diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'erts/doc/src/erlang.xml')
| -rw-r--r-- | erts/doc/src/erlang.xml | 252 |
1 files changed, 137 insertions, 115 deletions
diff --git a/erts/doc/src/erlang.xml b/erts/doc/src/erlang.xml index 9287b32fec..fa13e4c142 100644 --- a/erts/doc/src/erlang.xml +++ b/erts/doc/src/erlang.xml @@ -1802,6 +1802,8 @@ os_prompt% </pre> <tag>string()</tag> <item>An Erlang crash dump is produced with <c><anno>Status</anno></c> as slogan. Then the runtime system exits with status code <c>1</c>. + Note that only code points in the range 0-255 may be used + and the string will be truncated if longer than 200 characters. </item> <tag><c>abort</c></tag> <item> @@ -2914,107 +2916,105 @@ os_prompt% </pre> <func> <name name="monitor" arity="2" clause_i="1"/> <name name="monitor" arity="2" clause_i="2"/> + <name name="monitor" arity="2" clause_i="3"/> <fsummary>Starts monitoring.</fsummary> <type name="registered_name"/> <type name="registered_process_identifier"/> <type name="monitor_process_identifier"/> + <type name="monitor_port_identifier"/> <desc> - <p>Send a monitor request of type <c><anno>Type</anno></c> to the - entity identified by <c><anno>Item</anno></c>. The caller of - <c>monitor/2</c> will later be notified by a monitor message on the - following format if the monitored state is changed:</p> + <p>Sends a monitor request of type <c><anno>Type</anno></c> to the + entity identified by <c><anno>Item</anno></c>. If the monitored entity + does not exist or when it dies, the caller of <c>monitor/2</c> will + be notified by a message on the following format:</p> <code type="none">{Tag, <anno>MonitorRef</anno>, <anno>Type</anno>, Object, Info}</code> <note><p>The monitor request is an asynchronous signal. That is, it takes time before the signal reaches its destination.</p></note> - <p>Valid <c><anno>Type</anno></c>s:</p> - <taglist> - <tag><marker id="monitor_process"/><c>process</c></tag> - <item> - <p>Monitor the existence of the process identified by - <c><anno>Item</anno></c>. Valid - <c><anno>Item</anno></c>s in combination with the - <c>process <anno>Type</anno></c> can be any of the following:</p> - <taglist> - <tag><c>pid()</c></tag> - <item> - <p>The process identifier of the process to monitor.</p> - </item> - <tag><c>{RegisteredName, Node}</c></tag> - <item> - <p>A tuple consisting of a registered name of a process and - a node name. The process residing on the node <c>Node</c> - with the registered name <c>{RegisteredName, Node}</c> will - be monitored.</p> - </item> - <tag><c>RegisteredName</c></tag> - <item> - <p>The process locally registered as <c>RegisteredName</c> - will become monitored.</p> - </item> - </taglist> - <note><p>When a registered name is used, the - process that has the registered name when the - monitor request reach its destination will be monitored. - The monitor is not effected if the registered name is - unregistered, or unregistered and later registered on another - process.</p></note> - <p>The monitor is triggered either when the monitored process - terminates, is non existing, or if the connection to it is - lost. In the case the connection to it is lost, we do not know - if it still exist or not. After this type of monitor has been - triggered, the monitor is automatically removed.</p> - <p>When the monitor is triggered a <c>'DOWN'</c> message is - sent to the monitoring process. A <c>'DOWN'</c> message has - the following pattern:</p> - <code type="none">{'DOWN', MonitorRef, Type, Object, Info}</code> - <p>Here <c>MonitorRef</c> and <c>Type</c> are the same as - described earlier, and:</p> - <taglist> - <tag><c>Object</c></tag> - <item> - <p>equals:</p> - <taglist> - <tag><c><anno>Item</anno></c></tag> - <item>If <c><anno>Item</anno></c> is specified by a - process identifier.</item> - <tag><c>{RegisteredName, Node}</c></tag> - <item>If <c><anno>Item</anno></c> is specified as - <c>RegisteredName</c>, or <c>{RegisteredName, Node}</c> - where <c>Node</c> corresponds to the node that the - monitored process resides on.</item> - </taglist> - </item> - <tag><c>Info</c></tag> - <item> - <p>Either the exit reason of the process, <c>noproc</c> - (non-existing process), or <c>noconnection</c> (no - connection to the node where the monitored process - resides).</p></item> - </taglist> - <p>The monitoring is turned off when the <c>'DOWN'</c> - message is sent or when - <seealso marker="#demonitor/1">demonitor/1</seealso> - is called.</p> - <p>If an attempt is made to monitor a process on an older node - (where remote process monitoring is not implemented or - where remote process monitoring by registered name is not - implemented), the call fails with <c>badarg</c>.</p> - <note> - <p>The format of the <c>'DOWN'</c> message changed in ERTS - version 5.2 (OTP R9B) for monitoring - <em>by registered name</em>. Element <c>Object</c> of - the <c>'DOWN'</c> message could in earlier versions - sometimes be the process identifier of the monitored process and sometimes - be the registered name. Now element <c>Object</c> is - always a tuple consisting of the registered name and - the node name. Processes on new nodes (ERTS version 5.2 - or higher) always get <c>'DOWN'</c> messages on - the new format even if they are monitoring processes on old - nodes. Processes on old nodes always get <c>'DOWN'</c> - messages on the old format.</p> - </note> - </item> - <tag><marker id="monitor_time_offset"/><c>time_offset</c></tag> + + <p><c><anno>Type</anno></c> can be one of the following atoms: + <c>process</c>, <c>port</c> or <c>time_offset</c>.</p> + + <p>A monitor is triggered only once, after that it is removed from + both monitoring process and the monitored entity. + Monitors are fired when the monitored process or port terminates, + does not exist at the moment of creation, or if the connection to + it is lost. In the case with connection, we lose knowledge about + the fact if it still exists or not. The monitoring is also turned off + when <seealso marker="#demonitor/1">demonitor/1</seealso> + is called.</p> + + <p>When monitoring by name please note, that the <c>RegisteredName</c> + is resolved to <c>pid()</c> or <c>port()</c> only once + at the moment of monitor instantiation, later changes to the name + registration will not affect the existing monitor.</p> + + <p>When a monitor is triggered, a <c>'DOWN'</c> message that has the + following pattern <c>{'DOWN', MonitorRef, Type, Object, Info}</c> + is sent to the monitoring process.</p> + + <p>In monitor message <c>MonitorRef</c> and <c>Type</c> are the same as + described earlier, and:</p> + <taglist> + <tag><c>Object</c></tag> + <item> + <p>The monitored entity, which triggered the event. When monitoring + a local process or port, <c>Object</c> will be equal to the + <c>pid()</c> or <c>port()</c> that was being monitored. When + monitoring process or port by name, <c>Object</c> will have format + <c>{RegisteredName, Node}</c> where <c>RegisteredName</c> is the + name which has been used with <c>monitor/2</c> call and + <c>Node</c> is local or remote node name (for ports monitored by + name, <c>Node</c> is always local node name).</p> + </item> + <tag><c>Info</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Either the exit reason of the process, <c>noproc</c> + (process or port did not exist at the time of monitor creation), + or <c>noconnection</c> (no connection to the node where the + monitored process resides). </p></item> + </taglist> + + <p>If an attempt is made to monitor a process on an older node + (where remote process monitoring is not implemented or + where remote process monitoring by registered name is not + implemented), the call fails with <c>badarg</c>.</p> + <note> + <p>The format of the <c>'DOWN'</c> message changed in ERTS + version 5.2 (OTP R9B) for monitoring + <em>by registered name</em>. Element <c>Object</c> of + the <c>'DOWN'</c> message could in earlier versions + sometimes be the process identifier of the monitored process and sometimes + be the registered name. Now element <c>Object</c> is + always a tuple consisting of the registered name and + the node name. Processes on new nodes (ERTS version 5.2 + or higher) always get <c>'DOWN'</c> messages on + the new format even if they are monitoring processes on old + nodes. Processes on old nodes always get <c>'DOWN'</c> + messages on the old format.</p> + </note> + + <taglist> + <tag>Monitoring a <marker id="monitor_process"/><c>process</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Creates monitor between the current process and another + process identified by <c><anno>Item</anno></c>, which can be a + <c>pid()</c> (local or remote), an atom <c>RegisteredName</c> or + a tuple <c>{RegisteredName, Node}</c> for a registered process, + located elsewhere.</p> + </item> + + <tag>Monitoring a <marker id="monitor_port"/><c>port</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Creates monitor between the current process and a port + identified by <c><anno>Item</anno></c>, which can be a + <c>port()</c> (only local), an atom <c>RegisteredName</c> or + a tuple <c>{RegisteredName, Node}</c> for a registered port, + located on this node. Note, that attempt to monitor a remote port + will result in <c>badarg</c>.</p> + </item> + + <tag>Monitoring a + <marker id="monitor_time_offset"/><c>time_offset</c></tag> <item> <p>Monitor changes in <seealso marker="#time_offset/0">time offset</seealso> @@ -3070,15 +3070,17 @@ os_prompt% </pre> Note that you can observe the change of the time offset when calling <c>erlang:time_offset()</c> before you get the <c>'CHANGE'</c> message.</p> - </item> </taglist> + <p>Making several calls to <c>monitor/2</c> for the same - <c><anno>Item</anno></c> and/or <c><anno>Type</anno></c> is not - an error; it results in as many independent monitoring instances.</p> + <c><anno>Item</anno></c> and/or <c><anno>Type</anno></c> is not + an error; it results in as many independent monitoring instances.</p> + <p>The monitor functionality is expected to be extended. That is, - other <c><anno>Type</anno></c>s and <c><anno>Item</anno></c>s - are expected to be supported in a future release.</p> + other <c><anno>Type</anno></c>s and <c><anno>Item</anno></c>s + are expected to be supported in a future release.</p> + <note> <p>If or when <c>monitor/2</c> is extended, other possible values for <c>Tag</c>, <c>Object</c> and @@ -4148,6 +4150,22 @@ os_prompt% </pre> <func> <name name="port_info" arity="2" clause_i="8"/> + <fsummary>Which processes are monitoring this port.</fsummary> + <desc> + <p>Returns list of pids that are monitoring given port at the + moment.</p> + <p>If the port identified by <c><anno>Port</anno></c> is not open, + <c>undefined</c> is returned. If the port is closed and the + calling process was previously linked to the port, the exit + signal from the port is guaranteed to be delivered before + <c>port_info/2</c> returns <c>undefined</c>.</p> + <p>Failure: <c>badarg</c> if <c><anno>Port</anno></c> is not a local + port identifier, or an atom.</p> + </desc> + </func> + + <func> + <name name="port_info" arity="2" clause_i="9"/> <fsummary>Information about the name of a port.</fsummary> <desc> <p><c><anno>Name</anno></c> is the command name set by @@ -4163,7 +4181,7 @@ os_prompt% </pre> </func> <func> - <name name="port_info" arity="2" clause_i="9"/> + <name name="port_info" arity="2" clause_i="10"/> <fsummary>Information about the OS pid of a port.</fsummary> <desc> <p><c><anno>OsPid</anno></c> is the process identifier (or equivalent) @@ -4182,7 +4200,7 @@ os_prompt% </pre> </func> <func> - <name name="port_info" arity="2" clause_i="10"/> + <name name="port_info" arity="2" clause_i="11"/> <fsummary>Information about the output of a port.</fsummary> <desc> <p><c><anno>Bytes</anno></c> is the total number of bytes written @@ -4201,7 +4219,7 @@ os_prompt% </pre> </func> <func> - <name name="port_info" arity="2" clause_i="11"/> + <name name="port_info" arity="2" clause_i="12"/> <fsummary>Information about the parallelism hint of a port.</fsummary> <desc> <p><c><anno>Boolean</anno></c> corresponds to the port parallelism @@ -4212,7 +4230,7 @@ os_prompt% </pre> </func> <func> - <name name="port_info" arity="2" clause_i="12"/> + <name name="port_info" arity="2" clause_i="13"/> <fsummary>Information about the queue size of a port.</fsummary> <desc> <p><c><anno>Bytes</anno></c> is the total number @@ -4229,7 +4247,7 @@ os_prompt% </pre> </func> <func> - <name name="port_info" arity="2" clause_i="13"/> + <name name="port_info" arity="2" clause_i="14"/> <fsummary>Information about the registered name of a port.</fsummary> <desc> <p><c><anno>RegisteredName</anno></c> is the registered name of @@ -4449,11 +4467,6 @@ os_prompt% </pre> off heap. This is how messages always have been stored up until ERTS version 8.0. </p></item> - <tag><c>mixed</c></tag> - <item><p> - Messages may be placed either on the heap or outside - of the heap. - </p></item> </taglist> <p> The default <c>message_queue_data</c> process flag is determined @@ -4868,16 +4881,25 @@ os_prompt% </pre> <p>A list of monitors (started by <c>monitor/2</c>) that are active for the process. For a local process monitor or a remote process monitor by a process - identifier, the list item is <c>{process, <anno>Pid</anno>}</c>. - For a remote process - monitor by name, the list item is - <c>{process, {<anno>RegName</anno>, <anno>Node</anno>}}</c>.</p> + identifier, the list consists of:</p> + <taglist> + <tag><c>{process, <anno>Pid</anno>}</c></tag> + <item>Process is monitored by pid.</item> + <tag><c>{process, {<anno>RegName</anno>, <anno>Node</anno>}}</c></tag> + <item>Local or remote process is monitored by name.</item> + <tag><c>{port, PortId}</c></tag> + <item>Local port is monitored by port id.</item> + <tag><c>{port, {<anno>RegName</anno>, <anno>Node</anno>}}</c></tag> + <item>Local port is monitored by name. Please note, that + remote port monitors are not supported, so <c>Node</c> will + always be the local node name.</item> + </taglist> </item> <tag><c>{message_queue_data, <anno>MQD</anno>}</c></tag> <item> <p>Returns the current state of the <c>message_queue_data</c> process flag. <c><anno>MQD</anno></c> is either <c>off_heap</c>, - <c>on_heap</c>, or <c>mixed</c>. For more information, see the + or <c>on_heap</c>. For more information, see the documentation of <seealso marker="#process_flag_message_queue_data"><c>process_flag(message_queue_data, MQD)</c></seealso>.</p> @@ -5808,7 +5830,7 @@ true</pre> <item> <p>Sets the state of the <c>message_queue_data</c> process flag. <c><anno>MQD</anno></c> should be either <c>off_heap</c>, - <c>on_heap</c>, or <c>mixed</c>. The default + or <c>on_heap</c>. The default <c>message_queue_data</c> process flag is determined by the <seealso marker="erl#+hmqd"><c>+hmqd</c></seealso> <c>erl</c> command line argument. For more information, see the @@ -7164,7 +7186,7 @@ ok <tag><marker id="system_info_message_queue_data"><c>message_queue_data</c></marker></tag> <item> <p>Returns the default value of the <c>message_queue_data</c> - process flag which is either <c>off_heap</c>, <c>on_heap</c>, or <c>mixed</c>. + process flag which is either <c>off_heap</c>, or <c>on_heap</c>. This default is set by the <c>erl</c> command line argument <seealso marker="erl#+hmqd"><c>+hmqd</c></seealso>. For more information on the <c>message_queue_data</c> process flag, see documentation of |