code: Add functions that can load multiple modules

Add functions to 'code' to allow loading of multiple modules
at once.

code:atomic_load(Modules) will load all modules at once, or fail
having loaded none of them. Since we cannot guarantee the atomicity if
there are modules with -on_load functions, the list of modules must
not contain any modules with an -on_load function.

Also, to make it possible to put an application into an inactive state
for as short time as possible, also add code:prepare_loading/1 and
code:finish_loading/1. They are used like this:

  {ok,Prepared} = code:prepare_loading(Modules)
    .
    .
    .
  ok = code:finish_loading(Prepared)

code:ensure_modules_loaded/1 is useful as a pure optimization to
ensure that modules that will be needed soon have indeed been
loaded. It will not reload modules that have already been loaded and
it *will* accept modules that have an on_load function. Therefore, it
does not make sense to give any atomicity guarantees.

I did consider overloading the existing code:ensure_loaded/1
function, but rejected it because the return value is very
different. Having different forms of return values depending
on the types of arguments is confusing.

3 files changed, 417 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/lib/kernel/test/Makefile b/lib/kernel/test/Makefile
index ba40dd3168..7b233741e0 100644
--- a/lib/kernel/test/Makefile
+++ b/lib/kernel/test/Makefile
@@ -79,7 +79,8 @@ MODULES= \
 	zlib_SUITE \
 	loose_node \
 	sendfile_SUITE \
-	standard_error_SUITE
+	standard_error_SUITE \
+	multi_load_SUITE
 
 APP_FILES = \
 	appinc.app \
diff --git a/lib/kernel/test/code_SUITE.erl b/lib/kernel/test/code_SUITE.erl
index cf8863fcd0..00f29aa8ed 100644
--- a/lib/kernel/test/code_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/kernel/test/code_SUITE.erl
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ analyse2(MFA={_,_,_}, Path, Visited0) ->
     analyse(FL, [MFA|Path], my_usort([MFA|Visited0]), 0).
 
 %%%% We need to check these manually...
-% fun's are ok as long as they are defined locally.
+%% fun's are ok as long as they are defined locally.
 check_funs({'$M_EXPR','$F_EXPR',_},
 	   [{unicode,characters_to_binary_int,3},
 	    {unicode,characters_to_binary,3},
@@ -870,6 +870,8 @@ check_funs({'$M_EXPR','$F_EXPR',1},
 	    {hipe_unified_loader,get_refs_from,2}| _]) -> 0;
 check_funs({'$M_EXPR',warning_msg,2},
 	   [{code_server,finish_on_load_report,2} | _]) -> 0;
+check_funs({'$M_EXPR','$F_EXPR',1},
+	   [{code_server,run,2}|_]) -> 0;
 %% This is cheating! /raimo
 %%
 %% check_funs(This = {M,_,_}, Path) ->
diff --git a/lib/kernel/test/multi_load_SUITE.erl b/lib/kernel/test/multi_load_SUITE.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb87443e36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/kernel/test/multi_load_SUITE.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+%%
+%% %CopyrightBegin%
+%%
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 1999-2012. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+%% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+%% You may obtain a copy of the License at
+%%
+%%     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+%%
+%% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+%% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+%% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+%% See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+%% limitations under the License.
+%%
+%% %CopyrightEnd%
+%%
+
+-module(multi_load_SUITE).
+-export([all/0,suite/0,groups/0,init_per_suite/1,end_per_suite/1,
+	 init_per_group/2,end_per_group/2,
+	 basic_atomic_load/1,basic_errors/1,sticky_dir/1,
+	 on_load_failing/1,ensure_modules_loaded/1,
+	 native_code/1]).
+
+-include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl").
+-include_lib("syntax_tools/include/merl.hrl").
+
+suite() -> [{ct_hooks,[ts_install_cth]}].
+
+all() ->
+    [basic_atomic_load,basic_errors,sticky_dir,on_load_failing,
+     ensure_modules_loaded,native_code].
+
+groups() ->
+    [].
+
+init_per_suite(Config) ->
+    Config.
+
+end_per_suite(_Config) ->
+    ok.
+
+init_per_group(_GroupName, Config) ->
+    Config.
+
+end_per_group(_GroupName, Config) ->
+    Config.
+
+basic_atomic_load(Config) ->
+    PrivDir = proplists:get_value(priv_dir, Config),
+    Dir = filename:join(PrivDir, multi_load_sticky_dir),
+    _ = file:make_dir(Dir),
+
+    OldPath = code:get_path(),
+    try
+	code:add_patha(Dir),
+	do_basic(Dir)
+    after
+	code:set_path(OldPath)
+    end,
+
+    ok.
+
+do_basic(Dir) ->
+    MsVer1_0 = make_modules(5, versioned_module(1)),
+    MsVer1 = [{M,filename:absname(F, Dir),Bin} || {M,F,Bin} <- MsVer1_0],
+    _ = [ok = file:write_file(F, Bin) || {_,F,Bin} <- MsVer1],
+
+    Ms = [M || {M,_,_} <- MsVer1],
+    [] = [loaded || M <- Ms, is_loaded(M)],
+
+    ok = code:atomic_load(Ms),
+    _ = [1 = M:M() || M <- Ms],
+    _ = [F = code:which(M) || {M,F,_} <- MsVer1],
+    [] = [not_loaded || M <- Ms, not is_loaded(M)],
+
+    MsVer2 = update_modules(Ms, versioned_module(2)),
+    {ok,Prepared} = code:prepare_loading(MsVer2),
+    ok = code:finish_loading(Prepared),
+    _ = [2 = M:M() || M <- Ms],
+    _ = [F = code:which(M) || {M,F,_} <- MsVer2],
+    [] = [not_loaded || M <- Ms, not is_loaded(M)],
+
+    MsVer3 = update_modules(Ms, versioned_module(2)),
+    NotPurged = lists:sort([{M,not_purged} || M <- Ms]),
+    NotPurged = atomic_load_error(MsVer3, true),
+
+    ok.
+
+versioned_module(Ver) ->
+    fun(Mod) ->
+	    ?Q(["-module('@Mod@').\n",
+		"-export(['@Mod@'/0]).\n",
+		"'@Mod@'() -> _@Ver@.\n"])
+    end.
+
+basic_errors(_Config) ->
+    atomic_load_fc([42]),
+    atomic_load_fc([{"mod","file","bin"}]),
+
+    finish_loading_fc(atom),
+    {ok,{PrepTag,_}} = code:prepare_loading([code]),
+    finish_loading_fc({PrepTag,[x]}),
+    finish_loading_fc({PrepTag,[{m,{<<>>,"",<<>>}}]}),
+    Prep = prepared_with_wrong_magic_bin(),
+    finish_loading_fc(Prep),
+
+    [{x,badfile}] = atomic_load_error([{x,"x",<<"bad">>}], false),
+    [{a,badfile},{some_nonexistent_file,nofile}] =
+	atomic_load_error([some_nonexistent_file,{a,"a",<<>>}],
+			  false),
+
+    %% Modules mentioned more than once.
+    Mods = make_modules(2, fun basic_module/1),
+    Ms = [M || {M,_,_} <- Mods],
+    DupMods = Mods ++ [mnesia] ++ Mods ++ [mnesia],
+    DupErrors0 = lists:sort([mnesia|Ms]),
+    DupErrors = [{M,duplicated} || M <- DupErrors0],
+    DupErrors = atomic_load_error(DupMods, false),
+
+    ok.
+
+atomic_load_fc(L) ->
+    {'EXIT',{function_clause,[{code,atomic_load,[L],_}|_]}} =
+	(catch code:atomic_load(L)),
+    {'EXIT',{function_clause,[{code,prepare_loading,[L],_}|_]}} =
+	(catch code:prepare_loading(L)).
+
+finish_loading_fc(Term) ->
+    {'EXIT',{function_clause,[{code,finish_loading,[Term],_}|_]}} =
+	(catch code:finish_loading(Term)).
+
+prepared_with_wrong_magic_bin() ->
+    {ok,Prep} = code:prepare_loading([?MODULE]),
+    prep_magic(Prep).
+
+prep_magic([H|T]) ->
+    [prep_magic(H)|prep_magic(T)];
+prep_magic(Tuple) when is_tuple(Tuple) ->
+    L = prep_magic(tuple_to_list(Tuple)),
+    list_to_tuple(L);
+prep_magic(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
+    try erlang:has_prepared_code_on_load(Bin) of
+	false ->
+	    %% Create a different kind of magic binary.
+	    ets:match_spec_compile([{'_',[true],['$_']}])
+    catch
+	_:_ ->
+	    Bin
+    end;
+prep_magic(Other) ->
+    Other.
+
+sticky_dir(_Config) ->
+    Mod0 = make_module(lists, fun basic_module/1),
+    Mod1 = make_module(gen_server, fun basic_module/1),
+    Ms = [Mod0,Mod1],
+    SD = sticky_directory,
+    StickyErrors = [{gen_server,SD},{lists,SD}],
+    StickyErrors = atomic_load_error(Ms, true),
+
+    ok.
+
+on_load_failing(_Config) ->
+    OnLoad = make_modules(1, fun on_load_module/1),
+    [{OnLoadMod,_,_}] = OnLoad,
+    Ms = make_modules(10, fun basic_module/1) ++ OnLoad,
+
+    %% Fail because there is a module with on_load in the list.
+    on_load_failure(OnLoadMod, Ms),
+    on_load_failure(OnLoadMod, [lists:last(Ms)]),
+
+    %% Fail because there already is a pending on_load.
+    [{HangingOnLoad,_,_}|_] = Ms,
+    spawn_hanging_on_load(HangingOnLoad),
+    NoOnLoadMs = lists:droplast(Ms),
+    {error,[{HangingOnLoad,pending_on_load}]} =
+	code:atomic_load(NoOnLoadMs),
+    hanging_on_load ! stop_hanging_and_unload,
+
+    ok.
+
+on_load_failure(OnLoadMod, Ms) ->
+    [{OnLoadMod,on_load_not_allowed}] = atomic_load_error(Ms, false).
+
+spawn_hanging_on_load(Mod) ->
+    {Mod,Name,Bin} = make_module(Mod, "unknown",
+				 fun(_) ->
+					 hanging_on_load_module(Mod)
+				 end),
+    spawn_link(fun() ->
+		       {error,on_load_failure} =
+			   code:load_binary(Mod, Name, Bin)
+	       end).
+
+hanging_on_load_module(Mod) ->
+    ?Q(["-module('@Mod@').\n",
+	"-on_load(hang/0).\n",
+	"hang() ->\n"
+	"  register(hanging_on_load, self()),\n"
+	"  receive _ -> unload end.\n"]).
+
+ensure_modules_loaded(Config) ->
+    PrivDir = proplists:get_value(priv_dir, Config),
+    Dir = filename:join(PrivDir, multi_load_ensure_modules_loaded),
+    _ = file:make_dir(Dir),
+
+    OldPath = code:get_path(),
+    try
+	code:add_patha(Dir),
+	do_ensure_modules_loaded(Dir)
+    after
+	code:set_path(OldPath)
+    end,
+
+    ok.
+
+do_ensure_modules_loaded(Dir) ->
+    %% Create a dummy "lists" module and place it in our code path.
+    {lists,ListsFile,ListsCode} = make_module(lists, fun basic_module/1),
+    ok = file:write_file(filename:absname(ListsFile, Dir), ListsCode),
+    {error,sticky_directory} = code:load_file(lists),
+
+    %% Make a new module that we can load.
+    Mod = make_module_file(Dir, fun basic_module/1),
+    false = is_loaded(Mod),
+
+    %% Make a new module with an on_load function.
+    OLMod = make_module_file(Dir, fun on_load_module/1),
+    false = is_loaded(OLMod),
+
+    %% lists should not be loaded again; Mod and OLMod should be
+    %% loaded.  ?MODULE should not be reloaded, but there is no easy
+    %% way to test that.  Repeating modules is OK.
+    ok = code:ensure_modules_loaded([?MODULE,lists,Mod,OLMod,
+				     Mod,OLMod,Mod,lists]),
+    last = lists:last([last]),
+    true = is_loaded(Mod),
+    ok = Mod:Mod(),
+    true = is_loaded(OLMod),
+    _ = OLMod:module_info(),
+
+    %% Unload the modules that were loaded.
+    [begin
+	 code:purge(M),
+	 code:delete(M),
+	 code:purge(M),
+	 false = is_loaded(M)
+     end || M <- [Mod,OLMod]],
+
+    %% If there are some errors, all other modules should be loaded
+    %% anyway.
+    [{BadMod,BadFile,_}] = make_modules(1, fun basic_module/1),
+    ok = file:write_file(filename:absname(BadFile, Dir), <<"bad_code">>),
+    BadOLMod = make_module_file(Dir, fun failing_on_load_module/1),
+    BadEgg = bad__egg,
+    NativeMod = a_native_module,
+    NativeModFile = atom_to_list(NativeMod) ++ ".beam",
+    {NativeMod,_,NativeCode} = make_module(NativeMod, NativeModFile,
+					   fun basic_module/1, [native]),
+    ok = file:write_file(filename:absname(NativeModFile, Dir), NativeCode),
+    ModulesToLoad = [OLMod,?MODULE,Mod,BadOLMod,NativeMod,
+		     BadEgg,BadMod,lists],
+    {error,Error0} = code:ensure_modules_loaded(ModulesToLoad),
+    Error = lists:sort([{BadEgg,nofile},
+			{BadMod,badfile},
+			{BadOLMod,on_load_failure}]),
+    Error = lists:sort(Error0),
+    true = is_loaded(Mod),
+    true = is_loaded(OLMod),
+    true = is_loaded(NativeMod),
+    true = NativeMod:module_info(native),
+
+    ok.
+
+failing_on_load_module(Mod) ->
+    ?Q(["-module('@Mod@').\n",
+	"-on_load(f/0).\n",
+	"f() -> fail.\n"]).
+
+native_code(_Config) ->
+    case erlang:system_info(hipe_architecture) of
+	undefined ->
+	    {skip,"No native support"};
+	_ ->
+	    do_native_code()
+    end.
+
+do_native_code() ->
+    CalledMod = native_called_module,
+    CallingMod = native_calling_module,
+
+    %% Create a module in native code that calls another module.
+    CallingMod = make_and_load(CallingMod,
+			       calling_module_fun(CalledMod),
+			       [native]),
+
+    %% Create a threaded-code module.
+    _ = make_and_load(CalledMod, called_module_fun(42), []),
+    42 = CallingMod:call(),
+
+    %% Now replace it with a changed module in native code.
+    code:purge(CalledMod),
+    make_and_load(CalledMod, called_module_fun(43), [native]),
+    true = test_server:is_native(CalledMod),
+    43 = CallingMod:call(),
+
+    %% Reload the called module and call it.
+    code:purge(CalledMod),
+    ModVer3 = make_module(CalledMod, "", called_module_fun(changed)),
+    ok = code:atomic_load([ModVer3]),
+    false = test_server:is_native(CalledMod),
+    changed = CallingMod:call(),
+    code:purge(CalledMod),
+
+    ok.
+
+make_and_load(Mod, Fun, Opts) ->
+    {Mod,_,Code} = make_module(Mod, "", Fun, Opts),
+    {module,Mod} = code:load_binary(Mod, "", Code),
+    Mod.
+
+calling_module_fun(Called) ->
+    fun(Mod) ->
+	    ?Q(["-module('@Mod@').\n",
+		"-export([call/0]).\n",
+		"call() -> _@Called@:f().\n"])
+    end.
+
+called_module_fun(Ret) ->
+    fun(Mod) ->
+	    ?Q(["-module('@Mod@').\n",
+		"-export([f/0]).\n",
+		"f() -> _@Ret@.\n"])
+    end.
+
+%%%
+%%% Common utilities
+%%%
+
+atomic_load_error(Modules, ErrorInFinishLoading) ->
+    {error,Errors0} = code:atomic_load(Modules),
+    {Errors1,Bool} =
+	case code:prepare_loading(Modules) of
+	    {ok,Prepared} ->
+		{error,Es0} = code:finish_loading(Prepared),
+		{Es0,true};
+	     {error,Es0} ->
+		{Es0,false}
+	end,
+    Errors = lists:sort(Errors0),
+    Errors = lists:sort(Errors1),
+    case {ErrorInFinishLoading,Bool} of
+	{B,B} ->
+	    Errors;
+	{false,true} ->
+	    ct:fail("LastAction fun must not be called");
+	{true,false} ->
+	    ct:fail("LastAction fun was not called")
+    end.
+
+is_loaded(Mod) ->
+    case erlang:module_loaded(Mod) of
+	false ->
+	    false = code:is_loaded(Mod);
+	true ->
+	    {file,_} = code:is_loaded(Mod),
+	    true
+    end.
+
+basic_module(Mod) ->
+    ?Q(["-module('@Mod@').\n"
+	"-export(['@Mod@'/0]).\n",
+	"'@Mod@'() -> ok."]).
+
+on_load_module(Mod) ->
+    ?Q(["-module('@Mod@').\n",
+	"-on_load(f/0).\n",
+	"f() -> ok.\n"]).
+
+make_module_file(Dir, Fun) ->
+    [{Mod,File,Code}] = make_modules(1, Fun),
+    ok = file:write_file(filename:absname(File, Dir), Code),
+    Mod.
+
+make_modules(0, _) ->
+    [];
+make_modules(N, Fun) ->
+    U = erlang:unique_integer([positive]),
+    ModName = "m__" ++ integer_to_list(N) ++ "_" ++ integer_to_list(U),
+    Mod = list_to_atom(ModName),
+    ModItem = make_module(Mod, Fun),
+    [ModItem|make_modules(N-1, Fun)].
+
+update_modules(Ms, Fun) ->
+    [make_module(M, Fun) || M <- Ms].
+
+make_module(Mod, Fun) ->
+    Filename = atom_to_list(Mod) ++ ".beam",
+    make_module(Mod, Filename, Fun).
+
+make_module(Mod, Filename, Fun) ->
+    make_module(Mod, Filename, Fun, []).
+
+make_module(Mod, Filename, Fun, Opts) ->
+    Tree = Fun(Mod),
+    merl:print(Tree),
+    {ok,Mod,Code} = merl:compile(Tree, Opts),
+    {Mod,Filename,Code}.