diff options
20 files changed, 199 insertions, 56 deletions
diff --git a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_config.erl b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_config.erl index 270faa9542..c0a4f7df69 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_config.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_config.erl @@ -35,10 +35,11 @@ %% -module(diameter_config). --compile({no_auto_import, [monitor/2]}). - -behaviour(gen_server). +-compile({no_auto_import, [monitor/2, now/0]}). +-import(diameter_lib, [now/0]). + -export([start_service/2, stop_service/1, add_transport/2, diff --git a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_lib.erl b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_lib.erl index cd88619b66..d0d730f47c 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_lib.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_lib.erl @@ -18,12 +18,18 @@ %% -module(diameter_lib). +-compile({no_auto_import, [now/0]}). -export([info_report/2, error_report/2, warning_report/2, + now/0, + timestamp/1, now_diff/1, + micro_diff/1, + micro_diff/2, time/1, + seed/0, eval/1, eval_name/1, get_stacktrace/0, @@ -92,13 +98,50 @@ fmt(T) -> end. %% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% # now/0 +%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +-type timestamp() :: {non_neg_integer(), 0..999999, 0..999999}. +-type now() :: integer() %% monotonic time + | timestamp(). + +-spec now() + -> now(). + +%% Use monotonic time if it exists, fall back to erlang:now() +%% otherwise. + +now() -> + try + erlang:monotonic_time() + catch + error: undef -> erlang:now() + end. + +%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% # timestamp/1 +%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +-spec timestamp(NowT :: now()) + -> timestamp(). + +timestamp({_,_,_} = T) -> %% erlang:now() + T; + +timestamp(MonoT) -> %% monotonic time + MicroSecs = erlang:convert_time_resolution(MonoT + erlang:time_offset(), + erlang:time_resolution(), + 1000000), + Secs = MicroSecs div 1000000, + {Secs div 1000000, Secs rem 1000000, MicroSecs rem 1000000}. + +%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- %% # now_diff/1 %% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- --spec now_diff(NowT) +-spec now_diff(NowT :: now()) -> {Hours, Mins, Secs, MicroSecs} - when NowT :: {non_neg_integer(), 0..999999, 0..999999}, - Hours :: non_neg_integer(), + when Hours :: non_neg_integer(), Mins :: 0..59, Secs :: 0..59, MicroSecs :: 0..999999. @@ -106,8 +149,41 @@ fmt(T) -> %% Return timer:now_diff(now(), NowT) as an {H, M, S, MicroS} tuple %% instead of as integer microseconds. -now_diff({_,_,_} = Time) -> - time(timer:now_diff(now(), Time)). +now_diff(Time) -> + time(micro_diff(Time)). + +%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% # micro_diff/1 +%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +-spec micro_diff(NowT :: now()) + -> MicroSecs + when MicroSecs :: non_neg_integer(). + +micro_diff({_,_,_} = T0) -> + timer:now_diff(erlang:now(), T0); + +micro_diff(T0) -> %% monotonic time + erlang:convert_time_resolution(erlang:monotonic_time() - T0, + erlang:time_resolution(), + 1000000). + +%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% # micro_diff/2 +%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +-spec micro_diff(T1 :: now(), T0 :: now()) + -> MicroSecs + when MicroSecs :: non_neg_integer(). + +micro_diff(T1, T0) + when is_integer(T1), is_integer(T0) -> %% monotonic time + erlang:convert_time_resolution(T1 - T0, + erlang:time_resolution(), + 1000000); + +micro_diff(T1, T0) -> %% at least one erlang:now() + timer:now_diff(timestamp(T1), timestamp(T0)). %% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- %% # time/1 @@ -117,7 +193,7 @@ now_diff({_,_,_} = Time) -> -spec time(NowT | Diff) -> {Hours, Mins, Secs, MicroSecs} - when NowT :: {non_neg_integer(), 0..999999, 0..999999}, + when NowT :: timestamp(), Diff :: non_neg_integer(), Hours :: non_neg_integer(), Mins :: 0..59, @@ -136,6 +212,27 @@ time(Micro) -> %% elapsed time {H, M, S, Micro rem 1000000}. %% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% # seed/0 +%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +-spec seed() + -> {timestamp(), {integer(), integer(), integer()}}. + +%% Return an argument for random:seed/1. + +seed() -> + T = now(), + {timestamp(T), seed(T)}. + +%% seed/1 + +seed({_,_,_} = T) -> + T; + +seed(T) -> %% monotonic time + {erlang:phash2(node()), T, erlang:unique_integer()}. + +%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- %% # eval/1 %% %% Evaluate a function in various forms. diff --git a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_peer.erl b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_peer.erl index e5d4b28766..ea326dd03e 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_peer.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_peer.erl @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% -%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2013. All Rights Reserved. +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2015. All Rights Reserved. %% %% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, %% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -18,9 +18,11 @@ %% -module(diameter_peer). - -behaviour(gen_server). +-compile({no_auto_import, [now/0]}). +-import(diameter_lib, [now/0]). + %% Interface towards transport modules ... -export([recv/2, up/1, diff --git a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_reg.erl b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_reg.erl index 3197c1aee1..f785777874 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_reg.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_reg.erl @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% -%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2013. All Rights Reserved. +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2015. All Rights Reserved. %% %% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, %% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -22,10 +22,11 @@ %% -module(diameter_reg). --compile({no_auto_import, [monitor/2]}). - -behaviour(gen_server). +-compile({no_auto_import, [monitor/2, now/0]}). +-import(diameter_lib, [now/0]). + -export([add/1, add_new/1, del/1, diff --git a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_service.erl b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_service.erl index e1cc7bdfc9..04401a3d87 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_service.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_service.erl @@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ -module(diameter_service). -behaviour(gen_server). +-compile({no_auto_import, [now/0]}). +-import(diameter_lib, [now/0]). + %% towards diameter_service_sup -export([start_link/1]). @@ -1197,7 +1200,7 @@ connect_timer(Opts, Def0) -> %% continuous restarted in case of faulty config or other problems. tc(Time, Tc) -> choose(Tc > ?RESTART_TC - orelse timer:now_diff(now(), Time) > 1000*?RESTART_TC, + orelse diameter_lib:micro_diff(Time) > 1000*?RESTART_TC, Tc, ?RESTART_TC). diff --git a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_session.erl b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_session.erl index 3b236f109a..c5ea0428b5 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_session.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_session.erl @@ -157,8 +157,8 @@ session_id(Host) -> %% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- init() -> - Now = now(), - random:seed(Now), + {Now, Seed} = diameter_lib:seed(), + random:seed(Seed), Time = time32(Now), Seq = (?INT32 band (Time bsl 20)) bor (random:uniform(1 bsl 20) - 1), ets:insert(diameter_sequence, [{origin_state_id, Time}, diff --git a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_stats.erl b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_stats.erl index 8353613d32..64ea082be0 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_stats.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_stats.erl @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% -%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2014. All Rights Reserved. +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2015. All Rights Reserved. %% %% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, %% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -22,9 +22,11 @@ %% -module(diameter_stats). - -behaviour(gen_server). +-compile({no_auto_import, [now/0]}). +-import(diameter_lib, [now/0]). + -export([reg/2, reg/1, incr/3, incr/1, read/1, diff --git a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_sync.erl b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_sync.erl index ce2db4b3a2..90eabece3d 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_sync.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_sync.erl @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% -%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2011. All Rights Reserved. +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2015. All Rights Reserved. %% %% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, %% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ -module(diameter_sync). -behaviour(gen_server). +-compile({no_auto_import, [now/0]}). +-import(diameter_lib, [now/0]). + -export([call/4, call/5, cast/4, cast/5, carp/1, carp/2]). diff --git a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_watchdog.erl b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_watchdog.erl index b7f2d24941..67715906e8 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_watchdog.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_watchdog.erl @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% -%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2014. All Rights Reserved. +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2015. All Rights Reserved. %% %% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, %% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -122,7 +122,8 @@ i({Ack, T, Pid, {RecvData, = Svc}}) -> erlang:monitor(process, Pid), wait(Ack, Pid), - random:seed(now()), + {_, Seed} = diameter_lib:seed(), + random:seed(Seed), putr(restart, {T, Opts, Svc}), %% save seeing it in trace putr(dwr, dwr(Caps)), %% {_,_} = Mask = proplists:get_value(sequence, SvcOpts), diff --git a/lib/diameter/src/transport/diameter_sctp.erl b/lib/diameter/src/transport/diameter_sctp.erl index 66cffa41c0..2c8d6f0a14 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/src/transport/diameter_sctp.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/src/transport/diameter_sctp.erl @@ -18,9 +18,11 @@ %% -module(diameter_sctp). - -behaviour(gen_server). +-compile({no_auto_import, [now/0]}). +-import(diameter_lib, [now/0]). + %% interface -export([start/3]). diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_capx_SUITE.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_capx_SUITE.erl index deabdd720b..02501ce779 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_capx_SUITE.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_capx_SUITE.erl @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% -%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2013. All Rights Reserved. +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2015. All Rights Reserved. %% %% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, %% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ end_per_suite(_Config) -> %% Generate a unique hostname for each testcase so that watchdogs %% don't prevent a connection from being brought up immediately. init_per_testcase(Name, Config) -> - Uniq = ["." ++ integer_to_list(N) || N <- tuple_to_list(now())], - [{host, lists:flatten([?L(Name) | Uniq])} | Config]. + [{host, ?L(Name) ++ "." ++ diameter_util:unique_string()} + | Config]. init_per_group(Name, Config) -> [{rfc, Name} | Config]. diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_codec_test.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_codec_test.erl index 90536dcf2b..472755c62a 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_codec_test.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_codec_test.erl @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% -%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2014. All Rights Reserved. +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2015. All Rights Reserved. %% %% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, %% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -229,8 +229,7 @@ v(Max, Ord, E) when Ord =< Max -> diameter_enum:to_list(E); v(Max, Ord, E) -> - {M,S,U} = now(), - random:seed(M,S,U), + random:seed(diameter_util:seed()), v(Max, Ord, E, []). v(0, _, _, Acc) -> @@ -512,7 +511,7 @@ random(Mn,Mx) -> seed(undefined) -> put({?MODULE, seed}, true), - random:seed(now()); + random:seed(diameter_util:seed()); seed(true) -> ok. diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_ct.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_ct.erl index ed2f884681..85c502ea7f 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_ct.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_ct.erl @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% -%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2013. All Rights Reserved. +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2015. All Rights Reserved. %% %% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, %% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ ct_run(Opts) -> info(Start , info()). info() -> - [{time, now()}, + [{time, diameter_lib:now()}, {process_count, erlang:system_info(process_count)} | erlang:memory()]. @@ -56,6 +56,6 @@ info(L0, L1) -> io:format("INFO: ~p~n", [Diff]). diff(time, T0, T1) -> - timer:now_diff(T1, T0); + diameter_lib:micro_diff(T1, T0); diff(_, N0, N1) -> N1 - N0. diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_event_SUITE.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_event_SUITE.erl index f43f111d20..bfe160203c 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_event_SUITE.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_event_SUITE.erl @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% -%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2013. All Rights Reserved. +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2013-15. All Rights Reserved. %% %% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, %% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -168,16 +168,15 @@ connect(Config, Opts) -> {Name, Ref}. uniq() -> - {MS,S,US} = now(), - lists:flatten(io_lib:format("-~p-~p-~p-", [MS,S,US])). + "-" ++ diameter_util:unique_string(). event(Name) -> receive #diameter_event{service = Name, info = T} -> T end. event(Name, TL, TH) -> - T0 = now(), + T0 = diameter_lib:now(), Event = event(Name), - DT = timer:now_diff(now(), T0) div 1000, + DT = diameter_lib:micro_diff(T0) div 1000, {true, true, DT, Event} = {TL < DT, DT < TH, DT, Event}, Event. diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_examples_SUITE.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_examples_SUITE.erl index dc0b466b59..ef8e459175 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_examples_SUITE.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_examples_SUITE.erl @@ -295,15 +295,15 @@ slave() -> [{timetrap, {minutes, 10}}]. slave(_) -> - T0 = now(), + T0 = diameter_lib:now(), {ok, Node} = ct_slave:start(?MODULE, ?TIMEOUTS), - T1 = now(), + T1 = diameter_lib:now(), T2 = rpc:call(Node, erlang, now, []), {ok, Node} = ct_slave:stop(?MODULE), - now_diff([T0, T1, T2, now()]). + now_diff([T0, T1, T2, diameter_lib:now()]). now_diff([T1,T2|_] = Ts) -> - [timer:now_diff(T2,T1) | now_diff(tl(Ts))]; + [diameter_lib:micro_diff(T2,T1) | now_diff(tl(Ts))]; now_diff(_) -> []. diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_gen_sctp_SUITE.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_gen_sctp_SUITE.erl index 25017272b5..4ea5e80095 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_gen_sctp_SUITE.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_gen_sctp_SUITE.erl @@ -296,11 +296,12 @@ connect2(Pid, PortNr, Bin) -> %% T2 = time after listening process received our message %% T3 = time after reply is received - T1 = now(), + T1 = diameter_util:timestamp(), ok = send(Sock, Id, Bin), T2 = unmark(recv(Sock, Id)), - T3 = now(), - {timer:now_diff(T2, T1), timer:now_diff(T3, T2)}. %% {Outbound, Inbound} + T3 = diameter_util:timestamp(), + {diameter_lib:micro_diff(T2, T1), %% Outbound + diameter_lib:micro_diff(T3, T2)}. %% Inbound %% recv/2 @@ -325,7 +326,7 @@ send(Sock, Id, Bin) -> %% mark/1 mark(Bin) -> - Info = term_to_binary(now()), + Info = term_to_binary(diameter_util:timestamp()), <<Info/binary, Bin/binary>>. %% unmark/1 diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_traffic_SUITE.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_traffic_SUITE.erl index 03815f283e..9822b95301 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_traffic_SUITE.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_traffic_SUITE.erl @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% -%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2014. All Rights Reserved. +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2015. All Rights Reserved. %% %% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, %% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ call(Config, Req, Opts) -> diameter:call(?CLIENT, dict(Req, Dict0), msg(Req, ReqEncoding, Dict0), - [{extra, [{Name, Group}, now()]} | Opts]). + [{extra, [{Name, Group}, diameter_lib:now()]} | Opts]). origin({A,C}) -> 2*codec(A) + container(C); @@ -1076,8 +1076,10 @@ app(Req, _, Dict0) -> %% handle_error/6 handle_error(timeout = Reason, _Req, ?CLIENT, _Peer, _, Time) -> - Now = now(), - {Reason, {Time, Now, timer:now_diff(Now, Time)}}; + Now = diameter_lib:now(), + {Reason, {diameter_lib:timestamp(Time), + diameter_lib:timestamp(Now), + diameter_lib:micro_diff(Now, Time)}}; handle_error(Reason, _Req, ?CLIENT, _Peer, _, _Time) -> {error, Reason}. diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_transport_SUITE.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_transport_SUITE.erl index 84ab6cbdc4..f098851bea 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_transport_SUITE.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_transport_SUITE.erl @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ %% Receive a message. -define(RECV(Pat, Ret), receive Pat -> Ret end). --define(RECV(Pat), ?RECV(Pat, now())). +-define(RECV(Pat), ?RECV(Pat, diameter_util:timestamp())). %% Sockets are opened on the loopback address. -define(ADDR, {127,0,0,1}). @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ reconnect(_) -> || T <- [listen, connect]]). start_service(SvcName) -> - OH = io_lib:format("~p-~p-~p", tuple_to_list(now())), + OH = diameter_util:unique_string(), Opts = [{application, [{dictionary, diameter_gen_base_rfc6733}, {module, diameter_callback}]}, {'Origin-Host', OH}, @@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ make_msg() -> %% crypto:rand_bytes/1 isn't available on all platforms (since openssl %% isn't) so roll our own. rand_bytes(N) -> - random:seed(now()), + random:seed(diameter_util:seed()), rand_bytes(N, <<>>). rand_bytes(0, Bin) -> @@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ gen_accept(tcp, LSock) -> gen_send(sctp, Sock, Bin) -> {OS, _IS, Id} = getr(assoc), - {_, _, Us} = now(), + {_, _, Us} = diameter_util:timestamp(), gen_sctp:send(Sock, Id, Us rem OS, Bin); gen_send(tcp, Sock, Bin) -> gen_tcp:send(Sock, Bin). diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_util.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_util.erl index e95cbfceb5..c496876ee1 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_util.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_util.erl @@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ fold/3, foldl/3, scramble/1, + timestamp/0, + seed/0, + unique_string/0, have_sctp/0]). %% diameter-specific @@ -175,7 +178,7 @@ scramble(L) -> [[fun s/1, L]]). s(L) -> - random:seed(now()), + random:seed(seed()), s([], L). s(Acc, []) -> @@ -185,6 +188,31 @@ s(Acc, L) -> s([T|Acc], H ++ Rest). %% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% timestamp/0 + +timestamp() -> + diameter_lib:timestamp(diameter_lib:now()). + +%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% seed/0 + +seed() -> + {_,T} = diameter_lib:seed(), + T. + +%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% unique_string/0 + +unique_string() -> + us(diameter_lib:now()). + +us({M,S,U}) -> + tl(lists:append(["-" ++ integer_to_list(N) || N <- [M,S,U]])); + +us(MonoT) -> + integer_to_list(MonoT). + +%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- %% have_sctp/0 have_sctp() -> diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_watchdog_SUITE.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_watchdog_SUITE.erl index b6e8730ec2..5a3ff2c92f 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_watchdog_SUITE.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_watchdog_SUITE.erl @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% -%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2013. All Rights Reserved. +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2015. All Rights Reserved. %% %% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, %% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -420,6 +420,7 @@ suspect(TRef, false, SvcName, N) -> %% abuse/1 abuse(F) -> + [] = run([[abuse, F, T] || T <- [listen, connect]]). abuse(F, [_,_,_|_] = Args) -> @@ -672,7 +673,8 @@ jitter(T,D) -> %% Generate a unique hostname for the faked peer. hostname() -> - lists:flatten(io_lib:format("~p-~p-~p", tuple_to_list(now()))). + {M,S,U} = diameter_util:timestamp(), + lists:flatten(io_lib:format("~p-~p-~p", [M,S,U])). putr(Key, Val) -> put({?MODULE, Key}, Val). |