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authorErlang/OTP <[email protected]>2009-11-20 14:54:40 +0000
committerErlang/OTP <[email protected]>2009-11-20 14:54:40 +0000
commit84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1 (patch)
treebff9a9c66adda4df2106dfd0e5c053ab182a12bd /lib/parsetools/doc
downloadotp-84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1.tar.gz
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otp-84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1.zip
The R13B03 release.OTP_R13B03
Diffstat (limited to 'lib/parsetools/doc')
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/html/.gitignore0
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/man3/.gitignore0
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/pdf/.gitignore0
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/src/Makefile119
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/src/book.xml46
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/src/fascicules.xml15
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/src/leex.xml455
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/src/make.dep21
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/src/note.gifbin0 -> 1539 bytes
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/src/notes.xml308
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/src/notes_history.xml87
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/src/part_notes.xml43
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/src/ref_man.xml42
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/src/user_guide.gifbin0 -> 1581 bytes
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/src/warning.gifbin0 -> 1498 bytes
-rw-r--r--lib/parsetools/doc/src/yecc.xml529
16 files changed, 1665 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/html/.gitignore b/lib/parsetools/doc/html/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/html/.gitignore
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/man3/.gitignore b/lib/parsetools/doc/man3/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/man3/.gitignore
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/pdf/.gitignore b/lib/parsetools/doc/pdf/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/pdf/.gitignore
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/src/Makefile b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e693e0cf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#
+# %CopyrightBegin%
+#
+# Copyright Ericsson AB 1997-2009. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+# Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+# compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+# Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+# retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+#
+# Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+# basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+# the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+# under the License.
+#
+# %CopyrightEnd%
+#
+
+include $(ERL_TOP)/make/target.mk
+include $(ERL_TOP)/make/$(TARGET)/otp.mk
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+# Application version
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+include ../../vsn.mk
+VSN=$(PARSETOOLS_VSN)
+APPLICATION=parsetools
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+# Release directory specification
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+RELSYSDIR = $(RELEASE_PATH)/lib/$(APPLICATION)-$(VSN)
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+# Target Specs
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+XML_APPLICATION_FILES = ref_man.xml
+XML_REF3_FILES = yecc.xml leex.xml
+
+XML_PART_FILES = part_notes.xml
+XML_CHAPTER_FILES = notes.xml
+
+BOOK_FILES = book.xml
+
+XML_FILES = \
+ $(BOOK_FILES) $(XML_CHAPTER_FILES) \
+ $(XML_PART_FILES) $(XML_REF3_FILES) $(XML_APPLICATION_FILES)
+
+GIF_FILES = \
+ note.gif
+
+XML_HTML_FILES = \
+ notes_history.xml
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+
+HTML_FILES = $(XML_APPLICATION_FILES:%.xml=$(HTMLDIR)/%.html) \
+ $(XML_HTML_FILES:%.xml=$(HTMLDIR)/%.html) \
+ $(XML_PART_FILES:%.xml=$(HTMLDIR)/%.html)
+
+INFO_FILE = ../../info
+
+MAN3_FILES = $(XML_REF3_FILES:%.xml=$(MAN3DIR)/%.3)
+
+HTML_REF_MAN_FILE = $(HTMLDIR)/index.html
+
+TOP_PDF_FILE = $(PDFDIR)/$(APPLICATION)-$(VSN).pdf
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+# FLAGS
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+XML_FLAGS +=
+DVIPS_FLAGS +=
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+# Targets
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+$(HTMLDIR)/%.gif: %.gif
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) $< $@
+
+docs: pdf html man
+
+$(TOP_PDF_FILE): $(XML_FILES)
+
+pdf: $(TOP_PDF_FILE)
+
+html: gifs $(HTML_REF_MAN_FILE)
+
+clean clean_docs:
+ rm -rf $(HTMLDIR)/*
+ rm -f $(MAN3DIR)/*
+ rm -f $(TOP_PDF_FILE) $(TOP_PDF_FILE:%.pdf=%.fo)
+ rm -f errs core *~
+
+man: $(MAN3_FILES)
+
+gifs: $(GIF_FILES:%=$(HTMLDIR)/%)
+
+debug opt:
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+# Release Target
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+include $(ERL_TOP)/make/otp_release_targets.mk
+
+release_docs_spec: docs
+ $(INSTALL_DIR) $(RELSYSDIR)/doc/pdf
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TOP_PDF_FILE) $(RELSYSDIR)/doc/pdf
+ $(INSTALL_DIR) $(RELSYSDIR)/doc/html
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) $(HTMLDIR)/* \
+ $(RELSYSDIR)/doc/html
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) $(INFO_FILE) $(RELSYSDIR)
+ $(INSTALL_DIR) $(RELEASE_PATH)/man/man3
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) $(MAN3DIR)/* $(RELEASE_PATH)/man/man3
+
+
+release_spec:
+
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/src/book.xml b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/book.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93a107b798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/book.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd">
+
+<book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
+ <header titlestyle="normal">
+ <copyright>
+ <year>1997</year><year>2009</year>
+ <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ <legalnotice>
+ The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+ Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+ compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+ Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+ retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+
+ Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+ basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+ the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ <title>Parse Tools</title>
+ <prepared>Carl Velin</prepared>
+ <docno></docno>
+ <date>1997-05-02</date>
+ <rev>1.0</rev>
+ <file>book.sgml</file>
+ </header>
+ <insidecover>
+ </insidecover>
+ <pagetext>Parse Tools</pagetext>
+ <preamble>
+ <contents level="2"></contents>
+ </preamble>
+ <applications>
+ <xi:include href="ref_man.xml"/>
+ </applications>
+ <releasenotes>
+ <xi:include href="notes.xml"/>
+ </releasenotes>
+ <listofterms></listofterms>
+ <index></index>
+</book>
+
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/src/fascicules.xml b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/fascicules.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43090b4aed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/fascicules.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE fascicules SYSTEM "fascicules.dtd">
+
+<fascicules>
+ <fascicule file="ref_man" href="ref_man_frame.html" entry="yes">
+ Reference Manual
+ </fascicule>
+ <fascicule file="part_notes" href="part_notes_frame.html" entry="no">
+ Release Notes
+ </fascicule>
+ <fascicule file="" href="../../../../doc/print.html" entry="no">
+ Off-Print
+ </fascicule>
+</fascicules>
+
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/src/leex.xml b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/leex.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c113b586df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/leex.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE erlref SYSTEM "erlref.dtd">
+
+<erlref>
+ <header>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2009</year><year>2009</year>
+ <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ <legalnotice>
+ Copyright (c) 2008,2009 Robert Virding. All rights reserved.
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ <title>leex</title>
+ <prepared>Robert Virding</prepared>
+ <responsible>nobody</responsible>
+ <docno></docno>
+ <approved>nobody</approved>
+ <checked></checked>
+ <date>2009-05-07</date>
+ <rev>A</rev>
+ <file>leex.xml</file>
+ </header>
+ <module>leex</module>
+ <modulesummary>Lexical analyzer generator for Erlang</modulesummary>
+ <description>
+ <p>A regular expression based lexical analyzer generator for
+ Erlang, similar to lex or flex.</p>
+ <note><p>The Leex module should be considered experimental
+ as it will be subject to changes in future releases.</p></note>
+ </description>
+ <section>
+ <title>DATA TYPES</title>
+ <code type="none">
+ErrorInfo = {ErrorLine,module(),error_descriptor()}
+ErrorLine = integer()
+Token = tuple()</code>
+ </section>
+ <funcs>
+ <func>
+ <name>file(FileName) -> ok | error</name>
+ <name>file(FileName, Options) -> ok | error</name>
+ <fsummary>Generate a lexical analyzer</fsummary>
+ <type>
+ <v>FileName = filename()</v>
+ <v>Options = Option | [Option]</v>
+ <v>Option =&nbsp;-&nbsp;see below&nbsp;-</v>
+ <v>FileReturn = {ok, Scannerfile}
+ | {ok, Scannerfile, Warnings}
+ | error
+ | {error, Warnings, Errors}</v>
+ <v>Scannerfile = filename()</v>
+ <v>Warnings = Errors = [{filename(), [ErrorInfo]}]</v>
+ </type>
+ <desc>
+ <p>Generates a lexical analyzer from the definition in the input
+ file. The input file has the extension <c>.xrl</c>. This is
+ added to the filename if it is not given. The resulting module
+ is the Xrl filename without the <c>.xrl</c> extension.</p>
+
+ <p>The current options are:</p>
+ <taglist>
+ <tag><c>dfa_graph</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Generates a <c>.dot</c> file which contains a
+ description of the DFA in a format which can be viewed with
+ Graphviz, <c>www.graphviz.com</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{includefile,Includefile}</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Uses a specific or customised prologue file
+ instead of default
+ <c>lib/parsetools/include/leexinc.hrl</c> which is
+ otherwise included.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{report_errors, bool()}</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Causes errors to be printed as they occur. Default is
+ <c>true</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{report_warnings, bool()}</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Causes warnings to be printed as they occur. Default is
+ <c>true</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{report, bool()}</c></tag>
+ <item><p>This is a short form for both <c>report_errors</c> and
+ <c>report_warnings</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{return_errors, bool()}</c></tag>
+ <item><p>If this flag is set, <c>{error, Errors, Warnings}</c>
+ is returned when there are errors. Default is <c>false</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{return_warnings, bool()}</c></tag>
+ <item><p>If this flag is set, an extra field containing
+ <c>Warnings</c> is added to the tuple returned upon
+ success. Default is <c>false</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{return, bool()}</c></tag>
+ <item><p>This is a short form for both <c>return_errors</c> and
+ <c>return_warnings</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{scannerfile, Scannerfile}</c></tag>
+ <item><p><c>Scannerfile</c> is the name of the file that
+ will contain the Erlang scanner code that is generated.
+ The default (<c>""</c>) is to add the extension
+ <c>.erl</c> to <c>FileName</c> stripped of the
+ <c>.xrl</c> extension.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{verbose, bool()}</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Outputs information from parsing the input file and
+ generating the internal tables.</p>
+ </item>
+ </taglist>
+ <p>Any of the Boolean options can be set to <c>true</c> by
+ stating the name of the option. For example, <c>verbose</c>
+ is equivalent to <c>{verbose, true}</c>.</p>
+ <p>Leex will add the extension <c>.hrl</c> to the
+ <c>Includefile</c> name and the extension <c>.erl</c> to the
+ <c>Scannerfile</c> name, unless the extension is already
+ there.</p>
+ </desc>
+ </func>
+ <func>
+ <name>format_error(ErrorInfo) -> Chars</name>
+ <fsummary>Return an English description of a an error tuple.</fsummary>
+ <type>
+ <v>Chars = [char() | Chars]</v>
+ </type>
+ <desc>
+ <p>Returns a string which describes the error
+ <c>ErrorInfo</c> returned when there is an error in a
+ regular expression.</p>
+ </desc>
+ </func>
+ </funcs>
+
+
+ <section>
+ <title>GENERATED SCANNER EXPORTS</title>
+ <p>The following functions are exported by the generated scanner.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <funcs>
+ <func>
+ <name>string(String) -> StringRet</name>
+ <name>string(String, StartLine) -> StringRet</name>
+ <fsummary>Generated by Leex</fsummary>
+ <type>
+ <v>String = string()</v>
+ <v>StringRet = {ok,Tokens,EndLine} | ErrorInfo</v>
+ <v>Tokens = [Token]</v>
+ <v>EndLine = StartLine = integer()</v>
+ </type>
+ <desc>
+ <p>Scans <c>String</c> and returns all the tokens in it, or an
+ error.</p>
+ <note><p>It is an error if not all of the characters in
+ <c>String</c> are consumed.</p></note>
+ </desc>
+ </func>
+
+ <func>
+ <name>token(Cont, Chars) -> {more,Cont1} | {done,TokenRet,RestChars}
+ </name>
+ <name>token(Cont, Chars, StartLine) -> {more,Cont1}
+ | {done,TokenRet,RestChars}
+ </name>
+ <fsummary>Generated by Leex</fsummary>
+ <type>
+ <v>Cont = [] | Cont1</v>
+ <v>Cont1 = tuple()</v>
+ <v>Chars = RestChars = string() | eof</v>
+ <v>TokenRet = {ok, Token, EndLine}
+ | {eof, EndLine}
+ | ErrorInfo</v>
+ <v>StartLine = EndLine = integer()</v>
+ </type>
+ <desc>
+ <p>This is a re-entrant call to try and scan one token from
+ <c>Chars</c>. If there are enough characters in <c>Chars</c>
+ to either scan a token or detect an error then this will be
+ returned with <c>{done,...}</c>. Otherwise
+ <c>{cont,Cont}</c> will be returned where <c>Cont</c> is
+ used in the next call to <c>token()</c> with more characters
+ to try an scan the token. This is continued until a token
+ has been scanned. <c>Cont</c> is initially <c>[]</c>.</p>
+
+ <p>It is not designed to be called directly by an application
+ but used through the i/o system where it can typically be
+ called in an application by:</p>
+ <code>
+io:request(InFile, {get_until,Prompt,Module,token,[Line]})
+ -> TokenRet</code>
+ </desc>
+ </func>
+
+ <func>
+ <name>tokens(Cont, Chars) -> {more,Cont1} | {done,TokensRet,RestChars}
+ </name>
+ <name>tokens(Cont, Chars, StartLine) ->
+ {more,Cont1} | {done,TokensRet,RestChars}
+ </name>
+ <fsummary>Generated by Leex</fsummary>
+ <type>
+ <v>Cont = [] | Cont1</v>
+ <v>Cont1 = tuple()</v>
+ <v>Chars = RestChars = string() | eof</v>
+ <v>TokensRet = {ok, Tokens, EndLine}
+ | {eof, EndLine}
+ | ErrorInfo</v>
+ <v>Tokens = [Token]</v>
+ <v>StartLine = EndLine = integer()</v>
+ </type>
+ <desc>
+ <p>This is a re-entrant call to try and scan tokens from
+ <c>Chars</c>. If there are enough characters in <c>Chars</c>
+ to either scan tokens or detect an error then this will be
+ returned with <c>{done,...}</c>. Otherwise
+ <c>{cont,Cont}</c> will be returned where <c>Cont</c> is
+ used in the next call to <c>tokens()</c> with more
+ characters to try an scan the tokens. This is continued
+ until all tokens have been scanned. <c>Cont</c> is initially
+ <c>[]</c>.</p>
+
+ <p>This functions differs from <c>token</c> in that it will
+ continue to scan tokens upto and including an
+ <c>{end_token,Token}</c> has been scanned (see next
+ section). It will then return all the tokens. This is
+ typically used for scanning grammars like Erlang where there
+ is an explicit end token, <c>'.'</c>. If no end token is
+ found then the whole file will be scanned and returned. If
+ an error occurs then all tokens upto and including the next
+ end token will be skipped.</p>
+
+ <p>It is not designed to be called directly by an application
+ but used through the i/o system where it can typically be
+ called in an application by:</p>
+ <code>
+io:request(InFile, {get_until,Prompt,Module,tokens,[Line]})
+ -> TokensRet</code>
+ </desc>
+ </func>
+ </funcs>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Input File Format</title>
+ <p>Erlang style comments starting with a <c>%</c> are allowed in
+ scanner files. A definition file has the following format:</p>
+ <code>
+&lt;Header>
+
+Definitions.
+
+&lt;Macro Definitions>
+
+Rules.
+
+&lt;Token Rules>
+
+Erlang code.
+
+&lt;Erlang code></code>
+
+ <p>The "Definitions.", "Rules." and "Erlang code." headings are
+ mandatory and must occur at the beginning of a source line. The
+ &lt;Header>, &lt;Macro Definitions> and &lt;Erlang code>
+ sections may be empty but there must be at least one rule.</p>
+
+ <p>Macro definitions have the following format:</p>
+
+ <code>
+NAME = VALUE</code>
+
+ <p>and there must be spaces around <c>=</c>. Macros can be used in
+ the regular expressions of rules by writing <c>{NAME}</c>.</p>
+
+ <note><p>When macros are expanded in expressions the macro calls
+ are replaced by the macro value without any form of quoting or
+ enclosing in parentheses.</p></note>
+
+ <p>Rules have the following format:</p>
+
+ <code>
+&lt;Regexp> : &lt;Erlang code>.</code>
+
+ <p>The &lt;Regexp> must occur at the start of a line and not
+ include any blanks; use <c>\\t</c> and <c>\\s</c> to include TAB
+ and SPACE characters in the regular expression. If &lt;Regexp>
+ matches then the corresponding &lt;Erlang code> is evaluated to
+ generate a token. With the Erlang code the following predefined
+ variables are available:</p>
+
+ <taglist>
+ <tag><c>TokenChars</c></tag>
+ <item><p>A list of the characters in the matched token.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>TokenLen</c></tag>
+ <item><p>The number of characters in the matched token.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>TokenLine</c></tag>
+ <item><p>The line number where the token occurred.</p>
+ </item>
+ </taglist>
+
+ <p>The code must return:</p>
+
+ <taglist>
+ <tag><c>{token,Token}</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Return <c>Token</c> to the caller.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{end_token,Token}</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Return <c>Token</c> and is last token in a tokens call.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>skip_token</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Skip this token completely.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{error,ErrString}</c></tag>
+ <item><p>An error in the token, <c>ErrString</c> is a string
+ describing the error.</p>
+ </item>
+ </taglist>
+
+ <p>It is also possible to push back characters into the input
+ characters with the following returns:</p>
+
+ <list>
+ <item><c>{token,Token,PushBackList}</c></item>
+ <item><c>{end_token,Token,PushBackList}</c></item>
+ <item><c>{skip_token,PushBackList}</c></item>
+ </list>
+
+ <p>These have the same meanings as the normal returns but the
+ characters in <c>PushBackList</c> will be prepended to the input
+ characters and scanned for the next token. Note that pushing
+ back a newline will mean the line numbering will no longer be
+ correct.</p>
+
+ <note><p>Pushing back characters gives you unexpected
+ possibilities to cause the scanner to loop!</p></note>
+
+ <p>The following example would match a simple Erlang integer or
+ float and return a token which could be sent to the Erlang
+ parser:</p>
+ <code>
+D = [0-9]
+
+{D}+ :
+ {token,{integer,TokenLine,list_to_integer(TokenChars)}}.
+
+{D}+\\.{D}+((E|e)(\\+|\\-)?{D}+)? :
+ {token,{float,TokenLine,list_to_float(TokenChars)}}.</code>
+
+ <p>The Erlang code in the "Erlang code." section is written into
+ the output file directly after the module declaration and
+ predefined exports declaration so it is possible to add extra
+ exports, define imports and other attributes which are then
+ visible in the whole file.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Regular Expressions</title>
+
+ <p>The regular expressions allowed here is a subset of the set
+ found in <c>egrep</c> and in the AWK programming language, as
+ defined in the book, The AWK Programming Language, by A. V. Aho,
+ B. W. Kernighan, P. J. Weinberger. They are composed of the
+ following characters:</p>
+
+ <taglist>
+ <tag><c>c</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Matches the non-metacharacter c.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>\\c</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Matches the escape sequence or literal character c.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>.</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Matches any character.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>^</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Matches the beginning of a string.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>$</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Matches the end of a string.</p></item>
+ <tag><c>[abc...]</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Character class, which matches any of the characters
+ <c>abc...</c>. Character ranges are specified by a pair of
+ characters separated by a <c>-</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>[^abc...]</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Negated character class, which matches any character
+ except <c>abc...</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>r1 | r2</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Alternation. It matches either <c>r1</c> or <c>r2</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>r1r2</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Concatenation. It matches <c>r1</c> and then <c>r2</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>r+</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Matches one or more <c>rs</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>r*</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Matches zero or more <c>rs</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>r?</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Matches zero or one <c>rs</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>(r)</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Grouping. It matches <c>r</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ </taglist>
+
+ <p>The escape sequences allowed are the same as for Erlang strings:</p>
+
+ <taglist>
+ <tag><c>\\b</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Backspace.</p></item>
+ <tag><c>\\f</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Form feed.</p></item>
+ <tag><c>\\n</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Newline (line feed).</p></item>
+ <tag><c>\\r</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Carriage return.</p></item>
+ <tag><c>\\t</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Tab.</p></item>
+ <tag><c>\\e</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Escape.</p></item>
+ <tag><c>\\v</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Vertical tab.</p></item>
+ <tag><c>\\s</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Space.</p></item>
+ <tag><c>\\d</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Delete.</p></item>
+ <tag><c>\\ddd</c></tag>
+ <item><p>The octal value <c>ddd</c>.</p></item>
+ <tag><c>\\xhh</c></tag>
+ <item><p>The hexadecimal value <c>hh</c>.</p></item>
+ <tag><c>\\x{h...}</c></tag>
+ <item><p>The hexadecimal value <c>h...</c>.</p></item>
+ <tag><c>\\c</c></tag>
+ <item><p>Any other character literally, for example <c>\\\\</c> for
+ backslash, <c>\\"</c> for <c>"</c>.</p>
+ </item>
+ </taglist>
+
+ <p>The following examples define Erlang data types:</p>
+ <code>
+Atoms [a-z][0-9a-zA-Z_]*
+
+Variables [A-Z_][0-9a-zA-Z_]*
+
+Floats (\\+|-)?[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+((E|e)(\\+|-)?[0-9]+)?</code>
+
+ <note><p>Anchoring a regular expression with <c>^</c> and <c>$</c>
+ is not implemented in the current version of Leex and just
+ generates a parse error.</p></note>
+ </section>
+</erlref>
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/src/make.dep b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/make.dep
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a09ecdedd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/make.dep
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+# >>>> Do not edit this file <<<<
+# This file was automaticly generated by
+# /home/otp/bin/docdepend
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+# TeX files that the DVI file depend on
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+
+book.dvi: book.tex leex.tex ref_man.tex yecc.tex
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+# Source inlined when transforming from source to LaTeX
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+
+book.tex: ref_man.xml
+
+ref_man.tex: ../../../../system/doc/definitions/term.defs
+
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/src/note.gif b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/note.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6fffe30419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/note.gif
Binary files differ
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/src/notes.xml b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/notes.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2947517717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/notes.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd">
+
+<chapter>
+ <header>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>1997</year><year>2009</year>
+ <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ <legalnotice>
+ The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+ Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+ compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+ Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+ retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+
+ Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+ basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+ the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ <title>Parsetools Release Notes</title>
+ <prepared>otp_appnotes</prepared>
+ <docno>nil</docno>
+ <date>nil</date>
+ <rev>nil</rev>
+ <file>notes.xml</file>
+ </header>
+ <p>This document describes the changes made to the Parsetools application.</p>
+
+<section><title>Parsetools 2.0.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Leex no longer uses the deprecated <c>regexp</c>
+ module. (Thanks to Robert Virding.).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-8231</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>A minor bug in <c>leex(3)</c> has been fixed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-8197</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Parsetools 2.0</title>
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Leex, a lexical analyzer generator for Erlang,
+ has been added to Parsetools. This initial version
+ should be considered experimental; it is known
+ that there will be changes and additions.
+ (Thanks to Robert Virding.).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-8013</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>The parsers generated by Yecc now report correct
+ error lines when possible.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-7969</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Parsetools 1.4.7</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>A bug in yeccpre.hrl introduced in R13A has been
+ fixed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-7945</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Parsetools 1.4.6</title>
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Updated file headers.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-7798</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Parsetools 1.4.5</title>
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>The <c>yecc</c> grammar has been augmented with an
+ optional header section. (Thanks to Richard
+ Carlsson.)</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-7292</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
+<section><title>Parsetools 1.4.4</title>
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>The size of the code generated by Yecc has
+ been reduced. The code is also faster.</p>
+ <p>Macros can now be used in actions.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-7224</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Parsetools 1.4.3</title>
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p><c>tuple_size/1</c> and <c>byte_size/1</c> have been
+ substituted for <c>size/1</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-7009</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Parsetools 1.4.2</title>
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>The size of the code generated by yecc has been
+ reduced. </p>
+ <p>A note regarding the <c>includefile</c> option:
+ although yecc can cope with includefiles based on some
+ earlier <c>yeccpre.hrl</c> it is recommended for
+ efficiency reasons to update includefiles as to follow
+ the pattern in the latest <c>yeccpre.hrl</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-6851</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Parsetools 1.4.1.1</title>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list type="bulleted">
+ <item>
+ <p>Minor Makefile changes.</p>
+ <p>Own Id: OTP-6689</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Parsetools 1.4.1</title>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list type="bulleted">
+ <item>
+ <p>A bug concerning precedence declarations of
+ non-terminals "one level up" has been fixed in yecc.</p>
+ <p>Own Id: OTP-6362</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Parsetools 1.4</title>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Improvements and Fixed Bugs</title>
+ <p>Several modifications of Yecc have been made:</p>
+ <list type="bulleted">
+ <item>
+ <p>The new functions <c>file/1,2</c> take the
+ role of the old functions <c>yecc/2,3,4</c>. The
+ latter functions are no longer documented but are
+ kept for backward compatibility.</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>More checks of the grammar file have been
+ implemented. Examples are warnings for unused
+ non-terminals and duplicated declarations.</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Invalid pseudo variables are no longer
+ replaced by <c>'$undefined'</c> but cause a failure.</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Reserved words no longer need to be quoted
+ when used as terminals or non-terminals.</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>When compiling the generated parser file errors
+ and warnings concerning user code refer to
+ the grammar file, not the parser file.</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Yecc emits a warning if there are conflicts
+ in the grammar. The new declaration <c>Expect</c> can
+ be used to suppress this warning.</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The new operator precedence declaration
+ <c>Nonassoc</c> can be used to declare operators with
+ no associativity.</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Precedence can be given to more than one operator
+ with one single operator precedence declaration.</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The function <c>parse_and_scan/1</c> in the
+ default includefile accepts <c>{Function, A}</c>
+ as well as {{M,F}, A} as tokenizer function.
+ Exceptions in the tokenizer are never caught.</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The functions <c>yecc:file/1,2</c> can be accessed
+ from the Erlang shell via the new functions <c>c:y/1,2</c>
+ in STDLIB.</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ <p>See yecc(3) for further details.</p>
+ <p>Own Id: OTP-5366</p>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Parsetools 1.3.2</title>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list type="bulleted">
+ <item>
+ <p>A bug in <c>Yecc</c> that was introduced in R9B has been
+ removed. Another bug concerning precedence declaration
+ "one level up" has been fixed.</p>
+ <p>Own Id: OTP-5461</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Parsetools 1.3.1</title>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list type="bulleted">
+ <item>
+ <p>A bug in the file <c>parsetools/include/yeccpre.hrl</c>
+ caused <c>yecc:parse_and_scan/1</c> to always report a
+ parse failure when the lexer reported end-of-file. This
+ problem has been fixed.</p>
+ <p>Own Id: OTP-5369</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</chapter>
+
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/src/notes_history.xml b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/notes_history.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a63812bcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/notes_history.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd">
+
+<chapter>
+ <header>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2006</year><year>2009</year>
+ <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ <legalnotice>
+ The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+ Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+ compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+ Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+ retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+
+ Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+ basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+ the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ <title>Parsetools Release Notes</title>
+ <prepared>Hans Bolinder</prepared>
+ <responsible></responsible>
+ <docno></docno>
+ <approved></approved>
+ <checked></checked>
+ <date>06-02-20</date>
+ <rev>A</rev>
+ <file>notes_history.sgml</file>
+ </header>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Parsetools 1.3</title>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list type="bulleted">
+ <item>
+ <p>The source code was cleaned up from unused variables to
+ eliminate compiler warnings. No other changes.</p>
+ <p>Own Id: OTP-5185</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Parsetools 1.2</title>
+ <p>No release notes.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Parsetools 1.1</title>
+ <p>No release notes.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Parsetools 1.0.1</title>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Fixed Bugs and malfunctions</title>
+ <list type="bulleted">
+ <item>
+ <p>Correction in <c>yeccpre.hrl</c> to give correct syntax
+ error info when the offending token was of the form
+ <c>{Class, Line, Value}</c>.</p>
+ <p>Own Id: OTP-1881</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The <c>yecc</c> function does now accept atoms in the
+ <c>Grammarfile</c>, <c>Parserfile</c> and <c>Includefile</c>
+ arguments.</p>
+ <p>Own Id: OTP-1405</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Parsetools 1.0</title>
+ <p>There are no changes since Erlang 4.3.</p>
+ </section>
+</chapter>
+
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/src/part_notes.xml b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/part_notes.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..308fc95e35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/part_notes.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd">
+
+<part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
+ <header>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>1997</year><year>2009</year>
+ <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ <legalnotice>
+ The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+ Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+ compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+ Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+ retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+
+ Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+ basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+ the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ <title>PARSETOOLS Release Notes</title>
+ <prepared>Carl Velin</prepared>
+ <docno></docno>
+ <date>1997-04-28</date>
+ <rev>1.0</rev>
+ <file>part_notes.sgml</file>
+ </header>
+ <description>
+ <p>The <em>Parsetools</em> application contains utilities for
+ parsing and scanning. Yecc is an <term id="LALR-1"></term>parser
+ generator for Erlang, similar to yacc. Yecc takes a <term
+ id="BNF"></term>grammar definition as input, and produces Erlang
+ code for a parser as output. Leex is a regular expression based
+ lexical analyzer generator for Erlang, similar to lex or flex.</p>
+ <p>There are also release notes for
+ <seealso marker="notes_history">older versions</seealso>.</p>
+ </description>
+ <xi:lude href="notes.xml"/>
+</part>
+
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/src/ref_man.xml b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/ref_man.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..52f1c687da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/ref_man.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE application SYSTEM "application.dtd">
+
+<application xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
+ <header>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>1997</year><year>2009</year>
+ <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ <legalnotice>
+ The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+ Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+ compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+ Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+ retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+
+ Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+ basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+ the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ <title>Parsetools Reference Manual</title>
+ <prepared>Carl Velin</prepared>
+ <docno></docno>
+ <date>1997-04-28</date>
+ <rev>1.0</rev>
+ <file>application.sgml</file>
+ </header>
+ <description>
+ <p>The <em>Parsetools</em> application contains utilities for
+ parsing and scanning. Yecc is an <term id="LALR-1"></term>parser
+ generator for Erlang, similar to yacc. Yecc takes a <term
+ id="BNF"></term>grammar definition as input, and produces Erlang
+ code for a parser as output. Leex is a regular expression based
+ lexical analyzer generator for Erlang, similar to lex or flex.</p>
+ </description>
+ <xi:include href="yecc.xml"/>
+ <xi:include href="leex.xml"/>
+</application>
+
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/src/user_guide.gif b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/user_guide.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e6275a803d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/user_guide.gif
Binary files differ
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/src/warning.gif b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/warning.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96af52360e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/warning.gif
Binary files differ
diff --git a/lib/parsetools/doc/src/yecc.xml b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/yecc.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..81f1550b0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/parsetools/doc/src/yecc.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE erlref SYSTEM "erlref.dtd">
+
+<erlref>
+ <header>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>1996</year><year>2009</year>
+ <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ <legalnotice>
+ The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+ Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+ compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+ Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+ retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+
+ Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+ basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+ the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ <title>yecc</title>
+ <prepared>Carl Wilhelm Welin</prepared>
+ <responsible>Carl Wilhelm Welin</responsible>
+ <docno></docno>
+ <approved>Bjarne D&auml;cker</approved>
+ <checked></checked>
+ <date>1997-01-27</date>
+ <rev>B</rev>
+ <file>yecc.sgml</file>
+ </header>
+ <module>yecc</module>
+ <modulesummary>LALR-1 Parser Generator</modulesummary>
+ <description>
+ <p>An LALR-1 parser generator for Erlang, similar to <c>yacc</c>.
+ Takes a BNF grammar definition as input, and produces Erlang code
+ for a parser. </p>
+ <p>To understand this text, you also have to
+ look at the <c>yacc</c> documentation in the UNIX(TM) manual. This
+ is most probably necessary in order to understand the idea of a
+ parser generator, and the principle and problems of LALR parsing
+ with finite look-ahead.</p>
+ </description>
+ <funcs>
+ <func>
+ <name>file(Grammarfile [, Options]) -> YeccRet</name>
+ <fsummary>Give information about resolved and unresolved parse action conflicts.</fsummary>
+ <type>
+ <v>Grammarfile = filename()</v>
+ <v>Options = Option | [Option]</v>
+ <v>Option =&nbsp;-&nbsp;see below&nbsp;-</v>
+ <v>YeccRet = {ok, Parserfile} | {ok, Parserfile, Warnings} | error | {error, Warnings, Errors}</v>
+ <v>Parserfile = filename()</v>
+ <v>Warnings = Errors = [{filename(), [ErrorInfo]}]</v>
+ <v>ErrorInfo = {ErrorLine, module(), Reason}</v>
+ <v>ErrorLine = integer()</v>
+ <v>Reason =&nbsp;-&nbsp;formatable by format_error/1&nbsp;-</v>
+ </type>
+ <desc>
+ <p><c>Grammarfile</c> is the file of declarations and grammar
+ rules. Returns <c>ok</c> upon success, or <c>error</c> if
+ there are errors. An Erlang file containing the parser is
+ created if there are no errors. The options are:
+ </p>
+ <taglist>
+ <tag><c>{parserfile, Parserfile}</c>.</tag>
+ <item><c>Parserfile</c> is the name of the file that will
+ contain the Erlang parser code that is generated. The
+ default (<c>""</c>) is to add the extension <c>.erl</c>
+ to <c>Grammarfile</c> stripped of the <c>.yrl</c>
+ extension.
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{includefile, Includefile}</c>.</tag>
+ <item>Indicates a customized prologue file which the user
+ may want to use instead of the default file
+ <c>lib/parsetools/include/yeccpre.hrl</c> which is
+ otherwise included at the beginning of the resulting
+ parser file. <em>N.B.</em> The <c>Includefile</c> is
+ included 'as is' in the parser file, so it must not have a
+ module declaration of its own, and it should not be
+ compiled. It must, however, contain the necessary export
+ declarations. The default is indicated by <c>""</c>.
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{report_errors, bool()}</c>.</tag>
+ <item>Causes errors to be printed as they occur. Default is
+ <c>true</c>.
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{report_warnings, bool()}</c>.</tag>
+ <item>Causes warnings to be printed as they occur. Default is
+ <c>true</c>.
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{report, bool()}</c>.</tag>
+ <item>This is a short form for both <c>report_errors</c> and
+ <c>report_warnings</c>.
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{return_errors, bool()}</c>.</tag>
+ <item>If this flag is set, <c>{error, Errors, Warnings}</c>
+ is returned when there are errors. Default is
+ <c>false</c>.
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{return_warnings, bool()}</c>.</tag>
+ <item>If this flag is set, an extra field containing
+ <c>Warnings</c> is added to the tuple returned upon
+ success. Default is <c>false</c>.
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{return, bool()}</c>.</tag>
+ <item>This is a short form for both <c>return_errors</c> and
+ <c>return_warnings</c>.
+ </item>
+ <tag><c>{verbose, bool()}</c>. </tag>
+ <item>Determines whether the parser generator should give
+ full information about resolved and unresolved parse
+ action conflicts (<c>true</c>), or only about those
+ conflicts that prevent a parser from being generated from
+ the input grammar (<c>false</c>, the default).
+ </item>
+ </taglist>
+ <p>Any of the Boolean options can be set to <c>true</c> by
+ stating the name of the option. For example, <c>verbose</c>
+ is equivalent to <c>{verbose, true}</c>.
+ </p>
+ <p>The value of the <c>Parserfile</c> option stripped of the
+ <c>.erl</c> extension is used by Yecc as the module name of
+ the generated parser file.</p>
+ <p>Yecc will add the extension <c>.yrl</c> to the
+ <c>Grammarfile</c> name, the extension <c>.hrl</c> to the
+ <c>Includefile</c> name, and the extension <c>.erl</c> to
+ the <c>Parserfile</c> name, unless the extension is already
+ there.</p>
+ </desc>
+ </func>
+ <func>
+ <name>format_error(Reason) -> Chars</name>
+ <fsummary>Return an English description of a an error tuple.</fsummary>
+ <type>
+ <v>Reason =&nbsp;-&nbsp;as returned by yecc:file/1,2&nbsp;-</v>
+ <v>Chars = [char() | Chars]</v>
+ </type>
+ <desc>
+ <p>Returns a descriptive string in English of an error tuple
+ returned by <c>yecc:file/1,2</c>. This function is mainly
+ used by the compiler invoking Yecc.</p>
+ </desc>
+ </func>
+ </funcs>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Pre-Processing</title>
+ <p>A <c>scanner</c> to pre-process the text (program, etc.) to be
+ parsed is not provided in the <c>yecc</c> module. The scanner
+ serves as a kind of lexicon look-up routine. It is possible to
+ write a grammar that uses only character tokens as terminal
+ symbols, thereby eliminating the need for a scanner, but this
+ would make the parser larger and slower.</p>
+ <p>The user should implement a scanner that segments the input
+ text, and turns it into one or more lists of tokens. Each token
+ should be a tuple containing information about syntactic
+ category, position in the text (e.g. line number), and the
+ actual terminal symbol found in the text: <c>{Category, LineNumber, Symbol}</c>.</p>
+ <p>If a terminal symbol is the only member of a category, and the
+ symbol name is identical to the category name, the token format
+ may be <c>{Symbol, LineNumber}</c>.</p>
+ <p>A list of tokens produced by the scanner should end with a
+ special <c>end_of_input</c> tuple which the parser is looking
+ for. The format of this tuple should be <c>{Endsymbol, LastLineNumber}</c>, where <c>Endsymbol</c> is an identifier
+ that is distinguished from all the terminal and non-terminal
+ categories of the syntax rules. The <c>Endsymbol</c> may be
+ declared in the grammar file (see below).</p>
+ <p>The simplest case is to segment the input string into a list of
+ identifiers (atoms) and use those atoms both as categories and
+ values of the tokens. For example, the input string <c>aaa bbb 777, X</c> may be scanned (tokenized) as:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+[{aaa, 1}, {bbb, 1}, {777, 1}, {',' , 1}, {'X', 1},
+ {'$end', 1}]. </code>
+ <p>This assumes that this is the first line of the input text, and
+ that <c>'$end'</c> is the distinguished <c>end_of_input</c>
+ symbol.</p>
+ <p>The Erlang scanner in the <c>io</c> module can be used as a
+ starting point when writing a new scanner. Study
+ <c>yeccscan.erl</c> in order to see how a filter can be added on
+ top of <c>io:scan_erl_form/3</c> to provide a scanner for
+ Yecc that tokenizes grammar files before parsing them
+ with the Yecc parser. A more general approach to scanner
+ implementation is to use a scanner generator. A scanner
+ generator in Erlang called <c>leex</c> is under development.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Grammar Definition Format</title>
+ <p>Erlang style <c>comments</c>, starting with a <c>'%'</c>, are
+ allowed in grammar files.</p>
+ <p>Each <c>declaration</c> or <c>rule</c> ends with a dot (the
+ character <c>'.'</c>).</p>
+ <p>The grammar starts with an optional <c>header</c> section. The
+ header is put first in the generated file, before the module
+ declaration. The purpose of the header is to provide a means to
+ make the documentation generated by <c>EDoc</c> look nicer. Each
+ header line should be enclosed in double quotes, and newlines
+ will be inserted between the lines. For example:</p>
+ <code>
+Header "%% Copyright (C)"
+"%% @private"
+"%% @Author John"</code>
+ <p>Next comes a declaration of the <c>nonterminal categories</c>
+ to be used in the rules. For example:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+Nonterminals sentence nounphrase verbphrase. </code>
+ <p>A non-terminal category can be used at the left hand side (=
+ <c>lhs</c>, or <c>head</c>) of a grammar rule. It can also
+ appear at the right hand side of rules.</p>
+ <p>Next comes a declaration of the <c>terminal categories</c>,
+ which are the categories of tokens produced by the scanner. For
+ example:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+Terminals article adjective noun verb. </code>
+ <p>Terminal categories may only appear in the right hand sides (=
+ <c>rhs</c>) of grammar rules.</p>
+ <p>Next comes a declaration of the <c>rootsymbol</c>, or start
+ category of the grammar. For example:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+Rootsymbol sentence. </code>
+ <p>This symbol should appear in the lhs of at least one grammar
+ rule. This is the most general syntactic category which the
+ parser ultimately will parse every input string into.</p>
+ <p>After the rootsymbol declaration comes an optional declaration
+ of the <c>end_of_input</c> symbol that your scanner is expected
+ to use. For example:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+Endsymbol '$end'. </code>
+ <p>Next comes one or more declarations of <c>operator precedences</c>, if needed. These are used to resolve
+ shift/reduce conflicts (see <c>yacc</c> documentation).</p>
+ <p>Examples of operator declarations:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+Right 100 '='.
+Nonassoc 200 '==' '=/='.
+Left 300 '+'.
+Left 400 '*'.
+Unary 500 '-'. </code>
+ <p>These declarations mean that <c>'='</c> is defined as a
+ <c>right associative binary</c> operator with precedence 100,
+ <c>'=='</c> and <c>'=/='</c> are operators with <c>no associativity</c>, <c>'+'</c> and <c>'*'</c> are <c>left associative binary</c> operators, where <c>'*'</c> takes
+ precedence over <c>'+'</c> (the normal case), and <c>'-'</c> is
+ a <c>unary</c> operator of higher precedence than <c>'*'</c>.
+ The fact that '==' has no associativity means that an expression
+ like <c>a == b == c</c> is considered a syntax error.</p>
+ <p>Certain rules are assigned precedence: each rule gets its
+ precedence from the last terminal symbol mentioned in the right
+ hand side of the rule. It is also possible to declare precedence
+ for non-terminals, "one level up". This is practical when an
+ operator is overloaded (see also example 3 below).</p>
+ <p>Next come the <c>grammar rules</c>. Each rule has the general
+ form</p>
+ <code type="none">
+Left_hand_side -> Right_hand_side : Associated_code. </code>
+ <p>The left hand side is a non-terminal category. The right hand
+ side is a sequence of one or more non-terminal or terminal
+ symbols with spaces between. The associated code is a sequence
+ of zero or more Erlang expressions (with commas <c>','</c> as
+ separators). If the associated code is empty, the separating
+ colon <c>':'</c> is also omitted. A final dot marks the end of
+ the rule.</p>
+ <p>Symbols such as <c>'{'</c>, <c>'.'</c>, etc., have to be
+ enclosed in single quotes when used as terminal or non-terminal
+ symbols in grammar rules. The use of the symbols
+ <c>'$empty'</c>, <c>'$end'</c>, and <c>'$undefined'</c> should
+ be avoided.</p>
+ <p>The last part of the grammar file is an optional section with
+ Erlang code (= function definitions) which is included 'as is'
+ in the resulting parser file. This section must start with the
+ pseudo declaration, or key words</p>
+ <code type="none">
+Erlang code. </code>
+ <p>No syntax rule definitions or other declarations may follow
+ this section. To avoid conflicts with internal variables, do not
+ use variable names beginning with two underscore characters
+ ('__') in the Erlang code in this section, or in the code
+ associated with the individual syntax rules.</p>
+ <p>The optional <c>expect</c> declaration can be placed anywhere
+ before the last optional section with Erlang code. It is used
+ for suppressing the warning about conflicts that is ordinarily
+ given if the grammar is ambiguous. An example:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+Expect 2. </code>
+ <p>The warning is given if the number of shift/reduce conflicts
+ differs from 2, or if there are reduce/reduce conflicts.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <p>A grammar to parse list expressions (with empty associated
+ code):</p>
+ <code type="none">
+Nonterminals list elements element.
+Terminals atom '(' ')'.
+Rootsymbol list.
+list -> '(' ')'.
+list -> '(' elements ')'.
+elements -> element.
+elements -> element elements.
+element -> atom.
+element -> list. </code>
+ <p>This grammar can be used to generate a parser which parses list
+ expressions, such as <c>(), (a), (peter charles), (a (b c) d (())), ...</c> provided that your scanner tokenizes, for
+ example, the input <c>(peter charles)</c> as follows:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+[{'(', 1} , {atom, 1, peter}, {atom, 1, charles}, {')', 1},
+ {'$end', 1}] </code>
+ <p>When a grammar rule is used by the parser to parse (part of)
+ the input string as a grammatical phrase, the associated code is
+ evaluated, and the value of the last expression becomes the
+ value of the parsed phrase. This value may be used by the parser
+ later to build structures that are values of higher phrases of
+ which the current phrase is a part. The values initially
+ associated with terminal category phrases, i.e. input tokens,
+ are the token tuples themselves.</p>
+ <p>Below is an example of the grammar above with structure
+ building code added:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+list -> '(' ')' : nil.
+list -> '(' elements ')' : '$2'.
+elements -> element : {cons, '$1', nil}.
+elements -> element elements : {cons, '$1', '$2'}.
+element -> atom : '$1'.
+element -> list : '$1'. </code>
+ <p>With this code added to the grammar rules, the parser produces
+ the following value (structure) when parsing the input string
+ <c>(a b c).</c>. This still assumes that this was the first
+ input line that the scanner tokenized:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+{cons, {atom, 1, a,} {cons, {atom, 1, b},
+ {cons, {atom, 1, c}, nil}}} </code>
+ <p>The associated code contains <c>pseudo variables</c><c>'$1'</c>, <c>'$2'</c>, <c>'$3'</c>, etc. which refer to (are
+ bound to) the values associated previously by the parser with
+ the symbols of the right hand side of the rule. When these
+ symbols are terminal categories, the values are token tuples of
+ the input string (see above).</p>
+ <p>The associated code may not only be used to build structures
+ associated with phrases, but may also be used for syntactic and
+ semantic tests, printout actions (for example for tracing), etc.
+ during the parsing process. Since tokens contain positional
+ (line number) information, it is possible to produce error
+ messages which contain line numbers. If there is no associated
+ code after the right hand side of the rule, the value
+ <c>'$undefined'</c> is associated with the phrase.</p>
+ <p>The right hand side of a grammar rule may be empty. This is
+ indicated by using the special symbol <c>'$empty'</c> as rhs.
+ Then the list grammar above may be simplified to:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+list -> '(' elements ')' : '$2'.
+elements -> element elements : {cons, '$1', '$2'}.
+elements -> '$empty' : nil.
+element -> atom : '$1'.
+element -> list : '$1'. </code>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Generating a Parser</title>
+ <p>To call the parser generator, use the following command:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+yecc:file(Grammarfile). </code>
+ <p>An error message from Yecc will be shown if the grammar
+ is not of the LALR type (for example too ambiguous).
+ Shift/reduce conflicts are resolved in favor of shifting if
+ there are no operator precedence declarations. Refer to the
+ <c>yacc</c> documentation on the use of operator precedence.</p>
+ <p>The output file contains Erlang source code for a parser module
+ with module name equal to the <c>Parserfile</c> parameter. After
+ compilation, the parser can be called as follows (the module
+ name is assumed to be <c>myparser</c>):</p>
+ <code type="none">
+myparser:parse(myscanner:scan(Inport)) </code>
+ <p>The call format may be different if a customized prologue file
+ has been included when generating the parser instead of the
+ default file <c>lib/parsetools/include/yeccpre.hrl</c>.</p>
+ <p>With the standard prologue, this call will return either
+ <c>{ok, Result}</c>, where <c>Result</c> is a structure that the
+ Erlang code of the grammar file has built, or <c>{error, {Line_number, Module, Message}}</c> if there was a syntax error
+ in the input.</p>
+ <p><c>Message</c> is something which may be converted into a
+ string by calling <c>Module:format_error(Message)</c>
+ and printed with <c>io:format/3</c>.</p>
+ <note>
+ <p>By default, the parser that was generated will not print out
+ error messages to the screen. The user will have to do this
+ either by printing the returned error messages, or by
+ inserting tests and print instructions in the Erlang code
+ associated with the syntax rules of the grammar file.</p>
+ </note>
+ <p>It is also possible to make the parser ask for more input
+ tokens when needed if the following call format is used:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+myparser:parse_and_scan({Function, Args})
+myparser:parse_and_scan({Mod, Tokenizer, Args}) </code>
+ <p>The tokenizer <c>Function</c> is either a fun or a tuple
+ <c>{Mod, Tokenizer}</c>. The call <c>apply(Function, Args)</c>
+ or <c>apply({Mod, Tokenizer}, Args)</c> is executed whenever a
+ new token is needed. This, for example, makes it possible to
+ parse from a file, token by token.</p>
+ <p>The tokenizer used above has to be implemented so as to return
+ one of the following:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+{ok, Tokens, Endline}
+{eof, Endline}
+{error, Error_description, Endline} </code>
+ <p>This conforms to the format used by the scanner in the Erlang
+ <c>io</c> library module.</p>
+ <p>If <c>{eof, Endline}</c> is returned immediately, the call to
+ <c>parse_and_scan/1</c> returns <c>{ok, eof}</c>. If <c>{eof, Endline}</c> is returned before the parser expects end of input,
+ <c>parse_and_scan/1</c> will, of course, return an error message
+ (see above). Otherwise <c>{ok, Result}</c> is returned.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>More Examples</title>
+ <p>1. A grammar for parsing infix arithmetic expressions into
+ prefix notation, without operator precedence:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+Nonterminals E T F.
+Terminals '+' '*' '(' ')' number.
+Rootsymbol E.
+E -> E '+' T: ['$1', '$2', '$3'].
+E -> T : '$1'.
+T -> T '*' F: ['$1', '$2', '$3'].
+T -> F : '$1'.
+F -> '(' E ')' : '$2'.
+F -> number : '$1'. </code>
+ <p>2. The same with operator precedence becomes simpler:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+Nonterminals E.
+Terminals '+' '*' '(' ')' number.
+Rootsymbol E.
+Left 100 '+'.
+Left 200 '*'.
+E -> E '+' E : ['$1', '$2', '$3'].
+E -> E '*' E : ['$1', '$2', '$3'].
+E -> '(' E ')' : '$2'.
+E -> number : '$1'. </code>
+ <p>3. An overloaded minus operator:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+Nonterminals E uminus.
+Terminals '*' '-' number.
+Rootsymbol E.
+
+Left 100 '-'.
+Left 200 '*'.
+Unary 300 uminus.
+
+E -> E '-' E.
+E -> E '*' E.
+E -> uminus.
+E -> number.
+
+uminus -> '-' E. </code>
+ <p>4. The Yecc grammar that is used for parsing grammar
+ files, including itself:</p>
+ <code type="none">
+Nonterminals
+grammar declaration rule head symbol symbols attached_code
+token tokens.
+Terminals
+atom float integer reserved_symbol reserved_word string char var
+'->' ':' dot.
+Rootsymbol grammar.
+Endsymbol '$end'.
+grammar -> declaration : '$1'.
+grammar -> rule : '$1'.
+declaration -> symbol symbols dot: {'$1', '$2'}.
+rule -> head '->' symbols attached_code dot: {rule, ['$1' | '$3'],
+ '$4'}.
+head -> symbol : '$1'.
+symbols -> symbol : ['$1'].
+symbols -> symbol symbols : ['$1' | '$2'].
+attached_code -> ':' tokens : {erlang_code, '$2'}.
+attached_code -> '$empty' : {erlang_code,
+ [{atom, 0, '$undefined'}]}.
+tokens -> token : ['$1'].
+tokens -> token tokens : ['$1' | '$2'].
+symbol -> var : value_of('$1').
+symbol -> atom : value_of('$1').
+symbol -> integer : value_of('$1').
+symbol -> reserved_word : value_of('$1').
+token -> var : '$1'.
+token -> atom : '$1'.
+token -> float : '$1'.
+token -> integer : '$1'.
+token -> string : '$1'.
+token -> char : '$1'.
+token -> reserved_symbol : {value_of('$1'), line_of('$1')}.
+token -> reserved_word : {value_of('$1'), line_of('$1')}.
+token -> '->' : {'->', line_of('$1')}.
+token -> ':' : {':', line_of('$1')}.
+Erlang code.
+value_of(Token) ->
+ element(3, Token).
+line_of(Token) ->
+ element(2, Token). </code>
+ <note>
+ <p>The symbols <c>'->'</c>, and <c>':'</c> have to be treated in
+ a special way, as they are meta symbols of the grammar
+ notation, as well as terminal symbols of the Yecc
+ grammar.</p>
+ </note>
+ <p>5. The file <c>erl_parse.yrl</c> in the <c>lib/stdlib/src</c>
+ directory contains the grammar for Erlang.</p>
+ <note>
+ <p>Syntactic tests are used in the code associated with some
+ rules, and an error is thrown (and caught by the generated
+ parser to produce an error message) when a test fails. The
+ same effect can be achieved with a call to
+ <c>return_error(Error_line, Message_string)</c>, which is
+ defined in the <c>yeccpre.hrl</c> default header file.</p>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Files</title>
+ <code type="none">
+lib/parsetools/include/yeccpre.hrl </code>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <p>Aho &amp; Johnson: 'LR Parsing', ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 6:2, 1974.</p>
+ </section>
+</erlref>
+