-	    collect_parts(PartList);
-	Bin ->
-	    Bin
-    end.
-	    
- 
-%%============================================================================
-%% encode BMP string 
-%%============================================================================ 
-
-encode_BMP_string(C, {Name,BMPString}, TagIn) when is_atom(Name)-> 
-    encode_BMP_string(C, BMPString, TagIn);
-encode_BMP_string(_C, BMPString, TagIn) -> 
-    OctetList = mk_BMP_list(BMPString), 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, length(OctetList)). 
- 
-mk_BMP_list(In) ->  
-    mk_BMP_list(In,[]). 
- 
-mk_BMP_list([],List) ->  
-    lists:reverse(List); 
-mk_BMP_list([{0,0,C,D}|T],List) ->  
-    mk_BMP_list(T,[D,C|List]); 
-mk_BMP_list([H|T],List) ->  
-    mk_BMP_list(T,[H,0|List]). 
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% decode (OctetList, Range(ignored), tag|notag) -> {ValList, RestList} 
-%%    (Buffer, Range, StringType, HasTag, TotalLen) -> 
-%%                               {String, Remain, RemovedBytes}  
-%%============================================================================ 
-decode_BMP_string(Buffer, Range, Tags) -> 
-    decode_restricted_string(Buffer, Range, ?N_BMPString, 
-			     Tags, [], old). 
- 
-mk_BMP_string(In) -> 
-    mk_BMP_string(In,[]). 
- 
-mk_BMP_string([],US) -> 
-    lists:reverse(US); 
-mk_BMP_string([0,B|T],US) -> 
-    mk_BMP_string(T,[B|US]); 
-mk_BMP_string([C,D|T],US) -> 
-    mk_BMP_string(T,[{0,0,C,D}|US]). 
- 
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% Generalized time, ITU_T X.680 Chapter 39 
-%%
-%% encode Generalized time 
-%%============================================================================ 
-
-encode_generalized_time(C, {Name,OctetList}, TagIn) when is_atom(Name) -> 
-    encode_generalized_time(C, OctetList, TagIn);
-encode_generalized_time(_C, OctetList, TagIn) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, length(OctetList)). 
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% decode Generalized time  
-%%    (Buffer, Range, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {String, Remain, RemovedBytes}  
-%%============================================================================ 
-
-decode_generalized_time(Tlv, _Range, Tags) -> 
-    Val = match_tags(Tlv, Tags),
-    NewVal = case Val of
-		 PartList = [_H|_T] -> % constructed
-		     collect_parts(PartList);
-		 Bin ->
-		     Bin
-	     end,
-    binary_to_list(NewVal).
-
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% Universal time, ITU_T X.680 Chapter 40 
-%%
-%% encode UTC time 
-%%============================================================================ 
-
-encode_utc_time(C, {Name,OctetList}, TagIn) when is_atom(Name) -> 
-    encode_utc_time(C, OctetList, TagIn);
-encode_utc_time(_C, OctetList, TagIn) -> 
-    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, length(OctetList)).
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% decode UTC time 
-%%    (Buffer, Range, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {String, Remain, RemovedBytes}  
-%%============================================================================ 
-
-decode_utc_time(Tlv, _Range, Tags) -> 
-    Val = match_tags(Tlv, Tags),
-    NewVal = case Val of
-		 PartList = [_H|_T] -> % constructed
-		     collect_parts(PartList);
-		 Bin ->
-		     Bin
-	     end,
-    binary_to_list(NewVal).
-
- 
-%%============================================================================ 
-%% Length handling  
-%%
-%% Encode length 
-%% 
-%% encode_length(Int | indefinite) -> 
-%%          [<127]| [128 + Int (<127),OctetList] | [16#80] 
-%%============================================================================ 
- 
-encode_length(indefinite) -> 
-    {[16#80],1}; % 128 
-encode_length(L) when L =< 16#7F -> 
-    {[L],1}; 
-encode_length(L) -> 
-    Oct = minimum_octets(L), 
-    Len = length(Oct), 
-    if 
-	Len =< 126 -> 
-	    {[ (16#80+Len) | Oct ],Len+1}; 
-	true -> 
-	    exit({error,{asn1, to_long_length_oct, Len}}) 
-    end. 
- 
-
-%% Val must be >= 0
-minimum_octets(Val) -> 
-    minimum_octets(Val,[]). 
- 
-minimum_octets(0,Acc) ->
-    Acc;
-minimum_octets(Val, Acc) ->
-    minimum_octets((Val bsr 8),[Val band 16#FF | Acc]).
-
- 
-%%=========================================================================== 
-%% Decode length 
-%% 
-%% decode_length(OctetList) -> {{indefinite, RestOctetsL}, NoRemovedBytes} |  
-%%                             {{Length, RestOctetsL}, NoRemovedBytes} 
-%%=========================================================================== 
-
-decode_length(<<1:1,0:7,T/binary>>) ->     
-    {indefinite, T};
-decode_length(<<0:1,Length:7,T/binary>>) ->
-    {Length,T};
-decode_length(<<1:1,LL:7,T/binary>>) ->
-    <<Length:LL/unit:8,Rest/binary>> = T,
-    {Length,Rest}.
- 
-
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% INTERNAL HELPER FUNCTIONS (not exported)
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 
-%% decoding postitive integer values. 
-decode_integer2(Len,Bin = <<0:1,_:7,_Bs/binary>>) ->
-    <<Int:Len/unit:8>> = Bin,
-    Int;
-%% decoding negative integer values.
-decode_integer2(Len,<<1:1,B2:7,Bs/binary>>)  ->
-    <<N:Len/unit:8>> = <<B2,Bs/binary>>,
-    Int = N - (1 bsl (8 * Len - 1)),
-    Int.
-
-get_constraint(C,Key) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(Key,1,C) of
-	false ->
-	     no;
-	{value,{_,V}} -> 
-	    V
-    end.
- 
-collect_parts(TlvList) ->
-    collect_parts(TlvList,[]).
-
-collect_parts([{_,L}|Rest],Acc) when is_list(L) ->
-    collect_parts(Rest,[collect_parts(L)|Acc]);
-collect_parts([{?N_BIT_STRING,<<Unused,Bits/binary>>}|Rest],_Acc) ->
-    collect_parts_bit(Rest,[Bits],Unused);
-collect_parts([{_T,V}|Rest],Acc) ->
-    collect_parts(Rest,[V|Acc]);
-collect_parts([],Acc) ->
-    list_to_binary(lists:reverse(Acc)).
-
-collect_parts_bit([{?N_BIT_STRING,<<Unused,Bits/binary>>}|Rest],Acc,Uacc) ->    
-    collect_parts_bit(Rest,[Bits|Acc],Unused+Uacc);
-collect_parts_bit([],Acc,Uacc) ->
-    list_to_binary([Uacc|lists:reverse(Acc)]).
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_check.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_check.erl
deleted file mode 100644
index 35b993fc71..0000000000
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_check.erl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,360 +0,0 @@
-%%
-%% %CopyrightBegin%
-%% 
-%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2001-2011. All Rights Reserved.
-%% 
-%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
-%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
-%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
-%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
-%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
-%% 
-%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
-%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
-%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
-%% under the License.
-%% 
-%% %CopyrightEnd%
-%%
-%%
--module(asn1rt_check).
-
--export([check_bool/2,
-	 check_int/3,
-	 check_bitstring/3,
-	 check_octetstring/2,
-	 check_null/2,
-	 check_objectidentifier/2,
-	 check_objectdescriptor/2,
-	 check_real/2,
-	 check_enum/3,
-	 check_restrictedstring/2]).
-
--export([transform_to_EXTERNAL1990/1,
-	 transform_to_EXTERNAL1994/1]).
-
--export([dynamicsort_SET_components/1,
-	 dynamicsort_SETOF/1]).
-
-check_bool(_Bool,asn1_DEFAULT) ->
-    true;
-check_bool(Bool,Bool) when Bool == true; Bool == false ->
-    true;
-check_bool(_Bool1,Bool2) ->
-    throw({error,Bool2}).
-
-check_int(_,asn1_DEFAULT,_) ->
-    true;
-check_int(Value,Value,_) when is_integer(Value) ->
-    true;
-check_int(DefValue,Value,NNL) when is_atom(Value) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(Value,1,NNL) of
-	{value,{_,DefValue}} ->
-	    true;
-	_ ->
-	    throw({error,DefValue})
-    end;
-check_int(DefaultValue,_Value,_) ->
-    throw({error,DefaultValue}).
-
-% check_bitstring([H|T],[H|T],_) when is_integer(H) ->
-%     true;
-% check_bitstring(V,V,_) when is_integer(V) ->
-%     true;
-%% Two equal lists or integers
-check_bitstring(_,asn1_DEFAULT,_) ->
-    true;
-check_bitstring(V,V,_) ->
-    true;
-%% Default value as a list of 1 and 0 and user value as an integer
-check_bitstring(L=[H|T],Int,_) when is_integer(Int),is_integer(H) ->
-    case bit_list_to_int(L,length(T)) of
-	Int -> true;
-	_ -> throw({error,L,Int})
-    end;
-%% Default value as an integer, val as list
-check_bitstring(Int,Val,NBL) when is_integer(Int),is_list(Val) ->
-    BL = int_to_bit_list(Int,[],length(Val)),
-    check_bitstring(BL,Val,NBL);
-%% Default value and user value as lists of ones and zeros
-check_bitstring(L1=[H1|_T1],L2=[H2|_T2],NBL=[_H|_T]) when is_integer(H1),is_integer(H2) ->
-    L2new = remove_trailing_zeros(L2),
-    check_bitstring(L1,L2new,NBL);
-%% Default value as a list of 1 and 0 and user value as a list of atoms
-check_bitstring(L1=[H1|_T1],L2=[H2|_T2],NBL) when is_integer(H1),is_atom(H2) ->
-    L3 = bit_list_to_nbl(L1,NBL,0,[]),
-    check_bitstring(L3,L2,NBL);
-%% Both default value and user value as a list of atoms
-check_bitstring(L1=[H1|T1],L2=[H2|_T2],_) 
-  when is_atom(H1),is_atom(H2),length(L1) == length(L2) ->
-    case lists:member(H1,L2) of
-	true ->
-	    check_bitstring1(T1,L2);
-	false -> throw({error,L2})
-    end;
-%% Default value as a list of atoms and user value as a list of 1 and 0
-check_bitstring(L1=[H1|_T1],L2=[H2|_T2],NBL) when is_atom(H1),is_integer(H2) ->
-    L3 = bit_list_to_nbl(L2,NBL,0,[]),
-    check_bitstring(L1,L3,NBL);
-%% User value in compact format
-check_bitstring(DefVal,CBS={_,_},NBL) ->
-    NewVal = cbs_to_bit_list(CBS),
-    check_bitstring(DefVal,NewVal,NBL);
-check_bitstring(DV,V,_) ->
-    throw({error,DV,V}).
-
-    
-bit_list_to_int([0|Bs],ShL)->
-    bit_list_to_int(Bs,ShL-1) + 0;
-bit_list_to_int([1|Bs],ShL) ->
-    bit_list_to_int(Bs,ShL-1) + (1 bsl ShL);
-bit_list_to_int([],_) ->
-    0.
-
-int_to_bit_list(0,Acc,0) ->
-    Acc;
-int_to_bit_list(Int,Acc,Len) ->
-    int_to_bit_list(Int bsr 1,[Int band 1|Acc],Len - 1).
-    
-bit_list_to_nbl([0|T],NBL,Pos,Acc) ->
-    bit_list_to_nbl(T,NBL,Pos+1,Acc);
-bit_list_to_nbl([1|T],NBL,Pos,Acc) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(Pos,2,NBL) of
-	{value,{N,_}} ->
-	    bit_list_to_nbl(T,NBL,Pos+1,[N|Acc]);
-	_ ->
-	    throw({error,{no,named,element,at,pos,Pos}})
-    end;
-bit_list_to_nbl([],_,_,Acc) ->
-    Acc.
-    
-remove_trailing_zeros(L2) ->
-    remove_trailing_zeros1(lists:reverse(L2)).
-remove_trailing_zeros1(L) ->
-    lists:reverse(lists:dropwhile(fun(0)->true;
-				     (_) ->false 
-				  end,
-				  L)).
-
-check_bitstring1([H|T],NBL) ->
-    case lists:member(H,NBL) of
-	true ->
-	    check_bitstring1(T,NBL);
-	V -> throw({error,V})
-    end;
-check_bitstring1([],_) ->
-    true.
-
-cbs_to_bit_list({Unused,<<B7:1,B6:1,B5:1,B4:1,B3:1,B2:1,B1:1,B0:1,Rest/binary>>}) when size(Rest) >= 1 ->
-    [B7,B6,B5,B4,B3,B2,B1,B0|cbs_to_bit_list({Unused,Rest})];
-cbs_to_bit_list({0,<<B7:1,B6:1,B5:1,B4:1,B3:1,B2:1,B1:1,B0:1>>}) ->
-    [B7,B6,B5,B4,B3,B2,B1,B0];
-cbs_to_bit_list({Unused,Bin}) when size(Bin) == 1 ->
-    Used = 8-Unused,
-    <<Int:Used,_:Unused>> = Bin,
-    int_to_bit_list(Int,[],Used).
-
-
-check_octetstring(_,asn1_DEFAULT) ->
-    true;
-check_octetstring(L,L) ->
-    true;
-check_octetstring(L,Int) when is_list(L),is_integer(Int) ->
-    case integer_to_octetlist(Int) of
-	L -> true;
-	V -> throw({error,V})
-    end;
-check_octetstring(_,V) ->
-    throw({error,V}).
-
-integer_to_octetlist(Int) ->
-    integer_to_octetlist(Int,[]).
-integer_to_octetlist(0,Acc) ->
-    Acc;
-integer_to_octetlist(Int,Acc) ->
-    integer_to_octetlist(Int bsr 8,[(Int band 255)|Acc]).
-
-check_null(_,asn1_DEFAULT) ->
-    true;
-check_null('NULL','NULL') ->
-    true;
-check_null(_,V) ->
-    throw({error,V}).
-
-check_objectidentifier(_,asn1_DEFAULT) ->
-    true;
-check_objectidentifier(OI,OI) ->
-    true;
-check_objectidentifier(DOI,OI) when is_tuple(DOI),is_tuple(OI) ->
-    check_objectidentifier1(tuple_to_list(DOI),tuple_to_list(OI));
-check_objectidentifier(_,OI) ->
-    throw({error,OI}).
-
-check_objectidentifier1([V|Rest1],[V|Rest2]) ->
-    check_objectidentifier1(Rest1,Rest2,V);
-check_objectidentifier1([V1|Rest1],[V2|Rest2]) ->
-    case reserved_objectid(V2,[]) of
-	V1 ->
-	    check_objectidentifier1(Rest1,Rest2,[V1]);
-	V ->
-	    throw({error,V})
-    end.
-check_objectidentifier1([V|Rest1],[V|Rest2],Above) ->
-    check_objectidentifier1(Rest1,Rest2,[V|Above]);
-check_objectidentifier1([V1|Rest1],[V2|Rest2],Above) ->
-    case reserved_objectid(V2,Above) of
-	V1 ->
-	    check_objectidentifier1(Rest1,Rest2,[V1|Above]);
-	V ->
-	    throw({error,V})
-    end;
-check_objectidentifier1([],[],_) ->
-    true;
-check_objectidentifier1(_,V,_) ->
-    throw({error,object,identifier,V}).
-
-%% ITU-T Rec. X.680 Annex B - D
-reserved_objectid('itu-t',[]) -> 0;
-reserved_objectid('ccitt',[]) -> 0;
-%% arcs below "itu-t" 
-reserved_objectid('recommendation',[0]) -> 0;
-reserved_objectid('question',[0]) -> 1;
-reserved_objectid('administration',[0]) -> 2;
-reserved_objectid('network-operator',[0]) -> 3;
-reserved_objectid('identified-organization',[0]) -> 4;
-
-reserved_objectid(iso,[]) -> 1;
-%% arcs below "iso", note that number 1 is not used
-reserved_objectid('standard',[1]) -> 0;
-reserved_objectid('member-body',[1]) -> 2;
-reserved_objectid('identified-organization',[1]) -> 3;
-
-reserved_objectid('joint-iso-itu-t',[]) -> 2;
-reserved_objectid('joint-iso-ccitt',[]) -> 2;
-
-reserved_objectid(_,_) -> false.
-
-
-check_objectdescriptor(_,asn1_DEFAULT) ->
-    true;
-check_objectdescriptor(OD,OD) ->
-    true;
-check_objectdescriptor(OD,OD) ->
-    throw({error,{not_implemented_yet,check_objectdescriptor}}).
-
-check_real(_,asn1_DEFAULT) ->
-    true;
-check_real(R,R) ->
-    true;
-check_real(_,_) ->
-    throw({error,{not_implemented_yet,check_real}}).
-
-check_enum(_,asn1_DEFAULT,_) ->
-    true;
-check_enum(Val,Val,_) ->
-    true;
-check_enum(Int,Atom,Enumerations) when is_integer(Int),is_atom(Atom) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(Atom,1,Enumerations) of
-	{value,{_,Int}} -> true;
-	_ -> throw({error,{enumerated,Int,Atom}})
-    end;
-check_enum(DefVal,Val,_) ->
-    throw({error,{enumerated,DefVal,Val}}).
-
-
-check_restrictedstring(_,asn1_DEFAULT) ->
-    true;
-check_restrictedstring(Val,Val) ->
-    true;
-check_restrictedstring([V|Rest1],[V|Rest2]) ->
-    check_restrictedstring(Rest1,Rest2);
-check_restrictedstring([V1|Rest1],[V2|Rest2]) ->
-    check_restrictedstring(V1,V2),
-    check_restrictedstring(Rest1,Rest2);
-%% tuple format of value
-check_restrictedstring({V1,V2},[V1,V2]) ->
-    true;
-check_restrictedstring([V1,V2],{V1,V2}) ->
-    true;
-%% quadruple format of value
-check_restrictedstring({V1,V2,V3,V4},[V1,V2,V3,V4]) ->
-    true;
-check_restrictedstring([V1,V2,V3,V4],{V1,V2,V3,V4}) ->
-    true;
-%% character string list
-check_restrictedstring(V1,V2) when is_list(V1),is_tuple(V2) ->
-    check_restrictedstring(V1,tuple_to_list(V2));
-check_restrictedstring(V1,V2) ->
-    throw({error,{restricted,string,V1,V2}}).
-
-transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Val) when is_tuple(Val),size(Val) == 4 ->
-    transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(tuple_to_list(Val),[]);
-transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Val) when is_tuple(Val) ->
-    %% Data already in ASN1 1990 format
-    Val.
-
-transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(['EXTERNAL'|Rest],Acc) ->
-    transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Rest,['EXTERNAL'|Acc]);
-transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([{syntax,Syntax}|Rest],Acc) ->
-    transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Rest,[asn1_NOVALUE,Syntax|Acc]);
-transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([{'presentation-context-id',PCid}|Rest],Acc) ->
-    transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Rest,[PCid,asn1_NOVALUE|Acc]);
-transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([{'context-negotiation',Context_negot}|Rest],Acc) ->
-    {_,Presentation_Cid,Transfer_syntax} = Context_negot,
-    transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Rest,[Presentation_Cid,Transfer_syntax|Acc]);
-transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([asn1_NOVALUE|Rest],Acc) ->
-    transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Rest,[asn1_NOVALUE|Acc]);
-transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([Data_val_desc,Data_value],Acc) when is_list(Data_value)->
-    list_to_tuple(lists:reverse([{'octet-aligned',Data_value},
-				 Data_val_desc|Acc]));
-transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([Data_val_desc,Data_value],Acc)
-  when is_binary(Data_value)->
-    list_to_tuple(lists:reverse([{'single-ASN1-type',Data_value},
-				 Data_val_desc|Acc]));
-transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([Data_value],Acc)
-  when is_list(Data_value); is_binary(Data_value) ->
-    list_to_tuple(lists:reverse([{'octet-aligned',Data_value}|Acc])).
-
-
-transform_to_EXTERNAL1994(V={'EXTERNAL',DRef,IndRef,Data_v_desc,Encoding}) ->
-    Identification =
-	case {DRef,IndRef} of
-	    {DRef,asn1_NOVALUE} ->
-		{syntax,DRef};
-	    {asn1_NOVALUE,IndRef} ->
-		{'presentation-context-id',IndRef};
-	     _ ->
-		{'context-negotiation',
-		 {'EXTERNAL_identification_context-negotiation',IndRef,DRef}}
-	end,
-    case Encoding of
-	{_,Val} when is_list(Val);is_binary(Val) ->
-	    {'EXTERNAL',Identification,Data_v_desc,Val};
-	
-	_  ->
-	    V
-    end.
-
-
-%% dynamicsort_SET_components(Arg) -> 
-%% Res Arg -> list() 
-%% Res -> list()
-%% Sorts the elements in Arg according to the encoded tag in
-%% increasing order.
-dynamicsort_SET_components(ListOfEncCs) ->
-    BinL = lists:map(fun(X) -> list_to_binary(X) end,ListOfEncCs),
-    TagBinL = lists:map(fun(X) ->
-				{{T,_,TN},_,_} = asn1rt_ber_bin:decode_tag(X),
-				{{T,TN},X}
-			end,BinL),
-    ClassTagNoSorted = lists:keysort(1,TagBinL),
-    lists:map(fun({_,El}) -> El end,ClassTagNoSorted).
-
-%% dynamicsort_SETOF(Arg) -> Res
-%% Arg -> list()
-%% Res -> list()
-%% Sorts the elements in Arg in increasing size
-dynamicsort_SETOF(ListOfEncVal) ->
-    BinL = lists:map(fun(L) when is_list(L) -> list_to_binary(L);
-			(B) -> B end,ListOfEncVal),
-    lists:sort(BinL).
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_nif.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_nif.erl
index de1fb94816..0b2e5a62a5 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_nif.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_nif.erl
@@ -77,10 +77,31 @@ load_nif() ->
 	    Status
     end.
 
-encode_per_complete(_TagValueList) ->
+decode_ber_tlv(Binary) ->
+    case decode_ber_tlv_raw(Binary) of
+	{error,Reason} ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,Reason}});
+	Other ->
+	    Other
+    end.
+
+encode_per_complete(TagValueList) ->
+    case encode_per_complete_raw(TagValueList) of
+	{error,Reason} -> handle_error(Reason, TagValueList);
+	Other when is_binary(Other) -> Other
+    end.
+
+handle_error([], _)->
+    exit({error,{asn1,enomem}});
+handle_error($1, L) ->			 % error in complete in driver
+    exit({error,{asn1,L}});
+handle_error(ErrL, L) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,ErrL,L}}).
+
+encode_per_complete_raw(_TagValueList) ->
     erlang:nif_error({nif_not_loaded,module,?MODULE,line,?LINE}).
 
-decode_ber_tlv(_Binary) ->
+decode_ber_tlv_raw(_Binary) ->
     erlang:nif_error({nif_not_loaded,module,?MODULE,line,?LINE}).
 
 encode_ber_tlv(_TagValueList) ->
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_per_bin_rt2ct.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_per_bin_rt2ct.erl
deleted file mode 100644
index 5997232f13..0000000000
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_per_bin_rt2ct.erl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1587 +0,0 @@
-%%
-%% %CopyrightBegin%
-%% 
-%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2002-2012. All Rights Reserved.
-%% 
-%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
-%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
-%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
-%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
-%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
-%% 
-%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
-%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
-%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
-%% under the License.
-%% 
-%% %CopyrightEnd%
-%%
-%%
--module(asn1rt_per_bin_rt2ct).
-%% encoding / decoding of PER aligned
-
--include("asn1_records.hrl").
-
--export([decode_fragmented/3]).
--export([setchoiceext/1, setext/1, fixoptionals/3, fixextensions/2, 
-	 skipextensions/3, getbit/1, getchoice/3 ]).
--export([set_choice/3, encode_integer/2, encode_integer/3  ]).
--export([encode_small_number/1,
-	 encode_length/2,
-	 encode_small_length/1,
-	 decode_compact_bit_string/3]).
--export([encode_bit_string/3, decode_bit_string/3  ]).
--export([encode_octet_string/2,
-	 encode_object_identifier/1, decode_object_identifier/1,
-	 encode_real/1, decode_real/1,
-	 encode_relative_oid/1, decode_relative_oid/1,
-	 complete/1]).
-
--export([encode_open_type/2, decode_open_type/2]).
-
--export([encode_GeneralString/2, decode_GeneralString/2,
-	 encode_GraphicString/2, decode_GraphicString/2,
-	 encode_TeletexString/2, decode_TeletexString/2,
-	 encode_VideotexString/2, decode_VideotexString/2,
-	 encode_ObjectDescriptor/2, decode_ObjectDescriptor/1,
-	 encode_UTF8String/1,decode_UTF8String/1
-	]).
-
--export([encode_unconstrained_number/1,
-	 encode_octet_string/3,
-	 encode_known_multiplier_string/5,
-	 decode_known_multiplier_string/5]).
-
-
--export([eint_positive/1]).
--export([pre_complete_bits/2]).
-
--define('16K',16384).
--define('32K',32768).
--define('64K',65536).
-
-%%--------------------------------------------------------
-%% setchoiceext(InRootSet) -> [{bit,X}]
-%% X  is set to  1 when InRootSet==false
-%% X  is set to  0 when InRootSet==true
-%%
-setchoiceext(true) ->
-    [0];
-setchoiceext(false) ->
-    [1].
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% setext(true|false) ->  CompleteList
-%%
-
-setext(false) ->
-%    [{debug,ext},{bits,1,0}];
-    [0];
-setext(true) ->
-%    [{debug,ext},{bits,1,1}];
-    [1].
-
-fixoptionals(OptList,_OptLength,Val) when is_tuple(Val) ->
-%    Bits = fixoptionals(OptList,Val,0),
-%    {Val,{bits,OptLength,Bits}};
-%    {Val,[10,OptLength,Bits]};
-    {Val,fixoptionals(OptList,Val,[])};
-
-fixoptionals([],_,Acc) ->
-    %% Optbits
-    lists:reverse(Acc);
-fixoptionals([{Pos,DefVal}|Ot],Val,Acc) ->
-    case element(Pos,Val) of
-	asn1_DEFAULT -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,[0|Acc]);
-	DefVal -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,[0|Acc]);
-	_ -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,[1|Acc])
-    end;
-fixoptionals([Pos|Ot],Val,Acc) ->
-    case element(Pos,Val) of
-	asn1_NOVALUE -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,[0|Acc]);
-	asn1_DEFAULT -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,[0|Acc]);
-	_ -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,[1|Acc])
-    end.
-
-
-fixextensions({ext,ExtPos,ExtNum},Val) ->
-    case fixextensions(ExtPos,ExtNum+ExtPos,Val,0) of
-	0 -> [];
-	ExtBits ->
-	    [encode_small_length(ExtNum),pre_complete_bits(ExtNum,ExtBits)]
-    end.
-
-fixextensions(Pos,MaxPos,_,Acc) when Pos >= MaxPos ->
-    Acc;
-fixextensions(Pos,ExtPos,Val,Acc) ->
-    Bit = case catch(element(Pos+1,Val)) of
-	      asn1_NOVALUE ->
-		  0;
-	      asn1_NOEXTVALUE ->
-		  0;
-	      {'EXIT',_} ->
-		  0;
-	      _ ->
-		  1
-	  end,
-    fixextensions(Pos+1,ExtPos,Val,(Acc bsl 1)+Bit).
-
-skipextensions(Bytes,Nr,ExtensionBitstr) when is_bitstring(ExtensionBitstr) -> 
-    Prev = Nr - 1,
-    case ExtensionBitstr of
-	<<_:Prev,1:1,_/bitstring>> ->
-	    {_,Bytes2} = decode_open_type(Bytes,[]),
- 	    skipextensions(Bytes2, Nr+1, ExtensionBitstr);
-	<<_:Prev,0:1,_/bitstring>> ->
-	    skipextensions(Bytes, Nr+1, ExtensionBitstr);
-	_ ->
-	    Bytes
-    end.
-	
-
-getchoice(Bytes,1,0) -> % only 1 alternative is not encoded
-    {0,Bytes};
-getchoice(Bytes,_,1) ->
-    decode_small_number(Bytes);
-getchoice(Bytes,NumChoices,0) ->
-    decode_constrained_number(Bytes,{0,NumChoices-1}).
-
-
-%% getbits_as_binary(Num,Bytes) -> {Bin,Rest}
-%% Num = integer(),
-%% Bytes = bitstring(),
-%% Bin = bitstring(),
-%% Rest = bitstring()
-getbits_as_binary(Num,Bytes) when is_bitstring(Bytes) ->
-    <<BS:Num/bitstring,Rest/bitstring>> = Bytes,
-    {BS,Rest}.
-    
-getbits_as_list(Num,Bytes) when is_bitstring(Bytes) ->
-    <<BitStr:Num/bitstring,Rest/bitstring>> = Bytes,
-    {[ B || <<B:1>> <= BitStr],Rest}.
-
-
-getbit(Buffer) ->
-    <<B:1,Rest/bitstring>> = Buffer,
-    {B,Rest}.
-
-
-getbits(Buffer,Num) when is_bitstring(Buffer) ->
-    <<Bs:Num,Rest/bitstring>> = Buffer,
-    {Bs,Rest}.
-
-align(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
-    Bin;
-align(BitStr) when is_bitstring(BitStr) ->
-    AlignBits = bit_size(BitStr) rem 8,
-    <<_:AlignBits,Rest/binary>> = BitStr,
-    Rest.
-
-
-%% First align buffer, then pick the first Num octets.
-%% Returns octets as an integer with bit significance as in buffer.
-getoctets(Buffer,Num) when is_binary(Buffer) ->
-    <<Val:Num/integer-unit:8,RestBin/binary>> = Buffer,
-    {Val,RestBin};
-getoctets(Buffer,Num) when is_bitstring(Buffer) ->
-    AlignBits = bit_size(Buffer) rem 8,
-    <<_:AlignBits,Val:Num/integer-unit:8,RestBin/binary>> = Buffer,
-    {Val,RestBin}.
-
-
-%% First align buffer, then pick the first Num octets.
-%% Returns octets as a binary
-getoctets_as_bin(Bin,Num) when is_binary(Bin) ->
-    <<Octets:Num/binary,RestBin/binary>> = Bin,
-    {Octets,RestBin};
-getoctets_as_bin(Bin,Num) when is_bitstring(Bin) ->
-    AlignBits = bit_size(Bin) rem 8,
-    <<_:AlignBits,Val:Num/binary,RestBin/binary>> = Bin,
-    {Val,RestBin}.
-    
-
-%% same as above but returns octets as a List
-getoctets_as_list(Buffer,Num) ->
-    {Bin,Buffer2} = getoctets_as_bin(Buffer,Num),
-    {binary_to_list(Bin),Buffer2}.
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% set_choice(Alt,Choices,Altnum) -> ListofBitSettings
-%% Alt = atom()
-%% Altnum = integer() | {integer(),integer()}% number of alternatives
-%% Choices = [atom()] | {[atom()],[atom()]}
-%% When Choices is a tuple the first list is the Rootset and the
-%% second is the Extensions and then Altnum must also be a tuple with the
-%% lengths of the 2 lists 
-%%
-set_choice(Alt,{L1,L2},{Len1,_Len2}) ->
-    case set_choice_tag(Alt,L1) of
-	N when is_integer(N), Len1 > 1 ->
-%	    [{bits,1,0}, % the value is in the root set
-%	     encode_constrained_number({0,Len1-1},N)];
-	    [0, % the value is in the root set
-	     encode_constrained_number({0,Len1-1},N)];
-	N when is_integer(N) ->
-%	    [{bits,1,0}]; % no encoding if only 0 or 1 alternative
-	    [0]; % no encoding if only 0 or 1 alternative
-	false ->
-%	    [{bits,1,1}, % extension value
-	    [1, % extension value
-	     case set_choice_tag(Alt,L2) of
-		 N2 when is_integer(N2) ->
-		     encode_small_number(N2);
-		 false ->
-		     unknown_choice_alt
-	     end]
-    end;
-set_choice(Alt,L,Len) ->
-    case set_choice_tag(Alt,L) of
-	N when is_integer(N), Len > 1 ->
-	    encode_constrained_number({0,Len-1},N);
-	N when is_integer(N) ->
-	    []; % no encoding if only 0 or 1 alternative
-	false ->
-	    [unknown_choice_alt]
-    end.
-
-set_choice_tag(Alt,Choices) ->
-    set_choice_tag(Alt,Choices,0).
-
-set_choice_tag(Alt,[Alt|_Rest],Tag) ->
-    Tag;
-set_choice_tag(Alt,[_H|Rest],Tag) ->
-    set_choice_tag(Alt,Rest,Tag+1);
-set_choice_tag(_Alt,[],_Tag) ->
-    false.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% decode_fragmented_XXX; decode of values encoded fragmented according
-%% to ITU-T X.691 clause 10.9.3.8. The unit (XXX) is either bits, octets,
-%% characters or number of components (in a choice,sequence or similar).
-%% Buffer is a buffer binary().
-%% C is the constrained length.
-%% If the buffer is not aligned, this function does that.
-decode_fragmented_bits(Buffer,C) when is_binary(Buffer) ->
-    decode_fragmented_bits(Buffer,C,[]);
-decode_fragmented_bits(Buffer,C) when is_bitstring(Buffer) ->
-    AlignBits = bit_size(Buffer) rem 8,
-    <<_:AlignBits,Rest/binary>> = Buffer,
-    decode_fragmented_bits(Rest,C,[]).
-
-decode_fragmented_bits(<<3:2,Len:6,Bin/binary>>,C,Acc) ->
-    {Value,Bin2} = split_binary(Bin, Len * ?'16K'), % Len = 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
-    decode_fragmented_bits(Bin2,C,[Value|Acc]);
-decode_fragmented_bits(<<0:1,0:7,Bin/binary>>,C,Acc) ->
-    BinBits = erlang:list_to_bitstring(lists:reverse(Acc)),
-    case C of
-	Int when is_integer(Int),C == bit_size(BinBits) ->
-	    {BinBits,Bin};
-	Int when is_integer(Int) ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,C,BinBits}}})
-    end;
-decode_fragmented_bits(<<0:1,Len:7,Bin/binary>>,C,Acc) ->
-    <<Value:Len/bitstring,Rest/bitstring>> = Bin,
-    BinBits = erlang:list_to_bitstring([Value|Acc]),
-    case C of
-	Int when is_integer(Int),C == bit_size(BinBits) ->
-	    {BinBits,Rest};
-	Int when is_integer(Int) ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,C,BinBits}}})
-    end.
-
-    
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% encode_open_type(Constraint, Value) -> CompleteList
-%% Value = list of bytes of an already encoded value (the list must be flat)
-%%         | binary
-%% Contraint = not used in this version
-%%
-encode_open_type(_Constraint, Val) when is_list(Val) ->
-    Bin = list_to_binary(Val),
-    case size(Bin) of 
-	Size when Size>255 ->
-	    [encode_length(undefined,Size),[21,<<Size:16>>,Bin]];
-	Size ->
-	    [encode_length(undefined,Size),[20,Size,Bin]]
-    end;
-encode_open_type(_Constraint, Val) when is_binary(Val) ->
-    case size(Val) of
-	Size when Size>255 ->
-	    [encode_length(undefined,size(Val)),[21,<<Size:16>>,Val]]; % octets implies align
-	Size ->
-	    [encode_length(undefined,Size),[20,Size,Val]]
-    end.
-%% the binary_to_list is not optimal but compatible with the current solution
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% decode_open_type(Buffer,Constraint) -> Value
-%% Constraint is not used in this version
-%% Buffer = [byte] with PER encoded data 
-%% Value = [byte] with decoded data (which must be decoded again as some type)
-%%
-decode_open_type(Bytes, _Constraint) ->
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    getoctets_as_bin(Bytes2,Len).
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% encode_integer(Constraint,Value,NamedNumberList) -> CompleteList
-%% encode_integer(Constraint,Value) -> CompleteList
-%% encode_integer(Constraint,{Name,Value}) -> CompleteList
-%% 
-%%
-encode_integer(C,V,NamedNumberList) when is_atom(V) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(V,1,NamedNumberList) of
-	{value,{_,NewV}} -> 
-	    encode_integer(C,NewV);
-	_ -> 
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{namednumber,V}}})
-    end;
-encode_integer(C,V,_NamedNumberList) when is_integer(V) ->
-    encode_integer(C,V);
-encode_integer(C,{Name,V},NamedNumberList) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_integer(C,V,NamedNumberList).
-
-encode_integer(C,{Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_integer(C,Val);
-
-encode_integer([{Rc,_Ec}],Val) when is_tuple(Rc) -> % XXX when is this invoked? First argument most often a list,...Ok this is the extension case...but it doesn't work.
-    case (catch encode_integer([Rc],Val)) of
-	{'EXIT',{error,{asn1,_}}} ->
-%	    [{bits,1,1},encode_unconstrained_number(Val)];
-	    [1,encode_unconstrained_number(Val)];
-	Encoded ->
-%	    [{bits,1,0},Encoded]
-	    [0,Encoded]
-    end;
-
-encode_integer([],Val) ->
-    encode_unconstrained_number(Val);
-%% The constraint is the effective constraint, and in this case is a number
-encode_integer([{'SingleValue',V}],V) ->
-    [];
-encode_integer([{'ValueRange',VR={Lb,Ub},Range,PreEnc}],Val) when Val >= Lb,
-						Ub >= Val ->
-    %% this case when NamedNumberList
-    encode_constrained_number(VR,Range,PreEnc,Val);
-encode_integer([{'ValueRange',{Lb,'MAX'}}],Val) ->
-    encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb,Val);
-encode_integer([{'ValueRange',{'MIN',_}}],Val) ->
-    encode_unconstrained_number(Val);
-encode_integer([{'ValueRange',VR={_Lb,_Ub}}],Val) ->
-    encode_constrained_number(VR,Val);
-encode_integer(_,Val) ->
-    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,Val}}}).
-
-    
-%% X.691:10.6 Encoding of a normally small non-negative whole number
-%% Use this for encoding of CHOICE index if there is an extension marker in 
-%% the CHOICE
-encode_small_number({Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_small_number(Val);
-encode_small_number(Val) when Val =< 63 ->
-%    [{bits,1,0},{bits,6,Val}];
-%    [{bits,7,Val}]; % same as above but more efficient
-    [10,7,Val]; % same as above but more efficient
-encode_small_number(Val) ->
-%    [{bits,1,1},encode_semi_constrained_number(0,Val)].
-    [1,encode_semi_constrained_number(0,Val)].
-
-decode_small_number(Bytes) ->
-    {Bit,Bytes2} = getbit(Bytes),
-    case Bit of
-	0 -> 
-	    getbits(Bytes2,6);
-	1 ->
-	    decode_semi_constrained_number(Bytes2)
-    end.
-
-%% X.691:10.7 Encoding of a semi-constrained whole number
-%% might be an optimization encode_semi_constrained_number(0,Val) ->
-encode_semi_constrained_number(C,{Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_semi_constrained_number(C,Val);
-encode_semi_constrained_number({Lb,'MAX'},Val) ->
-    encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb,Val);
-encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb,Val) ->
-    Val2 = Val - Lb,
-    Oct = eint_positive(Val2),
-    Len = length(Oct),
-    if 
-	Len < 128 ->
-	    %{octets,[Len|Oct]}; % equiv with encode_length(undefined,Len) but faster
-	    [20,Len+1,[Len|Oct]];
-	Len < 256 ->
-	    [encode_length(undefined,Len),[20,Len,Oct]];
-	true ->
-	    [encode_length(undefined,Len),[21,<<Len:16>>,Oct]]
-    end.
-
-decode_semi_constrained_number(Bytes) ->
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    {V,Bytes3} = getoctets(Bytes2,Len),
-    {V,Bytes3}.
-
-encode_constrained_number({Lb,_Ub},_Range,{bits,N},Val) ->
-    Val2 = Val-Lb,
-%    {bits,N,Val2};
-    [10,N,Val2];
-encode_constrained_number({Lb,_Ub},_Range,{octets,N},Val) when N < 256->
-    %% N is 8 or 16 (1 or 2 octets)
-    Val2 = Val-Lb,
-%    {octets,<<Val2:N/unit:8>>};
-    [20,N,Val2];
-encode_constrained_number({Lb,_Ub},_Range,{octets,N},Val) -> % N>255
-    %% N is 8 or 16 (1 or 2 octets)
-    Val2 = Val-Lb,
-%    {octets,<<Val2:N/unit:8>>};
-    [21,<<N:16>>,Val2];
-encode_constrained_number({Lb,_Ub},Range,_,Val) ->
-    Val2 = Val-Lb,
-    if
-	Range =< 16#1000000  -> % max 3 octets
-	    Octs = eint_positive(Val2),
-%	    [encode_length({1,3},size(Octs)),{octets,Octs}];
-	    L = length(Octs),
-	    [encode_length({1,3},L),[20,L,Octs]];
-	Range =< 16#100000000  -> % max 4 octets
-	    Octs = eint_positive(Val2),
-%	    [encode_length({1,4},size(Octs)),{octets,Octs}];
-	    L = length(Octs),
-	    [encode_length({1,4},L),[20,L,Octs]];
-	Range =< 16#10000000000  -> % max 5 octets
-	    Octs = eint_positive(Val2),
-%	    [encode_length({1,5},size(Octs)),{octets,Octs}];
-	    L = length(Octs),
-	    [encode_length({1,5},L),[20,L,Octs]];
-	true  ->
-	    exit({not_supported,{integer_range,Range}})
-    end.
-
-encode_constrained_number(Range,{Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_constrained_number(Range,Val);
-encode_constrained_number({Lb,Ub},Val) when Val >= Lb, Ub >= Val -> 
-    Range = Ub - Lb + 1,
-    Val2 = Val - Lb,
-    if 
-	Range  == 1 -> [];
-	Range  == 2 ->
-%	    Size = {bits,1,Val2};
-	    [Val2];
-	Range  =< 4 -> 
-%	    Size = {bits,2,Val2};
-	    [10,2,Val2];
-	Range  =< 8 ->
-	    [10,3,Val2];
-	Range  =< 16 ->
-	    [10,4,Val2];
-	Range  =< 32 ->
-	    [10,5,Val2];
-	Range  =< 64 ->
-	    [10,6,Val2];
-	Range  =< 128 ->
-	    [10,7,Val2];
-	Range  =< 255 ->
-	    [10,8,Val2];
-	Range  =< 256 ->
-%	    Size = {octets,[Val2]};
-	    [20,1,Val2];
-	Range  =< 65536 ->
-%	    Size = {octets,<<Val2:16>>};
-	    [20,2,<<Val2:16>>];
-	Range =< (1 bsl (255*8))  ->
-            Octs = binary:encode_unsigned(Val2),
-            RangeOcts = binary:encode_unsigned(Range - 1),
-            OctsLen = erlang:byte_size(Octs),
-            RangeOctsLen = erlang:byte_size(RangeOcts),
-            LengthBitsNeeded = minimum_bits(RangeOctsLen - 1),
-            [10,LengthBitsNeeded,OctsLen-1,20,OctsLen,Octs];
-	true  ->
-	    exit({not_supported,{integer_range,Range}})
-    end;
-encode_constrained_number({_,_},Val) -> 
-    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,Val}}}).
-
-decode_constrained_number(Buffer,VR={Lb,Ub}) ->
-    Range = Ub - Lb + 1,
-    decode_constrained_number(Buffer,VR,Range).
-
-decode_constrained_number(Buffer,{Lb,_Ub},Range) ->
-						%    Val2 = Val - Lb,
-    {Val,Remain} = 
-	if 
-	    Range  == 1 ->
-		{0,Buffer};
-	    Range  == 2 ->
-		getbits(Buffer,1);
-	    Range  =< 4 -> 
-		getbits(Buffer,2);
-	    Range  =< 8 ->
-		getbits(Buffer,3);
-	    Range  =< 16 ->
-		getbits(Buffer,4);
-	    Range  =< 32 ->
-		getbits(Buffer,5);
-	    Range  =< 64 ->
-		getbits(Buffer,6);
-	    Range  =< 128 ->
-		getbits(Buffer,7);
-	    Range  =< 255 ->
-		getbits(Buffer,8);
-	    Range  =< 256 ->
-		getoctets(Buffer,1);
-	    Range  =< 65536 ->
-		getoctets(Buffer,2);
-            Range =< (1 bsl (255*8))  ->
-                OList = binary:bin_to_list(binary:encode_unsigned(Range - 1)),
-                RangeOctLen = length(OList),
-                {Len, Bytes} = decode_length(Buffer, {1, RangeOctLen}),
-                {Octs, RestBytes} = getoctets_as_bin(Bytes, Len),
-                {binary:decode_unsigned(Octs), RestBytes};
-	    true  ->
-		exit({not_supported,{integer_range,Range}})
-	end,
-    {Val+Lb,Remain}.
-
-%% For some reason the minimum bits needed in the length field in
-%% the encoding of constrained whole numbers must always be at least 2?
-minimum_bits(N) when N < 4 -> 2;
-minimum_bits(N) when N < 8 -> 3;
-minimum_bits(N) when N < 16 -> 4;
-minimum_bits(N) when N < 32 -> 5;
-minimum_bits(N) when N < 64 -> 6;
-minimum_bits(N) when N < 128 -> 7;
-minimum_bits(_N) -> 8.
-
-%% X.691:10.8 Encoding of an unconstrained whole number
-
-encode_unconstrained_number(Val) when Val >= 0 ->
-    Oct = eint(Val,[]),
-    Len = length(Oct),
-    if 
-	Len < 128 ->
-	    %{octets,[Len|Oct]}; % equiv with encode_length(undefined,Len) but faster
-	    [20,Len+1,[Len|Oct]];
-	Len < 256 ->
-%	    [encode_length(undefined,Len),20,Len,Oct];
-	    [20,Len+2,<<2:2,Len:14>>,Oct];% equiv with encode_length(undefined,Len) but faster
-	true ->
-%	    [encode_length(undefined,Len),{octets,Oct}]
-	    [encode_length(undefined,Len),[21,<<Len:16>>,Oct]]
-    end;
-encode_unconstrained_number(Val) -> % negative
-    Oct = enint(Val,[]),
-    Len = length(Oct),
-    if 
-	Len < 128 ->
-%	    {octets,[Len|Oct]}; % equiv with encode_length(undefined,Len) but faster
-	    [20,Len+1,[Len|Oct]];% equiv with encode_length(undefined,Len) but faster
-	Len < 256 ->
-%	    [encode_length(undefined,Len),20,Len,Oct];
-	    [20,Len+2,<<2:2,Len:14>>,Oct];% equiv with encode_length(undefined,Len) but faster
-	true ->
-	    %[encode_length(undefined,Len),{octets,Oct}]
-	    [encode_length(undefined,Len),[21,<<Len:16>>,Oct]]
-    end.
-
-
-%% used for positive Values which don't need a sign bit
-%% returns a list
-eint_positive(Val) ->
-    case eint(Val,[]) of
-	[0,B1|T] ->
-	    [B1|T];
-	T -> 
-	    T
-    end.
-
-
-eint(0, [B|Acc]) when B < 128 ->
-    [B|Acc];
-eint(N, Acc) ->
-    eint(N bsr 8, [N band 16#ff| Acc]).
-
-enint(-1, [B1|T]) when B1 > 127 ->
-    [B1|T];
-enint(N, Acc) ->
-    enint(N bsr 8, [N band 16#ff|Acc]).
-
-%% X.691:10.9 Encoding of a length determinant
-%%encode_small_length(undefined,Len) -> % null means no UpperBound
-%%    encode_small_number(Len).
-
-%% X.691:10.9.3.5 
-%% X.691:10.9.3.7
-encode_length(undefined,Len) -> % un-constrained
-    if 
-	Len < 128 ->
-%	    {octets,[Len]};
-	    [20,1,Len];
-	Len < 16384 ->
-	    %{octets,<<2:2,Len:14>>};
-	    [20,2,<<2:2,Len:14>>];
-	true  -> % should be able to endode length >= 16384 i.e. fragmented length
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{encode_length,{nyi,above_16k}}}})
-    end;
-
-encode_length({0,'MAX'},Len) ->
-    encode_length(undefined,Len);
-encode_length(Vr={Lb,Ub},Len) when Ub =< 65535 ,Lb >= 0 -> % constrained
-    encode_constrained_number(Vr,Len);
-encode_length({Lb,_Ub},Len) when is_integer(Lb), Lb >= 0 -> % Ub > 65535
-    encode_length(undefined,Len);
-encode_length({Vr={Lb,Ub},Ext},Len) 
-  when Ub =< 65535 ,Lb >= 0,Len=<Ub, is_list(Ext) -> 
-    %% constrained extensible 
-    [0,encode_constrained_number(Vr,Len)];
-encode_length({{Lb,_},Ext},Len) when is_list(Ext) -> 
-    [1,encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb,Len)];
-encode_length(SingleValue,_Len) when is_integer(SingleValue) ->
-    [].
-
-%% X.691 10.9.3.4 (only used for length of bitmap that prefixes extension 
-%% additions in a sequence or set
-encode_small_length(Len) when Len =< 64 ->
-%%    [{bits,1,0},{bits,6,Len-1}];
-%    {bits,7,Len-1}; % the same as above but more efficient
-    [10,7,Len-1];
-encode_small_length(Len) ->
-%    [{bits,1,1},encode_length(undefined,Len)].
-    [1,encode_length(undefined,Len)].
-
-
-decode_length(Buffer,undefined)  -> % un-constrained
-    case align(Buffer) of
-	<<0:1,Oct:7,Rest/binary>> ->
-	    {Oct,Rest};
-	<<2:2,Val:14,Rest/binary>> ->
-	    {Val,Rest};
-	<<3:2,_Val:14,_Rest/binary>> ->
-	    %% this case should be fixed
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{decode_length,{nyi,above_16k}}}})
-    end;
-
-decode_length(Buffer,{Lb,Ub}) when Ub =< 65535 ,Lb >= 0 -> % constrained
-    decode_constrained_number(Buffer,{Lb,Ub});
-decode_length(Buffer,{Lb,_Ub}) when is_integer(Lb), Lb >= 0 -> % Ub > 65535
-    decode_length(Buffer,undefined);
-decode_length(Buffer,{{Lb,Ub},Ext}) when is_list(Ext) -> 
-    case getbit(Buffer) of
-	{0,Buffer2} ->
-	    decode_length(Buffer2, {Lb,Ub});
-	{1,Buffer2} ->
-	    decode_length(Buffer2, undefined)
-    end;
-
-
-%When does this case occur with {_,_Lb,Ub} ??
-% X.691:10.9.3.5 
-decode_length(Bin,{_,_Lb,_Ub}) -> % Unconstrained or large Ub NOTE! this case does not cover case when Ub > 65535
-    case Bin of
-	<<0:1,Val:7,Rest/bitstring>> -> 
-	    {Val,Rest};
-	_ ->
-	    case align(Bin) of
-		<<2:2,Val:14,Rest/binary>> -> 
-		    {Val,Rest};
-		<<3:2,_:14,_Rest/binary>> -> 
-		    exit({error,{asn1,{decode_length,{nyi,length_above_64K}}}})
-	    end
-    end;
-decode_length(Buffer,SingleValue) when is_integer(SingleValue) ->
-    {SingleValue,Buffer}.
-
-
-
-%%===============================================================================
-%%===============================================================================
-%%===============================================================================
-%% Bitstring value, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.5
-%%===============================================================================
-%%===============================================================================
-%%===============================================================================
-
-%%===============================================================================
-%% encode bitstring value
-%%===============================================================================
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% bitstring NamedBitList
-%% Val can be  of:
-%% - [identifiers] where only named identifers are set to one, 
-%%   the Constraint must then have some information of the 
-%%   bitlength.
-%% - [list of ones and zeroes] all bits 
-%% - integer value representing the bitlist
-%% C is constraint Len, only valid when identifiers
-
-
-%% when the value is a list of {Unused,BinBits}, where 
-%% Unused = integer(),
-%% BinBits = binary().
-
-encode_bit_string(C,Bin={Unused,BinBits},NamedBitList) when is_integer(Unused),
-							    is_binary(BinBits) ->
-    encode_bin_bit_string(C,Bin,NamedBitList);
-
-%% when the value is a list of named bits
-
-encode_bit_string(C, LoNB=[FirstVal | _RestVal], NamedBitList) when is_atom(FirstVal) ->
-    ToSetPos = get_all_bitposes(LoNB, NamedBitList, []),
-    BitList = make_and_set_list(ToSetPos,0),
-    encode_bit_string(C,BitList,NamedBitList);% consider the constraint
-
-encode_bit_string(C, BL=[{bit,_} | _RestVal], NamedBitList) ->
-    ToSetPos = get_all_bitposes(BL, NamedBitList, []),
-    BitList = make_and_set_list(ToSetPos,0),
-    encode_bit_string(C,BitList,NamedBitList);
-
-%% when the value is a list of ones and zeroes
-encode_bit_string(Int, BitListValue, _) 
-  when is_list(BitListValue),is_integer(Int),Int =< 16 ->
-    %% The type is constrained by a single value size constraint
-    %% range_check(Int,length(BitListValue)),
-    [40,Int,length(BitListValue),BitListValue];
-encode_bit_string(Int, BitListValue, _) 
-  when is_list(BitListValue),is_integer(Int), Int =< 255 ->
-    %% The type is constrained by a single value size constraint
-    %% range_check(Int,length(BitListValue)),
-    [2,40,Int,length(BitListValue),BitListValue];
-encode_bit_string(Int, BitListValue, _) 
-  when is_list(BitListValue),is_integer(Int), Int < ?'64K' ->
-    {Code,DesiredLength,Length} = 
-	case length(BitListValue) of
-	    B1 when B1 > Int ->
-		exit({error,{'BIT_STRING_length_greater_than_SIZE',
-			     Int,BitListValue}});
-	    B1 when B1 =< 255,Int =< 255 ->
-		{40,Int,B1};
-	    B1 when B1 =< 255 ->
-		{42,<<Int:16>>,B1};
-	    B1 ->
-		{43,<<Int:16>>,<<B1:16>>}
-	end,
-    %% The type is constrained by a single value size constraint
-    [2,Code,DesiredLength,Length,BitListValue];
-encode_bit_string(no, BitListValue,[]) 
-  when is_list(BitListValue) ->
-    [encode_length(undefined,length(BitListValue)),
-     2,BitListValue];
-encode_bit_string({{Fix,Fix},Ext}, BitListValue,[]) 
-  when is_integer(Fix), is_list(Ext) ->
-    case length(BitListValue) of
-	Len when Len =< Fix ->
-	    [0,encode_bit_string(Fix,BitListValue,[])];
-	_ ->
-	    [1,encode_bit_string(no,BitListValue,[])]
-    end;
-encode_bit_string(C, BitListValue,[]) 
-  when is_list(BitListValue) ->
-    [encode_length(C,length(BitListValue)),
-     2,BitListValue];
-encode_bit_string(no, BitListValue,_NamedBitList) 
-  when is_list(BitListValue) ->
-    %% this case with an unconstrained BIT STRING can be made more efficient
-    %% if the complete driver can take a special code so the length field
-    %% is encoded there.
-    NewBitLVal = lists:reverse(lists:dropwhile(fun(0)->true;(1)->false end,
-					    lists:reverse(BitListValue))),
-    [encode_length(undefined,length(NewBitLVal)),
-     2,NewBitLVal];
-encode_bit_string({{Fix,Fix},Ext}, BitListValue,_NamedBitList) 
-  when is_integer(Fix), is_list(Ext) ->
-    case length(BitListValue) of
-	Len when Len =< Fix ->
-	    [0,encode_bit_string(Fix,BitListValue,_NamedBitList)];
-	_ ->
-	    [1,encode_bit_string(no,BitListValue,_NamedBitList)]
-    end;
-encode_bit_string(C,BitListValue,_NamedBitList) 
-  when is_list(BitListValue) ->% C = {_,'MAX'}
-%     NewBitLVal = lists:reverse(lists:dropwhile(fun(0)->true;(1)->false end,
-% 					    lists:reverse(BitListValue))),
-    NewBitLVal = bit_string_trailing_zeros(BitListValue,C),
-    [encode_length(C,length(NewBitLVal)),
-     2,NewBitLVal]; 
-
-
-%% when the value is an integer
-encode_bit_string(C, IntegerVal, NamedBitList) when is_integer(IntegerVal)->
-    BitList = int_to_bitlist(IntegerVal),
-    encode_bit_string(C,BitList,NamedBitList);
-
-%% when the value is a tuple
-encode_bit_string(C,{Name,Val}, NamedBitList) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_bit_string(C,Val,NamedBitList).
-
-bit_string_trailing_zeros(BitList,C) when is_integer(C) ->
-    bit_string_trailing_zeros1(BitList,C,C);
-bit_string_trailing_zeros(BitList,{Lb,Ub}) when is_integer(Lb) ->
-    bit_string_trailing_zeros1(BitList,Lb,Ub);
-bit_string_trailing_zeros(BitList,{{Lb,Ub},_}) when is_integer(Lb) ->
-    bit_string_trailing_zeros1(BitList,Lb,Ub);
-bit_string_trailing_zeros(BitList,_) ->
-    BitList.
-
-bit_string_trailing_zeros1(BitList,Lb,Ub) ->
-    case length(BitList) of
-	Lb -> BitList;
-	B when B<Lb -> BitList++lists:duplicate(Lb-B,0);
-	D -> F = fun(L,LB,LB,_,_)->lists:reverse(L);
-		    ([0|R],L1,LB,UB,Fun)->Fun(R,L1-1,LB,UB,Fun);
-		    (L,L1,_,UB,_)when L1 =< UB -> lists:reverse(L);
-		    (_,_L1,_,_,_) ->exit({error,{list_length_BIT_STRING,
-						 BitList}}) end,
-	     F(lists:reverse(BitList),D,Lb,Ub,F)
-    end.
-
-%% encode_bin_bit_string/3, when value is a tuple of Unused and BinBits.
-%% Unused = integer(),i.e. number unused bits in least sign. byte of
-%% BinBits = binary().
-encode_bin_bit_string(C,{Unused,BinBits},_NamedBitList)
-  when is_integer(C),C=<16 ->
-    range_check(C,bit_size(BinBits) - Unused),
-    [45,C,size(BinBits),BinBits];
-encode_bin_bit_string(C,{Unused,BinBits},_NamedBitList)
-  when is_integer(C), C =< 255 ->
-    range_check(C,bit_size(BinBits) - Unused),
-    [2,45,C,size(BinBits),BinBits];
-encode_bin_bit_string(C,{Unused,BinBits},_NamedBitList)
-  when is_integer(C), C =< 65535 ->
-    range_check(C,bit_size(BinBits) - Unused),
-    case size(BinBits) of
-	Size when Size =< 255 ->
-	    [2,46,<<C:16>>,Size,BinBits];
-	Size ->
-	    [2,47,<<C:16>>,<<Size:16>>,BinBits]
-    end;
-%% encode_bin_bit_string(C,{_Unused,BinBits},_NamedBitList)
-%%   when is_integer(C) ->
-%%     exit({error,{asn1, {bitstring_size, not_supported, C}}});
-encode_bin_bit_string(C,UnusedAndBin={_,_},NamedBitList) ->
-%    UnusedAndBin1 = {Unused1,Bin1} = 
-    {Unused1,Bin1} = 
-	%% removes all trailing bits if NamedBitList is not empty
-	remove_trailing_bin(NamedBitList,UnusedAndBin),
-    case C of
-	{Lb,Ub} when is_integer(Lb),is_integer(Ub) ->
-%	    [encode_length({Lb,Ub},size(Bin1)*8 - Unused1),
-%	     align,UnusedAndBin1];
-	    Size=size(Bin1),
-	    [encode_length({Lb,Ub},Size*8 - Unused1),
-	     2,octets_unused_to_complete(Unused1,Size,Bin1)];
-	no ->
-	    Size=size(Bin1),
-	    [encode_length(undefined,Size*8 - Unused1),
-	     2,octets_unused_to_complete(Unused1,Size,Bin1)];
-	{{Fix,Fix},Ext} when is_integer(Fix),is_list(Ext) ->
-	    %%[encode_length(Sc,size(Bin1)*8 - Unused1),
-	    case size(Bin1)*8 - Unused1 of
-		Size when Size =< Fix  ->
-		    [0,encode_bin_bit_string(Fix,UnusedAndBin,NamedBitList)];
-		_Size ->
-		    [1,encode_bin_bit_string(no,UnusedAndBin,NamedBitList)]
-	    end;
-	Sc -> 
-	    Size=size(Bin1),
-	    [encode_length(Sc,Size*8 - Unused1),
-	     2,octets_unused_to_complete(Unused1,Size,Bin1)]
-    end.
-
-range_check(C,C) when is_integer(C) ->
-    ok;
-range_check(C1,C2) when is_integer(C1) ->
-    exit({error,{asn1,{bit_string_out_of_range,{C1,C2}}}}).
-
-remove_trailing_bin([], {Unused,Bin}) ->
-    {Unused,Bin};
-remove_trailing_bin(_NamedNumberList,{_Unused,<<>>}) ->
-    {0,<<>>};
-remove_trailing_bin(NamedNumberList, {_Unused,Bin}) ->
-    Size = size(Bin)-1,
-    <<Bfront:Size/binary, LastByte:8>> = Bin,
-    %% clear the Unused bits to be sure
-%    LastByte1 = LastByte band (((1 bsl Unused) -1) bxor 255),% why this???
-    Unused1 = trailingZeroesInNibble(LastByte band 15),
-    Unused2 = 
-	case Unused1 of 
-	    4 ->
-		4 + trailingZeroesInNibble(LastByte bsr 4);
-	    _ -> Unused1
-	end,
-    case Unused2 of
-	8 ->
-	    remove_trailing_bin(NamedNumberList,{0,Bfront});
-	_ ->
-	    {Unused2,Bin}
-    end.
-
-
-trailingZeroesInNibble(0) ->
-    4;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(1) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(2) ->
-    1;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(3) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(4) ->
-    2;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(5) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(6) ->
-    1;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(7) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(8) ->
-    3;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(9) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(10) ->
-    1;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(11) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(12) -> %#1100
-    2;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(13) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(14) ->
-    1;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(15) ->
-    0.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% The result is presented as a list of named bits (if possible)
-%% else as a tuple {Unused,Bits}. Unused is the number of unused
-%% bits, least significant bits in the last byte of Bits. Bits is
-%% the BIT STRING represented as a binary.
-%% 
-decode_compact_bit_string(Buffer, C, NamedNumberList) ->
-    case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of
-	0 -> % fixed length
-	    {{8,0},Buffer};
-	V when is_integer(V),V=<16 -> %fixed length 16 bits or less
-	    compact_bit_string(Buffer,V,NamedNumberList);
-	V when is_integer(V),V=<65536 -> %fixed length > 16 bits
-	    Bytes2 = align(Buffer),
-	    compact_bit_string(Bytes2,V,NamedNumberList);
-	V when is_integer(V) -> % V > 65536 => fragmented value
-	    {BitStr,Buffer2} = decode_fragmented_bits(Buffer,V),
-	    case bit_size(BitStr) band 7 of
-		0 -> {{0,BitStr},Buffer2};
-		N -> {{8-N,<<BitStr/bitstring,0:(8-N)>>},Buffer2}
-	    end;
-	{Lb,Ub} when is_integer(Lb),is_integer(Ub) ->
-	    %% This case may demand decoding of fragmented length/value
-	    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Buffer,{Lb,Ub}),
-	    Bytes3 = align(Bytes2),
-	    compact_bit_string(Bytes3,Len,NamedNumberList);
-	no ->
-	    %% This case may demand decoding of fragmented length/value
-	    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Buffer,undefined),
-	    Bytes3 = align(Bytes2),
-	    compact_bit_string(Bytes3,Len,NamedNumberList);
-	{{Fix,Fix},Ext} = Sc when is_integer(Fix), is_list(Ext) ->
-	    case decode_length(Buffer,Sc) of
-		{Len,Bytes2} when Len > Fix ->
-		    Bytes3 = align(Bytes2),
-		    compact_bit_string(Bytes3,Len,NamedNumberList);
-		{Len,Bytes2} when Len > 16 ->
-		    Bytes3 = align(Bytes2),
-		    compact_bit_string(Bytes3,Len,NamedNumberList);
-		{Len,Bytes2} ->
-		    compact_bit_string(Bytes2,Len,NamedNumberList)
-	    end;
-	Sc ->
-	    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Buffer,Sc),
-	    Bytes3 = align(Bytes2),
-	    compact_bit_string(Bytes3,Len,NamedNumberList)
-    end.
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% The result is presented as a list of named bits (if possible)
-%% else as a list of 0 and 1.
-%% 
-decode_bit_string(Buffer, C, NamedNumberList) ->
-    case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of
-	{Lb,Ub} when is_integer(Lb),is_integer(Ub) ->
-	    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Buffer,{Lb,Ub}),
-	    Bytes3 = align(Bytes2),
-	    bit_list_or_named(Bytes3,Len,NamedNumberList);
-	no ->
-	    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Buffer,undefined),
-	    Bytes3 = align(Bytes2),
-	    bit_list_or_named(Bytes3,Len,NamedNumberList);
-	0 -> % fixed length
-	    {[],Buffer}; % nothing to encode
-	V when is_integer(V),V=<16 -> % fixed length 16 bits or less
-	    bit_list_or_named(Buffer,V,NamedNumberList);
-	V when is_integer(V),V=<65536 ->
-	    Bytes2 = align(Buffer),
-	    bit_list_or_named(Bytes2,V,NamedNumberList);
-	V when is_integer(V) ->
-	    Bytes2 = align(Buffer),
-	    {BinBits,_Bytes3} = decode_fragmented_bits(Bytes2,V),
-	    bit_list_or_named(BinBits,V,NamedNumberList);
-	{{Fix,Fix},Ext} =Sc when is_integer(Fix), is_list(Ext) ->
-	    case decode_length(Buffer,Sc) of
-		{Len,Bytes2} when Len > Fix ->
-		    Bytes3 = align(Bytes2),
-		    bit_list_or_named(Bytes3,Len,NamedNumberList);
-		{Len,Bytes2} when Len > 16 ->
-		    Bytes3 = align(Bytes2),
-		    bit_list_or_named(Bytes3,Len,NamedNumberList);
-		{Len,Bytes2} ->
-		    bit_list_or_named(Bytes2,Len,NamedNumberList)
-	    end;
-	Sc -> % extension marker
-	    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Buffer,Sc),
-	    Bytes3 = align(Bytes2),
-	    bit_list_or_named(Bytes3,Len,NamedNumberList)
-    end.
-
-
-%% if no named bits are declared we will return a
-%% {Unused,Bits}. Unused = integer(),
-%% Bits = binary().
-compact_bit_string(Buffer,Len,[]) ->
-    {BitStr,Rest} = getbits_as_binary(Len,Buffer), % {{Unused,BinBits},NewBuffer}
-    PadLen = (8 - (bit_size(BitStr) rem 8)) rem 8,
-    {{PadLen,<<BitStr/bitstring,0:PadLen>>},Rest};
-compact_bit_string(Buffer,Len,NamedNumberList) ->
-    bit_list_or_named(Buffer,Len,NamedNumberList).
-
-
-%% if no named bits are declared we will return a
-%% BitList = [0 | 1]
-
-bit_list_or_named(Buffer,Len,[]) ->
-    getbits_as_list(Len,Buffer);
-
-%% if there are named bits declared we will return a named
-%% BitList where the names are atoms and unnamed bits represented
-%% as {bit,Pos}
-%% BitList = [atom() | {bit,Pos}]
-%% Pos = integer()
-
-bit_list_or_named(Buffer,Len,NamedNumberList) ->
-    {BitList,Rest} = getbits_as_list(Len,Buffer),
-    {bit_list_or_named1(0,BitList,NamedNumberList,[]), Rest}.
-
-bit_list_or_named1(Pos,[0|Bt],Names,Acc) ->
-    bit_list_or_named1(Pos+1,Bt,Names,Acc);
-bit_list_or_named1(Pos,[1|Bt],Names,Acc) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(Pos,2,Names) of
-	{value,{Name,_}} ->
-	    bit_list_or_named1(Pos+1,Bt,Names,[Name|Acc]);
-	_  -> 
-	    bit_list_or_named1(Pos+1,Bt,Names,[{bit,Pos}|Acc])
-    end;
-bit_list_or_named1(_Pos,[],_Names,Acc) ->
-    lists:reverse(Acc).
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% 
-
-int_to_bitlist(Int) when is_integer(Int), Int > 0 ->
-    [Int band 1 | int_to_bitlist(Int bsr 1)];
-int_to_bitlist(0) ->
-    [].
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% get_all_bitposes([list of named bits to set], named_bit_db, []) ->
-%%   [sorted_list_of_bitpositions_to_set]
-
-get_all_bitposes([{bit,ValPos}|Rest], NamedBitList, Ack) ->
-    get_all_bitposes(Rest, NamedBitList, [ValPos | Ack ]);
-
-get_all_bitposes([Val | Rest], NamedBitList, Ack) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(Val, 1, NamedBitList) of
-	{value, {_ValName, ValPos}} ->
-	    get_all_bitposes(Rest, NamedBitList, [ValPos | Ack]);
-	_ ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1, {bitstring_namedbit, Val}}})
-    end;
-get_all_bitposes([], _NamedBitList, Ack) ->
-    lists:sort(Ack).
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% make_and_set_list([list of positions to set to 1])->
-%% returns list with all in SetPos set.
-%% in positioning in list the first element is 0, the second 1 etc.., but
-%% 
-
-make_and_set_list([XPos|SetPos], XPos) ->
-    [1 | make_and_set_list(SetPos, XPos + 1)];
-make_and_set_list([Pos|SetPos], XPos) ->
-    [0 | make_and_set_list([Pos | SetPos], XPos + 1)];
-make_and_set_list([], _) ->
-    [].
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% X.691:16
-%% encode_octet_string(Constraint,ExtensionMarker,Val)
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-encode_octet_string(C,Val) ->
-    encode_octet_string(C,false,Val).
-
-encode_octet_string(C,Bool,{_Name,Val}) ->
-    encode_octet_string(C,Bool,Val);
-encode_octet_string(_C,true,_Val) -> 
-    exit({error,{asn1,{'not_supported',extensionmarker}}});
-encode_octet_string(SZ={_,_},false,Val) ->
-%    [encode_length(SZ,length(Val)),align,
-%	     {octets,Val}];
-    Len = length(Val),
-    try
-	[encode_length(SZ,Len),2,
-	 octets_to_complete(Len,Val)]
-    catch
-	exit:{error,{asn1,{encode_length,_}}} ->
-	    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
-    end;
-encode_octet_string(SZ,false,Val) when is_list(SZ) ->
-    Len = length(Val),
-    try
-	[encode_length({hd(SZ),lists:max(SZ)},Len),2,
-	 octets_to_complete(Len,Val)]
-    catch
-	exit:{error,{asn1,{encode_length,_}}} ->
-	    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
-    end;
-encode_octet_string(Sv,false,Val) when is_integer(Sv) ->
-    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val);
-encode_octet_string(no,false,Val) ->
-    Len = length(Val),
-    try
-	[encode_length(undefined,Len),2,
-	 octets_to_complete(Len,Val)]
-    catch
-	exit:{error,{asn1,{encode_length,_}}} ->
-	    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
-    end;
-encode_octet_string(C,_,_) ->
-    exit({error,{not_implemented,C}}).
-
-encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val) ->
-    Bin = iolist_to_binary(Val),
-    efos_1(Bin).
-
-efos_1(<<B1:16#C000/binary,B2:16#4000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
-    [20,1,<<3:2,4:6>>,
-     octets_to_complete(16#C000, B1),
-     octets_to_complete(16#4000, B2)|efos_1(T)];
-efos_1(<<B:16#C000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
-    [20,1,<<3:2,3:6>>,octets_to_complete(16#C000, B)|efos_1(T)];
-efos_1(<<B:16#8000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
-    [20,1,<<3:2,2:6>>,octets_to_complete(16#8000, B)|efos_1(T)];
-efos_1(<<B:16#4000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
-    [20,1,<<3:2,1:6>>,octets_to_complete(16#4000, B)|efos_1(T)];
-efos_1(<<>>) ->
-    [20,1,0];
-efos_1(<<B/bitstring>>) ->
-    Len = byte_size(B),
-    [encode_length(undefined, Len),octets_to_complete(Len, B)].
-
-decode_fragmented(SegSz0, Buf0, Unit) ->
-    SegSz = SegSz0 * Unit * ?'16K',
-    <<Res:SegSz/bitstring,Buf/bitstring>> = Buf0,
-    decode_fragmented_1(Buf, Unit, Res).
-
-decode_fragmented_1(<<0:1,N:7,Buf0/bitstring>>, Unit, Res) ->
-    Sz = N*Unit,
-    <<S:Sz/bitstring,Buf/bitstring>> = Buf0,
-    {<<Res/bitstring,S/bitstring>>,Buf};
-decode_fragmented_1(<<1:1,0:1,N:14,Buf0/bitstring>>, Unit, Res) ->
-    Sz = N*Unit,
-    <<S:Sz/bitstring,Buf/bitstring>> = Buf0,
-    {<<Res/bitstring,S/bitstring>>,Buf};
-decode_fragmented_1(<<1:1,1:1,SegSz0:6,Buf0/bitstring>>, Unit, Res0) ->
-    SegSz = SegSz0 * Unit * ?'16K',
-    <<Frag:SegSz/bitstring,Buf/bitstring>> = Buf0,
-    Res = <<Res0/bitstring,Frag/bitstring>>,
-    decode_fragmented_1(Buf, Unit, Res).
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% Restricted char string types 
-%% (NumericString, PrintableString,VisibleString,IA5String,BMPString,UniversalString)
-%% X.691:26 and X.680:34-36
-%%encode_restricted_string(aligned,'BMPString',Constraints,Extension,Val)
-
-
-encode_restricted_string(aligned,{Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_restricted_string(aligned,Val);
-
-encode_restricted_string(aligned,Val) when is_list(Val)->
-    Len = length(Val),
-    [encode_length(undefined,Len),octets_to_complete(Len,Val)].
-
-
-encode_known_multiplier_string(StringType,SizeC,NumBits,CharOutTab,{Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_known_multiplier_string(StringType,SizeC,NumBits,CharOutTab,Val);
-encode_known_multiplier_string(_StringType,SizeC,NumBits,CharOutTab,Val) ->
-    Result = chars_encode2(Val,NumBits,CharOutTab),
-    case SizeC of
-	Ub when is_integer(Ub), Ub*NumBits =< 16  ->
-	    Result;
-	Ub when is_integer(Ub),Ub =<65535 -> % fixed length
-	    [2,Result];
-	{Ub,Lb} ->
-	    [encode_length({Ub,Lb},length(Val)),2,Result];
-	no  ->
-	    [encode_length(undefined,length(Val)),2,Result]
-    end.
-
-decode_restricted_string(Bytes,aligned) ->
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    getoctets_as_list(Bytes2,Len).
-
-decode_known_multiplier_string(StringType,SizeC,NumBits,CharInTab,Bytes) ->
-    case SizeC of
-	Ub when is_integer(Ub), Ub*NumBits =< 16  ->
-	    chars_decode(Bytes,NumBits,StringType,CharInTab,Ub);
-	Ub when is_integer(Ub),Ub =<65535 -> % fixed length
-	    Bytes1 = align(Bytes),
-	    chars_decode(Bytes1,NumBits,StringType,CharInTab,Ub);
-	Vl when is_list(Vl) ->
-	    {Len,Bytes1} = decode_length(Bytes,{hd(Vl),lists:max(Vl)}),
-	    Bytes2 = align(Bytes1),
-	    chars_decode(Bytes2,NumBits,StringType,CharInTab,Len);
-	no  ->
-	    {Len,Bytes1} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-	    Bytes2 = align(Bytes1),
-	    chars_decode(Bytes2,NumBits,StringType,CharInTab,Len);
-	{Lb,Ub}->
-	    {Len,Bytes1} = decode_length(Bytes,{Lb,Ub}),
-	    Bytes2 = align(Bytes1),
-	    chars_decode(Bytes2,NumBits,StringType,CharInTab,Len)
-    end.
-
-encode_GeneralString(_C,Val) ->
-    encode_restricted_string(aligned,Val).
-decode_GeneralString(Bytes,_C) ->
-    decode_restricted_string(Bytes,aligned).
-
-encode_GraphicString(_C,Val) ->
-    encode_restricted_string(aligned,Val).
-decode_GraphicString(Bytes,_C) ->
-    decode_restricted_string(Bytes,aligned).
-
-encode_ObjectDescriptor(_C,Val) ->
-    encode_restricted_string(aligned,Val).
-decode_ObjectDescriptor(Bytes) ->
-    decode_restricted_string(Bytes,aligned).
-
-encode_TeletexString(_C,Val) -> % equivalent with T61String
-    encode_restricted_string(aligned,Val).
-decode_TeletexString(Bytes,_C) ->
-    decode_restricted_string(Bytes,aligned).
-
-encode_VideotexString(_C,Val) ->
-    encode_restricted_string(aligned,Val).
-decode_VideotexString(Bytes,_C) ->
-    decode_restricted_string(Bytes,aligned).
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% getBMPChars(Bytes,Len) ->{BMPcharList,RemainingBytes}
-%%
-getBMPChars(<<T/binary>>, 0, Acc) ->
-    {lists:reverse(Acc),T};
-getBMPChars(<<0,O2,Bytes1/bitstring>>, Len, Acc) ->
-    getBMPChars(Bytes1,Len-1,[O2|Acc]);
-getBMPChars(<<O1,O2,Bytes1/bitstring>>, Len, Acc) ->
-    getBMPChars(Bytes1,Len-1,[{0,0,O1,O2}|Acc]).
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% chars_encode(C,StringType,Value) -> ValueList
-%%
-%% encodes chars according to the per rules taking the constraint PermittedAlphabet 
-%% into account.
-%% This function does only encode the value part and NOT the length
-
-% chars_encode(C,StringType,Value) ->
-%     case {StringType,get_constraint(C,'PermittedAlphabet')} of
-% 	{'UniversalString',{_,Sv}} ->
-% 	    exit({error,{asn1,{'not implemented',"UniversalString with PermittedAlphabet constraint"}}});
-% 	{'BMPString',{_,Sv}} ->
-% 	    exit({error,{asn1,{'not implemented',"BMPString with PermittedAlphabet constraint"}}});
-% 	_ ->
-% 	    {NumBits,CharOutTab} = {get_NumBits(C,StringType),get_CharOutTab(C,StringType)}, 
-% 	    chars_encode2(Value,NumBits,CharOutTab)
-%     end.
-
-
-chars_encode2([H|T],NumBits,T1={Min,Max,notab}) when  H =< Max, H >= Min ->
-%    [[10,NumBits,H-Min]|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,T1)];
-    [pre_complete_bits(NumBits,H-Min)|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,T1)];
-chars_encode2([H|T],NumBits,T1={Min,Max,Tab}) when H =< Max, H >= Min ->
-%    [[10,NumBits,element(H-Min+1,Tab)]|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,T1)];
-    [pre_complete_bits(NumBits,exit_if_false(H,element(H-Min+1,Tab)))|
-     chars_encode2(T,NumBits,T1)];
-chars_encode2([{A,B,C,D}|T],NumBits,T1={Min,_Max,notab}) -> 
-    %% no value range check here (ought to be, but very expensive)
-%    [{bits,NumBits,(A*B*C*D)-Min}|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,notab})];
-%    [[10,NumBits,((((((A bsl 8)+B) bsl 8)+C) bsl 8)+D)-Min]|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,T1)];
-    [pre_complete_bits(NumBits,
-			       ((((((A bsl 8)+B) bsl 8)+C) bsl 8)+D)-Min)|
-     chars_encode2(T,NumBits,T1)];
-chars_encode2([H={A,B,C,D}|T],NumBits,{Min,Max,Tab}) -> 
-    %% no value range check here (ought to be, but very expensive)
-    [pre_complete_bits(NumBits,exit_if_false(H,element(((((((A bsl 8)+B) bsl 8)+C) bsl 8)+D)-Min,Tab)))|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,notab})];
-chars_encode2([H|_T],_NumBits,{_Min,_Max,_Tab}) ->
-    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_char_value,H}}});
-chars_encode2([],_,_) ->
-    [].
-
-exit_if_false(V,false)->
-    exit({error,{asn1,{"illegal value according to Permitted alphabet constraint",V}}});
-exit_if_false(_,V) ->V.
-
-pre_complete_bits(NumBits,Val) when NumBits =< 8 ->
-    [10,NumBits,Val];
-pre_complete_bits(NumBits,Val) when NumBits =< 16 ->
-    [10,NumBits-8,Val bsr 8,10,8,(Val band 255)];
-pre_complete_bits(NumBits,Val) when NumBits =< 2040 -> % 255 * 8
-%     LBUsed = NumBits rem 8,
-%     {Unused,Len} = case (8 - LBUsed) of
-% 		       8 -> {0,NumBits div 8};
-% 		       U -> {U,(NumBits div 8) + 1}
-% 		   end,
-%     NewVal = Val bsr LBUsed,
-%     [30,Unused,Len,<<NewVal:Len/unit:8,Val:LBUsed,0:Unused>>].
-    Unused = (8 - (NumBits rem 8)) rem 8,
-    Len = NumBits + Unused,
-    [30,Unused,Len div 8,<<(Val bsl Unused):Len>>].
-
-
-chars_decode(Bytes,_,'BMPString',_,Len) ->
-    getBMPChars(Bytes,Len,[]);
-chars_decode(Bytes,NumBits,_StringType,CharInTab,Len) ->	
-    chars_decode2(Bytes,CharInTab,NumBits,Len).
-
-
-chars_decode2(Bytes,CharInTab,NumBits,Len) ->
-    chars_decode2(Bytes,CharInTab,NumBits,Len,[]).
-
-chars_decode2(Bytes,_CharInTab,_NumBits,0,Acc) ->
-    {lists:reverse(Acc),Bytes};
-chars_decode2(Bytes,{Min,Max,notab},NumBits,Len,Acc) when NumBits > 8 ->
-    {Char,Bytes2} = getbits(Bytes,NumBits),
-    Result = 
-	if
-	    Char < 256 -> Char;
-	    true ->
-		list_to_tuple(binary_to_list(<<Char:32>>))
-	end,
-    chars_decode2(Bytes2,{Min,Max,notab},NumBits,Len -1,[Result|Acc]);
-chars_decode2(Bytes,{Min,Max,notab},NumBits,Len,Acc) ->
-    {Char,Bytes2} = getbits(Bytes,NumBits),
-    chars_decode2(Bytes2,{Min,Max,notab},NumBits,Len -1,[Char+Min|Acc]);
-
-%% BMPString and UniversalString with PermittedAlphabet is currently not supported
-chars_decode2(Bytes,{Min,Max,CharInTab},NumBits,Len,Acc) ->
-    {Char,Bytes2} = getbits(Bytes,NumBits),
-    chars_decode2(Bytes2,{Min,Max,CharInTab},NumBits,Len -1,[element(Char+1,CharInTab)|Acc]).
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% encode_UTF8String(Val) -> CompleteList
-%% Val -> <<utf8encoded binary>>
-%% CompleteList -> [apropriate codes and values for driver complete]
-%%
-encode_UTF8String(Val) when is_binary(Val) ->
-    [encode_length(undefined,size(Val)),
-     octets_to_complete(size(Val),Val)];
-encode_UTF8String(Val) ->
-    encode_UTF8String(list_to_binary(Val)).
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% decode_UTF8String(Bytes) -> {Utf8Binary,RemainingBytes}
-%% Utf8Binary -> <<utf8 encoded binary>>
-%% RemainingBytes -> <<buffer>>
-decode_UTF8String(Bytes) -> 
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    {_Bin,_Bytes3} = getoctets_as_bin(Bytes2,Len).
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% encode_object_identifier(Val) -> CompleteList
-%% encode_object_identifier({Name,Val}) -> CompleteList
-%% Val -> {Int1,Int2,...,IntN} % N >= 2
-%% Name -> atom()
-%% Int1 -> integer(0..2)
-%% Int2 -> integer(0..39) when Int1 (0..1) else integer()
-%% Int3-N -> integer()
-%% CompleteList -> [{bits,8,Val}|{octets,Ol}|align|...]
-%%
-encode_object_identifier({Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_object_identifier(Val);
-encode_object_identifier(Val) ->
-    OctetList = e_object_identifier(Val),
-    Octets = list_to_binary(OctetList),
-    [encode_length(undefined,size(Octets)),
-     octets_to_complete(size(Octets),Octets)].
-
-e_object_identifier({'OBJECT IDENTIFIER',V}) ->
-    e_object_identifier(V);
-e_object_identifier({Cname,V}) when is_atom(Cname),is_tuple(V) ->
-    e_object_identifier(tuple_to_list(V));
-e_object_identifier({Cname,V}) when is_atom(Cname),is_list(V) ->
-    e_object_identifier(V);
-e_object_identifier(V) when is_tuple(V) ->
-    e_object_identifier(tuple_to_list(V));
-
-%% E1 = 0|1|2 and (E2 < 40 when E1 = 0|1) 
-e_object_identifier([E1,E2|Tail]) when E1 >= 0, E1 < 2, E2 < 40 ; E1==2 ->
-    Head = 40*E1 + E2,  % weird
-    e_object_elements([Head|Tail],[]);
-e_object_identifier(Oid=[_,_|_Tail]) ->
-    exit({error,{asn1,{'illegal_value',Oid}}}).
-
-e_object_elements([],Acc) ->
-    lists:reverse(Acc);
-e_object_elements([H|T],Acc) ->
-    e_object_elements(T,[e_object_element(H)|Acc]).
-
-e_object_element(Num) when Num < 128 ->
-    [Num];
-e_object_element(Num) ->
-    [e_o_e(Num bsr 7)|[Num band 2#1111111]].
-e_o_e(Num) when Num < 128 ->
-    Num bor 2#10000000;
-e_o_e(Num) ->
-    [e_o_e(Num bsr 7)|[(Num band 2#1111111) bor 2#10000000]].
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% decode_object_identifier(Bytes) -> {ObjId,RemainingBytes}
-%% ObjId -> {integer(),integer(),...} % at least 2 integers
-%% RemainingBytes -> [integer()] when integer() (0..255)
-decode_object_identifier(Bytes) ->
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    {Octs,Bytes3} = getoctets_as_list(Bytes2,Len),
-    [First|Rest] = dec_subidentifiers(Octs,0,[]),
-    Idlist = if
-		 First < 40 ->
-		     [0,First|Rest];
-		 First < 80 ->
-		     [1,First - 40|Rest];
-		 true ->
-		     [2,First - 80|Rest]
-	     end,
-    {list_to_tuple(Idlist),Bytes3}.
-
-dec_subidentifiers([H|T],Av,Al) when H >=16#80 ->
-    dec_subidentifiers(T,(Av bsl 7) + (H band 16#7F),Al);
-dec_subidentifiers([H|T],Av,Al) ->
-    dec_subidentifiers(T,0,[(Av bsl 7) + H |Al]);
-dec_subidentifiers([],_Av,Al) ->
-    lists:reverse(Al).
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% encode_relative_oid(Val) -> CompleteList
-%% encode_relative_oid({Name,Val}) -> CompleteList
-encode_relative_oid({Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_relative_oid(Val);
-encode_relative_oid(Val) when is_tuple(Val) ->
-    encode_relative_oid(tuple_to_list(Val));
-encode_relative_oid(Val) when is_list(Val) ->
-    Octets = list_to_binary([e_object_element(X)||X <- Val]),
-    [encode_length(undefined,size(Octets)),
-     octets_to_complete(size(Octets),Octets)].
-    
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% decode_relative_oid(Val) -> CompleteList
-%% decode_relative_oid({Name,Val}) -> CompleteList
-decode_relative_oid(Bytes) ->
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    {Octs,Bytes3} = getoctets_as_list(Bytes2,Len),
-    ObjVals = dec_subidentifiers(Octs,0,[]),
-    {list_to_tuple(ObjVals),Bytes3}.
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% encode_real(Val) -> CompleteList
-%% encode_real({Name,Val}) -> CompleteList
-encode_real({Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_real(Val);
-encode_real(Real) ->
-    {EncVal,Len} = ?RT_COMMON:encode_real([],Real),
-    [encode_length(undefined,Len),octets_to_complete(size(EncVal),EncVal)].
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% decode_real(Val) -> {REALvalue,Rest}
-%% decode_real({Name,Val}) -> {REALvalue,Rest}
-decode_real(Bytes) ->
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    {RealVal,Rest,Len} = ?RT_COMMON:decode_real(Bytes2,Len),
-    {RealVal,Rest}.
-
-
-get_constraint([{Key,V}],Key) ->
-    V;
-get_constraint([],_) ->
-    no;
-get_constraint(C,Key) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(Key,1,C) of
-	false ->
-	    no;
-	{value,{_,V}} -> 
-	    V
-    end.
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% complete(InList) -> ByteList
-%% Takes a coded list with bits and bytes and converts it to a list of bytes
-%% Should be applied as the last step at encode of a complete ASN.1 type
-%%
-
--ifdef(nodriver).
-
-complete(L) ->
-    erlang_complete(L).
-
--else.
-
-%% asn1-1.7
-complete(L) ->
-    case asn1rt_nif:encode_per_complete(L) of
-	{error, Reason} -> handle_error(Reason, L);
-	Else when is_binary(Else) -> Else
-    end.
-
-handle_error([],_)->
-    exit({error,{asn1,{"memory allocation problem in driver"}}});
-handle_error($1,L) -> % error in complete in driver
-    exit({error,{asn1,L}});
-handle_error(ErrL,L) ->
-    exit({error,{asn1,ErrL,L}}).
-
--endif.
-
-
-octets_to_complete(Len,Val) when Len < 256 ->
-    [20,Len,Val];
-octets_to_complete(Len,Val) ->
-    [21,<<Len:16>>,Val].
-
-octets_unused_to_complete(Unused,Len,Val) when Len < 256 ->
-    [30,Unused,Len,Val];
-octets_unused_to_complete(Unused,Len,Val) ->
-    [31,Unused,<<Len:16>>,Val].
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_uper_bin.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_uper_bin.erl
deleted file mode 100644
index fc65d80245..0000000000
--- a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rt_uper_bin.erl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1487 +0,0 @@
-%%
-%% %CopyrightBegin%
-%% 
-%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2008-2010. All Rights Reserved.
-%% 
-%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
-%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
-%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
-%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
-%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
-%% 
-%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
-%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
-%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
-%% under the License.
-%% 
-%% %CopyrightEnd%
-%%
-%%
--module(asn1rt_uper_bin).
-
-%% encoding / decoding of PER unaligned
-
--include("asn1_records.hrl").
-
-%%-compile(export_all).
-
--export([decode_fragmented/3]).
--export([setext/1, fixoptionals/3,
- 	 fixextensions/2, 
-	 skipextensions/3, getbit/1, getchoice/3 ]).
--export([set_choice/3, encode_integer/2, encode_integer/3]).
--export([encode_small_number/1, encode_boolean/1,
-	 encode_length/2,
-	 encode_small_length/1,
- 	 decode_compact_bit_string/3]).
--export([encode_bit_string/3, decode_bit_string/3  ]).
--export([encode_octet_string/2,
-	 encode_relative_oid/1, decode_relative_oid/1,
- 	 encode_object_identifier/1, decode_object_identifier/1,
-	 encode_real/1, decode_real/1,
- 	 complete/1, complete_NFP/1]).
-
-
- -export([encode_open_type/2, decode_open_type/2]).
-
- -export([encode_UniversalString/2, decode_UniversalString/2,
- 	 encode_PrintableString/2, decode_PrintableString/2,
- 	 encode_GeneralString/2, decode_GeneralString/2,
- 	 encode_GraphicString/2, decode_GraphicString/2,
- 	 encode_TeletexString/2, decode_TeletexString/2,
- 	 encode_VideotexString/2, decode_VideotexString/2,
- 	 encode_VisibleString/2, decode_VisibleString/2,
- 	 encode_UTF8String/1, decode_UTF8String/1,
- 	 encode_BMPString/2, decode_BMPString/2,
- 	 encode_IA5String/2, decode_IA5String/2,
- 	 encode_NumericString/2, decode_NumericString/2,
- 	 encode_ObjectDescriptor/2, decode_ObjectDescriptor/1
- 	]).
-
--define('16K',16384).
--define('32K',32768).
--define('64K',65536).
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% setext(true|false) ->  CompleteList
-%%
-
-setext(false) ->
-    <<0:1>>;
-setext(true) ->
-    <<1:1>>.
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% This is the new fixoptionals/3 which is used by the new generates
-%%
-fixoptionals(OptList,OptLength,Val) when is_tuple(Val) ->
-    Bits = fixoptionals(OptList,Val,0),
-    {Val,<<Bits:OptLength>>};
-
-fixoptionals([],_Val,Acc) ->
-    %% Optbits
-    Acc;
-fixoptionals([{Pos,DefVal}|Ot],Val,Acc) ->
-    case element(Pos,Val) of
-	asn1_DEFAULT -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,Acc bsl 1);
-	DefVal -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,Acc bsl 1);
-	_ -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,(Acc bsl 1) + 1)
-    end;
-fixoptionals([Pos|Ot],Val,Acc) ->
-    case element(Pos,Val) of
-	asn1_NOVALUE -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,Acc bsl 1);
-	asn1_DEFAULT -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,Acc bsl 1);
-	_ -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,(Acc bsl 1) + 1)
-    end.
-
-
-fixextensions({ext,ExtPos,ExtNum},Val) ->
-    case fixextensions(ExtPos,ExtNum+ExtPos,Val,0) of
-	0 -> [];
-	ExtBits ->
-	    [encode_small_length(ExtNum),<<ExtBits:ExtNum>>]
-    end.
-
-fixextensions(Pos,MaxPos,_,Acc) when Pos >= MaxPos ->
-    Acc;
-fixextensions(Pos,ExtPos,Val,Acc) ->
-    Bit = case catch(element(Pos+1,Val)) of
-	      asn1_NOVALUE ->
-		  0;
-	      asn1_NOEXTVALUE ->
-		  0;
-	      {'EXIT',_} ->
-		  0;
-	      _ ->
-		  1
-	  end,
-    fixextensions(Pos+1,ExtPos,Val,(Acc bsl 1)+Bit).
-
-skipextensions(Bytes,Nr,ExtensionBitstr) when is_bitstring(ExtensionBitstr) ->
-    Prev = Nr - 1,
-    case ExtensionBitstr of
-	<<_:Prev,1:1,_/bitstring>> ->
-	    {_,Bytes2} = decode_open_type(Bytes,[]),
-	    skipextensions(Bytes2, Nr+1, ExtensionBitstr);
-	<<_:Prev,0:1,_/bitstring>> ->
-	    skipextensions(Bytes, Nr+1, ExtensionBitstr);
-	_ ->
-	    Bytes
-    end.
-
-
-getchoice(Bytes,1,0) -> % only 1 alternative is not encoded
-    {0,Bytes};
-getchoice(Bytes,_,1) ->
-    decode_small_number(Bytes);
-getchoice(Bytes,NumChoices,0) ->
-    decode_constrained_number(Bytes,{0,NumChoices-1}).
-
-
-%% getbits_as_binary(Num,Bytes) -> {{Unused,BinBits},RestBytes},
-%% Num = integer(),
-%% Bytes = list() | tuple(),
-%% Unused = integer(),
-%% BinBits = binary(),
-%% RestBytes = tuple()
-getbits_as_binary(Num,Bytes) when is_bitstring(Bytes) ->
-    <<BS:Num/bitstring,Rest/bitstring>> = Bytes,
-    {BS,Rest}.
-
-getbits_as_list(Num,Bytes) when is_bitstring(Bytes) ->
-    <<BitStr:Num/bitstring,Rest/bitstring>> = Bytes,
-    {[ B || <<B:1>> <= BitStr],Rest}.
-
-getbit(Buffer) ->
-    <<B:1,Rest/bitstring>> = Buffer,
-    {B,Rest}.
-
-
-getbits(Buffer,Num) when is_bitstring(Buffer) ->
-    <<Bs:Num,Rest/bitstring>> = Buffer,
-    {Bs,Rest}.
-
-
-
-%% Pick the first Num octets.
-%% Returns octets as an integer with bit significance as in buffer.
-getoctets(Buffer,Num) when is_bitstring(Buffer) ->
-    <<Val:Num/integer-unit:8,RestBitStr/bitstring>> = Buffer,
-    {Val,RestBitStr}.
-
-%% Pick the first Num octets.
-%% Returns octets as a binary
-getoctets_as_bin(Bin,Num) when is_bitstring(Bin) ->
-    <<Octets:Num/binary,RestBin/bitstring>> = Bin,
-    {Octets,RestBin}.
-
-%% same as above but returns octets as a List
-getoctets_as_list(Buffer,Num) ->
-    {Bin,Buffer2} = getoctets_as_bin(Buffer,Num),
-    {binary_to_list(Bin),Buffer2}.
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% set_choice(Alt,Choices,Altnum) -> ListofBitSettings
-%% Alt = atom()
-%% Altnum = integer() | {integer(),integer()}% number of alternatives
-%% Choices = [atom()] | {[atom()],[atom()]}
-%% When Choices is a tuple the first list is the Rootset and the
-%% second is the Extensions and then Altnum must also be a tuple with the
-%% lengths of the 2 lists 
-%%
-set_choice(Alt,{L1,L2},{Len1,_Len2}) ->
-    case set_choice_tag(Alt,L1) of
-	N when is_integer(N), Len1 > 1 ->
-	    [<<0:1>>, % the value is in the root set
-	     encode_integer([{'ValueRange',{0,Len1-1}}],N)];
-	N when is_integer(N) ->
-	    <<0:1>>; % no encoding if only 0 or 1 alternative
-	false ->
-	    [<<1:1>>, % extension value
-	     case set_choice_tag(Alt,L2) of
-		 N2 when is_integer(N2) ->
-		     encode_small_number(N2);
-		 false ->
-		     unknown_choice_alt
-	     end]
-    end;
-set_choice(Alt,L,Len) ->
-    case set_choice_tag(Alt,L) of
-	N when is_integer(N), Len > 1 ->
-	    encode_integer([{'ValueRange',{0,Len-1}}],N);
-	N when is_integer(N) ->
-	    []; % no encoding if only 0 or 1 alternative
-	false ->
-	    [unknown_choice_alt]
-    end.
-
-set_choice_tag(Alt,Choices) ->
-    set_choice_tag(Alt,Choices,0).
-
-set_choice_tag(Alt,[Alt|_Rest],Tag) ->
-    Tag;
-set_choice_tag(Alt,[_H|Rest],Tag) ->
-    set_choice_tag(Alt,Rest,Tag+1);
-set_choice_tag(_Alt,[],_Tag) ->
-    false.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% decode_fragmented_XXX; decode of values encoded fragmented according
-%% to ITU-T X.691 clause 10.9.3.8. The unit (XXX) is either bits, octets,
-%% characters or number of components (in a choice,sequence or similar).
-%% Buffer is a buffer {Used, Bin}.
-%% C is the constrained length.
-%% If the buffer is not aligned, this function does that.
-decode_fragmented_bits(Buffer,C) ->
-    decode_fragmented_bits(Buffer,C,[]).
-decode_fragmented_bits(<<3:2,Len:6,BitStr/bitstring>>,C,Acc) ->
-%%    {Value,Bin2} = split_binary(Bin, Len * ?'16K'),
-    FragLen = (Len*?'16K') div 8,
-    <<Value:FragLen/binary,BitStr2/bitstring>> = BitStr,
-    decode_fragmented_bits(BitStr2,C,[Value|Acc]);
-decode_fragmented_bits(<<0:1,0:7,BitStr/bitstring>>,C,Acc) ->
-    BinBits = list_to_binary(lists:reverse(Acc)),
-    case C of
-	Int when is_integer(Int),C == size(BinBits) ->
-	    {BinBits,BitStr};
-	Int when is_integer(Int) ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,C,BinBits}}})
-    end;
-decode_fragmented_bits(<<0:1,Len:7,BitStr/bitstring>>,C,Acc) ->
-    <<Val:Len/bitstring,Rest/bitstring>> = BitStr,
-%%    <<Value:Len/binary-unit:1,Bin2/binary>> = Bin,
-    ResBitStr = list_to_bitstring(lists:reverse([Val|Acc])),
-    case C of
-	Int when is_integer(Int),C == bit_size(ResBitStr) ->
-	    {ResBitStr,Rest};
-	Int when is_integer(Int) ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,C,ResBitStr}}})
-    end.
-
-    
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% encode_open_type(Constraint, Value) -> CompleteList
-%% Value = list of bytes of an already encoded value (the list must be flat)
-%%         | binary
-%% Contraint = not used in this version
-%%
-encode_open_type(C, Val) when is_list(Val) ->
-    encode_open_type(C, list_to_binary(Val));
-encode_open_type(_C, Val) when is_binary(Val) ->
-    [encode_length(undefined,size(Val)),Val].
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% decode_open_type(Buffer,Constraint) -> Value
-%% Constraint is not used in this version
-%% Buffer = [byte] with PER encoded data 
-%% Value = [byte] with decoded data (which must be decoded again as some type)
-%%
-decode_open_type(Bytes, _C) ->
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    getoctets_as_bin(Bytes2,Len).
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% encode_integer(Constraint,Value,NamedNumberList) -> CompleteList
-%% encode_integer(Constraint,Value) -> CompleteList
-%% encode_integer(Constraint,{Name,Value}) -> CompleteList
-%% 
-%%
-encode_integer(C,V,NamedNumberList) when is_atom(V) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(V,1,NamedNumberList) of
-	{value,{_,NewV}} -> 
-	    encode_integer(C,NewV);
-	_ -> 
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{namednumber,V}}})
-    end;
-encode_integer(C,V,_NamedNumberList) when is_integer(V) ->
-    encode_integer(C,V);
-encode_integer(C,{Name,V},NamedNumberList) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_integer(C,V,NamedNumberList).
-
-encode_integer(C,{Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_integer(C,Val);
-
-encode_integer([{Rc,_Ec}],Val) when is_tuple(Rc) -> % XXX when is this invoked? First argument most often a list,...Ok this is the extension case...but it doesn't work.
-    case (catch encode_integer([Rc],Val)) of
-	{'EXIT',{error,{asn1,_}}} ->
-	    [<<1:1>>,encode_unconstrained_number(Val)];
-	Encoded ->
-	    [<<0:1>>,Encoded]
-    end;
-encode_integer(C,Val ) when is_list(C) ->
-    case get_constraint(C,'SingleValue') of
-	no ->
-	    encode_integer1(C,Val);
-	V when is_integer(V),V == Val ->
-	    []; % a type restricted to a single value encodes to nothing
-	V when is_list(V) ->
-	    case lists:member(Val,V) of
-		true ->
-		    encode_integer1(C,Val);
-		_ ->
-		    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,Val}}})
-	    end;
-	_ ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,Val}}})
-    end.
-
-encode_integer1(C, Val) ->		    
-    case VR = get_constraint(C,'ValueRange') of
-	no ->
-	    encode_unconstrained_number(Val);
-	{Lb,'MAX'} ->
-	    encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb,Val);
-	%% positive with range
-	{Lb,Ub} when Val >= Lb,
-		     Ub >= Val ->
-	    encode_constrained_number(VR,Val);
-	_ ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,VR,Val}}})
-    end.
-
-%% X.691:10.6 Encoding of a normally small non-negative whole number
-%% Use this for encoding of CHOICE index if there is an extension marker in 
-%% the CHOICE
-encode_small_number({Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_small_number(Val);
-encode_small_number(Val) when Val =< 63 ->
-    <<Val:7>>;
-encode_small_number(Val) ->
-    [<<1:1>>,encode_semi_constrained_number(0,Val)].
-
-decode_small_number(Bytes) ->
-    {Bit,Bytes2} = getbit(Bytes),
-    case Bit of
-	0 -> 
-	    getbits(Bytes2,6);
-	1 ->
-	    decode_semi_constrained_number(Bytes2)
-    end.
-
-%% X.691:10.7 Encoding of a semi-constrained whole number
-%% might be an optimization encode_semi_constrained_number(0,Val) ->
-encode_semi_constrained_number(C,{Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_semi_constrained_number(C,Val);
-encode_semi_constrained_number({Lb,'MAX'},Val) ->
-    encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb,Val);
-encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb,Val) ->
-    %% encoding in minimum no of octets preceeded by a length
-    Val2 = Val - Lb,
-%%    NumBits = num_bits(Val2),
-    Bin = eint_bin_positive(Val2),
-    Size = size(Bin),
-    if 
-	Size < 128 ->
-	    [<<Size>>,Bin]; % equiv with encode_length(undefined,Len) but faster
-	Size < 16384 ->
-	    [<<2:2,Size:14>>,Bin];
-	true ->
-	    [encode_length(undefined,Size),Bin]
-    end.
-
-decode_semi_constrained_number(Bytes) ->
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    {V,Bytes3} = getoctets(Bytes2,Len),
-    {V,Bytes3}.
-
-encode_constrained_number(Range,{Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_constrained_number(Range,Val);
-encode_constrained_number({Lb,Ub},Val) when Val >= Lb, Ub >= Val -> 
-    Range = Ub - Lb + 1,
-    Val2 = Val - Lb,
-    NumBits = num_bits(Range),
-    <<Val2:NumBits>>;
-encode_constrained_number(Range,Val) -> 
-    exit({error,{asn1,{integer_range,Range,value,Val}}}).
-
-
-decode_constrained_number(Buffer,{Lb,Ub}) ->
-    Range = Ub - Lb + 1,
-    NumBits = num_bits(Range),
-    {Val,Remain} = getbits(Buffer,NumBits),
-    {Val+Lb,Remain}.
-
-%% X.691:10.8 Encoding of an unconstrained whole number
-
-encode_unconstrained_number(Val) when Val >= 0 ->
-    Oct = eint_bin_2Cs(Val),
-    Len = size(Oct),
-    if 
-	Len < 128 ->
-	    [<<Len>>,Oct]; % equiv with encode_length(undefined,Len) but faster
-	Len < 16384 ->
-	    [<<2:2,Len:14>>,Oct];
-	true ->
-	    [encode_length(undefined,Len),<<Len:16>>,Oct]
-    end;
-encode_unconstrained_number(Val) -> % negative
-    Oct = enint(Val,[]),
-    Len = size(Oct),
-    if 
-	Len < 128 ->
-	    [<<Len>>,Oct]; % equiv with encode_length(undefined,Len) but faster
-	Len < 16384 ->
-	    [<<2:2,Len:14>>,Oct];
-	true ->
-	    [encode_length(undefined,Len),Oct]
-    end.
-
-
-eint_bin_2Cs(Int) ->
-    case eint_bin_positive(Int) of
-	Bin = <<B,_/binary>> when B > 16#7f ->
-	    <<0,Bin/binary>>;
-	Bin -> Bin
-    end.
-
-%% returns the integer as a binary
-eint_bin_positive(Val) when Val < 16#100  ->
-    <<Val>>;
-eint_bin_positive(Val) when Val < 16#10000 ->
-    <<Val:16>>;
-eint_bin_positive(Val) when Val < 16#1000000 ->
-    <<Val:24>>;
-eint_bin_positive(Val) when Val < 16#100000000 ->
-    <<Val:32>>;
-eint_bin_positive(Val) ->
-    list_to_binary([eint_bin_positive2(Val bsr 32)|<<Val:32>>]).
-eint_bin_positive2(Val) when Val < 16#100  ->
-    <<Val>>;
-eint_bin_positive2(Val) when Val < 16#10000 ->
-    <<Val:16>>;
-eint_bin_positive2(Val) when Val < 16#1000000 ->
-    <<Val:24>>;
-eint_bin_positive2(Val) when Val < 16#100000000 ->
-    <<Val:32>>;
-eint_bin_positive2(Val) ->
-    [eint_bin_positive2(Val bsr 32)|<<Val:32>>].
-
-
-
-
-enint(-1, [B1|T]) when B1 > 127 ->
-    list_to_binary([B1|T]);
-enint(N, Acc) ->
-    enint(N bsr 8, [N band 16#ff|Acc]).
-
-
-%% X.691:10.9 Encoding of a length determinant
-%%encode_small_length(undefined,Len) -> % null means no UpperBound
-%%    encode_small_number(Len).
-
-%% X.691:10.9.3.5 
-%% X.691:10.9.3.7
-encode_length(undefined,Len) -> % un-constrained
-    if 
-	Len < 128 ->
-	    <<Len>>;
-	Len < 16384 ->
-	    <<2:2,Len:14>>;
-	true  -> % should be able to endode length >= 16384
-	    error({error,{asn1,{encode_length,{nyi,above_16k}}}})
-    end;
-
-encode_length({0,'MAX'},Len) ->
-    encode_length(undefined,Len);
-encode_length(Vr={Lb,Ub},Len) when Ub =< 65535 ,Lb >= 0 -> % constrained
-    encode_constrained_number(Vr,Len);
-encode_length({Lb,_Ub},Len) when is_integer(Lb), Lb >= 0 -> % Ub > 65535
-    encode_length(undefined,Len);
-encode_length({Vr={Lb,Ub},Ext},Len) 
-  when Ub =< 65535 ,Lb >= 0, Len=<Ub, is_list(Ext) -> 
-    %% constrained extensible
-    [<<0:1>>,encode_constrained_number(Vr,Len)];
-encode_length({{Lb,_Ub},Ext},Len) when is_list(Ext) ->
-    [<<1:1>>,encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb,Len)];
-encode_length(SingleValue,_Len) when is_integer(SingleValue) ->
-    [].
-
-%% X.691 10.9.3.4 (only used for length of bitmap that prefixes extension 
-%% additions in a sequence or set
-encode_small_length(Len) when Len =< 64 ->
-    <<(Len-1):7>>;
-encode_small_length(Len) ->
-    [<<1:1>>,encode_length(undefined,Len)].
-
-
-%% un-constrained
-decode_length(<<0:1,Oct:7,Rest/bitstring>>,undefined)  ->
-    {Oct,Rest};
-decode_length(<<2:2,Val:14,Rest/bitstring>>,undefined)  ->
-    {Val,Rest};
-decode_length(<<3:2,_:14,_Rest/bitstring>>,undefined)  ->
-    exit({error,{asn1,{decode_length,{nyi,above_16k}}}});
-
-decode_length(Buffer,{Lb,Ub}) when Ub =< 65535 ,Lb >= 0 -> % constrained
-    decode_constrained_number(Buffer,{Lb,Ub});
-decode_length(Buffer,{Lb,_}) when is_integer(Lb), Lb >= 0 -> % Ub > 65535
-    decode_length(Buffer,undefined);
-decode_length(Buffer,{VR={_Lb,_Ub},Ext}) when is_list(Ext) ->
-    {0,Buffer2} = getbit(Buffer),
-    decode_length(Buffer2, VR);
-	
-
-%When does this case occur with {_,_Lb,Ub} ??
-% X.691:10.9.3.5 
-decode_length(Bin,{_,_Lb,_Ub}) -> %when Len =< 127 -> % Unconstrained or large Ub NOTE! this case does not cover case when Ub > 65535
-    case Bin of
-	<<0:1,Val:7,Rest/bitstring>> -> 
-	    {Val,Rest};
-	<<2:2,Val:14,Rest/bitstring>> -> 
-	    {Val,Rest};
-	<<3:2,_:14,_Rest/bitstring>> -> 
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{decode_length,{nyi,length_above_64K}}}})
-    end;
-decode_length(Buffer,SingleValue) when is_integer(SingleValue) ->
-    {SingleValue,Buffer}.
-
-
-						% X.691:11
-encode_boolean(true) ->
-    <<1:1>>;
-encode_boolean(false) ->
-    <<0:1>>;
-encode_boolean({Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_boolean(Val);
-encode_boolean(Val) ->
-    exit({error,{asn1,{encode_boolean,Val}}}).
-
-
-%%============================================================================
-%%============================================================================
-%% Bitstring value, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.5
-%%============================================================================
-%%============================================================================
-
-%%============================================================================
-%% encode bitstring value
-%%============================================================================
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% bitstring NamedBitList
-%% Val can be  of:
-%% - [identifiers] where only named identifers are set to one, 
-%%   the Constraint must then have some information of the 
-%%   bitlength.
-%% - [list of ones and zeroes] all bits 
-%% - integer value representing the bitlist
-%% C is constraint Len, only valid when identifiers
-
-
-%% when the value is a list of {Unused,BinBits}, where 
-%% Unused = integer(),
-%% BinBits = binary().
-
-encode_bit_string(C,Bin={Unused,BinBits},NamedBitList) when is_integer(Unused),
-							    is_binary(BinBits) ->
-    encode_bin_bit_string(get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint'),Bin,NamedBitList);
-
-encode_bit_string(C, BitListVal, NamedBitList) ->
-    encode_bit_string1(get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint'), BitListVal, NamedBitList).
-%% when the value is a list of named bits
-encode_bit_string1(C, LoNB=[FirstVal | _RestVal], NamedBitList) when is_atom(FirstVal) ->
-    ToSetPos = get_all_bitposes(LoNB, NamedBitList, []),
-    BitList = make_and_set_list(ToSetPos,0),
-    encode_bit_string1(C,BitList,NamedBitList);
-
-encode_bit_string1(C, BL=[{bit,_No} | _RestVal], NamedBitList) ->
-    ToSetPos = get_all_bitposes(BL, NamedBitList, []),
-    BitList = make_and_set_list(ToSetPos,0),
-    encode_bit_string1(C,BitList,NamedBitList);
-%% when the value is a list of ones and zeroes
-encode_bit_string1(Int, BitListValue, _) 
-  when is_list(BitListValue),is_integer(Int) ->
-    %% The type is constrained by a single value size constraint
-    bit_list2bitstr(Int,BitListValue);
-encode_bit_string1(no, BitListValue,[]) 
-  when is_list(BitListValue) ->
-    Len = length(BitListValue),
-    [encode_length(undefined,Len),bit_list2bitstr(Len,BitListValue)];
-encode_bit_string1(C, BitListValue,[]) 
-  when is_list(BitListValue) ->
-    Len = length(BitListValue),
-    [encode_length(C,Len),bit_list2bitstr(Len,BitListValue)];
-encode_bit_string1(no, BitListValue,_NamedBitList) 
-  when is_list(BitListValue) ->
-    %% this case with an unconstrained BIT STRING can be made more efficient
-    %% if the complete driver can take a special code so the length field
-    %% is encoded there.
-    NewBitLVal = lists:reverse(lists:dropwhile(fun(0)->true;(1)->false end,
-					    lists:reverse(BitListValue))),
-    Len = length(NewBitLVal),
-    [encode_length(undefined,Len),bit_list2bitstr(Len,NewBitLVal)];
-encode_bit_string1(C,BitListValue,_NamedBitList) 
-  when is_list(BitListValue) ->% C = {_,'MAX'}
-    NewBitStr = bitstr_trailing_zeros(BitListValue,C),
-    [encode_length(C,bit_size(NewBitStr)),NewBitStr];
-
-
-%% when the value is an integer
-encode_bit_string1(C, IntegerVal, NamedBitList) when is_integer(IntegerVal)->
-    BitList = int_to_bitlist(IntegerVal),
-    encode_bit_string1(C,BitList,NamedBitList);
-
-%% when the value is a tuple
-encode_bit_string1(C,{Name,Val}, NamedBitList) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_bit_string1(C,Val,NamedBitList).
-
-bit_list2bitstr(Len,BitListValue) ->
-    case length(BitListValue) of
-	Len ->
-	    << <<B:1>> ||B <- BitListValue>>;
-	L when L > Len -> % truncate
-	    << << <<B:1>> ||B <- BitListValue>> :Len/bitstring>>;
-	L -> % Len > L -> pad
-	    << << <<B:1>> ||B <- BitListValue>>/bitstring ,0:(Len-L)>>
-	end.
-
-adjust_trailing_zeros(Len,Bin) when Len == bit_size(Bin) ->
-    Bin;
-adjust_trailing_zeros(Len,Bin) when Len > bit_size(Bin) ->
-    <<Bin/bitstring,0:(Len-bit_size(Bin))>>;
-adjust_trailing_zeros(Len,Bin) ->
-    <<Bin:Len/bitstring>>.
-
-bitstr_trailing_zeros(BitList,C) when is_integer(C) ->
-    bitstr_trailing_zeros1(BitList,C,C);
-bitstr_trailing_zeros(BitList,{Lb,Ub}) when is_integer(Lb) ->
-    bitstr_trailing_zeros1(BitList,Lb,Ub);
-bitstr_trailing_zeros(BitList,{{Lb,Ub},_}) when is_integer(Lb) ->
-    bitstr_trailing_zeros1(BitList,Lb,Ub);
-bitstr_trailing_zeros(BitList,_) ->
-    bit_list2bitstr(length(BitList),BitList).
-
-bitstr_trailing_zeros1(BitList,Lb,Ub) ->
-    case length(BitList) of
-	Lb -> bit_list2bitstr(Lb,BitList);
-	B when B<Lb -> bit_list2bitstr(Lb,BitList);
-	D -> F = fun(L,LB,LB,_,_)->bit_list2bitstr(LB,lists:reverse(L));
-		    ([0|R],L1,LB,UB,Fun)->Fun(R,L1-1,LB,UB,Fun);
-		    (L,L1,_,UB,_)when L1 =< UB -> 
-			 bit_list2bitstr(L1,lists:reverse(L));
-		    (_,_L1,_,_,_) ->exit({error,{list_length_BIT_STRING,
-						 BitList}}) end,
-	     F(lists:reverse(BitList),D,Lb,Ub,F)
-    end.
-
-%% encode_bin_bit_string/3, when value is a tuple of Unused and BinBits.
-%% Unused = integer(),i.e. number unused bits in least sign. byte of
-%% BinBits = binary().
-encode_bin_bit_string(C,{_,BinBits},_NamedBitList)
-  when is_integer(C),C=<16 ->
-    adjust_trailing_zeros(C,BinBits);
-encode_bin_bit_string(C,{_Unused,BinBits},_NamedBitList)
-  when is_integer(C) ->
-    adjust_trailing_zeros(C,BinBits);
-encode_bin_bit_string(C,UnusedAndBin={_,_},NamedBitList) ->
-    %% removes all trailing bits if NamedBitList is not empty
-    BitStr = remove_trailing_bin(NamedBitList,UnusedAndBin),
-    case C of
-	{Lb,Ub} when is_integer(Lb),is_integer(Ub) ->
-	    [encode_length({Lb,Ub},bit_size(BitStr)),BitStr];
-	no ->
-	    [encode_length(undefined,bit_size(BitStr)),BitStr];
-	Sc -> 
-	    [encode_length(Sc,bit_size(BitStr)),BitStr]
-    end.
-
-
-remove_trailing_bin([], {Unused,Bin}) ->
-    BS = bit_size(Bin)-Unused,
-    <<BitStr:BS/bitstring,_:Unused>> = Bin,
-    BitStr;
-remove_trailing_bin(_NamedNumberList,{_Unused,<<>>}) ->
-    <<>>;
-remove_trailing_bin(NamedNumberList, {_Unused,Bin}) ->
-    Size = size(Bin)-1,
-    <<Bfront:Size/binary, LastByte:8>> = Bin,
-
-    %% clear the Unused bits to be sure
-    Unused1 = trailingZeroesInNibble(LastByte band 15),
-    Unused2 = 
-	case Unused1 of 
-	    4 ->
-		4 + trailingZeroesInNibble(LastByte bsr 4);
-	    _ -> Unused1
-	end,
-    case Unused2 of
-	8 ->
-	    remove_trailing_bin(NamedNumberList,{0,Bfront});
-	_ ->
-	    BS = bit_size(Bin) - Unused2,
-	    <<BitStr:BS/bitstring,_:Unused2>> = Bin,
-	    BitStr
-    end.
-
-trailingZeroesInNibble(0) ->
-    4;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(1) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(2) ->
-    1;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(3) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(4) ->
-    2;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(5) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(6) ->
-    1;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(7) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(8) ->
-    3;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(9) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(10) ->
-    1;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(11) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(12) -> %#1100
-    2;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(13) ->
-    0;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(14) ->
-    1;
-trailingZeroesInNibble(15) ->
-    0.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% The result is presented as a list of named bits (if possible)
-%% else as a tuple {Unused,Bits}. Unused is the number of unused
-%% bits, least significant bits in the last byte of Bits. Bits is
-%% the BIT STRING represented as a binary.
-%% 
-decode_compact_bit_string(Buffer, C, NamedNumberList) ->
-    case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of
-	0 -> % fixed length
-	    {{8,0},Buffer};
-	V when is_integer(V),V=<16 -> %fixed length 16 bits or less
-	    compact_bit_string(Buffer,V,NamedNumberList);
-	V when is_integer(V),V=<65536 -> %fixed length > 16 bits
-	    compact_bit_string(Buffer,V,NamedNumberList);
-	V when is_integer(V) -> % V > 65536 => fragmented value
-	    {Bin,Buffer2} = decode_fragmented_bits(Buffer,V),
-	    PadLen = (8 - (bit_size(Bin) rem 8)) rem 8,
-	    {{PadLen,<<Bin/bitstring,0:PadLen>>},Buffer2};
-%% 		{0,_} -> {{0,Bin},Buffer2};
-%% 		{U,_} -> {{8-U,Bin},Buffer2}
-	{Lb,Ub} when is_integer(Lb),is_integer(Ub) ->
-	    %% This case may demand decoding of fragmented length/value
-	    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Buffer,{Lb,Ub}),
-	    compact_bit_string(Bytes2,Len,NamedNumberList);
-	no ->
-	    %% This case may demand decoding of fragmented length/value
-	    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Buffer,undefined),
-	    compact_bit_string(Bytes2,Len,NamedNumberList);
-	Sc ->
-	    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Buffer,Sc),
-	    compact_bit_string(Bytes2,Len,NamedNumberList)
-    end.
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% The result is presented as a list of named bits (if possible)
-%% else as a list of 0 and 1.
-%% 
-decode_bit_string(Buffer, C, NamedNumberList) ->
-    case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of
-	{Lb,Ub} when is_integer(Lb),is_integer(Ub) ->
-	    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Buffer,{Lb,Ub}),
-	    bit_list_or_named(Bytes2,Len,NamedNumberList);
-	no ->
-	    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Buffer,undefined),
-	    bit_list_or_named(Bytes2,Len,NamedNumberList);
-	0 -> % fixed length
-	    {[],Buffer}; % nothing to encode
-	V when is_integer(V),V=<16 -> % fixed length 16 bits or less
-	    bit_list_or_named(Buffer,V,NamedNumberList);
-	V when is_integer(V),V=<65536 ->
-	    bit_list_or_named(Buffer,V,NamedNumberList);
-	V when is_integer(V) ->
-	    {BinBits,_} = decode_fragmented_bits(Buffer,V),
-	    bit_list_or_named(BinBits,V,NamedNumberList);
-	Sc -> % extension marker
-	    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Buffer,Sc),
-	    bit_list_or_named(Bytes2,Len,NamedNumberList)
-    end.
-
-
-%% if no named bits are declared we will return a
-%% {Unused,Bits}. Unused = integer(),
-%% Bits = binary().
-compact_bit_string(Buffer,Len,[]) ->
-    {BitStr,Rest} = getbits_as_binary(Len,Buffer), % {{Unused,BinBits},NewBuffer}
-    PadLen = (8 - (bit_size(BitStr) rem 8)) rem 8,
-    {{PadLen,<<BitStr/bitstring,0:PadLen>>},Rest};
-compact_bit_string(Buffer,Len,NamedNumberList) ->
-    bit_list_or_named(Buffer,Len,NamedNumberList).
-
-
-%% if no named bits are declared we will return a
-%% BitList = [0 | 1]
-
-bit_list_or_named(Buffer,Len,[]) ->
-    getbits_as_list(Len,Buffer);
-
-%% if there are named bits declared we will return a named
-%% BitList where the names are atoms and unnamed bits represented
-%% as {bit,Pos}
-%% BitList = [atom() | {bit,Pos}]
-%% Pos = integer()
-
-bit_list_or_named(Buffer,Len,NamedNumberList) ->
-    {BitList,Rest} = getbits_as_list(Len,Buffer),
-    {bit_list_or_named1(0,BitList,NamedNumberList,[]), Rest}.
-
-bit_list_or_named1(Pos,[0|Bt],Names,Acc) ->
-    bit_list_or_named1(Pos+1,Bt,Names,Acc);
-bit_list_or_named1(Pos,[1|Bt],Names,Acc) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(Pos,2,Names) of
-	{value,{Name,_}} ->
-	    bit_list_or_named1(Pos+1,Bt,Names,[Name|Acc]);
-	_  -> 
-	    bit_list_or_named1(Pos+1,Bt,Names,[{bit,Pos}|Acc])
-    end;
-bit_list_or_named1(_,[],_,Acc) ->
-    lists:reverse(Acc).
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% 
-
-int_to_bitlist(Int) when is_integer(Int), Int > 0 ->
-    [Int band 1 | int_to_bitlist(Int bsr 1)];
-int_to_bitlist(0) ->
-    [].
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% get_all_bitposes([list of named bits to set], named_bit_db, []) ->
-%%   [sorted_list_of_bitpositions_to_set]
-
-get_all_bitposes([{bit,ValPos}|Rest], NamedBitList, Ack) ->
-    get_all_bitposes(Rest, NamedBitList, [ValPos | Ack ]);
-
-get_all_bitposes([Val | Rest], NamedBitList, Ack) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(Val, 1, NamedBitList) of
-	{value, {_ValName, ValPos}} ->
-	    get_all_bitposes(Rest, NamedBitList, [ValPos | Ack]);
-	_ ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1, {bitstring_namedbit, Val}}})
-    end;
-get_all_bitposes([], _NamedBitList, Ack) ->
-    lists:sort(Ack).
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% make_and_set_list([list of positions to set to 1])->
-%% returns list with all in SetPos set.
-%% in positioning in list the first element is 0, the second 1 etc.., but
-%% 
-
-make_and_set_list([XPos|SetPos], XPos) ->
-    [1 | make_and_set_list(SetPos, XPos + 1)];
-make_and_set_list([Pos|SetPos], XPos) ->
-    [0 | make_and_set_list([Pos | SetPos], XPos + 1)];
-make_and_set_list([], _) ->
-    [].
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% X.691:16
-%% encode_octet_string(Constraint,Val)
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-encode_octet_string(C,{_Name,Val}) ->
-    encode_octet_string(C,Val);
-encode_octet_string(C,Val) ->
-    case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of
-	0 ->
-	    <<>>;
-	1 ->
-	    list_to_binary(Val);
-	2 ->
-	    list_to_binary(Val);
-	{_,_}=VR  ->
-	    try
-		[encode_length(VR, length(Val)),list_to_binary(Val)]
-	    catch
-		error:{error,{asn1,{encode_length,_}}} ->
-		    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
-	    end;
-	Sv when is_integer(Sv), Sv =:= length(Val) -> % fixed length
-	    if
-		Sv =< 65535 ->
-		    list_to_binary(Val);
-		true ->
-		    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
-	    end;
-	Sv when is_list(Sv) ->
-	    try
-		[encode_length({hd(Sv),lists:max(Sv)},
-			       length(Val)),list_to_binary(Val)]
-	    catch
-		error:{error,{asn1,{encode_length,_}}} ->
-		    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
-	    end;
-	no  ->
-	    try
-		[encode_length(undefined, length(Val)),list_to_binary(Val)]
-	    catch
-		error:{error,{asn1,{encode_length,_}}} ->
-		    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
-	    end
-    end.
-
-encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val) ->
-    Bin = list_to_binary(Val),
-    efos_1(Bin).
-
-efos_1(<<B:16#10000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
-    [<<3:2,4:6>>,B|efos_1(T)];
-efos_1(<<B:16#C000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
-    [<<3:2,3:6>>,B|efos_1(T)];
-efos_1(<<B:16#8000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
-    [<<3:2,2:6>>,B|efos_1(T)];
-efos_1(<<B:16#4000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
-    [<<3:2,1:6>>,B|efos_1(T)];
-efos_1(<<B/bitstring>>) ->
-    Len = byte_size(B),
-    [encode_length(undefined, Len),B].
-
-decode_fragmented(SegSz0, Buf0, Unit) ->
-    SegSz = SegSz0 * Unit * ?'16K',
-    <<Res:SegSz/bitstring,Buf/bitstring>> = Buf0,
-    decode_fragmented_1(Buf, Unit, Res).
-
-decode_fragmented_1(<<0:1,N:7,Buf0/bitstring>>, Unit, Res) ->
-    Sz = N*Unit,
-    <<S:Sz/bitstring,Buf/bitstring>> = Buf0,
-    {<<Res/bitstring,S/bitstring>>,Buf};
-decode_fragmented_1(<<1:1,0:1,N:14,Buf0/bitstring>>, Unit, Res) ->
-    Sz = N*Unit,
-    <<S:Sz/bitstring,Buf/bitstring>> = Buf0,
-    {<<Res/bitstring,S/bitstring>>,Buf};
-decode_fragmented_1(<<1:1,1:1,SegSz0:6,Buf0/bitstring>>, Unit, Res0) ->
-    SegSz = SegSz0 * Unit * ?'16K',
-    <<Frag:SegSz/bitstring,Buf/bitstring>> = Buf0,
-    Res = <<Res0/bitstring,Frag/bitstring>>,
-    decode_fragmented_1(Buf, Unit, Res).
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% Restricted char string types 
-%% (NumericString, PrintableString,VisibleString,IA5String,BMPString,UniversalString)
-%% X.691:26 and X.680:34-36
-%%encode_restricted_string('BMPString',Constraints,Extension,Val)
-
-
-encode_restricted_string({Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_restricted_string(Val);
-
-encode_restricted_string(Val) when is_list(Val)->
-    [encode_length(undefined,length(Val)),list_to_binary(Val)].
-
-encode_known_multiplier_string(StringType,C,{Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_known_multiplier_string(StringType,C,Val);
-
-encode_known_multiplier_string(StringType,C,Val) ->
-    Result = chars_encode(C,StringType,Val),
-    NumBits = get_NumBits(C,StringType),
-    case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of
-	Ub when is_integer(Ub), Ub*NumBits =< 16  ->
-	    Result;
-	0 ->
-	    [];
-	Ub when is_integer(Ub),Ub =<65535 -> % fixed length
-	    Result;
-	{Ub,Lb} ->
-	    [encode_length({Ub,Lb},length(Val)),Result];
-	Vl when is_list(Vl) ->
-	    [encode_length({lists:min(Vl),lists:max(Vl)},length(Val)),Result];
-	no  ->
-	    [encode_length(undefined,length(Val)),Result]
-    end.
-
-decode_restricted_string(Bytes) ->
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    getoctets_as_list(Bytes2,Len).
-
-decode_known_multiplier_string(Bytes,StringType,C,_Ext) ->
-    NumBits = get_NumBits(C,StringType),
-    case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of
-	Ub when is_integer(Ub), Ub*NumBits =< 16  ->
-	    chars_decode(Bytes,NumBits,StringType,C,Ub);
-	Ub when is_integer(Ub),Ub =<65535 -> % fixed length
-	    chars_decode(Bytes,NumBits,StringType,C,Ub);
-	0 ->
-	    {[],Bytes};
-	Vl when is_list(Vl) ->
-	    {Len,Bytes1} = decode_length(Bytes,{hd(Vl),lists:max(Vl)}),
-	    chars_decode(Bytes1,NumBits,StringType,C,Len);
-	no  ->
-	    {Len,Bytes1} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-	    chars_decode(Bytes1,NumBits,StringType,C,Len);
-	{Lb,Ub}->
-	    {Len,Bytes1} = decode_length(Bytes,{Lb,Ub}),
-	    chars_decode(Bytes1,NumBits,StringType,C,Len)
-    end.
-
-
-encode_NumericString(C,Val) ->
-    encode_known_multiplier_string('NumericString',C,Val).
-decode_NumericString(Bytes,C) ->
-    decode_known_multiplier_string(Bytes,'NumericString',C,false).
-
-encode_PrintableString(C,Val) ->
-    encode_known_multiplier_string('PrintableString',C,Val).
-decode_PrintableString(Bytes,C) ->
-    decode_known_multiplier_string(Bytes,'PrintableString',C,false).
-
-encode_VisibleString(C,Val) -> % equivalent with ISO646String
-    encode_known_multiplier_string('VisibleString',C,Val).
-decode_VisibleString(Bytes,C) ->
-    decode_known_multiplier_string(Bytes,'VisibleString',C,false).
-
-encode_IA5String(C,Val) ->
-    encode_known_multiplier_string('IA5String',C,Val).
-decode_IA5String(Bytes,C) ->
-    decode_known_multiplier_string(Bytes,'IA5String',C,false).
-
-encode_BMPString(C,Val) ->
-    encode_known_multiplier_string('BMPString',C,Val).
-decode_BMPString(Bytes,C) ->
-    decode_known_multiplier_string(Bytes,'BMPString',C,false).
-
-encode_UniversalString(C,Val) ->
-    encode_known_multiplier_string('UniversalString',C,Val).
-decode_UniversalString(Bytes,C) ->
-    decode_known_multiplier_string(Bytes,'UniversalString',C,false).
-
-    
-%% end of known-multiplier strings for which PER visible constraints are
-%% applied
-
-encode_GeneralString(_C,Val) ->
-    encode_restricted_string(Val).
-decode_GeneralString(Bytes,_C) ->
-    decode_restricted_string(Bytes).
-
-encode_GraphicString(_C,Val) ->
-    encode_restricted_string(Val).
-decode_GraphicString(Bytes,_C) ->
-    decode_restricted_string(Bytes).
-
-encode_ObjectDescriptor(_C,Val) ->
-    encode_restricted_string(Val).
-decode_ObjectDescriptor(Bytes) ->
-    decode_restricted_string(Bytes).
-
-encode_TeletexString(_C,Val) -> % equivalent with T61String
-    encode_restricted_string(Val).
-decode_TeletexString(Bytes,_C) ->
-    decode_restricted_string(Bytes).
-
-encode_VideotexString(_C,Val) ->
-    encode_restricted_string(Val).
-decode_VideotexString(Bytes,_C) ->
-    decode_restricted_string(Bytes).
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% getBMPChars(Bytes,Len) ->{BMPcharList,RemainingBytes}
-%%
-getBMPChars(Bytes,1) ->
-    {O1,Bytes2} = getbits(Bytes,8),
-    {O2,Bytes3} = getbits(Bytes2,8),
-    if 
-	O1 == 0 ->
-	    {[O2],Bytes3};
-	true ->
-	    {[{0,0,O1,O2}],Bytes3}
-    end;
-getBMPChars(Bytes,Len) ->
-    getBMPChars(Bytes,Len,[]).
-
-getBMPChars(Bytes,0,Acc) ->
-    {lists:reverse(Acc),Bytes};
-getBMPChars(Bytes,Len,Acc) ->
-    {Octs,Bytes1} = getoctets_as_list(Bytes,2),
-    case Octs of
-	[0,O2] ->
-	    getBMPChars(Bytes1,Len-1,[O2|Acc]);
-	[O1,O2]->
-	    getBMPChars(Bytes1,Len-1,[{0,0,O1,O2}|Acc])
-    end.
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% chars_encode(C,StringType,Value) -> ValueList
-%%
-%% encodes chars according to the per rules taking the constraint PermittedAlphabet 
-%% into account.
-%% This function does only encode the value part and NOT the length
-
-chars_encode(C,StringType,Value) ->
-    case {StringType,get_constraint(C,'PermittedAlphabet')} of
-	{'UniversalString',{_,_Sv}} ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{'not implemented',"UniversalString with PermittedAlphabet constraint"}}});
-	{'BMPString',{_,_Sv}} ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,{'not implemented',"BMPString with PermittedAlphabet constraint"}}});
-	_ ->
-	    {NumBits,CharOutTab} = {get_NumBits(C,StringType),get_CharOutTab(C,StringType)}, 
-	    chars_encode2(Value,NumBits,CharOutTab)
-    end.
-
-chars_encode2([H|T],NumBits,{Min,Max,notab}) when  H =< Max, H >= Min ->
-    %%[{bits,NumBits,H-Min}|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,notab})];
-    [<<(H-Min):NumBits>>|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,notab})];
-chars_encode2([H|T],NumBits,{Min,Max,Tab}) when H =< Max, H >= Min ->
-%%    [{bits,NumBits,exit_if_false(H,element(H-Min+1,Tab))}|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,Tab})];
-    Ch = exit_if_false(H,element(H-Min+1,Tab)),
-    [<<Ch:NumBits>>|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,Tab})];
-chars_encode2([{A,B,C,D}|T],NumBits,{Min,Max,notab}) -> 
-    %% no value range check here (ought to be, but very expensive)
-%%    [{bits,NumBits,((((((A bsl 8)+B) bsl 8)+C) bsl 8)+D)-Min}|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,notab})];
-    Ch = ((((((A bsl 8)+B) bsl 8)+C) bsl 8)+D)-Min,
-    [<<Ch:NumBits>>|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,notab})];
-chars_encode2([{A,B,C,D}|T],NumBits,{Min,Max,Tab}) -> 
-    %% no value range check here (ought to be, but very expensive)
-%%    [{bits,NumBits,exit_if_false({A,B,C,D},element(((((((A bsl 8)+B) bsl 8)+C) bsl 8)+D)-Min,Tab))}|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,notab})];
-    Ch = exit_if_false({A,B,C,D},element(((((((A bsl 8)+B) bsl 8)+C) bsl 8)+D)-Min,Tab)),
-    [<<Ch:NumBits>>|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,notab})];
-chars_encode2([H|_T],_,{_,_,_}) ->
-    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_char_value,H}}});
-chars_encode2([],_,_) ->
-    [].
-
-exit_if_false(V,false)->
-    exit({error,{asn1,{"illegal value according to Permitted alphabet constraint",V}}});
-exit_if_false(_,V) ->V.
-
-
-get_NumBits(C,StringType) ->
-    case get_constraint(C,'PermittedAlphabet') of
-	{'SingleValue',Sv} ->
-	    charbits(length(Sv));
-	no ->
-	    case StringType of
-		'IA5String' ->
-		    charbits(128); % 16#00..16#7F
-		'VisibleString' ->
-		    charbits(95); % 16#20..16#7E
-		'PrintableString' ->
-		    charbits(74); % [$\s,$',$(,$),$+,$,,$-,$.,$/,"0123456789",$:,$=,$?,$A..$Z,$a..$z
-		'NumericString' ->
-		    charbits(11); % $ ,"0123456789"
-		'UniversalString' ->
-		    32;
-		'BMPString' ->
-		    16
-	    end
-    end.
-
-get_CharOutTab(C,StringType) ->
-    get_CharTab(C,StringType,out).
-
-get_CharInTab(C,StringType) ->
-    get_CharTab(C,StringType,in).
-
-get_CharTab(C,StringType,InOut) ->
-    case get_constraint(C,'PermittedAlphabet') of
-	{'SingleValue',Sv} ->
-	    get_CharTab2(C,StringType,hd(Sv),lists:max(Sv),Sv,InOut);
-	no ->
-	    case StringType of
-		'IA5String' ->
-		    {0,16#7F,notab};
-		'VisibleString' ->
-		    get_CharTab2(C,StringType,16#20,16#7F,notab,InOut);
-		'PrintableString' ->
-		    Chars = lists:sort(
-			      " '()+,-./0123456789:=?ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"),
-		    get_CharTab2(C,StringType,hd(Chars),lists:max(Chars),Chars,InOut);
-		'NumericString' ->
-		    get_CharTab2(C,StringType,16#20,$9," 0123456789",InOut);
-		'UniversalString' ->
-		    {0,16#FFFFFFFF,notab};
-		'BMPString' ->
-		    {0,16#FFFF,notab}
-	    end
-    end.
-
-get_CharTab2(C,StringType,Min,Max,Chars,InOut) ->
-    BitValMax = (1 bsl get_NumBits(C,StringType))-1,
-    if
-	Max =< BitValMax ->
-	    {0,Max,notab};
-	true ->
-	    case InOut of
-		out ->
-		    {Min,Max,create_char_tab(Min,Chars)};
-		in  ->
-		    {Min,Max,list_to_tuple(Chars)}
-	    end
-    end.
-
-create_char_tab(Min,L) ->
-    list_to_tuple(create_char_tab(Min,L,0)).
-create_char_tab(Min,[Min|T],V) ->
-    [V|create_char_tab(Min+1,T,V+1)];
-create_char_tab(_Min,[],_V) ->
-    [];
-create_char_tab(Min,L,V) ->
-    [false|create_char_tab(Min+1,L,V)].
-
-%% See Table 20.3 in Dubuisson
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 2 -> 1;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 4 -> 2;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 8 -> 3;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 16 -> 4;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 32 -> 5;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 64 -> 6;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 128 -> 7;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 256 -> 8;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 512 -> 9;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 1024 -> 10;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 2048 -> 11;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 4096 -> 12;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 8192 -> 13;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 16384 -> 14;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 32768 -> 15;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 65536 -> 16;
-charbits(NumOfChars) when is_integer(NumOfChars) ->
-    16 + charbits1(NumOfChars bsr 16).
-
-charbits1(0) ->
-    0;
-charbits1(NumOfChars) ->
-    1 + charbits1(NumOfChars bsr 1).
-
-
-chars_decode(Bytes,_,'BMPString',C,Len) ->
-    case get_constraint(C,'PermittedAlphabet') of
-	no ->
-	    getBMPChars(Bytes,Len);
-	_ ->
-	    exit({error,{asn1,
-			 {'not implemented',
-			  "BMPString with PermittedAlphabet constraint"}}})
-    end;
-chars_decode(Bytes,NumBits,StringType,C,Len) ->	
-    CharInTab = get_CharInTab(C,StringType),
-    chars_decode2(Bytes,CharInTab,NumBits,Len).
-
-
-chars_decode2(Bytes,CharInTab,NumBits,Len) ->
-    chars_decode2(Bytes,CharInTab,NumBits,Len,[]).
-
-chars_decode2(Bytes,_CharInTab,_NumBits,0,Acc) ->
-    {lists:reverse(Acc),Bytes};
-chars_decode2(Bytes,{Min,Max,notab},NumBits,Len,Acc) when NumBits > 8 ->
-    {Char,Bytes2} = getbits(Bytes,NumBits),
-    Result = 
-	if
-	    Char < 256 -> Char;
-	    true ->
-		list_to_tuple(binary_to_list(<<Char:32>>))
-	end,
-    chars_decode2(Bytes2,{Min,Max,notab},NumBits,Len -1,[Result|Acc]);
-chars_decode2(Bytes,{Min,Max,notab},NumBits,Len,Acc) ->
-    {Char,Bytes2} = getbits(Bytes,NumBits),
-    chars_decode2(Bytes2,{Min,Max,notab},NumBits,Len -1,[Char+Min|Acc]);
-
-%% BMPString and UniversalString with PermittedAlphabet is currently not supported
-chars_decode2(Bytes,{Min,Max,CharInTab},NumBits,Len,Acc) ->
-    {Char,Bytes2} = getbits(Bytes,NumBits),
-    chars_decode2(Bytes2,{Min,Max,CharInTab},NumBits,Len -1,[element(Char+1,CharInTab)|Acc]).
-
-
-%% UTF8String
-encode_UTF8String(Val) when is_binary(Val) ->
-    [encode_length(undefined,size(Val)),Val];
-encode_UTF8String(Val) ->
-    Bin = list_to_binary(Val),
-    encode_UTF8String(Bin).
-
-decode_UTF8String(Bytes) ->
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    getoctets_as_bin(Bytes2,Len).
-    
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% encode_object_identifier(Val) -> CompleteList
-%% encode_object_identifier({Name,Val}) -> CompleteList
-%% Val -> {Int1,Int2,...,IntN} % N >= 2
-%% Name -> atom()
-%% Int1 -> integer(0..2)
-%% Int2 -> integer(0..39) when Int1 (0..1) else integer()
-%% Int3-N -> integer()
-%% CompleteList -> [binary()|bitstring()|list()]
-%%
-encode_object_identifier({Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_object_identifier(Val);
-encode_object_identifier(Val) ->
-    OctetList = e_object_identifier(Val),
-    Octets = list_to_binary(OctetList), % performs a flatten at the same time
-    [encode_length(undefined,size(Octets)),Octets].
-
-%% This code is copied from asn1_encode.erl (BER) and corrected and modified 
-
-e_object_identifier({'OBJECT IDENTIFIER',V}) ->
-    e_object_identifier(V);
-e_object_identifier({Cname,V}) when is_atom(Cname),is_tuple(V) ->
-    e_object_identifier(tuple_to_list(V));
-e_object_identifier({Cname,V}) when is_atom(Cname),is_list(V) ->
-    e_object_identifier(V);
-e_object_identifier(V) when is_tuple(V) ->
-    e_object_identifier(tuple_to_list(V));
-
-%% E1 = 0|1|2 and (E2 < 40 when E1 = 0|1) 
-e_object_identifier([E1,E2|Tail]) when E1 >= 0, E1 < 2, E2 < 40 ; E1==2 ->
-    Head = 40*E1 + E2,  % weird
-    e_object_elements([Head|Tail],[]);
-e_object_identifier(Oid=[_,_|_Tail]) ->
-    exit({error,{asn1,{'illegal_value',Oid}}}).
-
-e_object_elements([],Acc) ->
-    lists:reverse(Acc);
-e_object_elements([H|T],Acc) ->
-    e_object_elements(T,[e_object_element(H)|Acc]).
-
-e_object_element(Num) when Num < 128 ->
-    [Num];
-e_object_element(Num) ->
-    [e_o_e(Num bsr 7)|[Num band 2#1111111]].
-e_o_e(Num) when Num < 128 ->
-    Num bor 2#10000000;
-e_o_e(Num) ->
-    [e_o_e(Num bsr 7)|[(Num band 2#1111111) bor 2#10000000]].
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% decode_object_identifier(Bytes) -> {ObjId,RemainingBytes}
-%% ObjId -> {integer(),integer(),...} % at least 2 integers
-%% RemainingBytes -> [integer()] when integer() (0..255)
-decode_object_identifier(Bytes) ->
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    {Octs,Bytes3} = getoctets_as_list(Bytes2,Len),
-    [First|Rest] = dec_subidentifiers(Octs,0,[]),
-    Idlist = if
-		 First < 40 ->
-		     [0,First|Rest];
-		 First < 80 ->
-		     [1,First - 40|Rest];
-		 true ->
-		     [2,First - 80|Rest]
-	     end,
-    {list_to_tuple(Idlist),Bytes3}.
-
-dec_subidentifiers([H|T],Av,Al) when H >=16#80 ->
-    dec_subidentifiers(T,(Av bsl 7) + (H band 16#7F),Al);
-dec_subidentifiers([H|T],Av,Al) ->
-    dec_subidentifiers(T,0,[(Av bsl 7) + H |Al]);
-dec_subidentifiers([],_Av,Al) ->
-    lists:reverse(Al).
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% encode_relative_oid(Val) -> CompleteList
-%% encode_relative_oid({Name,Val}) -> CompleteList
-encode_relative_oid({Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_relative_oid(Val);
-encode_relative_oid(Val) when is_tuple(Val) ->
-    encode_relative_oid(tuple_to_list(Val));
-encode_relative_oid(Val) when is_list(Val) ->
-    Octets = list_to_binary([e_object_element(X)||X <- Val]),
-    [encode_length(undefined,size(Octets)),Octets].
-    
-    
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% decode_relative_oid(Val) -> CompleteList
-%% decode_relative_oid({Name,Val}) -> CompleteList
-decode_relative_oid(Bytes) ->
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    {Octs,Bytes3} = getoctets_as_list(Bytes2,Len),
-    ObjVals = dec_subidentifiers(Octs,0,[]),
-    {list_to_tuple(ObjVals),Bytes3}.
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% encode_real(Val) -> CompleteList
-%% encode_real({Name,Val}) -> CompleteList
-encode_real({Name,Val}) when is_atom(Name) ->
-    encode_real(Val);
-encode_real(Real) ->
-    {EncVal,Len} = ?RT_COMMON:encode_real([],Real),
-    [encode_length(undefined,Len),EncVal].
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% decode_real(Val) -> {REALvalue,Rest}
-%% decode_real({Name,Val}) -> {REALvalue,Rest}
-decode_real(Bytes) ->
-    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes,undefined),
-    <<Bytes3:Len/binary,Rest/bitstring>> = Bytes2,
-    {RealVal,Rest,Len} = ?RT_COMMON:decode_real(Bytes3,Len),
-    {RealVal,Rest}.
-
-
-get_constraint([{Key,V}],Key) ->
-    V;
-get_constraint([],_Key) ->
-    no;
-get_constraint(C,Key) ->
-    case lists:keysearch(Key,1,C) of
-	false ->
-	    no;
-	{value,{_,V}} -> 
-	    V
-    end.
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% complete(InList) -> ByteList
-%% Takes a coded list with bits and bytes and converts it to a list of bytes
-%% Should be applied as the last step at encode of a complete ASN.1 type
-%%
-complete(InList) when is_list(InList) ->
-    case complete1(InList) of
-	<<>> ->
-	    <<0>>;
-	Res ->
-	    case bit_size(Res) band 7 of
-		0 -> Res;
-		Bits -> <<Res/bitstring,0:(8-Bits)>>
-	end
-    end;
-complete(InList) when is_binary(InList) ->
-    InList;
-complete(InList) when is_bitstring(InList) ->
-    PadLen = 8 - (bit_size(InList) band 7),
-    <<InList/bitstring,0:PadLen>>.
-
-complete1(L) when is_list(L) ->
-    list_to_bitstring(L).
-
-%% Special version of complete that does not align the completed message.
-complete_NFP(InList) when is_list(InList) ->
-    list_to_bitstring(InList);
-complete_NFP(InList) when is_bitstring(InList) ->
-    InList.
-
-%% unaligned helpers
-
-%% 10.5.6 NOTE: If "range" satisfies the inequality 2^m < "range" =<
-%% 2^(m+1) then the number of bits = m + 1
-
-num_bits(N) ->
-    num_bits(N,1,0).
-num_bits(N,T,B) when N=<T->B;
-num_bits(N,T,B) ->num_bits(N,T bsl 1, B+1).
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..889a421e4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,1561 @@
+%%
+%% %CopyrightBegin%
+%%
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2012. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+%%
+%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+%% under the License.
+%%
+%% %CopyrightEnd%
+%%
+
+-module(asn1rtt_ber).
+
+%% encoding / decoding of BER
+
+-export([ber_decode_nif/1,ber_decode_erlang/1,match_tags/2,ber_encode/1]).
+-export([encode_tags/2,
+	 encode_tags/3,
+	 skip_ExtensionAdditions/2]).
+-export([encode_boolean/2,decode_boolean/2,
+	 encode_integer/2,encode_integer/3,
+	 decode_integer/3,decode_integer/4,
+	 encode_enumerated/2,decode_enumerated/3,
+	 encode_bit_string/4,
+	 decode_named_bit_string/3,
+	 decode_compact_bit_string/3,
+	 decode_legacy_bit_string/3,
+	 decode_native_bit_string/3,
+	 encode_null/2,decode_null/2,
+	 encode_relative_oid/2,decode_relative_oid/2,
+	 encode_object_identifier/2,decode_object_identifier/2,
+	 encode_restricted_string/2,
+	 decode_restricted_string/2,decode_restricted_string/3,
+	 encode_universal_string/2,decode_universal_string/3,
+	 encode_UTF8_string/2,decode_UTF8_string/2,
+	 encode_BMP_string/2,decode_BMP_string/3,
+	 encode_generalized_time/2,decode_generalized_time/3,
+	 encode_utc_time/2,decode_utc_time/3]).
+
+-export([encode_open_type/2,decode_open_type/2,
+	 decode_open_type_as_binary/2]).
+
+-export([decode_primitive_incomplete/2,decode_selective/2]).
+
+%% For DER.
+-export([dynamicsort_SET_components/1,dynamicsort_SETOF/1]).
+
+%% the encoding of class of tag bits 8 and 7
+-define(UNIVERSAL,   0).
+-define(APPLICATION, 16#40).
+-define(CONTEXT,     16#80).
+-define(PRIVATE,     16#C0).
+
+%%% primitive or constructed encoding % bit 6
+-define(PRIMITIVE,   0).
+-define(CONSTRUCTED, 2#00100000).
+
+%%% The tag-number for universal types
+-define(N_BOOLEAN, 1).
+-define(N_INTEGER, 2).
+-define(N_BIT_STRING, 3).
+-define(N_OCTET_STRING, 4).
+-define(N_NULL, 5).
+-define(N_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER, 6).
+-define(N_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR, 7).
+-define(N_EXTERNAL, 8).
+-define(N_REAL, 9).
+-define(N_ENUMERATED, 10).
+-define(N_EMBEDDED_PDV, 11).
+-define(N_SEQUENCE, 16).
+-define(N_SET, 17).
+-define(N_NumericString, 18).
+-define(N_PrintableString, 19).
+-define(N_TeletexString, 20).
+-define(N_VideotexString, 21).
+-define(N_IA5String, 22).
+-define(N_UTCTime, 23).
+-define(N_GeneralizedTime, 24).
+-define(N_GraphicString, 25).
+-define(N_VisibleString, 26).
+-define(N_GeneralString, 27).
+-define(N_UniversalString, 28).
+-define(N_BMPString, 30).
+
+
+% the complete tag-word of built-in types
+-define(T_BOOLEAN,          ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 1).
+-define(T_INTEGER,          ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 2).
+-define(T_BIT_STRING,       ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 3). % can be CONSTRUCTED
+-define(T_OCTET_STRING,     ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 4). % can be CONSTRUCTED
+-define(T_NULL,             ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 5).
+-define(T_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 6).
+-define(T_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR,?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 7).
+-define(T_EXTERNAL,         ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 8).
+-define(T_REAL,             ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 9).
+-define(T_ENUMERATED,       ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 10).
+-define(T_EMBEDDED_PDV,     ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 11).
+-define(T_SEQUENCE,         ?UNIVERSAL bor ?CONSTRUCTED bor 16).
+-define(T_SET,              ?UNIVERSAL bor ?CONSTRUCTED bor 17).
+-define(T_NumericString,    ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 18). %can be constructed
+-define(T_PrintableString,  ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 19). %can be constructed
+-define(T_TeletexString,    ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 20). %can be constructed
+-define(T_VideotexString,   ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 21). %can be constructed
+-define(T_IA5String,        ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 22). %can be constructed
+-define(T_UTCTime,          ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 23).
+-define(T_GeneralizedTime,  ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 24).
+-define(T_GraphicString,    ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 25). %can be constructed
+-define(T_VisibleString,    ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 26). %can be constructed
+-define(T_GeneralString,    ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 27). %can be constructed
+-define(T_UniversalString,  ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 28). %can be constructed
+-define(T_BMPString,        ?UNIVERSAL bor ?PRIMITIVE bor 30). %can be constructed
+
+ber_encode([Tlv]) ->
+    ber_encode(Tlv);
+ber_encode(Tlv) when is_binary(Tlv) ->
+    Tlv;
+ber_encode(Tlv) ->
+    asn1rt_nif:encode_ber_tlv(Tlv).
+
+ber_decode_nif(B) ->
+    asn1rt_nif:decode_ber_tlv(B).
+
+ber_decode_erlang(B) when is_binary(B) ->
+    decode_primitive(B);
+ber_decode_erlang(Tlv) ->
+    {Tlv,<<>>}.
+
+decode_primitive(Bin) ->
+    {Form,TagNo,V,Rest} = decode_tag_and_length(Bin),
+    case Form of
+	1 -> % constructed
+	    {{TagNo,decode_constructed(V)},Rest};
+	0 -> % primitive
+	    {{TagNo,V},Rest};
+	2 -> % constructed indefinite
+	    {Vlist,Rest2} = decode_constructed_indefinite(V,[]),
+	    {{TagNo,Vlist},Rest2}
+    end.
+
+decode_constructed(Bin) when byte_size(Bin) =:= 0 ->
+    [];
+decode_constructed(Bin) ->
+    {Tlv,Rest} = decode_primitive(Bin),
+    [Tlv|decode_constructed(Rest)].
+
+decode_constructed_indefinite(<<0,0,Rest/binary>>,Acc) ->
+    {lists:reverse(Acc),Rest};
+decode_constructed_indefinite(Bin,Acc) ->
+    {Tlv,Rest} = decode_primitive(Bin),
+    decode_constructed_indefinite(Rest, [Tlv|Acc]).
+
+%% decode_primitive_incomplete/2 decodes an encoded message incomplete
+%% by help of the pattern attribute (first argument).
+decode_primitive_incomplete([[default,TagNo]],Bin) -> %default
+    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
+	{Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
+	    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,[],Rest);
+	_ ->
+	    %{asn1_DEFAULT,Bin}
+	    asn1_NOVALUE
+    end;
+decode_primitive_incomplete([[default,TagNo,Directives]],Bin) -> %default, constructed type, Directives points into this type
+    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
+	{Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
+	    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,Directives,Rest);
+	_ ->
+	    %{asn1_DEFAULT,Bin}
+	    asn1_NOVALUE
+    end;
+decode_primitive_incomplete([[opt,TagNo]],Bin) -> %optional
+    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
+	{Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
+	    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,[],Rest);
+	_ ->
+	    %{{TagNo,asn1_NOVALUE},Bin}
+	    asn1_NOVALUE
+    end;
+decode_primitive_incomplete([[opt,TagNo,Directives]],Bin) -> %optional
+    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
+	{Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
+	    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,Directives,Rest);
+	_ ->
+	    %{{TagNo,asn1_NOVALUE},Bin}
+	    asn1_NOVALUE
+    end;
+%% An optional that shall be undecoded
+decode_primitive_incomplete([[opt_undec,Tag]],Bin) ->
+    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
+	{_,Tag,_,_} ->
+	    decode_incomplete_bin(Bin);
+	_ ->
+	    asn1_NOVALUE
+    end;
+%% A choice alternative that shall be undecoded
+decode_primitive_incomplete([[alt_undec,TagNo]|RestAlts],Bin) ->
+    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
+	{_,TagNo,_,_} ->
+	    decode_incomplete_bin(Bin);
+	_ ->
+	    decode_primitive_incomplete(RestAlts,Bin)
+    end;
+decode_primitive_incomplete([[alt,TagNo]|RestAlts],Bin) ->
+    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
+	{_Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
+	    {{TagNo,V},Rest};
+	_ ->
+	    decode_primitive_incomplete(RestAlts,Bin)
+    end;
+decode_primitive_incomplete([[alt,TagNo,Directives]|RestAlts],Bin) ->
+    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
+	{Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
+	    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,Directives,Rest);
+	_ ->
+	    decode_primitive_incomplete(RestAlts,Bin)
+    end;
+decode_primitive_incomplete([[alt_parts,TagNo]],Bin) ->
+    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
+	{_Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
+	    {{TagNo,V},Rest};
+	_ ->
+	    asn1_NOVALUE
+    end;
+decode_primitive_incomplete([[alt_parts,TagNo]|RestAlts],Bin) ->
+    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
+	{_Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
+	    {{TagNo,decode_parts_incomplete(V)},Rest};
+	_ ->
+	    decode_primitive_incomplete(RestAlts,Bin)
+    end;
+decode_primitive_incomplete([[undec,_TagNo]|_RestTag],Bin) -> %incomlete decode
+    decode_incomplete_bin(Bin);
+decode_primitive_incomplete([[parts,TagNo]|_RestTag],Bin) ->
+    case decode_tag_and_length(Bin) of
+	{_Form,TagNo,V,Rest} ->
+	    {{TagNo,decode_parts_incomplete(V)},Rest};
+	Err ->
+	    {error,{asn1,"tag failure",TagNo,Err}}
+    end;
+decode_primitive_incomplete([mandatory|RestTag],Bin) ->
+    {Form,TagNo,V,Rest} = decode_tag_and_length(Bin),
+    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,RestTag,Rest);
+%% A choice that is a toptype or a mandatory component of a
+%% SEQUENCE or SET.
+decode_primitive_incomplete([[mandatory|Directives]],Bin) ->
+    {Form,TagNo,V,Rest} = decode_tag_and_length(Bin),
+    decode_incomplete2(Form,TagNo,V,Directives,Rest);
+decode_primitive_incomplete([],Bin) ->
+    decode_primitive(Bin).
+
+%% decode_parts_incomplete/1 receives a number of values encoded in
+%% sequence and returns the parts as unencoded binaries
+decode_parts_incomplete(<<>>) ->
+    [];
+decode_parts_incomplete(Bin) ->
+    {ok,Rest} = skip_tag(Bin),
+    {ok,Rest2} = skip_length_and_value(Rest),
+    LenPart = byte_size(Bin) - byte_size(Rest2),
+    <<Part:LenPart/binary,RestBin/binary>> = Bin,
+    [Part|decode_parts_incomplete(RestBin)].
+
+
+%% decode_incomplete2 checks if V is a value of a constructed or
+%% primitive type, and continues the decode propeerly.
+decode_incomplete2(_Form=2,TagNo,V,TagMatch,_) ->
+    %% constructed indefinite length
+    {Vlist,Rest2} = decode_constr_indef_incomplete(TagMatch,V,[]),
+    {{TagNo,Vlist},Rest2};
+decode_incomplete2(1,TagNo,V,[TagMatch],Rest) when is_list(TagMatch) ->
+    {{TagNo,decode_constructed_incomplete(TagMatch,V)},Rest};
+decode_incomplete2(1,TagNo,V,TagMatch,Rest) ->
+    {{TagNo,decode_constructed_incomplete(TagMatch,V)},Rest};
+decode_incomplete2(0,TagNo,V,_TagMatch,Rest) ->
+    {{TagNo,V},Rest}.
+
+decode_constructed_incomplete([Tags=[Ts]],Bin) when is_list(Ts) ->
+    decode_constructed_incomplete(Tags,Bin);
+decode_constructed_incomplete(_TagMatch,<<>>) ->
+    [];
+decode_constructed_incomplete([mandatory|RestTag],Bin) ->
+    {Tlv,Rest} = decode_primitive(Bin),
+    [Tlv|decode_constructed_incomplete(RestTag,Rest)];
+decode_constructed_incomplete(Directives=[[Alt,_]|_],Bin)
+  when Alt =:= alt_undec; Alt =:= alt; Alt =:= alt_parts ->
+    {_Form,TagNo,V,Rest} = decode_tag_and_length(Bin),
+    case incomplete_choice_alt(TagNo, Directives) of
+	{alt_undec,_} ->
+	    LenA = byte_size(Bin) - byte_size(Rest),
+	    <<A:LenA/binary,Rest/binary>> = Bin,
+	    A;
+	{alt,InnerDirectives} ->
+	    {Tlv,Rest} = decode_primitive_incomplete(InnerDirectives,V),
+	    {TagNo,Tlv};
+	{alt_parts,_} ->
+	    [{TagNo,decode_parts_incomplete(V)}];
+	no_match -> %% if a choice alternative was encoded that
+	    %% was not specified in the config file,
+	    %% thus decode component anonomous.
+	    {Tlv,_}=decode_primitive(Bin),
+	    Tlv
+    end;
+decode_constructed_incomplete([TagNo|RestTag],Bin) ->
+    case decode_primitive_incomplete([TagNo],Bin) of
+	{Tlv,Rest} ->
+	    [Tlv|decode_constructed_incomplete(RestTag,Rest)];
+	asn1_NOVALUE ->
+	    decode_constructed_incomplete(RestTag,Bin)
+    end;
+decode_constructed_incomplete([],Bin) ->
+    {Tlv,Rest}=decode_primitive(Bin),
+    [Tlv|decode_constructed_incomplete([],Rest)].
+
+decode_constr_indef_incomplete(_TagMatch,<<0,0,Rest/binary>>,Acc) ->
+    {lists:reverse(Acc),Rest};
+decode_constr_indef_incomplete([Tag|RestTags],Bin,Acc) ->
+    case decode_primitive_incomplete([Tag],Bin) of
+	{Tlv,Rest} ->
+	    decode_constr_indef_incomplete(RestTags,Rest,[Tlv|Acc]);
+	asn1_NOVALUE ->
+	    decode_constr_indef_incomplete(RestTags,Bin,Acc)
+    end.
+
+
+decode_incomplete_bin(Bin) ->
+    {ok,Rest} = skip_tag(Bin),
+    {ok,Rest2} = skip_length_and_value(Rest),
+    IncLen = byte_size(Bin) - byte_size(Rest2),
+    <<IncBin:IncLen/binary,Ret/binary>> = Bin,
+    {IncBin,Ret}.
+
+incomplete_choice_alt(TagNo,[[Alt,TagNo]|Directives]) ->
+    {Alt,Directives};
+incomplete_choice_alt(TagNo,[D]) when is_list(D) ->
+    incomplete_choice_alt(TagNo,D);
+incomplete_choice_alt(TagNo,[_H|Directives]) ->
+    incomplete_choice_alt(TagNo,Directives);
+incomplete_choice_alt(_,[]) ->
+    no_match.
+
+
+%% decode_selective(Pattern, Binary) the first argument is a pattern that tells
+%% what to do with the next element the second is the BER encoded
+%% message as a binary
+%% Returns {ok,Value} or {error,Reason}
+%% Value is a binary that in turn must be decoded to get the decoded
+%% value.
+decode_selective([],Binary) ->
+    {ok,Binary};
+decode_selective([skip|RestPattern],Binary)->
+    {ok,RestBinary}=skip_tag(Binary),
+    {ok,RestBinary2}=skip_length_and_value(RestBinary),
+    decode_selective(RestPattern,RestBinary2);
+decode_selective([[skip_optional,Tag]|RestPattern],Binary) ->
+    case skip_optional_tag(Tag,Binary) of
+	{ok,RestBinary} ->
+	    {ok,RestBinary2}=skip_length_and_value(RestBinary),
+	    decode_selective(RestPattern,RestBinary2);
+	missing ->
+	    decode_selective(RestPattern,Binary)
+    end;
+decode_selective([[choosen,Tag]],Binary) ->
+    return_value(Tag,Binary);
+decode_selective([[choosen,Tag]|RestPattern],Binary) ->
+    case skip_optional_tag(Tag,Binary) of
+	{ok,RestBinary} ->
+	    {ok,Value} = get_value(RestBinary),
+	    decode_selective(RestPattern,Value);
+	missing ->
+	    {ok,<<>>}
+    end;
+decode_selective(P,_) ->
+    {error,{asn1,{partial_decode,"bad pattern",P}}}.
+
+return_value(Tag,Binary) ->
+    {ok,{Tag,RestBinary}}=get_tag(Binary),
+    {ok,{LenVal,_RestBinary2}} = get_length_and_value(RestBinary),
+    {ok,<<Tag/binary,LenVal/binary>>}.
+
+
+%% skip_tag and skip_length_and_value are rutines used both by
+%% decode_partial_incomplete and decode_selective (decode/2).
+
+skip_tag(<<_:3,31:5,Rest/binary>>)->
+    skip_long_tag(Rest);
+skip_tag(<<_:3,_Tag:5,Rest/binary>>) ->
+    {ok,Rest}.
+
+skip_long_tag(<<1:1,_:7,Rest/binary>>) ->
+    skip_long_tag(Rest);
+skip_long_tag(<<0:1,_:7,Rest/binary>>) ->
+    {ok,Rest}.
+
+skip_optional_tag(<<>>,Binary) ->
+    {ok,Binary};
+skip_optional_tag(<<Tag,RestTag/binary>>,<<Tag,Rest/binary>>) ->
+    skip_optional_tag(RestTag,Rest);
+skip_optional_tag(_,_) ->
+    missing.
+
+
+skip_length_and_value(Binary) ->
+    case decode_length(Binary) of
+	{indefinite,RestBinary} ->
+	    skip_indefinite_value(RestBinary);
+	{Length,RestBinary} ->
+	    <<_:Length/unit:8,Rest/binary>> = RestBinary,
+	    {ok,Rest}
+    end.
+
+skip_indefinite_value(<<0,0,Rest/binary>>) ->
+    {ok,Rest};
+skip_indefinite_value(Binary) ->
+    {ok,RestBinary}=skip_tag(Binary),
+    {ok,RestBinary2} = skip_length_and_value(RestBinary),
+    skip_indefinite_value(RestBinary2).
+
+get_value(Binary) ->
+    case decode_length(Binary) of
+	{indefinite,RestBinary} ->
+	    get_indefinite_value(RestBinary,[]);
+	{Length,RestBinary} ->
+	    <<Value:Length/binary,_Rest/binary>> = RestBinary,
+	    {ok,Value}
+    end.
+
+get_indefinite_value(<<0,0,_Rest/binary>>,Acc) ->
+    {ok,list_to_binary(lists:reverse(Acc))};
+get_indefinite_value(Binary,Acc) ->
+    {ok,{Tag,RestBinary}}=get_tag(Binary),
+    {ok,{LenVal,RestBinary2}} = get_length_and_value(RestBinary),
+    get_indefinite_value(RestBinary2,[LenVal,Tag|Acc]).
+
+get_tag(<<H:1/binary,Rest/binary>>) ->
+    case H of
+	<<_:3,31:5>> ->
+	    get_long_tag(Rest,[H]);
+	_ -> {ok,{H,Rest}}
+    end.
+get_long_tag(<<H:1/binary,Rest/binary>>,Acc) ->
+    case H of
+	<<0:1,_:7>> ->
+	    {ok,{list_to_binary(lists:reverse([H|Acc])),Rest}};
+	_ ->
+	    get_long_tag(Rest,[H|Acc])
+    end.
+
+get_length_and_value(Bin = <<0:1,Length:7,_T/binary>>) ->
+    <<Len,Val:Length/binary,Rest/binary>> = Bin,
+    {ok,{<<Len,Val/binary>>, Rest}};
+get_length_and_value(Bin = <<1:1,0:7,_T/binary>>) ->
+    get_indefinite_length_and_value(Bin);
+get_length_and_value(<<1:1,LL:7,T/binary>>) ->
+    <<Length:LL/unit:8,Rest/binary>> = T,
+    <<Value:Length/binary,Rest2/binary>> = Rest,
+    {ok,{<<1:1,LL:7,Length:LL/unit:8,Value/binary>>,Rest2}}.
+
+get_indefinite_length_and_value(<<H,T/binary>>) ->
+    get_indefinite_length_and_value(T,[H]).
+
+get_indefinite_length_and_value(<<0,0,Rest/binary>>,Acc) ->
+    {ok,{list_to_binary(lists:reverse(Acc)),Rest}};
+get_indefinite_length_and_value(Binary,Acc) ->
+    {ok,{Tag,RestBinary}}=get_tag(Binary),
+    {ok,{LenVal,RestBinary2}}=get_length_and_value(RestBinary),
+    get_indefinite_length_and_value(RestBinary2,[LenVal,Tag|Acc]).
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% match_tags takes a Tlv (Tag, Length, Value) structure and matches
+%% it with the tags in TagList. If the tags does not match the function
+%% crashes otherwise it returns the remaining Tlv after that the tags have
+%% been removed.
+%%
+%% match_tags(Tlv, TagList)
+%%
+
+match_tags({T,V}, [T]) ->
+    V;
+match_tags({T,V}, [T|Tt]) ->
+    match_tags(V,Tt);
+match_tags([{T,V}], [T|Tt]) ->
+    match_tags(V, Tt);
+match_tags([{T,_V}|_]=Vlist, [T]) ->
+    Vlist;
+match_tags(Tlv, []) ->
+    Tlv;
+match_tags({Tag,_V}=Tlv, [T|_Tt]) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{wrong_tag,{{expected,T},{got,Tag,Tlv}}}}}).
+
+%%%
+%% skips components that do not match a tag in Tags
+skip_ExtensionAdditions([], _Tags) ->
+    [];
+skip_ExtensionAdditions([{Tag,_}|Rest]=TLV, Tags) ->
+    case [X || X=T <- Tags, T =:= Tag] of
+	[] ->
+	    %% skip this TLV and continue with next
+	    skip_ExtensionAdditions(Rest,Tags);
+	_ ->
+	    TLV
+    end.
+
+
+%%===============================================================================
+%% Decode a tag
+%%
+%% decode_tag(OctetListBuffer) -> {{Form, (Class bsl 16)+ TagNo}, RestOfBuffer, RemovedBytes}
+%%===============================================================================
+
+decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, Form:1, TagNo:5, 0:1, Length:7, V:Length/binary, RestBuffer/binary>>) when TagNo < 31 ->
+    {Form, (Class bsl 16) bor TagNo, V, RestBuffer};
+decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, 1:1, TagNo:5, 1:1, 0:7, T/binary>>) when TagNo < 31 ->
+    {2, (Class bsl 16) + TagNo, T, <<>>};
+decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, Form:1, TagNo:5, 1:1, LL:7, Length:LL/unit:8,V:Length/binary, T/binary>>) when TagNo < 31 ->
+    {Form, (Class bsl 16) bor TagNo, V, T};
+decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, Form:1, 31:5, 0:1, TagNo:7, 0:1, Length:7, V:Length/binary, RestBuffer/binary>>) ->
+    {Form, (Class bsl 16) bor TagNo, V, RestBuffer};
+decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, 1:1, 31:5, 0:1, TagNo:7, 1:1, 0:7, T/binary>>)  ->
+    {2, (Class bsl 16) bor TagNo, T, <<>>};
+decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, Form:1, 31:5, 0:1, TagNo:7, 1:1, LL:7, Length:LL/unit:8, V:Length/binary, T/binary>>)  ->
+    {Form, (Class bsl 16) bor TagNo, V, T};
+decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, Form:1, 31:5, 1:1, TagPart1:7, 0:1, TagPartLast, Buffer/binary>>) ->
+    TagNo = (TagPart1 bsl 7) bor TagPartLast,
+    {Length, RestBuffer} = decode_length(Buffer),
+    << V:Length/binary, RestBuffer2/binary>> = RestBuffer,
+    {Form, (Class bsl 16) bor TagNo, V, RestBuffer2};
+decode_tag_and_length(<<Class:2, Form:1, 31:5, Buffer/binary>>) ->
+    {TagNo, Buffer1} = decode_tag(Buffer, 0),
+    {Length, RestBuffer} = decode_length(Buffer1),
+    << V:Length/binary, RestBuffer2/binary>> = RestBuffer,
+    {Form, (Class bsl 16) bor TagNo, V, RestBuffer2}.
+
+
+
+%% last partial tag
+decode_tag(<<0:1,PartialTag:7, Buffer/binary>>, TagAck) ->
+    TagNo = (TagAck bsl 7) bor PartialTag,
+    {TagNo, Buffer};
+% more tags
+decode_tag(<<_:1,PartialTag:7, Buffer/binary>>, TagAck) ->
+    TagAck1 = (TagAck bsl 7) bor PartialTag,
+    decode_tag(Buffer, TagAck1).
+
+%%=======================================================================
+%%
+%% Encode all tags in the list Tags and return a possibly deep list of
+%% bytes with tag and length encoded
+%% The taglist must be in reverse order (fixed by the asn1 compiler)
+%% e.g [T1,T2] will result in
+%% {[EncodedT2,EncodedT1|BytesSoFar],LenSoFar+LenT2+LenT1}
+%%
+
+encode_tags([Tag|Trest], BytesSoFar, LenSoFar) ->
+    {Bytes2,L2} = encode_length(LenSoFar),
+    encode_tags(Trest, [Tag,Bytes2|BytesSoFar],
+		 LenSoFar + byte_size(Tag) + L2);
+encode_tags([], BytesSoFar, LenSoFar) ->
+    {BytesSoFar,LenSoFar}.
+
+encode_tags(TagIn, {BytesSoFar,LenSoFar}) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, BytesSoFar, LenSoFar).
+
+%%===============================================================================
+%%
+%% This comment is valid for all the encode/decode functions
+%%
+%% C = Constraint -> typically {'ValueRange',LowerBound,UpperBound}
+%%     used for PER-coding but not for BER-coding.
+%%
+%% Val = Value.  If Val is an atom then it is a symbolic integer value
+%%       (i.e the atom must be one of the names in the NamedNumberList).
+%%       The NamedNumberList is used to translate the atom to an integer value
+%%       before encoding.
+%%
+%%===============================================================================
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% encode_open_type(Value) -> io_list (i.e nested list with integers, binaries)
+%% Value = list of bytes of an already encoded value (the list must be flat)
+%%         | binary
+
+encode_open_type(Val, T) when is_list(Val) ->
+    encode_open_type(list_to_binary(Val), T);
+encode_open_type(Val, []) ->
+    {Val,byte_size(Val)};
+encode_open_type(Val, Tag) ->
+    encode_tags(Tag, Val, byte_size(Val)).
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% decode_open_type(Tlv, TagIn) -> Value
+%% Tlv = {Tag,V} | V where V -> binary()
+%% TagIn = [TagVal] where TagVal -> int()
+%% Value = binary with decoded data (which must be decoded again as some type)
+%%
+decode_open_type(Tlv, TagIn) ->
+    case match_tags(Tlv, TagIn) of
+	Bin when is_binary(Bin) ->
+	    {InnerTlv,_} = ber_decode_nif(Bin),
+	    InnerTlv;
+	TlvBytes -> TlvBytes
+    end.
+
+decode_open_type_as_binary(Tlv, TagIn)->
+    ber_encode(match_tags(Tlv, TagIn)).
+
+%%===============================================================================
+%%===============================================================================
+%%===============================================================================
+%% Boolean, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.2
+%%===============================================================================
+%%===============================================================================
+%%===============================================================================
+
+%%===============================================================================
+%% encode_boolean(Integer, ReversedTagList) -> {[Octet],Len}
+%%===============================================================================
+
+encode_boolean(true, TagIn) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, [16#FF],1);
+encode_boolean(false, TagIn) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, [0],1);
+encode_boolean(X,_) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1, {encode_boolean, X}}}).
+
+
+%%===============================================================================
+%% decode_boolean(BuffList, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {true, Remain, RemovedBytes} |
+%%                                               {false, Remain, RemovedBytes}
+%%===============================================================================
+decode_boolean(Tlv,TagIn) ->
+    Val = match_tags(Tlv, TagIn),
+    case Val of
+	<<0:8>> ->
+	    false;
+	<<_:8>> ->
+	    true;
+	_ ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1, {decode_boolean, Val}}})
+    end.
+
+
+%%===========================================================================
+%% Integer, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.3
+
+%% encode_integer(Constraint, Value, Tag) -> [octet list]
+%% encode_integer(Constraint, Name, NamedNumberList, Tag) -> [octet list]
+%%    Value = INTEGER | {Name,INTEGER}
+%%    Tag = tag | notag
+%%===========================================================================
+
+encode_integer(Val, Tag) when is_integer(Val) ->
+    encode_tags(Tag, encode_integer(Val));
+encode_integer(Val, _Tag) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{encode_integer,Val}}}).
+
+
+encode_integer(Val, NamedNumberList, Tag) when is_atom(Val) ->
+    case lists:keyfind(Val, 1, NamedNumberList) of
+	{_, NewVal} ->
+	    encode_tags(Tag, encode_integer(NewVal));
+	_ ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1, {encode_integer_namednumber, Val}}})
+    end;
+encode_integer(Val, _NamedNumberList, Tag) ->
+    encode_tags(Tag, encode_integer(Val)).
+
+encode_integer(Val) ->
+    Bytes =
+	if
+	    Val >= 0 ->
+		encode_integer_pos(Val, []);
+	    true ->
+		encode_integer_neg(Val, [])
+	end,
+    {Bytes,length(Bytes)}.
+
+encode_integer_pos(0, [B|_Acc]=L) when B < 128 ->
+    L;
+encode_integer_pos(N, Acc) ->
+    encode_integer_pos((N bsr 8), [N band 16#ff| Acc]).
+
+encode_integer_neg(-1, [B1|_T]=L) when B1 > 127 ->
+    L;
+encode_integer_neg(N, Acc) ->
+    encode_integer_neg(N bsr 8, [N band 16#ff|Acc]).
+
+%%===============================================================================
+%% decode integer
+%%    (Buffer, Range, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {Integer, Remain, RemovedBytes}
+%%    (Buffer, Range, NamedNumberList, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {Integer, Remain, RemovedBytes}
+%%===============================================================================
+
+decode_integer(Tlv, Range, NamedNumberList, TagIn) ->
+    V = match_tags(Tlv, TagIn),
+    Int = range_check_integer(decode_integer(V), Range),
+    number2name(Int, NamedNumberList).
+
+decode_integer(Tlv, Range, TagIn) ->
+    V = match_tags(Tlv, TagIn),
+    Int = decode_integer(V),
+    range_check_integer(Int, Range).
+
+decode_integer(Bin) ->
+    Len = byte_size(Bin),
+    <<Int:Len/signed-unit:8>> = Bin,
+    Int.
+
+range_check_integer(Int, Range) ->
+    case Range of
+	[] -> % No length constraint
+	    Int;
+	{Lb,Ub} when Int >= Lb, Ub >= Int -> % variable length constraint
+	    Int;
+	{_,_} ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{integer_range,Range,Int}}});
+	Int -> % fixed value constraint
+	    Int;
+	SingleValue when is_integer(SingleValue) ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{integer_range,Range,Int}}});
+	_ -> % some strange constraint that we don't support yet
+	    Int
+    end.
+
+number2name(Int, []) ->
+    Int;
+number2name(Int, NamedNumberList) ->
+    case lists:keyfind(Int, 2, NamedNumberList) of
+	{NamedVal,_} ->
+	    NamedVal;
+	_ ->
+	    Int
+    end.
+
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% Enumerated value, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.4
+
+%% encode enumerated value
+%%============================================================================
+encode_enumerated(Val, TagIn) when is_integer(Val) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, encode_integer(Val)).
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% decode enumerated value
+%%   (Buffer, Range, NamedNumberList, HasTag, TotalLen) ->  Value
+%%===========================================================================
+decode_enumerated(Tlv, NamedNumberList, Tags) ->
+    Buffer = match_tags(Tlv, Tags),
+    decode_enumerated_notag(Buffer, NamedNumberList, Tags).
+
+decode_enumerated_notag(Buffer, {NamedNumberList,ExtList}, _Tags) ->
+    IVal = decode_integer(Buffer),
+    case decode_enumerated1(IVal, NamedNumberList) of
+	{asn1_enum,IVal} ->
+	    decode_enumerated1(IVal,ExtList);
+	EVal ->
+	    EVal
+    end;
+decode_enumerated_notag(Buffer, NNList, _Tags) ->
+    IVal = decode_integer(Buffer),
+    case decode_enumerated1(IVal, NNList) of
+	{asn1_enum,_} ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1, {illegal_enumerated, IVal}}});
+	EVal ->
+	    EVal
+    end.
+
+decode_enumerated1(Val, NamedNumberList) ->
+    %% it must be a named integer
+    case lists:keyfind(Val, 2, NamedNumberList) of
+	{NamedVal, _} ->
+	    NamedVal;
+	_ ->
+	    {asn1_enum,Val}
+    end.
+
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% Bitstring value, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.6
+%%
+%% encode bitstring value
+%%
+%% bitstring NamedBitList
+%% Val can be  of:
+%% - [identifiers] where only named identifers are set to one,
+%%   the Constraint must then have some information of the
+%%   bitlength.
+%% - [list of ones and zeroes] all bits
+%% - integer value representing the bitlist
+%% C is constrint Len, only valid when identifiers
+%%============================================================================
+
+encode_bit_string(C, Bits, NamedBitList, TagIn) when is_bitstring(Bits) ->
+    PadLen = (8 - (bit_size(Bits) band 7)) band 7,
+    Compact = {PadLen,<<Bits/bitstring,0:PadLen>>},
+    encode_bin_bit_string(C, Compact, NamedBitList, TagIn);
+encode_bit_string(C,Bin={Unused,BinBits},NamedBitList,TagIn) when is_integer(Unused), is_binary(BinBits) ->
+    encode_bin_bit_string(C,Bin,NamedBitList,TagIn);
+encode_bit_string(C, [FirstVal | RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn) when is_atom(FirstVal) ->
+    encode_bit_string_named(C, [FirstVal | RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn);
+
+encode_bit_string(C, [{bit,X} | RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn) ->
+    encode_bit_string_named(C, [{bit,X} | RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn);
+
+encode_bit_string(C, [FirstVal| RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn) when is_integer(FirstVal) ->
+    encode_bit_string_bits(C, [FirstVal | RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn);
+
+encode_bit_string(_C, 0, _NamedBitList, TagIn) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, <<0>>,1);
+
+encode_bit_string(_C, [], _NamedBitList, TagIn) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, <<0>>,1);
+
+encode_bit_string(C, IntegerVal, NamedBitList, TagIn) when is_integer(IntegerVal) ->
+    BitListVal = int_to_bitlist(IntegerVal),
+    encode_bit_string_bits(C, BitListVal, NamedBitList, TagIn).
+
+
+int_to_bitlist(0) ->
+    [];
+int_to_bitlist(Int) when is_integer(Int), Int >= 0 ->
+    [Int band 1 | int_to_bitlist(Int bsr 1)].
+
+
+%%=================================================================
+%% Encode BIT STRING of the form {Unused,BinBits}.
+%% Unused is the number of unused bits in the last byte in BinBits
+%% and BinBits is a binary representing the BIT STRING.
+%%=================================================================
+encode_bin_bit_string(C,{Unused,BinBits},_NamedBitList,TagIn)->
+    case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of
+	no ->
+	    remove_unused_then_dotag(TagIn, Unused, BinBits);
+	{_Min,Max} ->
+	    BBLen = (byte_size(BinBits)*8)-Unused,
+	    if
+		BBLen > Max ->
+		    exit({error,{asn1,
+				 {bitstring_length,
+				  {{was,BBLen},{maximum,Max}}}}});
+		true ->
+		    remove_unused_then_dotag(TagIn, Unused, BinBits)
+	    end;
+	Size ->
+	    case ((byte_size(BinBits)*8)-Unused) of
+		BBSize when BBSize =< Size ->
+		    remove_unused_then_dotag(TagIn, Unused, BinBits);
+		BBSize  ->
+		    exit({error,{asn1,
+				 {bitstring_length,
+				  {{was,BBSize},{should_be,Size}}}}})
+	    end
+    end.
+
+remove_unused_then_dotag(TagIn,Unused,BinBits) ->
+    case Unused of
+	0 when byte_size(BinBits) =:= 0 ->
+	    encode_tags(TagIn, <<0>>, 1);
+	0 ->
+	    Bin = <<Unused,BinBits/binary>>,
+	    encode_tags(TagIn,Bin,size(Bin));
+	Num ->
+	    N = byte_size(BinBits)-1,
+	    <<BBits:N/binary,LastByte>> = BinBits,
+	    encode_tags(TagIn,
+			[Unused,binary_to_list(BBits) ++[(LastByte bsr Num) bsl Num]],
+			1+byte_size(BinBits))
+    end.
+
+
+%%=================================================================
+%% Encode named bits
+%%=================================================================
+
+encode_bit_string_named(C, [FirstVal | RestVal], NamedBitList, TagIn) ->
+    ToSetPos = get_all_bitposes([FirstVal | RestVal], NamedBitList, []),
+    Size =
+	case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of
+	    no ->
+		lists:max(ToSetPos)+1;
+	    {_Min,Max} ->
+		Max;
+	    TSize ->
+		TSize
+	end,
+    BitList = make_and_set_list(Size, ToSetPos, 0),
+    {Len, Unused, OctetList} = encode_bitstring(BitList),
+    encode_tags(TagIn, [Unused|OctetList],Len+1).
+
+
+%%----------------------------------------
+%% get_all_bitposes([list of named bits to set], named_bit_db, []) ->
+%%   [sorted_list_of_bitpositions_to_set]
+%%----------------------------------------
+
+get_all_bitposes([{bit,ValPos}|Rest], NamedBitList, Ack) ->
+    get_all_bitposes(Rest, NamedBitList, [ValPos | Ack ]);
+get_all_bitposes([Val | Rest], NamedBitList, Ack) when is_atom(Val) ->
+    case lists:keyfind(Val, 1, NamedBitList) of
+	{_ValName, ValPos} ->
+	    get_all_bitposes(Rest, NamedBitList, [ValPos | Ack]);
+	_ ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1, {bitstring_namedbit, Val}}})
+    end;
+get_all_bitposes([], _NamedBitList, Ack) ->
+    lists:sort(Ack).
+
+
+%%----------------------------------------
+%% make_and_set_list(Len of list to return, [list of positions to set to 1])->
+%% returns list of Len length, with all in SetPos set.
+%% in positioning in list the first element is 0, the second 1 etc.., but
+%% Len will make a list of length Len, not Len + 1.
+%%    BitList = make_and_set_list(C, ToSetPos, 0),
+%%----------------------------------------
+
+make_and_set_list(0, [], _) -> [];
+make_and_set_list(0, _, _) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,bitstring_sizeconstraint}});
+make_and_set_list(Len, [XPos|SetPos], XPos) ->
+    [1 | make_and_set_list(Len - 1, SetPos, XPos + 1)];
+make_and_set_list(Len, [Pos|SetPos], XPos) ->
+    [0 | make_and_set_list(Len - 1, [Pos | SetPos], XPos + 1)];
+make_and_set_list(Len, [], XPos) ->
+    [0 | make_and_set_list(Len - 1, [], XPos + 1)].
+
+
+
+
+
+
+%%=================================================================
+%% Encode bit string for lists of ones and zeroes
+%%=================================================================
+encode_bit_string_bits(C, BitListVal, _NamedBitList, TagIn) when is_list(BitListVal) ->
+    case get_constraint(C,'SizeConstraint') of
+	no ->
+	    {Len, Unused, OctetList} = encode_bitstring(BitListVal),
+	    %%add unused byte to the Len
+	    encode_tags(TagIn, [Unused | OctetList], Len+1);
+	Constr={Min,_Max} when is_integer(Min) ->
+	    %% Max may be an integer or 'MAX'
+	    encode_constr_bit_str_bits(Constr,BitListVal,TagIn);
+	{Constr={_,_},[]} ->%Constr={Min,Max}
+	    %% constraint with extension mark
+	    encode_constr_bit_str_bits(Constr,BitListVal,TagIn);
+	Constr={{_,_},{_,_}} ->%{{Min1,Max1},{Min2,Max2}}
+	    %% constraint with extension mark
+	    encode_constr_bit_str_bits(Constr,BitListVal,TagIn);
+	Size ->
+	    case length(BitListVal) of
+		BitSize when BitSize == Size ->
+		    {Len, Unused, OctetList} = encode_bitstring(BitListVal),
+		    %%add unused byte to the Len
+		    encode_tags(TagIn, [Unused | OctetList], Len+1);
+		BitSize when BitSize < Size ->
+		    PaddedList = pad_bit_list(Size-BitSize,BitListVal),
+		    {Len, Unused, OctetList} = encode_bitstring(PaddedList),
+		    %%add unused byte to the Len
+		    encode_tags(TagIn, [Unused | OctetList], Len+1);
+		BitSize ->
+		    exit({error,{asn1,
+			  {bitstring_length, {{was,BitSize},{should_be,Size}}}}})
+	    end
+
+    end.
+
+encode_constr_bit_str_bits({{_Min1,Max1},{Min2,Max2}},BitListVal,TagIn) ->
+    BitLen = length(BitListVal),
+    case BitLen of
+	Len when Len > Max2 ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{bitstring_length,{{was,BitLen},
+						 {maximum,Max2}}}}});
+	Len when Len > Max1, Len < Min2  ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{bitstring_length,{{was,BitLen},
+						 {not_allowed_interval,
+						  Max1,Min2}}}}});
+	_ ->
+	    {Len, Unused, OctetList} = encode_bitstring(BitListVal),
+	    %%add unused byte to the Len
+	    encode_tags(TagIn, [Unused, OctetList], Len+1)
+    end;
+encode_constr_bit_str_bits({Min,Max},BitListVal,TagIn) ->
+    BitLen = length(BitListVal),
+    if
+	BitLen > Max ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{bitstring_length,{{was,BitLen},
+						 {maximum,Max}}}}});
+	BitLen < Min ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{bitstring_length,{{was,BitLen},
+						 {minimum,Max}}}}});
+	true ->
+	    {Len, Unused, OctetList} = encode_bitstring(BitListVal),
+	    %%add unused byte to the Len
+	    encode_tags(TagIn, [Unused, OctetList], Len+1)
+    end.
+
+
+%% returns a list of length Size + length(BitListVal), with BitListVal
+%% as the most significant elements followed by padded zero elements
+pad_bit_list(Size, BitListVal) ->
+    Tail = lists:duplicate(Size,0),
+    lists:append(BitListVal, Tail).
+
+%%=================================================================
+%% Do the actual encoding
+%%     ([bitlist]) -> {ListLen, UnusedBits, OctetList}
+%%=================================================================
+
+encode_bitstring([B8, B7, B6, B5, B4, B3, B2, B1 | Rest]) ->
+    Val = (B8 bsl 7) bor (B7 bsl 6) bor (B6 bsl 5) bor (B5 bsl 4) bor
+	(B4 bsl 3) bor (B3 bsl 2) bor (B2 bsl 1) bor B1,
+    encode_bitstring(Rest, [Val], 1);
+encode_bitstring(Val) ->
+    {Unused, Octet} = unused_bitlist(Val, 7, 0),
+    {1, Unused, [Octet]}.
+
+encode_bitstring([B8, B7, B6, B5, B4, B3, B2, B1 | Rest], Ack, Len) ->
+    Val = (B8 bsl 7) bor (B7 bsl 6) bor (B6 bsl 5) bor (B5 bsl 4) bor
+	(B4 bsl 3) bor (B3 bsl 2) bor (B2 bsl 1) bor B1,
+    encode_bitstring(Rest, [Ack | [Val]], Len + 1);
+%%even multiple of 8 bits..
+encode_bitstring([], Ack, Len) ->
+    {Len, 0, Ack};
+%% unused bits in last octet
+encode_bitstring(Rest, Ack, Len) ->
+    {Unused, Val} = unused_bitlist(Rest, 7, 0),
+    {Len + 1, Unused, [Ack | [Val]]}.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% unused_bitlist([list of ones and zeros <= 7], 7, []) ->
+%%  {Unused bits, Last octet with bits moved to right}
+unused_bitlist([], Trail, Ack) ->
+    {Trail + 1, Ack};
+unused_bitlist([Bit | Rest], Trail, Ack) ->
+    unused_bitlist(Rest, Trail - 1, (Bit bsl Trail) bor Ack).
+
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% decode bitstring value
+%%============================================================================
+
+decode_compact_bit_string(Buffer, Range, Tags) ->
+    case match_and_collect(Buffer, Tags) of
+	<<0>> ->
+	    check_restricted_string({0,<<>>}, 0, Range);
+	<<Unused,Bits/binary>> ->
+	    Val = {Unused,Bits},
+	    Len = bit_size(Bits) - Unused,
+	    check_restricted_string(Val, Len, Range)
+    end.
+
+decode_legacy_bit_string(Buffer, Range, Tags) ->
+    Val = case match_and_collect(Buffer, Tags) of
+	      <<0>> ->
+		  [];
+	      <<Unused,Bits/binary>> ->
+		  decode_bitstring2(byte_size(Bits), Unused, Bits)
+	  end,
+    check_restricted_string(Val, length(Val), Range).
+
+decode_native_bit_string(Buffer, Range, Tags) ->
+    case match_and_collect(Buffer, Tags) of
+	<<0>> ->
+	    check_restricted_string(<<>>, 0, Range);
+	<<Unused,Bits/binary>> ->
+	    Size = bit_size(Bits) - Unused,
+	    <<Val:Size/bitstring,_:Unused/bitstring>> = Bits,
+	    check_restricted_string(Val, Size, Range)
+    end.
+
+decode_named_bit_string(Buffer, NamedNumberList, Tags) ->
+    case match_and_collect(Buffer, Tags) of
+	<<0>> ->
+	    [];
+	<<Unused,Bits/binary>> ->
+	    BitString = decode_bitstring2(byte_size(Bits), Unused, Bits),
+	    decode_bitstring_NNL(BitString, NamedNumberList)
+    end.
+
+%%----------------------------------------
+%% Decode the in buffer to bits
+%%----------------------------------------
+decode_bitstring2(1, Unused,
+		  <<B7:1,B6:1,B5:1,B4:1,B3:1,B2:1,B1:1,B0:1,_/binary>>) ->
+    lists:sublist([B7,B6,B5,B4,B3,B2,B1,B0], 8-Unused);
+decode_bitstring2(Len, Unused,
+		  <<B7:1,B6:1,B5:1,B4:1,B3:1,B2:1,B1:1,B0:1,Buffer/binary>>) ->
+    [B7,B6,B5,B4,B3,B2,B1,B0|
+     decode_bitstring2(Len - 1, Unused, Buffer)].
+
+%%----------------------------------------
+%% Decode the bitlist to names
+%%----------------------------------------
+
+decode_bitstring_NNL(BitList, NamedNumberList) ->
+    decode_bitstring_NNL(BitList, NamedNumberList, 0, []).
+
+
+decode_bitstring_NNL([],_,_No,Result) ->
+    lists:reverse(Result);
+decode_bitstring_NNL([B|BitList],[{Name,No}|NamedNumberList],No,Result) ->
+    if
+	B =:= 0 ->
+	    decode_bitstring_NNL(BitList,NamedNumberList,No+1,Result);
+	true ->
+	    decode_bitstring_NNL(BitList,NamedNumberList,No+1,[Name|Result])
+    end;
+decode_bitstring_NNL([1|BitList],NamedNumberList,No,Result) ->
+    decode_bitstring_NNL(BitList,NamedNumberList,No+1,[{bit,No}|Result]);
+decode_bitstring_NNL([0|BitList],NamedNumberList,No,Result) ->
+    decode_bitstring_NNL(BitList,NamedNumberList,No+1,Result).
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% Null value, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.8
+%%
+%% encode NULL value
+%%============================================================================
+
+encode_null(_Val, TagIn) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, [], 0).
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% decode NULL value
+%%    (Buffer, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {NULL, Remain, RemovedBytes}
+%%============================================================================
+
+decode_null(Tlv, Tags) ->
+    Val = match_tags(Tlv, Tags),
+    case Val of
+	<<>> ->
+	    'NULL';
+	_ ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{decode_null,Val}}})
+	end.
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% Object identifier, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.19
+%%
+%% encode Object Identifier value
+%%============================================================================
+
+encode_object_identifier(Val, TagIn) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, e_object_identifier(Val)).
+
+e_object_identifier({'OBJECT IDENTIFIER', V}) ->
+    e_object_identifier(V);
+e_object_identifier(V) when is_tuple(V) ->
+    e_object_identifier(tuple_to_list(V));
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% e_object_identifier([List of Obect Identifiers]) ->
+%% {[Encoded Octetlist of ObjIds], IntLength}
+%%
+e_object_identifier([E1,E2|Tail]) ->
+    Head = 40*E1 + E2,  % wow!
+    {H,Lh} = mk_object_val(Head),
+    {R,Lr} = lists:mapfoldl(fun enc_obj_id_tail/2, 0, Tail),
+    {[H|R],Lh+Lr}.
+
+enc_obj_id_tail(H, Len) ->
+    {B,L} = mk_object_val(H),
+    {B,Len+L}.
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% mk_object_val(Value) -> {OctetList, Len}
+%% returns a Val as a list of octets, the 8th bit is always set to one
+%% except for the last octet, where it's 0
+%%
+
+
+mk_object_val(Val) when Val =< 127 ->
+    {[255 band Val], 1};
+mk_object_val(Val) ->
+    mk_object_val(Val bsr 7, [Val band 127], 1).
+mk_object_val(0, Ack, Len) ->
+    {Ack, Len};
+mk_object_val(Val, Ack, Len) ->
+    mk_object_val(Val bsr 7, [((Val band 127) bor 128) | Ack], Len + 1).
+
+
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% decode Object Identifier value
+%%    (Buffer, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {{ObjId}, Remain, RemovedBytes}
+%%============================================================================
+
+decode_object_identifier(Tlv, Tags) ->
+    Val = match_tags(Tlv, Tags),
+    [AddedObjVal|ObjVals] = dec_subidentifiers(Val,0,[]),
+    {Val1, Val2} = if
+		       AddedObjVal < 40 ->
+			   {0, AddedObjVal};
+		       AddedObjVal < 80 ->
+			   {1, AddedObjVal - 40};
+		       true ->
+			   {2, AddedObjVal - 80}
+		   end,
+    list_to_tuple([Val1, Val2 | ObjVals]).
+
+dec_subidentifiers(<<>>,_Av,Al) ->
+    lists:reverse(Al);
+dec_subidentifiers(<<1:1,H:7,T/binary>>,Av,Al) ->
+    dec_subidentifiers(T,(Av bsl 7) + H,Al);
+dec_subidentifiers(<<H,T/binary>>,Av,Al) ->
+    dec_subidentifiers(T,0,[((Av bsl 7) + H)|Al]).
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% RELATIVE-OID, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.20
+%%
+%% encode Relative Object Identifier
+%%============================================================================
+
+encode_relative_oid(Val,TagIn) when is_tuple(Val) ->
+    encode_relative_oid(tuple_to_list(Val),TagIn);
+encode_relative_oid(Val,TagIn) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, enc_relative_oid(Val)).
+
+enc_relative_oid(Tuple) when is_tuple(Tuple) ->
+    enc_relative_oid(tuple_to_list(Tuple));
+enc_relative_oid(Val) ->
+    lists:mapfoldl(fun(X,AccIn) ->
+			   {SO,L} = mk_object_val(X),
+			   {SO,L+AccIn}
+		   end, 0, Val).
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% decode Relative Object Identifier value
+%%    (Buffer, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {{ObjId}, Remain, RemovedBytes}
+%%============================================================================
+decode_relative_oid(Tlv, Tags) ->
+    Val = match_tags(Tlv, Tags),
+    ObjVals = dec_subidentifiers(Val,0,[]),
+    list_to_tuple(ObjVals).
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% Restricted character string types, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.20
+%%
+%% encode Numeric Printable Teletex Videotex Visible IA5 Graphic General strings
+%%============================================================================
+encode_restricted_string(OctetList, TagIn)  when is_binary(OctetList) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, byte_size(OctetList));
+encode_restricted_string(OctetList, TagIn) when is_list(OctetList) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, length(OctetList)).
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% decode Numeric Printable Teletex Videotex Visible IA5 Graphic General strings
+%%============================================================================
+
+decode_restricted_string(Tlv, TagsIn) ->
+    Bin = match_and_collect(Tlv, TagsIn),
+    binary_to_list(Bin).
+
+decode_restricted_string(Tlv, Range, TagsIn) ->
+    Bin = match_and_collect(Tlv, TagsIn),
+    check_restricted_string(binary_to_list(Bin), byte_size(Bin), Range).
+
+check_restricted_string(Val, StrLen, Range) ->
+    case Range of
+	{Lb,Ub} when StrLen >= Lb, Ub >= StrLen -> % variable length constraint
+	    Val;
+	{{Lb,_Ub},[]} when StrLen >= Lb ->
+	    Val;
+	{{Lb,_Ub},_Ext=[Min|_]} when StrLen >= Lb; StrLen >= Min ->
+	    Val;
+	{{Lb1,Ub1},{Lb2,Ub2}} when StrLen >= Lb1, StrLen =< Ub1;
+				   StrLen =< Ub2, StrLen >= Lb2 ->
+	    Val;
+	StrLen -> % fixed length constraint
+	    Val;
+	{_,_} ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{length,Range,Val}}});
+	_Len when is_integer(_Len) ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{length,Range,Val}}});
+	_ -> % some strange constraint that we don't support yet
+	    Val
+    end.
+
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% encode Universal string
+%%============================================================================
+
+encode_universal_string(Universal, TagIn) ->
+    OctetList = mk_uni_list(Universal),
+    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, length(OctetList)).
+
+mk_uni_list(In) ->
+    mk_uni_list(In,[]).
+
+mk_uni_list([],List) ->
+    lists:reverse(List);
+mk_uni_list([{A,B,C,D}|T],List) ->
+    mk_uni_list(T,[D,C,B,A|List]);
+mk_uni_list([H|T],List) ->
+    mk_uni_list(T,[H,0,0,0|List]).
+
+%%===========================================================================
+%% decode Universal strings
+%%    (Buffer, Range, StringType, HasTag, LenIn) ->
+%%                           {String, Remain, RemovedBytes}
+%%===========================================================================
+
+decode_universal_string(Buffer, Range, Tags) ->
+    Bin = match_and_collect(Buffer, Tags),
+    Val = mk_universal_string(binary_to_list(Bin)),
+    check_restricted_string(Val, length(Val), Range).
+
+mk_universal_string(In) ->
+    mk_universal_string(In, []).
+
+mk_universal_string([], Acc) ->
+    lists:reverse(Acc);
+mk_universal_string([0,0,0,D|T], Acc) ->
+    mk_universal_string(T, [D|Acc]);
+mk_universal_string([A,B,C,D|T], Acc) ->
+    mk_universal_string(T, [{A,B,C,D}|Acc]).
+
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% encode UTF8 string
+%%============================================================================
+
+encode_UTF8_string(UTF8String, TagIn) when is_binary(UTF8String) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, UTF8String, byte_size(UTF8String));
+encode_UTF8_string(UTF8String, TagIn) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, UTF8String, length(UTF8String)).
+
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% decode UTF8 string
+%%============================================================================
+
+decode_UTF8_string(Tlv,TagsIn) ->
+    Val = match_tags(Tlv, TagsIn),
+    case Val of
+	[_|_]=PartList ->			% constructed val
+	    collect_parts(PartList);
+	Bin ->
+	    Bin
+    end.
+
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% encode BMP string
+%%============================================================================
+
+encode_BMP_string(BMPString, TagIn) ->
+    OctetList = mk_BMP_list(BMPString),
+    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, length(OctetList)).
+
+mk_BMP_list(In) ->
+    mk_BMP_list(In, []).
+
+mk_BMP_list([],List) ->
+    lists:reverse(List);
+mk_BMP_list([{0,0,C,D}|T], List) ->
+    mk_BMP_list(T, [D,C|List]);
+mk_BMP_list([H|T], List) ->
+    mk_BMP_list(T, [H,0|List]).
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% decode (OctetList, Range(ignored), tag|notag) -> {ValList, RestList}
+%%    (Buffer, Range, StringType, HasTag, TotalLen) ->
+%%                               {String, Remain, RemovedBytes}
+%%============================================================================
+decode_BMP_string(Buffer, Range, Tags) ->
+    Bin = match_and_collect(Buffer, Tags),
+    Val = mk_BMP_string(binary_to_list(Bin)),
+    check_restricted_string(Val, length(Val), Range).
+
+mk_BMP_string(In) ->
+    mk_BMP_string(In,[]).
+
+mk_BMP_string([], US) ->
+    lists:reverse(US);
+mk_BMP_string([0,B|T], US) ->
+    mk_BMP_string(T, [B|US]);
+mk_BMP_string([C,D|T], US) ->
+    mk_BMP_string(T, [{0,0,C,D}|US]).
+
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% Generalized time, ITU_T X.680 Chapter 39
+%%
+%% encode Generalized time
+%%============================================================================
+
+encode_generalized_time(OctetList, TagIn) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, length(OctetList)).
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% decode Generalized time
+%%    (Buffer, Range, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {String, Remain, RemovedBytes}
+%%============================================================================
+
+decode_generalized_time(Tlv, _Range, Tags) ->
+    Val = match_tags(Tlv, Tags),
+    NewVal = case Val of
+		 [_H|_T]=PartList ->		% constructed
+		     collect_parts(PartList);
+		 Bin ->
+		     Bin
+	     end,
+    binary_to_list(NewVal).
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% Universal time, ITU_T X.680 Chapter 40
+%%
+%% encode UTC time
+%%============================================================================
+
+encode_utc_time(OctetList, TagIn) ->
+    encode_tags(TagIn, OctetList, length(OctetList)).
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% decode UTC time
+%%    (Buffer, Range, HasTag, TotalLen) -> {String, Remain, RemovedBytes}
+%%============================================================================
+
+decode_utc_time(Tlv, _Range, Tags) ->
+    Val = match_tags(Tlv, Tags),
+    NewVal = case Val of
+		 [_|_]=PartList -> % constructed
+		     collect_parts(PartList);
+		 Bin ->
+		     Bin
+	     end,
+    binary_to_list(NewVal).
+
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% Length handling
+%%
+%% Encode length
+%%
+%% encode_length(Int) ->
+%%          [<127]| [128 + Int (<127),OctetList] | [16#80]
+%%============================================================================
+
+encode_length(L) when L =< 16#7F ->
+    {[L],1};
+encode_length(L) ->
+    Oct = minimum_octets(L),
+    Len = length(Oct),
+    if
+	Len =< 126 ->
+	    {[16#80 bor Len|Oct],Len+1};
+	true ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1, too_long_length_oct, Len}})
+    end.
+
+%% Val must be >= 0
+minimum_octets(Val) ->
+    minimum_octets(Val, []).
+
+minimum_octets(0, Acc) ->
+    Acc;
+minimum_octets(Val, Acc) ->
+    minimum_octets(Val bsr 8, [Val band 16#FF|Acc]).
+
+
+%%===========================================================================
+%% Decode length
+%%
+%% decode_length(OctetList) -> {{indefinite, RestOctetsL}, NoRemovedBytes} |
+%%                             {{Length, RestOctetsL}, NoRemovedBytes}
+%%===========================================================================
+
+decode_length(<<1:1,0:7,T/binary>>) ->
+    {indefinite,T};
+decode_length(<<0:1,Length:7,T/binary>>) ->
+    {Length,T};
+decode_length(<<1:1,LL:7,Length:LL/unit:8,T/binary>>) ->
+    {Length,T}.
+
+%% dynamicsort_SET_components(Arg) ->
+%% Res Arg -> list()
+%% Res -> list()
+%% Sorts the elements in Arg according to the encoded tag in
+%% increasing order.
+dynamicsort_SET_components(ListOfEncCs) ->
+    TagBinL = [begin
+		   Bin = list_to_binary(L),
+		   {dynsort_decode_tag(Bin),Bin}
+	       end || L <- ListOfEncCs],
+    [E || {_,E} <- lists:keysort(1, TagBinL)].
+
+%% dynamicsort_SETOF(Arg) -> Res
+%% Arg -> list()
+%% Res -> list()
+%% Sorts the elements in Arg in increasing size
+dynamicsort_SETOF(ListOfEncVal) ->
+    BinL = lists:map(fun(L) when is_list(L) -> list_to_binary(L);
+			(B) -> B end, ListOfEncVal),
+    lists:sort(BinL).
+
+%% multiple octet tag
+dynsort_decode_tag(<<Class:2,_Form:1,31:5,Buffer/binary>>) ->
+    TagNum = dynsort_decode_tag(Buffer, 0),
+    {Class,TagNum};
+
+%% single tag (< 31 tags)
+dynsort_decode_tag(<<Class:2,_Form:1,TagNum:5,_/binary>>) ->
+    {Class,TagNum}.
+
+dynsort_decode_tag(<<0:1,PartialTag:7,_/binary>>, TagAcc) ->
+    (TagAcc bsl 7) bor PartialTag;
+dynsort_decode_tag(<<_:1,PartialTag:7,Buffer/binary>>, TagAcc0) ->
+    TagAcc = (TagAcc0 bsl 7) bor PartialTag,
+    dynsort_decode_tag(Buffer, TagAcc).
+
+
+%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% INTERNAL HELPER FUNCTIONS (not exported)
+%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+match_and_collect(Tlv, TagsIn) ->
+    Val = match_tags(Tlv, TagsIn),
+    case Val of
+	[_|_]=PartList ->			% constructed val
+	    collect_parts(PartList);
+	Bin when is_binary(Bin) ->
+	    Bin
+    end.
+
+get_constraint(C, Key) ->
+    case lists:keyfind(Key, 1, C) of
+	false ->
+	    no;
+	{_,V} ->
+	    V
+    end.
+
+collect_parts(TlvList) ->
+    collect_parts(TlvList, []).
+
+collect_parts([{_,L}|Rest], Acc) when is_list(L) ->
+    collect_parts(Rest, [collect_parts(L)|Acc]);
+collect_parts([{?N_BIT_STRING,<<Unused,Bits/binary>>}|Rest], _Acc) ->
+    collect_parts_bit(Rest, [Bits], Unused);
+collect_parts([{_T,V}|Rest], Acc) ->
+    collect_parts(Rest, [V|Acc]);
+collect_parts([], Acc) ->
+    list_to_binary(lists:reverse(Acc)).
+
+collect_parts_bit([{?N_BIT_STRING,<<Unused,Bits/binary>>}|Rest], Acc, Uacc) ->
+    collect_parts_bit(Rest, [Bits|Acc], Unused+Uacc);
+collect_parts_bit([], Acc, Uacc) ->
+    list_to_binary([Uacc|lists:reverse(Acc)]).
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_check.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_check.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e78b65a8fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_check.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+%%
+%% %CopyrightBegin%
+%%
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2012. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+%%
+%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+%% under the License.
+%%
+%% %CopyrightEnd%
+%%
+-module(asn1rtt_check).
+
+-export([check_bool/2,
+	 check_int/3,
+	 check_bitstring/3,
+	 check_octetstring/2,
+	 check_null/2,
+	 check_objectidentifier/2,
+	 check_objectdescriptor/2,
+	 check_real/2,
+	 check_enum/3,
+	 check_restrictedstring/2]).
+
+check_bool(_Bool, asn1_DEFAULT) ->
+    true;
+check_bool(Bool, Bool) when is_boolean(Bool) ->
+    true;
+check_bool(_Bool1, Bool2) ->
+    throw({error,Bool2}).
+
+check_int(_, asn1_DEFAULT, _) ->
+    true;
+check_int(Value, Value, _) when is_integer(Value) ->
+    true;
+check_int(DefValue, Value, NNL) when is_atom(Value) ->
+    case lists:keyfind(Value, 1, NNL) of
+	{_,DefValue} ->
+	    true;
+	_ ->
+	    throw({error,DefValue})
+    end;
+check_int(DefaultValue, _Value, _) ->
+    throw({error,DefaultValue}).
+
+%% Two equal lists or integers
+check_bitstring(_, asn1_DEFAULT, _) ->
+    true;
+check_bitstring(V, V, _) ->
+    true;
+%% Default value as a list of 1 and 0 and user value as an integer
+check_bitstring(L=[H|T], Int, _) when is_integer(Int), is_integer(H) ->
+    case bit_list_to_int(L, length(T)) of
+	Int -> true;
+	_ -> throw({error,L,Int})
+    end;
+%% Default value as an integer, val as list
+check_bitstring(Int, Val, NBL) when is_integer(Int), is_list(Val) ->
+    BL = int_to_bit_list(Int, [], length(Val)),
+    check_bitstring(BL, Val, NBL);
+%% Default value and user value as lists of ones and zeros
+check_bitstring(L1=[H1|_T1], L2=[H2|_T2], NBL=[_H|_T]) when is_integer(H1), is_integer(H2) ->
+    L2new = remove_trailing_zeros(L2),
+    check_bitstring(L1, L2new, NBL);
+%% Default value as a list of 1 and 0 and user value as a list of atoms
+check_bitstring(L1=[H1|_T1], L2=[H2|_T2], NBL) when is_integer(H1), is_atom(H2) ->
+    L3 = bit_list_to_nbl(L1, NBL, 0, []),
+    check_bitstring(L3, L2, NBL);
+%% Both default value and user value as a list of atoms
+check_bitstring(L1=[H1|T1], L2=[H2|_T2], _)
+  when is_atom(H1), is_atom(H2), length(L1) =:= length(L2) ->
+    case lists:member(H1, L2) of
+	true ->
+	    check_bitstring1(T1, L2);
+	false -> throw({error,L2})
+    end;
+%% Default value as a list of atoms and user value as a list of 1 and 0
+check_bitstring(L1=[H1|_T1], L2=[H2|_T2], NBL) when is_atom(H1), is_integer(H2) ->
+    L3 = bit_list_to_nbl(L2, NBL, 0, []),
+    check_bitstring(L1, L3, NBL);
+%% User value in compact format
+check_bitstring(DefVal,CBS={_,_}, NBL) ->
+    NewVal = cbs_to_bit_list(CBS),
+    check_bitstring(DefVal, NewVal, NBL);
+check_bitstring(DV, V, _) ->
+    throw({error,DV,V}).
+
+
+bit_list_to_int([0|Bs], ShL)->
+    bit_list_to_int(Bs, ShL-1) + 0;
+bit_list_to_int([1|Bs], ShL) ->
+    bit_list_to_int(Bs, ShL-1) + (1 bsl ShL);
+bit_list_to_int([], _) ->
+    0.
+
+int_to_bit_list(0, Acc, 0) ->
+    Acc;
+int_to_bit_list(Int, Acc, Len) ->
+    int_to_bit_list(Int bsr 1, [Int band 1|Acc], Len - 1).
+
+bit_list_to_nbl([0|T], NBL, Pos, Acc) ->
+    bit_list_to_nbl(T, NBL, Pos+1, Acc);
+bit_list_to_nbl([1|T], NBL, Pos, Acc) ->
+    case lists:keyfind(Pos, 2, NBL) of
+	{N,_} ->
+	    bit_list_to_nbl(T, NBL, Pos+1, [N|Acc]);
+	_ ->
+	    throw({error,{no,named,element,at,pos,Pos}})
+    end;
+bit_list_to_nbl([], _, _, Acc) ->
+    Acc.
+
+remove_trailing_zeros(L2) ->
+    remove_trailing_zeros1(lists:reverse(L2)).
+remove_trailing_zeros1(L) ->
+    lists:reverse(lists:dropwhile(fun(0)->true;
+				     (_) ->false
+				  end,
+				  L)).
+
+check_bitstring1([H|T], NBL) ->
+    case lists:member(H, NBL) of
+	true -> check_bitstring1(T, NBL);
+	V -> throw({error,V})
+    end;
+check_bitstring1([], _) ->
+    true.
+
+cbs_to_bit_list({Unused, <<B7:1,B6:1,B5:1,B4:1,B3:1,B2:1,B1:1,B0:1,Rest/binary>>}) when byte_size(Rest) >= 1 ->
+    [B7,B6,B5,B4,B3,B2,B1,B0|cbs_to_bit_list({Unused,Rest})];
+cbs_to_bit_list({0,<<B7:1,B6:1,B5:1,B4:1,B3:1,B2:1,B1:1,B0:1>>}) ->
+    [B7,B6,B5,B4,B3,B2,B1,B0];
+cbs_to_bit_list({Unused,Bin}) when byte_size(Bin) =:= 1 ->
+    Used = 8-Unused,
+    <<Int:Used,_:Unused>> = Bin,
+    int_to_bit_list(Int, [], Used).
+
+
+check_octetstring(_, asn1_DEFAULT) ->
+    true;
+check_octetstring(L, L) ->
+    true;
+check_octetstring(L, Int) when is_list(L), is_integer(Int) ->
+    case integer_to_octetlist(Int) of
+	L -> true;
+	V -> throw({error,V})
+    end;
+check_octetstring(_, V) ->
+    throw({error,V}).
+
+integer_to_octetlist(Int) ->
+    integer_to_octetlist(Int, []).
+integer_to_octetlist(0, Acc) ->
+    Acc;
+integer_to_octetlist(Int, Acc) ->
+    integer_to_octetlist(Int bsr 8, [(Int band 255)|Acc]).
+
+check_null(_, asn1_DEFAULT) ->
+    true;
+check_null('NULL', 'NULL') ->
+    true;
+check_null(_, V) ->
+    throw({error,V}).
+
+check_objectidentifier(_, asn1_DEFAULT) ->
+    true;
+check_objectidentifier(OI, OI) ->
+    true;
+check_objectidentifier(DOI, OI) when is_tuple(DOI), is_tuple(OI) ->
+    check_objectidentifier1(tuple_to_list(DOI), tuple_to_list(OI));
+check_objectidentifier(_, OI) ->
+    throw({error,OI}).
+
+check_objectidentifier1([V|Rest1], [V|Rest2]) ->
+    check_objectidentifier1(Rest1, Rest2, V);
+check_objectidentifier1([V1|Rest1], [V2|Rest2]) ->
+    case reserved_objectid(V2, []) of
+	V1 ->
+	    check_objectidentifier1(Rest1, Rest2, [V1]);
+	V ->
+	    throw({error,V})
+    end.
+check_objectidentifier1([V|Rest1], [V|Rest2], Above) ->
+    check_objectidentifier1(Rest1, Rest2, [V|Above]);
+check_objectidentifier1([V1|Rest1], [V2|Rest2], Above) ->
+    case reserved_objectid(V2, Above) of
+	V1 ->
+	    check_objectidentifier1(Rest1, Rest2, [V1|Above]);
+	V ->
+	    throw({error,V})
+    end;
+check_objectidentifier1([], [], _) ->
+    true;
+check_objectidentifier1(_, V, _) ->
+    throw({error,object,identifier,V}).
+
+%% ITU-T Rec. X.680 Annex B - D
+reserved_objectid('itu-t', []) -> 0;
+reserved_objectid('ccitt', []) -> 0;
+%% arcs below "itu-t"
+reserved_objectid('recommendation', [0]) -> 0;
+reserved_objectid('question', [0]) -> 1;
+reserved_objectid('administration', [0]) -> 2;
+reserved_objectid('network-operator', [0]) -> 3;
+reserved_objectid('identified-organization', [0]) -> 4;
+
+reserved_objectid(iso, []) -> 1;
+%% arcs below "iso", note that number 1 is not used
+reserved_objectid('standard', [1]) -> 0;
+reserved_objectid('member-body', [1]) -> 2;
+reserved_objectid('identified-organization', [1]) -> 3;
+
+reserved_objectid('joint-iso-itu-t', []) -> 2;
+reserved_objectid('joint-iso-ccitt', []) -> 2;
+
+reserved_objectid(_, _) -> false.
+
+
+check_objectdescriptor(_, asn1_DEFAULT) ->
+    true;
+check_objectdescriptor(OD, OD) ->
+    true;
+check_objectdescriptor(OD, OD) ->
+    throw({error,{not_implemented_yet,check_objectdescriptor}}).
+
+check_real(_, asn1_DEFAULT) ->
+    true;
+check_real(R, R) ->
+    true;
+check_real(_, _) ->
+    throw({error,{not_implemented_yet,check_real}}).
+
+check_enum(_, asn1_DEFAULT, _) ->
+    true;
+check_enum(Val, Val, _) ->
+    true;
+check_enum(Int, Atom, Enumerations) when is_integer(Int), is_atom(Atom) ->
+    case lists:keyfind(Atom, 1, Enumerations) of
+	{_,Int} -> true;
+	_ -> throw({error,{enumerated,Int,Atom}})
+    end;
+check_enum(DefVal, Val, _) ->
+    throw({error,{enumerated,DefVal,Val}}).
+
+
+check_restrictedstring(_, asn1_DEFAULT) ->
+    true;
+check_restrictedstring(Val, Val) ->
+    true;
+check_restrictedstring([V|Rest1], [V|Rest2]) ->
+    check_restrictedstring(Rest1, Rest2);
+check_restrictedstring([V1|Rest1], [V2|Rest2]) ->
+    check_restrictedstring(V1, V2),
+    check_restrictedstring(Rest1, Rest2);
+%% tuple format of value
+check_restrictedstring({V1,V2}, [V1,V2]) ->
+    true;
+check_restrictedstring([V1,V2], {V1,V2}) ->
+    true;
+%% quadruple format of value
+check_restrictedstring({V1,V2,V3,V4}, [V1,V2,V3,V4]) ->
+    true;
+check_restrictedstring([V1,V2,V3,V4], {V1,V2,V3,V4}) ->
+    true;
+%% character string list
+check_restrictedstring(V1, V2) when is_list(V1), is_tuple(V2) ->
+    check_restrictedstring(V1, tuple_to_list(V2));
+check_restrictedstring(V1, V2) ->
+    throw({error,{restricted,string,V1,V2}}).
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ext.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ext.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7510b01f17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ext.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+%%
+%% %CopyrightBegin%
+%%
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2012. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+%%
+%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+%% under the License.
+%%
+%% %CopyrightEnd%
+%%
+
+-module(asn1rtt_ext).
+-export([transform_to_EXTERNAL1990/1,transform_to_EXTERNAL1994/1]).
+
+transform_to_EXTERNAL1990({_,_,_,_}=Val) ->
+    transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(tuple_to_list(Val), []);
+transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Val) when is_tuple(Val) ->
+    %% Data already in ASN1 1990 format
+    Val.
+
+transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(['EXTERNAL'|Rest], Acc) ->
+    transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Rest, ['EXTERNAL'|Acc]);
+transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([{syntax,Syntax}|Rest], Acc) ->
+    transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Rest, [asn1_NOVALUE,Syntax|Acc]);
+transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([{'presentation-context-id',PCid}|Rest], Acc) ->
+    transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Rest, [PCid,asn1_NOVALUE|Acc]);
+transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([{'context-negotiation',Context_negot}|Rest], Acc) ->
+    {_,Presentation_Cid,Transfer_syntax} = Context_negot,
+    transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Rest, [Presentation_Cid,Transfer_syntax|Acc]);
+transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([asn1_NOVALUE|Rest], Acc) ->
+    transform_to_EXTERNAL1990(Rest, [asn1_NOVALUE|Acc]);
+transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([Data_val_desc,Data_value], Acc)
+  when is_list(Data_value)->
+    list_to_tuple(lists:reverse([{'octet-aligned',Data_value},
+				 Data_val_desc|Acc]));
+transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([Data_val_desc,Data_value], Acc)
+  when is_binary(Data_value) ->
+    list_to_tuple(lists:reverse([{'single-ASN1-type',Data_value},
+				 Data_val_desc|Acc]));
+transform_to_EXTERNAL1990([Data_value], Acc)
+  when is_list(Data_value); is_binary(Data_value) ->
+    list_to_tuple(lists:reverse([{'octet-aligned',Data_value}|Acc])).
+
+
+transform_to_EXTERNAL1994({'EXTERNAL',DRef,IndRef,Data_v_desc,Encoding}=V) ->
+    Identification =
+	case {DRef,IndRef} of
+	    {DRef,asn1_NOVALUE} ->
+		{syntax,DRef};
+	    {asn1_NOVALUE,IndRef} ->
+		{'presentation-context-id',IndRef};
+	     _ ->
+		{'context-negotiation',
+		 {'EXTERNAL_identification_context-negotiation',IndRef,DRef}}
+	end,
+    case Encoding of
+	{'octet-aligned',Val} when is_list(Val); is_binary(Val) ->
+	    %% Transform to the EXTERNAL 1994 definition.
+	    {'EXTERNAL',Identification,Data_v_desc,Val};
+	_  ->
+	    %% Keep the EXTERNAL 1990 definition to avoid losing
+	    %% information.
+	    V
+    end.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4713125ffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,976 @@
+%%
+%% %CopyrightBegin%
+%%
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2012. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+%%
+%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+%% under the License.
+%%
+%% %CopyrightEnd%
+%%
+-module(asn1rtt_per).
+
+-export([setext/1, fixextensions/2,
+	 skipextensions/3, getbit/1, getchoice/3,
+	 set_choice/3,encode_integer/2,
+	 encode_small_number/1,
+	 encode_constrained_number/2,
+	 encode_length/1,
+	 encode_length/2,
+	 encode_bit_string/3,
+	 encode_object_identifier/1,
+	 encode_relative_oid/1,
+	 complete/1,
+	 encode_open_type/1,
+	 encode_GeneralString/2,
+	 encode_GraphicString/2,
+	 encode_TeletexString/2,
+	 encode_VideotexString/2,
+	 encode_ObjectDescriptor/2,
+	 encode_UTF8String/1,
+	 encode_octet_string/3,
+	 encode_known_multiplier_string/4,
+	 octets_to_complete/2]).
+
+-define('16K',16384).
+-define('32K',32768).
+-define('64K',65536).
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% setext(true|false) ->  CompleteList
+%%
+
+setext(false) ->
+    [0];
+setext(true) ->
+    [1].
+
+fixextensions({ext,ExtPos,ExtNum},Val) ->
+    case fixextensions(ExtPos,ExtNum+ExtPos,Val,0) of
+	0 -> [];
+	ExtBits ->
+	    [encode_small_length(ExtNum)|pre_complete_bits(ExtNum,ExtBits)]
+    end.
+
+fixextensions(Pos,MaxPos,_,Acc) when Pos >= MaxPos ->
+    Acc;
+fixextensions(Pos,ExtPos,Val,Acc) ->
+    Bit = case catch(element(Pos+1,Val)) of
+	      asn1_NOVALUE ->
+		  0;
+	      asn1_NOEXTVALUE ->
+		  0;
+	      {'EXIT',_} ->
+		  0;
+	      _ ->
+		  1
+	  end,
+    fixextensions(Pos+1,ExtPos,Val,(Acc bsl 1)+Bit).
+
+skipextensions(Bytes0, Nr, ExtensionBitstr) when is_bitstring(ExtensionBitstr) ->
+    Prev = Nr - 1,
+    case ExtensionBitstr of
+	<<_:Prev,1:1,_/bitstring>> ->
+	    {Len,Bytes1} = decode_length(Bytes0),
+	    <<_:Len/binary,Bytes2/bitstring>> = Bytes1,
+	    skipextensions(Bytes2, Nr+1, ExtensionBitstr);
+	<<_:Prev,0:1,_/bitstring>> ->
+	    skipextensions(Bytes0, Nr+1, ExtensionBitstr);
+	_ ->
+	    Bytes0
+    end.
+
+
+getchoice(Bytes, 1, 0) -> % only 1 alternative is not encoded
+    {0,Bytes};
+getchoice(Bytes, _, 1) ->
+    decode_small_number(Bytes);
+getchoice(Bytes, NumChoices, 0) ->
+    decode_constrained_number(Bytes, {0,NumChoices-1}).
+
+
+getbit(Buffer) ->
+    <<B:1,Rest/bitstring>> = Buffer,
+    {B,Rest}.
+
+getbits(Buffer, Num) when is_bitstring(Buffer) ->
+    <<Bs:Num,Rest/bitstring>> = Buffer,
+    {Bs,Rest}.
+
+align(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
+    Bin;
+align(BitStr) when is_bitstring(BitStr) ->
+    AlignBits = bit_size(BitStr) rem 8,
+    <<_:AlignBits,Rest/binary>> = BitStr,
+    Rest.
+
+
+%% First align buffer, then pick the first Num octets.
+%% Returns octets as an integer with bit significance as in buffer.
+getoctets(Buffer, Num) when is_binary(Buffer) ->
+    <<Val:Num/integer-unit:8,RestBin/binary>> = Buffer,
+    {Val,RestBin};
+getoctets(Buffer, Num) when is_bitstring(Buffer) ->
+    AlignBits = bit_size(Buffer) rem 8,
+    <<_:AlignBits,Val:Num/integer-unit:8,RestBin/binary>> = Buffer,
+    {Val,RestBin}.
+
+
+%% First align buffer, then pick the first Num octets.
+%% Returns octets as a binary
+getoctets_as_bin(Bin,Num) when is_binary(Bin) ->
+    <<Octets:Num/binary,RestBin/binary>> = Bin,
+    {Octets,RestBin};
+getoctets_as_bin(Bin,Num) when is_bitstring(Bin) ->
+    AlignBits = bit_size(Bin) rem 8,
+    <<_:AlignBits,Val:Num/binary,RestBin/binary>> = Bin,
+    {Val,RestBin}.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% set_choice(Alt,Choices,Altnum) -> ListofBitSettings
+%% Alt = atom()
+%% Altnum = integer() | {integer(),integer()}% number of alternatives
+%% Choices = [atom()] | {[atom()],[atom()]}
+%% When Choices is a tuple the first list is the Rootset and the
+%% second is the Extensions and then Altnum must also be a tuple with the
+%% lengths of the 2 lists
+%%
+set_choice(Alt,{L1,L2},{Len1,_Len2}) ->
+    case set_choice_tag(Alt,L1) of
+	N when is_integer(N), Len1 > 1 ->
+	    [0,				% the value is in the root set
+	     encode_constrained_number({0,Len1-1},N)];
+	N when is_integer(N) ->
+	    [0];	      % no encoding if only 0 or 1 alternative
+	false ->
+	    [1,					% extension value
+	     case set_choice_tag(Alt, L2) of
+		 N2 when is_integer(N2) ->
+		     encode_small_number(N2);
+		 false ->
+		     unknown_choice_alt
+	     end]
+    end;
+set_choice(Alt, L, Len) ->
+    case set_choice_tag(Alt, L) of
+	N when is_integer(N), Len > 1 ->
+	    encode_constrained_number({0,Len-1},N);
+	N when is_integer(N) ->
+	    [];		      % no encoding if only 0 or 1 alternative
+	false ->
+	    [unknown_choice_alt]
+    end.
+
+set_choice_tag(Alt,Choices) ->
+    set_choice_tag(Alt,Choices,0).
+
+set_choice_tag(Alt,[Alt|_Rest],Tag) ->
+    Tag;
+set_choice_tag(Alt,[_H|Rest],Tag) ->
+    set_choice_tag(Alt,Rest,Tag+1);
+set_choice_tag(_Alt,[],_Tag) ->
+    false.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% encode_open_type(Constraint, Value) -> CompleteList
+%% Value = list of bytes of an already encoded value (the list must be flat)
+%%         | binary
+%% Contraint = not used in this version
+%%
+encode_open_type(Val) when is_list(Val) ->
+    Bin = list_to_binary(Val),
+    case byte_size(Bin) of
+	Size when Size > 255 ->
+	    [encode_length(Size),21,<<Size:16>>,Bin];
+	Size ->
+	    [encode_length(Size),20,Size,Bin]
+    end;
+encode_open_type(Val) when is_binary(Val) ->
+    case byte_size(Val) of
+	Size when Size > 255 ->
+	    [encode_length(Size),21,<<Size:16>>,Val]; % octets implies align
+	Size ->
+	    [encode_length(Size),20,Size,Val]
+    end.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% encode_integer(Constraint, Value) -> CompleteList
+%%
+encode_integer([{Rc,_Ec}],Val) when is_tuple(Rc) ->
+    try
+	[0|encode_integer([Rc], Val)]
+    catch
+	_:{error,{asn1,_}} ->
+	    [1|encode_unconstrained_number(Val)]
+    end;
+encode_integer([], Val) ->
+    encode_unconstrained_number(Val);
+%% The constraint is the effective constraint, and in this case is a number
+encode_integer([{'SingleValue',V}], V) ->
+    [];
+encode_integer([{'ValueRange',{Lb,Ub}=VR,Range,PreEnc}],Val)
+  when Val >= Lb, Ub >= Val ->
+    %% this case when NamedNumberList
+    encode_constrained_number(VR, Range, PreEnc, Val);
+encode_integer([{'ValueRange',{Lb,'MAX'}}], Val) ->
+    encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb, Val);
+encode_integer([{'ValueRange',{'MIN',_}}], Val) ->
+    encode_unconstrained_number(Val);
+encode_integer([{'ValueRange',VR={_Lb,_Ub}}], Val) ->
+    encode_constrained_number(VR, Val);
+encode_integer(_,Val) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,Val}}}).
+
+
+%% X.691:10.6 Encoding of a normally small non-negative whole number
+%% Use this for encoding of CHOICE index if there is an extension marker in
+%% the CHOICE
+encode_small_number(Val) when Val < 64 ->
+    [10,7,Val];
+encode_small_number(Val) ->
+    [1|encode_semi_constrained_number(0, Val)].
+
+decode_small_number(Bytes) ->
+    {Bit,Bytes2} = getbit(Bytes),
+    case Bit of
+	0 ->
+	    getbits(Bytes2, 6);
+	1 ->
+	    decode_semi_constrained_number(Bytes2)
+    end.
+
+%% X.691:10.7 Encoding of a semi-constrained whole number
+encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb, Val) ->
+    Val2 = Val - Lb,
+    Oct = eint_positive(Val2),
+    Len = length(Oct),
+    if
+	Len < 128 ->
+	    [20,Len+1,Len|Oct];
+	Len < 256 ->
+	    [encode_length(Len),20,Len|Oct];
+	true ->
+	    [encode_length(Len),21,<<Len:16>>|Oct]
+    end.
+
+decode_semi_constrained_number(Bytes) ->
+    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes),
+    getoctets(Bytes2, Len).
+
+encode_constrained_number({Lb,_Ub},_Range,{bits,N},Val) ->
+    Val2 = Val-Lb,
+    [10,N,Val2];
+encode_constrained_number({Lb,_Ub},_Range,{octets,N},Val) when N < 256->
+    %% N is 8 or 16 (1 or 2 octets)
+    Val2 = Val-Lb,
+    [20,N,Val2];
+encode_constrained_number({Lb,_Ub},_Range,{octets,N},Val) -> % N>255
+    %% N is 8 or 16 (1 or 2 octets)
+    Val2 = Val-Lb,
+    [21,<<N:16>>,Val2];
+encode_constrained_number({Lb,_Ub},Range,_,Val) ->
+    Val2 = Val-Lb,
+    if
+	Range =< 16#1000000  -> % max 3 octets
+	    Octs = eint_positive(Val2),
+	    L = length(Octs),
+	    [encode_length({1,3},L),[20,L,Octs]];
+	Range =< 16#100000000  -> % max 4 octets
+	    Octs = eint_positive(Val2),
+	    L = length(Octs),
+	    [encode_length({1,4},L),[20,L,Octs]];
+	Range =< 16#10000000000  -> % max 5 octets
+	    Octs = eint_positive(Val2),
+	    L = length(Octs),
+	    [encode_length({1,5},L),[20,L,Octs]];
+	true  ->
+	    exit({not_supported,{integer_range,Range}})
+    end.
+
+encode_constrained_number({Lb,Ub}, Val) when Val >= Lb, Ub >= Val ->
+    Range = Ub - Lb + 1,
+    Val2 = Val - Lb,
+    if
+	Range  == 1 -> [];
+	Range  == 2 ->
+	    [Val2];
+	Range  =< 4 ->
+	    [10,2,Val2];
+	Range  =< 8 ->
+	    [10,3,Val2];
+	Range  =< 16 ->
+	    [10,4,Val2];
+	Range  =< 32 ->
+	    [10,5,Val2];
+	Range  =< 64 ->
+	    [10,6,Val2];
+	Range  =< 128 ->
+	    [10,7,Val2];
+	Range  =< 255 ->
+	    [10,8,Val2];
+	Range  =< 256 ->
+	    [20,1,Val2];
+	Range  =< 65536 ->
+	    [20,2,<<Val2:16>>];
+	Range =< (1 bsl (255*8))  ->
+            Octs = binary:encode_unsigned(Val2),
+            RangeOcts = binary:encode_unsigned(Range - 1),
+            OctsLen = byte_size(Octs),
+            RangeOctsLen = byte_size(RangeOcts),
+            LengthBitsNeeded = minimum_bits(RangeOctsLen - 1),
+            [10,LengthBitsNeeded,OctsLen-1,20,OctsLen,Octs];
+	true  ->
+	    exit({not_supported,{integer_range,Range}})
+    end;
+encode_constrained_number({_,_},Val) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,Val}}}).
+
+decode_constrained_number(Buffer,VR={Lb,Ub}) ->
+    Range = Ub - Lb + 1,
+    decode_constrained_number(Buffer,VR,Range).
+
+decode_constrained_number(Buffer,{Lb,_Ub},Range) ->
+						%    Val2 = Val - Lb,
+    {Val,Remain} =
+	if
+	    Range  == 1 ->
+		{0,Buffer};
+	    Range  == 2 ->
+		getbits(Buffer,1);
+	    Range  =< 4 ->
+		getbits(Buffer,2);
+	    Range  =< 8 ->
+		getbits(Buffer,3);
+	    Range  =< 16 ->
+		getbits(Buffer,4);
+	    Range  =< 32 ->
+		getbits(Buffer,5);
+	    Range  =< 64 ->
+		getbits(Buffer,6);
+	    Range  =< 128 ->
+		getbits(Buffer,7);
+	    Range  =< 255 ->
+		getbits(Buffer,8);
+	    Range  =< 256 ->
+		getoctets(Buffer,1);
+	    Range  =< 65536 ->
+		getoctets(Buffer,2);
+            Range =< (1 bsl (255*8))  ->
+                OList = binary:bin_to_list(binary:encode_unsigned(Range - 1)),
+                RangeOctLen = length(OList),
+                {Len, Bytes} = decode_length(Buffer, {1, RangeOctLen}),
+                {Octs, RestBytes} = getoctets_as_bin(Bytes, Len),
+                {binary:decode_unsigned(Octs), RestBytes};
+	    true  ->
+		exit({not_supported,{integer_range,Range}})
+	end,
+    {Val+Lb,Remain}.
+
+%% For some reason the minimum bits needed in the length field in
+%% the encoding of constrained whole numbers must always be at least 2?
+minimum_bits(N) when N < 4 -> 2;
+minimum_bits(N) when N < 8 -> 3;
+minimum_bits(N) when N < 16 -> 4;
+minimum_bits(N) when N < 32 -> 5;
+minimum_bits(N) when N < 64 -> 6;
+minimum_bits(N) when N < 128 -> 7;
+minimum_bits(_N) -> 8.
+
+%% X.691:10.8 Encoding of an unconstrained whole number
+
+encode_unconstrained_number(Val) ->
+    Oct = if
+	      Val >= 0 ->
+		  eint(Val, []);
+	      true ->
+		  enint(Val, [])
+	  end,
+    Len = length(Oct),
+    if
+        Len < 128 ->
+            [20,Len + 1,Len|Oct];
+        Len < 256 ->
+            [20,Len + 2,<<2:2,Len:14>>|Oct];
+        true ->
+            [encode_length(Len),21,<<Len:16>>|Oct]
+    end.
+
+%% used for positive Values which don't need a sign bit
+%% returns a list
+eint_positive(Val) ->
+    case eint(Val,[]) of
+	[0,B1|T] ->
+	    [B1|T];
+	T ->
+	    T
+    end.
+
+
+eint(0, [B|Acc]) when B < 128 ->
+    [B|Acc];
+eint(N, Acc) ->
+    eint(N bsr 8, [N band 16#ff| Acc]).
+
+enint(-1, [B1|T]) when B1 > 127 ->
+    [B1|T];
+enint(N, Acc) ->
+    enint(N bsr 8, [N band 16#ff|Acc]).
+
+%% X.691:10.9 Encoding of a length determinant
+%%encode_small_length(undefined,Len) -> % null means no UpperBound
+%%    encode_small_number(Len).
+
+%% X.691:10.9.3.5
+%% X.691:10.9.3.7
+encode_length(Len) ->				% unconstrained
+    if
+	Len < 128 ->
+	    [20,1,Len];
+	Len < 16384 ->
+	    <<20,2,2:2,Len:14>>;
+	true  -> % should be able to endode length >= 16384 i.e. fragmented length
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{encode_length,{nyi,above_16k}}}})
+    end.
+
+encode_length(undefined, Len) -> % un-constrained
+    encode_length(Len);
+encode_length({0,'MAX'},Len) ->
+    encode_length(undefined,Len);
+encode_length({Lb,Ub}=Vr, Len) when Ub =< 65535 ,Lb >= 0 -> % constrained
+    encode_constrained_number(Vr,Len);
+encode_length({Lb,_Ub}, Len) when is_integer(Lb), Lb >= 0 -> % Ub > 65535
+    encode_length(Len);
+encode_length({{Lb,Ub}=Vr,Ext}, Len)
+  when Ub =< 65535 ,Lb >= 0,Len=<Ub, is_list(Ext) ->
+    %% constrained extensible
+    [0|encode_constrained_number(Vr,Len)];
+encode_length({{Lb,_},Ext},Len) when is_list(Ext) ->
+    [1|encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb, Len)];
+encode_length(SingleValue, _Len) when is_integer(SingleValue) ->
+    [].
+
+%% X.691 10.9.3.4 (only used for length of bitmap that prefixes extension
+%% additions in a sequence or set
+encode_small_length(Len) when Len =< 64 ->
+    [10,7,Len-1];
+encode_small_length(Len) ->
+    [1,encode_length(Len)].
+
+
+decode_length(Buffer)  -> % un-constrained
+    case align(Buffer) of
+	<<0:1,Oct:7,Rest/binary>> ->
+	    {Oct,Rest};
+	<<2:2,Val:14,Rest/binary>> ->
+	    {Val,Rest};
+	<<3:2,_Val:14,_Rest/binary>> ->
+	    %% this case should be fixed
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{decode_length,{nyi,above_16k}}}})
+    end.
+
+decode_length(Buffer, {Lb,Ub}) when Ub =< 65535, Lb >= 0 -> % constrained
+    decode_constrained_number(Buffer, {Lb,Ub});
+decode_length(Buffer, {Lb,_Ub}) when is_integer(Lb), Lb >= 0 -> % Ub > 65535
+    decode_length(Buffer).
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% bitstring NamedBitList
+%% Val can be  of:
+%% - [identifiers] where only named identifers are set to one,
+%%   the Constraint must then have some information of the
+%%   bitlength.
+%% - [list of ones and zeroes] all bits
+%% - integer value representing the bitlist
+%% C is constraint Len, only valid when identifiers
+
+
+%% when the value is a list of {Unused,BinBits}, where
+%% Unused = integer(),
+%% BinBits = binary().
+
+encode_bit_string(C, Bits, NamedBitList) when is_bitstring(Bits) ->
+    PadLen = (8 - (bit_size(Bits) band 7)) band 7,
+    Compact = {PadLen,<<Bits/bitstring,0:PadLen>>},
+    encode_bin_bit_string(C, Compact, NamedBitList);
+encode_bit_string(C, {Unused,BinBits}=Bin, NamedBitList)
+  when is_integer(Unused), is_binary(BinBits) ->
+    encode_bin_bit_string(C,Bin,NamedBitList);
+
+%% when the value is a list of named bits
+
+encode_bit_string(C, LoNB=[FirstVal | _RestVal], NamedBitList) when is_atom(FirstVal) ->
+    ToSetPos = get_all_bitposes(LoNB, NamedBitList, []),
+    BitList = make_and_set_list(ToSetPos,0),
+    encode_bit_string(C,BitList,NamedBitList);% consider the constraint
+
+encode_bit_string(C, BL=[{bit,_} | _RestVal], NamedBitList) ->
+    ToSetPos = get_all_bitposes(BL, NamedBitList, []),
+    BitList = make_and_set_list(ToSetPos,0),
+    encode_bit_string(C,BitList,NamedBitList);
+
+%% when the value is a list of ones and zeroes
+encode_bit_string(Int, BitListValue, _)
+  when is_list(BitListValue),is_integer(Int),Int =< 16 ->
+    %% The type is constrained by a single value size constraint
+    %% range_check(Int,length(BitListValue)),
+    [40,Int,length(BitListValue),BitListValue];
+encode_bit_string(Int, BitListValue, _)
+  when is_list(BitListValue),is_integer(Int), Int =< 255 ->
+    %% The type is constrained by a single value size constraint
+    %% range_check(Int,length(BitListValue)),
+    [2,40,Int,length(BitListValue),BitListValue];
+encode_bit_string(Int, BitListValue, _)
+  when is_list(BitListValue),is_integer(Int), Int < ?'64K' ->
+    {Code,DesiredLength,Length} =
+	case length(BitListValue) of
+	    B1 when B1 > Int ->
+		exit({error,{'BIT_STRING_length_greater_than_SIZE',
+			     Int,BitListValue}});
+	    B1 when B1 =< 255,Int =< 255 ->
+		{40,Int,B1};
+	    B1 when B1 =< 255 ->
+		{42,<<Int:16>>,B1};
+	    B1 ->
+		{43,<<Int:16>>,<<B1:16>>}
+	end,
+    %% The type is constrained by a single value size constraint
+    [2,Code,DesiredLength,Length,BitListValue];
+encode_bit_string(no, BitListValue,[])
+  when is_list(BitListValue) ->
+    [encode_length(length(BitListValue)),
+     2|BitListValue];
+encode_bit_string({{Fix,Fix},Ext}, BitListValue,[])
+  when is_integer(Fix), is_list(Ext) ->
+    case length(BitListValue) of
+	Len when Len =< Fix ->
+	    [0|encode_bit_string(Fix, BitListValue, [])];
+	_ ->
+	    [1|encode_bit_string(no, BitListValue, [])]
+    end;
+encode_bit_string(C, BitListValue,[])
+  when is_list(BitListValue) ->
+    [encode_length(C, length(BitListValue)),
+     2|BitListValue];
+encode_bit_string(no, BitListValue,_NamedBitList)
+  when is_list(BitListValue) ->
+    %% this case with an unconstrained BIT STRING can be made more efficient
+    %% if the complete driver can take a special code so the length field
+    %% is encoded there.
+    NewBitLVal = lists:reverse(lists:dropwhile(fun(0)->true;(1)->false end,
+					    lists:reverse(BitListValue))),
+    [encode_length(length(NewBitLVal)),2|NewBitLVal];
+encode_bit_string({{Fix,Fix},Ext}, BitListValue, NamedBitList)
+  when is_integer(Fix), is_list(Ext) ->
+    case length(BitListValue) of
+	Len when Len =< Fix ->
+	    [0|encode_bit_string(Fix, BitListValue, NamedBitList)];
+	_ ->
+	    [1|encode_bit_string(no, BitListValue, NamedBitList)]
+    end;
+encode_bit_string(C, BitListValue, _NamedBitList)
+  when is_list(BitListValue) ->			% C = {_,'MAX'}
+    NewBitLVal = bit_string_trailing_zeros(BitListValue, C),
+    [encode_length(C, length(NewBitLVal)),2|NewBitLVal];
+
+
+%% when the value is an integer
+encode_bit_string(C, IntegerVal, NamedBitList) when is_integer(IntegerVal)->
+    BitList = int_to_bitlist(IntegerVal),
+    encode_bit_string(C,BitList,NamedBitList).
+
+bit_string_trailing_zeros(BitList,C) when is_integer(C) ->
+    bit_string_trailing_zeros1(BitList,C,C);
+bit_string_trailing_zeros(BitList,{Lb,Ub}) when is_integer(Lb) ->
+    bit_string_trailing_zeros1(BitList,Lb,Ub);
+bit_string_trailing_zeros(BitList,{{Lb,Ub},_}) when is_integer(Lb) ->
+    bit_string_trailing_zeros1(BitList,Lb,Ub);
+bit_string_trailing_zeros(BitList,_) ->
+    BitList.
+
+bit_string_trailing_zeros1(BitList,Lb,Ub) ->
+    case length(BitList) of
+	Lb -> BitList;
+	B when B < Lb -> BitList++lists:duplicate(Lb-B, 0);
+	D -> F = fun(L,LB,LB,_,_)->lists:reverse(L);
+		    ([0|R],L1,LB,UB,Fun)->Fun(R,L1-1,LB,UB,Fun);
+		    (L,L1,_,UB,_)when L1 =< UB -> lists:reverse(L);
+		    (_,_L1,_,_,_) ->exit({error,{list_length_BIT_STRING,
+						 BitList}}) end,
+	     F(lists:reverse(BitList),D,Lb,Ub,F)
+    end.
+
+%% encode_bin_bit_string/3, when value is a tuple of Unused and BinBits.
+%% Unused = integer(),i.e. number unused bits in least sign. byte of
+%% BinBits = binary().
+encode_bin_bit_string(C, {Unused,BinBits}, _NamedBitList)
+  when is_integer(C),C=<16 ->
+    range_check(C, bit_size(BinBits) - Unused),
+    [45,C,size(BinBits),BinBits];
+encode_bin_bit_string(C, {Unused,BinBits}, _NamedBitList)
+  when is_integer(C), C =< 255 ->
+    range_check(C, bit_size(BinBits) - Unused),
+    [2,45,C,size(BinBits),BinBits];
+encode_bin_bit_string(C, {Unused,BinBits}, _NamedBitList)
+  when is_integer(C), C =< 65535 ->
+    range_check(C, bit_size(BinBits) - Unused),
+    case byte_size(BinBits) of
+	Size when Size =< 255 ->
+	    [2,46,<<C:16>>,Size,BinBits];
+	Size ->
+	    [2,47,<<C:16>>,<<Size:16>>,BinBits]
+    end;
+encode_bin_bit_string(C,UnusedAndBin={_,_},NamedBitList) ->
+    {Unused1,Bin1} =
+	%% removes all trailing bits if NamedBitList is not empty
+	remove_trailing_bin(NamedBitList,UnusedAndBin),
+    case C of
+	{Lb,Ub} when is_integer(Lb),is_integer(Ub) ->
+	    Size = byte_size(Bin1),
+	    [encode_length({Lb,Ub}, Size*8 - Unused1),
+	     2,octets_unused_to_complete(Unused1,Size,Bin1)];
+	no ->
+	    Size = byte_size(Bin1),
+	    [encode_length(Size*8 - Unused1),
+	     2|octets_unused_to_complete(Unused1, Size, Bin1)];
+	{{Fix,Fix},Ext} when is_integer(Fix),is_list(Ext) ->
+	    case byte_size(Bin1)*8 - Unused1 of
+		Size when Size =< Fix  ->
+		    [0|encode_bin_bit_string(Fix,UnusedAndBin,NamedBitList)];
+		_Size ->
+		    [1|encode_bin_bit_string(no,UnusedAndBin,NamedBitList)]
+	    end;
+	Sc ->
+	    Size = byte_size(Bin1),
+	    [encode_length(Sc, Size*8 - Unused1),
+	     2|octets_unused_to_complete(Unused1,Size,Bin1)]
+    end.
+
+range_check(C,C) when is_integer(C) ->
+    ok;
+range_check(C1,C2) when is_integer(C1) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{bit_string_out_of_range,{C1,C2}}}}).
+
+remove_trailing_bin([], {Unused,Bin}) ->
+    {Unused,Bin};
+remove_trailing_bin(_NamedNumberList,{_Unused,<<>>}) ->
+    {0,<<>>};
+remove_trailing_bin(NamedNumberList, {_Unused,Bin}) ->
+    Size = byte_size(Bin)-1,
+    <<Bfront:Size/binary, LastByte:8>> = Bin,
+    %% clear the Unused bits to be sure
+    Unused1 = trailingZeroesInNibble(LastByte band 15),
+    Unused2 =
+	case Unused1 of
+	    4 ->
+		4 + trailingZeroesInNibble(LastByte bsr 4);
+	    _ -> Unused1
+	end,
+    case Unused2 of
+	8 ->
+	    remove_trailing_bin(NamedNumberList,{0,Bfront});
+	_ ->
+	    {Unused2,Bin}
+    end.
+
+
+trailingZeroesInNibble(0) ->
+    4;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(1) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(2) ->
+    1;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(3) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(4) ->
+    2;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(5) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(6) ->
+    1;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(7) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(8) ->
+    3;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(9) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(10) ->
+    1;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(11) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(12) -> %#1100
+    2;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(13) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(14) ->
+    1;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(15) ->
+    0.
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%
+
+int_to_bitlist(Int) when is_integer(Int), Int > 0 ->
+    [Int band 1 | int_to_bitlist(Int bsr 1)];
+int_to_bitlist(0) ->
+    [].
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% get_all_bitposes([list of named bits to set], named_bit_db, []) ->
+%%   [sorted_list_of_bitpositions_to_set]
+
+get_all_bitposes([{bit,ValPos}|Rest], NamedBitList, Ack) ->
+    get_all_bitposes(Rest, NamedBitList, [ValPos | Ack ]);
+
+get_all_bitposes([Val | Rest], NamedBitList, Ack) ->
+    case lists:keyfind(Val, 1, NamedBitList) of
+	{_ValName, ValPos} ->
+	    get_all_bitposes(Rest, NamedBitList, [ValPos | Ack]);
+	false ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1, {bitstring_namedbit, Val}}})
+    end;
+get_all_bitposes([], _NamedBitList, Ack) ->
+    lists:sort(Ack).
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% make_and_set_list([list of positions to set to 1])->
+%% returns list with all in SetPos set.
+%% in positioning in list the first element is 0, the second 1 etc.., but
+%%
+
+make_and_set_list([XPos|SetPos], XPos) ->
+    [1 | make_and_set_list(SetPos, XPos + 1)];
+make_and_set_list([Pos|SetPos], XPos) ->
+    [0 | make_and_set_list([Pos | SetPos], XPos + 1)];
+make_and_set_list([], _) ->
+    [].
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% X.691:16
+%% encode_octet_string(Constraint,ExtensionMarker,Val)
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+encode_octet_string(_C, true, _Val) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{'not_supported',extensionmarker}}});
+encode_octet_string({_,_}=SZ, false, Val) ->
+    Len = length(Val),
+    try
+	[encode_length(SZ, Len),2|octets_to_complete(Len, Val)]
+    catch
+	exit:{error,{asn1,{encode_length,_}}} ->
+	    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
+    end;
+encode_octet_string(SZ, false, Val) when is_list(SZ) ->
+    Len = length(Val),
+    try
+	[encode_length({hd(SZ),lists:max(SZ)},Len),2|
+	 octets_to_complete(Len,Val)]
+    catch
+	exit:{error,{asn1,{encode_length,_}}} ->
+	    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
+    end;
+encode_octet_string(Sv, false, Val) when is_integer(Sv) ->
+    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val);
+encode_octet_string(no, false, Val) ->
+    Len = length(Val),
+    try
+	[encode_length(Len),2|octets_to_complete(Len, Val)]
+    catch
+	exit:{error,{asn1,{encode_length,_}}} ->
+	    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
+    end;
+encode_octet_string(C, _, _) ->
+    exit({error,{not_implemented,C}}).
+
+encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val) ->
+    Bin = iolist_to_binary(Val),
+    efos_1(Bin).
+
+efos_1(<<B1:16#C000/binary,B2:16#4000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
+    [20,1,<<3:2,4:6>>,
+     octets_to_complete(16#C000, B1),
+     octets_to_complete(16#4000, B2)|efos_1(T)];
+efos_1(<<B:16#C000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
+    [20,1,<<3:2,3:6>>,octets_to_complete(16#C000, B)|efos_1(T)];
+efos_1(<<B:16#8000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
+    [20,1,<<3:2,2:6>>,octets_to_complete(16#8000, B)|efos_1(T)];
+efos_1(<<B:16#4000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
+    [20,1,<<3:2,1:6>>,octets_to_complete(16#4000, B)|efos_1(T)];
+efos_1(<<>>) ->
+    [20,1,0];
+efos_1(<<B/bitstring>>) ->
+    Len = byte_size(B),
+    [encode_length(Len)|octets_to_complete(Len, B)].
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% Restricted char string types
+%% (NumericString, PrintableString,VisibleString,IA5String,BMPString,UniversalString)
+%% X.691:26 and X.680:34-36
+
+encode_restricted_string(Val) when is_list(Val)->
+    Len = length(Val),
+    [encode_length(Len)|octets_to_complete(Len, Val)].
+
+encode_known_multiplier_string(SizeC, NumBits, CharOutTab, Val) ->
+    Result = chars_encode2(Val, NumBits, CharOutTab),
+    case SizeC of
+	Ub when is_integer(Ub), Ub*NumBits =< 16  ->
+	    Result;
+	Ub when is_integer(Ub), Ub =<65535 -> % fixed length
+	    [2,Result];
+	{Ub,Lb} ->
+	    [encode_length({Ub,Lb},length(Val)),2,Result];
+	no  ->
+	    [encode_length(length(Val)),2,Result]
+    end.
+
+encode_GeneralString(_C,Val) ->
+    encode_restricted_string(Val).
+
+encode_GraphicString(_C,Val) ->
+    encode_restricted_string(Val).
+
+encode_ObjectDescriptor(_C,Val) ->
+    encode_restricted_string(Val).
+
+encode_TeletexString(_C,Val) -> % equivalent with T61String
+    encode_restricted_string(Val).
+
+encode_VideotexString(_C,Val) ->
+    encode_restricted_string(Val).
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% chars_encode(C,StringType,Value) -> ValueList
+%%
+%% encodes chars according to the per rules taking the constraint
+%% PermittedAlphabet into account.
+%%
+%% This function only encodes the value part and NOT the length.
+
+chars_encode2([H|T],NumBits,T1={Min,Max,notab}) when  H =< Max, H >= Min ->
+    [pre_complete_bits(NumBits,H-Min)|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,T1)];
+chars_encode2([H|T],NumBits,T1={Min,Max,Tab}) when H =< Max, H >= Min ->
+    [pre_complete_bits(NumBits,exit_if_false(H,element(H-Min+1,Tab)))|
+     chars_encode2(T,NumBits,T1)];
+chars_encode2([{A,B,C,D}|T],NumBits,T1={Min,_Max,notab}) ->
+    %% no value range check here (ought to be, but very expensive)
+    [pre_complete_bits(NumBits,
+			       ((((((A bsl 8)+B) bsl 8)+C) bsl 8)+D)-Min)|
+     chars_encode2(T,NumBits,T1)];
+chars_encode2([H={A,B,C,D}|T],NumBits,{Min,Max,Tab}) ->
+    %% no value range check here (ought to be, but very expensive)
+    [pre_complete_bits(NumBits,exit_if_false(H,element(((((((A bsl 8)+B) bsl 8)+C) bsl 8)+D)-Min,Tab)))|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,notab})];
+chars_encode2([H|_T],_NumBits,{_Min,_Max,_Tab}) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_char_value,H}}});
+chars_encode2([],_,_) ->
+    [].
+
+exit_if_false(V,false)->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{"illegal value according to Permitted alphabet constraint",V}}});
+exit_if_false(_,V) ->V.
+
+pre_complete_bits(NumBits,Val) when NumBits =< 8 ->
+    [10,NumBits,Val];
+pre_complete_bits(NumBits,Val) when NumBits =< 16 ->
+    [10,NumBits-8,Val bsr 8,10,8,(Val band 255)];
+pre_complete_bits(NumBits,Val) when NumBits =< 2040 -> % 255 * 8
+    Unused = (8 - (NumBits rem 8)) rem 8,
+    Len = NumBits + Unused,
+    [30,Unused,Len div 8,<<(Val bsl Unused):Len>>].
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% encode_UTF8String(Val) -> CompleteList
+%% Val -> <<utf8encoded binary>>
+%% CompleteList -> [apropriate codes and values for driver complete]
+%%
+encode_UTF8String(Val) when is_binary(Val) ->
+    Sz = byte_size(Val),
+    [encode_length(Sz),octets_to_complete(Sz, Val)];
+encode_UTF8String(Val) ->
+    encode_UTF8String(list_to_binary(Val)).
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% encode_object_identifier(Val) -> CompleteList
+%% encode_object_identifier({Name,Val}) -> CompleteList
+%% Val -> {Int1,Int2,...,IntN} % N >= 2
+%% Name -> atom()
+%% Int1 -> integer(0..2)
+%% Int2 -> integer(0..39) when Int1 (0..1) else integer()
+%% Int3-N -> integer()
+%% CompleteList -> [{bits,8,Val}|{octets,Ol}|align|...]
+%%
+encode_object_identifier(Val) ->
+    OctetList = e_object_identifier(Val),
+    Octets = list_to_binary(OctetList),
+    Sz = byte_size(Octets),
+    [encode_length(Sz),
+     octets_to_complete(Sz, Octets)].
+
+e_object_identifier({'OBJECT IDENTIFIER',V}) ->
+    e_object_identifier(V);
+e_object_identifier(V) when is_tuple(V) ->
+    e_object_identifier(tuple_to_list(V));
+
+%% E1 = 0|1|2 and (E2 < 40 when E1 = 0|1)
+e_object_identifier([E1,E2|Tail]) when E1 >= 0, E1 < 2, E2 < 40 ; E1==2 ->
+    Head = 40*E1 + E2,  % weird
+    e_object_elements([Head|Tail],[]);
+e_object_identifier(Oid=[_,_|_Tail]) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{'illegal_value',Oid}}}).
+
+e_object_elements([],Acc) ->
+    lists:reverse(Acc);
+e_object_elements([H|T],Acc) ->
+    e_object_elements(T,[e_object_element(H)|Acc]).
+
+e_object_element(Num) when Num < 128 ->
+    [Num];
+e_object_element(Num) ->
+    [e_o_e(Num bsr 7)|[Num band 2#1111111]].
+e_o_e(Num) when Num < 128 ->
+    Num bor 2#10000000;
+e_o_e(Num) ->
+    [e_o_e(Num bsr 7)|[(Num band 2#1111111) bor 2#10000000]].
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% encode_relative_oid(Val) -> CompleteList
+%% encode_relative_oid({Name,Val}) -> CompleteList
+encode_relative_oid(Val) when is_tuple(Val) ->
+    encode_relative_oid(tuple_to_list(Val));
+encode_relative_oid(Val) when is_list(Val) ->
+    Octets = list_to_binary([e_object_element(X)||X <- Val]),
+    Sz = byte_size(Octets),
+    [encode_length(Sz)|octets_to_complete(Sz, Octets)].
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% complete(InList) -> ByteList
+%% Takes a coded list with bits and bytes and converts it to a list of bytes
+%% Should be applied as the last step at encode of a complete ASN.1 type
+%%
+
+complete(L) ->
+    asn1rt_nif:encode_per_complete(L).
+
+octets_to_complete(Len,Val) when Len < 256 ->
+    [20,Len,Val];
+octets_to_complete(Len,Val) ->
+    [21,<<Len:16>>,Val].
+
+octets_unused_to_complete(Unused,Len,Val) when Len < 256 ->
+    [30,Unused,Len,Val];
+octets_unused_to_complete(Unused,Len,Val) ->
+    [31,Unused,<<Len:16>>,Val].
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7d359a288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+%%
+%% %CopyrightBegin%
+%%
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2012. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+%%
+%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+%% under the License.
+%%
+%% %CopyrightEnd%
+%%
+%%
+-module(asn1rtt_per_common).
+
+-include("asn1_records.hrl").
+
+-export([decode_fragmented/3,
+	 decode_compact_bit_string/1,
+	 decode_legacy_bit_string/1,
+	 decode_named_bit_string/2,
+	 decode_chars/2,decode_chars/3,
+	 decode_chars_16bit/1,
+	 decode_big_chars/2,
+	 decode_oid/1,decode_relative_oid/1]).
+
+-define('16K',16384).
+
+decode_fragmented(SegSz0, Buf0, Unit) ->
+    SegSz = SegSz0 * Unit * ?'16K',
+    <<Res:SegSz/bitstring,Buf/bitstring>> = Buf0,
+    decode_fragmented_1(Buf, Unit, Res).
+
+decode_fragmented_1(<<0:1,N:7,Buf0/bitstring>>, Unit, Res) ->
+    Sz = N*Unit,
+    <<S:Sz/bitstring,Buf/bitstring>> = Buf0,
+    {<<Res/bitstring,S/bitstring>>,Buf};
+decode_fragmented_1(<<1:1,0:1,N:14,Buf0/bitstring>>, Unit, Res) ->
+    Sz = N*Unit,
+    <<S:Sz/bitstring,Buf/bitstring>> = Buf0,
+    {<<Res/bitstring,S/bitstring>>,Buf};
+decode_fragmented_1(<<1:1,1:1,SegSz0:6,Buf0/bitstring>>, Unit, Res0) ->
+    SegSz = SegSz0 * Unit * ?'16K',
+    <<Frag:SegSz/bitstring,Buf/bitstring>> = Buf0,
+    Res = <<Res0/bitstring,Frag/bitstring>>,
+    decode_fragmented_1(Buf, Unit, Res).
+
+decode_named_bit_string(Val, NNL) ->
+    Bits = [B || <<B:1>> <= Val],
+    decode_named_bit_string_1(0, Bits, NNL, []).
+
+decode_legacy_bit_string(Val) ->
+    [B || <<B:1>> <= Val].
+
+decode_compact_bit_string(Val) ->
+    PadLen = (8 - (bit_size(Val) band 7)) band 7,
+    {PadLen,<<Val/bitstring,0:PadLen>>}.
+
+decode_chars(Val, N) ->
+    [C || <<C:N>> <= Val].
+
+decode_chars(Val, N, Chars) ->
+    [element(C+1, Chars) || <<C:N>> <= Val].
+
+decode_chars_16bit(Val) ->
+    Cs = [C || <<C:16>> <= Val],
+    decode_chars_16bit_1(Cs).
+
+decode_big_chars(Val, N) ->
+    decode_big_chars_1(decode_chars(Val, N)).
+
+decode_oid(Octets) ->
+    [First|Rest] = dec_subidentifiers(Octets, 0, []),
+    Idlist = if
+		 First < 40 ->
+		     [0,First|Rest];
+		 First < 80 ->
+		     [1,First - 40|Rest];
+		 true ->
+		     [2,First - 80|Rest]
+	     end,
+    list_to_tuple(Idlist).
+
+decode_relative_oid(Octets) ->
+    list_to_tuple(dec_subidentifiers(Octets, 0, [])).
+
+%%%
+%%% Internal functions.
+%%%
+
+decode_named_bit_string_1(Pos, [0|Bt], Names, Acc) ->
+    decode_named_bit_string_1(Pos+1, Bt, Names, Acc);
+decode_named_bit_string_1(Pos, [1|Bt], Names, Acc) ->
+    case lists:keyfind(Pos, 2, Names) of
+	{Name,_} ->
+	    decode_named_bit_string_1(Pos+1, Bt, Names, [Name|Acc]);
+	false ->
+	    decode_named_bit_string_1(Pos+1, Bt, Names, [{bit,Pos}|Acc])
+    end;
+decode_named_bit_string_1(_Pos, [], _Names, Acc) ->
+    lists:reverse(Acc).
+
+decode_chars_16bit_1([H|T]) when H < 256 ->
+    [H|decode_chars_16bit_1(T)];
+decode_chars_16bit_1([H|T]) ->
+    [{0,0,H bsr 8,H band 255}|decode_chars_16bit_1(T)];
+decode_chars_16bit_1([]) -> [].
+
+decode_big_chars_1([H|T]) when H < 256 ->
+    [H|decode_big_chars_1(T)];
+decode_big_chars_1([H|T]) ->
+    [list_to_tuple(binary_to_list(<<H:32>>))|decode_big_chars_1(T)];
+decode_big_chars_1([]) -> [].
+
+dec_subidentifiers([H|T], Av, Al) when H >=16#80 ->
+    dec_subidentifiers(T, (Av bsl 7) bor (H band 16#7F), Al);
+dec_subidentifiers([H|T], Av, Al) ->
+    dec_subidentifiers(T, 0, [(Av bsl 7) bor H|Al]);
+dec_subidentifiers([], _Av, Al) ->
+    lists:reverse(Al).
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_real_common.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_real_common.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..540f0d60a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_real_common.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+%%
+%% %CopyrightBegin%
+%%
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2012. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+%%
+%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+%% under the License.
+%%
+%% %CopyrightEnd%
+%%
+-module(asn1rtt_real_common).
+
+-export([encode_real/1,decode_real/1,
+	 ber_encode_real/1]).
+
+%%============================================================================
+%%
+%% Real value, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.5
+%%============================================================================
+%%
+%% encode real value
+%%============================================================================
+
+ber_encode_real(0) ->
+    {[],0};
+ber_encode_real('PLUS-INFINITY') ->
+    {[64],1};
+ber_encode_real('MINUS-INFINITY') ->
+    {[65],1};
+ber_encode_real(Val) when is_tuple(Val); is_list(Val) ->
+    encode_real(Val).
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% only base 2 encoding!
+%% binary encoding:
+%% +------------+ +------------+  +-+-+-+-+---+---+
+%% | (tag)9     | |  n + p + 1 |  |1|S|BB |FF |EE |
+%% +------------+ +------------+  +-+-+-+-+---+---+
+%%
+%%	 +------------+	   +------------+
+%%	 |            |	   |            |
+%%	 +------------+	...+------------+
+%%	     n octets for exponent
+%%
+%%	 +------------+	   +------------+
+%%	 |            |	   |            |
+%%	 +------------+	...+------------+
+%%	     p octets for pos mantissa
+%%
+%% S is 0 for positive sign
+%%      1 for negative sign
+%% BB: encoding base, 00 = 2, (01 = 8, 10 = 16)
+%%                             01 and 10 not used
+%% FF: scale factor 00 = 0 (used in base 2 encoding)
+%% EE: encoding of the exponent:
+%%     00 - on the following octet
+%%     01 - on the 2 following octets
+%%     10 - on the 3 following octets
+%%     11 - encoding of the length of the two's-complement encoding of
+%%          exponent on the following octet, and two's-complement
+%%          encoding of exponent on the other octets.
+%%
+%% In DER and base 2 encoding the mantissa is encoded as value 0 or
+%% bit shifted until it is an odd number. Thus, do this for BER as
+%% well.
+
+encode_real(Real) ->
+    encode_real([], Real).
+
+encode_real(_C, {Mantissa, Base, Exponent}) when Base =:= 2 ->
+%%    io:format("Mantissa: ~w Base: ~w, Exp: ~w~n",[Man, Base, Exp]),
+    {Man,ExpAdd} = truncate_zeros(Mantissa), %% DER adjustment
+    Exp = Exponent + ExpAdd,
+    OctExp = if Exp >= 0 -> list_to_binary(encode_pos_integer(Exp, []));
+		true     -> list_to_binary(encode_neg_integer(Exp, []))
+	     end,
+%%    ok = io:format("OctExp: ~w~n",[OctExp]),
+    SignBit = if  Man > 0 -> 0;  % bit 7 is pos or neg, no Zeroval
+		  true -> 1
+	      end,
+%%    ok = io:format("SignBitMask: ~w~n",[SignBitMask]),
+    SFactor = 0,
+    OctExpLen = size(OctExp),
+    if OctExpLen > 255 ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1, {to_big_exp_in_encode_real, OctExpLen}}});
+       true  -> true %% make real assert later..
+    end,
+    {LenCode, EOctets} = case OctExpLen of   % bit 2,1
+			     1 -> {0, OctExp};
+			     2 -> {1, OctExp};
+			     3 -> {2, OctExp};
+			     _ -> {3, <<OctExpLen, OctExp/binary>>}
+			 end,
+    BB = 0, %% 00 for base 2
+    FirstOctet = <<1:1,SignBit:1,BB:2,SFactor:2,LenCode:2>>,
+    OctMantissa = if Man > 0 -> list_to_binary(real_mininum_octets(Man));
+		     true    -> list_to_binary(real_mininum_octets(-(Man))) % signbit keeps track of sign
+		  end,
+    %%    ok = io:format("LenMask: ~w EOctets: ~w~nFirstOctet: ~w OctMantissa: ~w OctExpLen: ~w~n", [LenMask, EOctets, FirstOctet, OctMantissa, OctExpLen]),
+    Bin = <<FirstOctet/binary, EOctets/binary, OctMantissa/binary>>,
+    {Bin, size(Bin)};
+encode_real(C, {Mantissa,Base,Exponent})
+  when Base =:= 10, is_integer(Mantissa), is_integer(Exponent) ->
+    %% always encode as NR3 due to DER on the format
+    %% mmmm.Eseeee where
+    %% m := digit
+    %% s := '-' | '+' | []
+    %% '+' only allowed in +0
+    %% e := digit
+    %% ex: 1234.E-5679
+    ManStr = integer_to_list(Mantissa),
+
+    encode_real_as_string(C,ManStr,Exponent);
+encode_real(_C, {_,Base,_}) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1, {encode_real_non_supported_encoding, Base}}});
+%% base 10
+encode_real(C, Real) when is_list(Real) ->
+    %% The Real string may come in as a NR1, NR2 or NR3 string.
+    {Mantissa, Exponent} =
+	case string:tokens(Real,"Ee") of
+	    [NR2] ->
+		{NR2,0};
+	    [NR3MB,NR3E] ->
+		%% remove beginning zeros
+		{NR3MB,list_to_integer(NR3E)}
+	end,
+
+    %% .Decimal | Number | Number.Decimal
+    ZeroDecimal =
+	fun("0") -> "";
+	   (L) -> L
+	end,
+    {NewMantissa,LenDecimal} =
+	case Mantissa of
+	    [$.|Dec] ->
+		NewMan = remove_trailing_zeros(Dec),
+		{NewMan,length(ZeroDecimal(NewMan))};
+	    _ ->
+		case string:tokens(Mantissa,",.") of
+		    [Num] -> %% No decimal-mark
+			{integer_to_list(list_to_integer(Num)),0};
+		    [Num,Dec] ->
+			NewDec = ZeroDecimal(remove_trailing_zeros(Dec)),
+			NewMan = integer_to_list(list_to_integer(Num)) ++ NewDec,
+			{integer_to_list(list_to_integer(NewMan)),
+			 length(NewDec)}
+		end
+	end,
+
+    encode_real_as_string(C, NewMantissa, Exponent - LenDecimal).
+
+encode_real_as_string(_C, Mantissa, Exponent)
+  when is_list(Mantissa), is_integer(Exponent) ->
+    %% Remove trailing zeros in Mantissa and add this to Exponent
+    TruncMant = remove_trailing_zeros(Mantissa),
+
+    ExpIncr = length(Mantissa) - length(TruncMant),
+
+    ExpStr = integer_to_list(Exponent + ExpIncr),
+
+    ExpBin =
+	case ExpStr of
+	    "0" ->
+		<<"E+0">>;
+	    _ ->
+		ExpB = list_to_binary(ExpStr),
+		<<$E,ExpB/binary>>
+	end,
+    ManBin = list_to_binary(TruncMant),
+    NR3 = 3,
+    {<<NR3,ManBin/binary,$.,ExpBin/binary>>,
+     2 + byte_size(ManBin) + byte_size(ExpBin)}.
+
+remove_trailing_zeros(IntStr) ->
+    case lists:dropwhile(fun($0)-> true;
+			    (_) -> false
+			 end, lists:reverse(IntStr)) of
+	[] ->
+	    "0";
+	ReversedIntStr ->
+	    lists:reverse(ReversedIntStr)
+    end.
+
+truncate_zeros(Num) ->
+    truncate_zeros(Num, 0).
+truncate_zeros(0, Sum) ->
+    {0,Sum};
+truncate_zeros(M, Sum) ->
+    case M band 16#f =:= M band 16#e of
+	true -> truncate_zeros(M bsr 1, Sum+1);
+	_ -> {M,Sum}
+    end.
+
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% decode real value
+%%
+%% decode_real([OctetBufferList], tuple|value, tag|notag) ->
+%%  {{Mantissa, Base, Exp} | realval | PLUS-INFINITY | MINUS-INFINITY | 0,
+%%     RestBuff}
+%%
+%% only for base 2 decoding sofar!!
+%%============================================================================
+
+decode_real(Buffer) ->
+    Sz = byte_size(Buffer),
+    {RealVal,<<>>,Sz} = decode_real2(Buffer, [], Sz, 0),
+    RealVal.
+
+decode_real2(Buffer, _C, 0, _RemBytes) ->
+    {0,Buffer};
+decode_real2(Buffer0, _C, Len, RemBytes1) ->
+    <<First, Buffer2/binary>> = Buffer0,
+    if
+	First =:= 2#01000000 -> {'PLUS-INFINITY', Buffer2};
+	First =:= 2#01000001 -> {'MINUS-INFINITY', Buffer2};
+	First =:= 1 orelse First =:= 2 orelse First =:= 3 ->
+	    %% charcter string encoding of base 10
+	    {NRx,Rest} = split_binary(Buffer2,Len-1),
+	    {binary_to_list(NRx),Rest,Len};
+	true ->
+	    %% have some check here to verify only supported bases (2)
+	    %% not base 8 or 16
+	    <<_B7:1,Sign:1,BB:2,_FF:2,EE:2>> = <<First>>,
+	    Base =
+		case BB of
+		    0 -> 2;  % base 2, only one so far
+		    _ -> exit({error,{asn1, {non_supported_base, BB}}})
+		end,
+	    {FirstLen, {Exp, Buffer3,_Rb2}, RemBytes2} =
+		case EE of
+		    0 -> {2, decode_integer2(1, Buffer2, RemBytes1), RemBytes1+1};
+		    1 -> {3, decode_integer2(2, Buffer2, RemBytes1), RemBytes1+2};
+		    2 -> {4, decode_integer2(3, Buffer2, RemBytes1), RemBytes1+3};
+		    3 ->
+			<<ExpLen1,RestBuffer/binary>> = Buffer2,
+			{ ExpLen1 + 2,
+			  decode_integer2(ExpLen1, RestBuffer, RemBytes1),
+			  RemBytes1+ExpLen1}
+		end,
+	    %%	    io:format("FirstLen: ~w, Exp: ~w, Buffer3: ~w ~n",
+
+	    Length = Len - FirstLen,
+	    <<LongInt:Length/unit:8,RestBuff/binary>> = Buffer3,
+	    {{Mantissa, Buffer4}, RemBytes3} =
+		if Sign =:= 0 ->
+			%%			io:format("sign plus~n"),
+			{{LongInt, RestBuff}, 1 + Length};
+		   true ->
+			%%			io:format("sign minus~n"),
+			{{-LongInt, RestBuff}, 1 + Length}
+		end,
+	    {{Mantissa, Base, Exp}, Buffer4, RemBytes2+RemBytes3}
+    end.
+
+encode_pos_integer(0, [B|_Acc]=L) when B < 128 ->
+    L;
+encode_pos_integer(N, Acc) ->
+    encode_pos_integer(N bsr 8, [N band 16#ff| Acc]).
+
+encode_neg_integer(-1, [B1|_T]=L) when B1 > 127 ->
+    L;
+encode_neg_integer(N, Acc) ->
+    encode_neg_integer(N bsr 8, [N band 16#ff|Acc]).
+
+
+%% Val must be >= 0
+real_mininum_octets(Val) ->
+    real_mininum_octets(Val, []).
+
+real_mininum_octets(0, Acc) ->
+    Acc;
+real_mininum_octets(Val, Acc) ->
+    real_mininum_octets(Val bsr 8, [Val band 16#FF | Acc]).
+
+%% decoding postitive integer values.
+decode_integer2(Len, <<0:1,_:7,_Bs/binary>> = Bin, RemovedBytes) ->
+    <<Int:Len/unit:8,Buffer2/binary>> = Bin,
+    {Int,Buffer2,RemovedBytes};
+%% decoding negative integer values.
+decode_integer2(Len, <<1:1,B2:7,Bs/binary>>, RemovedBytes)  ->
+    <<N:Len/unit:8,Buffer2/binary>> = <<B2,Bs/binary>>,
+    Int = N - (1 bsl (8 * Len - 1)),
+    {Int,Buffer2,RemovedBytes}.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_uper.erl b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_uper.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5e8a3c3bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_uper.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,1042 @@
+%%
+%% %CopyrightBegin%
+%%
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2012. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+%%
+%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+%% under the License.
+%%
+%% %CopyrightEnd%
+%%
+%%
+-module(asn1rtt_uper).
+
+-export([setext/1, fixoptionals/3,
+	 fixextensions/2,
+	 skipextensions/3, getbit/1, getchoice/3 ]).
+-export([set_choice/3, encode_integer/2, encode_integer/3]).
+-export([encode_small_number/1, encode_constrained_number/2,
+	 encode_boolean/1,
+	 encode_length/1, encode_length/2,
+	 encode_bit_string/3]).
+-export([encode_octet_string/1,encode_octet_string/2,
+	 encode_relative_oid/1,
+	 encode_object_identifier/1,
+	 complete/1, complete_NFP/1]).
+
+ -export([encode_open_type/1]).
+
+ -export([encode_UniversalString/2,
+	 encode_PrintableString/2,
+	 encode_GeneralString/2,
+	 encode_GraphicString/2,
+	 encode_TeletexString/2,
+	 encode_VideotexString/2,
+	 encode_VisibleString/2,
+	 encode_UTF8String/1,
+	 encode_BMPString/2,
+	 encode_IA5String/2,
+	 encode_NumericString/2,
+	 encode_ObjectDescriptor/2
+	]).
+
+-define('16K',16384).
+-define('32K',32768).
+-define('64K',65536).
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% setext(true|false) ->  CompleteList
+%%
+
+setext(false) ->
+    <<0:1>>;
+setext(true) ->
+    <<1:1>>.
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% This is the new fixoptionals/3 which is used by the new generates
+%%
+fixoptionals(OptList,OptLength,Val) when is_tuple(Val) ->
+    Bits = fixoptionals(OptList,Val,0),
+    {Val,<<Bits:OptLength>>};
+
+fixoptionals([],_Val,Acc) ->
+    %% Optbits
+    Acc;
+fixoptionals([{Pos,DefVal}|Ot],Val,Acc) ->
+    case element(Pos,Val) of
+	asn1_DEFAULT -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,Acc bsl 1);
+	DefVal -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,Acc bsl 1);
+	_ -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,(Acc bsl 1) + 1)
+    end;
+fixoptionals([Pos|Ot],Val,Acc) ->
+    case element(Pos,Val) of
+	asn1_NOVALUE -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,Acc bsl 1);
+	asn1_DEFAULT -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,Acc bsl 1);
+	_ -> fixoptionals(Ot,Val,(Acc bsl 1) + 1)
+    end.
+
+
+fixextensions({ext,ExtPos,ExtNum},Val) ->
+    case fixextensions(ExtPos,ExtNum+ExtPos,Val,0) of
+	0 -> [];
+	ExtBits ->
+	    [encode_small_length(ExtNum),<<ExtBits:ExtNum>>]
+    end.
+
+fixextensions(Pos,MaxPos,_,Acc) when Pos >= MaxPos ->
+    Acc;
+fixextensions(Pos,ExtPos,Val,Acc) ->
+    Bit = case catch(element(Pos+1,Val)) of
+	      asn1_NOVALUE ->
+		  0;
+	      asn1_NOEXTVALUE ->
+		  0;
+	      {'EXIT',_} ->
+		  0;
+	      _ ->
+		  1
+	  end,
+    fixextensions(Pos+1,ExtPos,Val,(Acc bsl 1)+Bit).
+
+skipextensions(Bytes0, Nr, ExtensionBitstr) when is_bitstring(ExtensionBitstr) ->
+    Prev = Nr - 1,
+    case ExtensionBitstr of
+	<<_:Prev,1:1,_/bitstring>> ->
+	    {Len,Bytes1} = decode_length(Bytes0),
+	    <<_:Len/binary,Bytes2/bitstring>> = Bytes1,
+	    skipextensions(Bytes2, Nr+1, ExtensionBitstr);
+	<<_:Prev,0:1,_/bitstring>> ->
+	    skipextensions(Bytes0, Nr+1, ExtensionBitstr);
+	_ ->
+	    Bytes0
+    end.
+
+
+getchoice(Bytes,1,0) -> % only 1 alternative is not encoded
+    {0,Bytes};
+getchoice(Bytes,_,1) ->
+    decode_small_number(Bytes);
+getchoice(Bytes,NumChoices,0) ->
+    decode_constrained_number(Bytes,{0,NumChoices-1}).
+
+
+getbit(Buffer) ->
+    <<B:1,Rest/bitstring>> = Buffer,
+    {B,Rest}.
+
+getbits(Buffer, Num) when is_bitstring(Buffer) ->
+    <<Bs:Num,Rest/bitstring>> = Buffer,
+    {Bs,Rest}.
+
+
+%% Pick the first Num octets.
+%% Returns octets as an integer with bit significance as in buffer.
+getoctets(Buffer, Num) when is_bitstring(Buffer) ->
+    <<Val:Num/integer-unit:8,RestBitStr/bitstring>> = Buffer,
+    {Val,RestBitStr}.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% set_choice(Alt,Choices,Altnum) -> ListofBitSettings
+%% Alt = atom()
+%% Altnum = integer() | {integer(),integer()}% number of alternatives
+%% Choices = [atom()] | {[atom()],[atom()]}
+%% When Choices is a tuple the first list is the Rootset and the
+%% second is the Extensions and then Altnum must also be a tuple with the
+%% lengths of the 2 lists
+%%
+set_choice(Alt, {L1,L2}, {Len1,_Len2}) ->
+    case set_choice_tag(Alt, L1) of
+	N when is_integer(N), Len1 > 1 ->
+	    [<<0:1>>, % the value is in the root set
+	     encode_integer([{'ValueRange',{0,Len1-1}}],N)];
+	N when is_integer(N) ->
+	    <<0:1>>; % no encoding if only 0 or 1 alternative
+	false ->
+	    [<<1:1>>, % extension value
+	     case set_choice_tag(Alt,L2) of
+		 N2 when is_integer(N2) ->
+		     encode_small_number(N2);
+		 false ->
+		     unknown_choice_alt
+	     end]
+    end;
+set_choice(Alt,L,Len) ->
+    case set_choice_tag(Alt,L) of
+	N when is_integer(N), Len > 1 ->
+	    encode_integer([{'ValueRange',{0,Len-1}}],N);
+	N when is_integer(N) ->
+	    []; % no encoding if only 0 or 1 alternative
+	false ->
+	    [unknown_choice_alt]
+    end.
+
+set_choice_tag(Alt,Choices) ->
+    set_choice_tag(Alt,Choices,0).
+
+set_choice_tag(Alt,[Alt|_Rest],Tag) ->
+    Tag;
+set_choice_tag(Alt,[_H|Rest],Tag) ->
+    set_choice_tag(Alt,Rest,Tag+1);
+set_choice_tag(_Alt,[],_Tag) ->
+    false.
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% encode_open_type(Constraint, Value) -> CompleteList
+%% Value = list of bytes of an already encoded value (the list must be flat)
+%%         | binary
+%% Contraint = not used in this version
+%%
+encode_open_type(Val) when is_list(Val) ->
+    encode_open_type(list_to_binary(Val));
+encode_open_type(Val) when is_binary(Val) ->
+    [encode_length(byte_size(Val)),Val].
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% encode_integer(Constraint,Value,NamedNumberList) -> CompleteList
+%% encode_integer(Constraint,Value) -> CompleteList
+%% encode_integer(Constraint,{Name,Value}) -> CompleteList
+%%
+%%
+encode_integer(C, V, NamedNumberList) when is_atom(V) ->
+    case lists:keyfind(V, 1, NamedNumberList) of
+	{_,NewV} ->
+	    encode_integer(C, NewV);
+	false ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{namednumber,V}}})
+    end;
+encode_integer(C, V, _NamedNumberList) when is_integer(V) ->
+    encode_integer(C, V).
+
+encode_integer([{Rc,_Ec}],Val) when is_tuple(Rc) ->
+    try
+	[<<0:1>>,encode_integer([Rc], Val)]
+    catch
+	_:{error,{asn1,_}} ->
+	    [<<1:1>>,encode_unconstrained_number(Val)]
+    end;
+encode_integer(C, Val) when is_list(C) ->
+    case get_constraint(C, 'SingleValue') of
+	no ->
+	    encode_integer1(C,Val);
+	V when is_integer(V), V =:= Val ->
+	    []; % a type restricted to a single value encodes to nothing
+	V when is_list(V) ->
+	    case lists:member(Val,V) of
+		true ->
+		    encode_integer1(C,Val);
+		_ ->
+		    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,Val}}})
+	    end;
+	_ ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,Val}}})
+    end.
+
+encode_integer1(C, Val) ->
+    case VR = get_constraint(C, 'ValueRange') of
+	no ->
+	    encode_unconstrained_number(Val);
+	{Lb,'MAX'} ->
+	    encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb, Val);
+	%% positive with range
+	{Lb,Ub} when Val >= Lb, Ub >= Val ->
+	    encode_constrained_number(VR,Val);
+	_ ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_value,VR,Val}}})
+    end.
+
+%% X.691:10.6 Encoding of a normally small non-negative whole number
+%% Use this for encoding of CHOICE index if there is an extension marker in
+%% the CHOICE
+encode_small_number(Val) when Val < 64 ->
+    <<Val:7>>;
+encode_small_number(Val) ->
+    [<<1:1>>|encode_semi_constrained_number(0, Val)].
+
+decode_small_number(Bytes) ->
+    {Bit,Bytes2} = getbit(Bytes),
+    case Bit of
+	0 ->
+	    getbits(Bytes2,6);
+	1 ->
+	    decode_semi_constrained_number(Bytes2)
+    end.
+
+%% X.691:10.7 Encoding of a semi-constrained whole number
+encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb, Val) ->
+    %% encoding in minimum number of octets preceeded by a length
+    Val2 = Val - Lb,
+    Bin = eint_bin_positive(Val2),
+    Size = byte_size(Bin),
+    if
+	Size < 128 ->
+	    [<<Size>>,Bin];
+	Size < 16384 ->
+	    [<<2:2,Size:14>>,Bin];
+	true ->
+	    [encode_length(Size),Bin]
+    end.
+
+decode_semi_constrained_number(Bytes) ->
+    {Len,Bytes2} = decode_length(Bytes),
+    {V,Bytes3} = getoctets(Bytes2,Len),
+    {V,Bytes3}.
+
+encode_constrained_number({Lb,Ub}, Val) when Val >= Lb, Ub >= Val ->
+    Range = Ub - Lb + 1,
+    Val2 = Val - Lb,
+    NumBits = num_bits(Range),
+    <<Val2:NumBits>>;
+encode_constrained_number(Range,Val) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{integer_range,Range,value,Val}}}).
+
+
+decode_constrained_number(Buffer, {Lb,Ub}) ->
+    Range = Ub - Lb + 1,
+    NumBits = num_bits(Range),
+    {Val,Remain} = getbits(Buffer,NumBits),
+    {Val+Lb,Remain}.
+
+%% X.691:10.8 Encoding of an unconstrained whole number
+
+encode_unconstrained_number(Val) when Val >= 0 ->
+    Oct = eint_bin_2Cs(Val),
+    Len = byte_size(Oct),
+    if
+	Len < 128 ->
+	    [<<Len>>,Oct]; % equiv with encode_length(undefined,Len) but faster
+	Len < 16384 ->
+	    [<<2:2,Len:14>>,Oct];
+	true ->
+	    [encode_length(Len),<<Len:16>>,Oct]
+    end;
+encode_unconstrained_number(Val) -> % negative
+    Oct = enint(Val,[]),
+    Len = byte_size(Oct),
+    if
+	Len < 128 ->
+	    [<<Len>>,Oct]; % equiv with encode_length(undefined,Len) but faster
+	Len < 16384 ->
+	    [<<2:2,Len:14>>,Oct];
+	true ->
+	    [encode_length(Len),Oct]
+    end.
+
+
+eint_bin_2Cs(Int) ->
+    case eint_bin_positive(Int) of
+	<<B,_/binary>> = Bin when B > 16#7f ->
+	    <<0,Bin/binary>>;
+	Bin -> Bin
+    end.
+
+%% returns the integer as a binary
+eint_bin_positive(Val) when Val < 16#100  ->
+    <<Val>>;
+eint_bin_positive(Val) when Val < 16#10000 ->
+    <<Val:16>>;
+eint_bin_positive(Val) when Val < 16#1000000 ->
+    <<Val:24>>;
+eint_bin_positive(Val) when Val < 16#100000000 ->
+    <<Val:32>>;
+eint_bin_positive(Val) ->
+    list_to_binary([eint_bin_positive2(Val bsr 32),<<Val:32>>]).
+
+eint_bin_positive2(Val) when Val < 16#100  ->
+    <<Val>>;
+eint_bin_positive2(Val) when Val < 16#10000 ->
+    <<Val:16>>;
+eint_bin_positive2(Val) when Val < 16#1000000 ->
+    <<Val:24>>;
+eint_bin_positive2(Val) when Val < 16#100000000 ->
+    <<Val:32>>;
+eint_bin_positive2(Val) ->
+    [eint_bin_positive2(Val bsr 32),<<Val:32>>].
+
+
+
+
+enint(-1, [B1|T]) when B1 > 127 ->
+    list_to_binary([B1|T]);
+enint(N, Acc) ->
+    enint(N bsr 8, [N band 16#ff|Acc]).
+
+
+%% X.691:10.9 Encoding of a length determinant
+%%encode_small_length(undefined,Len) -> % null means no UpperBound
+%%    encode_small_number(Len).
+
+%% X.691:10.9.3.5
+%% X.691:10.9.3.7
+encode_length(Len) -> % un-constrained
+    if
+	Len < 128 ->
+	    <<Len>>;
+	Len < 16384 ->
+	    <<2:2,Len:14>>;
+	true  -> % should be able to endode length >= 16384
+	    error({error,{asn1,{encode_length,{nyi,above_16k}}}})
+    end.
+
+encode_length(undefined, Len) ->		% unconstrained
+    encode_length(Len);
+encode_length({0,'MAX'},Len) ->
+    encode_length(undefined, Len);
+encode_length({Lb,Ub}=Vr, Len) when Ub =< 65535, Lb >= 0 -> % constrained
+    encode_constrained_number(Vr,Len);
+encode_length({Lb,_Ub}, Len) when is_integer(Lb), Lb >= 0 -> % Ub > 65535
+    encode_length(Len);
+encode_length({{Lb,Ub}=Vr,Ext},Len)
+  when Ub =< 65535, Lb >= 0, Len =< Ub, is_list(Ext) ->
+    %% constrained extensible
+    [<<0:1>>,encode_constrained_number(Vr,Len)];
+encode_length({{Lb,_Ub},Ext}, Len) when is_list(Ext) ->
+    [<<1:1>>,encode_semi_constrained_number(Lb, Len)];
+encode_length(SingleValue, _Len) when is_integer(SingleValue) ->
+    [].
+
+%% X.691 10.9.3.4 (only used for length of bitmap that prefixes extension
+%% additions in a sequence or set
+encode_small_length(Len) when Len =< 64 ->
+    <<(Len-1):7>>;
+encode_small_length(Len) ->
+    [<<1:1>>,encode_length(Len)].
+
+
+%% un-constrained
+decode_length(<<0:1,Oct:7,Rest/bitstring>>)  ->
+    {Oct,Rest};
+decode_length(<<2:2,Val:14,Rest/bitstring>>)  ->
+    {Val,Rest};
+decode_length(<<3:2,_:14,_Rest/bitstring>>)  ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{decode_length,{nyi,above_16k}}}}).
+
+						% X.691:11
+encode_boolean(true) ->
+    <<1:1>>;
+encode_boolean(false) ->
+    <<0:1>>;
+encode_boolean(Val) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{encode_boolean,Val}}}).
+
+
+%%============================================================================
+%%============================================================================
+%% Bitstring value, ITU_T X.690 Chapter 8.5
+%%============================================================================
+%%============================================================================
+
+%%============================================================================
+%% encode bitstring value
+%%============================================================================
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% bitstring NamedBitList
+%% Val can be  of:
+%% - [identifiers] where only named identifers are set to one,
+%%   the Constraint must then have some information of the
+%%   bitlength.
+%% - [list of ones and zeroes] all bits
+%% - integer value representing the bitlist
+%% C is constraint Len, only valid when identifiers are present
+
+
+%% when the value is a list of {Unused,BinBits}, where
+%% Unused = integer(),
+%% BinBits = binary().
+
+encode_bit_string(C, Bits, NamedBitList) when is_bitstring(Bits) ->
+    PadLen = (8 - (bit_size(Bits) band 7)) band 7,
+    Compact = {PadLen,<<Bits/bitstring,0:PadLen>>},
+    encode_bit_string(C, Compact, NamedBitList);
+encode_bit_string(C, {Unused,BinBits}=Bin, NamedBitList)
+  when is_integer(Unused), is_binary(BinBits) ->
+    encode_bin_bit_string(C, Bin, NamedBitList);
+
+encode_bit_string(C, BitListVal, NamedBitList) ->
+    encode_bit_string1(C, BitListVal, NamedBitList).
+
+%% when the value is a list of named bits
+encode_bit_string1(C, [FirstVal|_RestVal]=LoNB, NamedBitList)
+  when is_atom(FirstVal) ->
+    ToSetPos = get_all_bitposes(LoNB, NamedBitList, []),
+    BitList = make_and_set_list(ToSetPos, 0),
+    encode_bit_string1(C, BitList, NamedBitList);
+encode_bit_string1(C, [{bit,_No}|_RestVal]=BL, NamedBitList) ->
+    ToSetPos = get_all_bitposes(BL, NamedBitList, []),
+    BitList = make_and_set_list(ToSetPos, 0),
+    encode_bit_string1(C, BitList, NamedBitList);
+%% when the value is a list of ones and zeroes
+encode_bit_string1(Int, BitListValue, _)
+  when is_list(BitListValue), is_integer(Int) ->
+    %% The type is constrained by a single value size constraint
+    bit_list2bitstr(Int, BitListValue);
+encode_bit_string1(no, BitListValue, [])
+  when is_list(BitListValue) ->
+    Len = length(BitListValue),
+    [encode_length(Len),bit_list2bitstr(Len,BitListValue)];
+encode_bit_string1(C, BitListValue,[])
+  when is_list(BitListValue) ->
+    Len = length(BitListValue),
+    [encode_length(C, Len),bit_list2bitstr(Len,BitListValue)];
+encode_bit_string1(no, BitListValue,_NamedBitList)
+  when is_list(BitListValue) ->
+    NewBitLVal = lists:reverse(lists:dropwhile(fun(0)->true;(1)->false end,
+					    lists:reverse(BitListValue))),
+    Len = length(NewBitLVal),
+    [encode_length(Len),bit_list2bitstr(Len,NewBitLVal)];
+encode_bit_string1(C, BitListValue, _NamedBitList)
+  when is_list(BitListValue) ->% C = {_,'MAX'}
+    NewBitStr = bitstr_trailing_zeros(BitListValue, C),
+    [encode_length(C, bit_size(NewBitStr)),NewBitStr];
+
+
+%% when the value is an integer
+encode_bit_string1(C, IntegerVal, NamedBitList) when is_integer(IntegerVal)->
+    BitList = int_to_bitlist(IntegerVal),
+    encode_bit_string1(C, BitList, NamedBitList).
+
+bit_list2bitstr(Len,BitListValue) ->
+    case length(BitListValue) of
+	Len ->
+	    << <<B:1>> || B <- BitListValue>>;
+	L when L > Len -> % truncate
+	    <<(<< <<B:1>> || B <- BitListValue>>):Len/bitstring>>;
+	L -> % Len > L -> pad
+	    <<(<< <<B:1>> || B <- BitListValue>>)/bitstring,0:(Len-L)>>
+	end.
+
+adjust_trailing_zeros(Len, Bin) when Len =:= bit_size(Bin) ->
+    Bin;
+adjust_trailing_zeros(Len, Bin) when Len > bit_size(Bin) ->
+    <<Bin/bitstring,0:(Len-bit_size(Bin))>>;
+adjust_trailing_zeros(Len,Bin) ->
+    <<Bin:Len/bitstring>>.
+
+bitstr_trailing_zeros(BitList, C) when is_integer(C) ->
+    bitstr_trailing_zeros1(BitList, C, C);
+bitstr_trailing_zeros(BitList, {Lb,Ub}) when is_integer(Lb) ->
+    bitstr_trailing_zeros1(BitList,Lb,Ub);
+bitstr_trailing_zeros(BitList, {{Lb,Ub},_}) when is_integer(Lb) ->
+    bitstr_trailing_zeros1(BitList, Lb, Ub);
+bitstr_trailing_zeros(BitList, _) ->
+    bit_list2bitstr(length(BitList), BitList).
+
+bitstr_trailing_zeros1(BitList, Lb, Ub) ->
+    case length(BitList) of
+	Lb -> bit_list2bitstr(Lb, BitList);
+	B when B < Lb -> bit_list2bitstr(Lb, BitList);
+	D -> F = fun(L,LB,LB,_,_)->bit_list2bitstr(LB,lists:reverse(L));
+		    ([0|R],L1,LB,UB,Fun)->Fun(R,L1-1,LB,UB,Fun);
+		    (L,L1,_,UB,_)when L1 =< UB ->
+			 bit_list2bitstr(L1,lists:reverse(L));
+		    (_,_L1,_,_,_) ->exit({error,{list_length_BIT_STRING,
+						 BitList}}) end,
+	     F(lists:reverse(BitList),D,Lb,Ub,F)
+    end.
+
+%% encode_bin_bit_string/3, when value is a tuple of Unused and BinBits.
+%% Unused = integer(),i.e. number unused bits in least sign. byte of
+%% BinBits = binary().
+encode_bin_bit_string(C, {_,BinBits}, _NamedBitList)
+  when is_integer(C), C =< 16 ->
+    adjust_trailing_zeros(C, BinBits);
+encode_bin_bit_string(C, {_Unused,BinBits}, _NamedBitList)
+  when is_integer(C) ->
+    adjust_trailing_zeros(C, BinBits);
+encode_bin_bit_string(C, {_,_}=UnusedAndBin, NamedBitList) ->
+    %% removes all trailing bits if NamedBitList is not empty
+    BitStr = remove_trailing_bin(NamedBitList, UnusedAndBin),
+    case C of
+	{Lb,Ub} when is_integer(Lb),is_integer(Ub) ->
+	    [encode_length({Lb,Ub},bit_size(BitStr)),BitStr];
+	no ->
+	    [encode_length(bit_size(BitStr)),BitStr];
+	Sc ->
+	    [encode_length(Sc,bit_size(BitStr)),BitStr]
+    end.
+
+
+remove_trailing_bin([], {Unused,Bin}) ->
+    BS = bit_size(Bin)-Unused,
+    <<BitStr:BS/bitstring,_:Unused>> = Bin,
+    BitStr;
+remove_trailing_bin(_NamedNumberList, {_Unused,<<>>}) ->
+    <<>>;
+remove_trailing_bin(NamedNumberList, {_Unused,Bin}) ->
+    Size = byte_size(Bin)-1,
+    <<Bfront:Size/binary, LastByte:8>> = Bin,
+
+    %% clear the Unused bits to be sure
+    Unused1 = trailingZeroesInNibble(LastByte band 15),
+    Unused2 =
+	case Unused1 of
+	    4 ->
+		4 + trailingZeroesInNibble(LastByte bsr 4);
+	    _ -> Unused1
+	end,
+    case Unused2 of
+	8 ->
+	    remove_trailing_bin(NamedNumberList,{0,Bfront});
+	_ ->
+	    BS = bit_size(Bin) - Unused2,
+	    <<BitStr:BS/bitstring,_:Unused2>> = Bin,
+	    BitStr
+    end.
+
+trailingZeroesInNibble(0) ->
+    4;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(1) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(2) ->
+    1;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(3) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(4) ->
+    2;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(5) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(6) ->
+    1;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(7) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(8) ->
+    3;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(9) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(10) ->
+    1;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(11) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(12) -> %#1100
+    2;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(13) ->
+    0;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(14) ->
+    1;
+trailingZeroesInNibble(15) ->
+    0.
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%
+
+int_to_bitlist(Int) when is_integer(Int), Int > 0 ->
+    [Int band 1 | int_to_bitlist(Int bsr 1)];
+int_to_bitlist(0) ->
+    [].
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% get_all_bitposes([list of named bits to set], named_bit_db, []) ->
+%%   [sorted_list_of_bitpositions_to_set]
+
+get_all_bitposes([{bit,ValPos}|Rest], NamedBitList, Ack) ->
+    get_all_bitposes(Rest, NamedBitList, [ValPos | Ack ]);
+
+get_all_bitposes([Val | Rest], NamedBitList, Ack) ->
+    case lists:keyfind(Val, 1, NamedBitList) of
+	{_ValName, ValPos} ->
+	    get_all_bitposes(Rest, NamedBitList, [ValPos | Ack]);
+	false ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1, {bitstring_namedbit, Val}}})
+    end;
+get_all_bitposes([], _NamedBitList, Ack) ->
+    lists:sort(Ack).
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% make_and_set_list([list of positions to set to 1])->
+%% returns list with all in SetPos set.
+%% in positioning in list the first element is 0, the second 1 etc.., but
+%%
+
+make_and_set_list([XPos|SetPos], XPos) ->
+    [1 | make_and_set_list(SetPos, XPos + 1)];
+make_and_set_list([Pos|SetPos], XPos) ->
+    [0 | make_and_set_list([Pos | SetPos], XPos + 1)];
+make_and_set_list([], _) ->
+    [].
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% X.691:16
+%% encode_octet_string(Val)
+%% encode_octet_string(Constraint, Val)
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+encode_octet_string(Val) ->
+    try
+	[encode_length(length(Val)),list_to_binary(Val)]
+    catch
+	error:{error,{asn1,{encode_length,_}}} ->
+	    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
+    end.
+
+encode_octet_string(C, Val) ->
+    case C of
+	1 ->
+	    list_to_binary(Val);
+	2 ->
+	    list_to_binary(Val);
+	{_,_}=VR  ->
+	    try
+		[encode_length(VR, length(Val)),list_to_binary(Val)]
+	    catch
+		error:{error,{asn1,{encode_length,_}}} ->
+		    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
+	    end;
+	Sv when is_integer(Sv), Sv =:= length(Val) -> % fixed length
+	    if
+		Sv =< 65535 ->
+		    list_to_binary(Val);
+		true ->
+		    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
+	    end;
+	Sv when is_list(Sv) ->
+	    try
+		[encode_length({hd(Sv),lists:max(Sv)},
+			       length(Val)),list_to_binary(Val)]
+	    catch
+		error:{error,{asn1,{encode_length,_}}} ->
+		    encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val)
+	    end
+    end.
+
+
+encode_fragmented_octet_string(Val) ->
+    Bin = list_to_binary(Val),
+    efos_1(Bin).
+
+efos_1(<<B:16#10000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
+    [<<3:2,4:6>>,B|efos_1(T)];
+efos_1(<<B:16#C000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
+    [<<3:2,3:6>>,B|efos_1(T)];
+efos_1(<<B:16#8000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
+    [<<3:2,2:6>>,B|efos_1(T)];
+efos_1(<<B:16#4000/binary,T/binary>>) ->
+    [<<3:2,1:6>>,B|efos_1(T)];
+efos_1(<<B/bitstring>>) ->
+    Len = byte_size(B),
+    [encode_length(Len),B].
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% Restricted char string types
+%% (NumericString, PrintableString,VisibleString,IA5String,BMPString,UniversalString)
+%% X.691:26 and X.680:34-36
+%%encode_restricted_string('BMPString',Constraints,Extension,Val)
+
+
+encode_restricted_string(Val) when is_list(Val)->
+    [encode_length(length(Val)),list_to_binary(Val)].
+
+encode_known_multiplier_string(StringType, C, Val) ->
+    Result = chars_encode(C, StringType, Val),
+    NumBits = get_NumBits(C, StringType),
+    case get_constraint(C, 'SizeConstraint') of
+	Ub when is_integer(Ub), Ub*NumBits =< 16  ->
+	    Result;
+	0 ->
+	    [];
+	Ub when is_integer(Ub),Ub =<65535 -> % fixed length
+	    Result;
+	{Ub,Lb} ->
+	    [encode_length({Ub,Lb}, length(Val)),Result];
+	Vl when is_list(Vl) ->
+	    [encode_length({lists:min(Vl),lists:max(Vl)}, length(Val)),Result];
+	no  ->
+	    [encode_length(length(Val)),Result]
+    end.
+
+encode_NumericString(C,Val) ->
+    encode_known_multiplier_string('NumericString',C,Val).
+
+encode_PrintableString(C,Val) ->
+    encode_known_multiplier_string('PrintableString',C,Val).
+
+encode_VisibleString(C,Val) -> % equivalent with ISO646String
+    encode_known_multiplier_string('VisibleString',C,Val).
+
+encode_IA5String(C,Val) ->
+    encode_known_multiplier_string('IA5String',C,Val).
+
+encode_BMPString(C,Val) ->
+    encode_known_multiplier_string('BMPString',C,Val).
+
+encode_UniversalString(C,Val) ->
+    encode_known_multiplier_string('UniversalString',C,Val).
+
+
+%% end of known-multiplier strings for which PER visible constraints are
+%% applied
+
+encode_GeneralString(_C,Val) ->
+    encode_restricted_string(Val).
+
+encode_GraphicString(_C,Val) ->
+    encode_restricted_string(Val).
+
+encode_ObjectDescriptor(_C,Val) ->
+    encode_restricted_string(Val).
+
+encode_TeletexString(_C,Val) -> % equivalent with T61String
+    encode_restricted_string(Val).
+
+encode_VideotexString(_C,Val) ->
+    encode_restricted_string(Val).
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% chars_encode(C,StringType,Value) -> ValueList
+%%
+%% encodes chars according to the per rules taking the constraint PermittedAlphabet
+%% into account.
+%% This function does only encode the value part and NOT the length
+
+chars_encode(C,StringType,Value) ->
+    case {StringType,get_constraint(C,'PermittedAlphabet')} of
+	{'UniversalString',{_,_Sv}} ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{'not implemented',"UniversalString with PermittedAlphabet constraint"}}});
+	{'BMPString',{_,_Sv}} ->
+	    exit({error,{asn1,{'not implemented',"BMPString with PermittedAlphabet constraint"}}});
+	_ ->
+	    {NumBits,CharOutTab} = {get_NumBits(C,StringType),get_CharOutTab(C,StringType)},
+	    chars_encode2(Value,NumBits,CharOutTab)
+    end.
+
+chars_encode2([H|T],NumBits,{Min,Max,notab}) when  H =< Max, H >= Min ->
+    [<<(H-Min):NumBits>>|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,notab})];
+chars_encode2([H|T],NumBits,{Min,Max,Tab}) when H =< Max, H >= Min ->
+    Ch = exit_if_false(H,element(H-Min+1,Tab)),
+    [<<Ch:NumBits>>|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,Tab})];
+chars_encode2([{A,B,C,D}|T],NumBits,{Min,Max,notab}) ->
+    %% no value range check here (ought to be, but very expensive)
+    Ch = ((((((A bsl 8)+B) bsl 8)+C) bsl 8)+D)-Min,
+    [<<Ch:NumBits>>|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,notab})];
+chars_encode2([{A,B,C,D}|T],NumBits,{Min,Max,Tab}) ->
+    %% no value range check here (ought to be, but very expensive)
+    Ch = exit_if_false({A,B,C,D},element(((((((A bsl 8)+B) bsl 8)+C) bsl 8)+D)-Min,Tab)),
+    [<<Ch:NumBits>>|chars_encode2(T,NumBits,{Min,Max,notab})];
+chars_encode2([H|_T],_,{_,_,_}) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{illegal_char_value,H}}});
+chars_encode2([],_,_) ->
+    [].
+
+exit_if_false(V,false)->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{"illegal value according to Permitted alphabet constraint",V}}});
+exit_if_false(_,V) ->V.
+
+
+get_NumBits(C,StringType) ->
+    case get_constraint(C,'PermittedAlphabet') of
+	{'SingleValue',Sv} ->
+	    charbits(length(Sv));
+	no ->
+	    case StringType of
+		'IA5String' ->
+		    charbits(128); % 16#00..16#7F
+		'VisibleString' ->
+		    charbits(95); % 16#20..16#7E
+		'PrintableString' ->
+		    charbits(74); % [$\s,$',$(,$),$+,$,,$-,$.,$/,"0123456789",$:,$=,$?,$A..$Z,$a..$z
+		'NumericString' ->
+		    charbits(11); % $ ,"0123456789"
+		'UniversalString' ->
+		    32;
+		'BMPString' ->
+		    16
+	    end
+    end.
+
+get_CharOutTab(C,StringType) ->
+    case get_constraint(C,'PermittedAlphabet') of
+	{'SingleValue',Sv} ->
+	    get_CharTab2(C,StringType,hd(Sv),lists:max(Sv),Sv);
+	no ->
+	    case StringType of
+		'IA5String' ->
+		    {0,16#7F,notab};
+		'VisibleString' ->
+		    get_CharTab2(C,StringType,16#20,16#7F,notab);
+		'PrintableString' ->
+		    Chars = lists:sort(
+			      " '()+,-./0123456789:=?ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"),
+		    get_CharTab2(C,StringType,hd(Chars),lists:max(Chars),Chars);
+		'NumericString' ->
+		    get_CharTab2(C,StringType,16#20,$9," 0123456789");
+		'UniversalString' ->
+		    {0,16#FFFFFFFF,notab};
+		'BMPString' ->
+		    {0,16#FFFF,notab}
+	    end
+    end.
+
+get_CharTab2(C,StringType,Min,Max,Chars) ->
+    BitValMax = (1 bsl get_NumBits(C,StringType))-1,
+    if
+	Max =< BitValMax ->
+	    {0,Max,notab};
+	true ->
+	    {Min,Max,create_char_tab(Min,Chars)}
+    end.
+
+create_char_tab(Min,L) ->
+    list_to_tuple(create_char_tab(Min,L,0)).
+create_char_tab(Min,[Min|T],V) ->
+    [V|create_char_tab(Min+1,T,V+1)];
+create_char_tab(_Min,[],_V) ->
+    [];
+create_char_tab(Min,L,V) ->
+    [false|create_char_tab(Min+1,L,V)].
+
+%% See Table 20.3 in Dubuisson
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 2 -> 1;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 4 -> 2;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 8 -> 3;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 16 -> 4;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 32 -> 5;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 64 -> 6;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 128 -> 7;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 256 -> 8;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 512 -> 9;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 1024 -> 10;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 2048 -> 11;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 4096 -> 12;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 8192 -> 13;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 16384 -> 14;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 32768 -> 15;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when NumOfChars =< 65536 -> 16;
+charbits(NumOfChars) when is_integer(NumOfChars) ->
+    16 + charbits1(NumOfChars bsr 16).
+
+charbits1(0) ->
+    0;
+charbits1(NumOfChars) ->
+    1 + charbits1(NumOfChars bsr 1).
+
+
+%% UTF8String
+encode_UTF8String(Val) when is_binary(Val) ->
+    [encode_length(byte_size(Val)),Val];
+encode_UTF8String(Val) ->
+    Bin = list_to_binary(Val),
+    encode_UTF8String(Bin).
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% encode_object_identifier(Val) -> CompleteList
+%% encode_object_identifier({Name,Val}) -> CompleteList
+%% Val -> {Int1,Int2,...,IntN} % N >= 2
+%% Name -> atom()
+%% Int1 -> integer(0..2)
+%% Int2 -> integer(0..39) when Int1 (0..1) else integer()
+%% Int3-N -> integer()
+%% CompleteList -> [binary()|bitstring()|list()]
+%%
+encode_object_identifier(Val) ->
+    OctetList = e_object_identifier(Val),
+    Octets = list_to_binary(OctetList), % performs a flatten at the same time
+    [encode_length(byte_size(Octets)),Octets].
+
+%% This code is copied from asn1_encode.erl (BER) and corrected and modified
+
+e_object_identifier({'OBJECT IDENTIFIER',V}) ->
+    e_object_identifier(V);
+e_object_identifier(V) when is_tuple(V) ->
+    e_object_identifier(tuple_to_list(V));
+
+%% E1 = 0|1|2 and (E2 < 40 when E1 = 0|1)
+e_object_identifier([E1,E2|Tail]) when E1 >= 0, E1 < 2, E2 < 40 ; E1==2 ->
+    Head = 40*E1 + E2,  % weird
+    e_object_elements([Head|Tail],[]);
+e_object_identifier(Oid=[_,_|_Tail]) ->
+    exit({error,{asn1,{'illegal_value',Oid}}}).
+
+e_object_elements([],Acc) ->
+    lists:reverse(Acc);
+e_object_elements([H|T],Acc) ->
+    e_object_elements(T,[e_object_element(H)|Acc]).
+
+e_object_element(Num) when Num < 128 ->
+    [Num];
+e_object_element(Num) ->
+    [e_o_e(Num bsr 7)|[Num band 2#1111111]].
+e_o_e(Num) when Num < 128 ->
+    Num bor 2#10000000;
+e_o_e(Num) ->
+    [e_o_e(Num bsr 7)|[(Num band 2#1111111) bor 2#10000000]].
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% encode_relative_oid(Val) -> CompleteList
+%% encode_relative_oid({Name,Val}) -> CompleteList
+encode_relative_oid(Val) when is_tuple(Val) ->
+    encode_relative_oid(tuple_to_list(Val));
+encode_relative_oid(Val) when is_list(Val) ->
+    Octets = list_to_binary([e_object_element(X)||X <- Val]),
+    [encode_length(byte_size(Octets)),Octets].
+
+
+get_constraint([{Key,V}],Key) ->
+    V;
+get_constraint([],_Key) ->
+    no;
+get_constraint(C,Key) ->
+    case lists:keyfind(Key, 1, C) of
+	false ->
+	    no;
+	{_,V} ->
+	    V
+    end.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% complete(InList) -> ByteList
+%% Takes a coded list with bits and bytes and converts it to a list of bytes
+%% Should be applied as the last step at encode of a complete ASN.1 type
+%%
+complete(InList) when is_list(InList) ->
+    case complete1(InList) of
+	<<>> ->
+	    <<0>>;
+	Res ->
+	    case bit_size(Res) band 7 of
+		0 -> Res;
+		Bits -> <<Res/bitstring,0:(8-Bits)>>
+	end
+    end;
+complete(InList) when is_binary(InList) ->
+    InList;
+complete(InList) when is_bitstring(InList) ->
+    PadLen = 8 - (bit_size(InList) band 7),
+    <<InList/bitstring,0:PadLen>>.
+
+complete1(L) when is_list(L) ->
+    list_to_bitstring(L).
+
+%% Special version of complete that does not align the completed message.
+complete_NFP(InList) when is_list(InList) ->
+    list_to_bitstring(InList);
+complete_NFP(InList) when is_bitstring(InList) ->
+    InList.
+
+%% unaligned helpers
+
+%% 10.5.6 NOTE: If "range" satisfies the inequality 2^m < "range" =<
+%% 2^(m+1) then the number of bits = m + 1
+
+num_bits(N) -> num_bits(N, 1, 0).
+
+num_bits(N,T,B) when N =< T -> B;
+num_bits(N,T,B) -> num_bits(N, T bsl 1, B+1).
diff --git a/lib/asn1/src/prepare_templates.erl b/lib/asn1/src/prepare_templates.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83155b2e52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1/src/prepare_templates.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+%%
+%% %CopyrightBegin%
+%%
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2012. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+%%
+%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+%% under the License.
+%%
+%% %CopyrightEnd%
+%%
+
+-module(prepare_templates).
+-export([gen_asn1ct_rtt/1,gen_asn1ct_eval/1]).
+
+gen_asn1ct_rtt(Ms) ->
+    io:format("%% Generated by ~s. DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE.\n"
+	      "%%\n"
+	      "%% Input files:\n", [?MODULE]),
+    [io:put_chars(["%%  ",M,$\n]) || M <- Ms],
+    io:nl(),
+    io:put_chars("-module(asn1ct_rtt).\n"
+		 "-export([assert_defined/1,dependencies/1,code/0]).\n"
+		 "\n"),
+    Forms = lists:sort(lists:append([abstract(M) || M <- Ms])),
+    Exp = lists:sort(exports(Forms)),
+    defined(Exp),
+    io:nl(),
+    Calls = calls(Forms),
+    R = sofs:relation(Calls),
+    Fam0 = sofs:relation_to_family(R),
+    Fam = sofs:to_external(Fam0),
+    dependencies(Fam),
+    io:nl(),
+    Funcs = [begin
+		 Bin = list_to_binary([$\n|erl_pp:function(Func)]),
+		 {{M,F,A},Bin}
+	     end || {M,{function,_,F,A,_}=Func} <- Forms],
+    io:format("code() ->\n~p.\n\n", [Funcs]),
+    halt(0).
+
+gen_asn1ct_eval([File]) ->
+    {ok,Funcs} = file:consult(File),
+    asn1ct_func:start_link(),
+    [asn1ct_func:need(MFA) || MFA <- Funcs],
+    io:format("%% Generated by ~s. DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE.\n"
+	      "%%\n"
+	      "%% Input file: ~s\n\n", [?MODULE,File]),
+    io:format("-module(~s).\n", [filename:rootname(File)]),
+    gen_asn1ct_eval_exp(Funcs),
+    asn1ct_func:generate(group_leader()),
+    halt(0).
+
+gen_asn1ct_eval_exp(Funcs) ->
+    io:put_chars("-export(["),
+    gen_asn1ct_eval_exp_1(Funcs, ""),
+    io:put_chars("]).\n").
+
+gen_asn1ct_eval_exp_1([{_,F,A}|T], Sep) ->
+    io:put_chars(Sep),
+    io:format("~p/~p", [F,A]),
+    gen_asn1ct_eval_exp_1(T, ",\n");
+gen_asn1ct_eval_exp_1([], _) -> ok.
+
+defined([H|T]) ->
+    io:format("assert_defined(~p) -> ok", [H]),
+    case T of
+	[] ->
+	    io:put_chars(".\n");
+	[_|_] ->
+	    io:put_chars(";\n"),
+	    defined(T)
+    end.
+
+dependencies([{K,V}|T]) ->
+    io:format("dependencies(~p) ->\n~p;\n", [K,V]),
+    dependencies(T);
+dependencies([]) ->
+    io:put_chars("dependencies(_) -> [].\n").
+
+abstract(File) ->
+    {ok,{M0,[{abstract_code,Abstract}]}} =
+	beam_lib:chunks(File, [abstract_code]),
+    {raw_abstract_v1,Forms} = Abstract,
+    M = module(M0),
+    [{M,F} || F <- Forms].
+
+module(M0) ->
+    "asn1rtt_" ++ M = atom_to_list(M0),
+    list_to_atom(M).
+
+exports([{M,{attribute,_,export,L}}|T]) ->
+    [{M,F,A} || {F,A} <- L] ++ exports(T);
+exports([_|T]) ->
+    exports(T);
+exports([]) -> [].
+
+calls([{M,{function,_,F,A,Body}}|T]) ->
+    MFA = {M,F,A},
+    case find_calls(Body, M) -- [MFA] of
+	[] ->
+	    calls(T);
+	[_|_]=Calls ->
+	    [{MFA,Callee} || Callee <- Calls] ++ calls(T)
+    end;
+calls([_|T]) ->
+    calls(T);
+calls([]) -> [].
+
+find_calls([{call,_,{atom,_,F},Args}|T], M) ->
+    Calls = find_calls(Args, M) ++ find_calls(T, M),
+    Arity = length(Args),
+    case is_bif(F, Arity) of
+	false ->
+	    [{M,F,Arity}|Calls];
+	true ->
+	    Calls
+    end;
+find_calls([{'fun',_,{function,F,A}}|T], M) ->
+    [{M,F,A}|find_calls(T, M)];
+find_calls([H|T], M) ->
+    find_calls(H, M) ++ find_calls(T, M);
+find_calls(Tuple, M) when is_tuple(Tuple) ->
+    find_calls(tuple_to_list(Tuple), M);
+find_calls(_, _) -> [].
+
+is_bif(F, Arity) ->
+    erl_internal:bif(F, Arity).
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/Makefile b/lib/asn1/test/Makefile
index 1794d6bb71..1fa495d8f1 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/Makefile
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/Makefile
@@ -102,7 +102,6 @@ MODULES= \
 	test_driver_load \
 	testSelectionTypes \
 	test_undecoded_rest \
-	test_inline \
 	testTcapsystem \
 	testNBAPsystem \
 	test_compile_options \
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE.erl b/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE.erl
index 325293f35d..0d09929f6d 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE.erl
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ groups() ->
      {appup_test, [], [{asn1_appup_test, all}]},
 
      {parallel, parallel([]),
-      [{group, ber},
+      [cover,
+       {group, ber},
        % Uses 'P-Record', 'Constraints', 'MEDIA-GATEWAY-CONTROL'...
        {group, [], [parse,
                     test_driver_load,
                     test_undecoded_rest,
-                    test_inline,
                     specialized_decodes,
                     special_decode_performance,
                     testMegaco,
@@ -296,6 +296,28 @@ case_dir([C|Config], Opt) ->
 %% Test cases
 %%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+%% Cover run-time functions that are only called by the ASN.1 compiler
+%% (if any).
+cover(_) ->
+    Wc = filename:join([code:lib_dir(asn1),"ebin","asn1ct_eval_*.beam"]),
+    Beams = filelib:wildcard(Wc),
+    true = Beams =/= [],
+    [begin
+	 M0 = filename:basename(Beam),
+	 M1 = filename:rootname(M0),
+	 M = list_to_atom(M1),
+	 "asn1ct_eval_" ++ Group0 = M1,
+	 Group = list_to_atom(Group0),
+	 io:format("%%\n"
+		   "%% ~s\n"
+		   "%%\n", [M]),
+	 asn1ct_func:start_link(),
+	 [asn1ct_func:need({Group,F,A}) ||
+	     {F,A} <- M:module_info(exports), F =/= module_info],
+	 asn1ct_func:generate(group_leader())
+     end || Beam <- Beams],
+    ok.
+
 testPrim(Config) -> test(Config, fun testPrim/3).
 testPrim(Config, Rule, Opts) ->
     asn1_test_lib:compile_all(["Prim", "Real"], Config, [Rule|Opts]),
@@ -323,11 +345,16 @@ testPrimStrings(Config) -> test(Config, fun testPrimStrings/3).
 testPrimStrings(Config, Rule, Opts) ->
     asn1_test_lib:compile_all(["PrimStrings", "BitStr"], Config, [Rule|Opts]),
     testPrimStrings_cases(Rule),
+    asn1_test_lib:compile_all(["PrimStrings", "BitStr"], Config,
+			      [legacy_bit_string,Rule|Opts]),
+    testPrimStrings:bit_string(Rule),
+    asn1_test_lib:compile_all(["PrimStrings", "BitStr"], Config,
+			      [compact_bit_string,Rule|Opts]),
+    testPrimStrings:bit_string(Rule),
     ?only_ber(testPrimStrings:more_strings(Rule)).
 
 testPrimStrings_cases(Rule) ->
     testPrimStrings:bit_string(Rule),
-    testPrimStrings:bit_string_unnamed(Rule),
     testPrimStrings:octet_string(Rule),
     testPrimStrings:numeric_string(Rule),
     testPrimStrings:other_strings(Rule),
@@ -978,14 +1005,8 @@ testSSLspecs(Config, Rule, Opts) ->
     ok = testSSLspecs:compile(Config,
                               [Rule, compact_bit_string, der|Opts]),
     testSSLspecs:run(Rule),
-
-    case code:which(asn1ct) of
-       cover_compiled ->
-           ok;
-       _ ->
-           ok = testSSLspecs:compile_inline(Config, Rule),
-           ok = testSSLspecs:run_inline(Rule)
-    end.
+    ok = testSSLspecs:compile_combined(Config, Rule),
+    ok = testSSLspecs:run_combined(Rule).
 
 testNortel(Config) -> test(Config, fun testNortel/3).
 testNortel(Config, Rule, Opts) ->
@@ -996,23 +1017,7 @@ test_undecoded_rest(Config, Rule, Opts) ->
     asn1_test_lib:compile("P-Record", Config, [Rule|Opts]),
     ok = test_undecoded_rest:test([], Config),
     asn1_test_lib:compile("P-Record", Config, [Rule,undec_rest|Opts]),
-    case Rule of
-        ber -> ok;
-        _ -> test_undecoded_rest:test(undec_rest, Config)
-    end.
-
-test_inline(Config) ->
-    test(Config, fun test_inline/3, [ber]).
-test_inline(Config, Rule, Opts) ->
-    case code:which(asn1ct) of
-        cover_compiled ->
-            {skip, "Not runnable when cover compiled"};
-        _  ->
-            test_inline:compile(Config, Opts),
-            test_inline:main(Config, Rule),
-            test_inline:inline1(Config, Rule, Opts),
-            test_inline:performance2()
-    end.
+    test_undecoded_rest:test(undec_rest, Config).
 
 testTcapsystem(Config) ->
     test(Config, fun testTcapsystem/3, [ber]).
@@ -1025,17 +1030,12 @@ testNBAPsystem(Config, Rule, Opts) ->
     testNBAPsystem:test(Rule, Config).
 
 test_compile_options(Config) ->
-    case code:which(asn1ct) of
-        cover_compiled ->
-            {skip, "Not runnable when cover compiled"};
-        _  ->
-            ok = test_compile_options:wrong_path(Config),
-            ok = test_compile_options:path(Config),
-            ok = test_compile_options:noobj(Config),
-            ok = test_compile_options:record_name_prefix(Config),
-            ok = test_compile_options:verbose(Config),
-            ok = test_compile_options:warnings_as_errors(Config)
-    end.
+    ok = test_compile_options:wrong_path(Config),
+    ok = test_compile_options:path(Config),
+    ok = test_compile_options:noobj(Config),
+    ok = test_compile_options:record_name_prefix(Config),
+    ok = test_compile_options:verbose(Config),
+    ok = test_compile_options:warnings_as_errors(Config).
 
 testDoubleEllipses(Config) -> test(Config, fun testDoubleEllipses/3).
 testDoubleEllipses(Config, Rule, Opts) ->
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE_data/Prim.asn1 b/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE_data/Prim.asn1
index 1a905988f5..17a5d3490a 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE_data/Prim.asn1
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE_data/Prim.asn1
@@ -29,4 +29,10 @@ BEGIN
 
   Null ::= NULL
 
+  -- Test that REAL numbers can co-exist with other data types.
+  App-X-Real ::= REAL (WITH COMPONENTS {
+                        mantissa (-16777215..16777215),
+			base (2),
+			exponent (-125..128) } )
+
 END
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE_data/PrimStrings.asn1 b/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE_data/PrimStrings.asn1
index 9b6b34a776..cfaf4cf034 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE_data/PrimStrings.asn1
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE_data/PrimStrings.asn1
@@ -87,14 +87,17 @@ BS1024 ::= BIT STRING (SIZE (1024))
   NsExpCon ::= [71] EXPLICIT NumericString
 
   Ps ::= PrintableString
+  Ps11 ::= PrintableString (FROM ("0123456789*"))
 
   Ts ::= TeletexString
 
   Vxs ::= VideotexString
 
   Vis ::= VisibleString
+  Vis8 ::= VisibleString (FROM ("01234567"))
 
   IA5 ::= IA5String
+  IA5Visible ::= IA5String (FROM (" ".."~"))
 
   Grs ::= GraphicString
   
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE_data/extensionAdditionGroup.erl b/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE_data/extensionAdditionGroup.erl
index 8148381d92..1aec3e1fab 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE_data/extensionAdditionGroup.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/asn1_SUITE_data/extensionAdditionGroup.erl
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ run3() ->
     Barring = #'AC-BarringConfig'{
                  'ac-BarringFactor' = p00,
                  'ac-BarringTime' = s4,
-                 'ac-BarringForSpecialAC' = [0,0,0,0,0]},
+                 'ac-BarringForSpecialAC' = <<0:5>>},
     roundtrip(SI),
     roundtrip(SI#'SystemInformationBlockType2'{
 		'ssac-BarringForMMTEL-Voice-r9'=Barring}),
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/asn1_app_test.erl b/lib/asn1/test/asn1_app_test.erl
index 9dbe1b50e0..1225e36778 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/asn1_app_test.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/asn1_app_test.erl
@@ -139,7 +139,8 @@ check_asn1ct_modules(Extra) ->
 		  asn1ct_gen_ber,asn1ct_constructed_ber_bin_v2,
 		  asn1ct_gen_ber_bin_v2,asn1ct_value,
 		  asn1ct_tok,asn1ct_parser2,asn1ct_table,
-		  asn1ct_imm],
+		  asn1ct_imm,asn1ct_func,asn1ct_rtt,
+		  asn1ct_eval_ext,asn1ct_eval_per,asn1ct_eval_uper],
     case Extra -- ASN1CTMods of
 	[] ->
 	    ok;
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/asn1_test_lib.erl b/lib/asn1/test/asn1_test_lib.erl
index fda635d0eb..1e40fd7b9e 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/asn1_test_lib.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/asn1_test_lib.erl
@@ -61,15 +61,12 @@ compile_erlang(Mod, Config, Options) ->
                            [{i, CaseDir}, {outdir, CaseDir}|Options]).
 
 should_load(File, Options) ->
-    should_load(File, lists:member(abs, Options),
-                proplists:lookup(inline, Options)).
-
-should_load(_File, true, _Inline) ->
-    false;
-should_load(_File, _Abs, {inline, Module}) when Module /= true ->
-    {module, Module};
-should_load(File, _Abs, _Inline) ->
-    {module, list_to_atom(strip_extension(filename:basename(File)))}.
+    case lists:member(abs, Options) of
+	true ->
+	    false;
+	false ->
+	    {module,list_to_atom(strip_extension(filename:basename(File)))}
+    end.
 
 strip_extension(File) ->
     strip_extension(File, filename:extension(File)).
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/ber_decode_error.erl b/lib/asn1/test/ber_decode_error.erl
index ff6e386a88..af0105bf26 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/ber_decode_error.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/ber_decode_error.erl
@@ -21,31 +21,34 @@
 
 -export([run/1]).
 
--include_lib("test_server/include/test_server.hrl").
-
 run([]) ->
-    ?line {ok,B}  = asn1_wrapper:encode('Constructed','S3',{'S3',17}),
-    ?line [T,L|V] = lists:flatten(B),
-    ?line Bytes = [T,L+3|V] ++ [2,1,3],
-    ?line case asn1_wrapper:decode('Constructed','S3',Bytes) of
-	      {error,{asn1,{unexpected,_}}} -> ok
-	  end,
-    %% Unexpected bytes must be accepted if there is an extensionmark
-    ?line {ok,{'S3ext',17}} = asn1_wrapper:decode('Constructed','S3ext',Bytes),
-    ok; 
-run([driver]) ->
-    %% test of OTP-4797, bad indata to driver does not cause an EXIT
-    ?line {error,_Reason} = asn1rt:decode('Constructed','S3',[3,5]),
-    ok;
-run([nif]) ->
-    %% test of OTP-4797, bad indata to driver does not cause an EXIT
-    ?line {error,_Reason} = asn1rt:decode('Constructed','S3',[3,5]),
-    ok.
-
+    {ok,B}  = asn1_wrapper:encode('Constructed','S3',{'S3',17}),
+    [T,L|V] = lists:flatten(B),
+    Bytes = [T,L+3|V] ++ [2,1,3],
+    case asn1_wrapper:decode('Constructed','S3',Bytes) of
+	{error,{asn1,{unexpected,_}}} -> ok
+    end,
 
+    %% Unexpected bytes must be accepted if there is an extensionmark
+    {ok,{'S3ext',17}} = asn1_wrapper:decode('Constructed','S3ext',Bytes),
 
+    %% Truncated tag.
+    {error,{asn1,{invalid_tag,_}}} =
+	(catch 'Constructed':decode('I', <<31,255,255>>)),
 
+    %% Overlong tag.
+    {error,{asn1,{invalid_tag,_}}} =
+	(catch 'Constructed':decode('I', <<31,255,255,255,127>>)),
 
+    %% Invalid length.
+    {error,{asn1,{invalid_length,_}}} =
+	(catch 'Constructed':decode('I', <<8,255>>)),
 
+    %% Other errors.
+    {error,{asn1,{invalid_value,_}}} =
+	(catch 'Constructed':decode('I', <<>>)),
 
+    {error,{asn1,{invalid_value,_}}} =
+	(catch 'Constructed':decode('I', <<8,7>>)),
 
+    ok.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/testContextSwitchingTypes.erl b/lib/asn1/test/testContextSwitchingTypes.erl
index 4f67942922..f06cc7c117 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/testContextSwitchingTypes.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/testContextSwitchingTypes.erl
@@ -52,22 +52,36 @@ test(Config) ->
 
 
 check_EXTERNAL({'EXTERNAL',Identif,DVD,DV})->
-    ?line ok=check_EXTERNAL_Idef(Identif),
-    ?line ok = check_EXTERNAL_DVD(DVD),
-    ?line ok = check_EXTERNAL_DV(DV).
-check_EXTERNAL_Idef({Alt,_}) when Alt=='context-negotiation';
-				  Alt=='presentation-context-id';
-				  Alt==syntax ->
-    ok;
-check_EXTERNAL_Idef(I) ->
-    {error,"failed on identification alternative",I}.
-check_EXTERNAL_DVD(DVD) when is_list(DVD) ->
-    ok;
-check_EXTERNAL_DVD(asn1_NOVALUE) ->
-    ok;
-check_EXTERNAL_DVD(DVD) ->
-    {error,"failed on data-value-descriptor alternative",DVD}.
-check_EXTERNAL_DV(DV) when is_list(DV);is_binary(DV) ->
-    ok;
-check_EXTERNAL_DV(DV) ->
-    {error,"failed on data-value alternative",DV}.
+    %% EXTERNAL in the 1994 format.
+    case Identif of
+	{'context-negotiation',_} ->
+	    ok;
+	{'presentation-context-id',Id} ->
+	    true = is_integer(Id);
+	{syntax,ObjId} ->
+	    check_object_identifier(ObjId)
+    end,
+    check_EXTERNAL_DVD(DVD),
+    check_EXTERNAL_DV(DV);
+check_EXTERNAL({'EXTERNAL',ObjId,IndirectRef,Descriptor,Enc})->
+    %% EXTERNAL in the 1990 format.
+    check_object_identifier(ObjId),
+    true = is_integer(IndirectRef),
+    true = is_binary(Descriptor) orelse is_list(Descriptor),
+    case Enc of
+	{arbitrary,_} -> ok;
+	{'single-ASN1-type',_} -> ok;
+	{'octet-aligned',_} -> ok
+    end.
+
+check_EXTERNAL_DVD(DVD) when is_list(DVD) -> ok;
+check_EXTERNAL_DVD(asn1_NOVALUE) -> ok.
+
+check_EXTERNAL_DV(DV) when is_list(DV); is_binary(DV) -> ok.
+
+check_object_identifier(Tuple) when is_tuple(Tuple) ->
+    %% An OBJECT IDENTIFIER is a tuple with integer elements.
+    case [E || E <- tuple_to_list(Tuple),
+	       not is_integer(E)] of
+	[] -> ok
+    end.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/testDoubleEllipses.erl b/lib/asn1/test/testDoubleEllipses.erl
index 9030a99ce2..72ff693667 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/testDoubleEllipses.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/testDoubleEllipses.erl
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ main(_Rules) ->
 				      b = [1,0,1,0], e = true,
 				      c = false, f = 14, g = 16}),
     ?line {ok,#'SeqAltV2'{a = 10, d = 12, 
-			  b = [1,0,1,0], e = true,
+			  b = <<2#1010:4>>, e = true,
 			  h = asn1_NOVALUE, i = asn1_NOVALUE,
 			  c = false, f = 14, g = 16}} =
 	asn1_wrapper:decode('DoubleEllipses','SeqAltV2',Bytes3),
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ main(_Rules) ->
 				      h = "PS", i = 13,
 				      c = false, f = 14, g = 16}),
      ?line {ok,#'SeqAlt'{a = 10, d = 12, 
-			 b = [1,0,1,0], e = true,
+			 b = <<2#1010:4>>, e = true,
 			 c = false, f = 14, g = 16}} =
 	asn1_wrapper:decode('DoubleEllipses','SeqAlt',Bytes4),
     
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ main(_Rules) ->
 				      b = [1,0,1,0], e = true,
 				      c = false, f = 14, g = 16}),
     ?line {ok,#'SetAltV2'{a = 10, d = 12, 
-			  b = [1,0,1,0], e = true,
+			  b = <<2#1010:4>>, e = true,
 			  h = asn1_NOVALUE, i = asn1_NOVALUE,
 			  c = false, f = 14, g = 16}} =
 	asn1_wrapper:decode('DoubleEllipses','SetAltV2',Bytes7),
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ main(_Rules) ->
 				      h = "PS", i = 13,
 				      c = false, f = 14, g = 16}),
      ?line {ok,#'SetAlt'{a = 10, d = 12, 
-			 b = [1,0,1,0], e = true,
+			 b = <<2#1010:4>>, e = true,
 			 c = false, f = 14, g = 16}} =
 	asn1_wrapper:decode('DoubleEllipses','SetAlt',Bytes8),
     ok.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/testNBAPsystem.erl b/lib/asn1/test/testNBAPsystem.erl
index 4e8381e51e..3e7dfb0522 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/testNBAPsystem.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/testNBAPsystem.erl
@@ -142,8 +142,7 @@ audit_req() ->
 	   protocolIEs = 
 	   [#'ProtocolIE-Field'{id=114,
 				criticality=ignore, 
-				value={'Start-Of-Audit-Sequence-Indicator',
-				       'start-of-audit-sequence' } 
+				value='start-of-audit-sequence'
 			       }
 	   ]  
 	  }.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/testParamBasic.erl b/lib/asn1/test/testParamBasic.erl
index b5780195b8..e5e2de804c 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/testParamBasic.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/testParamBasic.erl
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ main(Rules) ->
     ?line {ok,Bytes12} = 
 	asn1_wrapper:encode('ParamBasic','T12',
 			    #'T12'{number = 11,
-				   string = [1,0,1,0,1]}),
-    ?line {ok,{'T12',11,[1,0,1,0,1]}} =
+				   string = <<2#10101:5>>}),
+    {ok,{'T12',11,<<2#10101:5>>}} =
 	asn1_wrapper:decode('ParamBasic','T12',Bytes12),
     
     ?line {ok,Bytes13} = 
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ main(Rules) ->
     ?line {ok,Bytes14} = 
 	asn1_wrapper:encode('ParamBasic','T22',
 			    #'T22'{number = 11,
-				   string = [1,0,1,0,1]}),
-    ?line {ok,{'T22',11,[1,0,1,0,1]}} =
+				   string = <<2#10101:5>>}),
+    {ok,{'T22',11,<<2#10101:5>>}} =
 	asn1_wrapper:decode('ParamBasic','T22',Bytes14),
 
     case Rules of
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/testPrimStrings.erl b/lib/asn1/test/testPrimStrings.erl
index 263d9e5ed2..935e730ca1 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/testPrimStrings.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/testPrimStrings.erl
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 -module(testPrimStrings).
 
 -export([bit_string/1]).
--export([bit_string_unnamed/1]).
 -export([octet_string/1]).
 -export([numeric_string/1]).
 -export([other_strings/1]).
@@ -37,93 +36,35 @@ bit_string(Rules) ->
     %%==========================================================
     %% Bs1 ::= BIT STRING
     %%==========================================================
+
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs1', 0, <<>>),
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs1', 4, <<1:3>>),
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs1', 15, <<15:4>>),
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs1', 255, <<255:8>>),
+
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs1', 256, [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1]),
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs1', 257, [1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1]),
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs1', 444, [0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1]),
     
-    ?line {ok,Bytes1} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',0),
-    ?line {ok,[]} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes1)),
-    
-    ?line {ok,Bytes2} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',4),
-    ?line {ok,[0,0,1]} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes2)),
-    
-    ?line {ok,Bytes3} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',15),
-    ?line {ok,[1,1,1,1]} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes3)),
-    
-    ?line {ok,Bytes4} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',255),
-    ?line {ok,[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes4)),
-    
-    ?line {ok,Bytes5} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',256),
-    ?line {ok,[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1]} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes5)),
-    
-    ?line {ok,Bytes6} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',257),
-    ?line {ok,[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1]} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes6)),
-    
-    ?line {ok,Bytes7} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',444),
-    ?line {ok,[0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1]} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes7)),
-    
-    ?line {ok,Bytes8} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',12345678901234567890),
-    ?line {ok,_} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes8)),
-    
-%% Removed due to beam cannot handle this big integers    
-%%    Bs1_1 = 123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890,
-%%    ?line {ok,Bytes9} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',Bs1_1),
-%%    ?line {ok,_} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes9)),
-    
-%%    Bs1_2 = 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890,
-%%    ?line {ok,Bytes10} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',Bs1_2),
-%%    ?line {ok,_} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes10)),
-    
-    ?line {ok,Bytes11} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]),
-    ?line {ok,[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes11)),
-    
-    ?line case asn1_wrapper:erule(Rules) of
-	      ber -> 
-		  ?line {ok,Bytes12} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',[0,1,0,0,1,0]),
-		  ?line {ok,[0,1,0,0,1,0]} = 
-		      asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes12)),
-		  
-		  ?line {ok,Bytes13} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]),
-		  ?line {ok,[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]} = 
-		      asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes13)),
-		  ok;
-	      per ->
-		  ?line {ok,Bytes12} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',[0,1,0,0,1,0]),
-		  ?line {ok,[0,1,0,0,1,0]} = 
-		      asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes12)),
-		  
-		  ?line {ok,Bytes13} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]),
-		  ?line {ok,[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]} = 
-		      asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes13)),
-		  ok
-	  end,
-    
-    ?line {ok,Bytes14} = 
-	asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs1',[0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]),
-    ?line {ok,[0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]} = 
-	asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes14)),
-    
-    
-    ?line case asn1_wrapper:erule(Rules) of
-	      ber -> 
-		  ?line Bytes15 = [35,8,3,2,0,73,3,2,4,32],
-		  ?line {ok,[0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0]} = 
-		      asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes15)),
-		  
-		  ?line Bytes16 = [35,9,3,2,0,234,3,3,7,156,0],
-		  ?line {ok,[1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0]} = 
-		      asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes16)),
-		  
-		  ?line Bytes17 = [35,128,3,2,0,73,3,2,4,32,0,0],
-		  ?line {ok,[0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0]} = 
-		      asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes17)),
-		  
-		  ?line Bytes18 = [35,128,3,2,0,234,3,3,7,156,0,0,0],
-		  ?line {ok,[1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0]} = 
-		      asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs1',lists:flatten(Bytes18)),
-		  ok;
-	      
-	      per ->
-		  ok
-	  end,
+    {ok,Enc1} = 'PrimStrings':encode('Bs1', 12345678901234567890),
+    {ok,_} = 'PrimStrings':decode('Bs1', Enc1),
+
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs1', [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]),
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs1', [0,1,0,0,1,0]),
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs1', [1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]),
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs1', [0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]),
     
+    case asn1_wrapper:erule(Rules) of
+	ber ->
+	    bs_decode('Bs1', <<35,8,3,2,0,73,3,2,4,32>>,
+		      [0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0]),
+	    bs_decode('Bs1', <<35,9,3,2,0,234,3,3,7,156,0>>,
+		      [1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0]),
+	    bs_decode('Bs1', <<35,128,3,2,0,234,3,3,7,156,0,0,0>>,
+		      [1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0]);
+	per ->
+	    ok
+    end,
 
     
     %%==========================================================
@@ -156,77 +97,55 @@ bit_string(Rules) ->
     %% Bs3 ::= BIT STRING {su(0), mo(1), tu(2), we(3), th(4), fr(5), sa(6) } (SIZE (1..7))
     %%==========================================================
     
-    ?line {ok,Bytes31} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs3',[mo,tu,fr]),
-    ?line {ok,[mo,tu,fr]} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs3',lists:flatten(Bytes31)),
-    
-    ?line {ok,Bytes32} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs3',[0,1,1,0,0,1,0]),
-    ?line {ok,[mo,tu,fr]} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs3',lists:flatten(Bytes32)),
-    
+    roundtrip('Bs3', [mo,tu,fr]),
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs3', [0,1,1,0,0,1,0], [mo,tu,fr]),
     
     %%==========================================================
     %% Bs7 ::= BIT STRING (SIZE (24))
     %%==========================================================
 
-    ?line {ok,Bytes33} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs7',53245),
-    ?line {ok,[1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]} =
-	asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs7',Bytes33),
-
-    ?line {ok,Bytes34} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','Bs7',[1,0,1,0]),
-    ?line {ok,[1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]} =
-	asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','Bs7',Bytes34),
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs7', 53245,
+		 [1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]),
+    bs_roundtrip('Bs7', [1,0,1,0],
+		 [1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]),
     
     %%==========================================================
     %% BsPri ::= [PRIVATE 61] BIT STRING
     %%==========================================================
     
-    ?line {ok,Bytes41} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','BsPri',45),
-    ?line {ok,[1,0,1,1,0,1]} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','BsPri',lists:flatten(Bytes41)),
+    bs_roundtrip('BsPri', 45, [1,0,1,1,0,1]),
     
-    ?line {ok,Bytes42} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','BsPri',211),
-    ?line {ok,[1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1]} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','BsPri',lists:flatten(Bytes42)),
-    
-    ?line case asn1_wrapper:erule(Rules) of
-	      ber -> 
-		  ?line {ok,[0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]} = 
-		      asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','BsPri',[223,61,4,5,75,226,96]),
-		  
-		  ?line {ok,[0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]} = 
-		      asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','BsPri',[255,61,128,3,4,5,75,226,96,0,0]),
-		  
-		  ?line {ok,[0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]} = 
-		      asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','BsPri',[255,61,9,3,2,0,75,3,3,5,226,96]),
-		  
-		  ?line {ok,[0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]} = 
-		      asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','BsPri',[255,61,128,3,2,0,75,3,3,5,226,96,0,0]),
-		  ok;
-	      
-	      per ->
-		  ok
-	  end,
+    bs_roundtrip('BsPri', 211, [1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1]),
     
+    case asn1_wrapper:erule(Rules) of
+	ber ->
+	    bs_decode('BsPri', <<223,61,4,5,75,226,96>>,
+		      [0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]),
+	    bs_decode('BsPri', <<255,61,128,3,4,5,75,226,96,0,0>>,
+		      [0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]),
+	    bs_decode('BsPri', <<255,61,9,3,2,0,75,3,3,5,226,96>>,
+		      [0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]),
+	    bs_decode('BsPri', <<255,61,128,3,2,0,75,3,3,5,226,96,0,0>>,
+		      [0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]);
+	per ->
+	    ok
+    end,
     
     
     %%==========================================================
     %% BsExpPri ::= [PRIVATE 61] EXPLICIT BIT STRING
     %%==========================================================
     
-    ?line {ok,Bytes51} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','BsExpPri',45),
-    ?line {ok,[1,0,1,1,0,1]} = 
-	asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','BsExpPri',lists:flatten(Bytes51)),
-    
-    ?line {ok,Bytes52} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','BsExpPri',211),
-    ?line {ok,[1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1]} = 
-	asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','BsExpPri',lists:flatten(Bytes52)),
+    bs_roundtrip('BsExpPri', 45, [1,0,1,1,0,1]),
+    bs_roundtrip('BsExpPri', 211, [1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1]),
     
-    ?line case asn1_wrapper:erule(Rules) of
-	      ber -> 
-		  ?line {ok,[0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]} = 
-		      asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','BsExpPri',[255,61,6,3,4,5,75,226,96]),
-		  ok;
-	      
-	      per ->
-		  ok
-	  end,
+    case asn1_wrapper:erule(Rules) of
+	ber ->
+	    bs_decode('BsExpPri', <<255,61,6,3,4,5,75,226,96>>,
+		      [0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1]);
+	per ->
+	    ok
+    end,
     
     %%==========================================================
     %% TestS ::= BIT STRING {a(0),b(1)} (SIZE (3..8)), test case for OTP-4353
@@ -248,14 +167,10 @@ bit_string(Rules) ->
     %% BS5932 ::= BIT STRING (SIZE (5..MAX))
     %% test case for OTP-5932
     %%==========================================================
+    bs_roundtrip('BSMAX', [1,0,1,0,1]),
     case asn1_wrapper:erule(Rules) of
 	ber ->
-	    ?line {error,_} = asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','BSMAX',
-						  [1,0,1]),
-	    ?line {ok,Bytes55} = 
-		asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','BSMAX',[1,0,1,0,1]),
-	    ?line {ok,[1,0,1,0,1]} = 
-		asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','BSMAX',Bytes55);
+	    {error,_} = 'PrimStrings':encode('BSMAX', [1,0,1]);
 	_ ->
 	    ok
     end,
@@ -274,47 +189,13 @@ bit_string(Rules) ->
 	end,
     
     BSList255 = BSmaker(BSmaker,0,255,{1,0},[]),
+    bs_roundtrip('BS255', BSList255),
     BSList256 = BSmaker(BSmaker,0,256,{1,0},[]),
+    bs_roundtrip('BS256', BSList256),
     BSList1024 = BSmaker(BSmaker,0,1024,{1,0},[]),
-    ?line {ok,Bytes56} = 
-	asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','BS255',BSList255),
-    ?line {ok,BSList255} = 
-	asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','BS255',Bytes56),
-    ?line {ok,Bytes57} = 
-	asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','BS256',BSList256),
-    ?line {ok,BSList256} = 
-	asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','BS256',Bytes57),
-    ?line {ok,Bytes58} = 
-	asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','BS1024',BSList1024),
-    ?line {ok,BSList1024} = 
-	asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','BS1024',Bytes58).
-    
-	    
-
-bit_string_unnamed(Rules) ->
-    case asn1_wrapper:erule(Rules) of
-	ber ->
-	    ok;
-	per ->
-	    ?line {ok,Bytes1} = 
-		case catch asn1_wrapper:encode('PrimStrings','TransportLayerAddress',[0,1,1,0]) of
-		    Ret = {ok,_} -> Ret;
-		    Err ->
-			Config = file:consult(test_config),
-			?line OutDir = ?config(priv_dir,Config),
-			MyOut = "/home/bertil/daily_build",
-			file:copy(filename:join([OutDir,"PrimStrings.erl"]),
-				  filename:join([MyOut,"PrimStrings.erl"])),
-			file:copy(filename:join([OutDir,"PrimStrings.beam"]),
-				  filename:join([MyOut,"PrimStrings.beam"])),
-			file:copy(code:which(asn1rt_per_v1),
-				  filename:join([MyOut,"asn1rt_per_v1.beam"])),
-			file:copy(filename:join([code:lib_dir(asn1),src,"asn1rt_per_v1.erl"]),filename:join([MyOut,"asn1rt_per_v1.erl"])),
-			io:format("Err: ~p~n",[Err]),
-			Err
-		end,
-	    ?line {ok,[0,1,1,0]} = asn1_wrapper:decode('PrimStrings','TransportLayerAddress',lists:flatten(Bytes1))
-    end.
+    bs_roundtrip('BS1024', BSList1024),
+
+    bs_roundtrip('TransportLayerAddress', [0,1,1,0]).
 
 octet_string(Rules) ->
 
@@ -534,7 +415,7 @@ other_strings(_Rules) ->
 
     roundtrip('Ps', [47,23,99,75,47]),
     roundtrip('Ps', []),
-    
+    roundtrip('Ps11', "*0123456789*"),
 		       
     %%==========================================================
     %% Vis ::= VisibleString
@@ -542,7 +423,8 @@ other_strings(_Rules) ->
 
     roundtrip('Vis', [47,23,99,75,47]),
     roundtrip('Vis', []),
-
+    roundtrip('Vis8', "7654321001234567"),
+    roundtrip('Vis8', []),
 		       
     %%==========================================================
     %% IA5 ::= IA5String
@@ -553,6 +435,9 @@ other_strings(_Rules) ->
 
     IA5_1 = "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890",
     roundtrip('IA5', IA5_1),
+
+    roundtrip('IA5Visible', lists:seq($\s, $~)),
+
     ok.
 
 
@@ -828,3 +713,39 @@ roundtrip(Type, Value) ->
     {ok,Encoded} = 'PrimStrings':encode(Type, Value),
     {ok,Value} = 'PrimStrings':decode(Type, Encoded),
     ok.
+
+bs_roundtrip(Type, Value) ->
+    bs_roundtrip(Type, Value, Value).
+
+bs_roundtrip(Type, Value, Expected) ->
+    M = 'PrimStrings',
+    {ok,Encoded} = M:encode(Type, Value),
+    case M:decode(Type, Encoded) of
+	{ok,Expected} ->
+	    ok;
+	{ok,Other} ->
+	    Expected = convert(Other, Expected)
+    end.
+
+bs_decode(Type, Encoded, Expected) ->
+    M = 'PrimStrings',
+    case M:decode(Type, Encoded) of
+	{ok,Expected} ->
+	    ok;
+	{ok,Other} ->
+	    Expected = convert(Other, Expected)
+    end.
+
+convert(Val, E) when is_bitstring(Val) ->
+    convert_1(Val, E);
+convert({Unused,Bin}, E) ->
+    Sz = bit_size(Bin) - Unused,
+    <<Val:Sz/bitstring,_:Unused>> = Bin,
+    convert_1(Val, E);
+convert(List, E) when is_list(List) ->
+    Val = << <<B:1>> || B <- List >>,
+    convert_1(Val, E).
+
+convert_1(Val, E) when is_list(E) ->
+    [B || <<B:1>> <= Val];
+convert_1(Val, E) when is_bitstring(E) -> Val.
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/testSSLspecs.erl b/lib/asn1/test/testSSLspecs.erl
index 45c5da50f0..08da92243e 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/testSSLspecs.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/testSSLspecs.erl
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 -module(testSSLspecs).
 
--export([compile/2,run/1,compile_inline/2,run_inline/1]).
+-export([compile/2,run/1,compile_combined/2,run_combined/1]).
 
 -include_lib("test_server/include/test_server.hrl").
 
@@ -42,15 +42,13 @@ compile(Config, Options) ->
     asn1_test_lib:compile_all(["PKIX1Explicit93", "PKIX1Implicit93"],
                               Config, NewOptions).
 
-compile_inline(Config, ber=Rule) ->
+compile_combined(Config, ber=Rule) ->
     DataDir = ?config(data_dir, Config),
     CaseDir = ?config(case_dir, Config),
     Options = [{i, CaseDir}, {i, DataDir}, Rule,
-               der, compact_bit_string, asn1config, inline],
-    ok = remove_db_file_inline(CaseDir),
-    asn1_test_lib:compile("OTP-PKIX.set.asn", Config, Options);
-compile_inline(_Config, _Rule) ->
-    ok.
+               der, compact_bit_string, asn1config],
+    ok = remove_db_files_combined(CaseDir),
+    asn1_test_lib:compile("OTP-PKIX.set.asn", Config, Options).
 
 remove_db_files(Dir) ->
     ?line ok = remove_db_file(Dir ++ "PKIX1Explicit93.asn1db"),
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ remove_db_file(File) ->
 	    Err
     end.
 
-remove_db_file_inline(Dir) ->
+remove_db_files_combined(Dir) ->
     ?line ok = remove_db_file(Dir ++ "OTP-PKIX.asn1db"),
     ?line ok = remove_db_file(Dir ++ "SSL-PKIX.asn1db"),
     ?line ok = remove_db_file(Dir ++ "PKIXAttributeCertificate.asn1db"),
@@ -74,14 +72,11 @@ remove_db_file_inline(Dir) ->
     ?line ok = remove_db_file(Dir ++ "PKIX1Implicit88.asn1db").
 
 run(ber) ->
-    run1(1);
-run(_) ->
-    ok.
+    run1(1).
 
 run1(6) ->
     ?line f1(6),
     ?line f2(6),
-%%    ?line transform3(ex(7)),
     ?line transform4(ex(7));
 run1(N) ->
     ?line f1(N),
@@ -146,12 +141,10 @@ ex(7) ->
      {1,2,840,113549,1,9,1},
      [[19,5,111,116,112,67,65]]}.
 
-run_inline(ber) ->
+run_combined(ber) ->
     Cert = cert(),
     ?line {ok,{'CertificatePKIX1Explicit88',{Type,UnDec},_,_}} = 'OTP-PKIX':decode_TBSCert_exclusive(Cert),
     ?line {ok,_} = 'OTP-PKIX':decode_part(Type,UnDec),
-    ok;
-run_inline(_) ->
     ok.
 
 cert() ->
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/testSeqSetDefaultVal.erl b/lib/asn1/test/testSeqSetDefaultVal.erl
index ab484db5f2..6e680feafa 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/testSeqSetDefaultVal.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/testSeqSetDefaultVal.erl
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ main(_Rules) ->
 				     c={5,<<64>>},
 				     d=0}),
 
-    ?line {ok,{'SeqBS',[1,0,1,0,1,1,0],2698,[second],[]}} =
+    {ok,{'SeqBS',[1,0,1,0,1,1,0],2698,[second],<<>>}} =
 	asn1_wrapper:decode('Default','SeqBS',[48,3,131,1,0]),
 
     ?line {ok,{'SeqBS',[1,0,1,0,1,1,0],2698,[second],[1,0,0,1]}} =
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ main(_Rules) ->
 				     c={5,<<64>>},
 				     d=0}),
 
-    ?line {ok,{'SetBS',[1,0,1,0,1,1,0],2698,[second],[]}} =
+    {ok,{'SetBS',[1,0,1,0,1,1,0],2698,[second],<<>>}} =
 	asn1_wrapper:decode('Default','SetBS',[49,3,131,1,0]),
 
     ?line {ok,{'SetBS',[1,0,1,0,1,1,0],2698,[second],[1,0,0,1]}} =
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/testTypeValueNotation.erl b/lib/asn1/test/testTypeValueNotation.erl
index 59f7385f08..d21b054e8d 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/testTypeValueNotation.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/testTypeValueNotation.erl
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ main(_Rule, _Option) ->
                     int = 12,
                     bool = true,
                     enum = a,
-                    bitstr = [1, 0, 1, 0],
+                    bitstr = <<2#1010:4>>,
                     null = 'NULL',
                     oid = {1, 2, 55},
                     vstr = "Hello World"},
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/test_compile_options.erl b/lib/asn1/test/test_compile_options.erl
index b973c5fbcc..179299c78d 100644
--- a/lib/asn1/test/test_compile_options.erl
+++ b/lib/asn1/test/test_compile_options.erl
@@ -51,14 +51,13 @@ path(Config) ->
     {ok,CWD} = file:get_cwd(),
     ?line file:set_cwd(filename:join([DataDir,subdir])),
 
-    %%?line ok=asn1ct:compile(filename:join([DataDir,"../MyMerge.set.asn"]),[{inline,mymerge},{outdir,OutDir}]),
-    ?line ok=asn1ct:compile("../MyMerge.set.asn",[{inline,mymerge},{outdir,OutDir}]),
+    ok = asn1ct:compile("../MyMerge.set.asn",[{outdir,OutDir}]),
 
     ?line ok=outfiles_check(OutDir),
     ?line outfiles_remove(OutDir),
 
     file:set_cwd(filename:join([DataDir,subdir,subsubdir])),
-    ?line ok = asn1ct:compile('../../MyMerge.set.asn',[{inline,mymerge},{i,'..'},{outdir,OutDir}]),
+    ok = asn1ct:compile('../../MyMerge.set.asn',[{i,'..'},{outdir,OutDir}]),
 
     ?line ok=outfiles_check(OutDir,outfiles2()),
     file:set_cwd(CWD),
@@ -182,11 +181,10 @@ outfiles_check(OutDir,[H|T]) ->
     outfiles_check(OutDir,T).
 
 outfiles1() ->
-    ["mymerge.erl","mymerge.beam","MyMerge.asn1db","MyMerge.beam",
+    ["MyMerge.asn1db","MyMerge.beam",
      "MyMerge.erl","MyMerge.hrl"].
 outfiles2() ->
-    ["MyMerge.beam","mymerge.erl","MyMerge.asn1db","MyMerge.erl",
-     "mymerge.beam"].
+    ["MyMerge.beam","MyMerge.asn1db","MyMerge.erl"].
 
 outfiles_remove(OutDir) ->
     lists:foreach(fun(F)-> file:delete(filename:join([OutDir,F])) end,
diff --git a/lib/asn1/test/test_inline.erl b/lib/asn1/test/test_inline.erl
deleted file mode 100644
index e03ad739f9..0000000000
--- a/lib/asn1/test/test_inline.erl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,270 +0,0 @@
-%%
-%% %CopyrightBegin%
-%%
-%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2004-2012. All Rights Reserved.
-%%
-%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
-%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
-%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
-%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
-%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
-%%
-%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
-%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
-%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
-%% under the License.
-%%
-%% %CopyrightEnd%
-%%
-%%
--module(test_inline).
-
--export([compile/2,main/2,inline1/3,performance/1,performance2/0]).
--export([mvrasn_inlined_encdec/2,mvrasn_encdec/2,
-	 mi_encdec/2,m_encdec/2]).
-
--include_lib("test_server/include/test_server.hrl").
--define(times, 5000).
--define(times2, 50000).
-
-compile(Config, Options) ->
-    CaseDir = ?config(case_dir, Config),
-    asn1_test_lib:compile("Mvrasn.set.asn", Config, [{inline, mvrasn_inlined}|Options]),
-    asn1_test_lib:compile("Mod.set.asn", Config, [{inline, m}|Options]),
-    ok = remove_inlined_files(CaseDir, [filename:join([CaseDir, X])||X<-["m.erl", "m.beam"]]),
-    asn1_test_lib:compile("Mod.set.asn", Config, [inline|Options]),
-    ok = remove_inlined_files(CaseDir, []).
-
-inline1(Config, Rule, Opt) ->
-    CaseDir = ?config(case_dir, Config),
-
-    asn1_test_lib:compile("P-Record", Config, [{inline, 'inlined_P_Record'}|Opt]),
-    test_inline1(),
-
-    ok=remove_inlined_files2(CaseDir, ber),
-
-    case Rule of
-        ber ->
-            asn1_test_lib:compile("P-Record", Config,
-                                  [ber, inline, asn1config|Opt]),
-            test_inline2(Rule, 'P-Record'),
-            remove_inlined_files3(CaseDir, Rule),
-            asn1_test_lib:compile("p_record.set.asn", Config,
-                                  [ber, inline, asn1config|Opt]),
-            test_inline2(Rule, 'p_record'),
-            remove_inlined_files4(CaseDir, Rule);
-        _ ->
-            ok
-    end.
-
-main(Config, _Erule) ->
-    Val = val(Config),
-    ?line {ok,Bytes}=asn1_wrapper:encode(mvrasn_inlined,'InsertSubscriberDataArg',Val),
-    ?line {ok,_Val2}=asn1_wrapper:decode(mvrasn_inlined,'InsertSubscriberDataArg',Bytes).
-
-test_inline1() ->
-     PRecMsg = {'PersonnelRecord',{'Name',"Sven","S","Svensson"},
-	       "manager",123,"20000202",{'Name',"Inga","K","Svensson"},
-		asn1_DEFAULT},
-    ?line {ok,Bytes}=asn1_wrapper:encode('inlined_P_Record','PersonnelRecord',
-				   PRecMsg),
-    ?line {ok,_}=asn1_wrapper:decode('inlined_P_Record',
-				     'PersonnelRecord',Bytes).
-
-test_inline2(ber,Mod) ->
-    PRecMsg = {'PersonnelRecord',{'Name',"Sven","S","Svensson"},
-	       "manager",123,"20000202",{'Name',"Inga","K","Svensson"},
-	       asn1_DEFAULT},
-    ?line {ok,Bytes} = Mod:encode('PersonnelRecord',PRecMsg),
-    {ok,_} = Mod:sel_dec(Bytes);
-test_inline2(_,_) ->
-    ok.
-
-val(Config) ->
-    {ok,Val} = asn1ct:value('Mvrasn','InsertSubscriberDataArg',
-                            [{i, ?config(case_dir, Config)}]),
-    Val.
-
-performance(Config) ->
-    Val = val(Config),
-    %% warm up
-    timer:tc(?MODULE,mvrasn_inlined_encdec,[2,Val]),
-    %% performance test
-    ?line {Time1,ok}=timer:tc(?MODULE,mvrasn_inlined_encdec,[?times,Val]),
-    %% warm up
-    timer:tc(?MODULE,mvrasn_encdec,[2,Val]),
-    %% performance test
-    ?line {Time2,ok}=timer:tc(?MODULE,mvrasn_encdec,[?times,Val]),
-
-    ?line Comment = "inlined_code: "++
-	integer_to_list(round(Time1/?times))++
-	" micro,<br>original_code: "++
-	integer_to_list(round(Time2/?times))++
-% 	" micro,~ninlined_code[inline]: "++
-% 	integer_to_list(round(Time3/?times))++
-	" micro",
-    {comment,Comment}.
-
-
-mvrasn_inlined_encdec(0,_) ->
-    ok;
-mvrasn_inlined_encdec(N,V) ->
-    ?line {ok,B}=mvrasn_inlined:encode('InsertSubscriberDataArg',V),
-    ?line {ok,_R}=mvrasn_inlined:decode('InsertSubscriberDataArg',B),
-    mvrasn_inlined_encdec(N-1,V).
-
-mvrasn_encdec(0,_) ->
-    ok;
-mvrasn_encdec(N,V) ->
-    ?line {ok,B}='Mvrasn-11-6':encode('InsertSubscriberDataArg',V),
-    ?line {ok,_R}='Mvrasn-11-6':decode('InsertSubscriberDataArg',B),
-    mvrasn_encdec(N-1,V).
-
-%% mvrasn_inlined_i_encdec(0,_) ->
-%%     ok;
-%% mvrasn_inlined_i_encdec(N,V) ->
-%%     {ok,B}=mvrasn_inlined_i:encode('InsertSubscriberDataArg',V),
-%%     {ok,_R}=mvrasn_inlined_i:decode('InsertSubscriberDataArg',B),
-%%     mvrasn_inlined_i_encdec(N-1,V).
-
-performance2() ->
-    Val = mval(),
-    %% warm up
-    timer:tc(?MODULE,mi_encdec,[?times,Val]),
-    %% performance test
-    {Time1,_R1}=timer:tc(?MODULE,mi_encdec,[?times2,Val]),
-    %% warm up
-    timer:tc(?MODULE,m_encdec,[?times,Val]),
-    %% performance test
-    {Time2,_R2}=timer:tc(?MODULE,m_encdec,[?times2,Val]),
-    ?line Comment = "inlined_code: "++
-	integer_to_list(round(Time1/?times2))++
-	" micro,<br>original_code: "++
-	integer_to_list(round(Time2/?times2))++
-	" micro<br>"++
-	"The inlined code was "++
-	integer_to_list(round(((Time2-Time1)/Time2)*100))++
-	" % faster than the original code.",
-    {comment,Comment}.
-
-mi_encdec(0,_) ->
-    ok;
-mi_encdec(N,Val) ->
-    {ok,B}=m:encode('L',Val),
-    {ok,_R}=m:decode('L',B),
-%    io:format("a"),
-    mi_encdec(N-1,Val).
-
-m_encdec(0,_) ->
-    ok;
-m_encdec(N,Val) ->
-    {ok,B}='Mod':encode('L',Val),
-    {ok,_R}='Mod':decode('L',B),
-    m_encdec(N-1,Val).
-
-
--record('L', {country, region, name}).
--record('OtherName', {locationName, thingName}).
--record('FamilyName', {prefix, secondname}).
--record('Lang', {l}).
--record('Inhabitant', {name, country}).
--record('Country', {name, language}).
--record('PersonName', {name1, name2}).
--record('LocName', {region, name}).
--record('Reg', {name, inhabitants}).
-
-
-mval() ->
-    'L'().
-'L'() ->
-    #'L'{
-     country='Co'(),
-     region='Reg'(),
-     name='Name'(othername)}.
-'Co'() ->
-    'Country'().
-'Country'()->
-    #'Country'{name='Name'(othername),
-	       language='Lang'()}.
-'Lang'()->
-    #'Lang'{l="englsh"}.
-'Reg'() ->
-    #'Reg'{
-       name='Name'(othername),
-       inhabitants='Inhabitants'()}.
-'Inhabitants'()->
-    lists:duplicate(5,'Inhabitant'()).
-'Inhabitant'()->
-    #'Inhabitant'{name='Name'(person),
-		 country='Country'()}.
-'Name'(person) ->
-    {person,'PersonName'()};
-'Name'(othername) ->
-    {othername,'OtherName'()}.
-'PersonName'()->
-    #'PersonName'{name1='FirstName'(firstname),
-		  name2='FamilyName'()}.
-'OtherName'()->
-    #'OtherName'{locationName='LocName'(),
-		 thingName='ThingName'()}.
-'FirstName'(firstname)->
-    {firstname,"Henry"};
-'FirstName'(nickname) ->
-    {nickname,"nick"}.
-'FamilyName'() ->
-    #'FamilyName'{prefix=none,
-		  secondname="Lloyd"}.
-'ThingName'()->
-    "Enkoping".
-'LocName'()->
-    #'LocName'{
-	   region=svealand,
-	   name="Enkoping"}.
-
-remove_inlined_files(Dir,Files) ->
-    ModList=[filename:join([Dir,X])||X<-["Mod"]],
-    FileList=Files++ mods2files(ModList,".asn1db")++
-	mods2files(ModList,".beam")++
-	mods2files(ModList,".erl")++mods2files(ModList,".hrl"),
-    lists:foreach(fun(X) ->
-			  io:format("X: ~p~n",[X]),
-			  ?line ok=file:delete(X)
-		  end,FileList),
-    ok.
-mods2files(ModList,Extension) ->
-    [X++Extension||X<-ModList].
-
-    
-remove_inlined_files2(Dir,Rule) ->
-    ?line ok=remove_inlined_files3(Dir,Rule),
-    TargetErl=filename:join([Dir,"inlined_P_Record.erl"]),
-    TargetBeam=filename:join([Dir,"inlined_P_Record.beam"]),
-    lists:foreach(fun(X) ->
-			  ?line ok=file:delete(X)
-		  end,[TargetErl,TargetBeam]),
-    ok.
-remove_inlined_files3(Dir,ber) ->
-    Erl=filename:join([Dir,"P-Record.erl"]),
-    Beam=filename:join([Dir,"P-Record.beam"]),
-    Asn1DB=filename:join([Dir,"P-Record.asn1db"]),
-    Hrl=filename:join([Dir,"P-Record.hrl"]),
-    lists:foreach(fun(X) ->
-			  ?line ok=file:delete(X)
-		  end,[Erl,Beam,Asn1DB,Hrl]),
-    ok;
-remove_inlined_files3(_,_) ->
-    ok.
-
-remove_inlined_files4(Dir,ber) ->
-    Erl=filename:join([Dir,"p_record.erl"]),
-    Beam=filename:join([Dir,"p_record.beam"]),
-    Asn1DB=filename:join([Dir,"p_record.asn1db"]),
-    Hrl=filename:join([Dir,"p_record.hrl"]),
-    ErlBak=filename:join([Dir,"p_record.erl.bak"]),
-    file:delete(ErlBak),
-    lists:foreach(fun(X) ->
-			  ?line ok=file:delete(X)
-		  end,[Erl,Beam,Asn1DB,Hrl]),
-    ok;
-remove_inlined_files4(_,_) ->
-    ok.
author	Björn Gustavsson <[email protected]>	2013-01-25 12:45:26 +0100
committer	Björn Gustavsson <[email protected]>	2013-01-25 12:45:26 +0100
commit	9afbb879f0397a650a7c403911a8cc30daa6dbbe (patch)
tree	8e0d77907994cd3e6397b12349abd35a63375235 /lib/asn1
parent	61f8a41388d95f6b8c0e2e5a06de586cecf184c6 (diff)
parent	b06cbaf8cf12a9b6dcbdc6eab873a6212206ef58 (diff)
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