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authorErlang/OTP <[email protected]>2009-11-20 14:54:40 +0000
committerErlang/OTP <[email protected]>2009-11-20 14:54:40 +0000
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The R13B03 release.OTP_R13B03
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+ Server Side Includes (SSI)
+
+NCSA HTTPd allows users to create documents which provide simple information
+to clients on the fly. Such information can include the current date, the
+file's last modification date, and the size or last modification of other
+files. In its more advanced usage, it can provide a powerful interface to
+CGI and /bin/sh programs.
+
+ * SSI Issues
+ * SSI Setup
+ * Converting INC SRV to SSI
+ * The SSI Format
+ * SSI Environment Variables
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SSI Issues
+
+Having the server parse documents is a double edged sword. It can be costly
+for heavily loaded servers to perform parsing of files while sending them.
+Further, it can be considered a security risk to have average users
+executing commands as the server's User. If you disable the exec option,
+this danger is mitigated, but the performance issue remains. You should
+consider these items carefully before activating server-side includes on
+your server.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SSI Setup
+
+First, you should decide which directories you want to allow Includes in.
+Most likely this will not include users' home directories or directories you
+do not trust. You should then decide, of the directories you are allowing
+includes in, which directories are safe enough to use exec in.
+
+For the directories in which you want to fully enable includes, you need to
+use the Options directive to turn on the option Includes. Similarly for the
+directories you want crippled (no exec) includes, you should use the option
+IncludesNOEXEC. In any directory you want to disable includes, use the
+Options directive without either option.
+
+Next, you need to tell the server what filename extension you are using for
+the parsed files. These files, while very similar to HTML, are not HTML and
+are thus not treated the same. Internally, the server uses the magic MIME
+type text/x-server-parsed-html to identify parsed documents. It will then
+perform a format conversion to change these files into HTML for the client.
+To tell the server which extension you want to use for parsed files, use the
+AddType directive. For instance:
+
+AddType text/x-server-parsed-html .shtml
+
+This makes any file ending with .shtml a parsed file. Alternatively, if you
+don't care about the performance hit of having all .html files parsed, you
+could use:
+
+AddType text/x-server-parsed-html .html
+
+This would make the server parse all .html files.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Converting your old INC SRV documents to the SSI Format
+
+You should use the program inc2shtml in the support subdirectory of the
+HTTPd distribution to translate your documents from HTTPd 1.1 and earlier to
+the new format. Usage is simple: inc2shtml file.html > file.shtml.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+The SSI Format
+
+All directives to the server are formatted as SGML comments within the
+document. This is in case the document should ever find itself in the
+client's hands unparsed. Each directive has the following format:
+
+<!--#command tag1="value1" tag2="value2" -->
+
+Each command takes different arguments, most only accept one tag at a time.
+Here is a breakdown of the commands and their associated tags:
+
+ * config
+
+ The config directive controls various aspects of the file parsing.
+ There are two valid tags:
+
+ o errmsg controls what message is sent back to the client if an
+ error includes while parsing the document. When an error occurs,
+ it is logged in the server's error log.
+
+ o timefmt gives the server a new format to use when providing dates.
+ This is a string compatible with the strftime library call under
+ most versions of UNIX.
+
+ o sizefmt determines the formatting to be used when displaying the
+ size of a file. Valid choices are bytes, for a formatted byte
+ count (formatted as 1,234,567), or abbrev for an abbreviated
+ version displaying the number of kilobytes or megabytes the file
+ occupies.
+
+ * include
+
+ include will insert the text of a document into the parsed document.
+ Any included file is subject to the usual access control. This command
+ accepts two tags:
+
+ o virtual gives a virtual path to a document on the server. You must
+ access a normal file this way, you cannot access a CGI script in
+ this fashion. You can, however, access another parsed document.
+
+ o file gives a pathname relative to the current directory. ../
+ cannot be used in this pathname, nor can absolute paths be used.
+ As above, you can send other parsed documents, but you cannot send
+ CGI scripts.
+
+ * echo prints the value of one of the include variables (defined below).
+ Any dates are printed subject to the currently configured timefmt. The
+ only valid tag to this command is var, whose value is the name of the
+ variable you wish to echo.
+
+ * fsize prints the size of the specified file. Valid tags are the same as
+ with the include command. The resulting format of this command is
+ subject to the sizefmt parameter to the config command.
+
+ * flastmod prints the last modification date of the specified file,
+ subject to the formatting preference given by the timefmt parameter to
+ config. Valid tags are the same as with the include command.
+
+ * exec executes a given shell command or CGI script. It must be activated
+ to be used. Valid tags are:
+
+ o cmd will execute the given string using /bin/sh. All of the
+ variables defined below are defined, and can be used in the
+ command.
+
+ o cgi will execute the given virtual path to a CGI script and
+ include its output. The server does not perform error checking to
+ make sure your script didn't output horrible things like a GIF, so
+ be careful. It will, however, interpret any URL Location: header
+ and translate it into an HTML anchor.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SSI Environment Variables
+
+A number of variables are made available to parsed documents. In addition to
+the CGI variable set, the following variables are made available:
+
+ * DOCUMENT_NAME: The current filename.
+
+ * DOCUMENT_URI: The virtual path to this document (such as
+ /docs/tutorials/foo.shtml).
+
+ * QUERY_STRING_UNESCAPED: The unescaped version of any search query the
+ client sent, with all shell-special characters escaped with \.
+
+ * DATE_LOCAL: The current date, local time zone. Subject to the timefmt
+ parameter to the config command.
+
+ * DATE_GMT: Same as DATE_LOCAL but in Greenwich mean time.
+
+ * LAST_MODIFIED: The last modification date of the current document.
+ Subject to timefmt like the others.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [Back] Return to tutorial index
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+NCSA HTTPd Development Team / [email protected] / 9-28-95