erts: Add microstate accounting

Microstate accounting is a way to track which state the
different threads within ERTS are in. The main usage area
is to pin point performance bottlenecks by checking which
states the threads are in and then from there figuring out
why and where to optimize.

Since checking whether microstate accounting is on or off is
relatively expensive if done in a short loop only a few of the
states are enabled by default and more states can be enabled
through configure.

I've done some benchmarking and the overhead with it turned off
is not noticible and with it on it is a fraction of a percent.
If you enable the extra states, depending on the benchmark,
the ovehead when turned off is about 1% and when turned on
somewhere inbetween 5-15%.

OTP-12345

3 files changed, 360 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/lib/runtime_tools/src/Makefile b/lib/runtime_tools/src/Makefile
index 99b90f9ec5..3b41184f4e 100644
--- a/lib/runtime_tools/src/Makefile
+++ b/lib/runtime_tools/src/Makefile
@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ MODULES= \
 	percept_profile \
 	system_information \
 	observer_backend \
-	ttb_autostart
+	ttb_autostart\
+	msacc
+
 HRL_FILES= ../include/observer_backend.hrl
 
 ERL_FILES= $(MODULES:%=%.erl)
diff --git a/lib/runtime_tools/src/msacc.erl b/lib/runtime_tools/src/msacc.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..612effa5aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/runtime_tools/src/msacc.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+%%
+%% %CopyrightBegin%
+%%
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2014-2015. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+%% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+%% You may obtain a copy of the License at
+%%
+%%     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+%%
+%% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+%% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+%% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+%% See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+%% limitations under the License.
+%%
+%% %CopyrightEnd%
+%%
+
+%%
+%% @doc Microstate accounting utility function
+%%
+%%	This module provides a user interface for analysing
+%%      erlang:statistics(microstate_accounting) data.
+%%
+
+-module(msacc).
+-export([available/0, start/0, start/1, stop/0, reset/0, to_file/1,
+         from_file/1, stats/0, stats/2, print/0, print/1, print/2,
+         print/3]).
+
+-type msacc_data() :: [msacc_data_thread()].
+
+-type msacc_data_thread() :: #{ '$type' => msacc_data,
+                                type => msacc_type(), id => msacc_id(),
+                                counters => msacc_data_counters() }.
+-type msacc_data_counters() :: #{ msacc_state() => non_neg_integer()}.
+
+-type msacc_stats() :: [msacc_stats_thread()].
+-type msacc_stats_thread() :: #{ '$type' => msacc_stats,
+                                 type => msacc_type(), id => msacc_id(),
+                                 system => float(),
+                                 counters => msacc_stats_counters()}.
+-type msacc_stats_counters() :: #{ msacc_state() => #{ thread => float(),
+                                                       system => float()}}.
+
+
+-type msacc_type() :: scheduler | aux | async.
+-type msacc_id() :: non_neg_integer().
+-type msacc_state() :: alloc | aux | bif | busy_wait | check_io |
+                       emulator | ets | gc | gc_fullsweep | nif |
+                       other | port | send | sleep | timers.
+
+-type msacc_print_options() :: #{ system => boolean() }.
+
+-spec available() -> boolean().
+available() ->
+    try
+        [_|_] = erlang:statistics(microstate_accounting),
+        true
+    catch _:_ ->
+            false
+    end.
+
+-spec start() -> boolean().
+start() ->
+    erlang:system_flag(microstate_accounting, true).
+
+-spec stop() -> boolean().
+stop() ->
+    erlang:system_flag(microstate_accounting, false).
+
+-spec reset() -> boolean().
+reset() ->
+    erlang:system_flag(microstate_accounting, reset).
+
+-spec start(Time) -> true when
+      Time :: timeout().
+start(Tmo) ->
+    stop(), reset(), start(),
+    timer:sleep(Tmo),
+    stop().
+
+-spec to_file(Filename) -> ok | {error, file:posix()} when
+      Filename :: file:name_all().
+to_file(Filename) ->
+    file:write_file(Filename, io_lib:format("~p.~n",[stats()])).
+
+-spec from_file(Filename) -> msacc_data() when
+      Filename :: file:name_all().
+from_file(Filename) ->
+    {ok, [Stats]} = file:consult(Filename),
+    Stats.
+
+-spec print() -> ok.
+print() ->
+    print(stats()).
+
+-spec print(DataOrStats) -> ok when
+      DataOrStats :: msacc_data() | msacc_stats().
+print(Stats) ->
+    print(Stats, #{}).
+
+-spec print(DataOrStats, Options) -> ok when
+      DataOrStats :: msacc_data() | msacc_stats(),
+      Options :: msacc_print_options().
+print(Stats, Options) ->
+    print(group_leader(), Stats, Options).
+
+-spec print(FileOrDevice, DataOrStats, Options) -> ok when
+      FileOrDevice :: file:filename() | io:device(),
+      DataOrStats :: msacc_data() | msacc_stats(),
+      Options :: msacc_print_options().
+print(Filename, Stats, Options) when is_list(Filename) ->
+    case file:open(Filename,[write]) of
+        {ok, D} -> print(D, Stats, Options),file:close(D);
+        Error -> Error
+    end;
+print(Device, Stats, Options) ->
+    DefaultOpts = #{ system => false },
+    print_int(Device, Stats, maps:merge(DefaultOpts, Options)).
+print_int(Device, [#{ '$type' := msacc_data, id := _Id }|_] = Stats, Options) ->
+    TypeStats = stats(type, Stats),
+    io:format(Device, "~s", [print_stats_overview(Stats, Options)]),
+    io:format(Device, "~s", [print_stats_header(Stats, Options)]),
+    io:format(Device, "~s", [print_stats_threads(
+                               stats(realtime, Stats), Options)]),
+    io:format(Device, "~s", [print_stats_type(
+                               stats(realtime, TypeStats), Options)]);
+print_int(Device, [#{ '$type' := msacc_data }|_] = Stats, Options) ->
+    io:format(Device, "~s", [print_stats_header(Stats, Options)]),
+    io:format(Device, "~s", [print_stats_type(
+                               stats(realtime, Stats), Options)]);
+print_int(Device, [#{ '$type' := msacc_stats, id := _Id }|_] = Stats,Options) ->
+    io:format(Device, "~s", [print_stats_header(Stats, Options)]),
+    io:format(Device, "~s", [print_stats_threads(Stats, Options)]),
+    io:format(Device, "~s", [print_stats_type(
+                               msacc:stats(type, Stats), Options)]);
+print_int(Device, [#{ '$type' := msacc_stats }|_] = Stats, Options) ->
+    io:format(Device, "~s", [print_stats_header(Stats, Options)]),
+    io:format(Device, "~s", [print_stats_type(Stats, Options)]).
+
+
+-spec stats() -> msacc_data().
+stats() ->
+    Fun = fun F(K,{PerfCount,StateCount}) ->
+                %% Need to handle ERTS_MSACC_STATE_COUNTERS
+                {F(K,PerfCount),StateCount};
+              F(_K,PerfCount) ->
+                erlang:convert_time_unit(PerfCount, perf_counter, 1000000)
+        end,
+    UsStats = lists:map(
+                fun(#{ counters := Cnt } = M) ->
+                        UsCnt = maps:map(Fun,Cnt),
+                        M#{ '$type' => msacc_data, counters := UsCnt }
+                end, erlang:statistics(microstate_accounting)),
+    statssort(UsStats).
+
+-spec stats(Analysis, Stats) -> non_neg_integer() when
+      Analysis :: system_realtime | system_runtime,
+      Stats :: msacc_data();
+           (Analysis, Stats) -> msacc_stats() when
+      Analysis :: realtime | runtime,
+      Stats :: msacc_data();
+           (Analysis, StatsOrData) -> msacc_data() | msacc_stats() when
+      Analysis :: type,
+      StatsOrData :: msacc_data() | msacc_stats().
+stats(system_realtime, Stats) ->
+    lists:foldl(fun(#{ counters := Cnt }, Acc) ->
+                        get_total(Cnt, Acc)
+                end, 0, Stats);
+stats(system_runtime, Stats) ->
+    lists:foldl(fun(#{ counters := Cnt }, Acc) ->
+                        get_total(maps:remove(sleep, Cnt), Acc)
+                end, 0, Stats);
+stats(realtime, Stats) ->
+    RealTime = stats(system_realtime, Stats),
+    statssort([get_thread_perc(Thread, RealTime) || Thread <- Stats]);
+stats(runtime, Stats) ->
+    RunTime = stats(system_runtime, Stats),
+    statssort([get_thread_perc(T#{ counters := maps:remove(sleep,Cnt)}, RunTime)
+                               || T = #{ counters := Cnt } <- Stats]);
+stats(type, Stats) ->
+    statssort(merge_threads(Stats, [])).
+
+print_stats_overview(Stats, _Options) ->
+    RunTime = stats(system_runtime, Stats),
+    RealTime = stats(system_realtime, Stats) div length(Stats),
+    SchedStats = [S || #{ type := scheduler } = S <- Stats],
+    AvgSchedRunTime = stats(system_runtime, SchedStats) div length(SchedStats),
+    NumSize = if
+                  RealTime > RunTime -> length(integer_to_list(RealTime));
+                  true -> length(integer_to_list(RunTime))
+              end,
+    [io_lib:format("Average thread real-time    : ~*B us~n",
+                   [NumSize, RealTime]),
+     io_lib:format("Accumulated system run-time : ~*B us~n",
+                   [NumSize, RunTime]),
+     io_lib:format("Average scheduler run-time  : ~*B us~n",
+                   [NumSize, AvgSchedRunTime]),
+     io_lib:format("~n",[])].
+
+print_stats_threads(Stats, Options) ->
+    [io_lib:format("~nStats per thread:~n", []),
+     [print_thread_info(Thread, Options) || Thread <- Stats]].
+
+print_stats_type(Stats, Options) ->
+    [io_lib:format("~nStats per type:~n", []),
+     [print_thread_info(Thread, Options) || Thread <- Stats]].
+
+
+print_stats_header([#{ counters := Cnt }|_], #{ system := PrintSys }) ->
+    [io_lib:format("~14s", ["Thread"]),
+     map(fun(Counter, _) when PrintSys->
+                 io_lib:format("~9s     ", [atom_to_list(Counter)]);
+            (Counter, _) ->
+                 io_lib:format("~9s", [atom_to_list(Counter)])
+         end, Cnt),
+     io_lib:format("~n",[])].
+
+print_thread_info(#{ '$type' := msacc_stats,
+                     counters := Cnt } = Thread, #{ system := PrintSys }) ->
+    [case maps:find(id, Thread) of
+        error ->
+            io_lib:format("~14s", [atom_to_list(maps:get(type, Thread))]);
+        {ok, Id} ->
+            io_lib:format("~10s(~2B)", [atom_to_list(maps:get(type,Thread)),Id])
+    end,
+    map(fun(_Key, #{ thread := ThreadPerc, system := SystemPerc }) when PrintSys ->
+                io_lib:format("~6.2f%(~4.1f%)", [ThreadPerc, SystemPerc]);
+           (_Key, #{ thread := ThreadPerc }) ->
+                io_lib:format("~8.2f%", [ThreadPerc])
+             end, Cnt),
+    io_lib:format("~n",[])].
+
+get_total(Cnt, Base) ->
+    maps:fold(fun(_, {Val,_}, Time) ->
+                      %% Have to handle ERTS_MSACC_STATE_COUNTERS
+                      Time + Val;
+                 (_, Val, Time) -> Time + Val
+              end, Base, Cnt).
+
+get_thread_perc(#{ '$type' := msacc_data, counters := Cnt } = Thread,
+                SystemTime) ->
+    ThreadTime = get_total(Cnt, 0),
+    Thread#{ '$type' := msacc_stats,
+             system => percentage(ThreadTime,SystemTime),
+             counters => get_thread_perc(Cnt, ThreadTime, SystemTime)}.
+get_thread_perc(Cnt, ThreadTime, SystemTime) ->
+    maps:map(fun F(Key, {Val, C}) ->
+                    M = F(Key, Val),
+                    M#{ cnt => C };
+                 F(_Key, Val) ->
+                    #{ thread => percentage(Val, ThreadTime),
+                       system => percentage(Val, SystemTime) }
+            end, Cnt).
+
+%% This code is a little bit messy as it has to be able to deal with
+%% both [msacc_data()] and [msacc_stats()].
+merge_threads([#{ '$type' := msacc_stats,
+                  type := Type,
+                  counters := Cnt } = M0|R], Acc) ->
+    case keyfind(type, Type, Acc) of
+        false ->
+            merge_threads(R, [maps:remove(id,M0#{ threads => 1 })|Acc]);
+        #{ '$type' := msacc_stats, counters := Cnt0,
+           threads := Threads, system := System } = M ->
+            NewMap = M#{ counters := add_counters(Cnt, Cnt0),
+                         system := System + maps:get(system, M0),
+                         threads := Threads + 1},
+            NewAcc = keyreplace(type, Type, NewMap, Acc),
+            merge_threads(R, NewAcc)
+    end;
+merge_threads([], [#{ '$type' := msacc_stats,
+                      system := System,
+                      threads := Threads,
+                      counters := Cnt} = M0|R]) ->
+    Counters = maps:map(fun(_,#{ thread := Thr } = Map) ->
+                                Map#{ thread := Thr / Threads }
+                        end, Cnt),
+    M = maps:remove(threads, M0),
+    [M#{ system := System, counters := Counters} | merge_threads([],R)];
+merge_threads([], []) ->
+    [];
+%% The clauses below deal with msacc_data()
+merge_threads([#{ '$type' := msacc_data,
+                  type := Type,
+                  counters := Cnt } = M0|R], Acc) ->
+    case keyfind(type, Type, Acc) of
+        false ->
+            merge_threads(R, [maps:remove(id,M0)|Acc]);
+        #{ '$type' := msacc_data, counters := Cnt0 } = M ->
+            NewMap = M#{ counters := add_counters(Cnt, Cnt0) },
+            NewAcc = keyreplace(type, Type, NewMap, Acc),
+            merge_threads(R, NewAcc)
+    end;
+merge_threads([], Acc) ->
+    Acc.
+
+add_counters(M1, M2) ->
+    maps:map(
+      fun(Key, #{ thread := Thr1, system := Sys1, cnt := Cnt1}) ->
+              %% Have to handle ERTS_MSACC_STATE_COUNTERS
+              #{ thread := Thr2, system := Sys2, cnt := Cnt2} = maps:get(Key, M2),
+              #{ thread => Thr1 + Thr2, system => Sys1 + Sys2,
+                 cnt => Cnt1 + Cnt2 };
+         (Key, #{ thread := Thr1, system := Sys1}) ->
+              #{ thread := Thr2, system := Sys2} = maps:get(Key, M2),
+              #{ thread => Thr1 + Thr2, system => Sys1 + Sys2};
+         (Key, {V1,C1}) ->
+              %% Have to handle ERTS_MSACC_STATE_COUNTERS
+              {V2,C2} = maps:get(Key, M2),{V1+V2,C1+C2};
+         (Key, V1) -> maps:get(Key, M2) + V1
+      end, M1).
+
+percentage(Divident, Divisor) ->
+    if Divisor == 0 andalso Divident /= 0 ->
+            100.0;
+        Divisor == 0 ->
+            0.0;
+       true ->
+            Divident / Divisor * 100
+    end.
+
+keyfind(Key, Value, [H|T]) ->
+    case maps:find(Key, H) of
+        {ok, Value} ->
+            H;
+        _ ->
+            keyfind(Key, Value, T)
+    end;
+keyfind(_, _, []) ->
+    false.
+
+keyreplace(Key, Value, NewMap, [H|T]) ->
+    case maps:find(Key, H) of
+        {ok, Value} ->
+            [NewMap|T];
+        _ ->
+            [H|keyreplace(Key, Value, NewMap, T)]
+    end;
+keyreplace(_, _, _, []) ->
+    [].
+
+statssort(Stats) ->
+    lists:sort(fun(#{ type := Type1, id := Id1},
+                   #{ type := Type2, id := Id2}) ->
+                       {Type1, Id1} < {Type2, Id2};
+                  (#{ type := Type1}, #{ type := Type2}) ->
+                       Type1 < Type2
+               end, Stats).
+
+map(Fun,Map) ->
+    [ Fun(K,V) || {K,V} <- maps:to_list(Map) ].
diff --git a/lib/runtime_tools/src/runtime_tools.app.src b/lib/runtime_tools/src/runtime_tools.app.src
index ad10655aa0..aeda103e72 100644
--- a/lib/runtime_tools/src/runtime_tools.app.src
+++ b/lib/runtime_tools/src/runtime_tools.app.src
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
     {vsn,          "%VSN%"},
     {modules,      [appmon_info, dbg,observer_backend,percept_profile,
 		    runtime_tools,runtime_tools_sup,erts_alloc_config,
-		    ttb_autostart,dyntrace,system_information]},
+		    ttb_autostart,dyntrace,system_information,
+                    msacc]},
     {registered,   [runtime_tools_sup]},
     {applications, [kernel, stdlib]},
     {env,          []},