Merge branch 'hasse/stdlib/base64/OTP-14624'

* hasse/stdlib/base64/OTP-14624:
  stdlib: Add base64 benchmarks
  stdlib: Do not check base64 input more than needed
  stdlib: Minor optimization of base64
  stdlib: Use binary_to_list in base64 when it is faster
  stdlib: Optimize base64 functions

3 files changed, 494 insertions, 319 deletions

diff --git a/lib/stdlib/src/base64.erl b/lib/stdlib/src/base64.erl
index c8cf6fdffe..6ea4147abf 100644
--- a/lib/stdlib/src/base64.erl
+++ b/lib/stdlib/src/base64.erl
@@ -24,22 +24,11 @@
 -export([encode/1, decode/1, mime_decode/1,
 	 encode_to_string/1, decode_to_string/1, mime_decode_to_string/1]).
 
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 %% The following type is a subtype of string() for return values
 %% of (some) functions of this module.
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 -type ascii_string() :: [1..255].
 -type ascii_binary() :: binary().
 
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% encode_to_string(ASCII) -> Base64String
-%%	ASCII - string() | binary()
-%%	Base64String - string()
-%%                                   
-%% Description: Encodes a plain ASCII string (or binary) into base64.
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 -spec encode_to_string(Data) -> Base64String when
       Data :: ascii_string() | ascii_binary(),
       Base64String :: ascii_string().
@@ -47,66 +36,67 @@
 encode_to_string(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
     encode_to_string(binary_to_list(Bin));
 encode_to_string(List) when is_list(List) ->
-    encode_l(List).
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% encode(ASCII) -> Base64
-%%	ASCII - string() | binary()
-%%	Base64 - binary()
-%%                                   
-%% Description: Encodes a plain ASCII string (or binary) into base64.
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    encode_list_to_string(List).
 
 -spec encode(Data) -> Base64 when
       Data :: ascii_string() | ascii_binary(),
       Base64 :: ascii_binary().
 
 encode(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
-    encode_binary(Bin);
+    encode_binary(Bin, <<>>);
 encode(List) when is_list(List) ->
-    list_to_binary(encode_l(List)).
-
--spec encode_l(ascii_string()) -> ascii_string().
+    encode_list(List, <<>>).
 
-encode_l([]) ->
+encode_list_to_string([]) ->
     [];
-encode_l([A]) ->
-    [b64e(A bsr 2),
-     b64e((A band 3) bsl 4), $=, $=];
-encode_l([A,B]) ->
-    [b64e(A bsr 2),
-     b64e(((A band 3) bsl 4) bor (B bsr 4)), 
-     b64e((B band 15) bsl 2), $=];
-encode_l([A,B,C|Ls]) ->
-    BB = (A bsl 16) bor (B bsl 8) bor C,
+encode_list_to_string([B1]) ->
+    [b64e(B1 bsr 2),
+     b64e((B1 band 3) bsl 4), $=, $=];
+encode_list_to_string([B1,B2]) ->
+    [b64e(B1 bsr 2),
+     b64e(((B1 band 3) bsl 4) bor (B2 bsr 4)),
+     b64e((B2 band 15) bsl 2), $=];
+encode_list_to_string([B1,B2,B3|Ls]) ->
+    BB = (B1 bsl 16) bor (B2 bsl 8) bor B3,
     [b64e(BB bsr 18),
      b64e((BB bsr 12) band 63), 
      b64e((BB bsr 6) band 63),
-     b64e(BB band 63) | encode_l(Ls)].
-
-encode_binary(Bin) ->
-    Split = 3*(byte_size(Bin) div 3),
-    <<Main0:Split/binary,Rest/binary>> = Bin,
-    Main = << <<(b64e(C)):8>> || <<C:6>> <= Main0 >>,
-    case Rest of
-	<<A:6,B:6,C:4>> ->
-	    <<Main/binary,(b64e(A)):8,(b64e(B)):8,(b64e(C bsl 2)):8,$=:8>>;
-	<<A:6,B:2>> ->
-	    <<Main/binary,(b64e(A)):8,(b64e(B bsl 4)):8,$=:8,$=:8>>;
-	<<>> ->
-	    Main
-    end.
+     b64e(BB band 63) | encode_list_to_string(Ls)].
 
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% mime_decode(Base64) -> ASCII
-%% decode(Base64) -> ASCII
-%%	Base64 - string() | binary()
-%%	ASCII - binary()
-%%                                    
-%% Description: Decodes an base64 encoded string to plain ASCII.
-%% mime_decode strips away all characters not Base64 before converting,
-%% whereas decode crashes if an illegal character is found
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+encode_binary(<<>>, A) ->
+    A;
+encode_binary(<<B1:8>>, A) ->
+    <<A/bits,(b64e(B1 bsr 2)):8,(b64e((B1 band 3) bsl 4)):8,$=:8,$=:8>>;
+encode_binary(<<B1:8, B2:8>>, A) ->
+    <<A/bits,(b64e(B1 bsr 2)):8,
+      (b64e(((B1 band 3) bsl 4) bor (B2 bsr 4))):8,
+      (b64e((B2 band 15) bsl 2)):8, $=:8>>;
+encode_binary(<<B1:8, B2:8, B3:8, Ls/bits>>, A) ->
+    BB = (B1 bsl 16) bor (B2 bsl 8) bor B3,
+    encode_binary(Ls,
+                  <<A/bits,(b64e(BB bsr 18)):8,
+                    (b64e((BB bsr 12) band 63)):8,
+                    (b64e((BB bsr 6) band 63)):8,
+                    (b64e(BB band 63)):8>>).
+
+encode_list([], A) ->
+    A;
+encode_list([B1], A) ->
+    <<A/bits,(b64e(B1 bsr 2)):8,(b64e((B1 band 3) bsl 4)):8,$=:8,$=:8>>;
+encode_list([B1,B2], A) ->
+    <<A/bits,(b64e(B1 bsr 2)):8,
+      (b64e(((B1 band 3) bsl 4) bor (B2 bsr 4))):8,
+      (b64e((B2 band 15) bsl 2)):8, $=:8>>;
+encode_list([B1,B2,B3|Ls], A) ->
+    BB = (B1 bsl 16) bor (B2 bsl 8) bor B3,
+    encode_list(Ls,
+                <<A/bits,(b64e(BB bsr 18)):8,
+                  (b64e((BB bsr 12) band 63)):8,
+                  (b64e((BB bsr 6) band 63)):8,
+                  (b64e(BB band 63)):8>>).
+
+%% mime_decode strips away all characters not Base64 before
+%% converting, whereas decode crashes if an illegal character is found
 
 -spec decode(Base64) -> Data when
       Base64 :: ascii_string() | ascii_binary(),
@@ -122,32 +112,13 @@ decode(List) when is_list(List) ->
       Data :: ascii_binary().
 
 mime_decode(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
-    mime_decode_binary(<<>>, Bin);
+    mime_decode_binary(Bin, <<>>);
 mime_decode(List) when is_list(List) ->
-    mime_decode(list_to_binary(List)).
+    mime_decode_list(List, <<>>).
 
--spec decode_l(ascii_string()) -> ascii_string().
-
-decode_l(List) ->
-    L = strip_spaces(List, []),
-    decode(L, []).
-
--spec mime_decode_l(ascii_string()) -> ascii_string().
-
-mime_decode_l(List) ->
-    L = strip_illegal(List, [], 0),
-    decode(L, []).
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% mime_decode_to_string(Base64) -> ASCII
-%% decode_to_string(Base64) -> ASCII
-%%	Base64 - string() | binary()
-%%	ASCII - binary()
-%%
-%% Description: Decodes an base64 encoded string to plain ASCII.
-%% mime_decode strips away all characters not Base64 before converting,
-%% whereas decode crashes if an illegal character is found
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% mime_decode_to_string strips away all characters not Base64 before
+%% converting, whereas decode_to_string crashes if an illegal
+%% character is found
 
 -spec decode_to_string(Base64) -> DataString when
       Base64 :: ascii_string() | ascii_binary(),
@@ -156,7 +127,7 @@ mime_decode_l(List) ->
 decode_to_string(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
     decode_to_string(binary_to_list(Bin));
 decode_to_string(List) when is_list(List) ->
-    decode_l(List).
+    decode_list_to_string(List).
 
 -spec mime_decode_to_string(Base64) -> DataString when
       Base64 :: ascii_string() | ascii_binary(),
@@ -165,115 +136,195 @@ decode_to_string(List) when is_list(List) ->
 mime_decode_to_string(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
     mime_decode_to_string(binary_to_list(Bin));
 mime_decode_to_string(List) when is_list(List) ->
-    mime_decode_l(List).
-
-%% One-based decode map.
--define(DECODE_MAP,
-	{bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,ws,ws,bad,bad,ws,bad,bad, %1-15
-	 bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad, %16-31
-	 ws,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,62,bad,bad,bad,63, %32-47
-	 52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,bad,bad,bad,eq,bad,bad, %48-63
-	 bad,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,
-	 15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
-	 bad,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,
-	 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
-	 bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
-	 bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
-	 bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
-	 bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
-	 bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
-	 bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
-	 bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
-	 bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad}).
+    mime_decode_list_to_string(List).
 
-decode_binary(<<C1:8, Cs/bits>>, A) ->
-    case element(C1, ?DECODE_MAP) of
-        ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A);
-        B1 -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1)
+%% Skipping pad character if not at end of string. Also liberal about
+%% excess padding and skipping of other illegal (non-base64 alphabet)
+%% characters. See section 3.3 of RFC4648
+mime_decode_list([0 | Cs], A) ->
+    mime_decode_list(Cs, A);
+mime_decode_list([C1 | Cs], A) ->
+    case b64d(C1) of
+        B1 when is_integer(B1) -> mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1);
+        _ -> mime_decode_list(Cs, A)  % eq is padding
     end;
-decode_binary(<<>>, A) ->
+mime_decode_list([], A) ->
     A.
 
-decode_binary(<<C2:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1) ->
-    case element(C2, ?DECODE_MAP) of
-        ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1);
-        B2 -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2)
+mime_decode_list([0 | Cs], A, B1) ->
+    mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1);
+mime_decode_list([C2 | Cs], A, B1) ->
+    case b64d(C2) of
+        B2 when is_integer(B2) ->
+            mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2);
+        _ -> mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1) % eq is padding
     end.
 
-decode_binary(<<C3:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2) ->
-    case element(C3, ?DECODE_MAP) of
-        ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2);
-        B3 -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
+mime_decode_list([0 | Cs], A, B1, B2) ->
+    mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2);
+mime_decode_list([C3 | Cs], A, B1, B2) ->
+    case b64d(C3) of
+        B3 when is_integer(B3) ->
+            mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+        eq=B3 ->
+            mime_decode_list_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+        _ -> mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2)
     end.
 
-decode_binary(<<C4:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
-    case element(C4, ?DECODE_MAP) of
-        ws                -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
-        eq when B3 =:= eq -> only_ws_binary(Cs, <<A/binary,B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>);
-        eq                -> only_ws_binary(Cs, <<A/binary,B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>);
-        B4                -> decode_binary(Cs, <<A/binary,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B4:6>>)
+mime_decode_list([0 | Cs], A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+    mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+mime_decode_list([C4 | Cs], A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+    case b64d(C4) of
+        B4 when is_integer(B4) ->
+            mime_decode_list(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B4:6>>);
+        eq ->
+            mime_decode_list_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+        _ -> mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
     end.
 
-only_ws_binary(<<>>, A) ->
-    A;
-only_ws_binary(<<C:8, Cs/bits>>, A) ->
-    case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
-        ws -> only_ws_binary(Cs, A);
-        _ -> erlang:error(function_clause)
+mime_decode_list_after_eq([0 | Cs], A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+    mime_decode_list_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+mime_decode_list_after_eq([C | Cs], A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+    case b64d(C) of
+        B when is_integer(B) ->
+            %% More valid data, skip the eq as invalid
+            case B3 of
+                eq -> mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2, B);
+                _ -> mime_decode_list(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B:6>>)
+            end;
+        _ -> mime_decode_list_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
+    end;
+mime_decode_list_after_eq([], A, B1, B2, eq) ->
+    <<A/bits,B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>;
+mime_decode_list_after_eq([], A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+    <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>.
+
+mime_decode_binary(<<0:8, Cs/bits>>, A) ->
+    mime_decode_binary(Cs, A);
+mime_decode_binary(<<C1:8, Cs/bits>>, A) ->
+    case b64d(C1) of
+        B1 when is_integer(B1) -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1);
+        _ -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, A)  % eq is padding
+    end;
+mime_decode_binary(<<>>, A) ->
+    A.
+
+mime_decode_binary(<<0:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1) ->
+    mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1);
+mime_decode_binary(<<C2:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1) ->
+    case b64d(C2) of
+        B2 when is_integer(B2) ->
+            mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2);
+        _ -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1) % eq is padding
     end.
 
-%% Skipping pad character if not at end of string. Also liberal about
-%% excess padding and skipping of other illegal (non-base64 alphabet)
-%% characters. See section 3.3 of RFC4648
-mime_decode_binary(Result, <<0:8,T/bits>>) ->
-    mime_decode_binary(Result, T);
-mime_decode_binary(Result0, <<C:8,T/bits>>) ->
-    case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
-        Bits when is_integer(Bits) ->
-            mime_decode_binary(<<Result0/bits,Bits:6>>, T);
+mime_decode_binary(<<0:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2) ->
+    mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2);
+mime_decode_binary(<<C3:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2) ->
+    case b64d(C3) of
+        B3 when is_integer(B3) ->
+            mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+        eq=B3 ->
+            mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+        _ -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2)
+    end.
+
+mime_decode_binary(<<0:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+    mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+mime_decode_binary(<<C4:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+    case b64d(C4) of
+        B4 when is_integer(B4) ->
+            mime_decode_binary(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B4:6>>);
         eq ->
-            mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result0, T, false);
-        _ ->
-            mime_decode_binary(Result0, T)
+            mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+        _ -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
+    end.
+
+mime_decode_binary_after_eq(<<0:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+    mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+mime_decode_binary_after_eq(<<C:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+    case b64d(C) of
+        B when is_integer(B) ->
+            %% More valid data, skip the eq as invalid
+            case B3 of
+                eq -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B);
+                _ -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B:6>>)
+            end;
+        _ -> mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
     end;
-mime_decode_binary(Result, _) ->
-    true = is_binary(Result),
-    Result.
-
-mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result, <<0:8,T/bits>>, Eq) ->
-    mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result, T, Eq);
-mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result0, <<C:8,T/bits>>, Eq) ->
-    case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
-        bad ->
-            mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result0, T, Eq);
-        ws ->
-            mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result0, T, Eq);
+mime_decode_binary_after_eq(<<>>, A, B1, B2, eq) ->
+    <<A/bits,B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>;
+mime_decode_binary_after_eq(<<>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+    <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>.
+
+mime_decode_list_to_string([0 | Cs]) ->
+    mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs);
+mime_decode_list_to_string([C1 | Cs]) ->
+    case b64d(C1) of
+        B1 when is_integer(B1) -> mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1);
+        _ -> mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs) % eq is padding
+    end;
+mime_decode_list_to_string([]) ->
+    [].
+
+mime_decode_list_to_string([0 | Cs], B1) ->
+    mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1);
+mime_decode_list_to_string([C2 | Cs], B1) ->
+    case b64d(C2) of
+        B2 when is_integer(B2) ->
+            mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2);
+        _ -> mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1) % eq is padding
+    end.
+
+mime_decode_list_to_string([0 | Cs], B1, B2) ->
+    mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2);
+mime_decode_list_to_string([C3 | Cs], B1, B2) ->
+    case b64d(C3) of
+        B3 when is_integer(B3) ->
+            mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2, B3);
+        eq=B3 -> mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq(Cs, B1, B2, B3);
+        _ -> mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2)
+    end.
+
+mime_decode_list_to_string([0 | Cs], B1, B2, B3) ->
+    mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2, B3);
+mime_decode_list_to_string([C4 | Cs], B1, B2, B3) ->
+    case b64d(C4) of
+        B4 when is_integer(B4) ->
+            Bits4x6 = (B1 bsl 18) bor (B2 bsl 12) bor (B3 bsl 6) bor B4,
+            Octet1 = Bits4x6 bsr 16,
+            Octet2 = (Bits4x6 bsr 8) band 16#ff,
+            Octet3 = Bits4x6 band 16#ff,
+            [Octet1, Octet2, Octet3 | mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs)];
         eq ->
-            mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result0, T, true);
-        Bits when is_integer(Bits) ->
+            mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq(Cs, B1, B2, B3);
+        _ -> mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2, B3)
+    end.
+
+mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq([0 | Cs], B1, B2, B3) ->
+    mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq(Cs, B1, B2, B3);
+mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq([C | Cs], B1, B2, B3) ->
+    case b64d(C) of
+        B when is_integer(B) ->
             %% More valid data, skip the eq as invalid
-            mime_decode_binary(<<Result0/bits,Bits:6>>, T)
+            case B3 of
+                eq -> mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2, B);
+                _ ->
+                    Bits4x6 = (B1 bsl 18) bor (B2 bsl 12) bor (B3 bsl 6) bor B,
+                    Octet1 = Bits4x6 bsr 16,
+                    Octet2 = (Bits4x6 bsr 8) band 16#ff,
+                    Octet3 = Bits4x6 band 16#ff,
+                    [Octet1, Octet2, Octet3 | mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs)]
+            end;
+        _ -> mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq(Cs, B1, B2, B3)
     end;
-mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result0, <<>>, Eq) ->
-    %% No more valid data.
-    case bit_size(Result0) rem 8 of
-        0 ->
-            %% '====' is not uncommon.
-            Result0;
-        4 when Eq ->
-            %% enforce at least one more '=' only ignoring illegals and spacing
-            Split = byte_size(Result0) - 1,
-            <<Result:Split/bytes,_:4>> = Result0,
-            Result;
-        2 ->
-            %% remove 2 bits
-            Split = byte_size(Result0) - 1,
-            <<Result:Split/bytes,_:2>> = Result0,
-            Result
-    end.
+mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq([], B1, B2, eq) ->
+    binary_to_list(<<B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>);
+mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq([], B1, B2, B3) ->
+    binary_to_list(<<B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>).
 
 decode_list([C1 | Cs], A) ->
-    case element(C1, ?DECODE_MAP) of
+    case b64d(C1) of
         ws -> decode_list(Cs, A);
         B1 -> decode_list(Cs, A, B1)
     end;
@@ -281,122 +332,130 @@ decode_list([], A) ->
     A.
 
 decode_list([C2 | Cs], A, B1) ->
-    case element(C2, ?DECODE_MAP) of
+    case b64d(C2) of
         ws -> decode_list(Cs, A, B1);
         B2 -> decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2)
     end.
 
 decode_list([C3 | Cs], A, B1, B2) ->
-    case element(C3, ?DECODE_MAP) of
+    case b64d(C3) of
         ws -> decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2);
         B3 -> decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
     end.
 
 decode_list([C4 | Cs], A, B1, B2, B3) ->
-    case element(C4, ?DECODE_MAP) of
+    case b64d(C4) of
         ws                -> decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
-        eq when B3 =:= eq -> only_ws(Cs, <<A/binary,B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>);
-        eq                -> only_ws(Cs, <<A/binary,B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>);
-        B4                -> decode_list(Cs, <<A/binary,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B4:6>>)
+        eq when B3 =:= eq -> only_ws(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>);
+        eq                -> only_ws(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>);
+        B4                -> decode_list(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B4:6>>)
     end.
 
-only_ws([], A) ->
-    A;
-only_ws([C | Cs], A) ->
-    case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
-        ws -> only_ws(Cs, A);
-        _ -> erlang:error(function_clause)
-    end.
+decode_binary(<<C1:8, Cs/bits>>, A) ->
+    case b64d(C1) of
+        ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A);
+        B1 -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1)
+    end;
+decode_binary(<<>>, A) ->
+    A.
 
-decode([], A) -> A;
-decode([$=,$=,C2,C1|Cs], A) ->
-    Bits2x6 = (b64d(C1) bsl 18) bor (b64d(C2) bsl 12),
-    Octet1 = Bits2x6 bsr 16,
-    decode(Cs, [Octet1|A]);
-decode([$=,C3,C2,C1|Cs], A) ->
-    Bits3x6 = (b64d(C1) bsl 18) bor (b64d(C2) bsl 12)
-	bor (b64d(C3) bsl 6),
-    Octet1 = Bits3x6 bsr 16,
-    Octet2 = (Bits3x6 bsr 8) band 16#ff,
-    decode(Cs, [Octet1,Octet2|A]);
-decode([C4,C3,C2,C1| Cs], A) ->
-    Bits4x6 = (b64d(C1) bsl 18) bor (b64d(C2) bsl 12)
-	bor (b64d(C3) bsl 6) bor b64d(C4),
-    Octet1 = Bits4x6 bsr 16,
-    Octet2 = (Bits4x6 bsr 8) band 16#ff,
-    Octet3 = Bits4x6 band 16#ff,
-    decode(Cs, [Octet1,Octet2,Octet3|A]).
+decode_binary(<<C2:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1) ->
+    case b64d(C2) of
+        ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1);
+        B2 -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2)
+    end.
 
-%%%========================================================================
-%%% Internal functions
-%%%========================================================================
+decode_binary(<<C3:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2) ->
+    case b64d(C3) of
+        ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2);
+        B3 -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
+    end.
 
-strip_spaces([], A) -> A;
-strip_spaces([$\s|Cs], A) -> strip_spaces(Cs, A);
-strip_spaces([$\t|Cs], A) -> strip_spaces(Cs, A);
-strip_spaces([$\r|Cs], A) -> strip_spaces(Cs, A);
-strip_spaces([$\n|Cs], A) -> strip_spaces(Cs, A);
-strip_spaces([C|Cs], A) -> strip_spaces(Cs, [C | A]).
+decode_binary(<<C4:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+    case b64d(C4) of
+        ws                -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+        eq when B3 =:= eq -> only_ws_binary(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>);
+        eq                -> only_ws_binary(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>);
+        B4                -> decode_binary(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B4:6>>)
+    end.
 
-%% Skipping pad character if not at end of string. Also liberal about
-%% excess padding and skipping of other illegal (non-base64 alphabet)
-%% characters. See section 3.3 of RFC4648
-strip_illegal([], A, _Cnt) ->
+only_ws_binary(<<>>, A) ->
     A;
-strip_illegal([0|Cs], A, Cnt) ->
-    strip_illegal(Cs, A, Cnt);
-strip_illegal([C|Cs], A, Cnt) ->
-    case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
-	bad ->
-	    strip_illegal(Cs, A, Cnt);
-	ws ->
-	    strip_illegal(Cs, A, Cnt);
-	eq ->
-	    case {tail_contains_more(Cs, false), Cnt rem 4} of
-		{{[], _}, 0} ->
-		    A;            %% Ignore extra =
-		{{[], true}, 2} ->
-		    [$=|[$=|A]];  %% 'XX=='
-		{{[], _}, 3} ->
-		    [$=|A];       %% 'XXX='
-		{{[H|T], _}, _} ->
-		    %% more data, skip equals
-		    strip_illegal(T, [H|A], Cnt+1)
-	    end;
-	_ ->
-	    strip_illegal(Cs, [C|A], Cnt+1)
+only_ws_binary(<<C:8, Cs/bits>>, A) ->
+    case b64d(C) of
+        ws -> only_ws_binary(Cs, A)
     end.
 
-%% Search the tail for more valid data and remember if we saw
-%% another equals along the way.
-tail_contains_more([], Eq) ->
-    {[], Eq};
-tail_contains_more(<<>>, Eq) ->
-    {<<>>, Eq};
-tail_contains_more([C|T]=More, Eq) ->
-    case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
-	bad ->
-	    tail_contains_more(T, Eq);
-	ws ->
-	    tail_contains_more(T, Eq);
-	eq ->
-	    tail_contains_more(T, true);
-	_ ->
-	    {More, Eq}
+decode_list_to_string([C1 | Cs]) ->
+    case b64d(C1) of
+        ws -> decode_list_to_string(Cs);
+        B1 -> decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1)
     end;
-tail_contains_more(<<C:8,T/bits>> =More, Eq) ->
-    case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
-	bad ->
-	    tail_contains_more(T, Eq);
-	ws ->
-	    tail_contains_more(T, Eq);
-	eq ->
-	    tail_contains_more(T, true);
-	_ ->
-	    {More, Eq}
+decode_list_to_string([]) ->
+    [].
+
+decode_list_to_string([C2 | Cs], B1) ->
+    case b64d(C2) of
+        ws -> decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1);
+        B2 -> decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2)
+    end.
+
+decode_list_to_string([C3 | Cs], B1, B2) ->
+    case b64d(C3) of
+        ws -> decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2);
+        B3 -> decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2, B3)
+    end.
+
+decode_list_to_string([C4 | Cs], B1, B2, B3) ->
+    case b64d(C4) of
+        ws ->
+            decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2, B3);
+        eq when B3 =:= eq ->
+            only_ws(Cs, binary_to_list(<<B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>));
+        eq ->
+            only_ws(Cs, binary_to_list(<<B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>));
+        B4 ->
+            Bits4x6 = (B1 bsl 18) bor (B2 bsl 12) bor (B3 bsl 6) bor B4,
+            Octet1 = Bits4x6 bsr 16,
+            Octet2 = (Bits4x6 bsr 8) band 16#ff,
+            Octet3 = Bits4x6 band 16#ff,
+            [Octet1, Octet2, Octet3 | decode_list_to_string(Cs)]
+    end.
+
+only_ws([], A) ->
+    A;
+only_ws([C | Cs], A) ->
+    case b64d(C) of
+        ws -> only_ws(Cs, A)
     end.
-    
+
+%%%========================================================================
+%%% Internal functions
+%%%========================================================================
+
 %% accessors 
+-compile({inline, [{b64d, 1}]}).
+%% One-based decode map.
+b64d(X) ->
+    element(X,
+            {bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,ws,ws,bad,bad,ws,bad,bad, %1-15
+             bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad, %16-31
+             ws,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,62,bad,bad,bad,63, %32-47
+             52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,bad,bad,bad,eq,bad,bad, %48-63
+             bad,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,
+             15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+             bad,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,
+             41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+             bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+             bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+             bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+             bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+             bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+             bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+             bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+             bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad}).
+
+-compile({inline, [{b64e, 1}]}).
 b64e(X) ->
     element(X+1,
 	    {$A, $B, $C, $D, $E, $F, $G, $H, $I, $J, $K, $L, $M, $N,
@@ -404,9 +463,3 @@ b64e(X) ->
 	     $a, $b, $c, $d, $e, $f, $g, $h, $i, $j, $k, $l, $m, $n,
 	     $o, $p, $q, $r, $s, $t, $u, $v, $w, $x, $y, $z,
 	     $0, $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $+, $/}).
-
-
-b64d(X) ->
-    b64d_ok(element(X, ?DECODE_MAP)).
-
-b64d_ok(I) when is_integer(I) -> I.
diff --git a/lib/stdlib/test/base64_SUITE.erl b/lib/stdlib/test/base64_SUITE.erl
index 48b3f5f959..1fc4c3fc0e 100644
--- a/lib/stdlib/test/base64_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/stdlib/test/base64_SUITE.erl
@@ -97,10 +97,9 @@ base64_otp_5635(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
     <<"===">> = base64:decode(base64:encode("===")),
     ok.
 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% OTP-6279: Guard needed so that function fails in a correct
-%% way for faulty input, i.e. function_clause.
+%% OTP-6279: Make sure illegal characters are rejected when decoding.
 base64_otp_6279(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
-    {'EXIT',{function_clause, _}} = (catch base64:decode("dGVzda==a")),
+    {'EXIT',_} = (catch base64:decode("dGVzda==a")),
     ok.
 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 %% Encode and decode big binaries.
@@ -115,48 +114,61 @@ big(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 %% Make sure illegal characters are rejected when decoding.
 illegal(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
-    {'EXIT',{function_clause, _}} = (catch base64:decode("()")),
+    %% A few samples with different error reasons. Nothing can be
+    %% assumed about the reason for the crash.
+    {'EXIT',_} = (catch base64:decode("()")),
+    {'EXIT',_} = (catch base64:decode(<<19:8,20:8,21:8,22:8>>)),
+    {'EXIT',_} = (catch base64:decode([19,20,21,22])),
+    {'EXIT',_} = (catch base64:decode_to_string(<<19:8,20:8,21:8,22:8>>)),
+    {'EXIT',_} = (catch base64:decode_to_string([19,20,21,22])),
     ok.
 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 %% mime_decode and mime_decode_to_string have different implementations
-%% so test both with the same input separately. Both functions have
-%% the same implementation for binary/string arguments.
+%% so test both with the same input separately.
 %%
 %% Test base64:mime_decode/1.
 mime_decode(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
+    MimeDecode = fun(In) ->
+                         Out = base64:mime_decode(In),
+                         Out = base64:mime_decode(binary_to_list(In))
+                 end,
     %% Test correct padding
-    <<"one">> = base64:mime_decode(<<"b25l">>),
-    <<"on">>  = base64:mime_decode(<<"b24=">>),
-    <<"o">>   = base64:mime_decode(<<"bw==">>),
+    <<"one">> = MimeDecode(<<"b25l">>),
+    <<"on">>  = MimeDecode(<<"b24=">>),
+    <<"o">>   = MimeDecode(<<"bw==">>),
     %% Test 1 extra padding
-    <<"one">> = base64:mime_decode(<<"b25l= =">>),
-    <<"on">>  = base64:mime_decode(<<"b24== =">>),
-    <<"o">>   = base64:mime_decode(<<"bw=== =">>),
+    <<"one">> = MimeDecode(<<"b25l= =">>),
+    <<"on">>  = MimeDecode(<<"b24== =">>),
+    <<"o">>   = MimeDecode(<<"bw=== =">>),
     %% Test 2 extra padding
-    <<"one">> = base64:mime_decode(<<"b25l===">>),
-    <<"on">>  = base64:mime_decode(<<"b24====">>),
-    <<"o">>   = base64:mime_decode(<<"bw=====">>),
+    <<"one">> = MimeDecode(<<"b25l===">>),
+    <<"on">>  = MimeDecode(<<"b24====">>),
+    <<"o">>   = MimeDecode(<<"bw=====">>),
     %% Test misc embedded padding
-    <<"one">> = base64:mime_decode(<<"b2=5l===">>),
-    <<"on">>  = base64:mime_decode(<<"b=24====">>),
-    <<"o">>   = base64:mime_decode(<<"b=w=====">>),
+    <<"one">> = MimeDecode(<<"b2=5l===">>),
+    <<"on">>  = MimeDecode(<<"b=24====">>),
+    <<"o">>   = MimeDecode(<<"b=w=====">>),
     %% Test misc white space and illegals with embedded padding
-    <<"one">> = base64:mime_decode(<<" b~2=\r\n5()l===">>),
-    <<"on">>  = base64:mime_decode(<<"\tb =2\"¤4=¤=   ==">>),
-    <<"o">>   = base64:mime_decode(<<"\nb=w=====">>),
+    <<"one">> = MimeDecode(<<" b~2=\r\n5()l===">>),
+    <<"on">>  = MimeDecode(<<"\tb =2\"¤4=¤=   ==">>),
+    <<"o">>   = MimeDecode(<<"\nb=w=====">>),
     %% Two pads
     <<"Aladdin:open sesame">> =
-	base64:mime_decode("QWxhZGRpbjpvc()GVuIHNlc2FtZQ=="),
+	MimeDecode(<<"QWxhZGRpbjpvc()GVuIHNlc2FtZQ==">>),
     %% One pad to ignore, followed by more text
-    <<"Hello World!!">> = base64:mime_decode(<<"SGVsb)(G8gV29ybGQ=h IQ= =">>),
+    <<"Hello World!!">> = MimeDecode(<<"SGVsb)(G8gV29ybGQ=h IQ= =">>),
     %% No pad
     <<"Aladdin:open sesam">> =
-	base64:mime_decode("QWxhZGRpbjpvcG¤\")(VuIHNlc2Ft"),
+	MimeDecode(<<"QWxhZGRpbjpvcG¤\")(VuIHNlc2Ft">>),
     %% Encoded base 64 strings may be divided by non base 64 chars.
     %% In this cases whitespaces.
     <<"0123456789!@#0^&*();:<>,. []{}">> =
-	base64:mime_decode(
+	MimeDecode(
 	  <<"MDEy MzQ1Njc4 \tOSFAIzBeJ \nio)(oKTs6 PD4sLi \r\nBbXXt9">>),
+    %% Zeroes
+    <<"012">> = MimeDecode(<<"\000M\000D\000E\000y=\000">>),
+    <<"o">>   = MimeDecode(<<"bw==\000">>),
+    <<"o">>   = MimeDecode(<<"bw=\000=">>),
     ok.
 
 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -165,39 +177,48 @@ mime_decode(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
 
 %% Test base64:mime_decode_to_string/1.
 mime_decode_to_string(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
+    MimeDecodeToString =
+        fun(In) ->
+                Out = base64:mime_decode_to_string(In),
+                Out = base64:mime_decode_to_string(binary_to_list(In))
+        end,
     %% Test correct padding
-    "one" = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"b25l">>),
-    "on"  = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"b24=">>),
-    "o"   = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"bw==">>),
+    "one" = MimeDecodeToString(<<"b25l">>),
+    "on"  = MimeDecodeToString(<<"b24=">>),
+    "o"   = MimeDecodeToString(<<"bw==">>),
     %% Test 1 extra padding
-    "one" = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"b25l= =">>),
-    "on"  = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"b24== =">>),
-    "o"   = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"bw=== =">>),
+    "one" = MimeDecodeToString(<<"b25l= =">>),
+    "on"  = MimeDecodeToString(<<"b24== =">>),
+    "o"   = MimeDecodeToString(<<"bw=== =">>),
     %% Test 2 extra padding
-    "one" = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"b25l===">>),
-    "on"  = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"b24====">>),
-    "o"   = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"bw=====">>),
+    "one" = MimeDecodeToString(<<"b25l===">>),
+    "on"  = MimeDecodeToString(<<"b24====">>),
+    "o"   = MimeDecodeToString(<<"bw=====">>),
     %% Test misc embedded padding
-    "one" = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"b2=5l===">>),
-    "on"  = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"b=24====">>),
-    "o"   = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"b=w=====">>),
+    "one" = MimeDecodeToString(<<"b2=5l===">>),
+    "on"  = MimeDecodeToString(<<"b=24====">>),
+    "o"   = MimeDecodeToString(<<"b=w=====">>),
     %% Test misc white space and illegals with embedded padding
-    "one" = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<" b~2=\r\n5()l===">>),
-    "on"  = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"\tb =2\"¤4=¤=   ==">>),
-    "o"   = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"\nb=w=====">>),
+    "one" = MimeDecodeToString(<<" b~2=\r\n5()l===">>),
+    "on"  = MimeDecodeToString(<<"\tb =2\"¤4=¤=   ==">>),
+    "o"   = MimeDecodeToString(<<"\nb=w=====">>),
     %% Two pads
     "Aladdin:open sesame" =
-	base64:mime_decode_to_string("QWxhZGRpbjpvc()GVuIHNlc2FtZQ=="),
+	MimeDecodeToString(<<"QWxhZGRpbjpvc()GVuIHNlc2FtZQ==">>),
     %% One pad to ignore, followed by more text
-    "Hello World!!" = base64:mime_decode_to_string(<<"SGVsb)(G8gV29ybGQ=h IQ= =">>),
+    "Hello World!!" = MimeDecodeToString(<<"SGVsb)(G8gV29ybGQ=h IQ= =">>),
     %% No pad
     "Aladdin:open sesam" =
-	base64:mime_decode_to_string("QWxhZGRpbjpvcG¤\")(VuIHNlc2Ft"),
+	MimeDecodeToString(<<"QWxhZGRpbjpvcG¤\")(VuIHNlc2Ft">>),
     %% Encoded base 64 strings may be divided by non base 64 chars.
     %% In this cases whitespaces.
     "0123456789!@#0^&*();:<>,. []{}" =
-	base64:mime_decode_to_string(
+	MimeDecodeToString(
 	  <<"MDEy MzQ1Njc4 \tOSFAIzBeJ \nio)(oKTs6 PD4sLi \r\nBbXXt9">>),
+    %% Zeroes
+    "012" = MimeDecodeToString(<<"\000M\000D\000E\000y=\000">>),
+    "o"   = MimeDecodeToString(<<"bw==\000">>),
+    "o"   = MimeDecodeToString(<<"bw=\000=">>),
     ok.
 
 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/lib/stdlib/test/stdlib_bench_SUITE.erl b/lib/stdlib/test/stdlib_bench_SUITE.erl
index 8670e7029c..2a9981bb9e 100644
--- a/lib/stdlib/test/stdlib_bench_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/stdlib/test/stdlib_bench_SUITE.erl
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 %%
 %% %CopyrightBegin%
 %%
-%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2012-2016. All Rights Reserved.
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2012-2017. All Rights Reserved.
 %%
 %% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 %% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -28,13 +28,20 @@ suite() -> [{ct_hooks,[{ts_install_cth,[{nodenames,2}]}]}].
 
 
 all() ->
-    [{group,unicode}].
+    [{group,unicode}, {group,base64}].
 
 groups() ->
     [{unicode,[{repeat,5}],
       [norm_nfc_list, norm_nfc_deep_l, norm_nfc_binary,
        string_lexemes_list, string_lexemes_binary
-      ]}].
+      ]},
+     {base64,[{repeat,5}],
+      [decode_binary, decode_binary_to_string,
+       decode_list, decode_list_to_string,
+       encode_binary, encode_binary_to_string,
+       encode_list, encode_list_to_string,
+       mime_binary_decode, mime_binary_decode_to_string,
+       mime_list_decode, mime_list_decode_to_string]}].
 
 init_per_group(_GroupName, Config) ->
     Config.
@@ -105,3 +112,97 @@ norm_data(Config) ->
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 
+decode_binary(_Config) ->
+    test(decode, encoded_binary()).
+
+decode_binary_to_string(_Config) ->
+    test(decode_to_string, encoded_binary()).
+
+decode_list(_Config) ->
+    test(decode, encoded_list()).
+
+decode_list_to_string(_Config) ->
+    test(decode_to_string, encoded_list()).
+
+encode_binary(_Config) ->
+    test(encode, binary()).
+
+encode_binary_to_string(_Config) ->
+    test(encode_to_string, binary()).
+
+encode_list(_Config) ->
+    test(encode, list()).
+
+encode_list_to_string(_Config) ->
+    test(encode_to_string, list()).
+
+mime_binary_decode(_Config) ->
+    test(mime_decode, encoded_binary()).
+
+mime_binary_decode_to_string(_Config) ->
+    test(mime_decode_to_string, encoded_binary()).
+
+mime_list_decode(_Config) ->
+    test(mime_decode, encoded_list()).
+
+mime_list_decode_to_string(_Config) ->
+    test(mime_decode_to_string, encoded_list()).
+
+-define(SIZE, 10000).
+-define(N, 1000).
+
+encoded_binary() ->
+    list_to_binary(encoded_list()).
+
+encoded_list() ->
+    L = random_byte_list(round(?SIZE*0.75)),
+    base64:encode_to_string(L).
+
+binary() ->
+    list_to_binary(list()).
+
+list() ->
+    random_byte_list(?SIZE).
+
+test(Func, Data) ->
+    F = fun() -> loop(?N, Func, Data) end,
+    {Time, ok} = timer:tc(fun() -> lspawn(F) end),
+    report_base64(Time).
+
+loop(0, _F, _D) -> garbage_collect(), ok;
+loop(N, F, D) ->
+    _ = base64:F(D),
+    loop(N - 1, F, D).
+
+lspawn(Fun) ->
+    {Pid, Ref} = spawn_monitor(fun() -> exit(Fun()) end),
+    receive
+        {'DOWN', Ref, process, Pid, Rep} -> Rep
+    end.
+
+report_base64(Time) ->
+    Tps = round((?N*1000000)/Time),
+    ct_event:notify(#event{name = benchmark_data,
+                           data = [{suite, "stdlib_base64"},
+                                   {value, Tps}]}),
+    Tps.
+
+%% Copied from base64_SUITE.erl.
+
+random_byte_list(N) ->
+    random_byte_list(N, []).
+
+random_byte_list(0, Acc) ->
+    Acc;
+random_byte_list(N, Acc) ->
+    random_byte_list(N-1, [rand:uniform(255)|Acc]).
+
+make_big_binary(N) ->
+    list_to_binary(mbb(N, [])).
+
+mbb(N, Acc) when N > 256 ->
+    B = list_to_binary(lists:seq(0, 255)),
+    mbb(N - 256, [B | Acc]);
+mbb(N, Acc) ->
+    B = list_to_binary(lists:seq(0, N-1)),
+    lists:reverse(Acc, B).