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</header>
<p>This document describes the changes made to the ERTS application.</p>
+<section><title>Erts 10.4</title>
+
+ <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Do not allocate new bitstring/binary when an empty binary
+ is appended.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15535 Aux Id: PR-2055 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Document that <c>process_info(_, current_function)</c>
+ can return <c>{current_function, undefined}</c> in case
+ of execution of native code.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15543 Aux Id: PR-2089 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug in <c>ets:select</c>, <c>ets:match</c> and
+ friends which could cause the table to remain fixated (as
+ if <c>ets:safe_fixtable</c> had been called) after the
+ call returned. This could happen for <c>protected</c>
+ tables if another concurrent running process transferred
+ table ownership to the process during its
+ ets:select/match call. Ownership can be transferred using
+ either <c>ets:give_away</c> or the <c>heir</c> table
+ option.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15672</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a Windows-specific bug in <c>file:list_dir/1</c>
+ that caused it to misbehave on network shares.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15693</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fixed bug when calling <c>enif_whereis_*</c> from NIF
+ resource destructor. Symptoms could be emulator crash or
+ hanging scheduler threads.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15694 Aux Id: ERL-863 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Fixed a bug in the error case of <c>apply/3</c>, where
+ the exception would erroneously have an empty argument
+ list in some cases.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15698</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>A bug has been fixed in the <c>maps</c> implementation
+ that could cause a crash or memory usage to grow until
+ the machine ran out of memory. This could happen when
+ inserting a new key-value pair with a key <c>K1</c>
+ containing a binary <c>B1</c> into a map <c>M</c> having
+ a key <c>K2</c> with a binary <c>B2</c> if the following
+ conditions were met:</p> <list> <item><c>B1 =/=
+ B2</c></item> <item><c>size(B1) >= 4294967296</c></item>
+ <item><c>size(B2) >= 4294967296</c></item>
+ <item><c>size(M) >= 32</c></item> <item><c>(size(B1) rem
+ 4294967296) == (size(B2) rem 4294967296)</c></item>
+ <item>the first <c>(size(B1) rem 4294967296)</c> bytes
+ are the same both in <c>B1</c> and <c>B2</c></item>
+ <item>substituting <c>B1</c> in <c>K1</c> with <c>B2</c>
+ would create a term with the same value as
+ <c>K2</c></item> </list> <p>The root cause of the problem
+ is that the <c>maps</c> implementation only hashed the
+ first <c>(X rem 4294967296)</c> bytes of binaries so that
+ different binaries could get the same hash value
+ independently of the hash seed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15707</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ <c>term_to_binary()</c> and distributed sends will now
+ throw a <c>system_limit</c> exception instead of
+ producing erroneous results when trying to encode a
+ binary larger than 4 GB.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15708</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The vxworks configure has been updated to respect the
+ environment CFLAGS.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15773</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix configure to not enable PGO (profile guided
+ optimizations) when linking of the PGO binary fails. For
+ instance this happens when there is no gcov lib
+ installed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15788</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix bug on OpenBSD where sockets using <c>active,
+ true</c> or <c>active, N</c> could cause the system to
+ live lock. The bug was introduced in erts-10.2
+ (OTP-21.2).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15791</p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
+ <list>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Add support for Erlang Distribution protocol to split the
+ payload of large signals into several fragments. This
+ allows other processes to communicate uninterrupted
+ during the transmission of these signals.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-13397</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A simple socket API is provided through the socket
+ module. This is a low level API that does *not* replace
+ gen_[tcp|udp|sctp]. It is intended to *eventually*
+ replace the inet driver, but not the high level
+ gen-modules (gen_tcp, gen_udp and gen_sctp). It also
+ provides a basic API that facilitates the implementation
+ of other protocols, that is TCP, UDP and SCTP. </p>
+ <p>
+ Known issues are; No support for the Windows OS
+ (currently).</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-14831</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Added NIF functions <seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_set_pid_undefined"><c>enif_set_pid_undefined</c></seealso>,
+ <seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_is_pid_undefined"><c>enif_is_pid_undefined</c></seealso>
+ and <seealso
+ marker="erl_nif#enif_compare_pids"><c>enif_compare_pids</c></seealso>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15011 Aux Id: PR-2147 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Underutilized memory segments (carriers) can now move
+ between all allocator instances, rather than just between
+ instances of the same type, which greatly reduces memory
+ usage in some scenarios. </p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15063</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The emulator will now mark free blocks in pooled
+ carriers with <c>madvise(2) + MADV_FREE</c> (or similar),
+ letting the OS reclaim the associated physical memory if
+ necessary.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15075</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ New <c>ERL_NIF_SELECT_CANCEL</c> feature added to
+ <c>enif_select</c> in order to cancel (or "deselect") a
+ read or write event on a previously selected file
+ descriptor.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15095</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ ETS option <c>write_concurrency</c> now also affects and
+ improves the scalability of <c>ordered_set</c> tables.
+ The implementation is based on a data structure called
+ contention adapting search tree, where the lock
+ granularity adapts to the actual amount of concurrency
+ exploited by the applications in runtime.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15128</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Build configuration of the <c>crypto</c> application has
+ been moved from the <c>erts</c> application into the
+ <c>crypto</c> application.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15129</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Anonymous functions that don't capture environment are
+ now created at load-time instead of in run-time.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15195 Aux Id: PR-1812 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Optimize updates of maps with identical keys and values.
+ E.g. in the example below the original Map will be reused
+ as the return of the update.</p>
+ <p>
+ 1> Map = #{ a => b }. #{ a => b } 2> Map#{ a := b }.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15211 Aux Id: PR-1889 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Optimize <c>binary:match/2</c> and
+ <c>binary:matches/2</c> to use memchr internally.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15238 Aux Id: PR-1803 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The runtime system used to terminate when a message
+ larger than 2 Gb was passed over the distribution. The
+ send operation will now instead throw a
+ <c>system_limit</c> exception.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15261</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Change the first module called by erts to be named
+ erl_init instead of otp_ring0. systools in sasl have been
+ updated to reflect this change.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15336 Aux Id: PR-1825 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Minor adjustments made to build system for parallel
+ configure.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15340 Aux Id: OTP-14625 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Two new NIF interface functions <c>enif_select_read</c>
+ and <c>enif_select_write</c>. They are similar to
+ existing <c>enif_select</c> but allow a custom event
+ message as an argument.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15349 Aux Id: PR-2084 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The embedded copy of <c>zlib</c> has been updated from
+ <c>1.2.8</c> to <c>1.2.11</c>.</p>
+ <p>Note that this copy is only used as a fallback when
+ the target platform doesn't provide any <c>zlib</c>
+ development libraries. If your system provides
+ <c>zlib</c> then it will be used even if it is older than
+ <c>1.2.11</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15351 Aux Id: ERL-749 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ New NIF function <c>enif_make_monitor_term</c>.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15362 Aux Id: PR-2127 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Appending lists (The ++ operator) will now yield
+ properly on large inputs.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15427</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The <c>length/1</c> BIF used to calculate the length
+ of the list in one go without yielding, even if the list
+ was very long. In OTP 22, <c>length/1</c> will yield when
+ called with long lists.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15439</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Processes sending messages are now punished with a
+ reduction cost based on message size. That is, a process
+ sending a large message will yield earlier than before.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15513 Aux Id: ERL-773 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The transitory emulator option <c>+ztma true</c>
+ (introduced in OTP 21.3) has been removed.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15581 Aux Id: OTP-15580 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>In OTP 22, HiPE (the native code compiler) is not
+ fully functional. The reasons for this are:</p>
+ <p>There are new BEAM instructions for binary matching
+ that the HiPE native code compiler does not support.</p>
+ <p>The new optimizations in the Erlang compiler create
+ new combination of instructions that HiPE currently does
+ not handle correctly.</p>
+ <p>If erlc is invoked with the <c>+native</c> option, and
+ if any of the new binary matching instructions are used,
+ the compiler will issue a warning and produce a BEAM file
+ without native code.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15596</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The termination behaviour of processes has changed to
+ allow processes to yield while sending link exit/monitor
+ down signals.</p>
+ <p>
+ The erl crash dump has been expanded to now also include
+ processes that are termeinating but have not yet
+ terminated.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15610</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The dist messages EXIT, EXIT2 and MONITOR_DOWN have been
+ updated with new versions that send the reason term as
+ part of the payload of the message instead of as part of
+ the control message.</p>
+ <p>
+ The old versions are still present and can be used when
+ communicating with nodes that don't support the new
+ versions.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15611</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ When sending messages, exit, exit2 and monitor down
+ distributed signals, the process sending will now yield
+ appropriately.</p>
+ <p>
+ This means that a terminating process will yield and
+ possibly be suspended on busy distribution entries while
+ they are terminating. This means that any memory held by
+ such processes will not be released until after all
+ exit/monitor down signals have been sent.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15612</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ All external pids/ports/refs created by
+ erlang:list_to_pid/port/ref debug functions now compare
+ equal to any other pid/port/ref with the same number from
+ that node.</p>
+ <p>
+ Before this change they compared differently because the
+ node creation of the pid/port/ref did not compare equal
+ to any real pid/port/ref creation.</p>
+ <p>
+ This will mostly effect pids/ports/refs typed in the
+ shell.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15613</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The <c>persistent_term</c> functions <c>put/2</c> and
+ <c>erase/1</c> are now yielding.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15615</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A new <seealso
+ marker="erlang#dist_ctrl_set_opt/3"><c>erlang:dist_ctrl_set_opt(DHandle,
+ get_size, Value)</c></seealso> option has been added.
+ This option makes it possible to configure the
+ distribution channel identified by <c>DHandle</c> so that
+ <seealso
+ marker="erlang#dist_ctrl_get_data/1"><c>erlang:dist_ctrl_get_data(DHandle)</c></seealso>
+ also returns the size of the data to pass over the
+ channel.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15617</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Previously, all ETS tables used centralized counter
+ variables to keep track of the number of items stored and
+ the amount of memory consumed. These counters can cause
+ scalability problems (especially on big NUMA systems).
+ This change adds an implementation of a decentralized
+ counter and modifies the implementation of ETS so that
+ ETS tables of type <c>ordered_set</c> with
+ <c>write_concurrency</c> enabled use the decentralized
+ counter. Experiments indicate that this change
+ substantially improves the scalability of ETS
+ <c>ordered_set</c> tables with <c>write_concurrency</c>
+ enabled in scenarios with frequent <c>ets:insert/2</c>
+ and <c>ets:delete/2</c> calls.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15623 Aux Id: PR-2190 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The <c>iolist_size/1</c> function is now yielding
+ which means that an Erlang/OTP system will be responsive
+ even if the applications running on the system frequently
+ call <c>iolist_size/1</c> with large iolists.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15631</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ A simple test suite for the net module has been added.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15635</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Added the NIF function <c>enif_term_type</c>, which
+ helps avoid long sequences of <c>enif_is_xyz</c> by
+ returning the type of the given term. This is especially
+ helpful for NIFs that serialize terms, such as JSON
+ encoders, where it can improve both performance and
+ readability.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15640</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The last call optimization is now applied to BIFs.
+ When calling a BIF in the tail position of a function,
+ the return address and stack frame will now be discarded
+ before calling the BIF. As a consequence of this change,
+ the immediate caller of a tail-called BIF will no longer
+ be available in stack backtraces.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15674 Aux Id: PR-2177 </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Fix GC bug where distributed messages in a processes
+ mailbox would cause extra GCs. This can be very expensive
+ if there many messages in the mailbox.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15703</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>Internal documentation has now been added to the
+ <em>Erts</em> and <em>Compiler</em> applications.</p>
+ <p>The internal documents for <em>Erts</em> describe
+ miscellaneous interesting implementation details. Those
+ details can change at any time.</p>
+ <p>The internal documentation for <em>Compiler</em>
+ documents the API for the Core Erlang modules. While we
+ will not change those APIs without good reason, we don't
+ give the same guarantees about backward compatibility as
+ for the rest of the APIs in OTP.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15715</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>The performance of non-bignum integer arithmetic has
+ been improved.</p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15740</p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The <c>-remsh</c> option to <c>erl</c> now automatically
+ adds the local systems hostname to the target node if no
+ nodename is given. e.g.</p>
+ <p>
+ <c> erl -name foo -remsh bar </c><br/> <c> erl -sname foo
+ -remsh bar </c></p>
+ <p>
+ Own Id: OTP-15794 Aux Id: PR-2219 </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ </section>
+
+</section>
+
<section><title>Erts 10.3.5</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>