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-rw-r--r--erts/doc/src/notes.xml6271
1 files changed, 6201 insertions, 70 deletions
diff --git a/erts/doc/src/notes.xml b/erts/doc/src/notes.xml
index f906019b14..775fed7faf 100644
--- a/erts/doc/src/notes.xml
+++ b/erts/doc/src/notes.xml
@@ -4,20 +4,21 @@
<chapter>
<header>
<copyright>
- <year>2004</year><year>2013</year>
+ <year>2004</year><year>2018</year>
<holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
- The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
- Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
- compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
- Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
- retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
-
- Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
- basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
- the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
- under the License.
+ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ limitations under the License.
</legalnotice>
@@ -30,22 +31,3723 @@
</header>
<p>This document describes the changes made to the ERTS application.</p>
-<section><title>Erts 6.4.1.7</title>
+<section><title>Erts 10.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
- A process communicating with a port via one of the
- <c>erlang:port_*</c> BIFs could potentially end up in an
- inconsistent state if the port terminated during the
- communication. When this occurred the process could later
- block in a <c>receive</c> even though it had messages
- matching in its message queue.</p>
+ Fix the seq_trace token to not be cleared when a process
+ receives messages sent by erts. Some examples of when
+ this could happen is all port BIFs, i.e.
+ <c>open_port</c>, <c>port_command</c> etc etc.</p>
<p>
- This bug was introduced in erts version 5.10 (OTP R16A).</p>
+ Fix so that messages sent by nifs can be traced using
+ normal and <c>seq_trace</c> tracing.</p>
<p>
- Own Id: OTP-13424 Aux Id: OTP-10336 </p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15038 Aux Id: ERL-602 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed specs and documentation for <c>process_info</c>
+ item <c>monitored_by</c> to include port identifiers and
+ nif resources as possible types.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15180 Aux Id: ERL-648 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug in generation of erl_crash.dump, which could
+ cause VM to crash.</p>
+ <p>
+ Bug exist since erts-9.2 (OTP-20.2).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15181</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug where ctrl-break or ctrl-c would not trigger the
+ break mode properly on Windows. This bug was introduced
+ in erts-10.0 (OTP-21).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15205</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix a performance bug for reception of UDP packages,
+ where a memory buffer would be reallocated when it should
+ not have been.</p>
+ <p>
+ Introduce a limit on the maximum automatic increase of
+ the UDP user-space buffer to the theoretical max of the
+ network PATH, i.e. 65535.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15206</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix alignment of erts allocator state internally in erts.
+ With the improper alignment the emulator would refuse to
+ start when compiled with clang on 32-bit systems.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15208 Aux Id: PR-1897 ERL-677 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug where too many concurrent calls to
+ <c>erlang:open_port({spawn,"cmd"},...)</c> would result
+ in the emulator terminating with the reason "Failed to
+ write to erl_child_setup: ". After this fix the
+ <c>open_port</c> call will throw an <c>emfile</c>
+ exception instead.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15210</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Upgraded the ERTS internal PCRE library from version 8.41
+ to version 8.42. See <url
+ href="http://pcre.org/original/changelog.txt">http://pcre.org/original/changelog.txt</url>
+ for information about changes made to PCRE. This library
+ implements major parts of the <seealso
+ marker="stdlib:re"><c>re</c></seealso> regular
+ expressions module.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15217</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix <c>open_port({fd,X,Y}, ...)</c> to release the file
+ descriptors from the pollset when closing the port.
+ Without this fix the same file descriptor number could
+ not be reused when doing multiple open_port and
+ port_close sequences.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15236 Aux Id: ERL-692 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in <c>float_to_list/2</c> and
+ <c>float_to_binary/2</c> with options
+ <c>[{decimals,0},compact]</c> causing totally wrong
+ results. Bug exists since OTP-21.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15276 Aux Id: PR-1920 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in <c>erlang:memory</c> causing <c>ets</c> to
+ report too much. This small false memory leak (16 bytes
+ each time) can only happen when a specific race condition
+ occurs between scheduler threads on a table with option
+ <c>write_concurrency</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15278</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Minor <c>configure</c> test fixes</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15282</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Improved robustness of distribution connection setup. In
+ OTP-21.0 a truly asynchronous connection setup was
+ introduced. This is further improvement on that work to
+ make the emulator more robust and also be able to recover
+ in cases when involved Erlang processes misbehave.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15297 Aux Id: OTP-15279, OTP-15280 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The socket options <c>recvtos</c>, <c>recvttl</c>,
+ <c>recvtclass</c> and <c>pktoptions</c> have been
+ implemented in the socket modules. See the documentation
+ for the <c>gen_tcp</c>, <c>gen_udp</c> and <c>inet</c>
+ modules. Note that support for these in the runtime
+ system is platform dependent. Especially for
+ <c>pktoptions</c> which is very Linux specific and
+ obsoleted by the RFCs that defined it.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15145 Aux Id: ERIERL-187 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 10.0.8</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ As of ERTS version 10.0 (OTP 21.0) the
+ <c>erl_child_setup</c> program, which creates port
+ programs, ignores <c>TERM</c> signals. This setting was
+ unintentionally inherited by port programs. Handling of
+ <c>TERM</c> signals in port programs has now been
+ restored to the default behavior. That is, terminate the
+ process.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15289 Aux Id: ERIERL-235, OTP-14943, ERL-576 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The fix made for OTP-15279 in erts-10.07 (OTP-21.0.8) was
+ not complete. It could cause a new connection attempt to
+ be incorrectly aborted in certain cases. This fix will
+ amend that flaw.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15296 Aux Id: OTP-15279, ERIERL-226 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 10.0.7</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A process could get stuck in an infinite rescheduling
+ loop between normal and dirty schedulers. This bug was
+ introduced in ERTS version 10.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Thanks to Maxim Fedorov for finding and fixing this
+ issue.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15275 Aux Id: PR-1943 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Garbage collection of a distribution entry could cause an
+ emulator crash if <c>net_kernel</c> had not brought
+ previous connection attempts on it down properly.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15279 Aux Id: ERIERL-226 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 10.0.6</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A race between termination of a process and resume of the
+ same process via <c>erlang:resume_process/1</c> could
+ cause the VM to crash. This bug was introduced in erts
+ version 10.0 (OTP 21.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15237</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ When tracing on <c>running</c>, <c>in</c> trace events
+ could be lost when a process was rescheduled between a
+ dirty and a normal scheduler.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15269 Aux Id: ERL-713 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 10.0.5</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug which caused an emulator crash when
+ <c>enif_send()</c> was called by a NIF that executed on a
+ dirty scheduler. The bug was either triggered when the
+ NIF called <c>enif_send()</c> without a message
+ environment, or when the process executing the NIF was
+ <c>send</c> traced.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15223</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug causing some Erlang references to be
+ inconsistently ordered. This could for example cause
+ failure to look up certain elements with references as
+ keys in search data structures. This bug was introduced
+ in R13B02.</p>
+ <p>
+ Thanks to Simon Cornish for finding the bug and supplying
+ a fix.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15225</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 10.0.4</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a bug that prevented the <c>noshell</c> option
+ from working correctly on Mac OS X and BSD.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15169</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a crash when matching directly against a literal
+ map using a single key that had been saved on the
+ stack.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15184</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fix node crash when passing a bad time option to
+ <c>file:read_file_info/2</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15196</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 10.0.3</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a scheduler bug that caused normal schedulers to
+ run dirty code.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15154</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug in <c>erlang:trace_info/2</c> which caused
+ the emulator to crash when a bad argument was passed. The
+ bug was introduced in ERTS version 10.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15183 Aux Id: ERL-670 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 10.0.2</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a rare bug that could cause processes to be
+ scheduled after they had been freed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15067 Aux Id: ERL-573 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a race condition in the inet driver that could
+ cause receive to hang when the emulator was compiled with
+ gcc 8.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15158 Aux Id: ERL-654 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 10.0.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>The keys used in <c>os:getenv</c> and <c>os:putenv</c>
+ are case-insensitive again on Windows.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15147 Aux Id: ERL-644 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 10.0</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The type specifications for <c>file:posix/0</c> and
+ <c>inet:posix/0</c> have been updated according to which
+ errors file and socket operations should be able to
+ return.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14019 Aux Id: ERL-550 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix error printout from run_erl and a bug that could
+ cause unintended fds to be leaked into the started
+ program.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14537 Aux Id: PR1529 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p> File operations used to accept <seealso
+ marker="kernel:file#type-name_all">filenames</seealso>
+ containing null characters (integer value zero). This
+ caused the name to be truncated and in some cases
+ arguments to primitive operations to be mixed up.
+ Filenames containing null characters inside the filename
+ are now <em>rejected</em> and will cause primitive file
+ operations to fail. </p> <p> Also environment variable
+ operations used to accept <seealso
+ marker="kernel:os#type-env_var_name">names</seealso> and
+ <seealso
+ marker="kernel:os#type-env_var_value">values</seealso> of
+ environment variables containing null characters (integer
+ value zero). This caused operations to silently produce
+ erroneous results. Environment variable names and values
+ containing null characters inside the name or value are
+ now <em>rejected</em> and will cause environment variable
+ operations to fail. </p> <p>Primitive environment
+ variable operations also used to accept the <c>$=</c>
+ character in environment variable names causing various
+ problems. <c>$=</c> characters in environment variable
+ names are now also <em>rejected</em>. </p> <p>Also
+ <seealso
+ marker="kernel:os#cmd/1"><c>os:cmd/1</c></seealso> now
+ reject null characters inside its <seealso
+ marker="kernel:os#type-os_command">command</seealso>.
+ </p> <p><seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#open_port/2"><c>erlang:open_port/2</c></seealso>
+ will also reject null characters inside the port name
+ from now on.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14543 Aux Id: ERL-370 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bugs related to the bookkeeping of microstate
+ accounting states.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14652</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p><c>os:putenv</c> and <c>os:getenv</c> no longer access
+ the process environment directly and instead work on a
+ thread-safe emulation. The only observable difference is
+ that it's <em>not</em> kept in sync with libc
+ <c>getenv(3)</c> / <c>putenv(3)</c>, so those who relied
+ on that behavior in drivers or NIFs will need to add
+ manual synchronization.</p> <p>On Windows this means that
+ you can no longer resolve DLL dependencies by modifying
+ the <c>PATH</c> just before loading the driver/NIF. To
+ make this less of a problem, the emulator now adds the
+ target DLL's folder to the DLL search path.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14666</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Corrected <c>erlang:is_builtin(erlang, M, F)</c> to
+ return <c>true</c> for <c>apply/2</c> and
+ <c>yield/0</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14713 Aux Id: ERL-500 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a bug where the PATH environment variable wasn't
+ updated correctly on a release downgrade, effectively
+ keeping the PATH of the new release.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14719</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>A receive optimization that avoids scanning the entire
+ message queue when receiving a message containing a
+ freshly created reference could in rare circumstances
+ (involving recursive calls to the functions that does the
+ receive) cause the receive to hang. This has been
+ corrected.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14782 Aux Id: ERL-511 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix building of Erlang/OTP on platforms which have small
+ data area with short addressing. For example the
+ PowerPC/RTEMS platform.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14909 Aux Id: PR-1692 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a crash when <c>enif_make_binary</c> is called
+ with a binary produced by <c>enif_inspect_binary</c> in a
+ different environment.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14931</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a crash when <c>enif_make_binary</c> is called
+ more than once with a binary that had previously been
+ added to an <c>enif_ioq</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14932</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The erl_child_setup program now ignores SIGTERM signals.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14943 Aux Id: ERL-576 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Force 64-bit alignment on pre-allocators on architectures
+ which needs it.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14977</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug where dirty scheduler picked up non-dirty
+ work.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14978</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Calls to <c>gen_tcp:send/2</c> on closed sockets now
+ returns <c>{error, closed}</c> instead of
+ <c>{error,enotconn}</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15001</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ <c>erlang:monotonic_time/1</c> failed with <c>badarg</c>
+ when passing the <c>perf_counter</c> time unit as
+ argument.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15008</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug where rapid <c>init:restart()</c> calls would
+ sometimes crash because a code load request leaked in
+ between the restarts.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15013</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Improve <c>float_to_list(F, [{decimals,D}])</c> to closer
+ conform with <c>io_lib:format("~.*f", [D,F])</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ There are however, still cases when <c>float_to_list</c>
+ does not produce the exact same result as
+ <c>io_lib:format</c>, especially for large values
+ <c>F</c> and/or many decimals <c>D</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15015 Aux Id: OTP-14890 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a deadlock that would occur on certain
+ allocators when a reallocation failed with <c>+ramv</c>
+ enabled.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15024</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug that made it impossible to use an erl_tracer as
+ the seq_trace trace receiver.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15029</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug where a large (> 1 GB) emulator generated error
+ logger message would cause the emulator to crash.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15032</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The emulator will no longer crash when reading the
+ file information of an ordinary file that has an NTFS
+ reparse point, such as files stored in a OneDrive-mapped
+ folder.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15062 Aux Id: ERL-615 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in <c>enif_binary_to_term</c> which could cause
+ memory corruption for immediate terms (atoms, small
+ integers, pids, ports, empty lists).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15080</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in <c>erlang:system_profile/2</c> that could
+ cause superfluous <c>{profile,_,active,_,_}</c> messages
+ for terminating processes.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15085</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ On OSs with per thread CPU time support, change
+ <c>cpu_timestamp</c> in <seealso
+ marker="erlang#trace/3">erlang:trace/3</seealso> to use
+ it instead of per process CPU time. This makes this
+ option useable on such OSs when running multiple
+ schedulers.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15090</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix segfault in abort_signal_task which could happen if a
+ port terminated while there were outstanding port tasks
+ that were not signals, for example a
+ ready_input/ready_output event.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15108 Aux Id: ERL-621 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in <c>ets</c> that could cause VM crash if
+ process A terminates after fixating a table and process B
+ deletes the table at "the same time". The table fixation
+ could be done with <c>ets:safe_fixtable</c> or if process
+ A terminates in the middle of a long running
+ <c>select</c> or <c>match</c> call.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15109</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Owner and group changes through
+ <c>file:write_file_info</c>, <c>file:change_owner</c>,
+ and <c>file:change_group</c> will no longer report
+ success on permission errors.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15118</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix a bug error reporting from escripts on windows where
+ the error message would get garbled.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15119 Aux Id: PR-1826 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix segfault when a process is interally re-scheduled
+ while being traced for in out events. This bug was
+ introduced in erts-8.0 (OTP-19.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15125</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>It is now possible to open device files and FIFOs with
+ <c>file:open/2</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-11462</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The <c>erlang:system_flag(scheduler_wall_time,Bool)</c>
+ call is now reference counted and will be turned off if
+ the (last) process that started the performance
+ statistics dies. Thus it is no longer possible to start
+ the statistics with <c>rpc:call(Node, erlang,
+ system_flag, [scheduler_wall_time, true])</c> since it
+ will be turned off directly afterwards when the rpc
+ process dies.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-11694</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>A new logging API is added to Erlang/OTP, see the
+ <seealso
+ marker="kernel:logger"><c>logger(3)</c></seealso> manual
+ page, and section <seealso
+ marker="kernel:logger_chapter">Logging</seealso> in the
+ Kernel User's Guide.</p>
+ <p>Calls to <c>error_logger</c> are automatically
+ redirected to the new API, and legacy error logger event
+ handlers can still be used. It is, however, recommended
+ to use the Logger API directly when writing new code.</p>
+ <p>Notice the following potential incompatibilities:</p>
+ <list> <item><p>Kernel configuration parameters
+ <c>error_logger</c> still works, but is overruled if the
+ default handler's output destination is configured with
+ Kernel configuration parameter <c>logger</c>.</p> <p>In
+ general, parameters for configuring error logger are
+ overwritten by new parameters for configuring
+ Logger.</p></item> <item><p>The concept of SASL error
+ logging is deprecated, meaning that by default the SASL
+ application does not affect which log events are
+ logged.</p> <p>By default, supervisor reports and crash
+ reports are logged by the default Logger handler started
+ by Kernel, and end up at the same destination (terminal
+ or file) as other standard log event from Erlang/OTP.</p>
+ <p>Progress reports are not logged by default, but can be
+ enabled by setting the primary log level to info, for
+ example with the Kernel configuration parameter
+ <c>logger_level</c>.</p> <p>To obtain backwards
+ compatibility with the SASL error logging functionality
+ from earlier releases, set Kernel configuration parameter
+ <c>logger_sasl_compatible</c> to <c>true</c>. This
+ prevents the default Logger handler from logging any
+ supervisor-, crash-, or progress reports. Instead, SASL
+ adds a separate Logger handler during application start,
+ which takes care of these log events. The SASL
+ configuration parameters <c>sasl_error_logger</c> and
+ <c>sasl_errlog_type</c> specify the destination (terminal
+ or file) and severity level to log for these
+ events.</p></item></list>
+ <p>
+ Since Logger is new in Erlang/OTP 21.0, we do reserve the
+ right to introduce changes to the Logger API and
+ functionality in patches following this release. These
+ changes might or might not be backwards compatible with
+ the initial version.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13295</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ <c>gen_sctp:connect_init/4</c> or rather connect in
+ <c>inet_drv.c</c> for SCTP has been fixed to not check
+ the write file descriptor for writeability after a
+ connect, since for SCTP (SOCK_SEQPACKET) that property
+ does not seem to be any kind of indicator for when a
+ connect has finished. This fixes connects that the OS
+ returned as "in progress" that was misinterpreted by
+ <c>gen_sctp:connect_init</c> as failed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13760 Aux Id: PR-1592 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The file driver has been rewritten as a NIF,
+ decreasing the latency of file operations. Notable
+ incompatibilities are:</p> <list> <item><p>The
+ <c>use_threads</c> option for <c>file:sendfile/5</c> no
+ longer has any effect; we either use non-blocking
+ <c>sendfile(2)</c> or fall back to <c>file:read</c> +
+ <c>gen_tcp:send</c>. </p></item> <item><p>The
+ file-specific DTrace probes have been removed. The same
+ effect can be achieved with normal tracing together with
+ the <c>nif__entry</c>/<c>nif__return</c> probes to track
+ scheduling.</p></item> </list>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14256</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The I/O polling functionality of erts has been
+ re-written to better make use of the OSs polling
+ mechanisms. This change means that erts will now always
+ prefer to use a kernel-polling mechanism if possible.
+ Also all of the I/O polling has been moved to dedicated
+ threads instead of being placed in the scheduler
+ loops.</p> <p>As a result of this, the <c>erl</c> options
+ <c>+K</c> and <c>+secio</c> have been removed. It is
+ still possible to disable kernel-poll, but it has to be
+ done at compile time through the configure option
+ <c>--disable-kernel-poll</c>.</p> <p>The new <c>erl</c>
+ options <seealso marker="erl#+IOt"><c>+IOt</c></seealso>
+ and <seealso marker="erl#+IOp"><c>+IOp</c></seealso> can
+ be used to change how many IO poll threads and poll sets
+ that erts should use. See their respective documentation
+ for more details.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14346</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Truly asynchronous auto-connect. Earlier, when
+ <c>erlang:send</c> was aimed toward an unconnected node,
+ the function would not return until the connection setup
+ had completed (or failed). Now the function returns
+ directly after the message has been enqueued and the
+ connection setup started.</p>
+ <p>The same applies to all distributed operations that
+ may trigger auto-connect, i.e. <c>'!'</c>, <c>send</c>,
+ <c>link</c>, <c>monitor</c>, <c>monitor_node</c>,
+ <c>exit/2</c> and <c>group_leader</c>.</p>
+ <p>The interface for all these functions are unchanged as
+ they do not return connection failures. The only
+ exception is <c>erlang:monitor</c> where a <em>possible
+ incompatibility</em> is introduced: An attempt to monitor
+ a process on a primitive node (such as erl_interface or
+ jinterface), where remote process monitoring is not
+ implemented, will no longer fail with <c>badarg</c>
+ exception. Instead a monitor will be created, but it will
+ only supervise the connection to the node.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14370</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Changed the default behaviour of <c>.erlang</c>
+ loading: <c>.erlang</c> is no longer loaded from the
+ current directory. <c>c:erlangrc(PathList)</c> can be
+ used to search and load an <c>.erlang</c> file from user
+ specified directories.</p> <p><c>escript</c>,
+ <c>erlc</c>, <c>dialyzer</c> and <c>typer</c> no longer
+ load an <c>.erlang</c> at all.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14439</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ New functionality for implementation of alternative
+ carriers for the Erlang distribution has been introduced.
+ This mainly consists of support for usage of distribution
+ controller processes (previously only ports could be used
+ as distribution controllers). For more information see
+ <seealso marker="erts:alt_dist#distribution_module">ERTS
+ User's Guide ➜ How to implement an Alternative Carrier
+ for the Erlang Distribution ➜ Distribution
+ Module</seealso>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14459</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add support for the lcc compiler and in extension the
+ Elbrus 2000 platform.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14492</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Support for "tuple calls" have been removed from the
+ run-time system. Tuple calls was an undocumented and
+ unsupported feature which allowed the module argument for
+ an apply operation to be a tuple: <c>Var = dict:new(),
+ Var:size()</c>. This "feature" frequently caused
+ confusion, especially when such call failed. The
+ stacktrace would point out functions that don't exist in
+ the source code.</p>
+ <p>For legacy code that need to use parameterized modules
+ or tuple calls for some other reason, there is a new
+ compiler option called <c>tuple_calls</c>. When this
+ option is given, the compiler will generate extra code
+ that emulates the old behavior for calls where the module
+ is a variable.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14497</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Creation of small maps with literal keys has been
+ optimized to be faster and potentially use less memory.
+ The keys are combined into a literal key tuple which is
+ put into the literal pool. The key tuple can be shared
+ between many instances of maps having the same keys.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14502</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ When an exception is thrown, include the arguments of the
+ call in the stacktrace for BIFs <c>band</c>, <c>bor</c>,
+ <c>bsl</c>, <c>bsr</c>, <c>bxor</c>, <c>div</c>,
+ <c>rem</c> and the operators <c>+</c>, <c>-</c>, <c>*</c>
+ and <c>/</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14508</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The non-smp emulators have been removed. This means that
+ the configure options <c>--disable-threads</c> and
+ <c>--enable-plain-emulator</c> have been removed and
+ configure will now refuse to build Erlang/OTP on
+ platforms without thread support.</p>
+ <p>
+ In order to achieve a similar setup as the non-smp
+ emulator, it is possible to start Erlang/OTP with the
+ <c>+S 1</c> option.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14518</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Modules that use floating point constants compiled
+ with R15 or earlier will need to be re-compiled before
+ they can be loaded.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14575</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Implementation of true asynchronous signaling between
+ processes in order to improve scalability. Signals
+ affected include exit, monitor, demonitor, monitor
+ triggered, link, unlink, and group leader.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14589</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Added a PGO (profile guided optimization) pass to the
+ build step of erts. This can be disabled by passing
+ --disable-pgo to configure.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14604</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Improved the performance of <c>binary:split</c> and
+ <c>binary:match</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14610 Aux Id: PR-1480 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ It is not longer possible to disable dirty schedulers
+ when building erlang.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14613</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Loaded BEAM code in a 64-bit system requires less
+ memory because of better packing of operands for
+ instructions.</p>
+ <p>These memory savings were achieved by major
+ improvements to the <c>beam_makeops</c> scripts used when
+ building the run time system and BEAM compiler. There is
+ also new for documentation for <c>beam_makeops</c> that
+ describes how new BEAM instructions and loader
+ transformations can be implemented. The documentation is
+ found in here in a source directory or git repository:
+ erts/emulator/internal_doc/beam_makeops.md. An online
+ version can be found here:
+ https://github.com/erlang/otp/blob/master/erts/emulator/internal_doc/beam_makeops.md</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14626</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p><c>file:read_file</c> has been changed to read the
+ content of files that report a size of 0 even when data
+ can be read from them. An example of such a file is
+ <c>/proc/cpuinfo</c> on Linux.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14637 Aux Id: ERL-327 PR-1524 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ It is no longer possible to disable the <c>temp_alloc</c>
+ allocator. Disabling it caused serious performance
+ degradations and was never what was wanted.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14651</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The reduction cost of sending messages is now
+ constant. It will no longer scale according to the length
+ of the receiving process' message queue.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14667</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Improved loading of modules with <c>-on_load</c>
+ directive, to no longer block all schedulers when the
+ load operation is completed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14680</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ On platforms with real-time signals available, SIGRTMIN+1
+ is now used as the internal scheduler suspend signal
+ instead of SIGUSR2.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14682</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>When the value returned from a '<c>catch</c>'
+ expression is ignored, no stacktrace will be built if an
+ exception is caught. That will save time and produce less
+ garbage. There are also some minor optimizations of
+ '<c>try</c>/<c>catch</c>' both in the compiler and
+ run-time system.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14683</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The guarantees and non-guarantees of
+ <c>erlang:get_stacktrace/0</c> are now documented.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14687</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>There is a new syntax in '<c>try/catch</c>' for
+ retrieving the stacktrace without calling
+ '<c>erlang:get_stacktrace/0</c>'. See the reference
+ manual for a description of the new syntax. The
+ '<c>erlang:get_stacktrace/0</c>' BIF is now
+ deprecated.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14692</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ New 'used' option for <c>binary_to_term/2</c> that will
+ also return number of bytes actually read from the
+ binary. This enables easy access to any extra data in the
+ binary located directly after the returned term.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14780</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Added more statistics for
+ <c>erlang:system_info({allocator,A})</c> in the
+ <c>mbcs_pool</c> section.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14795 Aux Id: ERL-88 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Added <c>enif_ioq_peek_head</c> to retrieve Erlang
+ terms from NIF IO queues without having to resort to
+ copying.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14797</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>There is a new option '<c>makedep_side_effect</c>' for
+ the compiler and <c>-MMD</c> for '<c>erlc</c>' that
+ generates dependencies and continues to compile as
+ normal.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14830</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Added <c>ets:whereis/1</c> for retrieving the table
+ identifier of a named table.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14884</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p><c>seq_trace</c> labels may now be any erlang
+ term.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14899</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Optimized the common case of <c>monitor</c> followed by
+ <c>send</c> to the same local process. The monitor signal
+ is now delayed in order to be piggybacked with the sent
+ message and thereby only get one lock operation on the
+ message queue of the receiver. A delayed monitor signal
+ is flushed if no <c>send</c> has been done at the latest
+ when the process is scheduled out.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14901</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Make hipe compiled code work on x86_64 (amd64) with OS
+ security feature PIE, where executable code can be loaded
+ into a random location. Old behavior, if hipe was
+ enabled, was to disable PIE build options for the VM.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14903</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The number of driver async threads will now default to
+ 1 as the standard drivers do not use them anymore. Users
+ that changed this value to tweak the file driver should
+ replace <c>+A</c> with <c>+SDio</c> since it now uses
+ dirty IO schedulers instead of async threads.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14928</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Optimize <c>==</c> and <c>/=</c> for binaries with
+ different sizes to be constant in time instead of
+ proportional to the size of their common prefix.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14934 Aux Id: PR-1708 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Refactorings making some internal process flags available
+ for other usage.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14948</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Removed need for HiPE to allocate native executable
+ memory in low 2GB address space on x86_64. Command line
+ option <c>+MXscs</c> is thereby obsolete and ignored.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14951</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Added <c>enif_make_map_from_arrays</c> for creating a
+ populated map, analogous to
+ <c>enif_make_list_from_array</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14954</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Added configuration switches for busy-wait and wake up
+ thresholds for dirty schedulers, and changing these
+ settings for normal schedulers will no longer affect
+ dirty schedulers. </p> <p>Refer to the documentation for
+ details. The new switches are <seealso
+ marker="erl#+sbwtdcpu">+sbwtdcpu</seealso>, <seealso
+ marker="erl#+sbwtdio">+sbwtdio</seealso>, <seealso
+ marker="erl#+swtdcpu">+swtdcpu</seealso>, and <seealso
+ marker="erl#+swtdio">+swtdio</seealso>.</p> <p>The
+ default busy wait threshold for dirty scheduler threads
+ has also been lowered to <c>short</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14959</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The list of "taints" now also includes dynamic loaded
+ drivers in addition to NIF libraries. Statically linked
+ drivers and NIF libraries that are part of erts are not
+ included. The "taints" are returned by
+ <c>system_info(taints)</c> and printed in the header of
+ <c>erl_crash.dump</c> files.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14960</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Added <c>instrument:allocations</c> and
+ <c>instrument:carriers</c> for retrieving information
+ about memory utilization and fragmentation.</p>
+ <p>The old <c>instrument</c> interface has been removed,
+ as have the related options <c>+Mim</c> and
+ <c>+Mis</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14961</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The process suspend functionality used by the <seealso
+ marker="erlang#suspend_process/2">erlang:suspend_process/2</seealso>
+ BIF has been reimplemented using the newly introduced
+ true asynchronous signaling between processes. This
+ mainly to reduce memory usage in the process control
+ block of all processes, but also in order to simplify the
+ implementation.</p> <warning> <p>You can easily create
+ deadlocks if processes suspends each other (directly or
+ in circles). In ERTS versions prior to ERTS version 10.0,
+ the runtime system prevented such deadlocks, but this
+ prevention has now been removed due to performance
+ reasons.</p> </warning> <p>Other ERTS internal
+ functionality that used the previous process suspend
+ functionality have also been reimplemented to use
+ asynchronous signaling instead.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14964 Aux Id: OTP-14589 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Added the <c>nifs</c> option to
+ <c>?MODULE:module_info/1</c> for listing a module's
+ installed NIF functions.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14965</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ New implementation of <c>erlang:process_info/[1,2]</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ In the general case when inspecting another process, the
+ new implementation sends an asynchronous process-info
+ request signal to the other process and waits for the
+ result instead of locking the other process and reading
+ the result directly. In some special cases where no
+ conflicts occur, signal order wont be violated, and the
+ amount of data requested is guaranteed to be small, the
+ inspected process may be inspected directly.</p>
+ <p>
+ Appropriate amount of reductions are now also bumped when
+ inspecting a process.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14966</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Removed process start time from crash dump in order to
+ save memory in process control block.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14975 Aux Id: PR-1597 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Optimize <c>erlang:put/2</c> when updating existing key
+ with a new immediate value (atom, small integer, pid,
+ port).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14976</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ <c>erlang:process_info/1</c> has been changed to no
+ longer include <c>messages</c> by default. Instead
+ <c>erlang:process_info/2</c> should be used.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14986 Aux Id: PR-1745 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ New <c>erlang:system_info(ets_count)</c> to get total
+ number of ets tables existing at the local node.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14987</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ New NIF functions: <c>enif_mutex_name</c>,
+ <c>enif_cond_name</c>, <c>enif_rwlock_name</c>,
+ <c>enif_thread_name</c>, <c>enif_vfprintf</c>,
+ <c>enif_vsnprintf</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14994</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>When <c>erlang:system_flag(backtrace_depth, 0)</c> has
+ been called, all exceptions will now contain the entry
+ for <em>one</em> function (despite the zero). It used to
+ be that a hand-made stack backtrace passed to
+ <c>erlang:raise/3</c> would be be truncated to an empty
+ list.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15026</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug for named <c>ets</c> tables which could cause
+ unexpected results from matchspec iteration functions
+ (<c>ets:select*</c> and <c>ets:match*</c>) if the table
+ was deleted and recreated with the same name during the
+ iteration. The iteration could incorrectly continue
+ through the recreated table. The expected correct
+ behavior is now for the iteration call to fail with a
+ <c>badarg</c> exception if the table is deleted before
+ the iteration has completed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15031</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Two new guards BIFs operating on maps have been added:
+ <c>map_get/2</c> and <c>is_map_key/2</c>. They do the
+ same as <c>maps:get/2</c> and <c>maps:is_key/2</c>,
+ respectively, except that they are allowed to be used in
+ guards.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15037 Aux Id: PR-1784, PR-1802 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Release run-queue lock while cleaning up terminated dirty
+ process.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15081</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The callback module passed as <c>-epmd_module</c> to
+ erl has been expanded to be able to do name and port
+ resolving.</p> <p>Documentation has also been added in
+ the <seealso
+ marker="kernel:erl_epmd"><c>erl_epmd</c></seealso>
+ reference manual and ERTS User's Guide <seealso
+ marker="erts:alt_disco">How to Implement an Alternative
+ Service Discovery for Erlang Distribution</seealso>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15086 Aux Id: PR-1694 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.3.3.3</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug which caused an emulator crash when
+ <c>enif_send()</c> was called by a NIF that executed on a
+ dirty scheduler. The bug was either triggered when the
+ NIF called <c>enif_send()</c> without a message
+ environment, or when the process executing the NIF was
+ <c>send</c> traced.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15223</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug causing some Erlang references to be
+ inconsistently ordered. This could for example cause
+ failure to look up certain elements with references as
+ keys in search data structures. This bug was introduced
+ in R13B02.</p>
+ <p>
+ Thanks to Simon Cornish for finding the bug and supplying
+ a fix.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15225</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.3.3.2</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a race condition in the inet driver that could
+ cause receive to hang when the emulator was compiled with
+ gcc 8.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15158 Aux Id: ERL-654 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug in generation of erl_crash.dump, which could
+ cause VM to crash.</p>
+ <p>
+ Bug exist since erts-9.2 (OTP-20.2).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15181</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.3.3.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a rare bug that could cause processes to be
+ scheduled after they had been freed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15067 Aux Id: ERL-573 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.3.3</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in <c>ets</c> that could cause VM crash if
+ process A terminates after fixating a table and process B
+ deletes the table at "the same time". The table fixation
+ could be done with <c>ets:safe_fixtable</c> or if process
+ A terminates in the middle of a long running
+ <c>select</c> or <c>match</c> call.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15109</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.3.2</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in <c>enif_binary_to_term</c> which could cause
+ memory corruption for immediate terms (atoms, small
+ integers, pids, ports, empty lists).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15080</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in <c>erlang:system_profile/2</c> that could
+ cause superfluous <c>{profile,_,active,_,_}</c> messages
+ for terminating processes.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15085</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.3.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a crash in <c>heart:get_cmd/0</c> when the
+ stored command was too long.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15034</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.3</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a <c>configure</c> test for <c>libz</c> internals
+ that unintentionally caused various native code in OTP to
+ link against <c>libz</c>. Under certain circumstances
+ this caused the build of OTP to fail.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14840 Aux Id: ERL-529 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ File names containing unicode codepoints larger than 255
+ were not correctly encoded in stack traces.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14847 Aux Id: ERL-544 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix HiPE bug for binary constructs like
+ <c>&lt;&lt;X/utf8&gt;&gt;</c> which could in rare cases
+ cause faulty results or VM crash.</p>
+ <p>
+ This fix affects both the <c>hipe</c> compiler and
+ <c>erts</c> runtime in an <em>incompatible</em> way. Old
+ hipe compiled files need to be recompiled to load and run
+ properly as native.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14850 Aux Id: PR-1664 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix <c>term_to_binary/2</c> spec for
+ <c>minor_version</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14876 Aux Id: ERL-548 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug in erlang:binary_to_integer/2 where invalid
+ characters were not detected for bases larger then 10.
+ e.g. <c>binary_to_integer(&lt;&lt;":"&gt;&gt;, 16)</c>
+ would return 3 and not badarg as it should.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14879</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed bug in <c>float_to_list/2</c> and
+ <c>float_to_binary/2</c> with option <c>decimals</c> that
+ caused a faulty rounding up of the last decimal digit for
+ about 6% of floats with a fraction part.</p>
+ <p>For example, <c>float_to_list(0.145,
+ [{decimals,1}])</c> returned <c>"0.2"</c> instead of
+ <c>"0.1"</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14890</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug causing slow hipe execution in modules loaded
+ early during boot or loaded by <c>code:atomic_load</c> or
+ <c>code:finish_loading</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14891</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a buffer overflow in an internal string
+ formatting function that could be hit if specifying a
+ long floating-point format specifier to
+ <c>erts_sprintf</c> or similar.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14920</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p><c>erlang:iolist_to_iovec/1</c> and
+ <c>enif_inspect_iovec</c> will no longer fail when
+ provided with binaries that have been matched-out on a
+ non-byte boundary.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14921</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p><c>iolist_to_binary/1</c> and
+ <c>erlang:iolist_to_iovec/1</c> will now badarg if
+ supplied with a bitstring (without a list).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14926</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Reject loading modules with names containing directory
+ separators ('/' or '\' on Windows).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14933 Aux Id: ERL-564, PR-1716 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix potential dead-lock when the tracer process dies
+ while a the traced process is running on a dirty
+ scheduler.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14938</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ More crash dump info such as: process binary virtual heap
+ stats, full info for process causing out-of-mem during
+ GC, more port related info, and dirty scheduler info.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14820</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.2.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Improve search algorithm of abandoned memory carriers.
+ Instead of limited linear search, each allocator instance
+ maintain a balanced search tree of all its abandoned
+ carriers for faster and more exhaustive search.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14915 Aux Id: ERIERL-88 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ New erts_alloc command line options <c>+M_acnl</c> and
+ <c>+M_acfml</c> to limit carrier abandonment.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14916 Aux Id: ERIERL-88 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ New family of <c>erts_alloc</c> strategies: Age Order
+ First Fit. Similar to "address order", but instead the
+ oldest possible carrier is always chosen for allocation.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14917 Aux Id: ERIERL-88 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add possibility to change allocator options at runtime
+ with <c>system_info(erts_alloc, ...)</c>. Only option
+ <c>sbct</c> (single block carrier threshold) is currently
+ supported via this interface.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14918 Aux Id: ERIERL-88 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.2</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix a bug in tracing where the {caller} match spec
+ function would be set to undefined incorrectly when used
+ in conjunction with return_to or return_trace on some
+ functions.</p>
+ <p>
+ The functions effected are: erlang:put/2, erlang:erase/1,
+ erlang:process_info/1,2, erlang:nif_load/2,
+ erts_internal:garbage_collection/1 and
+ erts_internal:check_process_code/1.</p>
+ <p>
+ Because of this bug, the analysis done by fprof could
+ become incorrect when the functions above are the
+ tail-call in a function.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14677</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix emulator deadlock that would happen if
+ <c>trap_exit</c> was set to true and a process sends an
+ exit signal to itself using <c>exit(self(), Reason)</c>
+ while receive tracing was enabled for that process.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14678 Aux Id: ERL-495 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Writing of crash dumps is significantly faster.</p>
+ <p>Maps are now included in crash dumps.</p>
+ <p>Constants terms would only be shown in one process,
+ while other processes referencing the same constant term
+ would show a marker for incomplete heap. </p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14685 Aux Id: OTP-14611, OTP-14603, OTP-14595 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The fallback home directory for windows has been changed
+ to be the PROFILE directory instead of the WINDOWS
+ directory. The fallback is used when the environment
+ variables HOMEDRIVE and HOMEPATH have not been set.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14691</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug for hipe compiled code using
+ <c>&lt;&lt;X/utf32&gt;&gt;</c> binary construction that
+ could cause faulty result or even VM crash.</p>
+ <p>
+ On architectures other than x86_64, code need to be
+ recompiled to benefit from this fix.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14740</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in <c>erlang:garbage_collect/2</c> and
+ <c>erlang:check_process_code/3</c>, when called with
+ option <c>{async,ReqestId}</c>. Could cause VM crash or
+ heap corruption if <c>RequestId</c> was an immediate term
+ (like a pid, atom or small integer). Bug exists since
+ OTP-17.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14752</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>ERL_NIF_MINOR_VERSION wasn't bumped with the addition
+ of <c>enif_ioq_*</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14779</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Purging of loaded code that contained "fake literals"
+ (for example the magic reference obtained from
+ '<c>ets:new/2</c>') would crash the runtime system.
+ Corrected.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14791</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Setting the size of the atom table to a number near
+ 2147483647 (using the '<c>+t</c>' option) would cause the
+ emulator to exit with a failure to allocate a huge amount
+ of memory. This has been corrected. Also the usage
+ message for the '<c>+t</c>' option has been corrected to
+ show the correct upper limit 2147483647 instead of 0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14796</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a bug that prevented registered process names
+ from being resolved in lcnt results.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14803</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Formatting bugs were fixed in several HiPE debug
+ BIFs.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14804</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Binaries and some other data in crash dumps are now
+ encoded in base64 (instead of in hex), which will reduce
+ the size of crash dumps.</p>
+ <p>A few bugs in the handling of sub binaries in
+ <c>crashdump_viewer</c> have been fixed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14686</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Micro optimization for send operations of messages to
+ other nodes. The local ack-message, which is otherwise
+ sent back from TPC/IP port driver to sending client
+ process, is now ignored earlier for distributed send
+ operations.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14689</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.1.5</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a bug in file closure on Unix; close(2) was
+ retried on EINTR which could cause a different (recently
+ opened) file to be closed as well.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14775</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A race-condition when tearing down a connection with
+ active node monitors could cause the runtime system to
+ crash.</p>
+ <p>
+ This bug was introduced in ERTS version 8.0 (OTP 19.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14781 Aux Id: OTP-13047 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.1.4</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Microstate accounting sometimes produced incorrect
+ results for dirty schedulers.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14707</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a regression in <c>zlib:gunzip/1</c> that
+ prevented it from working when the decompressed size was
+ a perfect multiple of 16384. This regression was
+ introduced in 20.1.1</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14730 Aux Id: ERL-507 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a memory corruption bug in
+ <c>enif_inspect_iovec</c>; writable binaries stayed
+ writable after entering the iovec.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14745</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a crash in <c>enif_inspect_iovec</c> on
+ encountering empty binaries.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14750</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p><c>zlib:deflateParams/3</c> will no longer return
+ <c>buf_error</c> when called after <c>zlib:deflate/2</c>
+ with zlib <c>1.2.11</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14751</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.1.3</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Added zlib:set_controlling_process/2 to move a
+ zstream() between processes.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14672 Aux Id: ERL-494 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix so that schedulers are bound correctly when the first
+ available cpu is not the first detected cpu. e.g. when
+ using "taskset -c X..Y" when X is not equal to 0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14694</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.1.2</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug that could cause a VM crash when a corrupt
+ message is received on distribution channel from other
+ node.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14661 Aux Id: ERIERL-80 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.1.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>The new zlib module returned a data_error when
+ inflating concatenated streams, which was incompatible
+ with the old module's behavior of returning the
+ uncompressed data up to the end of the first stream.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14648</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>zlib:gunzip/1 will no longer stop at the end of the
+ first stream when decompressing concatenated gzip
+ files.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14649</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Changed <c>erlang:apply/2</c> to raise a <c>badarg</c>
+ exception if the second argument is not a proper list.
+ Previous behavior was a misleading <c>undef</c>
+ exception.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14490 Aux Id: ERL-432 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>On macOS, <c>crypto</c> would crash if <c>observer</c>
+ had been started before <c>crypto</c>. On the beta for
+ macOS 10.13 (High Sierra), <c>crypto</c> would crash.
+ Both of those bugs have been fixed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14499 Aux Id: ERL-251 ERL-439 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in enif_whereis_pid/port that could cause heap
+ corruption in rare cases.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14523</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix so that trace messages generated when in a dirty nif
+ are flushed correctly when the dirty nif is done
+ executing.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14538</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix escape code handling when using ANSI color codes in
+ the shell.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14549 Aux Id: PR1536 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Upgraded the ERTS internal PCRE library from version 8.40
+ to version 8.41. See <url
+ href="http://pcre.org/original/changelog.txt">http://pcre.org/original/changelog.txt</url>
+ for information about changes made to PCRE. This library
+ implements major parts of the <seealso
+ marker="stdlib:re"><c>re</c></seealso> regular
+ expressions module.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14574</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug causing <c>statistics(runtime)</c> to produce
+ negative values and a bug in
+ <c>statistics(wall_clock)</c> causing it to produce
+ values one second too long.</p>
+ <p>
+ <c>statistics(runtime)</c> now also use
+ <c>getrusage()</c> as source when available preventing
+ the returned value from wrapping as frequent as before.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14597 Aux Id: ERL-465 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed small memory leak that could occur when sending to
+ a terminating port.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14609</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug causing VM crash when a module with
+ <c>-on_load</c> directive is loaded while
+ <c>erlang:trace(on_load, ...)</c> is enabled.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14612</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>A warning that the compiler may optimize away atoms
+ have been added to the documentation of
+ <c>list_to_existing_atom/1</c> and
+ <c>binary_to_existing_atom/2</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14614 Aux Id: ERL-453 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Lock counting can now be fully toggled at runtime in
+ the lock counting emulator (<c>-emu_type lcnt</c>).
+ Everything is enabled by default to match the old
+ behavior, but specific categories can be toggled at will
+ with minimal runtime overhead when disabled. Refer to the
+ documentation on <c>lcnt:rt_mask/1</c> for details.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13170</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The <c>zlib</c> module has been refactored and all its
+ operations will now yield appropriately, allowing them to
+ be used freely in concurrent applications.</p> <p>The
+ following functions have been deprecated, but will not
+ produce compiler warnings until OTP 21:
+ <c>zlib:adler32</c>, <c>zlib:crc32</c>,
+ <c>zlib:inflateChunk</c>, <c>zlib:getBufSize</c>,
+ <c>zlib:setBufSize</c>.</p> <p>The behavior of throwing
+ an error when a dictionary is required for decompression
+ has also been deprecated. Refer to the documentation on
+ <c>inflateSetDictionary/2</c> for details.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14185</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p><c>lcnt:collect</c> and <c>lcnt:clear</c> will no
+ longer block all other threads in the runtime system.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14412</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Add <c>erlang:iolist_to_iovec/1</c>, which converts an
+ iolist() to an erlang:iovec(), which suitable for use
+ with <c>enif_inspect_iovec</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14520</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>When provided with bad arguments, the <c>zlib</c>
+ module will now raise named exceptions instead of just
+ <c>badarg</c>. For example, <c>not_initialized</c> when
+ using <c>zlib:inflate/2</c> with an uninitialized
+ stream.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14527</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ <c>erlang:halt/2</c> allows any Unicode string as slogan
+ for the crash dump.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14553</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Add new nif API functions for managing an I/O Queue.
+ The added functions are:</p> <list type="bulleted">
+ <item><seealso marker="erl_nif#enif_ioq_create">
+ <c>enif_ioq_create()</c></seealso></item> <item><seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_ioq_destroy">
+ <c>enif_ioq_destroy()</c></seealso></item> <item><seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_ioq_enq_binary">
+ <c>enif_ioq_enq_binary()</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso marker="erl_nif#enif_ioq_enqv">
+ <c>enif_ioq_enqv()</c></seealso></item> <item><seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_ioq_deq">
+ <c>enif_ioq_deq()</c></seealso></item> <item><seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_ioq_peek">
+ <c>enif_ioq_peek()</c></seealso></item> <item><seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_inspect_iovec">
+ <c>enif_inspect_iovec()</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso marker="erl_nif#enif_free_iovec">
+ <c>enif_free_iovec()</c></seealso></item> </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14598</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.0.5</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> and
+ <c>binary_to_atom</c> that could cause VM crash.
+ Typically happens when the last character of an UTF8
+ string is in the range 128 to 255, but truncated to only
+ one byte. Bug exists in <c>binary_to_term</c> since ERTS
+ version 5.10.2 (OTP_R16B01) and <c>binary_to_atom</c>
+ since ERTS version 9.0 (OTP-20.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14590 Aux Id: ERL-474 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.0.4</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A timer internal bit-field used for storing scheduler id
+ was too small. As a result, VM internal timer data
+ structures could become inconsistent when using 1024
+ schedulers on the system. Note that systems with less
+ than 1024 schedulers are not effected by this bug.</p>
+ <p>
+ This bug was introduced in ERTS version 7.0 (OTP 18.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14548 Aux Id: OTP-11997, ERL-468 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Automatic cleanup of a BIF timer, when the owner process
+ terminated, could race with the timeout of the timer.
+ This could cause the VM internal data structures to
+ become inconsistent which very likely caused a VM crash.</p>
+ <p>
+ This bug was introduced in ERTS version 9.0 (OTP 20.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14554 Aux Id: OTP-14356, ERL-468 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.0.3</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Binary append operations did not check for overflow,
+ resulting in nonsensical results when huge binaries were
+ appended.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14524</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.0.2</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Added missing release notes for OTP-14491 ("performance
+ bug in pre-allocators") which was included in erts-9.0.1
+ (OTP-20.0.1).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14494</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a bug that prevented TCP sockets from being
+ closed properly on send timeouts.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14509</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in operator <c>bxor</c> causing erroneuos
+ result when one operand is a big <em>negative</em>
+ integer with the lowest <c>N*W</c> bits as zero and the
+ other operand not larger than <c>N*W</c> bits. <c>N</c>
+ is an integer of 1 or larger and <c>W</c> is 32 or 64
+ depending on word size.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14514</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.0.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug in gen_tcp:send where it never returned when
+ repeatedly called on a remotely closed TCP socket.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13939 Aux Id: ERL-193 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed segfault that could happen during cleanup of
+ aborted erlang:port_command/3 calls. A port_command is
+ aborted if the port is closed at the same time as the
+ port_command was issued. This bug was introduced in
+ erts-8.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14481</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed implementation of <c>statistics(wall_clock)</c> and
+ <c>statistics(runtime)</c> so that values do not
+ unnecessarily wrap due to the emulator. Note that the
+ values returned by <c>statistics(runtime)</c> may still
+ wrap due to limitations in the underlying functionality
+ provided by the operating system.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14484</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix performance bug in pre-allocators that could cause
+ them to permanently fall back on normal more expensive memory
+ allocation. Pre-allocators are used for quick allocation
+ of short lived meta data used by messages and other
+ scheduled tasks. Bug exists since OTP_R15B02.
+ [this release note was missing in erts-9.0.1]</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14491</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 9.0</title>
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fix various bugs regarding loading, upgrade and purge
+ of HiPE compiled code:</p> <list> <item>The native code
+ memory for a purged module was never deallocated.</item>
+ <item>Wrong functions could in some cases be called after
+ a module upgrade.</item>
+ <item><c>erlang:check_process_code</c> did not check for
+ recursive calls made from native code.</item> </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13968</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Hipe optional LLVM backend does require LLVM version 3.9
+ or later as older versions forced strong dependencies on
+ erts internals structures.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14238</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>When an exception such as '<c>throw(HugeTerm)</c>' was
+ caught, <c>HugeTerm</c> term would be kept in the process
+ until the next exception occurred, potentially increasing
+ the heap size for the process. That has been
+ corrected.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14255 Aux Id: OTP-14400, OTP-14401 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Slogans in crash dumps have been extended to print more
+ complex terms.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14303</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug when using <c>enif_inspect_binary</c> in
+ combination with <c>enif_copy</c>. In some circumstances
+ the inspected binary could be reallocated by the
+ <c>enif_copy</c> call when it shouldn't have been.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14304</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The address family <c>local</c> (AF_UNIX / AF_LOCAL) now
+ does not ensure zero termination of Linux Abstract
+ Addresses so they can use all bytes.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14305</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Use <c>-fno-PIE</c> for Gentoo Hardened and others that
+ don't accept linker flag <c>-no-pie</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14307 Aux Id: PR-1379 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Disable hipe for <c>ppc64le</c> architecture (little
+ endian) as it is not, and has never been, supported. It
+ was earlier equated with <c>ppc64</c> (big endian) which
+ lead to broken build without <c>--disable-hipe</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14314 Aux Id: ERL-369, PR-1394 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix 'epmd -kill' to return a failure exit status code if
+ epmd was not killed because of some error.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14324</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed the following dirty scheduler related bugs:</p>
+ <list> <item><p>the <c>+SDPcpu</c> command line argument
+ could cause the amount of dirty CPU schedulers to be set
+ to zero</p></item>
+ <item><p><c>erlang:system_flag(multi_scheduling, _)</c>
+ failed when only one normal scheduler was used together
+ with dirty scheduler support</p></item> </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14335</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix erlexec to handle mismatch in sysconf and proc fs
+ when figuring out the cpu topology. This behaviour has
+ been seen when using docker together with
+ <c>--cpuset-cpus</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14352</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed memory segment cache used for multiblock carriers.
+ Huge (> 2GB) memory segments could cause a VM crash.
+ Creation of such huge memory segments used for multiblock
+ carriers is however very uncommon.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14360 Aux Id: ERL-401, PR-1417 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug causing <c>code:is_module_native</c> to falsely
+ return true when <c>local</c> call trace is enabled for
+ the module.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14390</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix emulator crash when receive tracing on a
+ <c>trace_delivered</c> message.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14411</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix file:sendfile error handling on SunOS when a
+ connection is closed during transmission.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14424</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ <c>escript</c> did not handle paths with spaces correct.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14433</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix erroneous lock check assertion when <c>wx</c> is run
+ on MacOS X.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14437 Aux Id: ERL-360 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Active-mode TCP sockets are now cleaned up properly on
+ send/shutdown errors.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14441 Aux Id: ERL-430 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix compilation of hipe_mkliterals when the LIBS
+ configure variable had to be set.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14447</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Added <c>erlang:garbage_collect/2</c> that takes an
+ option list as the last argument that can be used to
+ control whether a minor or a major garbage collection is
+ to be done. Doing a minor collection only collects terms
+ that have recently died, but is cheaper than a major
+ collection.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-11695</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Optimized test for tuples with an atom as first element.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12148</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Erlang literals are no longer copied during process to
+ process messaging.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13529</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Add support in the <c>erl_nif</c> API for asynchronous
+ message notifications when sockets or other file
+ descriptors are ready to accept read or write operations.
+ The following functions have been added:</p> <list>
+ <item><p>enif_select</p></item>
+ <item><p>enif_monitor_process</p></item>
+ <item><p>enif_demonitor_process</p></item>
+ <item><p>enif_compare_monitors</p></item>
+ <item><p>enif_open_resource_type_x</p></item> </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13684</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>There are two new guard BIFs '<c>floor/1</c>' and
+ '<c>ceil/1</c>'. They both return integers. In the
+ '<c>math</c>' module, there are two new BIFs with the
+ same names that return floating point values.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13692</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Remove deprecated <c>erlang:hash/2</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13827</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Replaced usage of deprecated symbolic <seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#type-time_unit"><c>time
+ unit</c></seealso> representations.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13831 Aux Id: OTP-13735 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Added support in zlib for extraction of the inflation
+ dictionary.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13842</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The previously used purge strategy has been removed. The
+ optional purge strategy introduced in ERTS version 8.1 is
+ now the only strategy available.</p>
+ <p>
+ The new purge strategy is slightly incompatible with the
+ old strategy. Previously processes holding <c>fun</c>s
+ that referred to the module being purged either failed a
+ soft purge, or was killed during a hard purge. The new
+ strategy completely ignores <c>fun</c>s. If <c>fun</c>s
+ referring to the code being purged exist, and are used
+ after a purge, an exception will be raised upon usage.
+ That is, the behavior will be exactly the same as the
+ case when a <c>fun</c> is received by a process after the
+ purge.</p>
+ <p>
+ For more information see the documentation of <seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#check_process_code/3"><c>erlang:check_process_code/3</c></seealso>.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13844 Aux Id: OTP-13833 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Dirty schedulers are now enabled by default when the
+ runtime system is built with SMP support.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13860</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Improved ETS lookup/insert/delete speed for large
+ <c>set</c>, <c>bag</c> and <c>duplicate_bag</c> by a
+ significant reduction of the hash load factor. This speed
+ improvement comes at the expense of less than one word
+ per table entry. Tables with less than 256 entries are
+ not affected at all.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13903</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The NIF library <c>reload</c> feature is not supported
+ anymore. It has been marked as deprecated since OTP R15B.
+ This means that you are only allowed to do one successful
+ call to <c>erlang:load_nif/2</c> for each module
+ instance. A second call to <c>erlang:load_nif/2</c> will
+ return <c>{error, {reload, _}}</c> even if the NIF
+ library implements the <c>reload</c> callback.</p>
+ <p>
+ Runtime upgrade of a NIF library is still supported by
+ using the Erlang module upgrade mechanics with a current
+ and an old module instance existing at the same time with
+ their corresponding NIF libraries.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13908</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add <c>erlang:system_info(atom_count)</c> and
+ <c>erlang:system_info(atom_limit)</c> to provide a way to
+ retrieve the current and maximum number of atoms.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13976</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The function <c>fmod/2</c> has been added to the
+ <c>math</c> module.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14000</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ <c>erlang:load_nif/2</c> returns new error type
+ <c>notsup</c> when called for a HiPE compiled module,
+ which is not supported.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14002</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add driver and nif lock instrumentation to lcnt</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14069</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Reduce memory pressure by converting sub-binaries to
+ heap-binaries when possible. This is done during garbage
+ collection.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14149</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Dirty schedulers are now enabled and supported on Erlang
+ runtime systems with SMP support.</p>
+ <p>
+ Besides support for dirty NIFs also support for dirty
+ BIFs and dirty garbage collection have been introduced.
+ All garbage collections that potentially will take a long
+ time to complete are now performed on dirty schedulers if
+ enabled.</p>
+ <p>
+ <seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#statistics/1"><c>erlang:statistics/1</c></seealso>
+ with arguments inspecting scheduler and run queue states
+ have been changed due to the dirty scheduler support.
+ Code using this functionality may have to be rewritten
+ taking these incompatibilities into consideration.
+ Examples of such uses are calls to <seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#statistics_scheduler_wall_time"><c>erlang:statistics(scheduler_wall_time)</c></seealso>,
+ <seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#statistics_total_run_queue_lengths"><c>statistics(total_run_queue_lengths)</c></seealso>,
+ <seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#statistics_total_active_tasks"><c>statistics(total_active_tasks)</c></seealso>,
+ etc.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14152</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Atoms may now contain arbitrary Unicode
+ characters.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14178</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Introduce an event manager in Erlang to handle OS
+ signals. A subset of OS signals may be subscribed to and
+ those are described in the Kernel application.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14186</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The <c>escript</c> program now handles symbolic links to
+ escripts.</p>
+ <p>
+ This is useful for standalone systems with
+ <c>escript</c>s residing on a bin directory not included
+ in the execution path (as it may cause their <c>erl</c>
+ program(s) to override the desired one). Instead the
+ <c>escript</c>s can be referred to via symbolic links
+ from a bin directory in the path.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14201 Aux Id: PR-1293 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ All uses of the magic binary kludge has been replaced by
+ uses of erlang references.</p>
+ <p>
+ A magic binary was presented as an empty binary, but
+ actually referred other data internally in the Erlang VM.
+ Since they were presented as empty binaries, different
+ magic binaries compared as equal, and also lost their
+ internal data when passed out of an erlang node.</p>
+ <p>
+ The new usage of references has not got any of these
+ strange semantic issues, and the usage of these
+ references has been optimized to give the same
+ performance benefits as well as memory usage benefits as
+ magic binaries had.</p>
+ <p>
+ A couple of examples of previous uses of magic binaries
+ are match specifications and NIF resources.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14205</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The non-smp emulators have been deprecated and are
+ scheduled for removal in OTP-21.</p>
+ <p>
+ In preparation for this, the threaded non-smp emulator is
+ no longer built by default and has to be enabled using
+ the --enable-plain-emulator to configure.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14272</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Allow HiPE to run on VM built with
+ <c>--enable-m32-build</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14330 Aux Id: PR-1397 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Upgraded the OTP internal PCRE library from version 8.33
+ to version 8.40. This library is used for implementation
+ of the <seealso marker="stdlib:re"><c>re</c></seealso>
+ regular expressions module.</p>
+ <p>
+ Besides various bug fixes, the new version allows for
+ better stack protection. In order to utilize this
+ feature, the stack size of normal scheduler threads is
+ now by default set to 128 kilo words on all platforms.
+ The stack size of normal scheduler threads can be set
+ upon system start by passing the <seealso
+ marker="erts:erl#sched_thread_stack_size"><c>+sss</c></seealso>
+ command line argument to the <seealso
+ marker="erts:erl"><c>erl</c></seealso> command.</p>
+ <p>
+ See <url
+ href="http://pcre.org/original/changelog.txt">http://pcre.org/original/changelog.txt</url>
+ for information about changes made to PCRE between the
+ versions 8.33 and 8.40.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14331 Aux Id: ERL-208 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Remove generation of atoms in old latin1 external format
+ in the distribution between erlang nodes,
+ <c>erl_interface</c>, and <c>jinterface</c>. The new utf8
+ format for atoms was introduced in OTP R16. An OTP 20
+ node can therefore not connect to nodes older than R16.</p>
+ <p>
+ Atoms that can be encoded using latin1 are still encoded
+ by <c>term_to_binary()</c> using latin1 encoding. Note
+ that all atoms will by default be encoded using utf8 in a
+ future Erlang/OTP release. For more information see the
+ documentation of <seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#term_to_binary/2"><c>erlang:term_to_binary/2</c></seealso>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14337</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Added function <c>re:version/0</c> which returns
+ information about the OTP internal PCRE version used for
+ implementation of the <c>re</c> module.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14347 Aux Id: PR-1412 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Added new debug bif <c>erlang:list_to_port/1</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14348</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Various improvements of timer management internally in
+ the VM. These improvements both reduced memory
+ consumption of timer wheels as well as reduce the amount
+ of work that has to be performed in order to handle
+ timers.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14356</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p> Sockets can now be bound to device (SO_BINDTODEVICE)
+ on platforms where it is supported. </p> <p> This has
+ been implemented e.g to support VRF-Lite under Linux; see
+ <url
+ href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/vrf.txt">
+ VRF </url>, and GitHub pull request <url
+ href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/pull/1326">#1326</url>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14357 Aux Id: PR-1326 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Added the following <seealso
+ marker="erl"><c>erl</c></seealso> command line arguments
+ with which you can set suggested stack for dirty
+ schedulers:</p> <taglist> <tag><seealso
+ marker="erl#dcpu_sched_thread_stack_size"><c>+sssdcpu</c></seealso></tag>
+ <item><p>for dirty CPU schedulers</p></item>
+ <tag><seealso
+ marker="erl#dio_sched_thread_stack_size"><c>+sssdio</c></seealso></tag>
+ <item><p>for dirty IO schedulers</p></item> </taglist>
+ <p>The default suggested stack size for dirty schedulers
+ is 40 kilo words.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14380</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Changed erts startup program name, argv 0, to use the
+ environment variable <c>ESCRIPT_NAME</c> so that
+ <c>erlc</c>, <c>dialyzer</c>, <c>typer</c>,
+ <c>ct_run</c>, or the escript name can be seen with
+ external programs, such as ps and htop (depending on
+ options), on unix.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14381</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Improvements of <c>escript</c> documentation.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14384 Aux Id: OTP-14201 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add function <c>enif_hash</c> for NIFs to calculate hash
+ values of arbitrary terms.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14385 Aux Id: PR-1413 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>'<c>./configure --enable-lock-counter</c>' will
+ enabling building of an additional emulator that has
+ support for lock counting. (The option previously
+ existed, but would turn on lock counting in the default
+ emulator being built.) To start the lock-counting
+ emulator, use '<c>erl -emu_type lcnt</c>'.</p>
+ <p>On Windows, <c>erl</c> recognized the undocumented
+ option <c>-debug</c> for starting a debug-compiled
+ emulator. That option has been removed. Use '<c>erl
+ -emu_type debug</c>' instead.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14407</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Warnings have been added to the relevant documentation
+ about not using un-secure distributed nodes in exposed
+ environments.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14425</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Improvement of the documentation of the environment
+ variable <c>ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS</c> as well as the
+ default behavior when it is not set.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14434</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Enabled off-heap message queue for some system processes
+ that might receive large amounts of messages.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14438</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>ETS lock indexes have been replaced with the table
+ name in LCNT results.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14442 Aux Id: ERIERL-22 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Introduced the new functions <seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_whereis_pid"><c>enif_whereis_pid()</c></seealso>
+ and <seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_whereis_port"><c>enif_whereis_port()</c></seealso>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14453 Aux Id: PR-1400 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.3.5.6</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed small memory leak that could occur when sending to
+ a terminating port.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14609 Aux Id: ERIERL-238 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.3.5.5</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a race condition in the inet driver that could
+ cause receive to hang when the emulator was compiled with
+ gcc 8.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15158 Aux Id: ERL-654 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug causing some Erlang references to be
+ inconsistently ordered. This could for example cause
+ failure to look up certain elements with references as
+ keys in search data structures. This bug was introduced
+ in R13B02.</p>
+ <p>
+ Thanks to Simon Cornish for finding the bug and supplying
+ a fix.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15225</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.3.5.4</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a bug in file closure on Unix; close(2) was
+ retried on EINTR which could cause a different (recently
+ opened) file to be closed as well.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14775</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A race-condition when tearing down a connection with
+ active node monitors could cause the runtime system to
+ crash.</p>
+ <p>
+ This bug was introduced in ERTS version 8.0 (OTP 19.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14781 Aux Id: OTP-13047 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.3.5.3</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A timer internal bit-field used for storing scheduler id
+ was too small. As a result, VM internal timer data
+ structures could become inconsistent when using 1024
+ schedulers on the system. Note that systems with less
+ than 1024 schedulers are not effected by this bug.</p>
+ <p>
+ This bug was introduced in ERTS version 7.0 (OTP 18.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14548 Aux Id: OTP-11997, ERL-468 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> and
+ <c>binary_to_atom</c> that could cause VM crash.
+ Typically happens when the last character of an UTF8
+ string is in the range 128 to 255, but truncated to only
+ one byte. Bug exists in <c>binary_to_term</c> since ERTS
+ version 5.10.2 (OTP_R16B01) and <c>binary_to_atom</c>
+ since ERTS version 9.0 (OTP-20.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14590 Aux Id: ERL-474 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug causing VM crash when a module with
+ <c>-on_load</c> directive is loaded while
+ <c>erlang:trace(on_load, ...)</c> is enabled.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14612</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug that could cause a VM crash when a corrupt
+ message is received on distribution channel from other
+ node.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14661 Aux Id: ERIERL-80 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.3.5.2</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix performance bug in pre-allocators that could cause
+ them to permanently fall back on normal more expensive
+ memory allocation. Pre-allocators are used for quick
+ allocation of short lived meta data used by messages and
+ other scheduled tasks. Bug exists since OTP_R15B02.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14491</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a bug that prevented TCP sockets from being
+ closed properly on send timeouts.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14509</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in operator <c>bxor</c> causing erroneuos
+ result when one operand is a big <em>negative</em>
+ integer with the lowest <c>N*W</c> bits as zero and the
+ other operand not larger than <c>N*W</c> bits. <c>N</c>
+ is an integer of 1 or larger and <c>W</c> is 32 or 64
+ depending on word size.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14514</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.3.5.1</title>
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug in gen_tcp:send where it never returned when
+ repeatedly called on a remotely closed TCP socket.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13939 Aux Id: ERL-193 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed segfault that could happen during cleanup of
+ aborted erlang:port_command/3 calls. A port_command is
+ aborted if the port is closed at the same time as the
+ port_command was issued. This bug was introduced in
+ erts-8.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14481</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed implementation of <c>statistics(wall_clock)</c> and
+ <c>statistics(runtime)</c> so that values do not
+ unnecessarily wrap due to the emulator. Note that the
+ values returned by <c>statistics(runtime)</c> may still
+ wrap due to limitations in the underlying functionality
+ provided by the operating system.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14484</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.3.5</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Active-mode TCP sockets are now cleaned up properly on
+ send/shutdown errors.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14441 Aux Id: ERL-430 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A code purge operation could under certain circumstances
+ expand the size of hibernated processes.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14444 Aux Id: ERIERL-24 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix so that the ERL_ZZ_SIGTERM_KILL introduced in
+ erts-8.3.4 works.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14451</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.3.4</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add option to make SIGTERM trigger the OS default
+ behaviour instead of doing a gracefull shutdown. To
+ activate this bahviour the environment variable
+ ERL_ZZ_SIGTERM_KILL should be set to "true". This option
+ only works in OTP 19 as OTP 20 will have a different way
+ to deal with SIGTERM.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14418 Aux Id: ERIERL-15 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.3.3</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed memory segment cache used for multiblock carriers.
+ Huge (> 2GB) memory segments could cause a VM crash.
+ Creation of such huge memory segments used for multiblock
+ carriers is however very uncommon.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14360 Aux Id: ERL-401, PR-1417 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix release note for OTP-14290 in ERTS version 8.3.1. It
+ was erroneously placed under "Known Bugs and Problems".</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14363 Aux Id: OTP-14290 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.3.2</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The <c>+Bi</c> command line argument of <c>erl</c>
+ erroneously caused <c>SIGTERM</c> to be ignored by the VM
+ as well as of all its child processes. This bug was
+ introduced in erts version 8.3.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14358 Aux Id: OTP-14085 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.3.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Invoking <c>init:stop/0</c> via the SIGTERM signal, in a
+ non-SMP BEAM, could cause BEAM to terminate with fatal
+ error. This has now been fixed and the BEAM will
+ terminate normally when SIGTERM is received.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14290</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Trying to open a directory with file:read_file/1 on Unix
+ leaked a file descriptor. This bug has now been fixed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14308 Aux Id: ERL-383 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.3</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a number of bugs that caused faulty stack-traces
+ to be generated. The faulty stack traces were generated
+ either when applying the following functions or tracing
+ the following functions:</p> <list>
+ <item><c>erlang:error/1</c></item>
+ <item><c>erlang:error/2</c></item>
+ <item><c>erlang:exit/1</c></item>
+ <item><c>erlang:throw/1</c></item> </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14055</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Corrected documentation about memory footprint for maps.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14118</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix <c>process_info(Pid, current_stacktrace)</c> to use
+ stack depth limit set by
+ <c>system_flag(backtrace_depth)</c>. The old behavior was
+ a hard coded depth limit of 8.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14119 Aux Id: PR-1263 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A process calling <seealso
+ marker="erlang#system_flag_multi_scheduling"><c>erlang:system_flag(multi_scheduling,
+ block)</c></seealso> could end up hanging forever in the
+ call.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14121</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Dirty scheduler bug fixes:</p> <list> <item><p>Fixed
+ call time tracing of process being scheduled on dirty
+ scheduler.</p></item> <item><p>GC info from dirty
+ schedulers.</p></item> <item><p>Multi scheduling block
+ with dirty schedulers could crash the runtime
+ system.</p></item> <item><p>Process structures could be
+ removed prematurely.</p></item> <item><p>GC on dirty
+ scheduler could crash the runtime system.</p></item>
+ <item><p>Termination of a process executing on a dirty
+ scheduler could cause a runtime system crash.</p></item>
+ </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14122</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed crash that occurred when writing timer data to a
+ crash dump.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14133</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A literal area could be removed while still referred from
+ processes.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14134</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug in the garbage collector that could crash the
+ runtime system.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14135</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug in call-time trace for NIFs which caused
+ tracing to erroneously be started multiple times for one
+ call.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14136</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Remove a debug printout and an unnecessary garbage
+ collection when handling exceptions in hipe compiled
+ code.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14153</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug in tracing of garbage collection that could cause
+ VM crash. Bug exists since OTP 19.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14154</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> for binaries created by
+ <c>term_to_binary </c> with option <c>compressed</c>. The
+ bug can cause <c>badarg</c> exception for a valid binary
+ when Erlang VM is linked against a <c>zlib</c> library of
+ version 1.2.9 or newer. Bug exists since OTP 17.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14159 Aux Id: ERL-340 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix suspension of schedulers when generating a crashdump.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14164</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>NIF resources was not handled in a thread-safe manner
+ in the runtime system without SMP support.</p>
+ <p>As a consequence of this fix, the following driver
+ functions are now thread-safe also in the runtime system
+ without SMP support:</p> <list>
+ <item><p><c>driver_free_binary()</c></p></item>
+ <item><p><c>driver_realloc_binary()</c></p></item>
+ <item><p><c>driver_binary_get_refc()</c></p></item>
+ <item><p><c>driver_binary_inc_refc()</c></p></item>
+ <item><p><c>driver_binary_dec_refc()</c></p></item>
+ </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14202</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix <c>erlang:round/1</c> for large floating point
+ numbers with an odd absolute value between <c>(1 bsl
+ 52)</c> and <c>(1 bsl 53)</c>. The result was falsely
+ calculated as the next higher even number even though all
+ integer values up to <c>(1 bsl 53)</c> can be represented
+ as floats with full precision.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14227</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add size of literals to module code size in crash dump
+ and <c>(l)oaded</c> command in break menu like it used to
+ be before OTP-19.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14228</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix potential bug in <c>enif_send</c> when called without
+ a process context and with argument <c>msg_env</c> as
+ <c>NULL</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14229</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug where passing an appendable binary to
+ <c>erlang:port_control()</c> could crash the emulator.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14231</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Receive expressions with timeout in the Erlang shell
+ could cause a VM crash.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14241 Aux Id: ERL-365 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A received SIGTERM signal to beam will generate a
+ <c>'stop'</c> message to the <c>init</c> process and
+ terminate the Erlang VM nicely. This is equivalent to
+ calling <c>init:stop/0</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14085</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Workaround for buggy Android implementation of
+ <c>PTHREAD_STACK_MIN</c> causing build of runtime system
+ to crash on undeclared <c>PAGE_SIZE</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14165 Aux Id: ERL-319 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add configure option --without-thread-names that removes
+ the naming of individual emulator threads.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14234</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add warning in documentation of <c>zlib:deflateInit/6</c>
+ about option <c>WindowsBits</c> values 8 and -8.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14254 Aux Id: ERL-362 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.2.2</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> for binaries created by
+ <c>term_to_binary </c> with option <c>compressed</c>. The
+ bug can cause <c>badarg</c> exception for a valid binary
+ when Erlang VM is linked against a <c>zlib</c> library of
+ version 1.2.9 or newer. Bug exists since OTP 17.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14159 Aux Id: ERL-340 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The driver efile_drv when opening a file now use fstat()
+ on the open file instead of stat() before opening, if
+ fstat() exists. This avoids a race when the file happens
+ to change between stat() and open().</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14184 Aux Id: seq-13266 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.2.1</title>
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix a quite rare bug causing VM crash during code loading
+ and the use of export funs (fun M:F/A) of not yet loaded
+ modules. Requires a very specfic timing of concurrent
+ scheduler threads. Has been seen on ARM but can probably
+ also occure on other architectures. Bug has existed since
+ OTP R16.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14144 Aux Id: seq13242 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.2</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed <c>configure</c> failures on MacOSX. Most important
+ <c>clock_gettime()</c> was detected when building for
+ MacOSX - El Capitan using XCode 8 despite it is not
+ available until MacOSX - Sierra.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13904 Aux Id: ERL-256 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ <c>code:add_pathsa/1</c> and command line option
+ <c>-pa</c> both revert the given list of directories when
+ adding it at the beginning of the code path. This is now
+ documented.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13920 Aux Id: ERL-267 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix a compilation error of erts in OpenBSD related to the
+ usage of the __errno variable.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13927</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed so that when enabling tracing on a process that had
+ an invalid tracer associated with it, the new tracer
+ overwrites the old tracer. Before this fix, calling
+ erlang:trace/3 would behave as if the tracer was still
+ alive and not apply the new trace.</p>
+ <p>
+ This fault was introduced in ERTS 8.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13928</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix parsing of <c>-profile_boot 'true' | 'false'</c></p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13955 Aux Id: ERL-280 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A slight improvement of <c>erlang:get_stacktrace/0</c>
+ for exceptions raised in hipe compiled code. Beam
+ compiled functions in such stack trace was earlier
+ replaced by some unrelated function. They are now instead
+ omitted. This is an attempt to reduce the confusion in
+ the absence of a complete and correct stack trace for
+ mixed beam and hipe functions.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13992</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p> Correct type declaration of match specification head.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13996</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ HiPE code loading failed for x86_64 if gcc was configured
+ with <c>--enable-default-pie</c>. Fixed by disabling PIE,
+ if needed for HiPE, when building the VM.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14031 Aux Id: ERL-294, PR-1239 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Faulty arguments could be presented on exception from a
+ NIF that had rescheduled itself using
+ <c>enif_schedule_nif()</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14048</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The runtime system could crash if a garbage collection on
+ a process was performed immediately after a NIF had been
+ rescheduled using <c>enif_schedule_nif()</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14049</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A reference to purged code could be left undetected by
+ the purge operation if a process just had rescheduled a
+ NIF call using <c>enif_schedule_nif()</c> when the
+ process was checked. This could cause a runtime system
+ crash.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14050</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a number of dirty scheduler related bugs:</p>
+ <list> <item><p>Process priority was not handled correct
+ when scheduling on a dirty scheduler.</p></item>
+ <item><p>The runtime system could crash when an exit
+ signal with a compound exit reason was sent to a process
+ executing on a dirty scheduler.</p></item> <item><p>The
+ runtime system crashed when call tracing a process
+ executing on a dirty scheduler.</p></item> <item><p>A
+ code purge operation could end up hanging forever when a
+ process executed on a dirty scheduler</p></item> </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14051</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix minor soft purge race bug that could incorrectly
+ trigger code_server to load new code for the module if
+ the soft purge failed and no current version of the
+ module existed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13925</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ To ease troubleshooting, <c>erlang:load_nif/2</c> now
+ includes the return value from a failed call to
+ load/reload/upgrade in the text part of the error tuple.
+ The <c>crypto</c> NIF makes use of this feature by
+ returning the source line where/if the initialization
+ fails.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13951</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ New environment variable <c>ERL_CRASH_DUMP_BYTES</c> can
+ be used to limit the size of crash dumps. If the limit is
+ reached, crash dump generation is aborted and the
+ generated file will be truncated.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14046</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.1.1.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A code purge operation could under certain circumstances
+ expand the size of hibernated processes.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14444 Aux Id: ERIERL-24 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.1.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The emulator got a dynamic library dependency towards
+ libsctp, which on Linux was not intended since the
+ emulator there loads and resolves the needed sctp
+ functions in runtime. This has been fixed and a configure
+ switch --enable-sctp=lib has been added for those who
+ want such a library dependency.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13956 Aux Id: ERL-262, ERL-133 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix SIGUSR1 crashdump generation</p>
+ <p>
+ Do not generate a core when a crashdump is asked for.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13997</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The new functions in <c>code</c> that allows loading
+ of many modules at once had a performance problem. While
+ executing a helper function in the <c>erl_prim_loader</c>
+ process, garbage messages were produced. The garbages
+ messages were ignored and ultimately discarded, but there
+ would be a negative impact on performance and memory
+ usage. The number of garbage message depended on both the
+ number of modules to be loaded and the length of the code
+ path.</p>
+ <p>The functions affected of this problem were:
+ <c>atomic_load/1</c>, <c>ensure_modules_loaded/1</c>, and
+ <c>prepare_loading/1</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14009</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug for calls from hipe code to BIFs that disable GC
+ while yielding. Has been causing Dialyzer crashes on ARM
+ (and presumably all other non-intel platforms).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13724 Aux Id: PR-1116 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix a bug where changing the current working directory of
+ the VM would not change the current working directory of
+ programs spawned using <c>erlang:open_port({spawn,""},
+ ...)</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13733 Aux Id: ERL-175 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix a bug where disabling tracing from a process that had
+ return_to tracing enabled and was tracing on
+ <c>erlang:trace/3</c> would cause a segmentation fault.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13734</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Update all erts documentation to use simpler English, use
+ consistent terminology and be easier to navigate.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13740</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add dirty schedulers to the microstate accounting
+ statistics.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13744</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed dirty scheduler build support on 32-bit windows.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13759</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ inet:getstat(Socket) on an SCTP socket returned 0 for
+ send stats. This bug has now been corrected. Reported by
+ systra as issue ERL-102 on bugs.erlang.org.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13773 Aux Id: ERL-102 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ AF_UNSPEC and unknown address families were misread by
+ UDP receive in prim_inet resulting in an exception. This
+ bug has now been corrected.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13775</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Sweep HiPE stack for literals during code purge.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13777 Aux Id: PR-1122 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug in run_erl for OpenBSD that could cause it on
+ rare occations to exit without starting the program (erl)
+ at all.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13795</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Update build scripts to not make assumtions about where
+ env, cp and perl are located.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13800</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug where init:stop could deadlock if a process
+ with infinite shutdown timeout (e.g. a supervisor)
+ attempted to load code while terminating.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13802</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a segmentation fault on sparc CPUs when free'ing a
+ tracer module's state.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13803</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ <c>fun</c>s was not properly handled during purge of a
+ module. This could cause a crash of the VM after a purge
+ of a module.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13809</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a memory leak when the process monitoring a port
+ crashed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13818</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed multiple dirty scheduler related tracing bugs.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13822</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix error handling in beam code runtime loader for a
+ number of cases when index and size fields got corrupted
+ (negative) values.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13848 Aux Id: ERL-216 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Minor fix of dirty scheduler implementation.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13852</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
@@ -58,6 +3760,14 @@
Own Id: OTP-13866</p>
</item>
<item>
+ <p>
+ Fix a rare race condition in <c>erlang:open_port({spawn,
+ ""}, ...)</c> that would result in the erl_child_setup
+ program aborting and cause the emulator to exit.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13868</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
<p>Driver and NIF operations accessing processes or ports
could cause an emulator crash when used from
non-scheduler threads. Those operations are:</p> <list>
@@ -72,13 +3782,965 @@
</item>
<item>
<p>
- Fix bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> for binaries created by
- <c>term_to_binary </c> with option <c>compressed</c>. The
- bug can cause <c>badarg</c> exception for a valid binary
- when Erlang VM is linked against a <c>zlib</c> library of
- version 1.2.9 or newer. Bug exists since OTP 17.0.</p>
+ Fix start scripts generation dependency in Makefile</p>
<p>
- Own Id: OTP-14159 Aux Id: ERL-340 </p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13871 Aux Id: ERL-241 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The VM could crash if <c>erlang:get_stacktrace()</c> was
+ called after a rescheduled NIF had thrown an exception.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13877</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Calling <c>code:delete/1</c> before a loading a module
+ with an on_load function, the old code would be
+ overwritten, causing a memory or a crash if NIFs were
+ involved. (Thanks to vans163 for reporting this bug.)</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13893 Aux Id: ERL-240 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Improved accuracy of timeouts on MacOS X. This by setting
+ premature timeouts followed by a short actual timeout
+ during scheduler wait.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13698</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Added the following symbolic time unit representations
+ to the <seealso
+ marker="erlang#type-time_unit"><c>erlang:time_unit()</c></seealso>
+ type:</p> <list> <item><c>second</c></item>
+ <item><c>millisecond</c></item>
+ <item><c>microsecond</c></item>
+ <item><c>nanosecond</c></item> </list> <p>The following
+ symbolic time unit representations are now
+ <em>deprecated</em>, but still part of the
+ <c>erlang:time_unit()</c> type:</p> <list>
+ <item><c>seconds</c></item>
+ <item><c>milli_seconds</c></item>
+ <item><c>micro_seconds</c></item>
+ <item><c>nano_seconds</c></item> </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13735</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix maps hashing entropy of maps with maps keys.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13763 Aux Id: ERL-199 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Improved dirty scheduler support. A purge of a module can
+ now be performed without having to wait for completion of
+ all ongoing dirty NIF calls.</p>
+ <p>
+ Note that when enabling support for dirty schedulers, a
+ new purge strategy will as of ERTS version 8.1 be
+ enabled. This new strategy is not fully backwards
+ compatible with the strategy used by default. For more
+ information see the documentation of <seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#check_process_code/3"><c>erlang:check_process_code/3</c></seealso>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13808 Aux Id: OTP-13833 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A new purge strategy has been introduced. The new
+ strategy will by default be disabled during the OTP 19
+ release, but will be the only strategy available as of
+ the OTP 20 release.</p>
+ <p>
+ The new strategy is slightly incompatible with the
+ strategy being used by default in OTP 19. Using the
+ default strategy, processes holding <c>fun</c>s that
+ refer to the module being purged either fail a soft
+ purge, or will be killed during a hard purge. The new
+ strategy completely ignores <c>fun</c>s. If <c>fun</c>s
+ referring to the code being purged exist, and are used
+ after a purge, an exception will be raised upon usage.
+ That is, the behavior will be exactly the same as the
+ case when a <c>fun</c> is received by a process after the
+ purge.</p>
+ <p>
+ The new strategy can optionally be enabled when building
+ OTP during OTP 19, and will automatically be enabled if
+ the runtime system is built with support for dirty
+ schedulers.</p>
+ <p>
+ For more information see the documentation of <seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#check_process_code/3"><c>erlang:check_process_code/3</c></seealso>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13833</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed unnecessary overestimation of heap size need during
+ garbage collection.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13851</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.0.5</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a VM crash that occurred in a garbage collection of
+ a process when it had received binaries. This bug was
+ introduced in ERTS version 8.0 (OTP 19.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13890</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.0.4</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a VM crash that occurred in garbage collection of a
+ process when it had received maps over the distribution.
+ This bug was introduced in ERTS version 8.0 (OTP 19.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13889</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.0.3</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a race that could cause a lost wakeup of a process
+ that timed out in a <c>receive ... after</c>. This bug
+ was introduced in ERTS version 7.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13798 Aux Id: OTP-11997 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed segfault after writing an erl crash dump.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13799</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.0.2</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix scheduler deadlock bug in <c>ets:update_counter/4</c>
+ when key is not found and inserting the default object
+ causes the table to grow.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13731 Aux Id: ERL-188 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix VM abort "Overrun stack and heap" in garbage
+ collection triggered by a <c>bsl</c> operation and some
+ very specific heap conditions.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13732 Aux Id: seq13142 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.0.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A memory allocation bug in <c>group_leader/2</c> could
+ cause an emulator crash when garbage collecting a process
+ that had been assigned a remote group leader. This bug
+ was introduced in ERTS version 8.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13716</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 8.0</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>The handling of <c>on_load</c> functions has been
+ improved. The major improvement is that if a code upgrade
+ fails because the <c>on_load</c> function fails, the
+ previous version of the module will now be retained.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12593</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p><c>is_builtin(erlang, apply, 3)</c> will now return
+ <c>true</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13034</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix <c>enif_get_list_length</c> to return false if list
+ is improper or have length larger than <c>UINT_MAX</c>
+ (did return true and an incorrect length value).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13288 Aux Id: PR913 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Cleanup hipe signal handling code for x86 and make it
+ more portable.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13341 Aux Id: PR951 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Make file:datasync use fsync instead of fdatasync on Mac
+ OSX.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13411</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Make sure to create a crash dump when running out of
+ memory. This was accidentally removed in the erts-7.3
+ release.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13419</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A bug has been fixed where if erlang was started +B on a
+ unix platform it would be killed by a SIGUSR2 signal when
+ creating a crash dump.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13425</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix race between <c>process_flag(trap_exit,true)</c> and
+ a received exit signal.</p>
+ <p>
+ A process could terminate due to exit signal even though
+ <c>process_flag(trap_exit,true)</c> had returned. A very
+ specific timing between call to <c>process_flag/2</c> and
+ exit signal from another scheduler was required for this
+ to happen.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13452</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Don't search for non-existing Map keys twice</p>
+ <p>For <c>maps:get/2,3</c> and <c>maps:find/2</c>,
+ searching for an immediate key, e.g. an atom, in a small
+ map, the search was performed twice if the key did not
+ exist.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13459</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ When an abnormally large distribution message is about to
+ be sent, the VM has been changed to create a crash dump
+ instead of a core dump.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13474</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix <c>erlang:process_info/2</c> type specification</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13485 Aux Id: ERL-123 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug in <c>open_port/2</c> with option <c>{args,
+ List}</c>. A vm crash could be caused by an improper
+ <c>List</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13489 Aux Id: ERL-127 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a race-condition bug where the emulator could crash
+ when <c>erlang:system_profile/1,2</c> was enabled and a
+ process had to be re-scheduled during termination.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13494 Aux Id: ERL-126 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bugs where the reduction counter was not handled
+ correct.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13512</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed typo in description of the <c>EPMD_DUMP_REQ</c>
+ response.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13517</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug where a process flagged as sensitive would
+ sometimes record its save_calls when it shouldn't.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13540</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Update configure scripts to not use hard-coded path for
+ /bin/pwd and /bin/rm.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13562</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ When passing a larger binary than the outputv callback of
+ a linked-in driver can handle in one io vector slot, the
+ binary is now split into multiple slots in the io vector.
+ This change only effects system where the max size of an
+ io vector slot is smaller then the word size of the
+ system (e.g. Windows).</p>
+ <p>
+ This change means that it is now possible on Windows to
+ send binaries that are larger than 4GB to port_command,
+ which is what is used for file:write, gen_tcp:send etc.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13628</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Workaround of Maps output in crashdumps. Currently the
+ atom 'undefined' is generated instead of Map data if a
+ Map type is encountered during crash.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13657</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The tracing support has been extended to allow a <seealso
+ marker="erl_tracer">tracer module</seealso> to be the
+ trace event handler instead of a process or port. The
+ <seealso marker="erl_tracer">tracer module</seealso>
+ makes it possible for trace tools to filter or manipulate
+ trace event data without the trace event first having to
+ be copied from the traced process or port.</p>
+ <p>
+ With the introduction of this feature,
+ <c>erlang:trace(all|existing, _, _)</c> now also returns
+ the tracer process as part of the number of processes on
+ which tracing is enabled. The is incompatible with the
+ previous releases.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-10267</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Introduce LTTng tracing of Erlang Runtime System</p>
+ <p>
+ For LTTng to be enabled OTP needs to be built with
+ configure option <c>--with-dynamic-trace=lttng</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ This feature introduces tracepoints for schedulers,
+ drivers, memory carriers, memory and async thread pool.</p>
+ <p> For a list of all tracepoints, see <seealso
+ marker="runtime_tools:LTTng">Runtime Tools User's
+ Guide</seealso> .</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-10282</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Make it possible to monitor/demonitor ports using the
+ <seealso
+ marker="erlang#monitor/2">erlang:monitor/2</seealso> API.
+ The process and port information functions have also been
+ updated to include information about monitors from
+ processes to ports.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-11384</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add microstate accounting</p>
+ <p>
+ Microstate accounting is a way to track which state the
+ different threads within ERTS are in. The main usage area
+ is to pin point performance bottlenecks by checking which
+ states the threads are in and then from there figuring
+ out why and where to optimize.</p>
+ <p>
+ Since checking whether microstate accounting is on or off
+ is relatively expensive only a few of the states are
+ enabled by default and more states can be enabled through
+ configure.</p>
+ <p>
+ There is a convenience module called msacc that has been
+ added to runtime_tools that can assist in gathering and
+ interpreting the data from Microstate accounting.</p>
+ <p>
+ For more information see <seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#statistics_microstate_accounting">erlang:statistics(microstate_accounting,
+ _)</seealso> and the <seealso
+ marker="runtime_tools:msacc">msacc</seealso> module in
+ runtime_tools.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12345</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The port of Erlang/OTP to the real-time operating system
+ OSE has been removed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12573</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Sharing preserved copy for messages and exit signals</p>
+ <p>
+ Enable sharing preserved copy with configure option
+ <c>--enable-sharing-preserving</c>. This will preserve
+ sharing, within the process, when communication with
+ other processes in the Erlang node. There is a trade-off,
+ the copy is more costly but this cost can be reclaimed if
+ there is a lot of sharing in the message. In addition
+ literals will not be copied in a send except during a
+ purge phase of the module where the literals are located.
+ This feature is considered experimental in 19.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12590 Aux Id: OTP-10251 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Halfword BEAM has been removed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12883</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Added <seealso
+ marker="kernel:os#perf_counter/1">os:perf_counter/1</seealso>.</p>
+ <p>
+ The perf_counter is a very very cheap and high resolution
+ timer that can be used to timestamp system events. It
+ does not have monoticity guarantees, but should on most
+ OS's expose a monotonous time.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12908</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Support for a fragmented young heap generation. That is,
+ the young heap generation can consist of multiple non
+ continuous memory areas. The main reason for this change
+ is to avoid extra copying of messages that could not be
+ allocated directly on the receivers heap.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13047</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Erlang linked-in driver can now force the call to
+ open_port to block until a call to erl_drv_init_ack is
+ made inside the driver. This is useful when you want to
+ do some asynchronous initialization, for example getting
+ configuration from a pipe, and you want the initial
+ open_port call to fail if the configuration is incomplete
+ or wrong. See the erl_driver documentation for more
+ details on the API.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13086</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Erlang linked-in drivers can now set their own pids as
+ seen in <c>erlang:port_info/1</c> by using the
+ <c>erl_drv_set_pid</c> function. For more details see the
+ erl_driver documentation.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13087</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The functionality behind <c>erlang:open_port/2</c> when
+ called with spawn or spawn_executable has been redone so
+ that the forking of the new program is done in a separate
+ process called erl_child_setup. This allows for a much
+ more robust implementation that uses less memory and does
+ not block the entire emulator if the program to be
+ started is on an un-accessible NFS. Benchmarks have shown
+ this approach to be about 3-5 times as fast as the old
+ approach where the fork/vfork was done by erts. This is a
+ pure stability and performance fix, however some error
+ messages may have changed, which is why it is marked as a
+ backwards incompatible change.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13088</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Improved yielding strategy in the implementation of
+ the following native functions:</p> <list>
+ <item><c>erlang:binary_to_list/1</c></item>
+ <item><c>erlang:binary_to_list/3</c></item>
+ <item><c>erlang:bitstring_to_list/1</c></item>
+ <item><c>erlang:list_to_binary/1</c></item>
+ <item><c>erlang:iolist_to_binary/1</c></item>
+ <item><c>erlang:list_to_bitstring/1</c></item>
+ <item><c>binary:list_to_bin/1</c></item> </list> <p>This
+ in order to improve performance of these functions.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13096</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ All garbage collections of processes now bump reductions.
+ Also the amount of reductions bumped when garbage
+ collecting has been adjusted. It now better corresponds
+ to the amount of work performed. This in order to improve
+ the real time characteristics of the system.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13097</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>New functions that can load multiple modules at once
+ have been added to the '<c>code</c>' module. The
+ functions are <c>code:atomic_load/1</c>,
+ <c>code:prepare_loading/1</c>,
+ <c>code:finish_loading/1</c>, and
+ <c>code:ensure_modules_loaded/1</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13111</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The <c>-boot_var</c> option for <c>erl</c> now only
+ supports a single key and single value (as documented).
+ The option used to allow multiple key/value pairs, but
+ that behavior was undocumented.</p>
+ <p>The function <c>erl_prim_loader:start/3</c> has been
+ removed. Its documentation has also been removed.</p>
+ <p>The undocumented and unsupported function
+ <c>erl_prim_loader:get_files/2</c> has been removed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13112</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Low level BIF <c>erlang:purge_module/1</c> is made more
+ robust against incorrect use. Lingering processes that
+ still refer the old code are now killed before the module
+ is purged to prevent fatal VM behavior.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13122</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Improved dirty scheduler implementation. For more
+ information see the <seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#dirty_nifs">NIF
+ documentation</seealso>.</p> <note><list> <item><p>The
+ dirty scheduler support is still
+ <em>experimental</em>.</p></item> <item><p>The support
+ for determining whether dirty NIF support exist or not at
+ compile time using the C preprocessor macro
+ <c>ERL_NIF_DIRTY_SCHEDULER_SUPPORT</c> has been
+ removed.</p></item> <item><p>The
+ <c>enif_is_on_dirty_scheduler()</c> function has been
+ removed. Use <seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_thread_type"><c>enif_thread_type()</c></seealso>
+ instead.</p></item> </list></note>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13123</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Various optimizations done to process dictionary access.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13167</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Added max_heap_size process flag. max_heap_size allows
+ the user to limit the maximum heap used by a process. See
+ <seealso
+ marker="erlang#process_flag/2">erlang:process_flag</seealso>
+ for more details.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13174</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Allow dynamic drivers and NIF libraries to be built with
+ gcc option <c>-fvisibility=hidden</c> for faster loading
+ and more optimized code.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13227</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add <c>erlang:process_info(Pid,
+ garbage_collection_info)</c> which returns extended
+ garbage_collection information. For more details see the
+ documentation.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13265</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The functions <c>erlang:list_to_integer/1</c> and
+ <c>string:to_integer/1</c> have been optimized for large
+ inputs.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13293</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Improved memory allocation strategy for hipe native code
+ on x86_64 (amd64) architectures by reserving enough low
+ virtual address space needed for the HiPE/AMD64 small
+ code model. The default virtual address area for hipe
+ code is set to 512Mb, but can be changed with emulator
+ flag <c>+MXscs</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13359</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Introduction of configurable management of data referred
+ to by the message queue of a process. Each process can be
+ configured individually.</p>
+ <p>
+ It is now possible to configure the message queue of a
+ process, so that all data referred by it will be kept
+ outside of the heap, and by this prevent this data from
+ being part of garbage collections.</p>
+ <p>
+ For more information see the documentation of <seealso
+ marker="erlang#process_flag_message_queue_data"><c>process_flag(message_queue_data,
+ MQD)</c></seealso>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13366 Aux Id: OTP-13047 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Processes now yield when scanning large message queues
+ and not finding a matching message. This in order to
+ improve real time characteristics.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13401</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Optimized an erts internal function that is used to
+ traverse erlang terms. The internal function was mainly
+ used by term_to_binary and comparison of terms.
+ Benchmarks have shown up to a 10% performance increase in
+ those functions after the optimization.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13440</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Add the following NIF API functions:</p>
+ <list> <item><seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_cpu_time"><c>enif_cpu_time</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_now_time"><c>enif_now_time</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_make_unique_integer"><c>enif_make_unique_integer</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_is_process_alive"><c>enif_is_process_alive</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_is_port_alive"><c>enif_is_port_alive</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_term_to_binary"><c>enif_term_to_binary</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_binary_to_term"><c>enif_binary_to_term</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_port_command"><c>enif_port_command</c></seealso></item>
+ </list>
+ <p>
+ For details of what each function does, see the erl_nif
+ documentation.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13442</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Optimize <c>'++'</c> operator and <c>lists:append/2</c>
+ by using a single pass to build a new list while checking
+ for properness.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13487</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Handle terms (pids,ports and refs) from nodes with a
+ 'creation' value larger than 3. This is a preparation of
+ the distribution protocol to allow OTP 19 nodes to
+ correctly communicate with future nodes (20 or higher).
+ The 'creation' value differentiates different
+ incarnations of the same node (name).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13488</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Don't send unasked for systemd notifications in epmd</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13493 Aux Id: PR-999 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The enif_send API has been extended to allow NULL to be
+ used as the message environment. When used this way, a
+ message environment is implicitly created and the given
+ term is copied into that environment before sending. This
+ can be an optimization if many small messages are being
+ sent by the nif.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13495</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The tracing support has been extended to allow tracing on
+ ports. Ports can be traced on using the 'ports', 'send'
+ and 'receive' trace flags.</p>
+ <p>
+ The first argument of <seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#trace/3">erlang:trace/3</seealso> has
+ been extended so that <c>'all'</c>, <c>'existing'</c> and
+ <c>'new'</c> now include both processes and ports. New
+ <c>Tracee</c> variants, <c>'all_processes'</c>,
+ <c>'all_ports'</c>, <c>'existing_processes'</c> etc have
+ been added to specify only processes or ports.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13496</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ When the <c>'procs'</c> trace flag is enabled, a
+ <c>'spawned'</c> trace event is now also generated by a
+ newly created process. The previous event <c>'spawn'</c>
+ remains, but as it is generated by the process that did
+ the spawn, it is not guaranteed that it is ordered with
+ other trace events from the newly spawned process. So
+ when tracking the lifetime of a process this new event
+ should be used as the creation event.</p>
+ <p>
+ This new trace event is marked as an incompatibility
+ because tools that expect certain trace events when
+ enabling 'procs' will have to updated.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13497</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add the <seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#match_spec_test/3">erlang:match_spec_test/3</seealso>
+ function. The functions allows the testing of match
+ specifications for both tracing and ets tables. It can be
+ used to test that a match specification does the expected
+ filtering on specific data. It also returns more verbose
+ error reasons for incorrectly constructed match
+ specifications.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13501</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The erts internal tracing support has been changed to
+ have much less overhead and be more scalable.</p>
+ <p>
+ This rewrite does not break any backwards
+ incompatibilities, but it does change the ordering of
+ some trace messages when compared to previous releases.
+ It should be noted that this only applies to trace
+ messages sent to processes or ports, it does not apply to
+ the new tracer module. However in future releases they
+ may also be effected by this.</p>
+ <p>
+ Trace messages are only guaranteed to be ordered from one
+ traced process or port. In previous releases this was not
+ visible as a <c>'send'</c> trace message would always
+ arrive before the corresponding <c>'receive'</c> trace
+ message that is no longer always the case. This also
+ means that timestamped trace messages may seem to arrive
+ out of order as the timestamp is taken when the event is
+ triggered and not when it is put in the queue of the
+ tracer.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13503</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add possibility to filter <c>send</c> and <c>receive</c>
+ trace with match specifications.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13507</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add <c>maps:update_with/3,4</c> and <c>maps:take/2</c></p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13522 Aux Id: PR-1025 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Introduce LTTng tracing via Erlang tracing.</p>
+ <p>
+ For LTTng to be enabled OTP needs to be built with
+ configure option <c>--with-dynamic-trace=lttng</c>.</p>
+ <p>The dynamic trace module <c>dyntrace</c> is now
+ capable to be used as a LTTng sink for Erlang tracing.
+ For a list of all tracepoints, see <seealso
+ marker="runtime_tools:LTTng">Runtime Tools User's
+ Guide</seealso> .</p>
+ <p>This feature also introduces an incompatible change in
+ trace tags. The trace tags <c>gc_start</c> and
+ <c>gc_end</c> has been split into <c>gc_minor_start</c>,
+ <c>gc_minor_end</c> and <c>gc_major_start</c>,
+ <c>gc_major_end</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13532</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Print heap pointers for garbing processes during
+ crashdump</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13541 Aux Id: PR-1026 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Changed and improved low level memory statistics returned
+ by <c>erlang:system_info/1</c>. The info for
+ <c>erts_mmap</c> has been moved from <c>mseg_alloc</c> to
+ its own section returned by <c>{allocator,
+ erts_mmap}</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13560</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add enif_snprintf to the NIF API</p>
+ <p>
+ The function <c>enif_snprintf</c> is similar to
+ <c>snprintf</c> call but can handle formatting of Erlang
+ terms via <c>%T</c> format specifier.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13580</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The warning in the documentation for
+ <c>erlang:raise/3</c> has been removed. It is now
+ officially perfectly fine to use raise/3 in production
+ code.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13599</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bugs caused by the VM sometimes truncating object
+ sizes or offsets to 32 bits on 64-bit hosts. These bugs
+ were mainly found when working with large unicode strings
+ and nifs environments.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13606</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add <c>-start_epmd</c> command line option, this lets you
+ disable automatic starting of epmd when starting a
+ distributed node.</p>
+ <p>
+ Add <c>-epmd_module</c> command line option, this lets
+ you specify a module to register and look-up node names
+ in. The default module is <c>erl_epmd</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13627</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ <c>erlang:halt</c> now truncates strings longer than 200
+ characters instead of failing with <c>badarg</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13630</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix possible race in poller wake up on windows</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13634</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 7.3.1.4</title>
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix performance bug in pre-allocators that could cause
+ them to permanently fall back on normal more expensive
+ memory allocation. Pre-allocators are used for quick
+ allocation of short lived meta data used by messages and
+ other scheduled tasks. Bug exists since OTP_R15B02.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14491</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
@@ -93,6 +4755,18 @@
</item>
<item>
<p>
+ A timer internal bit-field used for storing scheduler id
+ was too small. As a result, VM internal timer data
+ structures could become inconsistent when using 1024
+ schedulers on the system. Note that systems with less
+ than 1024 schedulers are not effected by this bug.</p>
+ <p>
+ This bug was introduced in ERTS version 7.0 (OTP 18.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14548 Aux Id: OTP-11997, ERL-468 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
Fixed bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> and
<c>binary_to_atom</c> that could cause VM crash.
Typically happens when the last character of an UTF8
@@ -105,15 +4779,261 @@
</item>
</list>
</section>
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 7.3.1.3</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A bug has been fixed where if erlang was started +B on a
+ unix platform it would be killed by a SIGUSR2 signal when
+ creating a crash dump.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13425 Aux Id: ERL-94 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Calls to <c>erl_drv_send_term()</c> or
+ <c>erl_drv_output_term()</c> from a non-scheduler thread
+ while the corresponding port was invalid caused the
+ emulator to enter an inconsistent state which eventually
+ caused an emulator crash.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13866</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Driver and NIF operations accessing processes or ports
+ could cause an emulator crash when used from
+ non-scheduler threads. Those operations are:</p> <list>
+ <item><c>erl_drv_send_term()</c></item>
+ <item><c>driver_send_term()</c></item>
+ <item><c>erl_drv_output_term()</c></item>
+ <item><c>driver_output_term()</c></item>
+ <item><c>enif_send()</c></item>
+ <item><c>enif_port_command()</c></item> </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13869</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> for binaries created by
+ <c>term_to_binary </c> with option <c>compressed</c>. The
+ bug can cause <c>badarg</c> exception for a valid binary
+ when Erlang VM is linked against a <c>zlib</c> library of
+ version 1.2.9 or newer. Bug exists since OTP 17.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14159 Aux Id: ERL-340 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
</section>
-<section><title>Erts 6.4.1.6</title>
+<section><title>Erts 7.3.1.2</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a race that could cause a lost wakeup of a process
+ that timed out in a <c>receive ... after</c>. This bug
+ was introduced in ERTS version 7.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13798 Aux Id: OTP-11997 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed segfault after writing an erl crash dump.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13799</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 7.3.1.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix scheduler deadlock bug in <c>ets:update_counter/4</c>
+ when key is not found and inserting the default object
+ causes the table to grow.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13731 Aux Id: ERL-188 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 7.3.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ <c>process_info(Pid, last_calls)</c> did not work for
+ <c>Pid /= self()</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13418</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Make sure to create a crash dump when running out of
+ memory. This was accidentally removed in the erts-7.3
+ release.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13419</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Schedulers could be woken by a premature timeout on
+ Linux. This premature wakeup was however harmless.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13420</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A process communicating with a port via one of the
+ <c>erlang:port_*</c> BIFs could potentially end up in an
+ inconsistent state if the port terminated during the
+ communication. When this occurred the process could later
+ block in a <c>receive</c> even though it had messages
+ matching in its message queue.</p>
+ <p>
+ This bug was introduced in erts version 5.10 (OTP R16A).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13424 Aux Id: OTP-10336 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The reference count of a process structure could under
+ rare circumstances be erroneously managed. When this
+ happened invalid memory accesses occurred.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13446</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix race between <c>process_flag(trap_exit,true)</c> and
+ a received exit signal.</p>
+ <p>
+ A process could terminate due to exit signal even though
+ <c>process_flag(trap_exit,true)</c> had returned. A very
+ specific timing between call to <c>process_flag/2</c> and
+ exit signal from another scheduler was required for this
+ to happen.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13452</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 7.3</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
+ The '-path' flag to 'erl' has been documented. This flag
+ replaces the path specified in the boot script. It has
+ always existed, but was earlier only documented in SASL
+ (script).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13060</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The <c>call_time</c> tracing functionality internally
+ used a time based on OS system time in order to measure
+ call time which could cause erroneous results if OS
+ system time was changed during tracing.</p>
+ <p>
+ This functionality now use Erlang monotonic time in order
+ to measure time. Besides fixing the erroneous results due
+ to OS system time being used, the results are often also
+ better since Erlang monotonic time often has better
+ accuracy and precision.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13216</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix behaviour of -delay_write command line switch of
+ epmd, which is used for debugging - in some cases epmd
+ was sleeping twice the requested amount of time.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13220</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix race between timeout and exit signal that could cause
+ a process to ignore the exit signal and continue
+ execution. Bug exist since OTP 18.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13245</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug in <c>erlang:halt/1,2</c> for large exit status
+ values, causing either <c>badarg</c> (on 32-bit) or exit
+ with a crash dump and/or core dump (on 64-bit). Make
+ <c>erlang:halt/1,2</c> tolerate any non negative integer
+ as exit status and truncate high order bits if the OS
+ does not support it.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13251 Aux Id: ERL-49 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ <seealso
+ marker="kernel:gen_tcp#accept/2"><c>gen_tcp:accept/2</c></seealso>
+ was not <seealso
+ marker="erts:time_correction#Time_Warp_Safe_Code">time
+ warp safe</seealso>. This since it used the same time as
+ returned by <seealso
+ marker="erts:erlang#now/0"><c>erlang:now/0</c></seealso>
+ when calculating timeout. This has now been fixed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13254 Aux Id: OTP-11997, OTP-13222 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix faulty error handling when writing to a compressed
+ file.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13270</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix sendfile usage for large files on FreeBSD</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13271</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug that could cause
+ <c>process_info(P,current_location)</c> to crash emulator
+ for hipe compiled modules.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13282 Aux Id: ERL-79 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Out of memory errors have been changed to cause an exit
+ instead of abort.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13292</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
When calling <c>garbage_collect/[1,2]</c> or
<c>check_process_code/[2,3]</c> from a process with a
higher priority than the priority of the process operated
@@ -122,17 +5042,206 @@
<p>
Own Id: OTP-13298 Aux Id: OTP-11388 </p>
</item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A workaround for an issue with older gcc versions (less
+ than 5) and inline assembly on 32-bit x86 caused an
+ emulator crash when it had been compiled with a newer gcc
+ version. An improved <c>configure</c> test, run when
+ building OTP, now detects whether the workaround should
+ be used or not.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13326 Aux Id: ERL-80 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Introduced new statistics functionality in order to
+ more efficiently retrieve information about run able and
+ active processes and ports. For more information see:</p>
+ <list> <item><seealso
+ marker="erlang#statistics_total_run_queue_lengths"><c>statistics(total_run_queue_lengths)</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso
+ marker="erlang#statistics_run_queue_lengths"><c>statistics(run_queue_lengths)</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso
+ marker="erlang#statistics_total_active_tasks"><c>statistics(total_active_tasks)</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso
+ marker="erlang#statistics_active_tasks"><c>statistics(active_tasks)</c></seealso></item>
+ </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13201</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Time warp safety improvements.</p>
+ <p>
+ Introduced the options <c>monotonic_timestamp</c>, and
+ <c>strict_monotonic_timestamp</c> to the trace,
+ sequential trace, and system profile functionality. This
+ since the already existing <c>timestamp</c> option is not
+ time warp safe.</p>
+ <p>
+ Introduced the option <c>safe_fixed_monotonic_time</c> to
+ <c>ets:info/2</c> and <c>dets:info/2</c>. This since the
+ already existing <c>safe_fixed</c> option is not time
+ warp safe.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13222 Aux Id: OTP-11997 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix a register race where down nodes goes undetected in
+ epmd</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13301</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Improved the gcc inline assembly implementing double word
+ atomic compare and exchange on x86/x86_64 so that it also
+ can be used when compiling with clang.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13336</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ An optimization preventing a long wait for a scheduler
+ thread looking up information about a process executing
+ on another scheduler thread had unintentionally been lost
+ in erts-5.10 (OTP R16A). This optimization has now been
+ reintroduced.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13365 Aux Id: OTP-9892 </p>
+ </item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
-<section><title>Erts 6.4.1.5</title>
+<section><title>Erts 7.2.1.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>Introduced new statistics functionality in order to
+ more efficiently retrieve information about run able and
+ active processes and ports. For more information see:</p>
+ <list> <item><seealso
+ marker="erlang#statistics_total_run_queue_lengths"><c>statistics(total_run_queue_lengths)</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso
+ marker="erlang#statistics_run_queue_lengths"><c>statistics(run_queue_lengths)</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso
+ marker="erlang#statistics_total_active_tasks"><c>statistics(total_active_tasks)</c></seealso></item>
+ <item><seealso
+ marker="erlang#statistics_active_tasks"><c>statistics(active_tasks)</c></seealso></item>
+ </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13201</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 7.2.1</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Revert "Fix erroneous splitting of emulator path"</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13202</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix HiPE enabled emulator for FreeBSD.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13204 Aux Id: pr926 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 7.2</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
+ Small documentation fixes</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13017</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix memory corruption bug caused by disabling
+ distribution and then re-enable distribution with a node
+ name that has previously been used by a remote node.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13076 Aux Id: seq12959 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Renamed variables with name bool as Visual Studio 2015
+ now treats this is a keyword.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13079</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p><c>erl_prim_loader</c> has not supported custom
+ loaders for several releases. In the documentation for
+ <c>erl_prim_loader</c>, all references to custom loaders
+ have now been removed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13102</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed compilation of erts together with libc versions
+ that do not define __uint32_t.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13105</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ erl -make now returns non-zero exit codes on failure</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13107</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix crash on init:restart in embedded mode caused by
+ on_load handler process not being relaunched leading to
+ load failure for modules such as crypto and asn1rt_nif
+ that need it to be present for correct NIF loading.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13115</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix maps decode in erlang:binary_to_term/1</p>
+ <p>Decoding a term with a large (HAMT) map in an small
+ (FLAT) map could cause a critical error if the external
+ format was not produced by beam.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13125</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix very rare bug in GC when big maps with a lot of hash
+ collisions from a remote node are waiting in inner
+ message queue.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13146</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
Fixed a bug that could cause a crash dump to become
almost empty.</p>
<p>
@@ -141,33 +5250,171 @@
</list>
</section>
-</section>
-<section><title>Erts 6.4.1.4</title>
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p> Updated the xmllint target to just check the xml
+ files with real documentation content.<br/> Corrected
+ some errors and added some missing target in the DTD's.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13026</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add function enif_getenv to read OS environment variables
+ in a portable way from NIFs.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13147</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 7.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
- The 'raw' socket option could not be used multiple times
- in one call to any e.g gen_tcp function because only one
- of the occurrences were used. This bug has been fixed,
- and also a small bug concerning propagating error codes
- from within inet:setopts/2.</p>
+ Fix bug in ETS that could cause stray objects marked for
+ deletion to occasionally be missed by the cleanup done by
+ <c>safe_fixtable(_,false)</c>.</p>
<p>
- Own Id: OTP-11482 Aux Id: seq12872 </p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12870</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed VM crash that could occur if a trace port was
+ linked to a process, and the trace port terminated
+ abnormally while handling a trace message. This bug has
+ always existed in the runtime system with SMP support.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12901</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Instead of aborting, the vm now creates a crash dump when
+ a system process is terminated.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12934</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a rare emulator dead lock that occurred when
+ erlang:process_flag(priority,...) was called by a process
+ that was also scheduled for an internal system activity.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12943</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The runtime system on various posix platforms (except for
+ Linux and Solaris) could crash when large amounts of
+ file-descriptors were in use.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12954</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A beam file compiled by hipe for an incompatible runtime
+ system was sometimes not rejected by the loader, which
+ could lead to vm crash. This fix will also allow the same
+ hipe compiler to be used by both normal and debug-built
+ vm.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12962</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug in <c>maps:merge/2</c> when called by hipe
+ compiled code that could cause vm crash. Bug exists since
+ erts-7.0 (OTP 18.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12965</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ When tracing with <c>process_dump</c> option, the VM
+ could abort if there was an ongoing binary match
+ somewhere in the call stack of the traced process.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12968</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed possible output deadlock in tty driver when hitting
+ "CTRL-C" in a non-smp emulator shell on unix.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12987 Aux Id: Seq12947 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix <c>binary_to_integer</c> to throw badarg for "+" and
+ "-" similar to <c>list_to_integer</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12988</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Suppress warning of unused argument when using macro
+ enif_make_pid.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12989</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Changed default clock source used for OS system time on
+ MacOS X to <c>gettimeofday()</c> in order to improve
+ performance. The system can be configured during build to
+ use the previously used higher resolution clock source by
+ passing the switch <seealso
+ marker="doc/installation_guide:INSTALL#Advanced-configuration-and-build-of-ErlangOTP_Configuring"><c>--with-clock-resolution=high</c></seealso>
+ when configuring the build.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12945 Aux Id: OTP-12892 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Added the <c>configure</c> option <seealso
+ marker="doc/installation_guide:INSTALL#Advanced-configuration-and-build-of-ErlangOTP_Configuring"><c>--disable-saved-compile-time</c></seealso>
+ which disables saving of compile date and time in the
+ emulator binary.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12971</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
-<section><title>Erts 6.4.1.3</title>
+<section><title>Erts 7.0.3</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
<p>
+ Fixed a binary memory leak when printing to shell using
+ the tty driver (i.e. not -oldshell).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12941</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix a bug where the standard error port sometimes crashes
+ with eagain as the reason.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12942</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
When tracing with <c>process_dump</c> option, the VM
could abort if there was an ongoing binary match
somewhere in the call stack of the traced process./</p>
@@ -179,7 +5426,7 @@
</section>
-<section><title>Erts 6.4.1.2</title>
+<section><title>Erts 7.0.2</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
@@ -197,16 +5444,245 @@
<p>
Own Id: OTP-12889 Aux Id: seq12885 </p>
</item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Removed unnecessary copying of data when retrieving
+ corrected Erlang monotonic time.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12894</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Changed default OS monotonic clock source chosen at build
+ time. This in order to improve performance. The behavior
+ will now on most systems be that (both OS and Erlang)
+ monotonic time stops when the system is suspended.</p>
+ <p>
+ If you prefer that monotonic time elapse during suspend
+ of the machine, you can pass the command line argument
+ <c>--enable-prefer-elapsed-monotonic-time-during-suspend</c>
+ to <c>configure</c> when building Erlang/OTP. The
+ configuration stage will try to find such a clock source,
+ but might not be able to find it. Note that there might
+ be a performance penalty associated with such a clock
+ source.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12895</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ <c>erlang:system_info(end_time)</c> returned a faulty
+ value on 32-bit architectures.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12896</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The <c>configure</c> command line argument
+ <c>--enable-gettimeofday-as-os-system-time</c> has been
+ added which force usage of <c>gettimeofday()</c> for OS
+ system time. This will improve performance of
+ <c>os:system_time()</c> and <c>os:timestamp()</c> on
+ MacOS X, at the expense of worse accuracy, resolution and
+ precision of Erlang monotonic time, Erlang system time,
+ and OS system time.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12892</p>
+ </item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
-<section><title>Erts 6.4.1.1</title>
+<section><title>Erts 7.0.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
<list>
<item>
+ <p>
+ Fix a rare hanging of the VM seen to happen just after
+ emulator start. Bug exists since R14.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12859 Aux Id: seq12882 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 7.0</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix issuing with spaces and quoting in the arguments when
+ using erlang:open_port spawn_executable on windows. The
+ behavior now mimics how unix works. This change implies a
+ backwards incompatibility for how spawn_executable works
+ on windows.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-11905</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix global call trace when hipe compiled code call beam
+ compiled functions. Tracing of beam functions should now
+ alway work regardless who the caller is.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-11939</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Correct cache alignment for ETS <c>write_concurrency</c>
+ locks to improve performance by reduced false sharing.
+ May increase memory footprint for tables with
+ <c>write_concurrency</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-11974</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ All possibly blocking operations in the fd/spawn and
+ terminal driver have been converted to non-blocking
+ operations. Before this fix it was possible for the VM to
+ be blocked for a long time if the entity consuming
+ stdout/stderr did not consume it fast enough.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12239</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add missing overhead for offheap binaries created from
+ external format. This fix can improve the garbage
+ collection of large binaries originating from
+ <c>binary_to_term</c> or messages from remote nodes.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12554</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Ensure hashing of zero is consistent</p>
+ <p> Erlang treats positive and negative zero as
+ equal:</p>
+ <p>
+ <c>true = 0.0 =:= 0.0/-1</c></p>
+ <p>However, Erlangs hash functions: hash, phash and
+ phash2 did not reflect this behaviour. The hash values
+ produced by the different hash functions would not be
+ identical for positive and negative zero.</p> <p>This
+ change ensures that hash value of positive zero is always
+ produced regardless of the signedness of the zero float,
+ i.e.,</p>
+ <p>
+ <c>true = erlang:phash2(0.0) =:=
+ erlang:phash2(0.0/-1)</c></p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12641</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Ensure NIF term creation disallows illegal floating point
+ values and too long atoms. Such values will cause a NIF
+ to throw badarg exception when it returns.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12655</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed building of Map results from match_specs</p>
+ <p>
+ A faulty "box-value" entered into the heap which could
+ cause a segmentation fault in the garbage collector if it
+ was written on a heap fragment.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12656</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix hipe bug when matching a "writable" binary. The bug
+ has been seen to sometimes cause a failed binary matching
+ of a correct utf8 character, but other symptoms are also
+ possible.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12667</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Keep dirty schedulers from waking other schedulers.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12685</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Disable floating point exceptions if the VM is compiled
+ by clang/llvm. This is a known long-standing problem in
+ clang/llvm.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12717</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug in <c>file:sendfile</c> for FreeBSD causing not
+ the entire file to be sent.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12720</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix the broken Android support in erl_child_setup.c</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12751</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Faulty statistics reported by the <c>fix_alloc</c>
+ allocator.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12766</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix two erts_snprintf() calls to correct sizes.</p>
+ <p>
+ - run_erl.c (ose): Use the size of the signal type, not
+ its pointer. - erl_node_tables.c: Use the size of the
+ _BUFFER in erts_snprintf() to make sure we can use the
+ full space.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12771</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Delayed memory allocations could be delayed an
+ unnecessarily long time.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12812</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Make sure that timeouts on a pool of acceptors are
+ released in the correct order.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12817</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix segmentation fault in module_info for deleted modules</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12820</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
<p>Fix garbage collection of literals in code purge</p>
<p>During code purging and check_process_code, the
checking of the binary reference embedded in the match
@@ -218,16 +5694,666 @@
</item>
<item>
<p>
- Fix a rare hanging of the VM seen to happen just after
- emulator start. Bug exists since R14.</p>
+ A bug has been corrected for gen_tcp:close so when
+ {linger,{true,0}} is in effect it does not wait for data
+ in the driver queue to transfer out before closing the
+ port. Bug fix by Rory Byrne.</p>
<p>
- Own Id: OTP-12859 Aux Id: seq12882 </p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12840</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The documentation of the driver callback <seealso
+ marker="driver_entry#start"><c>start()</c></seealso>
+ erroneously stated that a return value of
+ <c>ERL_DRV_ERROR_ERRNO</c> caused the error value to be
+ passed via <c>erl_errno</c> when it should have been
+ <c>errno</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12855</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add <c>md5</c> and <c>module</c> entries to
+ <c>?MODULE:module_info/0/1</c> and remove obsolete entry
+ 'import'.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-11940</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Debug function <c>erlang:display/1</c> shows content of
+ binaries and bitstrings, not only the length.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-11941</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The time functionality of Erlang has been extended.
+ This both includes a <seealso
+ marker="time_correction#The_New_Time_API">new
+ API</seealso> for time, as well as <seealso
+ marker="time_correction#Time_Warp_Modes">time warp
+ modes</seealso> which alters the behavior of the system
+ when system time changes. <em>You are strongly encouraged
+ to use the new API</em> instead of the old API based on
+ <seealso
+ marker="erlang#now/0"><c>erlang:now/0</c></seealso>.
+ <c>erlang:now/0</c> has been deprecated since it is and
+ forever will be a scalability bottleneck. For more
+ information see the <seealso
+ marker="time_correction">Time and Time
+ Correction</seealso> chapter of the ERTS User's
+ Guide.</p>
+ <p>Besides the API changes and time warp modes a lot of
+ scalability and performance improvements regarding time
+ management has been made internally in the runtime
+ system. Examples of such improvements are scheduler
+ specific timer wheels, scheduler specific BIF timer
+ management, parallel retrieval of monotonic time and
+ system time on systems with primitives that are not
+ buggy.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-11997</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p><c>erlang:function_exported(M, F, A)</c> will now
+ return <c>true</c> if <c>M:F/A</c> refers to a BIF.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12099</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ New BIF: <c>erlang:get_keys/0</c>, lists all keys
+ associated with the process dictionary. Note:
+ <c>erlang:get_keys/0</c> is auto-imported.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12151 Aux Id: seq12521 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Make distributed send of large messages yield to improve
+ real-time characteristics.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12232</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Use high accuracy poll timeouts</p>
+ <p>
+ Where available, use poll/select API's that can handle
+ time resolutions less than 1ms. In the cases where such
+ API's are not available the timeout is rounded up to the
+ nearest ms.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12236</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The internal group to user_drv protocol has been changed
+ to be synchronous in order to guarantee that output sent
+ to a process implementing the user_drv protocol is
+ printed before replying. This protocol is used by the
+ standard_output device and the ssh application when
+ acting as a client. </p>
+ <p>
+ This change changes the previous unlimited buffer when
+ printing to standard_io and other devices that end up in
+ user_drv to 1KB.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12240</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The previously introduced "eager check I/O" feature is
+ now enabled by default.</p>
+ <p>Eager check I/O can be disabled using the <c>erl</c>
+ command line argument: <c>+secio false</c></p>
+ <p>Characteristics impact compared to previous
+ default:</p> <list> <item>Lower latency and smoother
+ management of externally triggered I/O operations.</item>
+ <item>A slightly reduced priority of externally triggered
+ I/O operations.</item> </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12254 Aux Id: OTP-12117 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Properly support maps in match_specs</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12270</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The notice that a crashdump has been written has been
+ moved to be printed before the crashdump is generated
+ instead of afterwords. The wording of the notice has also
+ been changed.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12292</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ New function <c>ets:take/2</c>. Works the same as
+ <c>ets:delete/2</c> but also returns the deleted
+ object(s).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12309</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Tracing with cpu_timestamp option has been enabled on
+ Linux.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12366</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ ets:info/1,2 now contains information about whether
+ write_concurrency or read_concurrency is enabled.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12376</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Improved usage of <c>gcc</c>'s builtins for atomic memory
+ access. These are used when no other implementation of
+ atomic memory operations is available. For example, when
+ compiling for ARM when <c>libatomic_ops</c> is not
+ available.</p>
+ <p>
+ The largest improvement will be seen when compiling with
+ a <c>gcc</c> with support for the <c>__atomic_*</c>
+ builtins (using a <c>gcc</c> of at least version 4.7),
+ but also when only the legacy <c>__sync_*</c> builtins
+ are available (using a <c>gcc</c> of at least version
+ 4.1) an improvement can be seen.</p>
+ <p>
+ For more information see the "<seealso
+ marker="doc/installation_guide:INSTALL#Advanced-configuration-and-build-of-ErlangOTP_Configuring_Atomic-Memory-Operations-and-the-VM">Atomic
+ Memory Operations and the VM</seealso>" section of
+ <c>$ERL_TOP/HOWTO/INSTALL.md</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12383</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Introduce <c>math:log2/1</c> function to math module.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12411</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The documentation of the Abstract Format (in the ERTS
+ User's Guide) has been updated with types and
+ specification. (Thanks to Anthony Ramine.) </p> <p> The
+ explicit representation of parentheses used in types of
+ the abstract format has been removed. Instead the new
+ functions <c>erl_parse:type_inop_prec()</c> and
+ <c>erl_parse:type_preop_prec()</c> can be used for
+ inserting parentheses where needed. </p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12492</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Remove perfctr support</p>
+ <p>
+ Development of perfctr in the linux kernel ceased in
+ 2010. The perfctr support code in the Erlang VM is thus
+ effectively dead code and therefor removed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12508</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p><c>zlib:inflateChunk/2</c> has been added. It works
+ like <c>zlib:inflate/2</c>, but decompresses no more data
+ than will fit in the buffer configured by
+ <c>zlib:setBufSize/2</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12548</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Use linear search for small select_val arrays</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12555</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ New BIF ets:update_counter/4 with a default object as
+ argument, which will be inserted in the table if the key
+ was not found.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12563</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Export missing types from zlib module</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12584</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Use persistent hashmaps for large Maps</p>
+ <p>Maps will use a
+ persistent hashmap implementation when the number of
+ pairs in a Map becomes sufficiently large. The change
+ will occur when a Map reaches 33 pairs in size but this
+ limit might change in the future.</p>
+ <p>The most significant impact for the user by this
+ change is speed, and to a lesser degree memory
+ consumption and introspection of Maps. Memory consumption
+ size is probalistic but lesser than <c>gb_trees</c> or
+ <c>dict</c> for instance. Any other impacts will be
+ transparent for the user except for the following
+ changes.</p>
+ <p>Semantics of Maps have changed in two incompatible
+ ways compared to the experimental implementation in OTP
+ 17:</p> <list> <item>Hashing of maps is done different by
+ <c>erlang:phash2/1,2</c>, <c>erlang:phash/1</c> and
+ <c>erlang:hash/2</c>.</item> <item>Comparing two maps
+ with ==, /=, =&lt;, &lt;, &gt;= and &gt;, is done
+ different if the keys contain floating point
+ numbers.</item> </list>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12585</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Scalability improvement for <seealso
+ marker="erlang#make_ref/0">erlang:make_ref/0</seealso>,
+ and other functionality that create references. Each
+ scheduler now manage its own set of references. By this
+ no communication at all is needed when creating
+ references.</p>
+ <p>
+ Previous implementation generated a strictly
+ monotonically increasing sequence of references
+ corresponding to creation time on the runtime system
+ instance. This is <em>not</em> the case with current
+ implementation. You can only expect reference to be
+ unique. The Erlang/OTP documentation has never mentioned
+ anything else but the uniqueness property, so this change
+ <em>is</em> fully compatible. The only reason we've
+ marked this as a potential incompatibility is since an
+ early draft for an Erlang specification mentions strict
+ monotonicity as a property.</p>
+ <p>
+ If you need to create data with a strict monotonicity
+ property use <seealso
+ marker="erlang#unique_integer/1">erlang:unique_integer([monotonic])</seealso>.
+ Do <em>not</em> use the deprecated <seealso
+ marker="erlang#now/0">erlang:now()</seealso>.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12610</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Enable different abort signal from heart</p>
+ <p>By using environment variable HEART_KILL_SIGNAL, heart
+ can now use a different signal to kill the old running
+ Erlang.</p>
+ <p>By default the signal is SIGKILL but SIGABRT may also
+ be used by setting environment variable:
+ HEART_KILL_SIGNAL=SIGABRT</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12613 Aux Id: seq12826 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Update autconf to latest version 2015-03-04</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12646</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Optimization of timers internally in the VM. This include
+ process timers (<c>receive ... after</c>), port timers
+ (<c>driver_set_timer()</c>) as well as BIF timers
+ (<c>erlang:send_after()</c>/<c>erlang:start_timer()</c>).</p>
+ <p>
+ Each scheduler thread now has its own lock-free timer
+ service instead of one locked central service. This
+ dramatically improves performance of timer management on
+ systems with a large amount of schedulers and timers.</p>
+ <p>
+ The timer service internal data structure has also been
+ optimized to be able to handle more timers than before.
+ That is, each timer service is by its self able to handle
+ more timers without dramatic performance loss than the
+ old centralized timer service.</p>
+ <p>
+ The API of BIF timers has also been extended. Timeout
+ values are for example no longer limited to 32-bit
+ integers. For more information see the documentation of
+ <seealso
+ marker="erlang#start_timer/4"><c>erlang:start_timer/4</c></seealso>,
+ <seealso
+ marker="erlang#send_after/4"><c>erlang:send_after/4</c></seealso>,
+ <seealso
+ marker="erlang#cancel_timer/2"><c>erlang:cancel_timer/2</c></seealso>,
+ and <seealso
+ marker="erlang#read_timer/2"><c>erlang:read_timer/2</c></seealso>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Characteristics impact: Calls to the synchronous versions
+ of <c>erlang:cancel_timer()</c>, and
+ <c>erlang:read_timer()</c> may take substantially longer
+ time to complete than before. This occur when the timer
+ that is accessed is managed by a remote scheduler. You
+ typically want to use the new asynchronous option in
+ order to avoid blocking the calling process.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12650 Aux Id: OTP-11997 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Specialize instructions from common assembler patterns</p>
+ <p>Specialize common instructions of <c>rem</c>,
+ <c>band</c>, <c>minus</c> and <c>plus</c> in the beam
+ loader. This will reduce the number of fetches and thus
+ lessen the instruction dispatch pressure during runtime
+ and speed up those operations in some common cases.</p>
+ <p>Specialize move patterns from x-registers to the stack
+ with a new <c>move_window</c> instruction. This change
+ will reduce instruction dispatch pressure.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12690</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix cross compilation for Android.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12693</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix incorrect use of autoconf macro AC_EGREP_CPP, which
+ could cause faulty configuration if run from a path
+ containing the string 'yes'.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12706</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Minimal Java version is now 1.6</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12715</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Send format and args on process exit to error_logger</p>
+ <p>
+ Previously, the emulator would generate a whole string
+ with values and call the error_logger passing
+ <c>"~s~n"</c>. This changes it to a format string
+ containing <c>~p</c> with the respective values as
+ arguments.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12735</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Map error logger warnings to warning messages by default.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12755</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Configure architecture ppc64le architecture as a ppc64</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12761</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add function <c>enif_raise_exception</c> to allow a NIF
+ to raise an error exception with any type of reason.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12770</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Optimized node table statistics retrieval.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12777</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Map beam error logger warnings to warning messages by
+ default. Previously these messages were mapped to the
+ error channel by default.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12781</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ gen_tcp:shutdown/2 is now asynchronous</p>
+ <p>
+ This solves the following problems with the old
+ implementation:</p>
+ <p>
+ It doesn't block when the TCP peer is idle or slow. This
+ is the expected behaviour when shutdown() is called: the
+ caller needs to be able to continue reading from the
+ socket, not be prevented from doing so.</p>
+ <p>
+ It doesn't truncate the output. The current version of
+ gen_tcp:shutdown/2 will truncate any outbound data in the
+ driver queue after about 10 seconds if the TCP peer is
+ idle of slow. Worse yet, it doesn't even inform anyone
+ that the data has been truncated: 'ok' is returned to the
+ caller; and a FIN rather than an RST is sent to the TCP
+ peer.</p>
+ <p>
+ *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12797</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Introduced delayed node table GC. This in order to avoid
+ oscillation of entries in and out of the tables. The
+ oscillation caused unnecessary lock contention on the
+ table locks. The delay length can be set by passing the
+ <seealso marker="erl#+zdntgc"><c>+zdntgc</c></seealso>
+ command line argument.</p>
+ <p>
+ Characteristics impact: The tables can grow to very large
+ sizes with unused entries if the node is get huge amounts
+ of short lived connections from other nodes. This problem
+ can be alleviated by shortening the length of the delay
+ using the <c>+zdntgc</c> command line argument.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12802</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Improved implementation of <seealso
+ marker="erlang#statistics/1"><c>erlang:statistics</c></seealso><c>(io)</c>
+ in order to reduce contention between schedulers.</p>
+ <p>Characteristics impact: The actual call to
+ <c>erlang:statistics(io)</c> takes longer time to
+ complete, but the overall impact on the system is
+ improved.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12842</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ There are many cases where user code needs to be able to
+ distinguish between a socket that was closed normally and
+ one that was aborted. Setting the option
+ {show_econnreset, true} enables the user to receive
+ ECONNRESET errors on both active and passive sockets.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12843</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Do not preallocate too large event pool</p>
+ <p>
+ A default pool size of 4000 is too excessive for the
+ common case. This corresponds directly to the number of
+ threads in the system. Change
+ ERTS_TS_EV_ALLOC_DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE to 2048. Change
+ ERTS_TS_EV_ALLOC_POOL_SIZE to 32.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-12849</p>
</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
+<section><title>Erts 6.4.1.7</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A process communicating with a port via one of the
+ <c>erlang:port_*</c> BIFs could potentially end up in an
+ inconsistent state if the port terminated during the
+ communication. When this occurred the process could later
+ block in a <c>receive</c> even though it had messages
+ matching in its message queue.</p>
+ <p>
+ This bug was introduced in erts version 5.10 (OTP R16A).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13424 Aux Id: OTP-10336 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Calls to <c>erl_drv_send_term()</c> or
+ <c>erl_drv_output_term()</c> from a non-scheduler thread
+ while the corresponding port was invalid caused the
+ emulator to enter an inconsistent state which eventually
+ caused an emulator crash.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13866</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Driver and NIF operations accessing processes or ports
+ could cause an emulator crash when used from
+ non-scheduler threads. Those operations are:</p> <list>
+ <item><c>erl_drv_send_term()</c></item>
+ <item><c>driver_send_term()</c></item>
+ <item><c>erl_drv_output_term()</c></item>
+ <item><c>driver_output_term()</c></item>
+ <item><c>enif_send()</c></item>
+ <item><c>enif_port_command()</c></item> </list>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13869</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> for binaries created by
+ <c>term_to_binary </c> with option <c>compressed</c>. The
+ bug can cause <c>badarg</c> exception for a valid binary
+ when Erlang VM is linked against a <c>zlib</c> library of
+ version 1.2.9 or newer. Bug exists since OTP 17.0.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14159 Aux Id: ERL-340 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in operator <c>bxor</c> causing erroneuos
+ result when one operand is a big <em>negative</em>
+ integer with the lowest <c>N*W</c> bits as zero and the
+ other operand not larger than <c>N*W</c> bits. <c>N</c>
+ is an integer of 1 or larger and <c>W</c> is 32 or 64
+ depending on word size.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14514</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> and
+ <c>binary_to_atom</c> that could cause VM crash.
+ Typically happens when the last character of an UTF8
+ string is in the range 128 to 255, but truncated to only
+ one byte. Bug exists in <c>binary_to_term</c> since ERTS
+ version 5.10.2 (OTP_R16B01) and <c>binary_to_atom</c>
+ since ERTS version 9.0 (OTP-20.0).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14590 Aux Id: ERL-474 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 6.4.1.6</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ When calling <c>garbage_collect/[1,2]</c> or
+ <c>check_process_code/[2,3]</c> from a process with a
+ higher priority than the priority of the process operated
+ on, the run queues could end up in an inconsistent state.
+ This bug has now been fixed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13298 Aux Id: OTP-11388 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 6.4.1.5</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed a bug that could cause a crash dump to become
+ almost empty.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13150</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+<section><title>Erts 6.4.1.4</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The 'raw' socket option could not be used multiple times
+ in one call to any e.g gen_tcp function because only one
+ of the occurrences were used. This bug has been fixed,
+ and also a small bug concerning propagating error codes
+ from within inet:setopts/2.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-11482 Aux Id: seq12872 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
+
<section><title>Erts 6.4.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
@@ -572,8 +6698,7 @@
prioritized to the same extent as when eager check I/O is
disabled.</p>
<p>Eager check I/O can be enabled using the <c>erl</c>
- command line argument: <seealso
- marker="erl#+secio"><c>+secio true</c></seealso></p>
+ command line argument: <c>+secio true</c></p>
<p>Characteristics impact when enabled:</p> <list>
<item>Lower latency and smoother management of externally
triggered I/O operations.</item> <item>A slightly reduced
@@ -616,7 +6741,7 @@
<p>
Improved support for atomic memory operations provided by
the <url
- href="https://github.com/ivmai/libatomic_ops/"><c>libatomic_ops</c></url>
+ href="https://github.com/ivmai/libatomic_ops/">libatomic_ops</url>
library. Most importantly support for use of native
double word atomics when implemented by
<c>libatomic_ops</c> (for example, implemented for ARM).</p>
@@ -1583,22 +7708,28 @@
<p>
EEP43: New data type - Maps</p>
<p>
- With Maps you may for instance: <taglist> <item><c>M0 =
- #{ a =&gt; 1, b =&gt; 2}, % create
- associations</c></item> <item><c>M1 = M0#{ a := 10 }, %
- update values</c></item> <item><c>M2 = M1#{ "hi" =&gt;
- "hello"}, % add new associations</c></item> <item><c>#{
- "hi" := V1, a := V2, b := V3} = M2. % match keys with
- values</c></item> </taglist></p>
+ With Maps you may for instance:</p>
+ <taglist>
+ <tag/> <item><c>M0 = #{ a =&gt; 1, b =&gt; 2}, % create
+ associations</c></item>
+ <tag/><item><c>M1 = M0#{ a := 10 }, % update values</c></item>
+ <tag/><item><c>M2 = M1#{ "hi" =&gt;
+ "hello"}, % add new associations</c></item>
+ <tag/><item><c>#{ "hi" := V1, a := V2, b := V3} = M2.
+ % match keys with values</c></item>
+ </taglist>
<p>
For information on how to use Maps please see Map Expressions in the
<seealso marker="doc/reference_manual:expressions#map_expressions">
Reference Manual</seealso>.</p>
<p>
The current implementation is without the following
- features: <taglist> <item>No variable keys</item>
- <item>No single value access</item> <item>No map
- comprehensions</item> </taglist></p>
+ features:</p>
+ <taglist>
+ <tag/><item>No variable keys</item>
+ <tag/><item>No single value access</item>
+ <tag/><item>No map comprehensions</item>
+ </taglist>
<p>
Note that Maps is <em>experimental</em> during OTP 17.0.</p>
<p>
@@ -3150,7 +9281,7 @@
dependent, so applications aiming to be portable should
consider using <c>{ipv6_v6only,true}</c> when creating an
<c>inet6</c> listening/destination socket, and if
- neccesary also create an <c>inet</c> socket on the same
+ necessary also create an <c>inet</c> socket on the same
port for IPv4 traffic. See the documentation.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8928 Aux Id: kunagi-193 [104] </p>
@@ -3531,7 +9662,7 @@
This change of default value will reduce lock contention
on ETS tables using the <c>read_concurrency</c> option at
the expense of memory consumption when the amount of
- schedulers and logical processors are beween 8 and 64.
+ schedulers and logical processors are between 8 and 64.
For more information, see documentation of the <c>+rg</c>
command line argument of <c>erl(1)</c>.</p>
<p>
@@ -3758,8 +9889,7 @@
<p>
Fix erl_prim_loader errors in handling of primary
archive. The following errors have been corrected:</p>
- <p>
- <list> <item> If primary archive was named "xxx", then a
+ <list> <item> If primary archive was named "xxx", then a
file in the same directory named "xxxyyy" would be
interpreted as a file named "yyy" inside the archive.
</item> <item> erl_prim_loader did not correctly create
@@ -3774,7 +9904,8 @@
erl_prim_loader:list_dir/1 would sometimes return an
empty string inside the file list. This was a virtual
element representing the top directory of the archive.
- This has been removed. </item> </list></p>
+ This has been removed. </item>
+ </list>
<p>
Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz and Shunichi Shinohara for
reporting and co-authoring corrections.</p>
@@ -4508,7 +10639,7 @@
<p>
For the subsection about process_flag(save_calls, N)
there's an unrelated paragraph about process priorities
- which was copied from the preceeding subsection regarding
+ which was copied from the preceding subsection regarding
process_flag(priority, Level). (Thanks to Filipe David
Manana)</p>
<p>
@@ -5723,7 +11854,7 @@
<item>
<p>
Wx on MacOS X generated complains on stderr about certain
- cocoa functions not beeing called from the "Main thread".
+ cocoa functions not being called from the "Main thread".
This is now corrected.</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-9081</p>
@@ -6217,12 +12348,12 @@
Own Id: OTP-8726 Aux Id: seq11617 </p>
</item>
<item>
- <p>Fix libm linking with --as-needed flag
+ <p>Fix libm linking with --as-needed flag</p>
<p>
When building with "--as-needed" linker flags on Linux
the build will fail. This has now been fixed.</p>
<p>
- (Thanks to Christian Faulhammer)</p></p>
+ (Thanks to Christian Faulhammer)</p>
<p>
Own Id: OTP-8728</p>
</item>
@@ -6561,7 +12692,7 @@
<c>update_cpu_info</c> will make the runtime system
reread and update the internally stored CPU information.
For more information see the documentation of <seealso
- marker="erlang#update_cpu_info">erlang:system_info(update_cpu_info)</seealso>.</p>
+ marker="erlang#system_info_update_cpu_info">erlang:system_info(update_cpu_info)</seealso>.</p>
<p>
The CPU topology is now automatically detected on Windows
systems with less than 33 logical processors. The runtime
@@ -6714,7 +12845,7 @@
</item>
<item>
<p>The <c>empd</c> program could loop and consume 100%
- CPU time if an unexpected error ocurred in
+ CPU time if an unexpected error occurred in
<c>listen()</c> or <c>accept()</c>. Now <c>epmd</c> will
terminate if a non-recoverable error occurs. (Thanks to
Michael Santos.)</p>
@@ -7408,9 +13539,9 @@
dynamically linking against <c>libssl.so</c> and
<c>libcrypto.so</c>. The runtime library search path has
also been extended. </item><item> The <c>configure</c>
- scripts of <c>erl_interface</c> and <c>odbc</c> now
+ scripts of Erl_interface and ODBC now
search for thread libraries and thread library quirks the
- same way as <c>erts</c> do. </item><item> The
+ same way as ERTS do. </item><item> The
<c>configure</c> script of the <c>odbc</c> application
now also looks for odbc libraries in <c>lib64</c> and
<c>lib/64</c> directories when building on a 64-bit
@@ -8526,7 +14657,7 @@
</item>
<item>
<p>
- A corrected bug in <c>ets</c> for <c>bag</c> and
+ A corrected bug in ETS for <c>bag</c> and
<c>duplicate_bag</c>. A <c>delete/2</c> or
<c>lookup_element/3</c> could miss objects in a fixed
table if one or more objects with the same key had
@@ -8968,7 +15099,7 @@
<list>
<item>
<p>
- A corrected bug in <c>ets</c> for <c>bag</c> and
+ A corrected bug in ETS for <c>bag</c> and
<c>duplicate_bag</c>. A <c>delete/2</c> or
<c>lookup_element/3</c> could miss objects in a fixed
table if one or more objects with the same key had