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| author | Erlang/OTP <[email protected]> | 2009-11-20 14:54:40 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Erlang/OTP <[email protected]> | 2009-11-20 14:54:40 +0000 |
| commit | 84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1 (patch) | |
| tree | bff9a9c66adda4df2106dfd0e5c053ab182a12bd /lib/ssh/doc/standard/draft-ietf-secsh-transport-17.2.ps | |
| download | otp-84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1.tar.gz otp-84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1.tar.bz2 otp-84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1.zip | |
The R13B03 release.OTP_R13B03
Diffstat (limited to 'lib/ssh/doc/standard/draft-ietf-secsh-transport-17.2.ps')
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/ssh/doc/standard/draft-ietf-secsh-transport-17.2.ps | 3205 |
1 files changed, 3205 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/lib/ssh/doc/standard/draft-ietf-secsh-transport-17.2.ps b/lib/ssh/doc/standard/draft-ietf-secsh-transport-17.2.ps new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d692285b4e --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/ssh/doc/standard/draft-ietf-secsh-transport-17.2.ps @@ -0,0 +1,3205 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-3.0 +%%BoundingBox: 75 0 595 747 +%%Title: Enscript Output +%%For: Magnus Thoang +%%Creator: GNU enscript 1.6.1 +%%CreationDate: Fri Oct 31 13:35:14 2003 +%%Orientation: Portrait +%%Pages: 15 0 +%%DocumentMedia: A4 595 842 0 () () +%%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) +%%EndComments +%%BeginProlog +%%BeginProcSet: PStoPS 1 15 +userdict begin +[/showpage/erasepage/copypage]{dup where{pop dup load + type/operatortype eq{1 array cvx dup 0 3 index cvx put + bind def}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}forall +[/letter/legal/executivepage/a4/a4small/b5/com10envelope + /monarchenvelope/c5envelope/dlenvelope/lettersmall/note + /folio/quarto/a5]{dup where{dup wcheck{exch{}put} + {pop{}def}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}forall +/setpagedevice {pop}bind 1 index where{dup wcheck{3 1 roll put} + {pop def}ifelse}{def}ifelse +/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix def +/PStoPSxform matrix def/PStoPSclip{clippath}def +/defaultmatrix{PStoPSmatrix exch PStoPSxform exch concatmatrix}bind def +/initmatrix{matrix defaultmatrix setmatrix}bind def +/initclip[{matrix currentmatrix PStoPSmatrix setmatrix + [{currentpoint}stopped{$error/newerror false put{newpath}} + {/newpath cvx 3 1 roll/moveto cvx 4 array astore cvx}ifelse] + {[/newpath cvx{/moveto cvx}{/lineto cvx} + {/curveto cvx}{/closepath cvx}pathforall]cvx exch pop} + stopped{$error/errorname get/invalidaccess eq{cleartomark + $error/newerror false put cvx exec}{stop}ifelse}if}bind aload pop + /initclip dup load dup type dup/operatortype eq{pop exch pop} + {dup/arraytype eq exch/packedarraytype eq or + {dup xcheck{exch pop aload pop}{pop cvx}ifelse} + {pop cvx}ifelse}ifelse + {newpath PStoPSclip clip newpath exec setmatrix} bind aload pop]cvx def +/initgraphics{initmatrix newpath initclip 1 setlinewidth + 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin []0 setdash 0 setgray + 10 setmiterlimit}bind def +end +%%EndProcSet +%%BeginResource: procset Enscript-Prolog 1.6 1 +% +% Procedures. +% + +/_S { % save current state + /_s save def +} def +/_R { % restore from saved state + _s restore +} def + +/S { % showpage protecting gstate + gsave + showpage + grestore +} bind def + +/MF { % fontname newfontname -> - 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+ gsave + /gray exch def + Box gray setgray fill + grestore +} def + +% Column separator lines. +/column_lines { + gsave + .1 setlinewidth + 0 d_footer_h translate + /cw d_output_w cols div def + 1 1 cols 1 sub { + cw mul 0 moveto + 0 d_output_h rlineto stroke + } for + grestore +} def + +% Column borders. +/column_borders { + gsave + .1 setlinewidth + 0 d_footer_h moveto + 0 d_output_h rlineto + d_output_w 0 rlineto + 0 d_output_h neg rlineto + closepath stroke + grestore +} def + +% Do the actual underlay drawing +/draw_underlay { + ul_style 0 eq { + ul_str true charpath stroke + } { + ul_str show + } ifelse +} def + +% Underlay +/underlay { % - -> - + gsave + 0 d_page_h translate + d_page_h neg d_page_w atan rotate + + ul_gray setgray + ul_font setfont + /dw d_page_h dup mul d_page_w dup mul add sqrt def + ul_str stringwidth pop dw exch sub 2 div ul_h_ptsize -2 div moveto + draw_underlay + grestore +} def + +/user_underlay { % - -> - + gsave + ul_x ul_y translate + ul_angle rotate + ul_gray setgray + ul_font setfont + 0 0 ul_h_ptsize 2 div sub moveto + draw_underlay + grestore +} def + +% Page prefeed +/page_prefeed { % bool -> - 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Ylonen) s +5 690 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Communications Security Corp) s +5 679 M +(Expires: March 31, 2004 D. Moffat, Editor, Ed.) s +5 668 M +( Sun Microsystems, Inc) s +5 657 M +( Oct 2003) s +5 624 M +( SSH Transport Layer Protocol) s +5 613 M +( draft-ietf-secsh-transport-17.txt) s +5 591 M +(Status of this Memo) s +5 569 M +( This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with) s +5 558 M +( all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.) s +5 536 M +( Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering) s +5 525 M +( Task Force \(IETF\), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other) s +5 514 M +( groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.) s +5 492 M +( Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months) s +5 481 M +( and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any) s +5 470 M +( time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference) s +5 459 M +( material or to cite them other than as "work in progress.") s +5 437 M +( The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://) s +5 426 M +( www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.) s +5 404 M +( The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at) s +5 393 M +( http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.) s +5 371 M +( This Internet-Draft will expire on March 31, 2004.) s +5 349 M +(Copyright Notice) s +5 327 M +( Copyright \(C\) The Internet Society \(2003\). All Rights Reserved.) s +5 305 M +(Abstract) s +5 283 M +( SSH is a protocol for secure remote login and other secure network) s +5 272 M +( services over an insecure network.) s +5 250 M +( This document describes the SSH transport layer protocol which) s +5 239 M +( typically runs on top of TCP/IP. The protocol can be used as a basis) s +5 228 M +( for a number of secure network services. It provides strong) s +5 217 M +( encryption, server authentication, and integrity protection. It may) s +5 206 M +( also provide compression.) s +5 184 M +( Key exchange method, public key algorithm, symmetric encryption) s +5 173 M +( algorithm, message authentication algorithm, and hash algorithm are) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 1]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 2 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( all negotiated.) s +5 668 M +( This document also describes the Diffie-Hellman key exchange method) s +5 657 M +( and the minimal set of algorithms that are needed to implement the) s +5 646 M +( SSH transport layer protocol.) s +5 624 M +(Table of Contents) s +5 602 M +( 1. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3) s +5 591 M +( 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3) s +5 580 M +( 3. Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3) s +5 569 M +( 4. Connection Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3) s +5 558 M +( 4.1 Use over TCP/IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4) s +5 547 M +( 4.2 Protocol Version Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4) s +5 536 M +( 4.3 Compatibility With Old SSH Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . 4) s +5 525 M +( 4.3.1 Old Client, New Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5) s +5 514 M +( 4.3.2 New Client, Old Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5) s +5 503 M +( 5. Binary Packet Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5) s +5 492 M +( 5.1 Maximum Packet Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6) s +5 481 M +( 5.2 Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7) s +5 470 M +( 5.3 Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7) s +5 459 M +( 5.4 Data Integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9) s +5 448 M +( 5.5 Key Exchange Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10) s +5 437 M +( 5.6 Public Key Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11) s +5 426 M +( 6. Key Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13) s +5 415 M +( 6.1 Algorithm Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13) s +5 404 M +( 6.2 Output from Key Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16) s +5 393 M +( 6.3 Taking Keys Into Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17) s +5 382 M +( 7. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18) s +5 371 M +( 7.1 diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19) s +5 360 M +( 8. Key Re-Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20) s +5 349 M +( 9. Service Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21) s +5 338 M +( 10. Additional Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21) s +5 327 M +( 10.1 Disconnection Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22) s +5 316 M +( 10.2 Ignored Data Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22) s +5 305 M +( 10.3 Debug Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23) s +5 294 M +( 10.4 Reserved Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23) s +5 283 M +( 11. Summary of Message Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23) s +5 272 M +( 12. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24) s +5 261 M +( 13. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24) s +5 250 M +( 14. Intellectual Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24) s +5 239 M +( 15. Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24) s +5 228 M +( Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26) s +5 217 M +( Normative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25) s +5 206 M +( Informative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25) s +5 195 M +( A. Contibutors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27) s +5 184 M +( Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . 28) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 2]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +%%Page: (2,3) 2 +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 0.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 3 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +(1. Contributors) s +5 668 M +( The major original contributors of this document were: Tatu Ylonen,) s +5 657 M +( Tero Kivinen, Timo J. Rinne, Sami Lehtinen \(all of SSH Communications) s +5 646 M +( Security Corp\), and Markku-Juhani O. Saarinen \(University of) s +5 635 M +( Jyvaskyla\)) s +5 613 M +( The document editor is: [email protected]. Comments on this) s +5 602 M +( internet draft should be sent to the IETF SECSH working group,) s +5 591 M +( details at: http://ietf.org/html.charters/secsh-charter.html) s +5 569 M +(2. Introduction) s +5 547 M +( The SSH transport layer is a secure low level transport protocol. It) s +5 536 M +( provides strong encryption, cryptographic host authentication, and) s +5 525 M +( integrity protection.) s +5 503 M +( Authentication in this protocol level is host-based; this protocol) s +5 492 M +( does not perform user authentication. A higher level protocol for) s +5 481 M +( user authentication can be designed on top of this protocol.) s +5 459 M +( The protocol has been designed to be simple, flexible, to allow) s +5 448 M +( parameter negotiation, and to minimize the number of round-trips.) s +5 437 M +( Key exchange method, public key algorithm, symmetric encryption) s +5 426 M +( algorithm, message authentication algorithm, and hash algorithm are) s +5 415 M +( all negotiated. It is expected that in most environments, only 2) s +5 404 M +( round-trips will be needed for full key exchange, server) s +5 393 M +( authentication, service request, and acceptance notification of) s +5 382 M +( service request. The worst case is 3 round-trips.) s +5 360 M +(3. Conventions Used in This Document) s +5 338 M +( The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT",) s +5 327 M +( and "MAY" that appear in this document are to be interpreted as) s +5 316 M +( described in [RFC2119].) s +5 294 M +( The used data types and terminology are specified in the architecture) s +5 283 M +( document [SSH-ARCH].) s +5 261 M +( The architecture document also discusses the algorithm naming) s +5 250 M +( conventions that MUST be used with the SSH protocols.) s +5 228 M +(4. Connection Setup) s +5 206 M +( SSH works over any 8-bit clean, binary-transparent transport. The) s +5 195 M +( underlying transport SHOULD protect against transmission errors as) s +5 184 M +( such errors cause the SSH connection to terminate.) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 3]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 4 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( The client initiates the connection.) s +5 668 M +(4.1 Use over TCP/IP) s +5 646 M +( When used over TCP/IP, the server normally listens for connections on) s +5 635 M +( port 22. This port number has been registered with the IANA, and has) s +5 624 M +( been officially assigned for SSH.) s +5 602 M +(4.2 Protocol Version Exchange) s +5 580 M +( When the connection has been established, both sides MUST send an) s +5 569 M +( identification string of the form "SSH-protoversion-softwareversion) s +5 558 M +( comments", followed by carriage return and newline characters \(ASCII) s +5 547 M +( 13 and 10, respectively\). Both sides MUST be able to process) s +5 536 M +( identification strings without carriage return character. No null) s +5 525 M +( character is sent. The maximum length of the string is 255) s +5 514 M +( characters, including the carriage return and newline.) s +5 492 M +( The part of the identification string preceding carriage return and) s +5 481 M +( newline is used in the Diffie-Hellman key exchange \(see Section) s +5 470 M +( Section 7\).) s +5 448 M +( The server MAY send other lines of data before sending the version) s +5 437 M +( string. Each line SHOULD be terminated by a carriage return and) s +5 426 M +( newline. Such lines MUST NOT begin with "SSH-", and SHOULD be) s +5 415 M +( encoded in ISO-10646 UTF-8 [RFC2279] \(language is not specified\).) s +5 404 M +( Clients MUST be able to process such lines; they MAY be silently) s +5 393 M +( ignored, or MAY be displayed to the client user; if they are) s +5 382 M +( displayed, control character filtering discussed in [SSH-ARCH] SHOULD) s +5 371 M +( be used. The primary use of this feature is to allow TCP-wrappers to) s +5 360 M +( display an error message before disconnecting.) s +5 338 M +( Version strings MUST consist of printable US-ASCII characters, not) s +5 327 M +( including whitespaces or a minus sign \(-\). The version string is) s +5 316 M +( primarily used to trigger compatibility extensions and to indicate) s +5 305 M +( the capabilities of an implementation. The comment string should) s +5 294 M +( contain additional information that might be useful in solving user) s +5 283 M +( problems.) s +5 261 M +( The protocol version described in this document is 2.0.) s +5 239 M +( Key exchange will begin immediately after sending this identifier.) s +5 228 M +( All packets following the identification string SHALL use the binary) s +5 217 M +( packet protocol, to be described below.) s +5 195 M +(4.3 Compatibility With Old SSH Versions) s +5 173 M +( During the transition period, it is important to be able to work in a) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 4]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +%%Page: (4,5) 3 +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 0.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 5 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( way that is compatible with the installed SSH clients and servers) s +5 679 M +( that use an older version of the protocol. Information in this) s +5 668 M +( section is only relevant for implementations supporting compatibility) s +5 657 M +( with SSH versions 1.x. There is no standards track or informational) s +5 646 M +( draft available that defines the SSH 1.x protocol. The only known) s +5 635 M +( documentation of the 1.x protocol is contained in README files that) s +5 624 M +( are shipped along with the source code.) s +5 602 M +(4.3.1 Old Client, New Server) s +5 580 M +( Server implementations MAY support a configurable "compatibility") s +5 569 M +( flag that enables compatibility with old versions. When this flag is) s +5 558 M +( on, the server SHOULD identify its protocol version as "1.99".) s +5 547 M +( Clients using protocol 2.0 MUST be able to identify this as identical) s +5 536 M +( to "2.0". In this mode the server SHOULD NOT send the carriage) s +5 525 M +( return character \(ASCII 13\) after the version identification string.) s +5 503 M +( In the compatibility mode the server SHOULD NOT send any further data) s +5 492 M +( after its initialization string until it has received an) s +5 481 M +( identification string from the client. The server can then determine) s +5 470 M +( whether the client is using an old protocol, and can revert to the) s +5 459 M +( old protocol if required. In the compatibility mode, the server MUST) s +5 448 M +( NOT send additional data before the version string.) s +5 426 M +( When compatibility with old clients is not needed, the server MAY) s +5 415 M +( send its initial key exchange data immediately after the) s +5 404 M +( identification string.) s +5 382 M +(4.3.2 New Client, Old Server) s +5 360 M +( Since the new client MAY immediately send additional data after its) s +5 349 M +( identification string \(before receiving server's identification\), the) s +5 338 M +( old protocol may already have been corrupted when the client learns) s +5 327 M +( that the server is old. When this happens, the client SHOULD close) s +5 316 M +( the connection to the server, and reconnect using the old protocol.) s +5 294 M +(5. Binary Packet Protocol) s +5 272 M +( Each packet is in the following format:) s +5 250 M +( uint32 packet_length) s +5 239 M +( byte padding_length) s +5 228 M +( byte[n1] payload; n1 = packet_length - padding_length - 1) s +5 217 M +( byte[n2] random padding; n2 = padding_length) s +5 206 M +( byte[m] mac \(message authentication code\); m = mac_length) s +5 184 M +( packet_length) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 5]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 6 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( The length of the packet \(bytes\), not including MAC or the) s +5 679 M +( packet_length field itself.) s +5 657 M +( padding_length) s +5 646 M +( Length of padding \(bytes\).) s +5 624 M +( payload) s +5 613 M +( The useful contents of the packet. If compression has been) s +5 602 M +( negotiated, this field is compressed. Initially, compression) s +5 591 M +( MUST be "none".) s +5 569 M +( random padding) s +5 558 M +( Arbitrary-length padding, such that the total length of) s +5 547 M +( \(packet_length || padding_length || payload || padding\) is a) s +5 536 M +( multiple of the cipher block size or 8, whichever is larger.) s +5 525 M +( There MUST be at least four bytes of padding. The padding) s +5 514 M +( SHOULD consist of random bytes. The maximum amount of padding) s +5 503 M +( is 255 bytes.) s +5 481 M +( mac) s +5 470 M +( Message authentication code. If message authentication has) s +5 459 M +( been negotiated, this field contains the MAC bytes. Initially,) s +5 448 M +( the MAC algorithm MUST be "none".) s +5 415 M +( Note that length of the concatenation of packet length, padding) s +5 404 M +( length, payload, and padding MUST be a multiple of the cipher block) s +5 393 M +( size or 8, whichever is larger. This constraint MUST be enforced) s +5 382 M +( even when using stream ciphers. Note that the packet length field is) s +5 371 M +( also encrypted, and processing it requires special care when sending) s +5 360 M +( or receiving packets.) s +5 338 M +( The minimum size of a packet is 16 \(or the cipher block size,) s +5 327 M +( whichever is larger\) bytes \(plus MAC\); implementations SHOULD decrypt) s +5 316 M +( the length after receiving the first 8 \(or cipher block size,) s +5 305 M +( whichever is larger\) bytes of a packet.) s +5 283 M +(5.1 Maximum Packet Length) s +5 261 M +( All implementations MUST be able to process packets with uncompressed) s +5 250 M +( payload length of 32768 bytes or less and total packet size of 35000) s +5 239 M +( bytes or less \(including length, padding length, payload, padding,) s +5 228 M +( and MAC.\). The maximum of 35000 bytes is an arbitrary chosen value) s +5 217 M +( larger than uncompressed size. Implementations SHOULD support longer) s +5 206 M +( packets, where they might be needed, e.g. if an implementation wants) s +5 195 M +( to send a very large number of certificates. Such packets MAY be) s +5 184 M +( sent if the version string indicates that the other party is able to) s +5 173 M +( process them. However, implementations SHOULD check that the packet) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 6]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +%%Page: (6,7) 4 +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 0.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 7 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( length is reasonable for the implementation to avoid) s +5 679 M +( denial-of-service and/or buffer overflow attacks.) s +5 657 M +(5.2 Compression) s +5 635 M +( If compression has been negotiated, the payload field \(and only it\)) s +5 624 M +( will be compressed using the negotiated algorithm. The length field) s +5 613 M +( and MAC will be computed from the compressed payload. Encryption will) s +5 602 M +( be done after compression.) s +5 580 M +( Compression MAY be stateful, depending on the method. Compression) s +5 569 M +( MUST be independent for each direction, and implementations MUST) s +5 558 M +( allow independently choosing the algorithm for each direction.) s +5 536 M +( The following compression methods are currently defined:) s +5 514 M +( none REQUIRED no compression) s +5 503 M +( zlib OPTIONAL ZLIB \(LZ77\) compression) s +5 481 M +( The "zlib" compression is described in [RFC1950] and in [RFC1951].) s +5 470 M +( The compression context is initialized after each key exchange, and) s +5 459 M +( is passed from one packet to the next with only a partial flush being) s +5 448 M +( performed at the end of each packet. A partial flush means that the) s +5 437 M +( current compressed block is ended and all data will be output. If the) s +5 426 M +( current block is not a stored block, one or more empty blocks are) s +5 415 M +( added after the current block to ensure that there are at least 8) s +5 404 M +( bits counting from the start of the end-of-block code of the current) s +5 393 M +( block to the end of the packet payload.) s +5 371 M +( Additional methods may be defined as specified in [SSH-ARCH].) s +5 349 M +(5.3 Encryption) s +5 327 M +( An encryption algorithm and a key will be negotiated during the key) s +5 316 M +( exchange. When encryption is in effect, the packet length, padding) s +5 305 M +( length, payload and padding fields of each packet MUST be encrypted) s +5 294 M +( with the given algorithm.) s +5 272 M +( The encrypted data in all packets sent in one direction SHOULD be) s +5 261 M +( considered a single data stream. For example, initialization vectors) s +5 250 M +( SHOULD be passed from the end of one packet to the beginning of the) s +5 239 M +( next packet. All ciphers SHOULD use keys with an effective key length) s +5 228 M +( of 128 bits or more.) s +5 206 M +( The ciphers in each direction MUST run independently of each other,) s +5 195 M +( and implementations MUST allow independently choosing the algorithm) s +5 184 M +( for each direction \(if multiple algorithms are allowed by local) s +5 173 M +( policy\).) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 7]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 8 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( The following ciphers are currently defined:) s +5 668 M +( 3des-cbc REQUIRED three-key 3DES in CBC mode) s +5 657 M +( blowfish-cbc OPTIONALi Blowfish in CBC mode) s +5 646 M +( twofish256-cbc OPTIONAL Twofish in CBC mode,) s +5 635 M +( with 256-bit key) s +5 624 M +( twofish-cbc OPTIONAL alias for "twofish256-cbc" \(this) s +5 613 M +( is being retained for) s +5 602 M +( historical reasons\)) s +5 591 M +( twofish192-cbc OPTIONAL Twofish with 192-bit key) s +5 580 M +( twofish128-cbc OPTIONAL Twofish with 128-bit key) s +5 569 M +( aes256-cbc OPTIONAL AES \(Rijndael\) in CBC mode,) s +5 558 M +( with 256-bit key) s +5 547 M +( aes192-cbc OPTIONAL AES with 192-bit key) s +5 536 M +( aes128-cbc RECOMMENDED AES with 128-bit key) s +5 525 M +( serpent256-cbc OPTIONAL Serpent in CBC mode, with) s +5 514 M +( 256-bit key) s +5 503 M +( serpent192-cbc OPTIONAL Serpent with 192-bit key) s +5 492 M +( serpent128-cbc OPTIONAL Serpent with 128-bit key) s +5 481 M +( arcfour OPTIONAL the ARCFOUR stream cipher) s +5 470 M +( idea-cbc OPTIONAL IDEA in CBC mode) s +5 459 M +( cast128-cbc OPTIONAL CAST-128 in CBC mode) s +5 448 M +( none OPTIONAL no encryption; NOT RECOMMENDED) s +5 426 M +( The "3des-cbc" cipher is three-key triple-DES) s +5 415 M +( \(encrypt-decrypt-encrypt\), where the first 8 bytes of the key are) s +5 404 M +( used for the first encryption, the next 8 bytes for the decryption,) s +5 393 M +( and the following 8 bytes for the final encryption. This requires 24) s +5 382 M +( bytes of key data \(of which 168 bits are actually used\). To) s +5 371 M +( implement CBC mode, outer chaining MUST be used \(i.e., there is only) s +5 360 M +( one initialization vector\). This is a block cipher with 8 byte) s +5 349 M +( blocks. This algorithm is defined in [FIPS-46-3]) s +5 327 M +( The "blowfish-cbc" cipher is Blowfish in CBC mode, with 128 bit keys) s +5 316 M +( [SCHNEIER]. This is a block cipher with 8 byte blocks.) s +5 294 M +( The "twofish-cbc" or "twofish256-cbc" cipher is Twofish in CBC mode,) s +5 283 M +( with 256 bit keys as described [TWOFISH]. This is a block cipher with) s +5 272 M +( 16 byte blocks.) s +5 250 M +( The "twofish192-cbc" cipher. Same as above but with 192-bit key.) s +5 228 M +( The "twofish128-cbc" cipher. Same as above but with 128-bit key.) s +5 206 M +( The "aes256-cbc" cipher is AES \(Advanced Encryption Standard\)) s +5 195 M +( [FIPS-197], formerly Rijndael, in CBC mode. This version uses 256-bit) s +5 184 M +( key.) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 8]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +%%Page: (8,9) 5 +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 0.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 9 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( The "aes192-cbc" cipher. Same as above but with 192-bit key.) s +5 668 M +( The "aes128-cbc" cipher. Same as above but with 128-bit key.) s +5 646 M +( The "serpent256-cbc" cipher in CBC mode, with 256-bit key as) s +5 635 M +( described in the Serpent AES submission.) s +5 613 M +( The "serpent192-cbc" cipher. Same as above but with 192-bit key.) s +5 591 M +( The "serpent128-cbc" cipher. Same as above but with 128-bit key.) s +5 569 M +( The "arcfour" is the Arcfour stream cipher with 128 bit keys. The) s +5 558 M +( Arcfour cipher is believed to be compatible with the RC4 cipher) s +5 547 M +( [SCHNEIER]. RC4 is a registered trademark of RSA Data Security Inc.) s +5 536 M +( Arcfour \(and RC4\) has problems with weak keys, and should be used) s +5 525 M +( with caution.) s +5 503 M +( The "idea-cbc" cipher is the IDEA cipher in CBC mode [SCHNEIER].) s +5 481 M +( The "cast128-cbc" cipher is the CAST-128 cipher in CBC mode) s +5 470 M +( [RFC2144].) s +5 448 M +( The "none" algorithm specifies that no encryption is to be done.) s +5 437 M +( Note that this method provides no confidentiality protection, and it) s +5 426 M +( is not recommended. Some functionality \(e.g. password) s +5 415 M +( authentication\) may be disabled for security reasons if this cipher) s +5 404 M +( is chosen.) s +5 382 M +( Additional methods may be defined as specified in [SSH-ARCH].) s +5 360 M +(5.4 Data Integrity) s +5 338 M +( Data integrity is protected by including with each packet a message) s +5 327 M +( authentication code \(MAC\) that is computed from a shared secret,) s +5 316 M +( packet sequence number, and the contents of the packet.) s +5 294 M +( The message authentication algorithm and key are negotiated during) s +5 283 M +( key exchange. Initially, no MAC will be in effect, and its length) s +5 272 M +( MUST be zero. After key exchange, the selected MAC will be computed) s +5 261 M +( before encryption from the concatenation of packet data:) s +5 239 M +( mac = MAC\(key, sequence_number || unencrypted_packet\)) s +5 217 M +( where unencrypted_packet is the entire packet without MAC \(the length) s +5 206 M +( fields, payload and padding\), and sequence_number is an implicit) s +5 195 M +( packet sequence number represented as uint32. The sequence number is) s +5 184 M +( initialized to zero for the first packet, and is incremented after) s +5 173 M +( every packet \(regardless of whether encryption or MAC is in use\). It) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 9]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 10 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( is never reset, even if keys/algorithms are renegotiated later. It) s +5 679 M +( wraps around to zero after every 2^32 packets. The packet sequence) s +5 668 M +( number itself is not included in the packet sent over the wire.) s +5 646 M +( The MAC algorithms for each direction MUST run independently, and) s +5 635 M +( implementations MUST allow choosing the algorithm independently for) s +5 624 M +( both directions.) s +5 602 M +( The MAC bytes resulting from the MAC algorithm MUST be transmitted) s +5 591 M +( without encryption as the last part of the packet. The number of MAC) s +5 580 M +( bytes depends on the algorithm chosen.) s +5 558 M +( The following MAC algorithms are currently defined:) s +5 536 M +( hmac-sha1 REQUIRED HMAC-SHA1 \(digest length = key) s +5 525 M +( length = 20\)) s +5 514 M +( hmac-sha1-96 RECOMMENDED first 96 bits of HMAC-SHA1 \(digest) s +5 503 M +( length = 12, key length = 20\)) s +5 492 M +( hmac-md5 OPTIONAL HMAC-MD5 \(digest length = key) s +5 481 M +( length = 16\)) s +5 470 M +( hmac-md5-96 OPTIONAL first 96 bits of HMAC-MD5 \(digest) s +5 459 M +( length = 12, key length = 16\)) s +5 448 M +( none OPTIONAL no MAC; NOT RECOMMENDED) s +5 426 M +( Figure 1) s +5 404 M +( The "hmac-*" algorithms are described in [RFC2104] The "*-n" MACs use) s +5 393 M +( only the first n bits of the resulting value.) s +5 371 M +( The hash algorithms are described in [SCHNEIER].) s +5 349 M +( Additional methods may be defined as specified in [SSH-ARCH].) s +5 327 M +(5.5 Key Exchange Methods) s +5 305 M +( The key exchange method specifies how one-time session keys are) s +5 294 M +( generated for encryption and for authentication, and how the server) s +5 283 M +( authentication is done.) s +5 261 M +( Only one REQUIRED key exchange method has been defined:) s +5 239 M +( diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 REQUIRED) s +5 217 M +( This method is described later in this document.) s +5 195 M +( Additional methods may be defined as specified in [SSH-ARCH].) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 10]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +%%Page: (10,11) 6 +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 0.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 11 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +(5.6 Public Key Algorithms) s +5 668 M +( This protocol has been designed to be able to operate with almost any) s +5 657 M +( public key format, encoding, and algorithm \(signature and/or) s +5 646 M +( encryption\).) s +5 624 M +( There are several aspects that define a public key type:) s +5 613 M +( o Key format: how is the key encoded and how are certificates) s +5 602 M +( represented. The key blobs in this protocol MAY contain) s +5 591 M +( certificates in addition to keys.) s +5 580 M +( o Signature and/or encryption algorithms. Some key types may not) s +5 569 M +( support both signing and encryption. Key usage may also be) s +5 558 M +( restricted by policy statements in e.g. certificates. In this) s +5 547 M +( case, different key types SHOULD be defined for the different) s +5 536 M +( policy alternatives.) s +5 525 M +( o Encoding of signatures and/or encrypted data. This includes but is) s +5 514 M +( not limited to padding, byte order, and data formats.) s +5 492 M +( The following public key and/or certificate formats are currently defined:) s +5 470 M +( ssh-dss REQUIRED sign Raw DSS Key) s +5 459 M +( ssh-rsa RECOMMENDED sign Raw RSA Key) s +5 448 M +( x509v3-sign-rsa OPTIONAL sign X.509 certificates \(RSA key\)) s +5 437 M +( x509v3-sign-dss OPTIONAL sign X.509 certificates \(DSS key\)) s +5 426 M +( spki-sign-rsa OPTIONAL sign SPKI certificates \(RSA key\)) s +5 415 M +( spki-sign-dss OPTIONAL sign SPKI certificates \(DSS key\)) s +5 404 M +( pgp-sign-rsa OPTIONAL sign OpenPGP certificates \(RSA key\)) s +5 393 M +( pgp-sign-dss OPTIONAL sign OpenPGP certificates \(DSS key\)) s +5 371 M +( Additional key types may be defined as specified in [SSH-ARCH].) s +5 349 M +( The key type MUST always be explicitly known \(from algorithm) s +5 338 M +( negotiation or some other source\). It is not normally included in) s +5 327 M +( the key blob.) s +5 305 M +( Certificates and public keys are encoded as follows:) s +5 283 M +( string certificate or public key format identifier) s +5 272 M +( byte[n] key/certificate data) s +5 250 M +( The certificate part may have be a zero length string, but a public) s +5 239 M +( key is required. This is the public key that will be used for) s +5 228 M +( authentication; the certificate sequence contained in the certificate) s +5 217 M +( blob can be used to provide authorization.) s +5 195 M +( Public key / certifcate formats that do not explicitly specify a) s +5 184 M +( signature format identifier MUST use the public key / certificate) s +5 173 M +( format identifier as the signature identifier.) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 11]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 12 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( Signatures are encoded as follows:) s +5 679 M +( string signature format identifier \(as specified by the) s +5 668 M +( public key / cert format\)) s +5 657 M +( byte[n] signature blob in format specific encoding.) s +5 624 M +( The "ssh-dss" key format has the following specific encoding:) s +5 602 M +( string "ssh-dss") s +5 591 M +( mpint p) s +5 580 M +( mpint q) s +5 569 M +( mpint g) s +5 558 M +( mpint y) s +5 536 M +( Here the p, q, g, and y parameters form the signature key blob.) s +5 514 M +( Signing and verifying using this key format is done according to the) s +5 503 M +( Digital Signature Standard [FIPS-186] using the SHA-1 hash. A) s +5 492 M +( description can also be found in [SCHNEIER].) s +5 470 M +( The resulting signature is encoded as follows:) s +5 448 M +( string "ssh-dss") s +5 437 M +( string dss_signature_blob) s +5 415 M +( dss_signature_blob is encoded as a string containing r followed by s) s +5 404 M +( \(which are 160 bits long integers, without lengths or padding,) s +5 393 M +( unsigned and in network byte order\).) s +5 371 M +( The "ssh-rsa" key format has the following specific encoding:) s +5 349 M +( string "ssh-rsa") s +5 338 M +( mpint e) s +5 327 M +( mpint n) s +5 305 M +( Here the e and n parameters form the signature key blob.) s +5 283 M +( Signing and verifying using this key format is done according to) s +5 272 M +( [SCHNEIER] and [PKCS1] using the SHA-1 hash.) s +5 250 M +( The resulting signature is encoded as follows:) s +5 228 M +( string "ssh-rsa") s +5 217 M +( string rsa_signature_blob) s +5 195 M +( rsa_signature_blob is encoded as a string containing s \(which is an) s +5 184 M +( integer, without lengths or padding, unsigned and in network byte) s +5 173 M +( order\).) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 12]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +%%Page: (12,13) 7 +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 0.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 13 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( The "spki-sign-rsa" method indicates that the certificate blob) s +5 679 M +( contains a sequence of SPKI certificates. The format of SPKI) s +5 668 M +( certificates is described in [RFC2693]. This method indicates that) s +5 657 M +( the key \(or one of the keys in the certificate\) is an RSA-key.) s +5 635 M +( The "spki-sign-dss". As above, but indicates that the key \(or one of) s +5 624 M +( the keys in the certificate\) is a DSS-key.) s +5 602 M +( The "pgp-sign-rsa" method indicates the certificates, the public key,) s +5 591 M +( and the signature are in OpenPGP compatible binary format) s +5 580 M +( \([RFC2440]\). This method indicates that the key is an RSA-key.) s +5 558 M +( The "pgp-sign-dss". As above, but indicates that the key is a) s +5 547 M +( DSS-key.) s +5 525 M +(6. Key Exchange) s +5 503 M +( Key exchange begins by each side sending lists of supported) s +5 492 M +( algorithms. Each side has a preferred algorithm in each category, and) s +5 481 M +( it is assumed that most implementations at any given time will use) s +5 470 M +( the same preferred algorithm. Each side MAY guess which algorithm) s +5 459 M +( the other side is using, and MAY send an initial key exchange packet) s +5 448 M +( according to the algorithm if appropriate for the preferred method.) s +5 426 M +( Guess is considered wrong, if:) s +5 415 M +( o the kex algorithm and/or the host key algorithm is guessed wrong) s +5 404 M +( \(server and client have different preferred algorithm\), or) s +5 393 M +( o if any of the other algorithms cannot be agreed upon \(the) s +5 382 M +( procedure is defined below in Section Section 6.1\).) s +5 360 M +( Otherwise, the guess is considered to be right and the optimistically) s +5 349 M +( sent packet MUST be handled as the first key exchange packet.) s +5 327 M +( However, if the guess was wrong, and a packet was optimistically sent) s +5 316 M +( by one or both parties, such packets MUST be ignored \(even if the) s +5 305 M +( error in the guess would not affect the contents of the initial) s +5 294 M +( packet\(s\)\), and the appropriate side MUST send the correct initial) s +5 283 M +( packet.) s +5 261 M +( Server authentication in the key exchange MAY be implicit. After a) s +5 250 M +( key exchange with implicit server authentication, the client MUST) s +5 239 M +( wait for response to its service request message before sending any) s +5 228 M +( further data.) s +5 206 M +(6.1 Algorithm Negotiation) s +5 184 M +( Key exchange begins by each side sending the following packet:) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 13]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 14 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( byte SSH_MSG_KEXINIT) s +5 679 M +( byte[16] cookie \(random bytes\)) s +5 668 M +( string kex_algorithms) s +5 657 M +( string server_host_key_algorithms) s +5 646 M +( string encryption_algorithms_client_to_server) s +5 635 M +( string encryption_algorithms_server_to_client) s +5 624 M +( string mac_algorithms_client_to_server) s +5 613 M +( string mac_algorithms_server_to_client) s +5 602 M +( string compression_algorithms_client_to_server) s +5 591 M +( string compression_algorithms_server_to_client) s +5 580 M +( string languages_client_to_server) s +5 569 M +( string languages_server_to_client) s +5 558 M +( boolean first_kex_packet_follows) s +5 547 M +( uint32 0 \(reserved for future extension\)) s +5 525 M +( Each of the algorithm strings MUST be a comma-separated list of) s +5 514 M +( algorithm names \(see ''Algorithm Naming'' in [SSH-ARCH]\). Each) s +5 503 M +( supported \(allowed\) algorithm MUST be listed in order of preference.) s +5 481 M +( The first algorithm in each list MUST be the preferred \(guessed\)) s +5 470 M +( algorithm. Each string MUST contain at least one algorithm name.) s +5 437 M +( cookie) s +5 426 M +( The cookie MUST be a random value generated by the sender. Its) s +5 415 M +( purpose is to make it impossible for either side to fully) s +5 404 M +( determine the keys and the session identifier.) s +5 382 M +( kex_algorithms) s +5 371 M +( Key exchange algorithms were defined above. The first) s +5 360 M +( algorithm MUST be the preferred \(and guessed\) algorithm. If) s +5 349 M +( both sides make the same guess, that algorithm MUST be used.) s +5 338 M +( Otherwise, the following algorithm MUST be used to choose a key) s +5 327 M +( exchange method: iterate over client's kex algorithms, one at a) s +5 316 M +( time. Choose the first algorithm that satisfies the following) s +5 305 M +( conditions:) s +5 294 M +( + the server also supports the algorithm,) s +5 283 M +( + if the algorithm requires an encryption-capable host key,) s +5 272 M +( there is an encryption-capable algorithm on the server's) s +5 261 M +( server_host_key_algorithms that is also supported by the) s +5 250 M +( client, and) s +5 239 M +( + if the algorithm requires a signature-capable host key,) s +5 228 M +( there is a signature-capable algorithm on the server's) s +5 217 M +( server_host_key_algorithms that is also supported by the) s +5 206 M +( client.) s +5 195 M +( + If no algorithm satisfying all these conditions can be) s +5 184 M +( found, the connection fails, and both sides MUST disconnect.) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 14]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +%%Page: (14,15) 8 +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 0.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 15 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( server_host_key_algorithms) s +5 679 M +( List of the algorithms supported for the server host key. The) s +5 668 M +( server lists the algorithms for which it has host keys; the) s +5 657 M +( client lists the algorithms that it is willing to accept.) s +5 646 M +( \(There MAY be multiple host keys for a host, possibly with) s +5 635 M +( different algorithms.\)) s +5 613 M +( Some host keys may not support both signatures and encryption) s +5 602 M +( \(this can be determined from the algorithm\), and thus not all) s +5 591 M +( host keys are valid for all key exchange methods.) s +5 569 M +( Algorithm selection depends on whether the chosen key exchange) s +5 558 M +( algorithm requires a signature or encryption capable host key.) s +5 547 M +( It MUST be possible to determine this from the public key) s +5 536 M +( algorithm name. The first algorithm on the client's list that) s +5 525 M +( satisfies the requirements and is also supported by the server) s +5 514 M +( MUST be chosen. If there is no such algorithm, both sides MUST) s +5 503 M +( disconnect.) s +5 481 M +( encryption_algorithms) s +5 470 M +( Lists the acceptable symmetric encryption algorithms in order) s +5 459 M +( of preference. The chosen encryption algorithm to each) s +5 448 M +( direction MUST be the first algorithm on the client's list) s +5 437 M +( that is also on the server's list. If there is no such) s +5 426 M +( algorithm, both sides MUST disconnect.) s +5 404 M +( Note that "none" must be explicitly listed if it is to be) s +5 393 M +( acceptable. The defined algorithm names are listed in Section) s +5 382 M +( Section 5.3.) s +5 360 M +( mac_algorithms) s +5 349 M +( Lists the acceptable MAC algorithms in order of preference.) s +5 338 M +( The chosen MAC algorithm MUST be the first algorithm on the) s +5 327 M +( client's list that is also on the server's list. If there is) s +5 316 M +( no such algorithm, both sides MUST disconnect.) s +5 294 M +( Note that "none" must be explicitly listed if it is to be) s +5 283 M +( acceptable. The MAC algorithm names are listed in Section) s +5 272 M +( Figure 1.) s +5 250 M +( compression_algorithms) s +5 239 M +( Lists the acceptable compression algorithms in order of) s +5 228 M +( preference. The chosen compression algorithm MUST be the first) s +5 217 M +( algorithm on the client's list that is also on the server's) s +5 206 M +( list. If there is no such algorithm, both sides MUST) s +5 195 M +( disconnect.) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 15]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 16 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( Note that "none" must be explicitly listed if it is to be) s +5 679 M +( acceptable. The compression algorithm names are listed in) s +5 668 M +( Section Section 5.2.) s +5 646 M +( languages) s +5 635 M +( This is a comma-separated list of language tags in order of) s +5 624 M +( preference [RFC3066]. Both parties MAY ignore this list. If) s +5 613 M +( there are no language preferences, this list SHOULD be empty.) s +5 602 M +( Language tags SHOULD NOT be present unless they are known to be) s +5 591 M +( needed by the sending party.) s +5 569 M +( first_kex_packet_follows) s +5 558 M +( Indicates whether a guessed key exchange packet follows. If a) s +5 547 M +( guessed packet will be sent, this MUST be TRUE. If no guessed) s +5 536 M +( packet will be sent, this MUST be FALSE.) s +5 514 M +( After receiving the SSH_MSG_KEXINIT packet from the other side,) s +5 503 M +( each party will know whether their guess was right. If the) s +5 492 M +( other party's guess was wrong, and this field was TRUE, the) s +5 481 M +( next packet MUST be silently ignored, and both sides MUST then) s +5 470 M +( act as determined by the negotiated key exchange method. If) s +5 459 M +( the guess was right, key exchange MUST continue using the) s +5 448 M +( guessed packet.) s +5 426 M +( After the KEXINIT packet exchange, the key exchange algorithm is run.) s +5 415 M +( It may involve several packet exchanges, as specified by the key) s +5 404 M +( exchange method.) s +5 382 M +(6.2 Output from Key Exchange) s +5 360 M +( The key exchange produces two values: a shared secret K, and an) s +5 349 M +( exchange hash H. Encryption and authentication keys are derived from) s +5 338 M +( these. The exchange hash H from the first key exchange is) s +5 327 M +( additionally used as the session identifier, which is a unique) s +5 316 M +( identifier for this connection. It is used by authentication methods) s +5 305 M +( as a part of the data that is signed as a proof of possession of a) s +5 294 M +( private key. Once computed, the session identifier is not changed,) s +5 283 M +( even if keys are later re-exchanged.) s +5 250 M +( Each key exchange method specifies a hash function that is used in) s +5 239 M +( the key exchange. The same hash algorithm MUST be used in key) s +5 228 M +( derivation. Here, we'll call it HASH.) s +5 195 M +( Encryption keys MUST be computed as HASH of a known value and K as) s +5 184 M +( follows:) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 16]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +%%Page: (16,17) 9 +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 0.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 17 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( o Initial IV client to server: HASH\(K || H || "A" || session_id\)) s +5 679 M +( \(Here K is encoded as mpint and "A" as byte and session_id as raw) s +5 668 M +( data."A" means the single character A, ASCII 65\).) s +5 657 M +( o Initial IV server to client: HASH\(K || H || "B" || session_id\)) s +5 646 M +( o Encryption key client to server: HASH\(K || H || "C" || session_id\)) s +5 635 M +( o Encryption key server to client: HASH\(K || H || "D" || session_id\)) s +5 624 M +( o Integrity key client to server: HASH\(K || H || "E" || session_id\)) s +5 613 M +( o Integrity key server to client: HASH\(K || H || "F" || session_id\)) s +5 591 M +( Key data MUST be taken from the beginning of the hash output. 128) s +5 580 M +( bits \(16 bytes\) MUST be used for algorithms with variable-length) s +5 569 M +( keys. The only variable key length algorithm defined in this document) s +5 558 M +( is arcfour\). For other algorithms, as many bytes as are needed are) s +5 547 M +( taken from the beginning of the hash value. If the key length needed) s +5 536 M +( is longer than the output of the HASH, the key is extended by) s +5 525 M +( computing HASH of the concatenation of K and H and the entire key so) s +5 514 M +( far, and appending the resulting bytes \(as many as HASH generates\) to) s +5 503 M +( the key. This process is repeated until enough key material is) s +5 492 M +( available; the key is taken from the beginning of this value. In) s +5 481 M +( other words:) s +5 459 M +( K1 = HASH\(K || H || X || session_id\) \(X is e.g. "A"\)) s +5 448 M +( K2 = HASH\(K || H || K1\)) s +5 437 M +( K3 = HASH\(K || H || K1 || K2\)) s +5 426 M +( ...) s +5 415 M +( key = K1 || K2 || K3 || ...) s +5 393 M +( This process will lose entropy if the amount of entropy in K is) s +5 382 M +( larger than the internal state size of HASH.) s +5 360 M +(6.3 Taking Keys Into Use) s +5 338 M +( Key exchange ends by each side sending an SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS message.) s +5 327 M +( This message is sent with the old keys and algorithms. All messages) s +5 316 M +( sent after this message MUST use the new keys and algorithms.) s +5 283 M +( When this message is received, the new keys and algorithms MUST be) s +5 272 M +( taken into use for receiving.) s +5 239 M +( This message is the only valid message after key exchange, in) s +5 228 M +( addition to SSH_MSG_DEBUG, SSH_MSG_DISCONNECT and SSH_MSG_IGNORE) s +5 217 M +( messages. The purpose of this message is to ensure that a party is) s +5 206 M +( able to respond with a disconnect message that the other party can) s +5 195 M +( understand if something goes wrong with the key exchange.) s +5 184 M +( Implementations MUST NOT accept any other messages after key exchange) s +5 173 M +( before receiving SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS.) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 17]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 18 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( byte SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS) s +5 657 M +(7. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange) s +5 635 M +( The Diffie-Hellman key exchange provides a shared secret that can not) s +5 624 M +( be determined by either party alone. The key exchange is combined) s +5 613 M +( with a signature with the host key to provide host authentication.) s +5 580 M +( In the following description \(C is the client, S is the server; p is) s +5 569 M +( a large safe prime, g is a generator for a subgroup of GF\(p\), and q) s +5 558 M +( is the order of the subgroup; V_S is S's version string; V_C is C's) s +5 547 M +( version string; K_S is S's public host key; I_C is C's KEXINIT) s +5 536 M +( message and I_S S's KEXINIT message which have been exchanged before) s +5 525 M +( this part begins\):) s +5 492 M +( 1. C generates a random number x \(1 < x < q\) and computes e = g^x) s +5 481 M +( mod p. C sends "e" to S.) s +5 459 M +( 2. S generates a random number y \(0 < y < q\) and computes f = g^y) s +5 448 M +( mod p. S receives "e". It computes K = e^y mod p, H = hash\(V_C) s +5 437 M +( || V_S || I_C || I_S || K_S || e || f || K\) \(these elements are) s +5 426 M +( encoded according to their types; see below\), and signature s on) s +5 415 M +( H with its private host key. S sends "K_S || f || s" to C. The) s +5 404 M +( signing operation may involve a second hashing operation.) s +5 382 M +( 3. C verifies that K_S really is the host key for S \(e.g. using) s +5 371 M +( certificates or a local database\). C is also allowed to accept) s +5 360 M +( the key without verification; however, doing so will render the) s +5 349 M +( protocol insecure against active attacks \(but may be desirable) s +5 338 M +( for practical reasons in the short term in many environments\). C) s +5 327 M +( then computes K = f^x mod p, H = hash\(V_C || V_S || I_C || I_S ||) s +5 316 M +( K_S || e || f || K\), and verifies the signature s on H.) s +5 294 M +( Either side MUST NOT send or accept e or f values that are not in the) s +5 283 M +( range [1, p-1]. If this condition is violated, the key exchange) s +5 272 M +( fails.) s +5 239 M +( This is implemented with the following messages. The hash algorithm) s +5 228 M +( for computing the exchange hash is defined by the method name, and is) s +5 217 M +( called HASH. The public key algorithm for signing is negotiated with) s +5 206 M +( the KEXINIT messages.) s +5 184 M +( First, the client sends the following:) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 18]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +%%Page: (18,19) 10 +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 0.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 19 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( byte SSH_MSG_KEXDH_INIT) s +5 679 M +( mpint e) s +5 646 M +( The server responds with the following:) s +5 624 M +( byte SSH_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY) s +5 613 M +( string server public host key and certificates \(K_S\)) s +5 602 M +( mpint f) s +5 591 M +( string signature of H) s +5 569 M +( The hash H is computed as the HASH hash of the concatenation of the) s +5 558 M +( following:) s +5 536 M +( string V_C, the client's version string \(CR and NL excluded\)) s +5 525 M +( string V_S, the server's version string \(CR and NL excluded\)) s +5 514 M +( string I_C, the payload of the client's SSH_MSG_KEXINIT) s +5 503 M +( string I_S, the payload of the server's SSH_MSG_KEXINIT) s +5 492 M +( string K_S, the host key) s +5 481 M +( mpint e, exchange value sent by the client) s +5 470 M +( mpint f, exchange value sent by the server) s +5 459 M +( mpint K, the shared secret) s +5 437 M +( This value is called the exchange hash, and it is used to) s +5 426 M +( authenticate the key exchange. The exchange hash SHOULD be kept) s +5 415 M +( secret.) s +5 382 M +( The signature algorithm MUST be applied over H, not the original) s +5 371 M +( data. Most signature algorithms include hashing and additional) s +5 360 M +( padding. For example, "ssh-dss" specifies SHA-1 hashing; in that) s +5 349 M +( case, the data is first hashed with HASH to compute H, and H is then) s +5 338 M +( hashed with SHA-1 as part of the signing operation.) s +5 316 M +(7.1 diffie-hellman-group1-sha1) s +5 294 M +( The "diffie-hellman-group1-sha1" method specifies Diffie-Hellman key) s +5 283 M +( exchange with SHA-1 as HASH, and Oakley group 14 [RFC3526] \(2048-bit) s +5 272 M +( MODP Group\). It is included below in hexadecimal and decimal.) s +5 250 M +( The prime p is equal to 2^1024 - 2^960 - 1 + 2^64 * floor\( 2^894 Pi +) s +5 239 M +( 129093 \). Its hexadecimal value is:) s +5 217 M +( FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF C90FDAA2 2168C234 C4C6628B 80DC1CD1) s +5 206 M +( 29024E08 8A67CC74 020BBEA6 3B139B22 514A0879 8E3404DD) s +5 195 M +( EF9519B3 CD3A431B 302B0A6D F25F1437 4FE1356D 6D51C245) s +5 184 M +( E485B576 625E7EC6 F44C42E9 A637ED6B 0BFF5CB6 F406B7ED) s +5 173 M +( EE386BFB 5A899FA5 AE9F2411 7C4B1FE6 49286651 ECE65381) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 19]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 20 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF.) s +5 668 M +( In decimal, this value is:) s +5 646 M +( 179769313486231590770839156793787453197860296048756011706444) s +5 635 M +( 423684197180216158519368947833795864925541502180565485980503) s +5 624 M +( 646440548199239100050792877003355816639229553136239076508735) s +5 613 M +( 759914822574862575007425302077447712589550957937778424442426) s +5 602 M +( 617334727629299387668709205606050270810842907692932019128194) s +5 591 M +( 467627007.) s +5 569 M +( The generator used with this prime is g = 2. The group order q is \(p) s +5 558 M +( - 1\) / 2.) s +5 536 M +(8. Key Re-Exchange) s +5 514 M +( Key re-exchange is started by sending an SSH_MSG_KEXINIT packet when) s +5 503 M +( not already doing a key exchange \(as described in Section Section) s +5 492 M +( 6.1\). When this message is received, a party MUST respond with its) s +5 481 M +( own SSH_MSG_KEXINIT message except when the received SSH_MSG_KEXINIT) s +5 470 M +( already was a reply. Either party MAY initiate the re-exchange, but) s +5 459 M +( roles MUST NOT be changed \(i.e., the server remains the server, and) s +5 448 M +( the client remains the client\).) s +5 415 M +( Key re-exchange is performed using whatever encryption was in effect) s +5 404 M +( when the exchange was started. Encryption, compression, and MAC) s +5 393 M +( methods are not changed before a new SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS is sent after) s +5 382 M +( the key exchange \(as in the initial key exchange\). Re-exchange is) s +5 371 M +( processed identically to the initial key exchange, except for the) s +5 360 M +( session identifier that will remain unchanged. It is permissible to) s +5 349 M +( change some or all of the algorithms during the re-exchange. Host) s +5 338 M +( keys can also change. All keys and initialization vectors are) s +5 327 M +( recomputed after the exchange. Compression and encryption contexts) s +5 316 M +( are reset.) s +5 283 M +( It is recommended that the keys are changed after each gigabyte of) s +5 272 M +( transmitted data or after each hour of connection time, whichever) s +5 261 M +( comes sooner. However, since the re-exchange is a public key) s +5 250 M +( operation, it requires a fair amount of processing power and should) s +5 239 M +( not be performed too often.) s +5 206 M +( More application data may be sent after the SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS packet) s +5 195 M +( has been sent; key exchange does not affect the protocols that lie) s +5 184 M +( above the SSH transport layer.) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 20]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +%%Page: (20,21) 11 +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 0.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 21 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +(9. Service Request) s +5 668 M +( After the key exchange, the client requests a service. The service is) s +5 657 M +( identified by a name. The format of names and procedures for defining) s +5 646 M +( new names are defined in [SSH-ARCH].) s +5 613 M +( Currently, the following names have been reserved:) s +5 591 M +( ssh-userauth) s +5 580 M +( ssh-connection) s +5 558 M +( Similar local naming policy is applied to the service names, as is) s +5 547 M +( applied to the algorithm names; a local service should use the) s +5 536 M +( "servicename@domain" syntax.) s +5 514 M +( byte SSH_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST) s +5 503 M +( string service name) s +5 481 M +( If the server rejects the service request, it SHOULD send an) s +5 470 M +( appropriate SSH_MSG_DISCONNECT message and MUST disconnect.) s +5 437 M +( When the service starts, it may have access to the session identifier) s +5 426 M +( generated during the key exchange.) s +5 393 M +( If the server supports the service \(and permits the client to use) s +5 382 M +( it\), it MUST respond with the following:) s +5 360 M +( byte SSH_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT) s +5 349 M +( string service name) s +5 327 M +( Message numbers used by services should be in the area reserved for) s +5 316 M +( them \(see Section 6 in [SSH-ARCH]\). The transport level will) s +5 305 M +( continue to process its own messages.) s +5 272 M +( Note that after a key exchange with implicit server authentication,) s +5 261 M +( the client MUST wait for response to its service request message) s +5 250 M +( before sending any further data.) s +5 228 M +(10. Additional Messages) s +5 206 M +( Either party may send any of the following messages at any time.) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 21]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 22 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +(10.1 Disconnection Message) s +5 668 M +( byte SSH_MSG_DISCONNECT) s +5 657 M +( uint32 reason code) s +5 646 M +( string description [RFC2279]) s +5 635 M +( string language tag [RFC3066]) s +5 613 M +( This message causes immediate termination of the connection. All) s +5 602 M +( implementations MUST be able to process this message; they SHOULD be) s +5 591 M +( able to send this message.) s +5 569 M +( The sender MUST NOT send or receive any data after this message, and) s +5 558 M +( the recipient MUST NOT accept any data after receiving this message.) s +5 547 M +( The description field gives a more specific explanation in a) s +5 536 M +( human-readable form. The error code gives the reason in a more) s +5 525 M +( machine-readable format \(suitable for localization\), and can have the) s +5 514 M +( following values:) s +5 492 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_HOST_NOT_ALLOWED_TO_CONNECT 1) s +5 481 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_PROTOCOL_ERROR 2) s +5 470 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED 3) s +5 459 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_RESERVED 4) s +5 448 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_MAC_ERROR 5) s +5 437 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_COMPRESSION_ERROR 6) s +5 426 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE 7) s +5 415 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_PROTOCOL_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED 8) s +5 404 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE 9) s +5 393 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_CONNECTION_LOST 10) s +5 382 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION 11) s +5 371 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_TOO_MANY_CONNECTIONS 12) s +5 360 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_AUTH_CANCELLED_BY_USER 13) s +5 349 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_NO_MORE_AUTH_METHODS_AVAILABLE 14) s +5 338 M +( #define SSH_DISCONNECT_ILLEGAL_USER_NAME 15) s +5 316 M +( If the description string is displayed, control character filtering) s +5 305 M +( discussed in [SSH-ARCH] should be used to avoid attacks by sending) s +5 294 M +( terminal control characters.) s +5 272 M +(10.2 Ignored Data Message) s +5 250 M +( byte SSH_MSG_IGNORE) s +5 239 M +( string data) s +5 217 M +( All implementations MUST understand \(and ignore\) this message at any) s +5 206 M +( time \(after receiving the protocol version\). No implementation is) s +5 195 M +( required to send them. This message can be used as an additional) s +5 184 M +( protection measure against advanced traffic analysis techniques.) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 22]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +%%Page: (22,23) 12 +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 0.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 23 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +(10.3 Debug Message) s +5 668 M +( byte SSH_MSG_DEBUG) s +5 657 M +( boolean always_display) s +5 646 M +( string message [RFC2279]) s +5 635 M +( string language tag [RFC3066]) s +5 613 M +( All implementations MUST understand this message, but they are) s +5 602 M +( allowed to ignore it. This message is used to pass the other side) s +5 591 M +( information that may help debugging. If always_display is TRUE, the) s +5 580 M +( message SHOULD be displayed. Otherwise, it SHOULD NOT be displayed) s +5 569 M +( unless debugging information has been explicitly requested by the) s +5 558 M +( user.) s +5 525 M +( The message doesn't need to contain a newline. It is, however,) s +5 514 M +( allowed to consist of multiple lines separated by CRLF \(Carriage) s +5 503 M +( Return - Line Feed\) pairs.) s +5 470 M +( If the message string is displayed, terminal control character) s +5 459 M +( filtering discussed in [SSH-ARCH] should be used to avoid attacks by) s +5 448 M +( sending terminal control characters.) s +5 426 M +(10.4 Reserved Messages) s +5 404 M +( An implementation MUST respond to all unrecognized messages with an) s +5 393 M +( SSH_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED message in the order in which the messages were) s +5 382 M +( received. Such messages MUST be otherwise ignored. Later protocol) s +5 371 M +( versions may define other meanings for these message types.) s +5 349 M +( byte SSH_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED) s +5 338 M +( uint32 packet sequence number of rejected message) s +5 305 M +(11. Summary of Message Numbers) s +5 283 M +( The following message numbers have been defined in this protocol:) s +5 261 M +( #define SSH_MSG_DISCONNECT 1) s +5 250 M +( #define SSH_MSG_IGNORE 2) s +5 239 M +( #define SSH_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED 3) s +5 228 M +( #define SSH_MSG_DEBUG 4) s +5 217 M +( #define SSH_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST 5) s +5 206 M +( #define SSH_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT 6) s +5 184 M +( #define SSH_MSG_KEXINIT 20) s +5 173 M +( #define SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS 21) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 23]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 24 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( /* Numbers 30-49 used for kex packets.) s +5 679 M +( Different kex methods may reuse message numbers in) s +5 668 M +( this range. */) s +5 646 M +( #define SSH_MSG_KEXDH_INIT 30) s +5 635 M +( #define SSH_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY 31) s +5 602 M +(12. IANA Considerations) s +5 580 M +( This document is part of a set, the IANA considerations for the SSH) s +5 569 M +( protocol as defined in [SSH-ARCH], [SSH-TRANS], [SSH-USERAUTH],) s +5 558 M +( [SSH-CONNECT] are detailed in [SSH-NUMBERS].) s +5 536 M +(13. Security Considerations) s +5 514 M +( This protocol provides a secure encrypted channel over an insecure) s +5 503 M +( network. It performs server host authentication, key exchange,) s +5 492 M +( encryption, and integrity protection. It also derives a unique) s +5 481 M +( session id that may be used by higher-level protocols.) s +5 459 M +( Full security considerations for this protocol are provided in) s +5 448 M +( Section 8 of [SSH-ARCH]) s +5 426 M +(14. Intellectual Property) s +5 404 M +( The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any) s +5 393 M +( intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to) s +5 382 M +( pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in) s +5 371 M +( this document or the extent to which any license under such rights) s +5 360 M +( might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it) s +5 349 M +( has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the) s +5 338 M +( IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and) s +5 327 M +( standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of) s +5 316 M +( claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of) s +5 305 M +( licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to) s +5 294 M +( obtain a general license or permission for the use of such) s +5 283 M +( proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can) s +5 272 M +( be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.) s +5 250 M +( The IETF has been notified of intellectual property rights claimed in) s +5 239 M +( regard to some or all of the specification contained in this) s +5 228 M +( document. For more information consult the online list of claimed) s +5 217 M +( rights.) s +5 195 M +(15. Additional Information) s +5 173 M +( The current document editor is: [email protected]. Comments on) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 24]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +%%Page: (24,25) 13 +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 0.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 25 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( this internet draft should be sent to the IETF SECSH working group,) s +5 679 M +( details at: http://ietf.org/html.charters/secsh-charter.html) s +5 657 M +(Normative) s +5 635 M +( [SSH-ARCH]) s +5 624 M +( Ylonen, T., "SSH Protocol Architecture", I-D) s +5 613 M +( draft-ietf-architecture-15.txt, Oct 2003.) s +5 591 M +( [SSH-TRANS]) s +5 580 M +( Ylonen, T., "SSH Transport Layer Protocol", I-D) s +5 569 M +( draft-ietf-transport-17.txt, Oct 2003.) s +5 547 M +( [SSH-USERAUTH]) s +5 536 M +( Ylonen, T., "SSH Authentication Protocol", I-D) s +5 525 M +( draft-ietf-userauth-18.txt, Oct 2003.) s +5 503 M +( [SSH-CONNECT]) s +5 492 M +( Ylonen, T., "SSH Connection Protocol", I-D) s +5 481 M +( draft-ietf-connect-18.txt, Oct 2003.) s +5 459 M +( [SSH-NUMBERS]) s +5 448 M +( Lehtinen, S. and D. Moffat, "SSH Protocol Assigned) s +5 437 M +( Numbers", I-D draft-ietf-secsh-assignednumbers-05.txt, Oct) s +5 426 M +( 2003.) s +5 404 M +( [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate) s +5 393 M +( Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.) s +5 371 M +(Informative) s +5 349 M +( [FIPS-186]) s +5 338 M +( Federal Information Processing Standards Publication,) s +5 327 M +( "FIPS PUB 186, Digital Signature Standard", May 1994.) s +5 305 M +( [FIPS-197]) s +5 294 M +( NIST, "FIPS PUB 197 Advanced Encryption Standard \(AES\)",) s +5 283 M +( November 2001.) s +5 261 M +( [FIPS-46-3]) s +5 250 M +( U.S. Dept. of Commerce, "FIPS PUB 46-3, Data Encryption) s +5 239 M +( Standard \(DES\)", October 1999.) s +5 217 M +( [RFC2459] Housley, R., Ford, W., Polk, T. and D. Solo, "Internet) s +5 206 M +( X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and CRL) s +5 195 M +( Profile", RFC 2459, January 1999.) s +5 173 M +( [RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities",) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 25]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 26 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +( STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.) s +5 668 M +( [RFC3066] Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of) s +5 657 M +( Languages", BCP 47, RFC 3066, January 2001.) s +5 635 M +( [RFC1950] Deutsch, L. and J-L. Gailly, "ZLIB Compressed Data Format) s +5 624 M +( Specification version 3.3", RFC 1950, May 1996.) s +5 602 M +( [RFC1951] Deutsch, P., "DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification) s +5 591 M +( version 1.3", RFC 1951, May 1996.) s +5 569 M +( [RFC2279] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO) s +5 558 M +( 10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.) s +5 536 M +( [RFC2104] Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M. and R. Canetti, "HMAC:) s +5 525 M +( Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication", RFC 2104,) s +5 514 M +( February 1997.) s +5 492 M +( [RFC2144] Adams, C., "The CAST-128 Encryption Algorithm", RFC 2144,) s +5 481 M +( May 1997.) s +5 459 M +( [RFC2440] Callas, J., Donnerhacke, L., Finney, H. and R. Thayer,) s +5 448 M +( "OpenPGP Message Format", RFC 2440, November 1998.) s +5 426 M +( [RFC2693] Ellison, C., Frantz, B., Lampson, B., Rivest, R., Thomas,) s +5 415 M +( B. and T. Ylonen, "SPKI Certificate Theory", RFC 2693,) s +5 404 M +( September 1999.) s +5 382 M +( [RFC3526] Kivinen, T. and M. Kojo, "More Modular Exponential \(MODP\)) s +5 371 M +( Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange \(IKE\)",) s +5 360 M +( RFC 3526, May 2003.) s +5 338 M +( [SCHNEIER]) s +5 327 M +( Schneier, B., "Applied Cryptography Second Edition:) s +5 316 M +( protocols algorithms and source in code in C", 1996.) s +5 294 M +( [TWOFISH] Schneier, B., "The Twofish Encryptions Algorithm: A) s +5 283 M +( 128-Bit Block Cipher, 1st Edition", March 1999.) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 26]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +%%Page: (26,27) 14 +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 0.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 27 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +(Authors' Addresses) s +5 668 M +( Tatu Ylonen) s +5 657 M +( SSH Communications Security Corp) s +5 646 M +( Fredrikinkatu 42) s +5 635 M +( HELSINKI FIN-00100) s +5 624 M +( Finland) s +5 602 M +( EMail: [email protected]) s +5 569 M +( Darren J. Moffat \(editor\)) s +5 558 M +( Sun Microsystems, Inc) s +5 547 M +( 17 Network Circle) s +5 536 M +( Menlo Park 95025) s +5 525 M +( USA) s +5 503 M +( EMail: [email protected]) s +5 481 M +(Appendix A. Contibutors) s +5 129 M +(Ylonen & Moffat, Editor Expires March 31, 2004 [Page 27]) s +_R +S +PStoPSsaved restore +userdict/PStoPSsaved save put +PStoPSmatrix setmatrix +595.000000 421.271378 translate +90 rotate +0.706651 dup scale +userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put +userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto + 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto + closepath}put initclip +PStoPSxform concat +%%BeginPageSetup +_S +75 0 translate +/pagenum 28 def +/fname () def +/fdir () def +/ftail () def +/user_header_p false def +%%EndPageSetup +5 723 M +(Internet-Draft SSH Transport Layer Protocol Oct 2003) s +5 690 M +(Intellectual Property Statement) s +5 668 M +( The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any) s +5 657 M +( intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to) s +5 646 M +( pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in) s +5 635 M +( this document or the extent to which any license under such rights) s +5 624 M +( might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it) s +5 613 M +( has made any effort to identify any such rights. 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