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Diffstat (limited to 'lib/common_test/doc')
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/basics_chapter.xml | 230 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/config_file_chapter.xml | 558 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/cover_chapter.xml | 349 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/ct_hooks_chapter.xml | 679 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/ct_master_chapter.xml | 291 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/dependencies_chapter.xml | 382 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/event_handler_chapter.xml | 384 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/example_chapter.xml | 910 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/getting_started_chapter.xml | 286 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/install_chapter.xml | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/introduction.xml | 75 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/part.xml | 35 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/run_test_chapter.xml | 2230 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/test_structure_chapter.xml | 146 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/why_test_chapter.xml | 43 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/common_test/doc/src/write_test_chapter.xml | 1342 |
16 files changed, 4109 insertions, 3856 deletions
diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/basics_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/basics_chapter.xml index a01e3a9272..1a5a686fa0 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/basics_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/basics_chapter.xml @@ -31,74 +31,74 @@ </header> <marker id="basics"></marker> <section> - <title>Introduction</title> + <title>General</title> - <p>The <em>Common Test</em> framework (CT) is a tool which supports - implementation and automated execution of test cases towards arbitrary - types of target systems. The CT framework is based on the OTP Test - Server and it's the main tool being used in all testing- and verification - activities that are part of Erlang/OTP system development- and maintenance. + <p>The <c>Common Test</c> framework is a tool that supports + implementation and automated execution of test cases to any + types of target systems. <c>Common Test</c> is the main tool being used + in all testing- and verification activities that are part of Erlang/OTP + system development and maintenance. </p> - <p>Test cases can be executed individually or in batches. Common Test - also features a distributed testing mode with central control and logging - (a feature that makes it possible to test multiple systems independently in - one common session, useful e.g. for running automated large-scale regression - tests). + <p>Test cases can be executed individually or in batches. <c>Common Test</c> + also features a distributed testing mode with central control and logging. + With this feature, multiple systems can be tested independently in + one common session. This is useful, for example, when running automated + large-scale regression tests. </p> <p> - The SUT (System Under Test) may consist of one or several target - nodes. CT contains a generic test server which, together with - other test utilities, is used to perform test case execution. - It is possible to start the tests from a GUI or from the OS- or + The System Under Test (SUT) can consist of one or more target + nodes. <c>Common Test</c> contains a generic test server that, + together with other test utilities, is used to perform test case execution. + The tests can be started from a GUI, from the OS shell, or from an Erlang shell. <em>Test suites</em> are files (Erlang modules) that contain the <em>test cases</em> (Erlang functions) to be executed. <em>Support modules</em> provide functions - that the test cases utilize in order to carry out the tests. + that the test cases use to do the tests. </p> - <p>In a black-box testing scenario, CT based test programs connect to - the target system(s) via standard O&M and CLI protocols. CT + <p>In a black-box testing scenario, <c>Common Test</c>-based test programs connect to + the target system(s) through standard O&M and CLI protocols. <c>Common Test</c> provides implementations of, and wrapper interfaces to, some of these - protocols (most of which exist as stand-alone components and + protocols (most of which exist as standalone components and applications in OTP). The wrappers simplify configuration and add - verbosity for logging purposes. CT will be continously extended with - useful support modules. (Note however that it's - a straightforward task to use any arbitrary Erlang/OTP component - for testing purposes with Common Test, without needing a CT wrapper - for it. It's as simple as calling Erlang functions). There - are a number of target independent interfaces supported in CT, such as - Generic Telnet, FTP, etc, which can be specialized or used - directly for controlling instruments, traffic load generators, etc. + verbosity for logging purposes. <c>Common Test</c> is continously extended with + useful support modules. However, notice that it is + a straightforward task to use any Erlang/OTP component + for testing purposes with <c>Common Test</c>, without needing a <c>Common Test</c> + wrapper for it. It is as simple as calling Erlang functions. A number of + target-independent interfaces are supported in <c>Common Test</c>, such as + Generic Telnet and FTP. These can be specialized or used + directly for controlling instruments, traffic load generators, and so on. </p> - <p>Common Test is also a very useful tool for white-box testing Erlang - code (e.g. module testing), since the test programs can call exported Erlang - functions directly and there's very little overhead required for + <p><c>Common Test</c> is also a very useful tool for white-box testing Erlang + code (for example, module testing), as the test programs can call exported Erlang + functions directly. there is very little overhead required for implementing basic test suites and executing simple tests. For black-box - testing Erlang software, Erlang RPC as well as standard O&M interfaces - can for example be used. + testing Erlang software, Erlang RPC and standard O&M interfaces + can be used for example. </p> - <p>A test case can handle several connections towards one or - several target systems, instruments and traffic generators in - parallel in order to perform the necessary actions for a - test. The handling of many connections in parallel is one of - the major strengths of Common Test (thanks to the efficient - support for concurrency in the Erlang runtime system - which CT users - can take great advantage of!). + <p>A test case can handle several connections to one or + more target systems, instruments, and traffic generators in + parallel to perform the necessary actions for a test. + The handling of many connections in parallel is one of + the major strengths of <c>Common Test</c>, thanks to the efficient + support for concurrency in the Erlang runtime system, which <c>Common Test</c> + users can take great advantage of. </p> </section> <section> <title>Test Suite Organisation</title> <p> - The test suites are organized in test directories and each test suite - may have a separate data directory. Typically, these files and directories - are version controlled similarly to other forms of source code (possibly by - means of a version control system like GIT or Subversion). However, CT does - not itself put any requirements on (or has any form of awareness of) + Test suites are organized in test directories and each test suite + can have a separate data directory. Typically, these files and directories + are version-controlled similar to other forms of source code (possibly by + a version control system like GIT or Subversion). However, <c>Common Test</c> + does not itself put any requirements on (or has any awareness of) possible file and directory versions. </p> </section> @@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ Support libraries contain functions that are useful for all test suites, or for test suites in a specific functional area or subsystem. In addition to the general support libraries provided by the - CT framework, and the various libraries and applications provided by - Erlang/OTP, there might also be a need for customized (user specific) + <c>Common Test</c> framework, and the various libraries and applications provided by + Erlang/OTP, there can also be a need for customized (user specific) support libraries. </p> </section> @@ -121,118 +121,122 @@ Testing is performed by running test suites (sets of test cases) or individual test cases. A test suite is implemented as an Erlang module named <c><![CDATA[<suite_name>_SUITE.erl]]></c> which contains a number of test cases. - A test case is an Erlang function which tests one or more things. - The test case is the smallest unit that the CT test server deals with. + A test case is an Erlang function that tests one or more things. + The test case is the smallest unit that the <c>Common Test</c> test server deals with. </p> <p> - Subsets of test cases, called test case groups, may also be defined. A test case + Subsets of test cases, called test case groups, can also be defined. A test case group can have execution properties associated with it. Execution properties - specify whether the test cases in the group should be executed in - random order, in parallel, in sequence, and if the execution of the group - should be repeated. Test case groups may also be nested (i.e. a group may, - besides test cases, contain sub-groups). + specify if the test cases in the group are to be executed in + random order, in parallel, or in sequence, and if the execution of the group + is to be repeated. Test case groups can also be nested (that is, a group can, + besides test cases, contain subgroups). </p> <p> - Besides test cases and groups, the test suite may also contain configuration + Besides test cases and groups, the test suite can also contain configuration functions. These functions are meant to be used for setting up (and verifying) - environment and state on the SUT (and/or the CT host node), required for - the tests to execute correctly. Examples of operations: Opening a connection - to the SUT, initializing a database, running an installation script, etc. - Configuration may be performed per suite, per test case group and per - individual test case. + environment and state in the SUT (and/or the <c>Common Test</c> host node), + required for the tests to execute correctly. Examples of operations are: + Opening a connection to the SUT, initializing a database, running an installation + script, and so on. Configuration can be performed per suite, per test case group, + and per individual test case. </p> <p> The test suite module must conform to a <seealso marker="common_test">callback interface</seealso> - specified by the CT test server. See the - <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#intro">Writing Test Suites</seealso> chapter - for more information. + specified by the <c>Common Test</c> test server. For details, see section + <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#intro">Writing Test Suites</seealso>. </p> <p> A test case is considered successful if it returns to the caller, no matter - what the returned value is. A few return values have special meaning however - (such as <c>{skip,Reason}</c> which indicates that the test case is skipped, - <c>{comment,Comment}</c> which prints a comment in the log for the test case and - <c>{save_config,Config}</c> which makes the CT test server pass <c>Config</c> to - the next test case). + what the returned value is. However, a few return values have special meaning + as follows:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item><c>{skip,Reason}</c> indicates that the test case is skipped.</item> + <item><c>{comment,Comment}</c> prints a comment in the log for the test case.</item> + <item><c>{save_config,Config}</c> makes the <c>Common Test</c> test server pass + <c>Config</c> to the next test case.</item> + </list> + <p> A test case failure is specified as a runtime error (a crash), no matter what the reason for termination is. If you use Erlang pattern matching effectively, - you can take advantage of this property. The result will be concise and + you can take advantage of this property. The result is concise and readable test case functions that look much more like scripts than actual programs. - Simple example: + A simple example: </p> <pre> - session(_Config) -> - {started,ServerId} = my_server:start(), - {clients,[]} = my_server:get_clients(ServerId), - MyId = self(), - connected = my_server:connect(ServerId, MyId), - {clients,[MyId]} = my_server:get_clients(ServerId), - disconnected = my_server:disconnect(ServerId, MyId), - {clients,[]} = my_server:get_clients(ServerId), - stopped = my_server:stop(ServerId). - </pre> + session(_Config) -> + {started,ServerId} = my_server:start(), + {clients,[]} = my_server:get_clients(ServerId), + MyId = self(), + connected = my_server:connect(ServerId, MyId), + {clients,[MyId]} = my_server:get_clients(ServerId), + disconnected = my_server:disconnect(ServerId, MyId), + {clients,[]} = my_server:get_clients(ServerId), + stopped = my_server:stop(ServerId).</pre> <p> As a test suite runs, all information (including output to <c>stdout</c>) is - recorded in several different log files. A minimum of information is displayed + recorded in many different log files. A minimum of information is displayed in the user console (only start and stop information, plus a note for each failed test case). </p> <p> The result from each test case is recorded in a dedicated HTML log file, created for the particular test run. An overview page displays each test case represented - by row in a table showing total execution time, whether the case was successful, - failed or skipped, plus an optional user comment. (For a failed test case, the - reason for termination is also printed in the comment field). The overview page + by a table row showing total execution time, if the case was successful, + failed, or skipped, plus an optional user comment. For a failed test case, the + reason for termination is also printed in the comment field. The overview page has a link to each test case log file, providing simple navigation with any standard HTML browser. </p> </section> <section> +<marker id="External_Interfaces"></marker> <title>External Interfaces</title> <p> - The CT test server requires that the test suite defines and exports the + The <c>Common Test</c> test server requires that the test suite defines and exports the following mandatory or optional callback functions: </p> <taglist> - <tag>all()</tag> - <item>Returns a list of all test cases and groups in the suite. (Mandatory)</item> - <tag>suite()</tag> - <item>Info function used to return properties for the suite. (Optional)</item> - <tag>groups()</tag> - <item>For declaring test case groups. (Optional)</item> - <tag>init_per_suite(Config)</tag> - <item>Suite level configuration function, executed before the first - test case. (Optional)</item> - <tag>end_per_suite(Config)</tag> - <item>Suite level configuration function, executed after the last - test case. (Optional)</item> - <tag>group(GroupName)</tag> - <item>Info function used to return properties for a test case group. (Optional)</item> - <tag>init_per_group(GroupName, Config)</tag> - <item>Configuration function for a group, executed before the first - test case. (Optional)</item> - <tag>end_per_group(GroupName, Config)</tag> - <item>Configuration function for a group, executed after the last - test case. (Optional)</item> - <tag>init_per_testcase(TestCase, Config)</tag> - <item>Configuration function for a testcase, executed before each - test case. (Optional)</item> - <tag>end_per_testcase(TestCase, Config)</tag> - <item>Configuration function for a testcase, executed after each - test case. (Optional)</item> + <tag><c>all()</c></tag> + <item><p>Returns a list of all test cases and groups in the suite. (Mandatory)</p></item> + <tag><c>suite()</c></tag> + <item><p>Information function used to return properties for the suite. (Optional)</p></item> + <tag><c>groups()</c></tag> + <item><p>For declaring test case groups. (Optional)</p></item> + <tag><c>init_per_suite(Config)</c></tag> + <item><p>Suite level configuration function, executed before the first + test case. (Optional)</p></item> + <tag><c>end_per_suite(Config)</c></tag> + <item><p>Suite level configuration function, executed after the last + test case. (Optional)</p></item> + <tag><c>group(GroupName)</c></tag> + <item><p>Information function used to return properties for a test case group. (Optional)</p></item> + <tag><c>init_per_group(GroupName, Config)</c></tag> + <item><p>Configuration function for a group, executed before the first + test case. (Optional)</p></item> + <tag><c>end_per_group(GroupName, Config)</c></tag> + <item><p>Configuration function for a group, executed after the last + test case. (Optional)</p></item> + <tag><c>init_per_testcase(TestCase, Config)</c></tag> + <item><p>Configuration function for a testcase, executed before each + test case. (Optional)</p></item> + <tag><c>end_per_testcase(TestCase, Config)</c></tag> + <item><p>Configuration function for a testcase, executed after each + test case. (Optional)</p></item> </taglist> <p> - For each test case the CT test server expects these functions: + For each test case, the <c>Common Test</c> test server expects the + following functions: </p> <taglist> <tag>Testcasename()</tag> - <item>Info function that returns a list of test case properties. (Optional)</item> + <item><p>Information function that returns a list of test case properties. (Optional)</p></item> <tag>Testcasename(Config)</tag> - <item>The actual test case function.</item> + <item><p>The test case function.</p></item> </taglist> </section> </chapter> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/config_file_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/config_file_chapter.xml index c7fd6e0b28..62ebfccb98 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/config_file_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/config_file_chapter.xml @@ -35,18 +35,18 @@ <section> <title>General</title> - <p>To avoid hard coding data values related to the test and/or SUT (System - Under Test) in the test suites, the data may instead be specified by means - of configuration files or strings that Common Test reads before + <p>To avoid hard-coding data values related to the test and/or System + Under Test (SUT) in the test suites, the data can instead be specified through + configuration files or strings that <c>Common Test</c> reads before the start of a test run. External configuration data makes it possible to - change test properties without having to modify the actual test suites - using the data. Examples of configuration data:</p> + change test properties without modifying the test suites + using the data. Examples of configuration data follows:</p> - <list> + <list type="bulleted"> <item>Addresses to the test plant or other instruments</item> <item>User login information</item> <item>Names of files needed by the test</item> - <item>Names of programs that should be executed during the test</item> + <item>Names of programs to be executed during the test</item> <item>Any other variable needed by the test</item> </list> @@ -57,154 +57,150 @@ <p>A configuration file can contain any number of elements of the type:</p> <pre> - {CfgVarName,Value}.</pre> + {CfgVarName,Value}.</pre> <p>where</p> <pre> - CfgVarName = atom() - Value = term() | [{CfgVarName,Value}]</pre> + CfgVarName = atom() + Value = term() | [{CfgVarName,Value}]</pre> </section> <section> - <title>Requiring and reading configuration data</title> + <title>Requiring and Reading Configuration Data</title> <marker id="require_config_data"></marker> <p>In a test suite, one must <em>require</em> that a configuration - variable (<c>CfgVarName</c> in the definition above) exists before - attempting to read the associated value in a test case or config function.</p> - - <p><c>require</c> is an assert statement that can be part of the <seealso - marker="write_test_chapter#suite">test suite info function</seealso> or - <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#info_function">test case info - function</seealso>. If the required variable is not available, the - test is skipped (unless a default value has been specified, see the - <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#info_function">test case info - function</seealso> chapter for details). There is also a function - <seealso marker="ct#require-1"><c>ct:require/1/2</c></seealso> which can be called from a test case - in order to check if a specific variable is available. The return + variable (<c>CfgVarName</c> in the previous definition) exists before + attempting to read the associated value in a test case or configuration function.</p> + + <p><c>require</c> is an assert statement, which can be part of the <seealso + marker="write_test_chapter#suite">Test Suite Information Function</seealso> or + <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#info_function">Test Case Information + Function</seealso>. If the required variable is unavailable, the + test is skipped (unless a default value has been specified, see section + <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#info_function">Test Case Information + Function</seealso> for details). Also, function + <seealso marker="ct#require-1"><c>ct:require/1/2</c></seealso> can be called + from a test case to check if a specific variable is available. The return value from this function must be checked explicitly and appropriate - action be taken depending on the result (e.g. to skip the test case - if the variable in question doesn't exist).</p> + action be taken depending on the result (for example, to skip the test case + if the variable in question does not exist).</p> - <p>A <c>require</c> statement in the test suite info- or test case - info-list should look like this: + <p>A <c>require</c> statement in the test suite information case or test case + information-list is to look like <c>{require,CfgVarName}</c> or <c>{require,AliasName,CfgVarName}</c>. The arguments <c>AliasName</c> and <c>CfgVarName</c> are the same as the - arguments to <seealso marker="ct#require-1"><c>ct:require/1/2</c></seealso> which are described in the - reference manual for <seealso marker="ct">ct</seealso>. + arguments to <seealso marker="ct#require-1"><c>ct:require/1,2</c></seealso>. <c>AliasName</c> becomes an alias for the configuration variable, and can be used as reference to the configuration data value. - The configuration variable may be associated with an - arbitrary number of alias names, but each name must be unique within - the same test suite. There are two main uses for alias names:</p> - <list> - <item>They may be introduced to identify connections (see below).</item> - <item>They may used to help adapt configuration data to a test suite + The configuration variable can be associated with any + number of alias names, but each name must be unique within + the same test suite. The two main uses for alias names follows:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item>To identify connections (described later).</item> + <item>To help adapt configuration data to a test suite (or test case) and improve readability.</item> </list> - <p>To read the value of a config variable, use the function - <seealso marker="ct#get_config-1"><c>get_config/1/2/3</c></seealso> - which is also described in the reference - manual for <seealso marker="ct">ct</seealso>.</p> - <p>Example:</p> + <p>To read the value of a configuration variable, use function + <seealso marker="ct#get_config-1"><c>get_config/1,2,3</c></seealso>. + </p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <pre> - suite() -> - [{require, domain, 'CONN_SPEC_DNS_SUFFIX'}]. + suite() -> + [{require, domain, 'CONN_SPEC_DNS_SUFFIX'}]. - ... - - testcase(Config) -> - Domain = ct:get_config(domain), - ...</pre> + ... + + testcase(Config) -> + Domain = ct:get_config(domain), + ...</pre> </section> <section> - <title>Using configuration variables defined in multiple files</title> + <title>Using Configuration Variables Defined in Multiple Files</title> <p>If a configuration variable is defined in multiple files and you - want to access all possible values, you may use the <seealso marker="ct#get_config-3"><c>ct:get_config/3</c></seealso> - function and specify <c>all</c> in the options list. The values will then - be returned in a list and the order of the elements corresponds to the order - that the config files were specified at startup. Please see - the <seealso marker="ct">ct</seealso> reference manual for details.</p> + want to access all possible values, use function + <seealso marker="ct#get_config-3"><c>ct:get_config/3</c></seealso> + and specify <c>all</c> in the options list. The values are then + returned in a list and the order of the elements corresponds to the order + that the configuration files were specified at startup.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Encrypted configuration files</title> + <title>Encrypted Configuration Files</title> <marker id="encrypted_config_files"></marker> - <p>It is possible to encrypt configuration files containing sensitive data - if these files must be stored in open and shared directories.</p> - <p>Call <seealso marker="ct#encrypt_config_file-2"><c>ct:encrypt_config_file/2/3</c></seealso> to have Common Test encrypt a - specified file using the DES3 function in the OTP <c>crypto</c> application. - The encrypted file can then be used as a regular configuration file, - in combination with other encrypted files or normal text files. The key - for decrypting the configuration file must be provided when running the test, - however. This can be done by means of the <c>decrypt_key</c> or - <c>decrypt_file</c> flag/option, or a key file in a predefined location.</p> + <p>Configuration files containing sensitive data can be encrypted + if they must be stored in open and shared directories.</p> + <p>To have <c>Common Test</c> encrypt a + specified file using function <c>DES3</c> in application <c>Crypto</c>, + call <seealso marker="ct#encrypt_config_file-2"><c>ct:encrypt_config_file/2,3</c></seealso> + The encrypted file can then be used as a regular configuration file + in combination with other encrypted files or normal text files. However, the + key for decrypting the configuration file must be provided when running the test. + This can be done with flag/option <c>decrypt_key</c> or + <c>decrypt_file</c>, or a key file in a predefined location.</p> - <p>Common Test also provides decryption functions, - <seealso marker="ct#decrypt_config_file-2"><c>ct:decrypt_config_file/2/3</c></seealso>, for recreating the original text - files.</p> - - <p>Please see the <seealso marker="ct">ct</seealso> reference manual for - more information.</p> + <p><c>Common Test</c> also provides decryption functions, + <seealso marker="ct#decrypt_config_file-2"><c>ct:decrypt_config_file/2,3</c></seealso>, + for recreating the original text files.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Opening connections by using configuration data</title> - <p>There are two different methods for opening a connection - by means of the support functions in e.g. <seealso marker="ct_ssh"><c>ct_ssh</c></seealso>, <seealso marker="ct_ftp"><c>ct_ftp</c></seealso>, - and <seealso marker="ct_telnet"><c>ct_telnet</c></seealso>:</p> - <list> + <title>Opening Connections Using Configuration Data</title> + <p>Two different methods for opening a connection using the support functions + in, for example, <seealso marker="ct_ssh"><c>ct_ssh</c></seealso>, + <seealso marker="ct_ftp"><c>ct_ftp</c></seealso>, and + <seealso marker="ct_telnet"><c>ct_telnet</c></seealso> follows:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> <item>Using a configuration target name (an alias) as reference.</item> <item>Using the configuration variable as reference.</item> </list> <p>When a target name is used for referencing the configuration data - (that specifies the connection to be opened), the same name may be used + (that specifies the connection to be opened), the same name can be used as connection identity in all subsequent calls related to the connection - (also for closing it). It's only possible to have one open connection - per target name. If attempting to open a new connection using a name - already associated with an open connection, Common Test will - return the already existing handle so that the previously opened connection - will be used. This is a practical feature since it makes it possible to + (also for closing it). Only one open connection per target name + is possible. If you attempt to open a new connection using a name + already associated with an open connection, <c>Common Test</c> + returns the already existing handle so the previously opened connection + is used. This feature makes it possible to call the function for opening a particular connection whenever - useful. An action like this will not necessarily open any new - connections unless it's required (which could be the case if e.g. the - previous connection has been closed unexpectedly by the server). - Another benefit of using named connections is that it's not - necessary to pass handle references around in the suite for these - connections. + useful. An action like this does not necessarily open any new + connections unless it is required (which could be the case if, for example, + the previous connection has been closed unexpectedly by the server). + Using named connections also removes the need to pass handle references + around in the suite for these connections. </p> <p>When a configuration variable name is used as reference to the data specifying the connection, the handle returned as a result of opening the connection must be used in all subsequent calls (also for closing the connection). Repeated calls to the open function with the same - variable name as reference will result in multiple connections - being opened. This can be useful e.g. if a test case needs to open + variable name as reference results in multiple connections being opened. + This can be useful, for example, if a test case needs to open multiple connections to the same server on the target node (using the same configuration data for each connection). </p> </section> <section> - <title>User specific configuration data formats</title> + <title>User-Specific Configuration Data Formats</title> - <p>It is possible for the user to specify configuration data on a + <p>The user can specify configuration data on a different format than key-value tuples in a text file, as described - so far. The data can e.g. be read from arbitrary files, fetched from - the web over http, or requested from a user specific process. - To support this, Common Test provides a callback module plugin + so far. The data can, for example, be read from any files, fetched from + the web over HTTP, or requested from a user-specific process. + To support this, <c>Common Test</c> provides a callback module plugin mechanism to handle configuration data.</p> <section> - <title>Default callback modules for handling configuration data</title> - <p>The Common Test application includes default callback modules - for handling configuration data specified in standard config files - (see above) and in xml files:</p> - <list> + <title>Default Callback Modules for Handling Configuration Data</title> + <p><c>Common Test</c> includes default callback modules + for handling configuration data specified in standard configuration files + (described earlier) and in XML files as follows:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> <item> <c>ct_config_plain</c> - for reading configuration files with - key-value tuples (standard format). This handler will be used to + key-value tuples (standard format). This handler is used to parse configuration files if no user callback is specified. </item> <item> @@ -215,59 +211,59 @@ </section> <section> - <title>Using XML configuration files</title> - <p>This is an example of an XML configuration file:</p> - <pre><![CDATA[ -<config> + <title>Using XML Configuration Files</title> + <p>An example of an XML configuration file follows:</p> + <pre> + <![CDATA[ + <config> <ftp_host> <ftp>"targethost"</ftp> <username>"tester"</username> <password>"letmein"</password> </ftp_host> <lm_directory>"/test/loadmodules"</lm_directory> -</config>]]></pre> + </config>]]></pre> - <p>This configuration file, once read, will produce the same configuration + <p>Once read, this file produces the same configuration variables as the following text file:</p> <pre> -{ftp_host, [{ftp,"targethost"}, - {username,"tester"}, - {password,"letmein"}]}. + {ftp_host, [{ftp,"targethost"}, + {username,"tester"}, + {password,"letmein"}]}. -{lm_directory, "/test/loadmodules"}.</pre> + {lm_directory, "/test/loadmodules"}.</pre> </section> <section> - <title>How to implement a user specific handler</title> + <title>Implement a User-Specific Handler</title> - <p>The user specific handler can be written to handle special + <p>The user-specific handler can be written to handle special configuration file formats. The parameter can be either file - name(s) or configuration string(s) (the empty list is valid).</p> + names or configuration strings (the empty list is valid).</p> <p>The callback module implementing the handler is responsible for - checking correctness of configuration strings.</p> + checking the correctness of configuration strings.</p> - <p>To perform validation of the configuration strings, the callback module - should have the following function exported:</p> + <p>To validate the configuration strings, the callback module + is to have function <c>Callback:check_parameter/1</c> exported.</p> - <p><c>Callback:check_parameter/1</c></p> - <p>The input argument will be passed from Common Test, as defined in the test - specification or given as an option to <c>ct_run</c> or <c>ct:run_test</c>.</p> + <p>The input argument is passed from <c>Common Test</c>, as defined in the test + specification, or specified as an option to <c>ct_run</c> or <c>ct:run_test</c>.</p> - <p>The return value should be any of the following values indicating if given + <p>The return value is to be any of the following values, indicating if the specified configuration parameter is valid:</p> - <list> + <list type="bulleted"> <item> - <c>{ok, {file, FileName}}</c> - parameter is a file name and - the file exists, + <c>{ok, {file, FileName}}</c> - the parameter is a file name and + the file exists. </item> <item> - <c>{ok, {config, ConfigString}}</c> - parameter is a config string - and it is correct, + <c>{ok, {config, ConfigString}}</c> - the parameter is a configuration string + and it is correct. </item> <item> - <c>{error, {nofile, FileName}}</c> - there is no file with the given - name in the current directory, + <c>{error, {nofile, FileName}}</c> - there is no file with the specified + name in the current directory. </item> <item> <c>{error, {wrong_config, ConfigString}}</c> - the configuration string @@ -275,196 +271,196 @@ </item> </list> - <p>To perform reading of configuration data - initially before the tests - start, or as a result of data being reloaded during test execution - - the following function should be exported from the callback module:</p> - - <p><c>Callback:read_config/1</c></p> + <p>The function <c>Callback:read_config/1</c> is to be exported from the + callback module to read configuration data, initially before the tests + start, or as a result of data being reloaded during test execution. + The input argument is the same as for function <c>check_parameter/1</c>.</p> - <p>The input argument is the same as for the <c>check_parameter/1</c> function.</p> - <p>The return value should be either:</p> + <p>The return value is to be either of the following:</p> - <list> + <list type="bulleted"> <item> - <c>{ok, Config}</c> - if the configuration variables are read successfully, + <c>{ok, Config}</c> - if the configuration variables are read successfully. </item> <item> <c>{error, {Error, ErrorDetails}}</c> - if the callback module fails to - proceed with the given configuration parameters. + proceed with the specified configuration parameters. </item> </list> <p><c>Config</c> is the proper Erlang key-value list, with possible - key-value sublists as values, like for the configuration file - example above:</p> + key-value sublists as values, like the earlier configuration file + example:</p> <pre> - [{ftp_host, [{ftp, "targethost"}, {username, "tester"}, {password, "letmein"}]}, - {lm_directory, "/test/loadmodules"}]</pre> + [{ftp_host, [{ftp, "targethost"}, {username, "tester"}, {password, "letmein"}]}, + {lm_directory, "/test/loadmodules"}]</pre> </section> </section> <section> - <title>Examples of configuration data handling</title> + <title>Examples of Configuration Data Handling</title> - <p>A config file for using the FTP client to access files on a remote - host could look like this:</p> + <p>A configuration file for using the FTP client to access files on a remote + host can look as follows:</p> <pre> - {ftp_host, [{ftp,"targethost"}, - {username,"tester"}, - {password,"letmein"}]}. + {ftp_host, [{ftp,"targethost"}, + {username,"tester"}, + {password,"letmein"}]}. - {lm_directory, "/test/loadmodules"}.</pre> + {lm_directory, "/test/loadmodules"}.</pre> - <p>The XML version shown in the chapter above can also be used, but it should be + <p>The XML version shown earlier can also be used, but it is to be explicitly specified that the <c>ct_config_xml</c> callback module is to be - used by Common Test.</p> + used by <c>Common Test</c>.</p> - <p>Example of how to assert that the configuration data is available and - use it for an FTP session:</p> + <p>The following is an example of how to assert that the configuration data is available + and can be used for an FTP session:</p> <pre> - init_per_testcase(ftptest, Config) -> - {ok,_} = ct_ftp:open(ftp), - Config. - - end_per_testcase(ftptest, _Config) -> - ct_ftp:close(ftp). - - ftptest() -> - [{require,ftp,ftp_host}, - {require,lm_directory}]. - - ftptest(Config) -> - Remote = filename:join(ct:get_config(lm_directory), "loadmodX"), - Local = filename:join(?config(priv_dir,Config), "loadmodule"), - ok = ct_ftp:recv(ftp, Remote, Local), - ...</pre> + init_per_testcase(ftptest, Config) -> + {ok,_} = ct_ftp:open(ftp), + Config. + + end_per_testcase(ftptest, _Config) -> + ct_ftp:close(ftp). + + ftptest() -> + [{require,ftp,ftp_host}, + {require,lm_directory}]. + + ftptest(Config) -> + Remote = filename:join(ct:get_config(lm_directory), "loadmodX"), + Local = filename:join(?config(priv_dir,Config), "loadmodule"), + ok = ct_ftp:recv(ftp, Remote, Local), + ...</pre> - <p>An example of how the above functions could be rewritten - if necessary to open multiple connections to the FTP server:</p> + <p>The following is an example of how the functions in the previous example + can be rewritten if it is necessary to open multiple connections to the + FTP server:</p> <pre> - init_per_testcase(ftptest, Config) -> - {ok,Handle1} = ct_ftp:open(ftp_host), - {ok,Handle2} = ct_ftp:open(ftp_host), - [{ftp_handles,[Handle1,Handle2]} | Config]. - - end_per_testcase(ftptest, Config) -> - lists:foreach(fun(Handle) -> ct_ftp:close(Handle) end, - ?config(ftp_handles,Config)). - - ftptest() -> - [{require,ftp_host}, - {require,lm_directory}]. - - ftptest(Config) -> - Remote = filename:join(ct:get_config(lm_directory), "loadmodX"), - Local = filename:join(?config(priv_dir,Config), "loadmodule"), - [Handle | MoreHandles] = ?config(ftp_handles,Config), - ok = ct_ftp:recv(Handle, Remote, Local), - ...</pre> + init_per_testcase(ftptest, Config) -> + {ok,Handle1} = ct_ftp:open(ftp_host), + {ok,Handle2} = ct_ftp:open(ftp_host), + [{ftp_handles,[Handle1,Handle2]} | Config]. + + end_per_testcase(ftptest, Config) -> + lists:foreach(fun(Handle) -> ct_ftp:close(Handle) end, + ?config(ftp_handles,Config)). + + ftptest() -> + [{require,ftp_host}, + {require,lm_directory}]. + + ftptest(Config) -> + Remote = filename:join(ct:get_config(lm_directory), "loadmodX"), + Local = filename:join(?config(priv_dir,Config), "loadmodule"), + [Handle | MoreHandles] = ?config(ftp_handles,Config), + ok = ct_ftp:recv(Handle, Remote, Local), + ...</pre> </section> <section> - <title>Example of user specific configuration handler</title> - <p>A simple configuration handling driver which will ask an external server for - configuration data can be implemented this way:</p> + <title>Example of User-Specific Configuration Handler</title> + <p>A simple configuration handling driver, asking an external server for + configuration data, can be implemented as follows:</p> <pre> --module(config_driver). --export([read_config/1, check_parameter/1]). - -read_config(ServerName)-> - ServerModule = list_to_atom(ServerName), - ServerModule:start(), - ServerModule:get_config(). - -check_parameter(ServerName)-> - ServerModule = list_to_atom(ServerName), - case code:is_loaded(ServerModule) of - {file, _}-> - {ok, {config, ServerName}}; - false-> - case code:load_file(ServerModule) of - {module, ServerModule}-> - {ok, {config, ServerName}}; - {error, nofile}-> - {error, {wrong_config, "File not found: " ++ ServerName ++ ".beam"}} - end - end.</pre> - - <p>The configuration string for this driver may be "config_server", if the - config_server.erl module below is compiled and exists in the code path + -module(config_driver). + -export([read_config/1, check_parameter/1]). + + read_config(ServerName)-> + ServerModule = list_to_atom(ServerName), + ServerModule:start(), + ServerModule:get_config(). + + check_parameter(ServerName)-> + ServerModule = list_to_atom(ServerName), + case code:is_loaded(ServerModule) of + {file, _}-> + {ok, {config, ServerName}}; + false-> + case code:load_file(ServerModule) of + {module, ServerModule}-> + {ok, {config, ServerName}}; + {error, nofile}-> + {error, {wrong_config, "File not found: " ++ ServerName ++ ".beam"}} + end + end.</pre> + + <p>The configuration string for this driver can be <c>config_server</c>, if the + <c>config_server.erl</c> module that follows is compiled and exists in the code path during test execution:</p> <pre> --module(config_server). --export([start/0, stop/0, init/1, get_config/0, loop/0]). - --define(REGISTERED_NAME, ct_test_config_server). - -start()-> - case whereis(?REGISTERED_NAME) of - undefined-> - spawn(?MODULE, init, [?REGISTERED_NAME]), - wait(); - _Pid-> - ok - end, - ?REGISTERED_NAME. - -init(Name)-> - register(Name, self()), - loop(). - -get_config()-> - call(self(), get_config). - -stop()-> - call(self(), stop). - -call(Client, Request)-> - case whereis(?REGISTERED_NAME) of - undefined-> - {error, {not_started, Request}}; - Pid-> - Pid ! {Client, Request}, - receive - Reply-> - {ok, Reply} - after 4000-> - {error, {timeout, Request}} - end - end. - -loop()-> - receive - {Pid, stop}-> - Pid ! ok; - {Pid, get_config}-> - {D,T} = erlang:localtime(), - Pid ! - [{localtime, [{date, D}, {time, T}]}, - {node, erlang:node()}, - {now, erlang:now()}, - {config_server_pid, self()}, - {config_server_vsn, ?vsn}], - ?MODULE:loop() - end. - -wait()-> - case whereis(?REGISTERED_NAME) of - undefined-> - wait(); - _Pid-> - ok - end.</pre> - - <p>In this example, the handler also provides the ability to dynamically reload - configuration variables. If <c>ct:reload_config(localtime)</c> is called from + -module(config_server). + -export([start/0, stop/0, init/1, get_config/0, loop/0]). + + -define(REGISTERED_NAME, ct_test_config_server). + + start()-> + case whereis(?REGISTERED_NAME) of + undefined-> + spawn(?MODULE, init, [?REGISTERED_NAME]), + wait(); + _Pid-> + ok + end, + ?REGISTERED_NAME. + + init(Name)-> + register(Name, self()), + loop(). + + get_config()-> + call(self(), get_config). + + stop()-> + call(self(), stop). + + call(Client, Request)-> + case whereis(?REGISTERED_NAME) of + undefined-> + {error, {not_started, Request}}; + Pid-> + Pid ! {Client, Request}, + receive + Reply-> + {ok, Reply} + after 4000-> + {error, {timeout, Request}} + end + end. + + loop()-> + receive + {Pid, stop}-> + Pid ! ok; + {Pid, get_config}-> + {D,T} = erlang:localtime(), + Pid ! + [{localtime, [{date, D}, {time, T}]}, + {node, erlang:node()}, + {now, erlang:now()}, + {config_server_pid, self()}, + {config_server_vsn, ?vsn}], + ?MODULE:loop() + end. + + wait()-> + case whereis(?REGISTERED_NAME) of + undefined-> + wait(); + _Pid-> + ok + end.</pre> + + <p>Here, the handler also provides for dynamically reloading of + configuration variables. If + <seealso marker="ct#reload_config-1"><c>ct:reload_config(localtime)</c></seealso> is called from the test case function, all variables loaded with <c>config_driver:read_config/1</c> - will be updated with their latest values, and the new value for variable - <c>localtime</c> will be returned.</p> + are updated with their latest values, and the new value for variable + <c>localtime</c> is returned.</p> </section> </chapter> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/cover_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/cover_chapter.xml index f164fff0ad..094aa7d80c 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/cover_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/cover_chapter.xml @@ -33,256 +33,251 @@ <section> <marker id="cover"></marker> <title>General</title> - <p>Although Common Test was created primarly for the purpose of - black box testing, nothing prevents it from working perfectly as - a white box testing tool as well. This is especially true when + <p>Although <c>Common Test</c> was created primarily for + black-box testing, nothing prevents it from working perfectly as + a white-box testing tool as well. This is especially true when the application to test is written in Erlang. Then the test - ports are easily realized by means of Erlang function calls.</p> + ports are easily realized with Erlang function calls.</p> - <p>When white box testing an Erlang application, it is useful to - be able to measure the code coverage of the test. Common Test + <p>When white-box testing an Erlang application, it is useful to + be able to measure the code coverage of the test. <c>Common Test</c> provides simple access to the OTP Cover tool for this - purpose. Common Test handles all necessary communication with - the Cover tool (starting, compiling, analysing, etc). All the - Common Test user needs to do is to specify the extent of the + purpose. <c>Common Test</c> handles all necessary communication with + the Cover tool (starting, compiling, analysing, and so on). + The <c>Common Test</c> user only needs to specify the extent of the code coverage analysis.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Usage</title> - <p>To specify what modules should be included - in the code coverage test, you provide a cover specification - file. Using this file you can point out specific modules or - specify directories that contain modules which should all be - included in the analysis. You can also, in the same fashion, - specify modules that should be excluded from the analysis.</p> + <title>Use</title> + <p>To specify the modules to be included in the code coverage test, + provide a cover specification file. With this file you can point + out specific modules or specify directories containing modules to be + included in the analysis. You can also specify modules to be excluded + from the analysis.</p> <p>If you are testing a distributed Erlang application, it is likely that code you want included in the code coverage analysis - gets executed on an Erlang node other than the one Common Test - is running on. If this is the case you need to specify these - other nodes in the cover specification file or add them - dynamically to the code coverage set of nodes. See the - <c>ct_cover</c> page in the reference manual for details on the - latter.</p> + gets executed on another Erlang node than the one <c>Common Test</c> + is running on. If so, you must specify these other nodes in the + cover specification file or add them dynamically to the code coverage + set of nodes. For details on the latter, see module + <seealso marker="ct_cover"><c>ct_cover</c></seealso>.</p> <p>In the cover specification file you can also specify your required level of the code coverage analysis; <c>details</c> or <c>overview</c>. In detailed mode, you get a coverage overview - page, showing you per module and total coverage percentages, as - well as one HTML file printed for each module included in the - analysis that shows exactly what parts of the code have been + page, showing per module and total coverage percentages. + You also get an HTML file printed for each module included in the + analysis showing exactly what parts of the code have been executed during the test. In overview mode, only the code - coverage overview page gets printed.</p> + coverage overview page is printed.</p> <p>You can choose to export and import code coverage data between tests. If you specify the name of an export file in the cover - specification file, Common Test will export collected coverage - data to this file at the end of the test. You may similarly - specify that previously exported data should be imported and - included in the analysis for a test (you can specify multiple - import files). This way it is possible to analyse total code coverage - without necessarily running all tests at once.</p> - - <p>To activate the code coverage support, you simply specify the - name of the cover specification file as you start Common Test. - This you do either by using the <c>-cover</c> flag with <c>ct_run</c>. - Example:</p> - - <p><c>$ ct_run -dir $TESTOBJS/db -cover $TESTOBJS/db/config/db.coverspec</c></p> + specification file, <c>Common Test</c> exports collected coverage + data to this file at the end of the test. You can similarly + specify previously exported data to be imported and + included in the analysis for a test (multiple import files can be specified). + This way, the total code coverage can be analyzed without necessarily + running all tests at once.</p> + + <p>To activate the code coverage support, specify the name of the cover + specification file as you start <c>Common Test</c>. + Do this by using flag <c>-cover</c> with + <seealso marker="ct_run"><c>ct_run</c></seealso>, + for example:</p> + <pre> + $ ct_run -dir $TESTOBJS/db -cover $TESTOBJS/db/config/db.coverspec</pre> - <p>You may also pass the cover specification file name in a - call to <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>, by adding a <c>{cover,CoverSpec}</c> - tuple to the <c>Opts</c> argument. Also, you can of course - enable code coverage in your test specifications (read - more in the chapter about - <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">using test - specifications</seealso>).</p> + <p>You can also pass the cover specification file name in a + call to <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>, + by adding a <c>{cover,CoverSpec}</c> tuple to argument <c>Opts</c>.</p> + <p>You can also enable code coverage in your test specifications (see section + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Test Specifications</seealso> + in section Running Tests and Analyzing Results).</p> </section> <section> <marker id="cover_stop"></marker> - <title>Stopping the cover tool when tests are completed</title> - <p>By default the Cover tool is automatically stopped when the - tests are completed. This causes the original (non cover - compiled) modules to be loaded back in to the test node. If a - process at this point is still running old code of any of the + <title>Stopping the Cover Tool When Tests Are Completed</title> + <p>By default, the Cover tool is automatically stopped when the + tests are completed. This causes the original (non-cover + compiled) modules to be loaded back into the test node. If a + process at this point still runs old code of any of the modules that are cover compiled, meaning that it has not done any fully qualified function call after the cover compilation, - the process will now be killed. To avoid this it is possible to - set the value of the <c>cover_stop</c> option to - <c>false</c>. This means that the modules will stay cover - compiled, and it is therefore only recommended if the erlang - node(s) under test is terminated after the test is completed - or if cover can be manually stopped.</p> - - <p>The option can be set by using the <c>-cover_stop</c> flag with - <c>ct_run</c>, by adding <c>{cover_stop,true|false}</c> to the - Opts argument to <seealso - marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>, or by adding - a <c>cover_stop</c> term in your test specification (see chapter - about <seealso - marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">test - specifications</seealso>).</p> + the process is killed. To avoid this, set the value of option + <c>cover_stop</c> to <c>false</c>. This means that the + modules stay cover compiled. Therefore, this is only recommended + if the Erlang nodes under test are terminated after the test is + completed, or if cover can be manually stopped.</p> + + <p>The option can be set by using flag <c>-cover_stop</c> with + <c>ct_run</c>, by adding <c>{cover_stop,true|false}</c> to argument + <c>Opts</c> to + <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>, + or by adding a <c>cover_stop</c> term in the test specification (see section + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Test Specifications</seealso> + in section Running Tests and Analyzing Results).</p> </section> <section> - <title>The cover specification file</title> - <p>These are the terms allowed in a cover specification file:</p> + <title>The Cover Specification File</title> + <p>The following terms are allowed in a cover specification file:</p> <pre> - %% List of Nodes on which cover will be active during test. - %% Nodes = [atom()] - {nodes, Nodes}. - - %% Files with previously exported cover data to include in analysis. - %% CoverDataFiles = [string()] - {import, CoverDataFiles}. - - %% Cover data file to export from this session. - %% CoverDataFile = string() - {export, CoverDataFile}. - - %% Cover analysis level. - %% Level = details | overview - {level, Level}. - - %% Directories to include in cover. - %% Dirs = [string()] - {incl_dirs, Dirs}. - - %% Directories, including subdirectories, to include. - {incl_dirs_r, Dirs}. - - %% Specific modules to include in cover. - %% Mods = [atom()] - {incl_mods, Mods}. - - %% Directories to exclude in cover. - {excl_dirs, Dirs}. - - %% Directories, including subdirectories, to exclude. - {excl_dirs_r, Dirs}. - - %% Specific modules to exclude in cover. - {excl_mods, Mods}. - - %% Cross cover compilation - %% Tag = atom(), an identifier for a test run - %% Mod = [atom()], modules to compile for accumulated analysis - {cross,[{Tag,Mods}]}. - </pre> - - <p>The <c>incl_dirs_r</c> and <c>excl_dirs_r</c> terms tell Common - Test to search the given directories recursively and include - or exclude any module found during the search. The - <c>incl_dirs</c> and <c>excl_dirs</c> terms result in a - non-recursive search for modules (i.e. only modules found in - the given directories are included or excluded).</p> - <p><em>Note:</em> Directories containing Erlang modules that are - to be included in a code coverage test must exist in the code - server path, or the cover tool will fail to recompile the modules. - (It is not sufficient to specify these directories in the cover - specification file for Common Test).</p> + %% List of Nodes on which cover will be active during test. + %% Nodes = [atom()] + {nodes, Nodes}. + + %% Files with previously exported cover data to include in analysis. + %% CoverDataFiles = [string()] + {import, CoverDataFiles}. + + %% Cover data file to export from this session. + %% CoverDataFile = string() + {export, CoverDataFile}. + + %% Cover analysis level. + %% Level = details | overview + {level, Level}. + + %% Directories to include in cover. + %% Dirs = [string()] + {incl_dirs, Dirs}. + + %% Directories, including subdirectories, to include. + {incl_dirs_r, Dirs}. + + %% Specific modules to include in cover. + %% Mods = [atom()] + {incl_mods, Mods}. + + %% Directories to exclude in cover. + {excl_dirs, Dirs}. + + %% Directories, including subdirectories, to exclude. + {excl_dirs_r, Dirs}. + + %% Specific modules to exclude in cover. + {excl_mods, Mods}. + + %% Cross cover compilation + %% Tag = atom(), an identifier for a test run + %% Mod = [atom()], modules to compile for accumulated analysis + {cross,[{Tag,Mods}]}.</pre> + + <p>The terms <c>incl_dirs_r</c> and <c>excl_dirs_r</c> tell <c>Common + Test</c> to search the specified directories recursively and include + or exclude any module found during the search. The terms + <c>incl_dirs</c> and <c>excl_dirs</c> result in a + non-recursive search for modules (that is, only modules found in + the specified directories are included or excluded).</p> + <note><p>Directories containing Erlang modules to be included in a code + coverage test must exist in the code server path. Otherwise, + the Cover tool fails to recompile the modules. It is not sufficient to + specify these directories in the cover specification file for + <c>Common Test</c>.</p></note> </section> <section> <marker id="cross_cover"/> - <title>Cross cover analysis</title> + <title>Cross Cover Analysis</title> <p>The cross cover mechanism allows cover analysis of modules - across multiple tests. It is useful if some code, e.g. a library - module, is used by many different tests and the accumulated cover - result is desirable.</p> + across multiple tests. It is useful if some code, for example, a + library module, is used by many different tests and the accumulated + cover result is desirable.</p> - <p>This can of course also be achieved in a more customized way by - using the <c>export</c> parameter in the cover specification and - analysing the result off line, but the cross cover mechanism is a - build in solution which also provides the logging.</p> + <p>This can also be achieved in a more customized way by + using parameter <c>export</c> in the cover specification and + analysing the result off line. However, the cross cover mechanism is a + built-in solution that also provides logging.</p> - <p>The mechanism is easiest explained via an example:</p> + <p>The mechanism is easiest explained by an example:</p> - <p>Let's say that there are two systems, <c>s1</c> and <c>s2</c>, - which are tested in separate test runs. System <c>s1</c> contains - a library module <c>m1</c> which is tested by the <c>s1</c> test - run and is included in <c>s1</c>'s cover specification:</p> + <p>Assume that there are two systems, <c>s1</c> and <c>s2</c>, + that are tested in separate test runs. System <c>s1</c> contains + a library module <c>m1</c> tested by test run <c>s1</c> and + is included in the cover specification of <c>s1</c> as follows:</p> <code type="none"> -s1.cover: - {incl_mods,[m1]}.</code> + s1.cover: + {incl_mods,[m1]}.</code> <p>When analysing code coverage, the result for <c>m1</c> can be seen in the cover log in the <c>s1</c> test result.</p> - <p>Now, let's imagine that since <c>m1</c> is a library module, it - is also used quite a bit by system <c>s2</c>. The <c>s2</c> test - run does not specifically test <c>m1</c>, but it might still be - interesting to see which parts of <c>m1</c> is actually covered by - the <c>s2</c> tests. To do this, <c>m1</c> could be included also - in <c>s2</c>'s cover specification:</p> + <p>Now, imagine that as <c>m1</c> is a library module, it + is also often used by system <c>s2</c>. Test run <c>s2</c> + does not specifically test <c>m1</c>, but it can still be + interesting to see which parts of <c>m1</c> that are covered + by the <c>s2</c> tests. To do this, <c>m1</c> can be included also + in the cover specification of <c>s2</c> as follows:</p> <code type="none"> -s2.cover: - {incl_mods,[m1]}.</code> + s2.cover: + {incl_mods,[m1]}.</code> - <p>This would give an entry for <c>m1</c> also in the cover log - for the <c>s2</c> test run. The problem is that this would only - reflect the coverage by <c>s2</c> tests, not the accumulated - result over <c>s1</c> and <c>s2</c>. And this is where the cross + <p>This gives an entry for <c>m1</c> also in the cover log + for test run <c>s2</c>. The problem is that this only + reflects the coverage by <c>s2</c> tests, not the accumulated + result over <c>s1</c> and <c>s2</c>. This is where the cross cover mechanism comes in handy.</p> - <p>If instead the cover specification for <c>s2</c> was like - this:</p> + <p>If instead the cover specification for <c>s2</c> is like + the following:</p> <code type="none"> -s2.cover: - {cross,[{s1,[m1]}]}.</code> + s2.cover: + {cross,[{s1,[m1]}]}.</code> - <p>then <c>m1</c> would be cover compiled in the <c>s2</c> test - run, but not shown in the coverage log. Instead, if - <c>ct_cover:cross_cover_analyse/2</c> is called after both - <c>s1</c> and <c>s2</c> test runs are completed, the accumulated - result for <c>m1</c> would be available in the cross cover log for - the <c>s1</c> test run.</p> + <p>Then <c>m1</c> is cover compiled in test run <c>s2</c>, + but not shown in the coverage log. Instead, if + <seealso marker="ct_cover#cross_cover_analyse-2"><c>ct_cover:cross_cover_analyse/2</c></seealso> + is called after both <c>s1</c> and <c>s2</c> test runs are completed, + the accumulated result for <c>m1</c> is available in the cross cover + log for test run <c>s1</c>.</p> - <p>The call to the analyse function must be like this:</p> + <p>The call to the analyze function must be as follows:</p> <code type="none"> -ct_cover:cross_cover_analyse(Level, [{s1,S1LogDir},{s2,S2LogDir}]).</code> + ct_cover:cross_cover_analyse(Level, [{s1,S1LogDir},{s2,S2LogDir}]).</code> - <p>where <c>S1LogDir</c> and <c>S2LogDir</c> are the directories + <p>Here, <c>S1LogDir</c> and <c>S2LogDir</c> are the directories named <c><TestName>.logs</c> for each test respectively.</p> - <p>Note the tags <c>s1</c> and <c>s2</c> which are used in the + <p>Notice the tags <c>s1</c> and <c>s2</c>, which are used in the cover specification file and in the call to - <c>ct_cover:cross_cover_analyse/2</c>. The point of these are only + <c>ct_cover:cross_cover_analyse/2</c>. The purpose of these is only to map the modules specified in the cover specification to the log - directory specified in the call to the analyse function. The name - of the tag has no meaning beyond this.</p> + directory specified in the call to the analyze function. The tag name + has no meaning beyond this.</p> </section> <section> <title>Logging</title> <p>To view the result of a code coverage test, click the button - labled "COVER LOG" in the top level index page for the test run.</p> + labeled "COVER LOG" in the top-level index page for the test run.</p> - <p>Prior to Erlang/OTP 17.1, if your test run consisted of + <p>Before Erlang/OTP 17.1, if your test run consisted of multiple tests, cover would be started and stopped for each test - within the test run. Separate logs would be available via the + within the test run. Separate logs would be available through the "Coverage log" link on the test suite result pages. These links are still available, but now they all point to the same page as - the button on the top level index page. The log contains the - accumulated results for the complete test run. See the release - notes for more information about this change.</p> + the button on the top-level index page. The log contains the + accumulated results for the complete test run. For details about + this change, see the release notes.</p> - <p>The buttonc takes you to the code coverage overview page. If you - have successfully performed a detailed coverage analysis, you - find links to each individual module coverage page here.</p> + <p>The button takes you to the code coverage overview page. If you + have successfully performed a detailed coverage analysis, + links to each individual module coverage page are found here.</p> - <p>If cross cover analysis has been performed, and there are - accumulated coverage results for the current test, then the - - "Coverdata collected over all tests" link will take you to these + <p>If cross cover analysis is performed, and there are + accumulated coverage results for the current test, the link + "Coverdata collected over all tests" takes you to these results.</p> </section> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/ct_hooks_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/ct_hooks_chapter.xml index 3905e23dcc..8f48756ada 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/ct_hooks_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/ct_hooks_chapter.xml @@ -34,28 +34,28 @@ <marker id="general"></marker> <title>General</title> <p> - The <em>Common Test Hook</em> (henceforth called CTH) framework allows - extensions of the default behaviour of Common Test by means of hooks - before and after all test suite calls. CTHs allow advanced Common Test - users to abstract out behaviour which is common to multiple test suites - without littering all test suites with library calls. Some example - usages are: logging, starting and monitoring external systems, - building C files needed by the tests and much more!</p> - - <p>In brief, Common Test Hooks allows you to:</p> - - <list> - <item>Manipulate the runtime config before each suite - configuration call</item> - <item>Manipulate the return of all suite configuration calls and in - extension the result of the test themselves.</item> + The <em>Common Test Hook (CTH)</em> framework allows + extensions of the default behavior of <c>Common Test</c> using hooks + before and after all test suite calls. CTHs allow advanced <c>Common Test</c> + users to abstract out behavior that is common to multiple test suites + without littering all test suites with library calls. this can be used + for logging, starting, and monitoring external systems, + building C files needed by the tests, and so on.</p> + + <p>In brief, CTH allows you to do the following:</p> + + <list type="bulleted"> + <item>Manipulate the runtime configuration before each suite + configuration call.</item> + <item>Manipulate the return of all suite configuration calls, and in + extension, the result of the tests themselves.</item> </list> - <p>The following sections describe how to use CTHs, when they are run - and how to manipulate your test results in a CTH</p> + <p>The following sections describe how to use CTHs, when they are run, + and how to manipulate the test results in a CTH.</p> - <warning><p>When executing within a CTH all timetraps are shutoff. So - if your CTH never returns, the entire test run will be stalled!</p> + <warning><p>When executing within a CTH, all timetraps are shut off. So + if your CTH never returns, the entire test run is stalled.</p> </warning> </section> @@ -63,144 +63,148 @@ <section> <marker id="installing"></marker> <title>Installing a CTH</title> - <p>There are multiple ways to install a CTH in your test run. You can do it - for all tests in a run, for specific test suites and for specific groups + <p>A CTH can be installed in multiple ways in your test run. You can do it + for all tests in a run, for specific test suites, and for specific groups within a test suite. If you want a CTH to be present in all test suites - within your test run there are three different ways to accomplish that. + within your test run, there are three ways to accomplish that, as follows: </p> - <list> + <list type="bulleted"> <item>Add <c>-ct_hooks</c> as an argument to <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#ct_run">ct_run</seealso>. - To add multiple CTHs using this method append them to each other - using the keyword <c>and</c>, i.e. + To add multiple CTHs using this method, append them to each other + using the keyword <c>and</c>, that is, <c>ct_run -ct_hooks cth1 [{debug,true}] and cth2 ...</c>.</item> - <item>Add the <c>ct_hooks</c> tag to your + <item>Add tag <c>ct_hooks</c> to your <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications"> - Test Specification</seealso></item> - <item>Add the <c>ct_hooks</c> tag to your call to - <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1">ct:run_test/1</seealso></item> + Test Specification</seealso>.</item> + <item>Add tag <c>ct_hooks</c> to your call to + <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1">ct:run_test/1</seealso>.</item> </list> - <p>You can also add CTHs within a test suite. This is done by returning - <c>{ct_hooks,[CTH]}</c> in the config list from + <p>CTHs can also be added within a test suite. This is done by returning + <c>{ct_hooks,[CTH]}</c> in the configuration list from <seealso marker="common_test#Module:suite-0">suite/0</seealso>, <seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1"> - init_per_suite/1</seealso> or + init_per_suite/1</seealso>, or <seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_group-2"> - init_per_group/2</seealso>. <c>CTH</c> in this case can be either - only the module name of the CTH or a tuple with the module name and the - initial arguments and optionally the hook priority of the CTH. Eg: - <c>{ct_hooks,[my_cth_module]}</c> or - <c>{ct_hooks,[{my_cth_module,[{debug,true}]}]}</c> or - <c>{ct_hooks,[{my_cth_module,[{debug,true}],500}]}</c> - </p> + init_per_group/2</seealso>.</p> + + <p>In this case, <c>CTH</c> can either be only the module name of the CTH + or a tuple with the module name and the initial arguments, and optionally + the hook priority of the CTH. For example, one of the following:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item><c>{ct_hooks,[my_cth_module]}</c></item> + <item><c>{ct_hooks,[{my_cth_module,[{debug,true}]}]}</c></item> + <item><c>{ct_hooks,[{my_cth_module,[{debug,true}],500}]}</c></item> + </list> <section> <title>Overriding CTHs</title> - <p>By default each installation of a CTH will cause a new instance of it - to be activated. This can cause problems if you want to be able to - override CTHs in test specifications while still having them in the - suite info function. The + <p>By default, each installation of a CTH causes a new instance of it + to be activated. This can cause problems if you want to override + CTHs in test specifications while still having them in the + suite information function. The <seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:id-1">id/1</seealso> callback exists to address this problem. By returning the same - <c>id</c> in both places, Common Test knows that this CTH - has already been installed and will not try to install it again.</p> + <c>id</c> in both places, <c>Common Test</c> knows that this CTH + is already installed and does not try to install it again.</p> </section> <section> - <title>CTH Execution order</title> - <p>By default each CTH installed will be executed in the order which + <title>CTH Execution Order</title> + <p>By default, each CTH installed is executed in the order that they are installed for init calls, and then reversed for end calls. - This is not always wanted so common_test allows + This is not always desired, so <c>Common Test</c> allows the user to specify a priority for each hook. The priority can either - be specified in the CTH <seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:init-2">init/2 - </seealso> function or when installing the hook. The priority given at - installation will override the priority returned by the CTH. </p> + be specified in the CTH function + <seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:init-2">init/2</seealso> or when + installing the hook. The priority specified at installation overrides the + priority returned by the CTH.</p> </section> </section> <section> <marker id="scope"/> <title>CTH Scope</title> - <p>Once the CTH is installed into a certain test run it will be there until + <p>Once the CTH is installed into a certain test run it remains there until its scope is expired. The scope of a CTH depends on when it is - installed. - The <seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:init-2">init/2</seealso> is - called at the beginning of the scope and the - <seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:terminate-1">terminate/1 - </seealso> function is called when the scope ends.</p> + installed, see the following table. + Function <seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:init-2">init/2</seealso> is + called at the beginning of the scope and function + <seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:terminate-1">terminate/1</seealso> + is called when the scope ends.</p> <table> <row> - <cell><em>CTH Installed in</em></cell> + <cell><em>CTH installed in</em></cell> <cell><em>CTH scope begins before</em></cell> <cell><em>CTH scope ends after</em></cell> </row> <row> <cell><seealso marker="run_test_chapter#ct_run">ct_run</seealso></cell> - <cell>the first test suite is to be run.</cell> - <cell>the last test suite has been run.</cell> + <cell>the first test suite is to be run</cell> + <cell>the last test suite has been run</cell> </row> <row> <cell><seealso marker="ct#run_test-1">ct:run_test</seealso></cell> - <cell>the first test suite is to be run.</cell> - <cell>the last test suite has been run.</cell> + <cell>the first test suite is run</cell> + <cell>the last test suite has been run</cell> </row> <row> <cell><seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications"> Test Specification</seealso></cell> - <cell>the first test suite is to be run.</cell> - <cell>the last test suite has been run.</cell> + <cell>the first test suite is run</cell> + <cell>the last test suite has been run</cell> </row> <row> <cell><seealso marker="common_test#Module:suite-0">suite/0 </seealso></cell> <cell><seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:pre_init_per_suite-3"> - pre_init_per_suite/3</seealso> is called.</cell> + pre_init_per_suite/3</seealso> is called</cell> <cell><seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:post_end_per_suite-4"> - post_end_per_suite/4</seealso> has been called for that test suite.</cell> + post_end_per_suite/4</seealso> has been called for that test suite</cell> </row> <row> <cell><seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1"> init_per_suite/1</seealso></cell> <cell><seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:post_init_per_suite-4"> - post_init_per_suite/4</seealso> is called.</cell> + post_init_per_suite/4</seealso> is called</cell> <cell><seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:post_end_per_suite-4"> - post_end_per_suite/4</seealso> has been called for that test suite.</cell> + post_end_per_suite/4</seealso> has been called for that test suite</cell> </row> <row> <cell><seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_group-2"> init_per_group/2</seealso></cell> <cell><seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:post_init_per_group-4"> - post_init_per_group/4</seealso> is called.</cell> + post_init_per_group/4</seealso> is called</cell> <cell><seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:post_end_per_suite-4"> - post_end_per_group/4</seealso> has been called for that group.</cell> + post_end_per_group/4</seealso> has been called for that group</cell> </row> <tcaption>Scope of a CTH</tcaption> </table> <section> <title>CTH Processes and Tables</title> - <p>CTHs are run with the same process scoping as normal test suites - i.e. a different process will execute the init_per_suite hooks then the - init_per_group or per_testcase hooks. So if you want to spawn a - process in the CTH you cannot link with the CTH process as it will exit - after the post hook ends. Also if you for some reason need an ETS - table with your CTH, you will have to spawn a process which handles - it.</p> + <p>CTHs are run with the same process scoping as normal test suites, + that is, a different process executes the <c>init_per_suite</c> hooks then the + <c>init_per_group</c> or <c>per_testcase</c> hooks. So if you want to spawn a + process in the CTH, you cannot link with the CTH process, as it exits + after the post hook ends. Also, if you for some reason need an ETS + table with your CTH, you must spawn a process that handles it.</p> </section> <section> - <title>External configuration data and Logging</title> - <p>It's possible in the CTH to read configuration data values - by calling <seealso marker="ct#get_config-1"><c>ct:get_config/1/2/3</c></seealso> (as explained in the - <seealso marker="config_file_chapter#require_config_data"> - External configuration data</seealso> - chapter). The config variables in question must, as always, first have been - <c>required</c> by means of a suite-, group-, or test case info function, - or the <seealso marker="ct#require-1"><c>ct:require/1/2</c></seealso> function. Note that the latter can also be used - in CT hook functions.</p> - <p>The CT hook functions may call any of the logging functions available + <title>External Configuration Data and Logging</title> + <p>Configuration data values in the CTH can be read + by calling + <seealso marker="ct#get_config-1"><c>ct:get_config/1,2,3</c></seealso> + (as explained in section + <seealso marker="config_file_chapter#require_config_data">Requiring and Reading Configuration Data</seealso>). + The configuration variables in question must, as always, first have been + required by a suite-, group-, or test case information function, + or by function <seealso marker="ct#require-1"><c>ct:require/1/2</c></seealso>. + The latter can also be used in CT hook functions.</p> + <p>The CT hook functions can call any logging function in the <c>ct</c> interface to print information to the log files, or to add comments in the suite overview page. </p> @@ -209,306 +213,315 @@ </section> <section> - <marker id="manipulating"/> - <title>Manipulating tests</title> - <p>It is through CTHs possible to manipulate the results of tests and - configuration functions. The main purpose of doing this with CTHs is to - allow common patterns to be abstracted out from test test suites and applied to - multiple test suites without duplicating any code. All of the callback - functions for a CTH follow a common interface, this interface is - described below.</p> - - <p>Common Test will always call all available hook functions, even pre- and post - hooks for configuration functions that are not implemented in the suite. + <marker id="manipulating"/> + <title>Manipulating Tests</title> + <p>Through CTHs the results of tests and configuration functions can be manipulated. + The main purpose to do this with CTHs is to allow common + patterns to be abstracted out from test suites and applied to + multiple test suites without duplicating any code. All the callback + functions for a CTH follow a common interface described hereafter.</p> + + <p><c>Common Test</c> always calls all available hook functions, even pre- + and post hooks for configuration functions that are not implemented in the suite. For example, <c>pre_init_per_suite(x_SUITE, ...)</c> and - <c>post_init_per_suite(x_SUITE, ...)</c> will be called for test suite - <c>x_SUITE</c>, even if it doesn't export <c>init_per_suite/1</c>. This feature - makes it possible to use hooks as configuration fallbacks, or even - completely replace all configuration functions with hook functions.</p> + <c>post_init_per_suite(x_SUITE, ...)</c> are called for test suite + <c>x_SUITE</c>, even if it does not export <c>init_per_suite/1</c>. + With this feature hooks can be used as configuration fallbacks, and all + configuration functions can be replaced with hook functions.</p> <section> <marker id="pre"/> <title>Pre Hooks</title> <p> - It is possible in a CTH to hook in behaviour before - <seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1">init_per_suite</seealso>, - <seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1">init_per_group</seealso>, - <seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1">init_per_testcase</seealso>, - <seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1">end_per_group</seealso> and - <seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1">end_per_suite</seealso>. + In a CTH, the behavior can be hooked in before the following functions:</p> + + <list type="bulleted"> + <item><seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1"><c>init_per_suite</c></seealso></item> + <item><seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1"><c>init_per_group</c></seealso></item> + <item><seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1"><c>init_per_testcase</c></seealso></item> + <item><seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1"><c>end_per_group</c></seealso></item> + <item><seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1"><c>end_per_suite</c></seealso></item> + </list> + + <p> This is done in the CTH functions called pre_<name of function>. - All of these functions take the same three arguments: <c>Name</c>, - <c>Config</c> and <c>CTHState</c>. The return value of the CTH function - is always a combination of an result for the suite/group/test and an - updated <c>CTHState</c>. If you want the test suite to continue on - executing you should return the config list which you want the test to - use as the result. If you for some reason want to skip/fail the test, - return a tuple with <c>skip</c> or <c>fail</c> and a reason as the - result. Example: - </p> - <code>pre_init_per_suite(SuiteName, Config, CTHState) -> - case db:connect() of - {error,_Reason} -> - {{fail, "Could not connect to DB"}, CTHState}; - {ok, Handle} -> - {[{db_handle, Handle} | Config], CTHState#state{ handle = Handle }} - end.</code> - <note><p>If using multiple CTHs, the first part of the return tuple will be - used as input for the next CTH. So in the case above the next CTH might + These functions take the same three arguments, <c>Name</c>, + <c>Config</c>, and <c>CTHState</c>. The return value of the CTH function + is always a combination of a result for the suite/group/test and an + updated <c>CTHState</c>.</p> + + <p>To let the test suite continue on executing, return the configuration + list that you want the test to use as the result. To skip or + fail the test, return a tuple with <c>skip</c> or <c>fail</c>, and a reason + as the result.</p> + + <p><em>Example:</em></p> + <code> + pre_init_per_suite(SuiteName, Config, CTHState) -> + case db:connect() of + {error,_Reason} -> + {{fail, "Could not connect to DB"}, CTHState}; + {ok, Handle} -> + {[{db_handle, Handle} | Config], CTHState#state{ handle = Handle }} + end.</code> + + <note><p>If you use multiple CTHs, the first part of the return tuple is + used as input for the next CTH. So in the previous example the next CTH can get <c>{fail,Reason}</c> as the second parameter. If you have many CTHs - which interact, it might be a good idea to not let each CTH return - <c>fail</c> or <c>skip</c>. Instead return that an action should be taken - through the <c>Config</c> list and implement a CTH which at the end takes - the correct action.</p></note> + interacting, do not let each CTH return <c>fail</c> or <c>skip</c>. + Instead, return that an action is to be taken through the <c>Config</c> + list and implement a CTH that, at the end, takes the correct action.</p></note> </section> <section> <marker id="post"/> <title>Post Hooks</title> - <p>It is also possible in a CTH to hook in behaviour after - <seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1">init_per_suite</seealso>, - <seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1">init_per_group</seealso>, - <seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1">end_per_testcase</seealso>, - <seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1">end_per_group</seealso> and - <seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1">end_per_suite</seealso>. - This is done in the CTH functions called post_<name of function>. - All of these function take the same four arguments: <c>Name</c>, - <c>Config</c>, <c>Return</c> and <c>CTHState</c>. <c>Config</c> in this + <p>In a CTH, behavior can be hooked in after the following functions:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item><seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1"><c>init_per_suite</c></seealso></item> + <item><seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1"><c>init_per_group</c></seealso></item> + <item><seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1"><c>end_per_testcase</c></seealso></item> + <item><seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1"><c>end_per_group</c></seealso></item> + <item><seealso marker="common_test#Module:init_per_suite-1"><c>end_per_suite</c></seealso></item> + </list> + + <p> + This is done in the CTH functions called <c>post_<name of function></c>. + These functions take the same four arguments, <c>Name</c>, + <c>Config</c>, <c>Return</c>, and <c>CTHState</c>. <c>Config</c> in this case is the same <c>Config</c> as the testcase is called with. <c>Return</c> is the value returned by the testcase. If the testcase - failed by crashing, <c>Return</c> will be + fails by crashing, <c>Return</c> is <c>{'EXIT',{{Error,Reason},Stacktrace}}</c>.</p> - <p>The return value of the CTH function is always a combination of an + <p>The return value of the CTH function is always a combination of a result for the suite/group/test and an updated <c>CTHState</c>. If - you want the callback to not affect the outcome of the test you should + you do not want the callback to affect the outcome of the test, return the <c>Return</c> data as it is given to the CTH. You can also - modify the result of the test. By returning the <c>Config</c> list - with the <c>tc_status</c> element removed you can recover from a test + modify the test result. By returning the <c>Config</c> list + with element <c>tc_status</c> removed, you can recover from a test failure. As in all the pre hooks, it is also possible to fail/skip - the test case in the post hook. Example: </p> - - <code>post_end_per_testcase(_TC, Config, {'EXIT',{_,_}}, CTHState) -> - case db:check_consistency() of - true -> - %% DB is good, pass the test. - {proplists:delete(tc_status, Config), CTHState}; - false -> - %% DB is not good, mark as skipped instead of failing - {{skip, "DB is inconsisten!"}, CTHState} - end; -post_end_per_testcase(_TC, Config, Return, CTHState) -> - %% Do nothing if tc does not crash. - {Return, CTHState}.</code> - - <note><p>Recovering from a testcase failure using CTHs should only be done as - a last resort. If used wrongly it could become very difficult to - determine which tests pass or fail in a test run</p></note> + the test case in the post hook.</p> + + <p><em>Example:</em></p> + <code> + post_end_per_testcase(_TC, Config, {'EXIT',{_,_}}, CTHState) -> + case db:check_consistency() of + true -> + %% DB is good, pass the test. + {proplists:delete(tc_status, Config), CTHState}; + false -> + %% DB is not good, mark as skipped instead of failing + {{skip, "DB is inconsisten!"}, CTHState} + end; + post_end_per_testcase(_TC, Config, Return, CTHState) -> + %% Do nothing if tc does not crash. + {Return, CTHState}.</code> + + <note><p>Do recover from a testcase failure using CTHs only a last resort. + If used wrongly, it can be very difficult to determine which tests that + pass or fail in a test run.</p></note> </section> <section> - <marker id="skip_n_fail"/> - <title>Skip and Fail hooks</title> + <title>Skip and Fail Hooks</title> <p> After any post hook has been executed for all installed CTHs, <seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:on_tc_fail-3">on_tc_fail</seealso> - or <seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:on_tc_fail-3">on_tc_skip</seealso> - might be called if the testcase failed or was skipped - respectively. You cannot affect the outcome of the tests any further at - this point. + or <seealso marker="ct_hooks#Module:on_tc_skip-3">on_tc_skip</seealso> + is called if the testcase failed or was skipped, respectively. + You cannot affect the outcome of the tests any further at this point. </p> </section> </section> <section> - <marker id="synchronizing"/> - <title>Synchronizing external user applications with Common Test</title> + <marker id="synchronizing"/> + <title>Synchronizing External User Applications with Common Test</title> <p>CTHs can be used to synchronize test runs with external user applications. - The init function may e.g. start and/or communicate with an application that - has the purpose of preparing the SUT for an upcoming test run, or maybe + The init function can, for example, start and/or communicate with an application that + has the purpose of preparing the SUT for an upcoming test run, or initialize a database for saving test data to during the test run. The - terminate function may similarly order such an application to reset the SUT + terminate function can similarly order such an application to reset the SUT after the test run, and/or tell the application to finish active sessions and terminate. Any system error- or progress reports generated during the init- or - termination stage will be saved in the - <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#pre_post_test_io_log">Pre- - and post test I/O log</seealso>. (This is also true for any printouts made + termination stage are saved in the + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#pre_post_test_io_log">Pre- and Post Test I/O Log</seealso>. + (This is also true for any printouts made with <c>ct:log/2</c> and <c>ct:pal/2</c>).</p> - <p>In order to ensure that Common Test doesn't start executing tests, or + + <p>To ensure that <c>Common Test</c> does not start executing tests, or closes its log files and shuts down, before the external application - is ready for it, Common Test may be synchronized with the application. - During startup and shutdown, Common Test can be suspended, simply by + is ready for it, <c>Common Test</c> can be synchronized with the application. + During startup and shutdown, <c>Common Test</c> can be suspended, simply by having a CTH evaluate a <c>receive</c> expression in the init- or terminate function. The macros <c>?CT_HOOK_INIT_PROCESS</c> (the process executing the hook init function) and <c>?CT_HOOK_TERMINATE_PROCESS</c> (the process executing - the hook terminate function), each specifies the name of the correct Common Test - process to send a message to in order to return from the <c>receive</c>. + the hook terminate function) each specifies the name of the correct <c>Common Test</c> + process to send a message to. This is done to return from the <c>receive</c>. These macros are defined in <c>ct.hrl</c>. </p> </section> <section> - <marker id="example"/> + <marker id="example"/> <title>Example CTH</title> - <p>The CTH below will log information about a test run into a format - parseable by <seealso marker="kernel:file#consult-1">file:consult/1</seealso>. + <p>The following CTH logs information about a test run into a format + parseable by <seealso marker="kernel:file#consult-1">file:consult/1</seealso> + (in <c>Kernel</c>): </p> - <code>%%% @doc Common Test Example Common Test Hook module. --module(example_cth). - -%% Callbacks --export([id/1]). --export([init/2]). - --export([pre_init_per_suite/3]). --export([post_init_per_suite/4]). --export([pre_end_per_suite/3]). --export([post_end_per_suite/4]). - --export([pre_init_per_group/3]). --export([post_init_per_group/4]). --export([pre_end_per_group/3]). --export([post_end_per_group/4]). - --export([pre_init_per_testcase/3]). --export([post_end_per_testcase/4]). - --export([on_tc_fail/3]). --export([on_tc_skip/3]). - --export([terminate/1]). - --record(state, { file_handle, total, suite_total, ts, tcs, data }). - -%% @doc Return a unique id for this CTH. -id(Opts) -> - proplists:get_value(filename, Opts, "/tmp/file.log"). - -%% @doc Always called before any other callback function. Use this to initiate -%% any common state. -init(Id, Opts) -> - {ok,D} = file:open(Id,[write]), - {ok, #state{ file_handle = D, total = 0, data = [] }}. - -%% @doc Called before init_per_suite is called. -pre_init_per_suite(Suite,Config,State) -> - {Config, State#state{ suite_total = 0, tcs = [] }}. - -%% @doc Called after init_per_suite. -post_init_per_suite(Suite,Config,Return,State) -> - {Return, State}. - -%% @doc Called before end_per_suite. -pre_end_per_suite(Suite,Config,State) -> - {Config, State}. - -%% @doc Called after end_per_suite. -post_end_per_suite(Suite,Config,Return,State) -> - Data = {suites, Suite, State#state.suite_total, lists:reverse(State#state.tcs)}, - {Return, State#state{ data = [Data | State#state.data] , - total = State#state.total + State#state.suite_total } }. - -%% @doc Called before each init_per_group. -pre_init_per_group(Group,Config,State) -> - {Config, State}. - -%% @doc Called after each init_per_group. -post_init_per_group(Group,Config,Return,State) -> - {Return, State}. - -%% @doc Called after each end_per_group. -pre_end_per_group(Group,Config,State) -> - {Config, State}. - -%% @doc Called after each end_per_group. -post_end_per_group(Group,Config,Return,State) -> - {Return, State}. - -%% @doc Called before each test case. -pre_init_per_testcase(TC,Config,State) -> - {Config, State#state{ ts = now(), total = State#state.suite_total + 1 } }. - -%% @doc Called after each test case. -post_end_per_testcase(TC,Config,Return,State) -> - TCInfo = {testcase, TC, Return, timer:now_diff(now(), State#state.ts)}, - {Return, State#state{ ts = undefined, tcs = [TCInfo | State#state.tcs] } }. - -%% @doc Called after post_init_per_suite, post_end_per_suite, post_init_per_group, -%% post_end_per_group and post_end_per_testcase if the suite, group or test case failed. -on_tc_fail(TC, Reason, State) -> - State. - -%% @doc Called when a test case is skipped by either user action -%% or due to an init function failing. -on_tc_skip(TC, Reason, State) -> - State. - -%% @doc Called when the scope of the CTH is done -terminate(State) -> - io:format(State#state.file_handle, "~p.~n", - [{test_run, State#state.total, State#state.data}]), - file:close(State#state.file_handle), - ok.</code> + <code> + %%% @doc Common Test Example Common Test Hook module. + -module(example_cth). + + %% Callbacks + -export([id/1]). + -export([init/2]). + + -export([pre_init_per_suite/3]). + -export([post_init_per_suite/4]). + -export([pre_end_per_suite/3]). + -export([post_end_per_suite/4]). + + -export([pre_init_per_group/3]). + -export([post_init_per_group/4]). + -export([pre_end_per_group/3]). + -export([post_end_per_group/4]). + + -export([pre_init_per_testcase/3]). + -export([post_end_per_testcase/4]). + + -export([on_tc_fail/3]). + -export([on_tc_skip/3]). + + -export([terminate/1]). + + -record(state, { file_handle, total, suite_total, ts, tcs, data }). + + %% @doc Return a unique id for this CTH. + id(Opts) -> + proplists:get_value(filename, Opts, "/tmp/file.log"). + + %% @doc Always called before any other callback function. Use this to initiate + %% any common state. + init(Id, Opts) -> + {ok,D} = file:open(Id,[write]), + {ok, #state{ file_handle = D, total = 0, data = [] }}. + + %% @doc Called before init_per_suite is called. + pre_init_per_suite(Suite,Config,State) -> + {Config, State#state{ suite_total = 0, tcs = [] }}. + + %% @doc Called after init_per_suite. + post_init_per_suite(Suite,Config,Return,State) -> + {Return, State}. + + %% @doc Called before end_per_suite. + pre_end_per_suite(Suite,Config,State) -> + {Config, State}. + + %% @doc Called after end_per_suite. + post_end_per_suite(Suite,Config,Return,State) -> + Data = {suites, Suite, State#state.suite_total, lists:reverse(State#state.tcs)}, + {Return, State#state{ data = [Data | State#state.data] , + total = State#state.total + State#state.suite_total } }. + + %% @doc Called before each init_per_group. + pre_init_per_group(Group,Config,State) -> + {Config, State}. + + %% @doc Called after each init_per_group. + post_init_per_group(Group,Config,Return,State) -> + {Return, State}. + + %% @doc Called after each end_per_group. + pre_end_per_group(Group,Config,State) -> + {Config, State}. + + %% @doc Called after each end_per_group. + post_end_per_group(Group,Config,Return,State) -> + {Return, State}. + + %% @doc Called before each test case. + pre_init_per_testcase(TC,Config,State) -> + {Config, State#state{ ts = now(), total = State#state.suite_total + 1 } }. + + %% @doc Called after each test case. + post_end_per_testcase(TC,Config,Return,State) -> + TCInfo = {testcase, TC, Return, timer:now_diff(now(), State#state.ts)}, + {Return, State#state{ ts = undefined, tcs = [TCInfo | State#state.tcs] } }. + + %% @doc Called after post_init_per_suite, post_end_per_suite, post_init_per_group, + %% post_end_per_group and post_end_per_testcase if the suite, group or test case failed. + on_tc_fail(TC, Reason, State) -> + State. + + %% @doc Called when a test case is skipped by either user action + %% or due to an init function failing. + on_tc_skip(TC, Reason, State) -> + State. + + %% @doc Called when the scope of the CTH is done + terminate(State) -> + io:format(State#state.file_handle, "~p.~n", + [{test_run, State#state.total, State#state.data}]), + file:close(State#state.file_handle), + ok.</code> </section> <section> - <marker id="builtin_cths"/> - <title>Built-in CTHs</title> - <p>Common Test is delivered with a couple of general purpose CTHs that - can be enabled by the user to provide some generic testing functionality. - Some of these are enabled by default when starting running common_test, - they can be disabled by setting <c>enable_builtin_hooks</c> to - <c>false</c> on the command line or in the test specification. In the - table below there is a list of all current CTHs which are delivered with - Common Test.</p> - - <table> - <row> - <cell align="left"><em>CTH Name</em></cell> - <cell align="left"><em>Is Built-in</em></cell> - <cell align="left"><em>Description</em></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell align="left">cth_log_redirect</cell> - <cell align="left">yes</cell> - <cell align="left">Captures all error_logger and SASL logging events and prints them - to the current test case log. If an event can not be associated with a - testcase it will be printed in the common test framework log. This will - happen for testcases which are run in parallel and events which occur - inbetween testcases. You can configure the level of - <seealso marker="sasl:sasl_app">SASL</seealso> events report - using the normal SASL mechanisms. </cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell align="left">cth_surefire</cell> - <cell align="left">no</cell> - <cell align="left"><p>Captures all test results and outputs them as surefire - XML into a file. The file which is created is by default - called junit_report.xml. The file name can be changed by - setting the <c>path</c> option for this hook, e.g.</p> - - <code>-ct_hooks cth_surefire [{path,"/tmp/report.xml"}]</code> - - <p>If the <c>url_base</c> option is set, an additional - attribute named <c>url</c> will be added to each - <c>testsuite</c> and <c>testcase</c> XML element. The value will - be constructed from the <c>url_base</c> and a relative path - to the test suite or test case log respectively, e.g.</p> - - <code>-ct_hooks cth_surefire [{url_base, "http://myserver.com/"}]</code> - <p>will give a url attribute value similar to</p> - - <code>"http://myserver.com/[email protected]_11.19.39/ -x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.my_test.logs/run.2012-12-12_11.19.39/suite.log.html"</code> - - <p>Surefire XML can for instance be used by Jenkins to display test - results.</p></cell> - </row> - </table> + <marker id="builtin_cths"/> + <title>Built-In CTHs</title> + <p><c>Common Test</c> is delivered with some general-purpose CTHs that + can be enabled by the user to provide generic testing functionality. + Some of these CTHs are enabled by default when <c>common_test</c> is started to run. + They can be disabled by setting <c>enable_builtin_hooks</c> to + <c>false</c> on the command line or in the test specification. The following + two CTHs are delivered with <c>Common Test</c>:</p> + + <taglist> + <tag><c>cth_log_redirect</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Built-in</p> + <p>Captures all <c>error_logger</c> and <c>SASL</c> logging + events and prints them to the current test case log. If an event cannot be + associated with a test case, it is printed in the <c>Common Test</c> framework log. + This happens for test cases running in parallel and events occuring + in-between test cases. You can configure the level of + <seealso marker="sasl:sasl_app"><c>SASL</c></seealso> events report + using the normal <c>SASL</c> mechanisms.</p> + </item> + <tag><c>cth_surefire</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Not built-in</p> + <p>Captures all test results and outputs them as surefire + XML into a file. The created file is by default + called <c>junit_report.xml</c>. The file name can be changed by + setting option <c>path</c> for this hook, for example:</p> + + <p><c>-ct_hooks cth_surefire [{path,"/tmp/report.xml"}]</c></p> + + <p>If option <c>url_base</c> is set, an extra + attribute named <c>url</c> is added to each + <c>testsuite</c> and <c>testcase</c> XML element. The value + is constructed from <c>url_base</c> and a relative path + to the test suite or test case log, respectively, for example:</p> + + <p><c>-ct_hooks cth_surefire [{url_base, "http://myserver.com/"}]</c></p> + + <p>gives an URL attribute value similar to</p> + + <p><c>"http://myserver.com/[email protected]_11.19.39/ +x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.my_test.logs/run.2012-12-12_11.19.39/suite.log.html"</c></p> + + <p>Surefire XML can, for example, be used by Jenkins to display test + results.</p> + </item> + </taglist> </section> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/ct_master_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/ct_master_chapter.xml index 16492f39b8..99555164e0 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/ct_master_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/ct_master_chapter.xml @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ </legalnotice> - <title>Using Common Test for Large Scale Testing</title> + <title>Using Common Test for Large-Scale Testing</title> <prepared>Peter Andersson</prepared> <docno></docno> <date></date> @@ -33,217 +33,220 @@ <section> <marker id="general"></marker> <title>General</title> - <p>Large scale automated testing requires running multiple independent + <p>Large-scale automated testing requires running multiple independent test sessions in parallel. This is accomplished by running - a number of Common Test nodes on one or more hosts, testing - different target systems. Configuring, starting and controlling the + some <c>Common Test</c> nodes on one or more hosts, testing + different target systems. Configuring, starting, and controlling the test nodes independently can be a cumbersome operation. To aid - this kind of automated large scale testing, CT offers a master test - node component, CT Master, that handles central configuration and control - in a system of distributed CT nodes.</p> + this kind of automated large-scale testing, <c>Common Test</c> offers a master + test node component, <c>Common Test</c> Master, which handles central configuration and control + in a system of distributed <c>Common Test</c> nodes.</p> - <p>The CT Master server runs on one dedicated Erlang node and uses distributed - Erlang to communicate with any number of CT test nodes, each hosting a regular - CT server. Test specifications are used as input to specify what to test on which + <p>The <c>Common Test</c> Master server runs on one dedicated Erlang node and uses distributed + Erlang to communicate with any number of <c>Common Test</c> test nodes, each hosting a regular + <c>Common Test</c> server. Test specifications are used as input to specify what to test on which test nodes, using what configuration.</p> - <p>The CT Master server writes progress information to HTML log files similarly - to the regular CT server. The logs contain test statistics and links to the - log files written by each independent CT server.</p> + <p>The <c>Common Test</c> Master server writes progress information to HTML log files similarly + to the regular <c>Common Test</c> server. The logs contain test statistics and links to the + log files written by each independent <c>Common Test</c> server.</p> - <p>The CT master API is exported by the <c>ct_master</c> module.</p> + <p>The <c>Common Test</c> Master API is exported by module + <seealso marker="ct_master"><c>ct_master</c></seealso>.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Usage</title> - <p>CT Master requires all test nodes to be on the same network and share a common - file system. As of this date, CT Master can not start test nodes - automatically. The nodes must have been started in advance for CT Master to be + <title>Use</title> + <p><c>Common Test</c> Master requires all test nodes to be on the same network and share a common + file system. <c>Common Test</c> Master cannot start test nodes + automatically. The nodes must be started in advance for <c>Common Test</c> Master to be able to start test sessions on them.</p> - <p>Tests are started by calling:</p> - - <p><c>ct_master:run(TestSpecs)</c> or - <c>ct_master:run(TestSpecs, InclNodes, ExclNodes)</c></p> + <p>Tests are started by calling + <seealso marker="ct_master#run-1"><c>ct_master:run(TestSpecs)</c></seealso> or + <seealso marker="ct_master#run-3"><c>ct_master:run(TestSpecs, InclNodes, ExclNodes)</c></seealso></p> <p><c>TestSpecs</c> is either the name of a test specification file (string) or a list - of test specifications. In case of a list, the specifications will be handled (and + of test specifications. If it is a list, the specifications are handled (and the corresponding tests executed) in sequence. An element in a <c>TestSpecs</c> list - can also be list of test specifications. The specifications in such a list will be - merged into one combined specification prior to test execution. For example:</p> - - <p><c>ct_master:run(["ts1","ts2",["ts3","ts4"]])</c></p> + can also be list of test specifications. The specifications in such a list are + merged into one combined specification before test execution.</p> - <p>means first the tests specified by "ts1" will run, then the tests specified by "ts2" + <p><em>Example:</em></p> + <pre> + ct_master:run(["ts1","ts2",["ts3","ts4"]])</pre> + + <p>Here, the tests specified by "ts1" run first, then the tests specified by "ts2", and finally the tests specified by both "ts3" and "ts4".</p> - <p>The <c>InclNodes</c> argument to <c>run/3</c> is a list of node names. The <c>run/3</c> - function runs the tests in <c>TestSpecs</c> just like <c>run/1</c> but will also - take any test in <c>TestSpecs</c> that's not explicitly tagged with a particular - node name and execute it on the nodes listed in <c>InclNodes</c>. By using <c>run/3</c> - this way it is possible to use any test specification, with or without node information, - in a large scale test environment! <c>ExclNodes</c> is a list of nodes that should be - excluded from the test. I.e. tests that have been specified in the test specification - to run on a particular node will not be performed if that node is at runtime - listed in <c>ExclNodes</c>.</p> - - <p>If CT Master fails initially to connect to any of the test nodes specified in a - test specification or in the <c>InclNodes</c> list, the operator will be prompted with - the option to either start over again (after manually checking the status of the - node(s) in question), to run without the missing nodes, or to abort the operation.</p> + <p>The <c>InclNodes</c> argument to <c>run/3</c> is a list of node names. Function + <c>run/3</c> runs the tests in <c>TestSpecs</c> just like <c>run/1</c>, but also + takes any test in <c>TestSpecs</c>, which is not explicitly tagged with a particular + node name, and execute it on the nodes listed in <c>InclNodes</c>. By using <c>run/3</c> + this way, any test specification can be used, with or without node information, + in a large-scale test environment.</p> + + <p><c>ExclNodes</c> is a list of nodes to be + excluded from the test. That is, tests that are specified in the test specification + to run on a particular node are not performed if that node is + listed in <c>ExclNodes</c> at runtime.</p> - <p>When tests start, CT Master prints information to console about the nodes that are - involved. CT Master also reports when tests finish, successfully or unsuccessfully. If - connection is lost to a node, the test on that node is considered finished. CT Master - will not attempt to reestablish contact with the failing node. At any time to get the - current status of the test nodes, call the function:</p> + <p>If <c>Common Test</c> Master fails initially to connect to any of the test nodes specified in a + test specification or in the <c>InclNodes</c> list, the operator is prompted with + the option to either start over again (after manually checking the status of the + nodes in question), to run without the missing nodes, or to abort the operation.</p> - <p><c>ct_master:progress()</c></p> + <p>When tests start, <c>Common Test</c> Master displays information to console about the involved nodes. + <c>Common Test</c> Master also reports when tests finish, successfully or unsuccessfully. If + connection is lost to a node, the test on that node is considered finished. <c>Common Test</c> Master + does not attempt to re-establish contact with the failing node.</p> - <p>To stop one or more tests, use:</p> + <p>At any time, to get the current status of the test nodes, call function + <seealso marker="ct_master#progress-0"><c>ct_master:progress()</c></seealso>.</p> - <p><c>ct_master:abort()</c> (stop all) or <c>ct_master:abort(Nodes)</c></p> + <p>To stop one or more tests, use function + <seealso marker="ct_master#abort-0"><c>ct_master:abort()</c></seealso> (to stop all) or + <seealso marker="ct_master#abort-1"><c>ct_master:abort(Nodes)</c></seealso>.</p> - <p>For detailed information about the <c>ct_master</c> API, please see the - <seealso marker="ct_master">manual page</seealso> for this module.</p> + <p>For details about the <c>Common Test</c> Master API, see module + <seealso marker="ct_master"><c>ct_master</c></seealso>.</p> </section> <section> <marker id="test_specifications"></marker> <title>Test Specifications</title> - <p>The test specifications used as input to CT Master are fully compatible with the - specifications used as input to the regular CT server. The syntax is described in the - <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Running Test Suites</seealso> - chapter.</p> + <p>The test specifications used as input to <c>Common Test</c> Master are fully compatible with the + specifications used as input to the regular <c>Common Test</c> server. The syntax is described in section + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Test Specifications</seealso> + in section Running Tests and Analyzing Results.</p> <p>All test specification terms can have a <c>NodeRefs</c> element. This element specifies which node or nodes a configuration operation or a test is to be executed - on. <c>NodeRefs</c> is defined as:</p> + on. <c>NodeRefs</c> is defined as follows:</p> <p><c>NodeRefs = all_nodes | [NodeRef] | NodeRef</c></p> - - <p>where</p> <p><c>NodeRef = NodeAlias | node() | master</c></p> <p>A <c>NodeAlias</c> (<c>atom()</c>) is used in a test specification as a - reference to a node name (so the actual node name only needs to be declared once, - which can of course also be achieved using constants). - The alias is declared with a <c>node</c> term:</p> + reference to a node name (so the node name only needs to be declared once, + which also can be achieved using constants). + The alias is declared with a <c>node</c> term as follows:</p> <p><c>{node, NodeAlias, NodeName}</c></p> - <p>If <c>NodeRefs</c> has the value <c>all_nodes</c>, the operation or test will - be performed on all given test nodes. (Declaring a term without a <c>NodeRefs</c> - element actually has the same effect). If <c>NodeRefs</c> has the value - <c>master</c>, the operation is only performed on the CT Master node (namely set + <p>If <c>NodeRefs</c> has the value <c>all_nodes</c>, the operation or test + is performed on all specified test nodes. (Declaring a term without a <c>NodeRefs</c> + element has the same effect). If <c>NodeRefs</c> has the value + <c>master</c>, the operation is only performed on the <c>Common Test</c> Master node (namely set the log directory or install an event handler).</p> - <p>Consider the example in the - <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Running Test Suites</seealso> - chapter, now extended with node information and intended to be executed by the - CT Master:</p> + <p>Consider the example in section + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Test Specifications</seealso> + in section Running Tests and Analysing Results, + now extended with node information and intended to be executed by + <c>Common Test</c> Master:</p> <pre> - {define, 'Top', "/home/test"}. - {define, 'T1', "'Top'/t1"}. - {define, 'T2', "'Top'/t2"}. - {define, 'T3', "'Top'/t3"}. - {define, 'CfgFile', "config.cfg"}. - {define, 'Node', ct_node}. - - {node, node1, 'Node@host_x'}. - {node, node2, 'Node@host_y'}. - - {logdir, master, "'Top'/master_logs"}. - {logdir, "'Top'/logs"}. - - {config, node1, "'T1'/'CfgFile'"}. - {config, node2, "'T2'/'CfgFile'"}. - {config, "'T3'/'CfgFile'"}. - - {suites, node1, 'T1', all}. - {skip_suites, node1, 'T1', [t1B_SUITE,t1D_SUITE], "Not implemented"}. - {skip_cases, node1, 'T1', t1A_SUITE, [test3,test4], "Irrelevant"}. - {skip_cases, node1, 'T1', t1C_SUITE, [test1], "Ignore"}. - - {suites, node2, 'T2', [t2B_SUITE,t2C_SUITE]}. - {cases, node2, 'T2', t2A_SUITE, [test4,test1,test7]}. - - {skip_suites, 'T3', all, "Not implemented"}.</pre> + {define, 'Top', "/home/test"}. + {define, 'T1', "'Top'/t1"}. + {define, 'T2', "'Top'/t2"}. + {define, 'T3', "'Top'/t3"}. + {define, 'CfgFile', "config.cfg"}. + {define, 'Node', ct_node}. + + {node, node1, 'Node@host_x'}. + {node, node2, 'Node@host_y'}. + + {logdir, master, "'Top'/master_logs"}. + {logdir, "'Top'/logs"}. + + {config, node1, "'T1'/'CfgFile'"}. + {config, node2, "'T2'/'CfgFile'"}. + {config, "'T3'/'CfgFile'"}. + + {suites, node1, 'T1', all}. + {skip_suites, node1, 'T1', [t1B_SUITE,t1D_SUITE], "Not implemented"}. + {skip_cases, node1, 'T1', t1A_SUITE, [test3,test4], "Irrelevant"}. + {skip_cases, node1, 'T1', t1C_SUITE, [test1], "Ignore"}. + + {suites, node2, 'T2', [t2B_SUITE,t2C_SUITE]}. + {cases, node2, 'T2', t2A_SUITE, [test4,test1,test7]}. + + {skip_suites, 'T3', all, "Not implemented"}.</pre> <p>This example specifies the same tests as the original example. But - now if started with a call to <c>ct_master:run(TestSpecName)</c>, the - t1 test will be executed on node <c>ct_node@host_x</c> (node1), the - t2 test on <c>ct_node@host_y</c> (node2) and the t3 test on both - node1 and node2. The t1 config file will only be read on - node1 and the t2 config file only on node2, while the t3 config file - will be read on both node1 and node2. Both test nodes will write log - files to the same directory. (The CT Master node will however use a - different log directory than the test nodes).</p> + now if started with a call to <c>ct_master:run(TestSpecName)</c>, test + <c>t1</c> is executed on node <c>ct_node@host_x</c> (<c>node1</c>), test + <c>t2</c> on <c>ct_node@host_y</c> (<c>node2</c>) and test <c>t3</c> + on both <c>node1</c> and <c>node2</c>. Configuration file <c>t1</c> is only read on + <c>node1</c> and configuration file <c>t2</c> only on <c>node2</c>, while the + configuration file <c>t3</c> is read on both <c>node1</c> and <c>node2</c>. + Both test nodes write log files to the same directory. (However, the <c>Common Test</c> Master + node uses a different log directory than the test nodes.)</p> <p>If the test session is instead started with a call to <c>ct_master:run(TestSpecName, [ct_node@host_z], [ct_node@host_x])</c>, - the result is that the t1 test does not run on - <c>ct_node@host_x</c> (or any other node) while the t3 test runs on + the result is that test <c>t1</c> does not run on + <c>ct_node@host_x</c> (or any other node) while test <c>t3</c> runs on both <c>ct_node@host_y</c> and <c>ct_node@host_z</c>.</p> <p>A nice feature is that a test specification that includes node - information can still be used as input to the regular Common Test server - (as described in the - <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Running Test Suites</seealso> - chapter). The result is that any test specified to run on a node with the same - name as the Common Test node in question (typically <c>ct@somehost</c> if started - with the <c>ct_run</c> program), will be performed. Tests without explicit - node association will always be performed too of course!</p> + information can still be used as input to the regular <c>Common Test</c> server + (as described in section + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Test Specifications</seealso>). + The result is that any test specified to run on a node with the same + name as the <c>Common Test</c> node in question (typically <c>ct@somehost</c> if started + with the <c>ct_run</c> program), is performed. Tests without explicit + node association are always performed too, of course.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Automatic startup of test target nodes</title> + <title>Automatic Startup of Test Target Nodes</title> <marker id="ct_slave"></marker> - <p>It is possible to automatically start, and perform initial actions, on - test target nodes by using the test specification term <c>init</c>.</p> - <p>Currently, two sub-terms are supported, <c>node_start</c> and <c>eval</c>.</p> - <p>Example:</p> + <p>Initial actions can be started and performed automatically on + test target nodes using test specification term <c>init</c>.</p> + <p>Two subterms are supported, <c>node_start</c> and <c>eval</c>.</p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <pre> - {node, node1, node1@host1}. - {node, node2, node1@host2}. - {node, node3, node2@host2}. - {node, node4, node1@host3}. - {init, node1, [{node_start, [{callback_module, my_slave_callback}]}]}. - {init, [node2, node3], {node_start, [{username, "ct_user"}, {password, "ct_password"}]}}. - {init, node4, {eval, {module, function, []}}}.</pre> + {node, node1, node1@host1}. + {node, node2, node1@host2}. + {node, node3, node2@host2}. + {node, node4, node1@host3}. + {init, node1, [{node_start, [{callback_module, my_slave_callback}]}]}. + {init, [node2, node3], {node_start, [{username, "ct_user"}, {password, "ct_password"}]}}. + {init, node4, {eval, {module, function, []}}}.</pre> <p>This test specification declares that <c>node1@host1</c> is to be started using the user callback function <c>callback_module:my_slave_callback/0</c>, and nodes - <c>node1@host2</c> and <c>node2@host2</c> will be started with the default callback - module <c>ct_slave</c>. The given user name and password is used to log into remote - host <c>host2</c>. Also, the function <c>module:function/0</c> will be evaluated on - <c>node1@host3</c>, and the result of this call will be printed to the log.</p> + <c>node1@host2</c> and <c>node2@host2</c> are to be started with the default callback + module <c>ct_slave</c>. The specified username and password are used to log on to remote + host <c>host2</c>. Also, function <c>module:function/0</c> is evaluated on + <c>node1@host3</c>, and the result of this call is printed to the log.</p> - <p>The default <seealso marker="ct_slave">ct_slave</seealso> callback module, - which is part of the Common Test application, has the following features: + <p>The default callback module <seealso marker="ct_slave">ct_slave</seealso>, + has the following features: </p> - <list> + <list type="bulleted"> <item>Starting Erlang target nodes on local or remote hosts - (ssh is used for communication). + (application <c>SSH</c> is used for communication). </item> - <item>Ability to start an Erlang emulator with additional flags + <item>Ability to start an Erlang emulator with more flags (any flags supported by <c>erl</c> are supported). </item> - <item>Supervision of a node being started by means of internal callback - functions. Used to prevent hanging nodes. (Configurable). + <item>Supervision of a node being started using internal callback + functions. Used to prevent hanging nodes. (Configurable.) </item> - <item>Monitoring of the master node by the slaves. A slave node may be - stopped in case the master node terminates. (Configurable). + <item>Monitoring of the master node by the slaves. A slave node can be + stopped if the master node terminates. (Configurable.) </item> - <item>Execution of user functions after a slave node is started. - Functions can be given as a list of {Module, Function, Arguments} tuples. + <item>Execution of user functions after a slave node is started. Functions can + be specified as a list of <c>{Module, Function, Arguments}</c> tuples. </item> </list> - <p>Note that it is possible to specify an <c>eval</c> term for the node as well - as <c>startup_functions</c> in the <c>node_start</c> options list. In this - case first the node will be started, then the <c>startup_functions</c> are + <note><p>An <c>eval</c> term for the node and + <c>startup_functions</c> in the <c>node_start</c> options list can be specified. + In this case, the node is started first, then the <c>startup_functions</c> are executed, and finally functions specified with <c>eval</c> are called. - </p> + </p></note> </section> </chapter> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/dependencies_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/dependencies_chapter.xml index fb758d90df..d96a41473f 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/dependencies_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/dependencies_chapter.xml @@ -33,217 +33,220 @@ <section> <title>General</title> <p>When creating test suites, it is strongly recommended to not - create dependencies between test cases, i.e. letting test cases + create dependencies between test cases, that is, letting test cases depend on the result of previous test cases. There are various - reasons for this, for example:</p> + reasons for this, such as, the following:</p> - <list> + <list type="bulleted"> <item>It makes it impossible to run test cases individually.</item> - <item>It makes it impossible to run test cases in different order.</item> - <item>It makes debugging very difficult (since a fault could be + <item>It makes it impossible to run test cases in a different order.</item> + <item>It makes debugging difficult (as a fault can be the result of a problem in a different test case than the one failing).</item> - <item>There exists no good and explicit ways to declare dependencies, so - it may be very difficult to see and understand these in test suite + <item>There are no good and explicit ways to declare dependencies, so + it can be difficult to see and understand these in test suite code and in test logs.</item> - <item>Extending, restructuring and maintaining test suites with + <item>Extending, restructuring, and maintaining test suites with test case dependencies is difficult.</item> </list> <p>There are often sufficient means to work around the need for test case dependencies. Generally, the problem is related to the state of - the system under test (SUT). The action of one test case may alter the state - of the system and for some other test case to run properly, the new state + the System Under Test (SUT). The action of one test case can change the + system state. For some other test case to run properly, this new state must be known.</p> <p>Instead of passing data between test cases, it is recommended that the test cases read the state from the SUT and perform assertions - (i.e. let the test case run if the state is as expected, otherwise reset or fail) - and/or use the state to set variables necessary for the test case to execute - properly. Common actions can often be implemented as library functions for - test cases to call to set the SUT in a required state. (Such common actions - may of course also be separately tested if necessary, to ensure they are - working as expected). It is sometimes also possible, but not always desirable, - to group tests together in one test case, i.e. let a test case perform a - "scenario" test (a test that consists of subtests).</p> - - <p>Consider for example a server application under test. The following + (that is, let the test case run if the state is as expected, otherwise reset or fail). + It is also recommended to use the state to set variables necessary for the + test case to execute properly. Common actions can often be implemented as + library functions for test cases to call to set the SUT in a required state. + (Such common actions can also be separately tested, if necessary, + to ensure that they work as expected). It is sometimes also possible, + but not always desirable, to group tests together in one test case, that is, + let a test case perform a "scenario" test (a test consisting of subtests).</p> + + <p>Consider, for example, a server application under test. The following functionality is to be tested:</p> - <list> - <item>Starting the server.</item> - <item>Configuring the server.</item> - <item>Connecting a client to the server.</item> - <item>Disconnecting a client from the server.</item> - <item>Stopping the server.</item> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item>Starting the server</item> + <item>Configuring the server</item> + <item>Connecting a client to the server</item> + <item>Disconnecting a client from the server</item> + <item>Stopping the server</item> </list> - <p>There are obvious dependencies between the listed functions. We can't configure - the server if it hasn't first been started, we can't connect a client until - the server has been properly configured, etc. If we want to have one test - case for each of the functions, we might be tempted to try to always run the + <p>There are obvious dependencies between the listed functions. The server cannot + be configured if it has not first been started, a client connot be connectd until + the server is properly configured, and so on. If we want to have one test + case for each function, we might be tempted to try to always run the test cases in the stated order and carry possible data (identities, handles, - etc) between the cases and therefore introduce dependencies between them. - To avoid this we could consider starting and stopping the server for every test. - We would implement the start and stop action as common functions that may be - called from init_per_testcase and end_per_testcase. (We would of course test - the start and stop functionality separately). The configuration could perhaps also - be implemented as a common function, maybe grouped with the start function. - Finally the testing of connecting and disconnecting a client may be grouped into - one test case. The resulting suite would look something like this:</p> - + and so on) between the cases and therefore introduce dependencies between them.</p> + + <p>To avoid this, we can consider starting and stopping the server for every test. + We can thus implement the start and stop action as common functions to be + called from + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:init_per_testcase-2"><c>init_per_testcase</c></seealso> and + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:end_per_testcase-2"><c>end_per_testcase</c></seealso>. + (Remember to test the start and stop functionality separately.) + The configuration can also be implemented as a common function, maybe grouped + with the start function. Finally, the testing of connecting and disconnecting a + client can be grouped into one test case. The resulting suite can look as + follows:</p> <pre> - -module(my_server_SUITE). - -compile(export_all). - -include_lib("ct.hrl"). + -module(my_server_SUITE). + -compile(export_all). + -include_lib("ct.hrl"). + + %%% init and end functions... - %%% init and end functions... + suite() -> [{require,my_server_cfg}]. - suite() -> [{require,my_server_cfg}]. + init_per_testcase(start_and_stop, Config) -> + Config; - init_per_testcase(start_and_stop, Config) -> - Config; + init_per_testcase(config, Config) -> + [{server_pid,start_server()} | Config]; - init_per_testcase(config, Config) -> - [{server_pid,start_server()} | Config]; + init_per_testcase(_, Config) -> + ServerPid = start_server(), + configure_server(), + [{server_pid,ServerPid} | Config]. - init_per_testcase(_, Config) -> - ServerPid = start_server(), - configure_server(), - [{server_pid,ServerPid} | Config]. + end_per_testcase(start_and_stop, _) -> + ok; - end_per_testcase(start_and_stop, _) -> - ok; + end_per_testcase(_, _) -> + ServerPid = ?config(server_pid), + stop_server(ServerPid). - end_per_testcase(_, _) -> - ServerPid = ?config(server_pid), - stop_server(ServerPid). + %%% test cases... - %%% test cases... + all() -> [start_and_stop, config, connect_and_disconnect]. - all() -> [start_and_stop, config, connect_and_disconnect]. + %% test that starting and stopping works + start_and_stop(_) -> + ServerPid = start_server(), + stop_server(ServerPid). - %% test that starting and stopping works - start_and_stop(_) -> - ServerPid = start_server(), - stop_server(ServerPid). + %% configuration test + config(Config) -> + ServerPid = ?config(server_pid, Config), + configure_server(ServerPid). - %% configuration test - config(Config) -> - ServerPid = ?config(server_pid, Config), - configure_server(ServerPid). + %% test connecting and disconnecting client + connect_and_disconnect(Config) -> + ServerPid = ?config(server_pid, Config), + {ok,SessionId} = my_server:connect(ServerPid), + ok = my_server:disconnect(ServerPid, SessionId). - %% test connecting and disconnecting client - connect_and_disconnect(Config) -> - ServerPid = ?config(server_pid, Config), - {ok,SessionId} = my_server:connect(ServerPid), - ok = my_server:disconnect(ServerPid, SessionId). + %%% common functions... - %%% common functions... + start_server() -> + {ok,ServerPid} = my_server:start(), + ServerPid. - start_server() -> - {ok,ServerPid} = my_server:start(), - ServerPid. + stop_server(ServerPid) -> + ok = my_server:stop(), + ok. - stop_server(ServerPid) -> - ok = my_server:stop(), - ok. + configure_server(ServerPid) -> + ServerCfgData = ct:get_config(my_server_cfg), + ok = my_server:configure(ServerPid, ServerCfgData), + ok.</pre> - configure_server(ServerPid) -> - ServerCfgData = ct:get_config(my_server_cfg), - ok = my_server:configure(ServerPid, ServerCfgData), - ok. - </pre> </section> <section> <marker id="save_config"></marker> - <title>Saving configuration data</title> + <title>Saving Configuration Data</title> - <p>There might be situations where it is impossible, or infeasible at least, to - implement independent test cases. Maybe it is simply not possible to read the - SUT state. Maybe resetting the SUT is impossible and it takes much too long + <p>Sometimes it is impossible, or infeasible, to + implement independent test cases. Maybe it is not possible to read the + SUT state. Maybe resetting the SUT is impossible and it takes too long time to restart the system. In situations where test case dependency is necessary, CT offers a structured way to carry data from one test case to the next. The - same mechanism may also be used to carry data from one test suite to the next.</p> + same mechanism can also be used to carry data from one test suite to the next.</p> <p>The mechanism for passing data is called <c>save_config</c>. The idea is that - one test case (or suite) may save the current value of Config - or any list of - key-value tuples - so that it can be read by the next executing test case - (or test suite). The configuration data is not saved permanently but can only - be passed from one case (or suite) to the next.</p> + one test case (or suite) can save the current value of <c>Config</c>, or any list of + key-value tuples, so that the next executing test case (or test suite) can read it. + The configuration data is not saved permanently but can only be passed from one + case (or suite) to the next.</p> - <p>To save <c>Config</c> data, return the tuple:</p> + <p>To save <c>Config</c> data, return tuple <c>{save_config,ConfigList}</c> + from <c>end_per_testcase</c> or from the main test case function.</p> - <p><c>{save_config,ConfigList}</c></p> - - <p>from <c>end_per_testcase</c> or from the main test case function. To read data - saved by a previous test case, use the <c>config</c> macro with a - <c>saved_config</c> key:</p> + <p>To read data saved by a previous test case, use macro <c>config</c> with a + <c>saved_config</c> key as follows:</p> <p><c>{Saver,ConfigList} = ?config(saved_config, Config)</c></p> <p><c>Saver</c> (<c>atom()</c>) is the name of the previous test case (where the - data was saved). The <c>config</c> macro may be used to extract particular data + data was saved). The <c>config</c> macro can be used to extract particular data also from the recalled <c>ConfigList</c>. It is strongly recommended that <c>Saver</c> is always matched to the expected name of the saving test case. - This way problems due to restructuring of the test suite may be avoided. Also it - makes the dependency more explicit and the test suite easier to read and maintain.</p> + This way, problems because of restructuring of the test suite can be avoided. + Also, it makes the dependency more explicit and the test suite easier to read + and maintain.</p> <p>To pass data from one test suite to another, the same mechanism is used. The data - should be saved by the <c>end_per_suite</c> function and read by <c>init_per_suite</c> + is to be saved by finction + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:end_per_suite-1"><c>end_per_suite</c></seealso> + and read by function + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:init_per_suite-1"><c>init_per_suite</c></seealso> in the suite that follows. When passing data between suites, <c>Saver</c> carries the name of the test suite.</p> - <p>Example:</p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <pre> - -module(server_b_SUITE). - -compile(export_all). - -include_lib("ct.hrl"). - - %%% init and end functions... - - init_per_suite(Config) -> - %% read config saved by previous test suite - {server_a_SUITE,OldConfig} = ?config(saved_config, Config), - %% extract server identity (comes from server_a_SUITE) - ServerId = ?config(server_id, OldConfig), - SessionId = connect_to_server(ServerId), - [{ids,{ServerId,SessionId}} | Config]. - - end_per_suite(Config) -> - %% save config for server_c_SUITE (session_id and server_id) - {save_config,Config} - - %%% test cases... - - all() -> [allocate, deallocate]. - - allocate(Config) -> - {ServerId,SessionId} = ?config(ids, Config), - {ok,Handle} = allocate_resource(ServerId, SessionId), - %% save handle for deallocation test - NewConfig = [{handle,Handle}], - {save_config,NewConfig}. - - deallocate(Config) -> - {ServerId,SessionId} = ?config(ids, Config), - {allocate,OldConfig} = ?config(saved_config, Config), - Handle = ?config(handle, OldConfig), - ok = deallocate_resource(ServerId, SessionId, Handle). - </pre> - - <p>It is also possible to save <c>Config</c> data from a test case that is to be - skipped. To accomplish this, return the following tuple:</p> - - <p><c>{skip_and_save,Reason,ConfigList}</c></p> - - <p>The result will be that the test case is skipped with <c>Reason</c> printed to - the log file (as described in previous chapters), and <c>ConfigList</c> is saved - for the next test case. <c>ConfigList</c> may be read by means of - <c>?config(saved_config, Config)</c>, as described above. <c>skip_and_save</c> - may also be returned from <c>init_per_suite</c>, in which case the saved data can + -module(server_b_SUITE). + -compile(export_all). + -include_lib("ct.hrl"). + + %%% init and end functions... + + init_per_suite(Config) -> + %% read config saved by previous test suite + {server_a_SUITE,OldConfig} = ?config(saved_config, Config), + %% extract server identity (comes from server_a_SUITE) + ServerId = ?config(server_id, OldConfig), + SessionId = connect_to_server(ServerId), + [{ids,{ServerId,SessionId}} | Config]. + + end_per_suite(Config) -> + %% save config for server_c_SUITE (session_id and server_id) + {save_config,Config} + + %%% test cases... + + all() -> [allocate, deallocate]. + + allocate(Config) -> + {ServerId,SessionId} = ?config(ids, Config), + {ok,Handle} = allocate_resource(ServerId, SessionId), + %% save handle for deallocation test + NewConfig = [{handle,Handle}], + {save_config,NewConfig}. + + deallocate(Config) -> + {ServerId,SessionId} = ?config(ids, Config), + {allocate,OldConfig} = ?config(saved_config, Config), + Handle = ?config(handle, OldConfig), + ok = deallocate_resource(ServerId, SessionId, Handle).</pre> + + <p>To save <c>Config</c> data from a test case that is to be + skipped, return tuple + <c>{skip_and_save,Reason,ConfigList}</c>.</p> + + <p>The result is that the test case is skipped with <c>Reason</c> printed to + the log file (as described earlier) and <c>ConfigList</c> is saved + for the next test case. <c>ConfigList</c> can be read using + <c>?config(saved_config, Config)</c>, as described earlier. <c>skip_and_save</c> + can also be returned from <c>init_per_suite</c>. In this case, the saved data can be read by <c>init_per_suite</c> in the suite that follows.</p> </section> @@ -251,60 +254,63 @@ <marker id="sequences"></marker> <title>Sequences</title> - <p>It is possible that test cases depend on each other so that - if one case fails, the following test(s) should not be executed. + <p>Sometimes test cases depend on each other so that + if one case fails, the following tests are not to be executed. Typically, if the <c>save_config</c> facility is used and a test case that is expected to save data crashes, the following - case can not run. CT offers a way to declare such dependencies, + case cannot run. <c>Common Test</c> offers a way to declare such dependencies, called sequences.</p> <p>A sequence of test cases is defined as a test case group - with a <c>sequence</c> property. Test case groups are defined by - means of the <c>groups/0</c> function in the test suite (see the - <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups">Test case groups</seealso> - chapter for details).</p> - - <p>For example, if we would like to make sure that if <c>allocate</c> - in <c>server_b_SUITE</c> (above) crashes, <c>deallocate</c> is skipped, - we may define a sequence like this:</p> + with a <c>sequence</c> property. Test case groups are defined + through function <c>groups/0</c> in the test suite (for details, see section + <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups">Test Case Groups</seealso>.</p> + + <p>For example, to ensure that if <c>allocate</c> + in <c>server_b_SUITE</c> crashes, <c>deallocate</c> is skipped, + the following sequence can be defined:</p> <pre> - groups() -> [{alloc_and_dealloc, [sequence], [alloc,dealloc]}].</pre> + groups() -> [{alloc_and_dealloc, [sequence], [alloc,dealloc]}].</pre> - <p>Let's also assume the suite contains the test case <c>get_resource_status</c>, - which is independent of the other two cases, then the <c>all</c> function could - look like this:</p> + <p>Assume that the suite contains the test case <c>get_resource_status</c> + that is independent of the other two cases, then function <c>all</c> can + look as follows:</p> <pre> - all() -> [{group,alloc_and_dealloc}, get_resource_status].</pre> + all() -> [{group,alloc_and_dealloc}, get_resource_status].</pre> <p>If <c>alloc</c> succeeds, <c>dealloc</c> is also executed. If <c>alloc</c> fails - however, <c>dealloc</c> is not executed but marked as SKIPPED in the html log. - <c>get_resource_status</c> will run no matter what happens to the <c>alloc_and_dealloc</c> + however, <c>dealloc</c> is not executed but marked as <c>SKIPPED</c> in the HTML log. + <c>get_resource_status</c> runs no matter what happens to the <c>alloc_and_dealloc</c> cases.</p> - <p>Test cases in a sequence will be executed in order until they have all succeeded or - until one case fails. If one fails, all following cases in the sequence are skipped. - The cases in the sequence that have succeeded up to that point are reported as successful - in the log. An arbitrary number of sequences may be specified. Example:</p> + <p>Test cases in a sequence are executed in order until all succeed or + one fails. If one fails, all following cases in the sequence are skipped. + The cases in the sequence that have succeeded up to that point are reported as + successful in the log. Any number of sequences can be specified.</p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <pre> - groups() -> [{scenarioA, [sequence], [testA1, testA2]}, - {scenarioB, [sequence], [testB1, testB2, testB3]}]. - - all() -> [test1, - test2, - {group,scenarioA}, - test3, - {group,scenarioB}, - test4].</pre> - - <p>It is possible to have sub-groups in a sequence group. Such sub-groups can have - any property, i.e. they are not required to also be sequences. If you want the status - of the sub-group to affect the sequence on the level above, return - <c>{return_group_result,Status}</c> from <c>end_per_group/2</c>, as described in the - <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#repeated_groups">Repeated groups</seealso> - chapter. A failed sub-group (<c>Status == failed</c>) will cause the execution of a + groups() -> [{scenarioA, [sequence], [testA1, testA2]}, + {scenarioB, [sequence], [testB1, testB2, testB3]}]. + + all() -> [test1, + test2, + {group,scenarioA}, + test3, + {group,scenarioB}, + test4].</pre> + + <p>A sequence group can have subgroups. Such subgroups can have + any property, that is, they are not required to also be sequences. If you want the + status of the subgroup to affect the sequence on the level above, return + <c>{return_group_result,Status}</c> from + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:end_per_group-2"><c>end_per_group/2</c></seealso>, + as described in section + <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#repeated_groups">Repeated Groups</seealso> + in Writing Test Suites. + A failed subgroup (<c>Status == failed</c>) causes the execution of a sequence to fail in the same way a test case does.</p> </section> </chapter> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/event_handler_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/event_handler_chapter.xml index 78e5bb5e70..31128a7114 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/event_handler_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/event_handler_chapter.xml @@ -33,144 +33,171 @@ <section> <marker id="event_handling"></marker> <title>General</title> - <p>It is possible for the operator of a Common Test system to receive - event notifications continously during a test run. It is reported e.g. - when a test case starts and stops, what the current count of successful, - failed and skipped cases is, etc. This information can be used for - different purposes such as logging progress and results on - other format than HTML, saving statistics to a database for report - generation and test system supervision.</p> - - <p>Common Test has a framework for event handling which is based on - the OTP event manager concept and gen_event behaviour. When the Common Test - server starts, it spawns an event manager. During test execution the - manager gets a notification from the server every time something - of potential interest happens. Any event handler plugged into the - event manager can match on events of interest, take action, or maybe - simply pass the information on. Event handlers are Erlang modules - implemented by the Common Test user according to the gen_event - behaviour (see the OTP User's Guide and Reference Manual for more - information).</p> - - <p>As already described, a Common Test server always starts an event manager. - The server also plugs in a default event handler which has as its only - purpose to relay notifications to a globally registered CT Master - event manager (if a CT Master server is running in the system). - The CT Master also spawns an event manager at startup. - Event handlers plugged into this manager will receive the events from - all the test nodes as well as information from the CT Master server - itself.</p> - - <p>User specific event handlers may be plugged into a Common Test event - manager, either by telling Common Test to install them before the test - run (see below), or by adding the handlers dynamically during the test - run by means of - <c>gen_event:add_handler/3</c> or <c>gen_event:add_sup_handler/3</c>. - In the latter scenario, the reference of the Common Test event manager is - required. To get it, call <c>ct:get_event_mgr_ref/0</c> or (on the CT - Master node) <c>ct_master:get_event_mgr_ref/0</c>.</p> + <p>The operator of a <c>Common Test</c> system can receive + event notifications continuously during a test run. For example, + <c>Common Test</c> reports when a test case starts and stops, + the current count of successful, failed, and skipped cases, and so on. + This information can be used for different purposes such as logging progress + and results in another format than HTML, saving statistics to a database + for report generation, and test system supervision.</p> + + <p><c>Common Test</c> has a framework for event handling based on + the OTP event manager concept and <c>gen_event</c> behavior. + When the <c>Common Test</c> server starts, it spawns an event manager. + During test execution the manager gets a notification from the server + when something of potential interest happens. Any event handler plugged into + the event manager can match on events of interest, take action, or + pass the information on. The event handlers are Erlang modules + implemented by the <c>Common Test</c> user according to the <c>gen_event</c> + behavior (for details, see module + <seealso marker="stdlib:gen_event"><c>stdlib:gen_event</c></seealso> and + section + <seealso marker="doc/design_principles:events"><c>gen_event Behaviour</c></seealso> + in OTP Design Principles in the System Documentation). + </p> + + <p>A <c>Common Test</c> server always starts an event manager. + The server also plugs in a default event handler, which only + purpose is to relay notifications to a globally registered <c>Common Test</c> + Master event manager (if a <c>Common Test</c> Master server is running in the system). + The <c>Common Test</c> Master also spawns an event manager at startup. + Event handlers plugged into this manager receives the events from + all the test nodes, plus information from the <c>Common Test</c> Master server. + </p> + + <p>User-specific event handlers can be plugged into a <c>Common Test</c> event + manager, either by telling <c>Common Test</c> to install them before the test + run (described later), or by adding the handlers dynamically during the test + run using + <seealso marker="stdlib:gen_event#add_handler-3"><c>stdlib:gen_event:add_handler/3</c></seealso> or + <seealso marker="stdlib:gen_event#add_sup_handler-3"><c>stdlib:gen_event:add_sup_handler/3</c></seealso>. + In the latter scenario, the reference of the <c>Common Test</c> event manager is + required. To get it, call + <seealso marker="ct#get_event_mgr_ref-0"><c>ct:get_event_mgr_ref/0</c></seealso> + or (on the <c>Common Test</c> Master node) + <seealso marker="ct_master#get_event_mgr_ref-0"><c>ct_master:get_event_mgr_ref/0</c></seealso>.</p> </section> <section> <marker id="usage"></marker> - <title>Usage</title> - <p>Event handlers may be installed by means of an <c>event_handler</c> - start flag (<c>ct_run</c>) or option (<seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>), where the - argument specifies the names of one or more event handler modules. - Example:</p> + <title>Use</title> + <p>Event handlers can be installed by an <c>event_handler</c> start flag + (<seealso marker="ct_run"><c>ct_run</c></seealso>) or option + <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>, where the + argument specifies the names of one or more event handler modules.</p> + + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <p><c>$ ct_run -suite test/my_SUITE -event_handler handlers/my_evh1 handlers/my_evh2 -pa $PWD/handlers</c></p> - <p>Use the <c><![CDATA[ct_run -event_handler_init]]></c> option instead of - <c><![CDATA[-event_handler]]></c> to pass start arguments to the event handler - init function.</p> - <p>All event handler modules must have gen_event behaviour. Note also that - these modules must be precompiled, and that their locations must be - added explicitly to the Erlang code server search path (like in the - example).</p> - <p>An event_handler tuple in the argument <c>Opts</c> has the following - definition (see also <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso> in the reference manual):</p> + <p>To pass start arguments to the event handler init function, use option + <c><![CDATA[ct_run -event_handler_init]]></c> instead of + <c><![CDATA[-event_handler]]></c>.</p> + + <note><p>All event handler modules must have <c>gen_event</c> behavior. + These modules must be precompiled and their locations must be + added explicitly to the Erlang code server search path (as in the previous + example).</p></note> + + <p>An event_handler tuple in argument <c>Opts</c> has the following definition + (see <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>):</p> <pre> - {event_handler,EventHandlers} + {event_handler,EventHandlers} - EventHandlers = EH | [EH] - EH = atom() | {atom(),InitArgs} | {[atom()],InitArgs} - InitArgs = [term()]</pre> + EventHandlers = EH | [EH] + EH = atom() | {atom(),InitArgs} | {[atom()],InitArgs} + InitArgs = [term()]</pre> - <p>Example:</p> + <p>In the following example, two event handlers for the <c>my_SUITE</c> test are installed:</p> <pre> - 1> ct:run_test([{suite,"test/my_SUITE"},{event_handler,[my_evh1,{my_evh2,[node()]}]}]).</pre> - <p>This will install two event handlers for the <c>my_SUITE</c> test. Event handler - <c>my_evh1</c> is started with <c>[]</c> as argument to the init function. Event handler - <c>my_evh2</c> is started with the name of the current node in the init argument list.</p> + 1> ct:run_test([{suite,"test/my_SUITE"},{event_handler,[my_evh1,{my_evh2,[node()]}]}]).</pre> + <p>Event handler <c>my_evh1</c> is started with <c>[]</c> as argument to the init function. + Event handler <c>my_evh2</c> is started with the name of the current node in the init argument list.</p> - <p>Event handlers can also be plugged in by means of + <p>Event handlers can also be plugged in using one of the following <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">test specification</seealso> terms:</p> - - <p><c>{event_handler, EventHandlers}</c>, or</p> - <p><c>{event_handler, EventHandlers, InitArgs}</c>, or</p> - <p><c>{event_handler, NodeRefs, EventHandlers}</c>, or</p> - <p><c>{event_handler, NodeRefs, EventHandlers, InitArgs}</c></p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item><c>{event_handler, EventHandlers}</c></item> + <item><c>{event_handler, EventHandlers, InitArgs}</c></item> + <item><c>{event_handler, NodeRefs, EventHandlers}</c></item> + <item><c>{event_handler, NodeRefs, EventHandlers, InitArgs}</c></item> + </list> <p><c>EventHandlers</c> is a list of module names. Before a test session starts, the init function of each plugged in event handler - is called (with the InitArgs list as argument or [] if - no start arguments are given).</p> + is called (with the <c>InitArgs</c> list as argument or <c>[]</c> if + no start arguments are specified).</p> - <p>To plug a handler into the CT Master event manager, specify + <p>To plug in a handler to the <c>Common Test</c> Master event manager, specify <c>master</c> as the node in <c>NodeRefs</c>.</p> - <p>For an event handler to be able to match on events, the module must + <p>To be able to match on events, the event handler module must include the header file <c>ct_event.hrl</c>. An event is a record with the following definition:</p> <p><c>#event{name, node, data}</c></p> - <p><c>name</c> is the label (type) of the event. <c>node</c> is the name of the - node the event has originated from (only relevant for CT Master event handlers). - <c>data</c> is specific for the particular event.</p> + <taglist> + <tag><c>name</c></tag> + <item><p>Label (type) of the event.</p></item> + <tag><c>node</c></tag> + <item><p>Name of the node that the event originated from + (only relevant for <c>Common Test</c> Master event handlers).</p></item> + <tag><c>data</c></tag> + <item><p>Specific for the event.</p></item> + </taglist> + <marker id="events"></marker> - <p><em>General events:</em></p> + <section> + <title>General Events</title> - <list> - <item><c>#event{name = start_logging, data = LogDir}</c> - <p><c>LogDir = string()</c>, top level log directory for the test run.</p> - <p>Indicates that the logging process of Common Test - has started successfully and is ready to receive IO + <p>The general events are as follows:</p> + + <taglist> + <tag><c>#event{name = start_logging, data = LogDir}</c></tag> + <item> + <p><c>LogDir = string()</c>, top-level log directory for the test run.</p> + <p>This event indicates that the logging process of <c>Common Test</c> + has started successfully and is ready to receive I/O messages.</p></item> - <item><c>#event{name = stop_logging, data = []}</c> - <p>Indicates that the logging process of Common Test - has been shut down at the end of the test run. + <tag><c>#event{name = stop_logging, data = []}</c></tag> + <item> + <p>This event indicates that the logging process of <c>Common Test</c> + was shut down at the end of the test run. </p></item> - <item><c>#event{name = test_start, data = {StartTime,LogDir}}</c> + <tag><c>#event{name = test_start, data = {StartTime,LogDir}}</c></tag> + <item> <p><c>StartTime = {date(),time()}</c>, test run start date and time.</p> - <p><c>LogDir = string()</c>, top level log directory for the test run.</p> - <p>This event indicates that Common Test has finished initial preparations - and will begin executing test cases. + <p><c>LogDir = string()</c>, top-level log directory for the test run.</p> + <p>This event indicates that <c>Common Test</c> has finished initial preparations + and begins executing test cases. </p></item> - <item><c>#event{name = test_done, data = EndTime}</c> + <tag><c>#event{name = test_done, data = EndTime}</c></tag> + <item> <p><c>EndTime = {date(),time()}</c>, date and time the test run finished.</p> - <p>This indicates that the last test case has been executed and - Common Test is shutting down. + <p>This event indicates that the last test case has been executed and + <c>Common Test</c> is shutting down. </p></item> - <item><c>#event{name = start_info, data = {Tests,Suites,Cases}}</c> - <p><c>Tests = integer()</c>, the number of tests.</p> - <p><c>Suites = integer()</c>, the total number of suites.</p> - <p><c>Cases = integer() | unknown</c>, the total number of test cases.</p> - <p>Initial test run information that can be interpreted as: "This test - run will execute <c>Tests</c> separate tests, in total containing + <tag><c>#event{name = start_info, data = {Tests,Suites,Cases}}</c></tag> + <item> + <p><c>Tests = integer()</c>, number of tests.</p> + <p><c>Suites = integer()</c>, total number of suites.</p> + <p><c>Cases = integer() | unknown</c>, total number of test cases.</p> + <p>This event gives initial test run information that can be interpreted as: + "This test run will execute <c>Tests</c> separate tests, in total containing <c>Cases</c> number of test cases, in <c>Suites</c> number of suites". - Note that if a test case group with a repeat property exists in any test, - the total number of test cases can not be calculated (unknown). + However, if a test case group with a repeat property exists in any test, + the total number of test cases cannot be calculated (unknown). </p></item> - <item><c>#event{name = tc_start, data = {Suite,FuncOrGroup}}</c> + <tag><c>#event{name = tc_start, data = {Suite,FuncOrGroup}}</c></tag> + <item> <p><c>Suite = atom()</c>, name of the test suite.</p> <p><c>FuncOrGroup = Func | {Conf,GroupName,GroupProperties}</c></p> <p><c>Func = atom()</c>, name of test case or configuration function.</p> @@ -180,23 +207,24 @@ <p>This event informs about the start of a test case, or a group configuration function. The event is sent also for <c>init_per_suite</c> and <c>end_per_suite</c>, but not for <c>init_per_testcase</c> and <c>end_per_testcase</c>. If a group - configuration function is starting, the group name and execution properties - are also given. + configuration function starts, the group name and execution properties + are also specified. </p></item> - <item><c>#event{name = tc_logfile, data = {{Suite,Func},LogFileName}}</c> + <tag><c>#event{name = tc_logfile, data = {{Suite,Func},LogFileName}}</c></tag> + <item> <p><c>Suite = atom()</c>, name of the test suite.</p> <p><c>Func = atom()</c>, name of test case or configuration function.</p> - <p><c>LogFileName = string()</c>, full name of test case log file.</p> + <p><c>LogFileName = string()</c>, full name of the test case log file.</p> <p>This event is sent at the start of each test case (and configuration function except <c>init/end_per_testcase</c>) and carries information about the - full name (i.e. the file name including the absolute directory path) of + full name (that is, the file name including the absolute directory path) of the current test case log file. </p></item> + <tag><c>#event{name = tc_done, data = {Suite,FuncOrGroup,Result}}</c></tag> <item> - <marker id="tc_done"/> - <c>#event{name = tc_done, data = {Suite,FuncOrGroup,Result}}</c> + <marker id="tc_done"/> <p><c>Suite = atom()</c>, name of the suite.</p> <p><c>FuncOrGroup = Func | {Conf,GroupName,GroupProperties}</c></p> <p><c>Func = atom()</c>, name of test case or configuration function.</p> @@ -211,34 +239,37 @@ {require_failed_in_suite0,RequireInfo} | {failed,{Suite,init_per_testcase,FailInfo}} | UserTerm</c>, - the reason why the case has been skipped.</p> + why the case was skipped.</p> <marker id="failreason"/> <p><c>FailReason = {error,FailInfo} | {error,{RunTimeError,StackTrace}} | {timetrap_timeout,integer()} | {failed,{Suite,end_per_testcase,FailInfo}}</c>, reason for failure.</p> - <p><c>RequireInfo = {not_available,atom() | tuple()}</c>, why require has failed.</p> + <p><c>RequireInfo = {not_available,atom() | tuple()}</c>, why require failed.</p> <p><c>FailInfo = {timetrap_timeout,integer()} | {RunTimeError,StackTrace} | UserTerm</c>, - detailed information about an error.</p> - <p><c>RunTimeError = term()</c>, a run-time error, e.g. badmatch, undef, etc.</p> - <p><c>StackTrace = list()</c>, list of function calls preceeding a run-time error.</p> - <p><c>UserTerm = term()</c>, arbitrary data specified by user, or <c>exit/1</c> info.</p> - <p>This event informs about the end of a test case or a configuration function (see the - <c>tc_start</c> event for details on the FuncOrGroup element). With this event comes the - final result of the function in question. It is possible to determine on the top level - of <c>Result</c> if the function was successful, skipped (by the user), or if it failed. - It is of course possible to dig deeper and also perform pattern matching on the various - reasons for skipped or failed. Note that <c>{'EXIT',Reason}</c> tuples have been translated into - <c>{error,Reason}</c>. Note also that if a <c>{failed,{Suite,end_per_testcase,FailInfo}</c> - result is received, it actually means the test case was successful, but that + error details.</p> + <p><c>RunTimeError = term()</c>, a runtime error, for example, + <c>badmatch</c> or <c>undef</c>.</p> + <p><c>StackTrace = list()</c>, list of function calls preceding a runtime error.</p> + <p><c>UserTerm = term()</c>, any data specified by user, or <c>exit/1</c> information.</p> + <p>This event informs about the end of a test case or a configuration function (see event + <c>tc_start</c> for details on element <c>FuncOrGroup</c>). With this event + comes the final result of the function in question. It is possible to determine on the + top level of <c>Result</c> if the function was successful, skipped (by the user), + or if it failed.</p> + <p>It is also possible to dig deeper and, for example, perform pattern matching + on the various reasons for skipped or failed. Notice that <c>{'EXIT',Reason}</c> tuples + are translated into <c>{error,Reason}</c>. + Notice also that if a <c>{failed,{Suite,end_per_testcase,FailInfo}</c> + result is received, the test case was successful, but <c>end_per_testcase</c> for the case failed. </p></item> + <tag><c>#event{name = tc_auto_skip, data = {Suite,TestName,Reason}}</c></tag> <item> <marker id="tc_auto_skip"></marker> - <c>#event{name = tc_auto_skip, data = {Suite,TestName,Reason}}</c> <p><c>Suite = atom()</c>, the name of the suite.</p> <p><c>TestName = init_per_suite | end_per_suite | {init_per_group,GroupName} | {end_per_group,GroupName} | @@ -247,101 +278,116 @@ <p><c>GroupName = atom()</c>, the name of the test case group.</p> <p><c>Reason = {failed,FailReason} | {require_failed_in_suite0,RequireInfo}</c>, - reason for auto skipping <c>Func</c>.</p> + reason for auto-skipping <c>Func</c>.</p> <p><c>FailReason = {Suite,ConfigFunc,FailInfo}} | {Suite,FailedCaseInSequence}</c>, reason for failure.</p> - <p><c>RequireInfo = {not_available,atom() | tuple()}</c>, why require has failed.</p> + <p><c>RequireInfo = {not_available,atom() | tuple()}</c>, why require failed.</p> <p><c>ConfigFunc = init_per_suite | init_per_group</c></p> <p><c>FailInfo = {timetrap_timeout,integer()} | {RunTimeError,StackTrace} | bad_return | UserTerm</c>, - detailed information about an error.</p> - <p><c>FailedCaseInSequence = atom()</c>, name of a case that has failed in a sequence.</p> - <p><c>RunTimeError = term()</c>, a run-time error, e.g. badmatch, undef, etc.</p> - <p><c>StackTrace = list()</c>, list of function calls preceeding a run-time error.</p> - <p><c>UserTerm = term()</c>, arbitrary data specified by user, or <c>exit/1</c> info.</p> - <p>This event gets sent for every test case or configuration function that Common Test + error details.</p> + <p><c>FailedCaseInSequence = atom()</c>, the name of a case that failed in a sequence.</p> + <p><c>RunTimeError = term()</c>, a runtime error, for example <c>badmatch</c> or + <c>undef</c>.</p> + <p><c>StackTrace = list()</c>, list of function calls preceeding a runtime error.</p> + <p><c>UserTerm = term()</c>, any data specified by user, or <c>exit/1</c> information.</p> + <p>This event is sent for every test case or configuration function that <c>Common Test</c> has skipped automatically because of either a failed <c>init_per_suite</c> or <c>init_per_group</c>, a failed <c>require</c> in <c>suite/0</c>, or a failed test case - in a sequence. Note that this event is never received as a result of a test case getting - skipped because of <c>init_per_testcase</c> failing, since that information is carried with - the <c>tc_done</c> event. If a failed test case belongs to a test case group, the second - data element is a tuple <c>{FuncName,GroupName}</c>, otherwise simply the function name. + in a sequence. Notice that this event is never received as a result of a test case getting + skipped because of <c>init_per_testcase</c> failing, as that information is carried with + event <c>tc_done</c>. If a failed test case belongs to a test case group, the second + data element is a tuple <c>{FuncName,GroupName}</c>, otherwise only the function name. </p></item> + <tag><c>#event{name = tc_user_skip, data = {Suite,TestName,Comment}}</c></tag> <item> - <marker id="tc_user_skip"></marker> - <c>#event{name = tc_user_skip, data = {Suite,TestName,Comment}}</c> + <marker id="tc_user_skip"></marker> <p><c>Suite = atom()</c>, the name of the suite.</p> <p><c>TestName = init_per_suite | end_per_suite | {init_per_group,GroupName} | {end_per_group,GroupName} | {FuncName,GroupName} | FuncName</c></p> <p><c>FuncName = atom()</c>, the name of the test case or configuration function.</p> <p><c>GroupName = atom()</c>, the name of the test case group.</p> - <p><c>Comment = string()</c>, reason for skipping the test case.</p> - <p>This event specifies that a test case has been skipped by the user. - It is only ever received if the skip was declared in a test specification. + <p><c>Comment = string()</c>, why the test case was skipped.</p> + <p>This event specifies that a test case was skipped by the user. + It is only received if the skip is declared in a test specification. Otherwise, user skip information is received as a <c>{skipped,SkipReason}</c> - result in the <c>tc_done</c> event for the test case. If a skipped test case belongs + result in event <c>tc_done</c> for the test case. If a skipped test case belongs to a test case group, the second data element is a tuple <c>{FuncName,GroupName}</c>, - otherwise simply the function name. + otherwise only the function name. </p></item> - <item><c>#event{name = test_stats, data = {Ok,Failed,Skipped}}</c> - <p><c>Ok = integer()</c>, the current number of successful test cases.</p> - <p><c>Failed = integer()</c>, the current number of failed test cases.</p> + <tag><c>#event{name = test_stats, data = {Ok,Failed,Skipped}}</c></tag> + <item> + <p><c>Ok = integer()</c>, current number of successful test cases.</p> + <p><c>Failed = integer()</c>, current number of failed test cases.</p> <p><c>Skipped = {UserSkipped,AutoSkipped}</c></p> - <p><c>UserSkipped = integer()</c>, the current number of user skipped test cases.</p> - <p><c>AutoSkipped = integer()</c>, the current number of auto skipped test cases.</p> - <p>This is a statistics event with the current count of successful, skipped - and failed test cases so far. This event gets sent after the end of each test case, - immediately following the <c>tc_done</c> event. + <p><c>UserSkipped = integer()</c>, current number of user-skipped test cases.</p> + <p><c>AutoSkipped = integer()</c>, current number of auto-skipped test cases.</p> + <p>This is a statistics event with current count of successful, skipped, + and failed test cases so far. This event is sent after the end of each test case, + immediately following event <c>tc_done</c>. </p></item> - </list> + </taglist> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Internal Events</title> - <p><em>Internal events:</em></p> + <p>The internal events are as follows:</p> - <list> - <item><c>#event{name = start_make, data = Dir}</c> + <taglist> + <tag><c>#event{name = start_make, data = Dir}</c></tag> + <item> <p><c>Dir = string()</c>, running make in this directory.</p> - <p>An internal event saying that Common Test will start compiling + <p>This internal event says that <c>Common Test</c> starts compiling modules in directory <c>Dir</c>. </p></item> - <item><c>#event{name = finished_make, data = Dir}</c> + <tag><c>#event{name = finished_make, data = Dir}</c></tag> + <item> <p><c>Dir = string()</c>, finished running make in this directory.</p> - <p>An internal event saying that Common Test is finished compiling + <p>This internal event says that <c>Common Test</c> is finished compiling modules in directory <c>Dir</c>. </p></item> - <item><c>#event{name = start_write_file, data = FullNameFile}</c> + <tag><c>#event{name = start_write_file, data = FullNameFile}</c></tag> + <item> <p><c>FullNameFile = string(), full name of the file.</c></p> - <p>An internal event used by the Common Test Master process to + <p>This internal event is used by the <c>Common Test</c> Master process to synchronize particular file operations. </p></item> - <item><c>#event{name = finished_write_file, data = FullNameFile}</c> + <tag><c>#event{name = finished_write_file, data = FullNameFile}</c></tag> + <item> <p><c>FullNameFile = string(), full name of the file.</c></p> - <p>An internal event used by the Common Test Master process to + <p>This internal event is used by the <c>Common Test</c> Master process to synchronize particular file operations. </p></item> - </list> - + </taglist> + </section> + <section> + <title>Notes</title> + <p>The events are also documented in <c>ct_event.erl</c>. This module - may serve as an example of what an event handler for the CT event + can serve as an example of what an event handler for the <c>Common Test</c> event manager can look like.</p> - <note><p>To ensure that printouts to standard out (or printouts made with - <seealso marker="ct#log-2"><c>ct:log/2/3</c></seealso> or <seealso marker="ct:pal-2"><c>ct:pal/2/3</c></seealso>) get written to the test case log - file, and not to the Common Test framework log, you can syncronize - with the Common Test server by matching on the <c>tc_start</c> and <c>tc_done</c> - events. In the period between these events, all IO gets directed to the + <note><p>To ensure that printouts to <c>stdout</c> (or printouts made with + <seealso marker="ct#log-2"><c>ct:log/2,3</c></seealso> or + <seealso marker="ct:pal-2"><c>ct:pal,2,3</c></seealso>) get written to the test case log + file, and not to the <c>Common Test</c> framework log, you can synchronize + with the <c>Common Test</c> server by matching on evvents <c>tc_start</c> and <c>tc_done</c>. + In the period between these events, all I/O is directed to the test case log file. These events are sent synchronously to avoid potential - timing problems (e.g. that the test case log file gets closed just before - an IO message from an external process gets through). Knowing this, you - need to be careful that your <c>handle_event/2</c> callback function doesn't - stall the test execution, possibly causing unexpected behaviour as a result.</p></note> + timing problems (for example, that the test case log file is closed just before + an I/O message from an external process gets through). Knowing this, you + need to be careful that your <c>handle_event/2</c> callback function does not + stall the test execution, possibly causing unexpected behavior as a result.</p></note> + </section> </section> </chapter> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/example_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/example_chapter.xml index 8201107c04..8523c9f485 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/example_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/example_chapter.xml @@ -33,476 +33,472 @@ <marker id="top"></marker> <section> - <title>Test suite example</title> - <p>This example test suite shows some tests of a database server. + <title>Test Suite Example</title> + <p>The following example test suite shows some tests of a database server: </p> <code> --module(db_data_type_SUITE). - --include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl"). - -%% Test server callbacks --export([suite/0, all/0, - init_per_suite/1, end_per_suite/1, - init_per_testcase/2, end_per_testcase/2]). - -%% Test cases --export([string/1, integer/1]). - --define(CONNECT_STR, "DSN=sqlserver;UID=alladin;PWD=sesame"). - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% COMMON TEST CALLBACK FUNCTIONS -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: suite() -> Info -%% -%% Info = [tuple()] -%% List of key/value pairs. -%% -%% Description: Returns list of tuples to set default properties -%% for the suite. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -suite() -> - [{timetrap,{minutes,1}}]. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: init_per_suite(Config0) -> Config1 -%% -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. -%% -%% Description: Initialization before the suite. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -init_per_suite(Config) -> - {ok, Ref} = db:connect(?CONNECT_STR, []), - TableName = db_lib:unique_table_name(), - [{con_ref, Ref },{table_name, TableName}| Config]. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: end_per_suite(Config) -> term() -%% -%% Config = [tuple()] -%% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. -%% -%% Description: Cleanup after the suite. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -end_per_suite(Config) -> - Ref = ?config(con_ref, Config), - db:disconnect(Ref), - ok. + -module(db_data_type_SUITE). + + -include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl"). + + %% Test server callbacks + -export([suite/0, all/0, + init_per_suite/1, end_per_suite/1, + init_per_testcase/2, end_per_testcase/2]). + + %% Test cases + -export([string/1, integer/1]). + + -define(CONNECT_STR, "DSN=sqlserver;UID=alladin;PWD=sesame"). + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% COMMON TEST CALLBACK FUNCTIONS + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: suite() -> Info + %% + %% Info = [tuple()] + %% List of key/value pairs. + %% + %% Description: Returns list of tuples to set default properties + %% for the suite. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + suite() -> + [{timetrap,{minutes,1}}]. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: init_per_suite(Config0) -> Config1 + %% + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. + %% + %% Description: Initialization before the suite. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + init_per_suite(Config) -> + {ok, Ref} = db:connect(?CONNECT_STR, []), + TableName = db_lib:unique_table_name(), + [{con_ref, Ref },{table_name, TableName}| Config]. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: end_per_suite(Config) -> term() + %% + %% Config = [tuple()] + %% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. + %% + %% Description: Cleanup after the suite. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + end_per_suite(Config) -> + Ref = ?config(con_ref, Config), + db:disconnect(Ref), + ok. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: init_per_testcase(TestCase, Config0) -> Config1 -%% -%% TestCase = atom() -%% Name of the test case that is about to run. -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. -%% -%% Description: Initialization before each test case. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -init_per_testcase(Case, Config) -> - Ref = ?config(con_ref, Config), - TableName = ?config(table_name, Config), - ok = db:create_table(Ref, TableName, table_type(Case)), - Config. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: end_per_testcase(TestCase, Config) -> term() -%% -%% TestCase = atom() -%% Name of the test case that is finished. -%% Config = [tuple()] -%% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. -%% -%% Description: Cleanup after each test case. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -end_per_testcase(_Case, Config) -> - Ref = ?config(con_ref, Config), - TableName = ?config(table_name, Config), - ok = db:delete_table(Ref, TableName), - ok. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: all() -> GroupsAndTestCases -%% -%% GroupsAndTestCases = [{group,GroupName} | TestCase] -%% GroupName = atom() -%% Name of a test case group. -%% TestCase = atom() -%% Name of a test case. -%% -%% Description: Returns the list of groups and test cases that -%% are to be executed. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -all() -> - [string, integer]. - - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% TEST CASES -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- - -string(Config) -> - insert_and_lookup(dummy_key, "Dummy string", Config). - -integer(Config) -> - insert_and_lookup(dummy_key, 42, Config). - - -insert_and_lookup(Key, Value, Config) -> - Ref = ?config(con_ref, Config), - TableName = ?config(table_name, Config), - ok = db:insert(Ref, TableName, Key, Value), - [Value] = db:lookup(Ref, TableName, Key), - ok = db:delete(Ref, TableName, Key), - [] = db:lookup(Ref, TableName, Key), - ok. - -</code> + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: init_per_testcase(TestCase, Config0) -> Config1 + %% + %% TestCase = atom() + %% Name of the test case that is about to run. + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. + %% + %% Description: Initialization before each test case. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + init_per_testcase(Case, Config) -> + Ref = ?config(con_ref, Config), + TableName = ?config(table_name, Config), + ok = db:create_table(Ref, TableName, table_type(Case)), + Config. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: end_per_testcase(TestCase, Config) -> term() + %% + %% TestCase = atom() + %% Name of the test case that is finished. + %% Config = [tuple()] + %% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. + %% + %% Description: Cleanup after each test case. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + end_per_testcase(_Case, Config) -> + Ref = ?config(con_ref, Config), + TableName = ?config(table_name, Config), + ok = db:delete_table(Ref, TableName), + ok. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: all() -> GroupsAndTestCases + %% + %% GroupsAndTestCases = [{group,GroupName} | TestCase] + %% GroupName = atom() + %% Name of a test case group. + %% TestCase = atom() + %% Name of a test case. + %% + %% Description: Returns the list of groups and test cases that + %% are to be executed. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + all() -> + [string, integer]. + + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% TEST CASES + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + + string(Config) -> + insert_and_lookup(dummy_key, "Dummy string", Config). + + integer(Config) -> + insert_and_lookup(dummy_key, 42, Config). + + + insert_and_lookup(Key, Value, Config) -> + Ref = ?config(con_ref, Config), + TableName = ?config(table_name, Config), + ok = db:insert(Ref, TableName, Key, Value), + [Value] = db:lookup(Ref, TableName, Key), + ok = db:delete(Ref, TableName, Key), + [] = db:lookup(Ref, TableName, Key), + ok.</code> </section> <section> - <title>Test suite templates</title> - <p>The Erlang mode for the Emacs editor includes two Common Test test suite - templates, one with extensive information in the function headers, and + <title>Test Suite Templates</title> + <p>The Erlang mode for the Emacs editor includes two <c>Common Test</c> test + suite templates, one with extensive information in the function headers, and one with minimal information. A test suite template provides a quick start - for implementing a suite from scratch and gives you a good overview - of the available callback functions. Here are the templates in question: + for implementing a suite from scratch and gives a good overview + of the available callback functions. The two templates follows: </p> - <p><em>Large Common Test suite</em></p> + <p><em>Large Common Test Suite</em></p> <code> -%%%------------------------------------------------------------------- -%%% File : example_SUITE.erl -%%% Author : -%%% Description : -%%% -%%% Created : -%%%------------------------------------------------------------------- --module(example_SUITE). - -%% Note: This directive should only be used in test suites. --compile(export_all). - --include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl"). - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% COMMON TEST CALLBACK FUNCTIONS -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: suite() -> Info -%% -%% Info = [tuple()] -%% List of key/value pairs. -%% -%% Description: Returns list of tuples to set default properties -%% for the suite. -%% -%% Note: The suite/0 function is only meant to be used to return -%% default data values, not perform any other operations. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -suite() -> - [{timetrap,{minutes,10}}]. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: init_per_suite(Config0) -> -%% Config1 | {skip,Reason} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} -%% -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. -%% Reason = term() -%% The reason for skipping the suite. -%% -%% Description: Initialization before the suite. -%% -%% Note: This function is free to add any key/value pairs to the Config -%% variable, but should NOT alter/remove any existing entries. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -init_per_suite(Config) -> - Config. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: end_per_suite(Config0) -> term() | {save_config,Config1} -%% -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. -%% -%% Description: Cleanup after the suite. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -end_per_suite(_Config) -> - ok. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: init_per_group(GroupName, Config0) -> -%% Config1 | {skip,Reason} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} -%% -%% GroupName = atom() -%% Name of the test case group that is about to run. -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% A list of key/value pairs, holding configuration data for the group. -%% Reason = term() -%% The reason for skipping all test cases and subgroups in the group. -%% -%% Description: Initialization before each test case group. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -init_per_group(_GroupName, Config) -> - Config. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: end_per_group(GroupName, Config0) -> -%% term() | {save_config,Config1} -%% -%% GroupName = atom() -%% Name of the test case group that is finished. -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% A list of key/value pairs, holding configuration data for the group. -%% -%% Description: Cleanup after each test case group. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -end_per_group(_GroupName, _Config) -> - ok. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: init_per_testcase(TestCase, Config0) -> -%% Config1 | {skip,Reason} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} -%% -%% TestCase = atom() -%% Name of the test case that is about to run. -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. -%% Reason = term() -%% The reason for skipping the test case. -%% -%% Description: Initialization before each test case. -%% -%% Note: This function is free to add any key/value pairs to the Config -%% variable, but should NOT alter/remove any existing entries. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -init_per_testcase(_TestCase, Config) -> - Config. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: end_per_testcase(TestCase, Config0) -> -%% term() | {save_config,Config1} | {fail,Reason} -%% -%% TestCase = atom() -%% Name of the test case that is finished. -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. -%% Reason = term() -%% The reason for failing the test case. -%% -%% Description: Cleanup after each test case. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -end_per_testcase(_TestCase, _Config) -> - ok. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: groups() -> [Group] -%% -%% Group = {GroupName,Properties,GroupsAndTestCases} -%% GroupName = atom() -%% The name of the group. -%% Properties = [parallel | sequence | Shuffle | {RepeatType,N}] -%% Group properties that may be combined. -%% GroupsAndTestCases = [Group | {group,GroupName} | TestCase] -%% TestCase = atom() -%% The name of a test case. -%% Shuffle = shuffle | {shuffle,Seed} -%% To get cases executed in random order. -%% Seed = {integer(),integer(),integer()} -%% RepeatType = repeat | repeat_until_all_ok | repeat_until_all_fail | -%% repeat_until_any_ok | repeat_until_any_fail -%% To get execution of cases repeated. -%% N = integer() | forever -%% -%% Description: Returns a list of test case group definitions. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -groups() -> - []. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: all() -> GroupsAndTestCases | {skip,Reason} -%% -%% GroupsAndTestCases = [{group,GroupName} | TestCase] -%% GroupName = atom() -%% Name of a test case group. -%% TestCase = atom() -%% Name of a test case. -%% Reason = term() -%% The reason for skipping all groups and test cases. -%% -%% Description: Returns the list of groups and test cases that -%% are to be executed. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -all() -> - [my_test_case]. - - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% TEST CASES -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: TestCase() -> Info -%% -%% Info = [tuple()] -%% List of key/value pairs. -%% -%% Description: Test case info function - returns list of tuples to set -%% properties for the test case. -%% -%% Note: This function is only meant to be used to return a list of -%% values, not perform any other operations. -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -my_test_case() -> - []. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: TestCase(Config0) -> -%% ok | exit() | {skip,Reason} | {comment,Comment} | -%% {save_config,Config1} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} -%% -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. -%% Reason = term() -%% The reason for skipping the test case. -%% Comment = term() -%% A comment about the test case that will be printed in the html log. -%% -%% Description: Test case function. (The name of it must be specified in -%% the all/0 list or in a test case group for the test case -%% to be executed). -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -my_test_case(_Config) -> - ok. -</code> + %%%------------------------------------------------------------------- + %%% File : example_SUITE.erl + %%% Author : + %%% Description : + %%% + %%% Created : + %%%------------------------------------------------------------------- + -module(example_SUITE). + + %% Note: This directive should only be used in test suites. + -compile(export_all). + + -include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl"). + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% COMMON TEST CALLBACK FUNCTIONS + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: suite() -> Info + %% + %% Info = [tuple()] + %% List of key/value pairs. + %% + %% Description: Returns list of tuples to set default properties + %% for the suite. + %% + %% Note: The suite/0 function is only meant to be used to return + %% default data values, not perform any other operations. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + suite() -> + [{timetrap,{minutes,10}}]. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: init_per_suite(Config0) -> + %% Config1 | {skip,Reason} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} + %% + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. + %% Reason = term() + %% The reason for skipping the suite. + %% + %% Description: Initialization before the suite. + %% + %% Note: This function is free to add any key/value pairs to the Config + %% variable, but should NOT alter/remove any existing entries. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + init_per_suite(Config) -> + Config. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: end_per_suite(Config0) -> term() | {save_config,Config1} + %% + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. + %% + %% Description: Cleanup after the suite. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + end_per_suite(_Config) -> + ok. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: init_per_group(GroupName, Config0) -> + %% Config1 | {skip,Reason} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} + %% + %% GroupName = atom() + %% Name of the test case group that is about to run. + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% A list of key/value pairs, holding configuration data for the group. + %% Reason = term() + %% The reason for skipping all test cases and subgroups in the group. + %% + %% Description: Initialization before each test case group. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + init_per_group(_GroupName, Config) -> + Config. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: end_per_group(GroupName, Config0) -> + %% term() | {save_config,Config1} + %% + %% GroupName = atom() + %% Name of the test case group that is finished. + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% A list of key/value pairs, holding configuration data for the group. + %% + %% Description: Cleanup after each test case group. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + end_per_group(_GroupName, _Config) -> + ok. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: init_per_testcase(TestCase, Config0) -> + %% Config1 | {skip,Reason} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} + %% + %% TestCase = atom() + %% Name of the test case that is about to run. + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. + %% Reason = term() + %% The reason for skipping the test case. + %% + %% Description: Initialization before each test case. + %% + %% Note: This function is free to add any key/value pairs to the Config + %% variable, but should NOT alter/remove any existing entries. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + init_per_testcase(_TestCase, Config) -> + Config. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: end_per_testcase(TestCase, Config0) -> + %% term() | {save_config,Config1} | {fail,Reason} + %% + %% TestCase = atom() + %% Name of the test case that is finished. + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. + %% Reason = term() + %% The reason for failing the test case. + %% + %% Description: Cleanup after each test case. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + end_per_testcase(_TestCase, _Config) -> + ok. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: groups() -> [Group] + %% + %% Group = {GroupName,Properties,GroupsAndTestCases} + %% GroupName = atom() + %% The name of the group. + %% Properties = [parallel | sequence | Shuffle | {RepeatType,N}] + %% Group properties that may be combined. + %% GroupsAndTestCases = [Group | {group,GroupName} | TestCase] + %% TestCase = atom() + %% The name of a test case. + %% Shuffle = shuffle | {shuffle,Seed} + %% To get cases executed in random order. + %% Seed = {integer(),integer(),integer()} + %% RepeatType = repeat | repeat_until_all_ok | repeat_until_all_fail | + %% repeat_until_any_ok | repeat_until_any_fail + %% To get execution of cases repeated. + %% N = integer() | forever + %% + %% Description: Returns a list of test case group definitions. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + groups() -> + []. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: all() -> GroupsAndTestCases | {skip,Reason} + %% + %% GroupsAndTestCases = [{group,GroupName} | TestCase] + %% GroupName = atom() + %% Name of a test case group. + %% TestCase = atom() + %% Name of a test case. + %% Reason = term() + %% The reason for skipping all groups and test cases. + %% + %% Description: Returns the list of groups and test cases that + %% are to be executed. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + all() -> + [my_test_case]. + + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% TEST CASES + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: TestCase() -> Info + %% + %% Info = [tuple()] + %% List of key/value pairs. + %% + %% Description: Test case info function - returns list of tuples to set + %% properties for the test case. + %% + %% Note: This function is only meant to be used to return a list of + %% values, not perform any other operations. + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + my_test_case() -> + []. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: TestCase(Config0) -> + %% ok | exit() | {skip,Reason} | {comment,Comment} | + %% {save_config,Config1} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} + %% + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. + %% Reason = term() + %% The reason for skipping the test case. + %% Comment = term() + %% A comment about the test case that will be printed in the html log. + %% + %% Description: Test case function. (The name of it must be specified in + %% the all/0 list or in a test case group for the test case + %% to be executed). + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + my_test_case(_Config) -> + ok.</code> <br></br> - <p><em>Small Common Test suite</em></p> + <p><em>Small Common Test Suite</em></p> <code> -%%%------------------------------------------------------------------- -%%% File : example_SUITE.erl -%%% Author : -%%% Description : -%%% -%%% Created : -%%%------------------------------------------------------------------- --module(example_SUITE). - --compile(export_all). - --include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl"). - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: suite() -> Info -%% Info = [tuple()] -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -suite() -> - [{timetrap,{seconds,30}}]. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: init_per_suite(Config0) -> -%% Config1 | {skip,Reason} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% Reason = term() -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -init_per_suite(Config) -> - Config. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: end_per_suite(Config0) -> term() | {save_config,Config1} -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -end_per_suite(_Config) -> - ok. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: init_per_group(GroupName, Config0) -> -%% Config1 | {skip,Reason} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} -%% GroupName = atom() -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% Reason = term() -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -init_per_group(_GroupName, Config) -> - Config. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: end_per_group(GroupName, Config0) -> -%% term() | {save_config,Config1} -%% GroupName = atom() -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -end_per_group(_GroupName, _Config) -> - ok. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: init_per_testcase(TestCase, Config0) -> -%% Config1 | {skip,Reason} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} -%% TestCase = atom() -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% Reason = term() -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -init_per_testcase(_TestCase, Config) -> - Config. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: end_per_testcase(TestCase, Config0) -> -%% term() | {save_config,Config1} | {fail,Reason} -%% TestCase = atom() -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% Reason = term() -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -end_per_testcase(_TestCase, _Config) -> - ok. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: groups() -> [Group] -%% Group = {GroupName,Properties,GroupsAndTestCases} -%% GroupName = atom() -%% Properties = [parallel | sequence | Shuffle | {RepeatType,N}] -%% GroupsAndTestCases = [Group | {group,GroupName} | TestCase] -%% TestCase = atom() -%% Shuffle = shuffle | {shuffle,{integer(),integer(),integer()}} -%% RepeatType = repeat | repeat_until_all_ok | repeat_until_all_fail | -%% repeat_until_any_ok | repeat_until_any_fail -%% N = integer() | forever -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -groups() -> - []. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: all() -> GroupsAndTestCases | {skip,Reason} -%% GroupsAndTestCases = [{group,GroupName} | TestCase] -%% GroupName = atom() -%% TestCase = atom() -%% Reason = term() -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -all() -> - [my_test_case]. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: TestCase() -> Info -%% Info = [tuple()] -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -my_test_case() -> - []. - -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -%% Function: TestCase(Config0) -> -%% ok | exit() | {skip,Reason} | {comment,Comment} | -%% {save_config,Config1} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} -%% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] -%% Reason = term() -%% Comment = term() -%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- -my_test_case(_Config) -> - ok. -</code> + %%%------------------------------------------------------------------- + %%% File : example_SUITE.erl + %%% Author : + %%% Description : + %%% + %%% Created : + %%%------------------------------------------------------------------- + -module(example_SUITE). + + -compile(export_all). + + -include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl"). + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: suite() -> Info + %% Info = [tuple()] + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + suite() -> + [{timetrap,{seconds,30}}]. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: init_per_suite(Config0) -> + %% Config1 | {skip,Reason} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% Reason = term() + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + init_per_suite(Config) -> + Config. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: end_per_suite(Config0) -> term() | {save_config,Config1} + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + end_per_suite(_Config) -> + ok. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: init_per_group(GroupName, Config0) -> + %% Config1 | {skip,Reason} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} + %% GroupName = atom() + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% Reason = term() + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + init_per_group(_GroupName, Config) -> + Config. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: end_per_group(GroupName, Config0) -> + %% term() | {save_config,Config1} + %% GroupName = atom() + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + end_per_group(_GroupName, _Config) -> + ok. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: init_per_testcase(TestCase, Config0) -> + %% Config1 | {skip,Reason} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} + %% TestCase = atom() + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% Reason = term() + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + init_per_testcase(_TestCase, Config) -> + Config. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: end_per_testcase(TestCase, Config0) -> + %% term() | {save_config,Config1} | {fail,Reason} + %% TestCase = atom() + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% Reason = term() + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + end_per_testcase(_TestCase, _Config) -> + ok. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: groups() -> [Group] + %% Group = {GroupName,Properties,GroupsAndTestCases} + %% GroupName = atom() + %% Properties = [parallel | sequence | Shuffle | {RepeatType,N}] + %% GroupsAndTestCases = [Group | {group,GroupName} | TestCase] + %% TestCase = atom() + %% Shuffle = shuffle | {shuffle,{integer(),integer(),integer()}} + %% RepeatType = repeat | repeat_until_all_ok | repeat_until_all_fail | + %% repeat_until_any_ok | repeat_until_any_fail + %% N = integer() | forever + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + groups() -> + []. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: all() -> GroupsAndTestCases | {skip,Reason} + %% GroupsAndTestCases = [{group,GroupName} | TestCase] + %% GroupName = atom() + %% TestCase = atom() + %% Reason = term() + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + all() -> + [my_test_case]. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: TestCase() -> Info + %% Info = [tuple()] + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + my_test_case() -> + []. + + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + %% Function: TestCase(Config0) -> + %% ok | exit() | {skip,Reason} | {comment,Comment} | + %% {save_config,Config1} | {skip_and_save,Reason,Config1} + %% Config0 = Config1 = [tuple()] + %% Reason = term() + %% Comment = term() + %%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + my_test_case(_Config) -> + ok.</code> </section> </chapter> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/getting_started_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/getting_started_chapter.xml index ef9c409bf1..802f9ba397 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/getting_started_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/getting_started_chapter.xml @@ -31,235 +31,247 @@ </header> <section> - <title>Are you new around here?</title> + <title>Introduction for Newcomers</title> <p> - The purpose of this short chapter is to, with a "learning by example" - approach, give the newcomer a chance to get started quickly writing and - executing some first simple tests. The chapter will introduce some of the - basics, but leave most explanations and details for the later - chapters in this User's Guide. Hopefully though, after this chapter, you - will be inspired and unintimidated enough to go on and get into the - nitty-gritty that follows in this rather heavy User's Guide! If you're - not much into "learning by example" and prefer to get into more technical - detail right away, go ahead and skip to the next chapter. Again, the basics - presented here will be covered in detail in later chapters. + The purpose of this section is to let the newcomer get started in + quickly writing and executing some first simple tests with a + "learning by example" approach. Most explanations are left for later sections. + If you are not much into "learning by example" and prefer more technical + details, go ahead and skip to the next section. </p> <p> - This chapter also tries to demonstrate how dead simple it actually is - to write a very basic (yet for many module testing purposes, often sufficiently - complex) test suite, and execute its test cases. This is not necessarily - obvious when you read the rest of the chapters in the User's Guide. - </p> - <p> - A quick note before we start: In order to understand what's discussed and - examplified here, it is recommended that you first read through the - opening <seealso marker="basics_chapter#basics">Common Test Basics</seealso> - chapter. + This section demonstrates how simple it is to write a basic + (yet for many module testing purposes, often sufficiently complex) + test suite and execute its test cases. This is not necessarily + obvious when you read the remaining sections in this User's Guide. </p> + <note> + <p> + To understand what is discussed and examplified here, we recommended + you to first read section + <seealso marker="basics_chapter#basics">Common Test Basics</seealso>. + </p> + </note> </section> <section> - <title>Test case execution</title> - <p>Execution of test cases is handled this way:</p> + <title>Test Case Execution</title> + <p>Execution of test cases is handled as follows:</p> <image file="tc_execution.gif"> <icaption> - Successful vs unsuccessful test case execution. + Successful and Unsuccessful Test Case Execution </icaption> </image> - <p>For each test case that Common Test is told to execute, it spawns a - dedicated process on which the test case function in question starts + <p>For each test case that <c>Common Test</c> is ordered to execute, it spawns a + dedicated process on which the test case function starts running. (In parallel to the test case process, an idle waiting timer - process is started which is linked to the test case process. If the timer + process is started, which is linked to the test case process. If the timer process runs out of waiting time, it sends an exit signal to terminate - the test case process and this is what's called a <em>timetrap</em>). + the test case process. This is called a <em>timetrap</em>). </p> - <p>In scenario 1, the test case process terminates normally after case A has - finished executing its test code without detecting any errors. The test - case function simply returns a value and Common Test logs the test case as - successful. + <p>In scenario 1, the test case process terminates normally after + <c>case A</c> has finished executing its test code without detecting + any errors. The test case function returns a value and <c>Common Test</c> + logs the test case as successful. </p> - <p>In scenario 2, an error is detected during test case execution - which causes the test case B function to generate an exception. - This causes the test case process to exit with reason - other than normal, and as a result, Common Test will log this as an - unsuccessful test case. + <p>In scenario 2, an error is detected during test <c>case B</c> execution. + This causes the test <c>case B</c> function to generate an exception + and, as a result, the test case process exits with reason other than normal. + <c>Common Test</c> logs this as an unsuccessful (Failed) test case. </p> - <p>As you can understand from the illustration above, Common Test requires - that a test case generates a runtime error to indicate failure (e.g. - by causing a bad match error or by calling <c>exit/1</c>, preferrably - through the <seealso marker="ct#fail-1"><c>ct:fail/1,2</c></seealso> help function). A succesful execution is - indicated by means of a normal return from the test case function. + <p>As you can understand from the illustration, <c>Common Test</c> requires + a test case to generate a runtime error to indicate failure (for example, + by causing a bad match error or by calling <c>exit/1</c>, preferably + through the help function + <seealso marker="ct#fail-1"><c>ct:fail/1,2</c></seealso>). A successful + execution is indicated by a normal return from the test case function. </p> </section> <section> - <title>A simple test suite</title> - <p>As you've seen in the basics chapter, the test suite module implements + <title>A Simple Test Suite</title> + <p>As shown in section + <seealso marker="basics_chapter#External_Interfaces">Common Test Basics</seealso>, + the test suite module implements <seealso marker="common_test">callback functions</seealso> - (mandatory or optional) for various purposes, e.g: + (mandatory or optional) for various purposes, for example: </p> - <list> + <list type="bulleted"> <item>Init/end configuration function for the test suite</item> <item>Init/end configuration function for a test case</item> <item>Init/end configuration function for a test case group</item> <item>Test cases</item> </list> <p> - The configuration functions are optional and if you don't need them for - your test, a test suite with one simple test case could look like this: + The configuration functions are optional. The following example is a test suite + without configuration functions, including one simple test case, to + check that module <c>mymod</c> exists (that is, can be successfully loaded by the + code server): </p> <pre> - -module(my1st_SUITE). - -compile(export_all). + -module(my1st_SUITE). + -compile(export_all). - all() -> - [mod_exists]. + all() -> + [mod_exists]. - mod_exists(_) -> - {module,mymod} = code:load_file(mymod).</pre> + mod_exists(_) -> + {module,mymod} = code:load_file(mymod).</pre> <p> - In this example we check that the <c>mymod</c> module exists (i.e. can be - successfully loaded by the code server). If the operation fails, we will - get a bad match error which terminates the test case. + If the operation fails, a bad match error occurs that terminates the test case. </p> </section> <section> - <title>A test suite with configuration functions</title> + <title>A Test Suite with Configuration Functions</title> <p> - If we need to perform configuration operations in order to run our test, we - implement configuration functions in our suite. The result from a - configuration function is configuration data, or simply <em><c>Config</c></em>. - This is a list of key-value tuples which get passed from the configuration + If you need to perform configuration operations to run your test, you can + implement configuration functions in your suite. The result from a + configuration function is configuration data, or <c>Config</c>. + This is a list of key-value tuples that get passed from the configuration function to the test cases (possibly through configuration functions on - "lower level"). The data flow looks like this: + "lower level"). The data flow looks as follows: </p> <image file="config.gif"> <icaption> - Config data flow in the suite. + Configuration Data Flow in a Suite </icaption> </image> <p> - Here's an example of a test suite which uses configuration functions - to open and close a log file for the test cases (an operation that would - be unnecessary and irrelevant to perform by each test case): + The following example shows a test suite that uses configuration functions + to open and close a log file for the test cases (an operation that is + unnecessary and irrelevant to perform by each test case): </p> <pre> - -module(check_log_SUITE). - -export([all/0, init_per_suite/1, end_per_suite/1]). - -export([check_restart_result/1, check_no_errors/1]). - - -define(value(Key,Config), proplists:get_value(Key,Config)). + -module(check_log_SUITE). + -export([all/0, init_per_suite/1, end_per_suite/1]). + -export([check_restart_result/1, check_no_errors/1]). - all() -> [check_restart_result, check_no_errors]. + -define(value(Key,Config), proplists:get_value(Key,Config)). - init_per_suite(InitConfigData) -> - [{logref,open_log()} | InitConfigData]. + all() -> [check_restart_result, check_no_errors]. - end_per_suite(ConfigData) -> - close_log(?value(logref, ConfigData)). + init_per_suite(InitConfigData) -> + [{logref,open_log()} | InitConfigData]. - check_restart_result(ConfigData) -> - TestData = read_log(restart, ?value(logref, ConfigData)), - {match,_Line} = search_for("restart successful", TestData). - - check_no_errors(ConfigData) -> - TestData = read_log(all, ?value(logref, ConfigData)), - case search_for("error", TestData) of - {match,Line} -> ct:fail({error_found_in_log,Line}); - nomatch -> ok - end.</pre> + end_per_suite(ConfigData) -> + close_log(?value(logref, ConfigData)). + + check_restart_result(ConfigData) -> + TestData = read_log(restart, ?value(logref, ConfigData)), + {match,_Line} = search_for("restart successful", TestData). + + check_no_errors(ConfigData) -> + TestData = read_log(all, ?value(logref, ConfigData)), + case search_for("error", TestData) of + {match,Line} -> ct:fail({error_found_in_log,Line}); + nomatch -> ok + end.</pre> <p> - In this example we have test cases that verify, by parsing a - log file, that our SUT has performed a successful restart and - that no unexpected errors have been printed. + The test cases verify, by parsing a log file, that our SUT has performed + a successful restart and that no unexpected errors are printed. </p> - <p>To execute the test cases in the test suite above, we could type this on - the Unix/Linux command line (assuming for this example that the suite module + <p>To execute the test cases in the recent test suite, type the + following on the UNIX/Linux command line (assuming that the suite module is in the current working directory): </p> <pre> - $ ct_run -dir .</pre> - <p>or</p> + $ ct_run -dir .</pre> + <p>or:</p> <pre> - $ ct_run -suite check_log_SUITE</pre> + $ ct_run -suite check_log_SUITE</pre> - <p>If we want to use the Erlang shell to run our test, we could evaluate this call: + <p>To use the Erlang shell to run our test, you can evaluate the following call: </p> <pre> - 1> ct:run_test([{dir, "."}]).</pre> - <p>or</p> + 1> ct:run_test([{dir, "."}]).</pre> + <p>or:</p> <pre> - 1> ct:run_test([{suite, "check_log_SUITE"}]).</pre> + 1> ct:run_test([{suite, "check_log_SUITE"}]).</pre> <p> - The result from running our test is printed in log files in HTML format - (stored in unique log directories on different level). This illustration - shows the log file structure: + The result from running the test is printed in log files in HTML format + (stored in unique log directories on a different level). The following + illustration shows the log file structure: </p> <image file="html_logs.gif"> <icaption> - HTML log file structure. + HTML Log File Structure </icaption> </image> </section> <section> - <title>What happens next?</title> + <title>Questions and Answers</title> - <p>Well, you might already be asking yourself questions such as:</p> + <p>Here follows some questions that you might have after reading this section + with corresponding tips and links to the answers: + </p> - <list> - <item>"How and where can I specify variable data for my tests that mustn't - be hard-coded in the test suites (such as host names, addresses, - user login data, etc)?" The - <seealso marker="config_file_chapter#top">External Configuration Data</seealso> - chapter will give you that information. + <list type="bulleted"> + <item><p><em>Question:</em> + "How and where can I specify variable data for my tests that must not + be hard-coded in the test suites (such as hostnames, addresses, and + user login data)?"</p> + <p><em>Answer:</em> + See section <seealso marker="config_file_chapter#top">External Configuration Data</seealso>.</p> </item> - <item>"Is there a way to declare a number of different tests and run them - in one session without having to write my own scripts? And can such - declarations be used for regression testing?" The + + <item><p><em>Question:</em> "Is there a way to declare different tests and run them + in one session without having to write my own scripts? Also, can such + declarations be used for regression testing?"</p> + <p><em>Answer:</em> See section <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Test Specifications</seealso> - chapter answers these questions. + in section Running Tests and Analyzing Results. + </p> </item> - <item>"Can test cases and/or test runs be automatically repeated?" Learn more about + + <item><p><em>Question:</em> "Can test cases and/or test runs be automatically repeated?"</p> + <p><em>Answer:</em> Learn more about <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups">Test Case Groups</seealso> - and also read about start flags/options in the - <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#ct_run">Running Tests</seealso> chapter and - the Reference Manual. + and read about start flags/options in section + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#ct_run">Running Tests</seealso> and in + the Reference Manual.</p> </item> - <item>"Will Common Test execute my test cases in sequence or in parallel?" The + + <item><p><em>Question:</em> "Does <c>Common Test</c> execute my test cases in sequence or in parallel?"</p> + <p><em>Answer:</em> See <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups">Test Case Groups</seealso> - section in the Running Tests chapter will give you the answer. + in section Writing Test Suites.</p> </item> - <item>"What's the syntax for timetraps (mentioned above), and how do I set them?" - This is explained in the - <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#timetraps">Timetrap Timeouts</seealso> - part of the Writing Test Suites chapter. + + <item><p><em>Question:</em> "What is the syntax for timetraps (mentioned earlier), and how do I set them?"</p> + <p><em>Answer:</em> This is explained in the + <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#timetraps">Timetrap Time-Outs</seealso> + part of section Writing Test Suites.</p> </item> - <item>"What functions are available for logging and printing?" Check the + + <item><p><em>Question:</em> "What functions are available for logging and printing?"</p> + <p><em>Answer:</em> See <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#logging">Logging</seealso> - section in the Writing Test Suites chapter. + in section Writing Test Suites.</p> </item> - <item>"I need data files for my tests. Where do I store them preferrably?" - You should read about + + <item><p><em>Question:</em> "I need data files for my tests. Where do I store them preferably?"</p> + <p><em>Answer:</em> See <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#data_priv_dir">Data and Private - Directories</seealso> for information about this. + Directories</seealso>.</p> </item> - <item>"May I start with a test suite example, please?" - <seealso marker="example_chapter#top">Sure!</seealso> + + <item><p><em>Question:</em> "Can I start with a test suite example, please?"</p> + <p><em>Answer:</em> <seealso marker="example_chapter#top">Welcome!</seealso></p> </item> </list> - <p>You will probably want to get started on your own first test suites now, while - at the same time digging deeper into the Common Test User's Guide and Reference Manual. - You will find that there's lots more to learn about the things that have been introduced - in this chapter. You will of course also be presented many more useful features, such as the - ones listed above. Have fun! + <p>You probably want to get started on your own first test suites now, while + at the same time digging deeper into the <c>Common Test</c> User's Guide and Reference Manual. + There are much more to learn about the things that have been introduced + in this section. There are also many other useful features to learn, + so please continue to the other sections and have fun. </p> </section> </chapter> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/install_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/install_chapter.xml index 107b0e2eac..9dce1e31a4 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/install_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/install_chapter.xml @@ -32,22 +32,23 @@ <section> <marker id="general"></marker> - <title>General information</title> - - <p>The two main interfaces for running tests with Common Test - are an executable program named <c>ct_run</c> and an - erlang module named <c>ct</c>. The ct_run program - is compiled for the underlying operating system (e.g. Unix/Linux - or Windows) during the build of the Erlang/OTP system, and is - installed automatically with other executable programs in + <title>General Information</title> + + <p>The two main interfaces for running tests with <c>Common Test</c> + are an executable program named + <seealso marker="ct_run"><c>ct_run</c></seealso> and the + Erlang module <seealso marker="ct"><c>ct</c></seealso>. + <c>ct_run</c> is compiled for the underlying operating system (for example, + Unix/Linux or Windows) during the build of the Erlang/OTP system, + and is installed automatically with other executable programs in the top level <c>bin</c> directory of Erlang/OTP. The <c>ct</c> interface functions can be called from the Erlang shell, or from any Erlang function, on any supported platform.</p> - <p>The Common Test application is installed with the Erlang/OTP - system and no additional installation step is required to start using - Common Test by means of the <c>ct_run</c> executable program, and/or - the interface functions in the <c>ct</c> module.</p> + <p>The <c>Common Test</c> application is installed with the Erlang/OTP + system. No extra installation step is required to start using + <c>Common Test</c> through the <c>ct_run</c> executable program, + and/or the interface functions in the <c>ct</c> module.</p> </section> </chapter> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/introduction.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/introduction.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e2a42bfd33 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/introduction.xml @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> +<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> + +<chapter> + <header> + <copyright> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> + <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> + </copyright> + <legalnotice> + Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); + you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. + You may obtain a copy of the License at + + http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 + + Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software + distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, + WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. + See the License for the specific language governing permissions and + limitations under the License. + + </legalnotice> + + <title>Introduction</title> + <prepared></prepared> + <docno></docno> + <date>2015-10-05</date> + <rev></rev> + <file>introduction.xml</file> + </header> + <section> + <title>Scope</title> + <p><c>Common Test</c> is a portable application for automated + testing. It is suitable for:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item><p>Black-box testing of target systems of any type (that + is, not necessarily implemented in Erlang). This is performed + through standard O&M interfaces (such as SNMP, HTTP, CORBA, + and Telnet) and, if necessary, through user-specific interfaces + (often called test ports).</p></item> + <item><p>White-box testing of Erlang/OTP programs. This is easily + done by calling the target API functions directly from the test + case functions.</p></item> + </list> + <p><c>Common Test</c> also integrates use of the OTP + <seealso marker="tools:cover">cover</seealso> tool in application + <c>Tools</c> for code coverage analysis of Erlang/OTP programs.</p> + + <p><c>Common Test</c> executes test suite programs automatically, + without operator interaction. Test progress and results are + printed to logs in HTML format, easily browsed with a standard + web browser. <c>Common Test</c> also sends notifications about progress + and results through an OTP event manager to event handlers plugged + in to the system. This way, users can integrate their own + programs for, for example, logging, database storing, or supervision with + <c>Common Test</c>.</p> + + <p><c>Common Test</c> provides libraries with useful support + functions to fill various testing needs and requirements. + There is, for example, support for flexible test declarations + through test specifications. There is also support + for central configuration and control of multiple + independent test sessions (to different target systems) + running in parallel.</p> + + </section> + + <section> + <title>Prerequisites</title> + <p>It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the Erlang + programming language.</p > + </section> + +</chapter> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/part.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/part.xml index 0f4c448787..d21d33656a 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/part.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/part.xml @@ -31,40 +31,11 @@ </header> <description> - <p><em>Common Test</em> is a portable application for automated - testing. It is suitable for black-box testing of target - systems of any type (i.e. not necessarily implemented in Erlang), - as well as for white-box testing of Erlang/OTP programs. - Black-box testing is performed via standard O&M - interfaces (such as SNMP, HTTP, Corba, Telnet, etc) and, - if required, via user specific interfaces (often called test - ports). White-box testing of Erlang/OTP programs is easily - accomplished by calling the target API functions directly - from the test case functions. Common Test also integrates - usage of the OTP cover tool for code coverage analysis of - Erlang/OTP programs.</p> - - <p>Common Test executes test suite programs automatically, - without operator interaction. Test progress and results is - printed to logs on HTML format, easily browsed with a standard - web browser. Common Test also sends notifications about progress - and results via an OTP event manager to event handlers plugged - in to the system. This way users can integrate their own - programs for e.g. logging, database storing or supervision with - Common Test.</p> - - <p>Common Test provides libraries that contain useful support - functions to fill various testing needs and requirements. - There is for example support for flexible test declarations - by means of so called test specifications. There is also support - for central configuration and control of multiple - independent test sessions (towards different target systems) - running in parallel.</p> - - <p>Common Test is implemented as a framework based on the OTP Test - Server application.</p> + <p>The <c>Common Test</c> application is a framework for implementing and performing +automatic and semi-automatic execution of test cases.</p> </description> + <xi:include href="introduction.xml"/> <xi:include href="basics_chapter.xml"/> <xi:include href="getting_started_chapter.xml"/> <xi:include href="install_chapter.xml"/> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/run_test_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/run_test_chapter.xml index 082a587c8d..e04bb3e208 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/run_test_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/run_test_chapter.xml @@ -33,95 +33,96 @@ <section> <title>Using the Common Test Framework</title> - <p>The Common Test Framework provides a high level - operator interface for testing. It adds the following features to - the Erlang/OTP Test Server:</p> - - <list> - <item>Automatic compilation of test suites (and help modules).</item> - <item>Creation of additional HTML pages for better overview.</item> - <item>Single command interface for running all available tests.</item> + <p>The <c>Common Test</c> framework provides a high-level + operator interface for testing, providing the following features:</p> + + <list type="bulleted"> + <item>Automatic compilation of test suites (and help modules)</item> + <item>Creation of extra HTML pages for improved overview.</item> + <item>Single-command interface for running all available tests</item> <item>Handling of configuration files specifying data related to - the System Under Test (and any other variable data).</item> + the System Under Test (SUT) (and any other variable data)</item> <item>Mode for running multiple independent test sessions in parallel with - central control and configuration.</item> + central control and configuration</item> </list> </section> <section> - <title>Automatic compilation of test suites and help modules</title> - <p>When Common Test starts, it will automatically attempt to compile any + <title>Automatic Compilation of Test Suites and Help Modules</title> + <p>When <c>Common Test</c> starts, it automatically attempts to compile any suites included in the specified tests. If particular - suites have been specified, only those suites will be compiled. If a - particular test object directory has been specified (meaning all suites - in this directory should be part of the test), Common Test runs - make:all/1 in the directory to compile the suites.</p> + suites are specified, only those suites are compiled. If a + particular test object directory is specified (meaning all suites + in this directory are to be part of the test), <c>Common Test</c> runs + function <c>make:all/1</c> in the directory to compile the suites.</p> - <p>If compilation should fail for one or more suites, the compilation errors - are printed to tty and the operator is asked if the test run should proceed + <p>If compilation fails for one or more suites, the compilation errors + are printed to tty and the operator is asked if the test run is to proceed without the missing suites, or be aborted. If the operator chooses to proceed, - it is noted in the HTML log which tests have missing suites. Also, for each failed - compilation, the failed tests counter in the return value of - <c><![CDATA[ct:run_test/1]]></c> is incremented. If Common Test is unable to prompt - the user after compilation failure (if Common Test doesn't control stdin), the test - run will proceed automatically without the missing suites. In order to always - abort the test run (without operator interaction) if one or more suites fail - to compile, the <c><![CDATA[ct_run]]></c> flag <c><![CDATA[-abort_if_missing_suites]]></c>, - or the <c><![CDATA[ct:run_test/1]]></c> option - <c><![CDATA[{abort_if_missing_suites,true}]]></c> should be set.</p> - - <p>Any help module (i.e. regular Erlang module with name not ending with - "_SUITE") that resides in the same test object directory as a suite - which is part of the test, will also be automatically compiled. A help - module will not be mistaken for a test suite (unless it has a "_SUITE" - name of course). All help modules in a particular test object directory - are compiled no matter if all or only particular suites in the directory + the tests having missing suites are noted in the HTML log. If <c>Common Test</c> is + unable to prompt the user after compilation failure (if <c>Common Test</c> does not + control <c>stdin</c>), the test run proceeds automatically without the missing + suites. This behavior can however be modified with the + <c><![CDATA[ct_run]]></c> flag <c><![CDATA[-abort_if_missing_suites]]></c>, + or the <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso> option + <c><![CDATA[{abort_if_missing_suites,TrueOrFalse}]]></c>. If + <c><![CDATA[abort_if_missing_suites]]></c> is set to <c>true</c>, the test run + stops immediately if some suites fail to compile.</p> + + <p>Any help module (that is, regular Erlang module with name not ending with + "_SUITE") that resides in the same test object directory as a suite, + which is part of the test, is also automatically compiled. A help + module is not mistaken for a test suite (unless it has a "_SUITE" name). + All help modules in a particular test object directory + are compiled, no matter if all or only particular suites in the directory are part of the test.</p> <p>If test suites or help modules include header files stored in other - locations than the test directory, you may specify these include directories - by means of the <c><![CDATA[-include]]></c> flag with <c><![CDATA[ct_run]]></c>, - or the <c><![CDATA[include]]></c> option with <c><![CDATA[ct:run_test/1]]></c>. - In addition to this, an include path may be specified with an OS - environment variable; <c><![CDATA[CT_INCLUDE_PATH]]></c>. Example (bash):</p> + locations than the test directory, these include directories can be specified + by using flag <c><![CDATA[-include]]></c> with + <seealso marker="ct_run"><c>ct_run</c></seealso>, + or option <c><![CDATA[include]]></c> with <c><![CDATA[ct:run_test/1]]></c>. + Also, an include path can be specified with an OS + environment variable, <c><![CDATA[CT_INCLUDE_PATH]]></c>.</p> + <p><em>Example (bash):</em></p> <p><c>$ export CT_INCLUDE_PATH=~testuser/common_suite_files/include:~testuser/common_lib_files/include</c></p> - <p>Common Test will pass all include directories (specified either with the - <c><![CDATA[include]]></c> flag/option, or the <c><![CDATA[CT_INCLUDE_PATH]]></c> - variable, or both) to the compiler.</p> + <p><c>Common Test</c> passes all include directories (specified either with flag/option + <c><![CDATA[include]]></c>, or variable <c><![CDATA[CT_INCLUDE_PATH]]></c> + , or both, to the compiler.</p> - <p>It is also possible to specify include directories in test specifications - (see below).</p> + <p>Include directories can also be specified in test specifications, + see <seealso marker="#test_specifications">Test Specifications</seealso>.</p> - <p>If the user wants to run all test suites for a test object (or OTP application) - by specifying only the top directory (e.g. with the <c>dir</c> start flag/option), - Common Test will primarily look for test suite modules in a subdirectory named - <c>test</c>. If this subdirectory doesn't exist, the specified top directory - is assumed to be the actual test directory, and test suites will be read from + <p>If the user wants to run all test suites for a test object (or an OTP application) + by specifying only the top directory (for example, with start flag/option <c>dir</c>), + <c>Common Test</c> primarily looks for test suite modules in a subdirectory named + <c>test</c>. If this subdirectory does not exist, the specified top directory + is assumed to be the test directory, and test suites are read from there instead.</p> - <p>It is possible to disable the automatic compilation feature by using the - <c><![CDATA[-no_auto_compile]]></c> flag with <c><![CDATA[ct_run]]></c>, or - the <c><![CDATA[{auto_compile,false}]]></c> option with + <p>To disable the automatic compilation feature, use flag + <c><![CDATA[-no_auto_compile]]></c> with <c><![CDATA[ct_run]]></c>, or + option <c><![CDATA[{auto_compile,false}]]></c> with <c><![CDATA[ct:run_test/1]]></c>. With automatic compilation disabled, the user is responsible for compiling the test suite modules - (and any help modules) before the test run. If the modules can not be loaded - from the local file system during startup of Common Test, the user needs to - pre-load the modules before starting the test. Common Test will only verify - that the specified test suites exist (i.e. that they are, or can be, loaded). - This is useful e.g. if the test suites are transferred and loaded as binaries via - RPC from a remote node.</p> + (and any help modules) before the test run. If the modules cannot be loaded + from the local file system during startup of <c>Common Test</c>, the user must + preload the modules before starting the test. <c>Common Test</c> only verifies + that the specified test suites exist (that is, that they are, or can be, loaded). + This is useful, for example, if the test suites are transferred and loaded as + binaries through RPC from a remote node.</p> </section> <section> <marker id="ct_run"></marker> - <title>Running tests from the OS command line</title> + <title>Running Tests from the OS Command Line</title> - <p>The <c>ct_run</c> program can be used for running tests from - the OS command line, e.g. + <p>The <seealso marker="ct_run"><c>ct_run</c></seealso> program can be used + for running tests from the OS command line, for example, as follows: </p> - <list> + <list type="bulleted"> <item><c><![CDATA[ct_run -config <configfilenames> -dir <dirs>]]></c></item> <item><c><![CDATA[ct_run -config <configfilenames> -suite <suiteswithfullpath>]]></c> </item> @@ -130,824 +131,917 @@ <item><c><![CDATA[ct_run -config <configfilenames> -suite <suitewithfullpath> -group <groups> -case <casenames>]]></c></item> </list> - <p>Examples:</p> - <p><c>$ ct_run -config $CFGS/sys1.cfg $CFGS/sys2.cfg -dir $SYS1_TEST $SYS2_TEST</c></p> - <p><c>$ ct_run -userconfig ct_config_xml $CFGS/sys1.xml $CFGS/sys2.xml -dir $SYS1_TEST $SYS2_TEST</c></p> - <p><c>$ ct_run -suite $SYS1_TEST/setup_SUITE $SYS2_TEST/config_SUITE</c></p> - <p><c>$ ct_run -suite $SYS1_TEST/setup_SUITE -case start stop</c></p> - <p><c>$ ct_run -suite $SYS1_TEST/setup_SUITE -group installation -case start stop</c></p> + <p><em>Examples:</em></p> + <pre> + $ ct_run -config $CFGS/sys1.cfg $CFGS/sys2.cfg -dir $SYS1_TEST $SYS2_TEST + $ ct_run -userconfig ct_config_xml $CFGS/sys1.xml $CFGS/sys2.xml -dir $SYS1_TEST $SYS2_TEST + $ ct_run -suite $SYS1_TEST/setup_SUITE $SYS2_TEST/config_SUITE + $ ct_run -suite $SYS1_TEST/setup_SUITE -case start stop + $ ct_run -suite $SYS1_TEST/setup_SUITE -group installation -case start stop</pre> - <p>It is also possible to combine the <c>dir</c>, <c>suite</c> and <c>group/case</c> flags. E.g, to run - <c>x_SUITE</c> and <c>y_SUITE</c> in directory <c>testdir</c>:</p> - - <p><c>$ ct_run -dir ./testdir -suite x_SUITE y_SUITE</c></p> - - <p>This has the same effect as calling:</p> - - <p><c>$ ct_run -suite ./testdir/x_SUITE ./testdir/y_SUITE</c></p> - - <p>For more details on <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#group_execution">test case group execution</seealso>, please see below.</p> - - <p>Other flags that may be used with <c>ct_run</c>:</p> - <list> - <item><c><![CDATA[-help]]></c>, lists all available start flags.</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-logdir <dir>]]></c>, specifies where the HTML log files are to be written.</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-label <name_of_test_run>]]></c>, associates the test run with a name that gets printed - in the overview HTML log files.</item> - <item><c>-refresh_logs</c>, refreshes the top level HTML index files.</item> - <item><c>-vts</c>, start web based GUI (see below).</item> - <item><c>-shell</c>, start interactive shell mode (see below).</item> - <item><c>-step [step_opts]</c>, step through test cases using the Erlang Debugger (see below).</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-spec <testspecs>]]></c>, use test specification as input (see below).</item> - <item><c>-allow_user_terms</c>, allows user specific terms in a test specification (see below).</item> - <item><c>-silent_connections [conn_types]</c>, tells Common Test to suppress printouts for - specified connections (see below).</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-stylesheet <css_file>]]></c>, points out a user HTML style sheet (see below).</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-cover <cover_cfg_file>]]></c>, to perform code coverage test (see - <seealso marker="cover_chapter#cover">Code Coverage Analysis</seealso>).</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-cover_stop <bool>]]></c>, to specify if the cover tool shall be stopped after the test is completed (see - <seealso marker="cover_chapter#cover_stop">Code Coverage Analysis</seealso>).</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-event_handler <event_handlers>]]></c>, to install - <seealso marker="event_handler_chapter#event_handling">event handlers</seealso>.</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-event_handler_init <event_handlers>]]></c>, to install - <seealso marker="event_handler_chapter#event_handling">event handlers</seealso> including start arguments.</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-ct_hooks <ct_hooks>]]></c>, to install - <seealso marker="ct_hooks_chapter#installing">Common Test Hooks</seealso> including start arguments.</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-enable_builtin_hooks <bool>]]></c>, to enable/disable - <seealso marker="ct_hooks_chapter#builtin_cths">Built-in Common Test Hooks</seealso>. Default is <c>true</c>.</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-include]]></c>, specifies include directories (see above).</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-no_auto_compile]]></c>, disables the automatic test suite compilation feature (see above).</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-abort_if_missing_suites]]></c>, aborts the test run if one or more suites fail to compile (see above).</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-multiply_timetraps <n>]]></c>, extends <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#timetraps">timetrap - timeout</seealso> values.</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-scale_timetraps <bool>]]></c>, enables automatic <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#timetraps">timetrap - timeout</seealso> scaling.</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-repeat <n>]]></c>, tells Common Test to repeat the tests n times (see below).</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-duration <time>]]></c>, tells Common Test to repeat the tests for duration of time (see below).</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-until <stop_time>]]></c>, tells Common Test to repeat the tests until stop_time (see below).</item> - <item><c>-force_stop [skip_rest]</c>, on timeout, the test run will be aborted when current test job is finished. If <c>skip_rest</c> is provided the rest of the test cases in the current test job will be skipped (see below).</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-decrypt_key <key>]]></c>, provides a decryption key for - <seealso marker="config_file_chapter#encrypted_config_files">encrypted configuration files</seealso>.</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-decrypt_file <key_file>]]></c>, points out a file containing a decryption key for - <seealso marker="config_file_chapter#encrypted_config_files">encrypted configuration files</seealso>.</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-basic_html]]></c>, switches off html enhancements that might not be compatible with older browsers.</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-logopts <opts>]]></c>, makes it possible to modify aspects of the logging behaviour, see - <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#logopts">Log options</seealso> below.</item> - <item><c><![CDATA[-verbosity <levels>]]></c>, sets <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#logging">verbosity levels - for printouts</seealso>.</item> - </list> + <p>The flags <c>dir</c>, <c>suite</c>, and <c>group/case</c> can be combined. + For example, to run <c>x_SUITE</c> and <c>y_SUITE</c> + in directory <c>testdir</c>, as follows:</p> + <pre> + $ ct_run -dir ./testdir -suite x_SUITE y_SUITE</pre> + + <p>This has the same effect as the following:</p> + <pre> + $ ct_run -suite ./testdir/x_SUITE ./testdir/y_SUITE</pre> + + <p>For details, see + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#group_execution">Test Case Group Execution</seealso>.</p> + + <p>The following flags can also be used with + <seealso marker="ct_run"><c>ct_run</c></seealso>:</p> + <taglist> + <tag><c><![CDATA[-help]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Lists all available start flags.</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-logdir <dir>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Specifies where the HTML log files are to be written.</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-label <name_of_test_run>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Associates the test run with a name that gets printed + in the overview HTML log files.</p></item> + + <tag><c>-refresh_logs</c></tag> + <item><p>Refreshes the top-level HTML index files.</p></item> + + <tag><c>-vts</c></tag> + <item><p>Starts web-based GUI (described later).</p></item> + + <tag><c>-shell</c></tag> + <item><p>Starts interactive shell mode (described later).</p></item> + + <tag><c>-step [step_opts]</c></tag> + <item><p>Steps through test cases using the Erlang Debugger (described later).</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-spec <testspecs>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Uses test specification as input (described later).</p></item> + + <tag><c>-allow_user_terms</c></tag> + <item><p>Allows user-specific terms in a test specification (described later).</p></item> + + <tag><c>-silent_connections [conn_types]</c></tag> + <item><p>, tells <c>Common Test</c> to suppress printouts for + specified connections (described later).</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-stylesheet <css_file>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Points out a user HTML style sheet (described later).</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-cover <cover_cfg_file>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>To perform code coverage test (see + <seealso marker="cover_chapter#cover">Code Coverage Analysis</seealso>).</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-cover_stop <bool>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>To specify if the <c>cover</c> tool is to be stopped + after the test is completed (see + <seealso marker="cover_chapter#cover_stop">Code Coverage Analysis</seealso>).</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-event_handler <event_handlers>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>To install + <seealso marker="event_handler_chapter#event_handling">event handlers</seealso>.</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-event_handler_init <event_handlers>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>To install + <seealso marker="event_handler_chapter#event_handling">event handlers</seealso> + including start arguments.</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-ct_hooks <ct_hooks>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>To install + <seealso marker="ct_hooks_chapter#installing">Common Test Hooks</seealso> + including start arguments.</p></item> - <note><p>Directories passed to Common Test may have either relative or absolute paths.</p></note> + <tag><c><![CDATA[-enable_builtin_hooks <bool>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>To enable or disable + <seealso marker="ct_hooks_chapter#builtin_cths">Built-in Common Test Hooks</seealso>. + Default is <c>true</c>.</p></item> - <note><p>Arbitrary start flags to the Erlang Runtime System may also be passed as + <tag><c><![CDATA[-include]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Specifies include directories (described earlier).</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-no_auto_compile]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Disables the automatic test suite compilation feature (described earlier).</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-abort_if_missing_suites]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Aborts the test run if one or more suites fail to compile (described earlier).</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-multiply_timetraps <n>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Extends <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#timetraps">timetrap + time-out</seealso> values.</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-scale_timetraps <bool>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Enables automatic <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#timetraps">timetrap + time-out</seealso> scaling.</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-repeat <n>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Tells <c>Common Test</c> to repeat the tests <c>n</c> times (described later).</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-duration <time>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Tells <c>Common Test</c> to repeat the tests for duration of time (described later).</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-until <stop_time>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Tells <c>Common Test</c> to repeat the tests until <c>stop_time</c> (described later).</p></item> + + <tag><c>-force_stop [skip_rest]</c></tag> + <item><p>On time-out, the test run is aborted when the current test job is finished. If <c>skip_rest</c> + is provided, the remaining test cases in the current test job are skipped (described later).</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-decrypt_key <key>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Provides a decryption key for + <seealso marker="config_file_chapter#encrypted_config_files">encrypted configuration files</seealso>.</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-decrypt_file <key_file>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Points out a file containing a decryption key for + <seealso marker="config_file_chapter#encrypted_config_files">encrypted configuration files</seealso>.</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-basic_html]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Switches off HTML enhancements that can be incompatible with older browsers.</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-logopts <opts>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Enables modification of the logging behavior, see + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#logopts">Log options</seealso>.</p></item> + + <tag><c><![CDATA[-verbosity <levels>]]></c></tag> + <item><p>Sets <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#logging">verbosity levels + for printouts</seealso>.</p></item> + </taglist> + + <note><p>Directories passed to <c>Common Test</c> can have either relative or absolute paths.</p></note> + + <note><p>Any start flags to the Erlang runtime system (application <c>ERTS</c>) can also be passed as parameters to <c>ct_run</c>. It is, for example, useful to be able to - pass directories that should be added to the Erlang code server search path - with the <c>-pa</c> or <c>-pz</c> flag. If you have common help- or library + pass directories to be added to the Erlang code server search path + with flag <c>-pa</c> or <c>-pz</c>. If you have common help- or library modules for test suites (separately compiled), stored in other directories - than the test suite directories, these help/lib directories are preferrably - added to the code path this way. Example:</p> + than the test suite directories, these <c>help/lib</c> directories are preferably + added to the code path this way.</p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <p><c>$ ct_run -dir ./chat_server -logdir ./chat_server/testlogs -pa $PWD/chat_server/ebin</c></p> - <p>Note how in this example, the absolute path of the <c>chat_server/ebin</c> - directory is passed to the code server. This is essential since relative - paths are stored by the code server as relative, and Common Test changes - the current working directory of the Erlang Runtime System during the test run!</p> + <p>The absolute path of directory <c>chat_server/ebin</c> + is here passed to the code server. This is essential because relative + paths are stored by the code server as relative, and <c>Common Test</c> changes + the current working directory of <c>ERTS</c> during the test run.</p> </note> <p>The <c>ct_run</c> program sets the exit status before shutting down. The following values are defined:</p> - <list> - <item><c>0</c> indicates a successful testrun, i.e. one without failed or auto skipped test cases.</item> - <item><c>1</c> indicates that one or more test cases have failed, or have been auto skipped.</item> - <item><c>2</c> indicates that the test execution has failed because of e.g. compilation errors, an - illegal return value from an info function, etc.</item> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item><c>0</c> indicates a successful testrun, that is, without failed or auto-skipped test cases.</item> + <item><c>1</c> indicates that one or more test cases have failed, or have been auto-skipped.</item> + <item><c>2</c> indicates that the test execution has failed because of, for example, compilation errors, or an + illegal return value from an information function.</item> </list> - <p>If auto skipped test cases should not affect the exit status, you may change the default - behaviour using start flag:</p> - <pre>-exit_status ignore_config</pre> + <p>If auto-skipped test cases do not affect the exit status. The default + behavior can be changed using start flag:</p> + <pre> + -exit_status ignore_config</pre> - <note><p>Executing <c>ct_run</c> without start flags, is equal to the command: + <note><p>Executing <c>ct_run</c> without start flags is equal to the command: <c>ct_run -dir ./</c></p></note> - <p>For more information about the <c>ct_run</c> program, see the - <seealso marker="ct_run">Reference Manual</seealso> and the - <seealso marker="install_chapter#general">Installation</seealso> chapter. + <p>For more information about the <c>ct_run</c> program, see module + <seealso marker="ct_run"><c>ct_run</c></seealso> and section + <seealso marker="install_chapter#general">Installation</seealso>. </p> </section> <section> - <title>Running tests from the Erlang shell or from an Erlang program</title> + <marker id="erlang_shell_or_program"></marker> + <title>Running Tests from the Erlang Shell or from an Erlang Program</title> - <p>Common Test provides an Erlang API for running tests. The main (and most - flexible) function for specifying and executing tests is called + <p><c>Common Test</c> provides an Erlang API for running tests. The main + (and most flexible) function for specifying and executing tests is <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>. - This function takes the same start parameters as - the <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#ct_run"><c>ct_run</c></seealso> - program described above, only the flags are instead - given as options in a list of key-value tuples. E.g. a test specified - with <c>ct_run</c> like:</p> + It takes the same start parameters as + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#ct_run"><c>ct_run</c></seealso>, + but the flags are instead specified as options in a list of key-value tuples. + For example, a test specified with <c>ct_run</c> as follows:</p> <p><c>$ ct_run -suite ./my_SUITE -logdir ./results</c></p> <p>is with <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso> specified as:</p> <p><c>1> ct:run_test([{suite,"./my_SUITE"},{logdir,"./results"}]).</c></p> - <p>The function returns the test result, represented by the tuple: + <p>The function returns the test result, represented by the tuple <c>{Ok,Failed,{UserSkipped,AutoSkipped}}</c>, where each element is an - integer. If test execution fails, the function returns the tuple: + integer. If test execution fails, the function returns the tuple <c>{error,Reason}</c>, where the term <c>Reason</c> explains the failure.</p> - <p>The default start option <c>{dir,Cwd}</c> (run all suites in the current + <p>The default start option <c>{dir,Cwd}</c> (to run all suites in the current working directory) is used if the function is called with an empty list of options.</p> <section> - <title>Releasing the Erlang shell</title> - <p>During execution of tests, started with + <title>Releasing the Erlang Shell</title> + <p>During execution of tests started with <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>, - the Erlang shell process, controlling stdin, will remain the top - level process of the Common Test system of processes. The result - is that the Erlang shell is not available for interaction during - the test run. If this is not desirable, maybe because the shell is needed - for debugging purposes or for interaction with the SUT during test - execution, you may set the <c>release_shell</c> start option to + the Erlang shell process, controlling <c>stdin</c>, remains the top-level + process of the <c>Common Test</c> system of processes. Consequently, + the Erlang shell is not available for interaction during + the test run. If this is not desirable, for example, because the shell + is needed for debugging purposes or for interaction with the SUT during test + execution, set start option <c>release_shell</c> to <c>true</c> (in the call to <c>ct:run_test/1</c> or by - using the corresponding test specification term, see below). This will - make Common Test release the shell immediately after the test suite + using the corresponding test specification term, described later). This + makes <c>Common Test</c> release the shell immediately after the test suite compilation stage. To accomplish this, a test runner process - is spawned to take control of the test execution, and the effect is that + is spawned to take control of the test execution. The effect is that <c>ct:run_test/1</c> returns the pid of this process rather than the - test result - which instead is printed to tty at the end of the test run.</p> - <note><p>Note that in order to use the - <seealso marker="ct#break-1"><c>ct:break/1/2</c></seealso> and - <seealso marker="ct#continue-0"><c>ct:continue/0/1</c></seealso> functions, + test result, which instead is printed to tty at the end of the test run.</p> + <note><p>To use the functions + <seealso marker="ct#break-1"><c>ct:break/1,2</c></seealso> and + <seealso marker="ct#continue-0"><c>ct:continue/0,1</c></seealso>, <c>release_shell</c> <em>must</em> be set to <c>true</c>.</p></note> </section> - <p>For detailed documentation about - <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>, - please see the - <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct</c></seealso> manual page.</p> + <p>For details, see + <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso> manual page.</p> </section> <section> <marker id="group_execution"></marker> - <title>Test case group execution</title> + <title>Test Case Group Execution</title> <p>With the <c>ct_run</c> flag, or <c>ct:run_test/1</c> option <c>group</c>, one or more test case groups can be specified, optionally in combination - with specific test cases. The syntax for specifying groups is as follows - (on the command line):</p> + with specific test cases. The syntax for specifying groups on the command line + is as follows:</p> <pre> - <![CDATA[$ ct_run -group <group_names_or_paths> [-case <cases>]]]></pre> - <p>or (in the Erlang shell):</p> + <![CDATA[$ ct_run -group <group_names_or_paths> [-case <cases>]]]></pre> + <p>The syntax in the Erlang shell is as follows:</p> <pre> - <![CDATA[1> ct:run_test([{group,GroupsNamesOrPaths}, {case,Cases}]).]]></pre> + <![CDATA[1> ct:run_test([{group,GroupsNamesOrPaths}, {case,Cases}]).]]></pre> - <p>The <c>group_names_or_paths</c> parameter specifies either one - or more group names and/or one or more group paths. At start up, - Common Test will search for matching groups in the group definitions - tree (i.e. the list returned from <c>Suite:groups/0</c>, please see the - <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups">Test case groups</seealso> - chapter for details). - Given a group name, say <c>g</c>, Common Test will search for all paths - that lead to <c>g</c>. By path here we mean a sequence of nested groups, - all of which have to be followed in order to get from the top level - group to <c>g</c>. Actually, what Common Test needs to do in order to - execute the test cases in group <c>g</c>, is to call the - <c>init_per_group/2</c> function for each group in the path to - <c>g</c>, as well as all corresponding <c>end_per_group/2</c> - functions afterwards. The obvious reason for this is that the configuration + <p>Parameter <c>group_names_or_paths</c> specifies one + or more group names and/or one or more group paths. At startup, + <c>Common Test</c> searches for matching groups in the group definitions + tree (that is, the list returned from <c>Suite:groups/0</c>; for details, see section + <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups">Test Case Groups</seealso>. + </p> + + <p>Given a group name, say <c>g</c>, <c>Common Test</c> searches for all paths + leading to <c>g</c>. By path is meant a sequence of nested groups, + which must be followed to get from the top-level + group to <c>g</c>. To execute the test cases in group <c>g</c>, + <c>Common Test</c> must call the <c>init_per_group/2</c> function for + each group in the path to <c>g</c>, and all corresponding <c>end_per_group/2</c> + functions afterwards. This is because the configuration of a test case in <c>g</c> (and its <c>Config</c> input data) depends on <c>init_per_testcase(TestCase, Config)</c> and its return value, which in turn depends on <c>init_per_group(g, Config)</c> and its return value, which in turn depends on <c>init_per_group/2</c> of the group above - <c>g</c>, etc, all the way up to the top level group.</p> + <c>g</c>, and so on, all the way up to the top-level group.</p> - <p>As you may have already realized, this means that if there is more than - one way to locate a group (and its test cases) in a path, the result of the - group search operation is a number of tests, all of which will be performed. - Common Test actually interprets a group specification that consists of a - single name this way:</p> + <p>This means that if there is more than one way to locate a group + (and its test cases) in a path, the result of the group search operation + is a number of tests, all of which are to be performed. + <c>Common Test</c> interprets a group specification that consists of a + single name as follows:</p> <p>"Search and find all paths in the group definitions tree that lead - to the specified group and, for each path, create a test which (1) executes - all configuration functions in the path to the specified group, then (2) - executes all - or all matching - test cases in this group, as well as (3) - all - or all matching - test cases in all sub groups of the group". - </p> + to the specified group and, for each path, create a test that does the following, + in order:</p> + <list type="ordered"> + <item>Executes all configuration functions in the path to the specified group.</item> + <item>Executes all, or all matching, test cases in this group.</item> + <item>Executes all, or all matching, test cases in all subgroups of the group."</item> + </list> - <p>It is also possible for the user to specify a specific group path with - the <c>group_names_or_paths</c> parameter. With this type of specification it's - possible to avoid execution of unwanted groups (in otherwise matching paths), - and/or the execution of sub groups. The syntax of the group path is a list of - group names in the path, e.g. on the command line: + <p>The user can specify a specific group path with + parameter <c>group_names_or_paths</c>. With this type of specification + execution of unwanted groups (in otherwise matching paths), + and/or the execution of subgroups can be avoided. The command line syntax of the + group path is a list of group names in the path, for example: </p> <p><c>$ ct_run -suite "./x_SUITE" -group [g1,g3,g4] -case tc1 tc5</c></p> - <p>or similarly in the Erlang shell (requires a list within the groups list):</p> + <p>The syntax in the Erlang shell is as follows (requires a list within the groups list):</p> <p><c>1> ct:run_test([{suite,"./x_SUITE"}, {group,[[g1,g3,g4]]}, {testcase,[tc1,tc5]}]).</c></p> - <p>The last group in the specified path will be the terminating group in - the test, i.e. no sub groups following this group will be executed. In the - example above, <c>g4</c> is the terminating group, hence Common Test will - execute a test that calls all init configuration functions in the path to - <c>g4</c>, i.e. <c>g1..g3..g4</c>. It will then call test cases <c>tc1</c> - and <c>tc5</c> in <c>g4</c> and finally all end configuration functions in order - <c>g4..g3..g1</c>.</p> + <p>The last group in the specified path is the terminating group in + the test, that is, no subgroups following this group are executed. In the + previous example, <c>g4</c> is the terminating group. Hence, <c>Common Test</c> + executes a test that calls all <c>init</c> configuration functions in the path to + <c>g4</c>, that is, <c>g1..g3..g4</c>. It then calls test cases <c>tc1</c> + and <c>tc5</c> in <c>g4</c>, and finally all <c>end</c> configuration functions + in order <c>g4..g3..g1</c>.</p> - <p>Note that the group path specification doesn't necessarily + <note><p>The group path specification does not necessarily have to include <em>all</em> groups in the path to the terminating group. - Common Test will search for all matching paths if given an incomplete group - path.</p> + <c>Common Test</c> searches for all matching paths if an incomplete + group path is specified.</p></note> - <p>Note also that it's possible to combine group names and group paths with the - <c>group_names_or_paths</c> parameter. Each element is treated as - an individual specification in combination with the <c>cases</c> parameter. - See examples below.</p> + <note><p>Group names and group paths can be combined with parameter + <c>group_names_or_paths</c>. Each element is treated as an individual specification + in combination with parameter <c>cases</c>. + The following examples illustrates this.</p></note> + + <p><em>Examples:</em></p> + <pre> + -module(x_SUITE). + ... + %% The group definitions: + groups() -> + [{top1,[],[tc11,tc12, + {sub11,[],[tc12,tc13]}, + {sub12,[],[tc14,tc15, + {sub121,[],[tc12,tc16]}]}]}, + + {top2,[],[{group,sub21},{group,sub22}]}, + {sub21,[],[tc21,{group,sub2X2}]}, + {sub22,[],[{group,sub221},tc21,tc22,{group,sub2X2}]}, + {sub221,[],[tc21,tc23]}, + {sub2X2,[],[tc21,tc24]}].</pre> + + <p>The following executes two tests, one for all cases and all subgroups + under <c>top1</c>, and one for all under <c>top2</c>:</p> + <pre> + $ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group all + 1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,all}]).</pre> + <p>Using <c>-group top1 top2</c>, or <c>{group,[top1,top2]}</c> gives the same result.</p> - <p>Examples:</p> + <p>The following executes one test for all cases and subgroups under <c>top1</c>:</p> <pre> - -module(x_SUITE). - ... - %% The group definitions: - groups() -> - [{top1,[],[tc11,tc12, - {sub11,[],[tc12,tc13]}, - {sub12,[],[tc14,tc15, - {sub121,[],[tc12,tc16]}]}]}, - - {top2,[],[{group,sub21},{group,sub22}]}, - {sub21,[],[tc21,{group,sub2X2}]}, - {sub22,[],[{group,sub221},tc21,tc22,{group,sub2X2}]}, - {sub221,[],[tc21,tc23]}, - {sub2X2,[],[tc21,tc24]}]. - </pre> - <br></br> - <p><c>$ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group all</c></p> - <p><c>1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,all}]).</c></p> - <p>Two tests will be executed, one for all cases and all sub groups under <c>top1</c>, - and one for all under <c>top2</c>. (We would get the same result with - <c>-group top1 top2</c>, or <c>{group,[top1,top2]}</c>.</p> - <br></br> - <p><c>$ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group top1</c></p> - <p><c>1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[top1]}]).</c></p> - <p>This will execute one test for all cases and sub groups under <c>top1</c>.</p> - <br></br> - <p><c>$ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group top1 -case tc12</c></p> - <p><c>1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[top1]}, {testcase,[tc12]}]).</c></p> - <p>This will run a test that executes <c>tc12</c> in <c>top1</c> and any sub group - under <c>top1</c> where it can be found (<c>sub11</c> and <c>sub121</c>).</p> - <br></br> - <p><c>$ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group [top1] -case tc12</c></p> - <p><c>1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[[top1]]}, {testcase,[tc12]}]).</c></p> - <p>This will execute <c>tc12</c> <em>only</em> in group <c>top1</c>.</p> - <br></br> - <p><c>$ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group top1 -case tc16</c></p> - <p><c>1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[top1]}, {testcase,[tc16]}]).</c></p> - <p>This will search <c>top1</c> and all its sub groups for <c>tc16</c> and the result - will be that this test case executes in group <c>sub121</c>. (The specific path: - <c>-group [sub121]</c> or <c>{group,[[sub121]]}</c>, would have given - us the same result in this example).</p> - <br></br> - <p><c>$ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group sub12 [sub12]</c></p> - <p><c>1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[sub12,[sub12]]}]).</c></p> - <p>This will execute two tests, one that includes all cases and sub groups under - <c>sub12</c>, and one with <em>only</em> the test cases in <c>sub12</c>.</p> - <br></br> - <p><c>$ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group sub2X2</c></p> - <p><c>1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[sub2X2]}]).</c></p> - <p>In this example, Common Test will find and execute two tests, one for the path from - <c>top2</c> to <c>sub2X2</c> via <c>sub21</c>, and one from <c>top2</c> to <c>sub2X2</c> - via <c>sub22</c>.</p> - <br></br> - <p><c>$ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group [sub21,sub2X2]</c></p> - <p><c>1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[[sub21,sub2X2]]}]).</c></p> - <p>Here, by specifying the unique path: <c>top2 -> sub21 -> sub2X2</c>, only one test - is executed. The second possible path from <c>top2</c> to <c>sub2X2</c> (above) - will be discarded.</p> - <br></br> - <p><c>$ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group [sub22] -case tc22 tc21</c></p> - <p><c>1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[[sub22]]}, {testcase,[tc22,tc21]}]).</c></p> - <p>In this example only the test cases for <c>sub22</c> will be executed, and in - reverse order compared to the group definition.</p> - <br></br> - - <p>If a test case that belongs to a group (according to the group definition), is executed - without a group specification, i.e. simply by means of (command line):</p> + $ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group top1 + 1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[top1]}]).</pre> + + <p>The following runs a test executing <c>tc12</c> in <c>top1</c> and any subgroup + under <c>top1</c> where it can be found (<c>sub11</c> and <c>sub121</c>):</p> + <pre> + $ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group top1 -case tc12 + 1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[top1]}, {testcase,[tc12]}]).</pre> + + <p>The following executes <c>tc12</c> <em>only</em> in group <c>top1</c>:</p> + <pre> + $ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group [top1] -case tc12 + 1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[[top1]]}, {testcase,[tc12]}]).</pre> + + <p>The following searches <c>top1</c> and all its subgroups for <c>tc16</c> resulting + in that this test case executes in group <c>sub121</c>:</p> + <pre> + $ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group top1 -case tc16 + 1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[top1]}, {testcase,[tc16]}]).</pre> + <p>Using the specific path <c>-group [sub121]</c> or <c>{group,[[sub121]]}</c> gives + the same result in this example.</p> + + <p>The following executes two tests, one including all cases and subgroups under + <c>sub12</c>, and one with <em>only</em> the test cases in <c>sub12</c>:</p> + <pre> + $ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group sub12 [sub12] + 1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[sub12,[sub12]]}]).</pre> + + <p>In the following example, <c>Common Test</c> finds and executes two tests, + one for the path from <c>top2</c> to <c>sub2X2</c> through <c>sub21</c>, + and one from <c>top2</c> to <c>sub2X2</c> through <c>sub22</c>:</p> + <pre> + $ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group sub2X2 + 1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[sub2X2]}]).</pre> + + <p>In the following example, by specifying the unique path <c>top2 -> sub21 -> sub2X2</c>, + only one test is executed. The second possible path, from <c>top2</c> to <c>sub2X2</c> + (from the former example) is discarded:</p> + <pre> + $ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group [sub21,sub2X2] + 1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[[sub21,sub2X2]]}]).</pre> + + <p>The following executes only the test cases for <c>sub22</c> and in reverse order + compared to the group definition:</p> + <pre> + $ ct_run -suite "x_SUITE" -group [sub22] -case tc22 tc21 + 1> ct:run_test([{suite,"x_SUITE"}, {group,[[sub22]]}, {testcase,[tc22,tc21]}]).</pre> + + <p>If a test case belonging to a group (according to the group definition) is executed + without a group specification, that is, simply by + (using the command line):</p> <p><c>$ ct_run -suite "my_SUITE" -case my_tc</c></p> - <p>or (Erlang shell):</p> + <p>or (using the Erlang shell):</p> <p><c>1> ct:run_test([{suite,"my_SUITE"}, {testcase,my_tc}]).</c></p> - <p>then Common Test ignores the group definition and executes the test case in the scope of the - test suite only (no group configuration functions are called).</p> + <p>then <c>Common Test</c> ignores the group definition and executes the test case + in the scope of the test suite only (no group configuration functions are called).</p> - <p>The group specification feature, exactly as it has been presented in this section, can also + <p>The group specification feature, as presented in this section, can also be used in <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Test - Specifications</seealso> (with some extra features added). Please see below.</p> + Specifications</seealso> (with some extra features added).</p> </section> <section> - <title>Running the interactive shell mode</title> + <title>Running the Interactive Shell Mode</title> - <p>You can start Common Test in an interactive shell mode where no - automatic testing is performed. Instead, in this mode, Common Test + <p>You can start <c>Common Test</c> in an interactive shell mode where no + automatic testing is performed. Instead, <c>Common Test</c> starts its utility processes, installs configuration data (if any), and waits for the user to call functions (typically test case support functions) from the Erlang shell.</p> - <p>The shell mode is useful e.g. for debugging test suites, for analysing + <p>The shell mode is useful, for example, for debugging test suites, analyzing and debugging the SUT during "simulated" test case execution, and - for trying out various operations during test suite development.</p> - - <p>To invoke the interactive shell mode, you can start an Erlang shell - manually and call <seealso marker="ct#install-1"><c>ct:install/1</c></seealso> to install any configuration - data you might need (use <c>[]</c> as argument otherwise), then - call <seealso marker="ct#start_interactive-0"><c>ct:start_interactive/0</c></seealso> to start Common Test. If you use - the <c>ct_run</c> program, you may start the Erlang shell and Common Test - in the same go by using the <c>-shell</c> and, optionally, the <c>-config</c> - and/or <c>-userconfig</c> flag. Examples: - </p> - <list> + trying out various operations during test suite development.</p> + + <p>To start the interactive shell mode, start an Erlang shell + manually and call <seealso marker="ct#install-1"><c>ct:install/1</c></seealso> + to install any configuration data you might need (use <c>[]</c> as argument otherwise). + Then call <seealso marker="ct#start_interactive-0"><c>ct:start_interactive/0</c></seealso> + to start <c>Common Test</c>.</p> + + <p>If you use the <c>ct_run</c> program, you can start + the Erlang shell and <c>Common Test</c> in one go by using the flag <c>-shell</c> and, + optionally, flag <c>-config</c> and/or <c>-userconfig</c>.</p> + <p><em>Examples:</em></p> + <list type="bulleted"> <item><c>ct_run -shell</c></item> <item><c><![CDATA[ct_run -shell -config cfg/db.cfg]]></c></item> <item><c><![CDATA[ct_run -shell -userconfig db_login testuser x523qZ]]></c></item> </list> - <p>If no config file is given with the <c>ct_run</c> command, - a warning will be displayed. If Common Test has been run from the same - directory earlier, the same config file(s) will be used - again. If Common Test has not been run from this directory before, no - config files will be available.</p> + <p>If no configuration file is specified with command <c>ct_run</c>, + a warning is displayed. If <c>Common Test</c> has been run from the same + directory earlier, the same configuration file(s) are used again. If <c>Common Test</c> + has not been run from this directory before, no configuration files are available.</p> - <p>If any functions using "required config data" (e.g. ct_telnet or - ct_ftp functions) are to be called from the erlang shell, config - data must first be required with <seealso marker="ct#require-1"><c> - ct:require/1/2</c></seealso>. This is - equivalent to a <c>require</c> statement in the <seealso - marker="write_test_chapter#suite">Test Suite Info - Function</seealso> or in the <seealso - marker="write_test_chapter#info_function">Test Case Info - Function</seealso>.</p> - - <p>Example:</p> + <p>If any functions using "required configuration data" (for example, functions + <c>ct_telnet</c> or <c>ct_ftp</c>) are to be called from the Erlang shell, first require + configuration data with <seealso marker="ct#require-1"><c> + ct:require/1,2</c></seealso>. This is equivalent to a <c>require</c> statement + in the <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#suite">Test Suite Information Function</seealso> + or in the <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#info_function">Test Case Information Function</seealso>.</p> + + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <pre> - 1> ct:require(unix_telnet, unix). - ok - 2> ct_telnet:open(unix_telnet). - {ok,<0.105.0>} - 4> ct_telnet:cmd(unix_telnet, "ls ."). - {ok,["ls .","file1 ...",...]} - </pre> + 1> ct:require(unix_telnet, unix). + ok + 2> ct_telnet:open(unix_telnet). + {ok,<0.105.0>} + 4> ct_telnet:cmd(unix_telnet, "ls ."). + {ok,["ls .","file1 ...",...]}</pre> - <p>Everything that Common Test normally prints in the test case logs, - will in the interactive mode be written to a log named - <c>ctlog.html</c> in the <c><![CDATA[ct_run.<timestamp>]]></c> - directory. A link to this file will be available in the file - named <c>last_interactive.html</c> in the directory from which - you executed <c>ct_run</c>. Currently, specifying a different - root directory for the logs than the current working directory, + <p>Everything that <c>Common Test</c> normally prints in the test case logs, + are in the interactive mode written to a log named <c>ctlog.html</c> + in directory <c><![CDATA[ct_run.<timestamp>]]></c>. A link to this + file is available in the file named <c>last_interactive.html</c> in the + directory from which you execute <c>ct_run</c>. Specifying a different + root directory for the logs than the current working directory is not supported.</p> - <p>If you wish to exit the interactive mode (e.g. to start an - automated test run with <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>), call the function - <seealso marker="ct#stop_interactive-0"><c>ct:stop_interactive/0</c></seealso>. This shuts down the - running <c>ct</c> application. Associations between + <p>If you wish to exit the interactive mode (for example, to start an automated + test run with <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>), + call function + <seealso marker="ct#stop_interactive-0"><c>ct:stop_interactive/0</c></seealso>. + This shuts down the running <c>ct</c> application. Associations between configuration names and data created with <c>require</c> are - consequently deleted. <seealso marker="ct#start_interactive-0"><c>ct:start_interactive/0</c></seealso> will get you - back into interactive mode, but the previous state is not restored.</p> + consequently deleted. Function + <seealso marker="ct#start_interactive-0"><c>ct:start_interactive/0</c></seealso> + takes you back into interactive mode, but the previous state is not restored.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Step by step execution of test cases with the Erlang Debugger</title> + <title>Step-by-Step Execution of Test Cases with the Erlang Debugger</title> - <p>By means of <c>ct_run -step [opts]</c>, or by passing the - <c>{step,Opts}</c> option to <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>, it is possible - to get the Erlang Debugger started automatically and use its - graphical interface to investigate the state of the current test - case and to execute it step by step and/or set execution breakpoints.</p> - <p>If no extra options are given with the <c>step</c> flag/option, - breakpoints will be set automatically on the test cases that - are to be executed by Common Test, and those functions only. If - the step option <c>config</c> is specified, breakpoints will - also be initially set on the configuration functions in the suite, i.e. + <p>Using <c>ct_run -step [opts]</c>, or by passing option <c>{step,Opts}</c> + to <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>, + the following is possible:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item>Get the Erlang Debugger started automatically.</item> + <item>Use its graphical interface to investigate the state of the current test case.</item> + <item>Execute the test case step-by-step and/or set execution breakpoints.</item> + </list> + <p>If no extra options are specified with flag/option <c>step</c>, + breakpoints are set automatically on the test cases that + are to be executed by <c>Common Test</c>, and those functions only. If + step option <c>config</c> is specified, breakpoints are also initially + set on the configuration functions in the suite, that is, <c>init_per_suite/1</c>, <c>end_per_suite/1</c>, <c>init_per_group/2</c>, <c>end_per_group/2</c>, <c>init_per_testcase/2</c> and <c>end_per_testcase/2</c>.</p> - <p>Common Test enables the Debugger auto attach feature, which means + <p><c>Common Test</c> enables the Debugger auto-attach feature, which means that for every new interpreted test case function that starts to execute, - a new trace window will automatically pop up. (This is because each test + a new trace window automatically pops up (as each test case executes on a dedicated Erlang process). Whenever a new test case starts, - Common Test will attempt to close the inactive trace window of the previous - test case. However, if you prefer that Common Test leaves inactive trace - windows, use the <c>keep_inactive</c> option.</p> - <p>The step functionality can be used together with the <c>suite</c> and - the <c>suite</c> + <c>case/testcase</c> flag/option, but not together - with <c>dir</c>.</p> + <c>Common Test</c> attempts to close the inactive trace window of the previous + test case. However, if you prefer <c>Common Test</c> to leave inactive trace + windows, use option <c>keep_inactive</c>.</p> + <p>The step functionality can be used together with flag/option <c>suite</c> and + <c>suite</c> + <c>case/testcase</c>, but not together with <c>dir</c>.</p> </section> <section> <marker id="test_specifications"></marker> <title>Test Specifications</title> <section> - <title>General description</title> - <p>The most flexible way to specify what to test, is to use a so - called test specification. A test specification is a sequence of + <title>General Description</title> + <p>The most flexible way to specify what to test, is to use a + test specification, which is a sequence of Erlang terms. The terms are normally declared in one or more text files (see <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso>), but - may also be passed to Common Test on the form of a list (see + can also be passed to <c>Common Test</c> on the form of a list (see <seealso marker="ct#run_testspec-1"><c>ct:run_testspec/1</c></seealso>). There are two general types of terms: configuration terms and test specification terms.</p> - <p>With configuration terms it is possible to e.g. label the test - run (similar to <c>ct_run -label</c>), evaluate arbitrary expressions - before starting the test, import configuration data (similar to - <c>ct_run -config/-userconfig</c>), specify the top level HTML log - directory (similar to <c>ct_run -logdir</c>), enable code coverage - analysis (similar to <c>ct_run -cover</c>), install Common Test Hooks - (similar to <c>ct_run -ch_hooks</c>), install event_handler plugins - (similar to <c>ct_run -event_handler</c>), specify include directories - that should be passed to the compiler for automatic compilation - (similar to <c>ct_run -include</c>), disable the auto compilation - feature (similar to <c>ct_run -no_auto_compile</c>), set verbosity - levels (similar to <c>ct_run -verbosity</c>), and more.</p> - <p>Configuration terms can be combined with <c>ct_run</c> start flags, - or <c>ct:run_test/1</c> options. The result will for some flags/options - and terms be that the values are merged (e.g. configuration files, - include directories, verbosity levels, silent connections), and for + + <p>With configuration terms it is, for example, possible to do the following:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item>Label the test run (similar to <c>ct_run -label</c>).</item> + <item>Evaluate any expressions before starting the test.</item> + <item>Import configuration data (similar to <c>ct_run -config/-userconfig</c>).</item> + <item>Specify the top-level HTML log directory (similar to <c>ct_run -logdir</c>).</item> + <item>Enable code coverage analysis (similar to <c>ct_run -cover</c>).</item> + <item>Install <c>Common Test Hooks</c> (similar to <c>ct_run -ch_hooks</c>).</item> + <item>Install <c>event_handler</c> plugins (similar to <c>ct_run -event_handler</c>).</item> + <item>Specify include directories to be passed to the compiler for + automatic compilation (similar to <c>ct_run -include</c>).</item> + <item>Disable the auto-compilation feature (similar to <c>ct_run -no_auto_compile</c>).</item> + <item>Set verbosity levels (similar to <c>ct_run -verbosity</c>).</item> + </list> + + <p>Configuration terms can be combined with <c>ct_run</c> start flags + or <c>ct:run_test/1</c> options. The result is, for some flags/options + and terms, that the values are merged (for example, configuration files, + include directories, verbosity levels, and silent connections) and for others that the start flags/options override the test specification - terms (e.g. log directory, label, style sheet, auto compilation).</p> - <p>With test specification terms it is possible to state exactly - which tests should run and in which order. A test term specifies + terms (for example, log directory, label, style sheet, and auto-compilation).</p> + + <p>With test specification terms, it is possible to state exactly + which tests to run and in which order. A test term specifies either one or more suites, one or more test case groups (possibly nested), or one or more test cases in a group (or in multiple groups) or in a suite.</p> - <p>An arbitrary number of test terms may be declared in sequence. - Common Test will by default compile the terms into one or more tests - to be performed in one resulting test run. Note that a term that - specifies a set of test cases will "swallow" one that only - specifies a subset of these cases. E.g. the result of merging - one term that specifies that all cases in suite S should be + + <p>Any number of test terms can be declared in sequence. + <c>Common Test</c> compiles by default the terms into one or more tests + to be performed in one resulting test run. A term that + specifies a set of test cases "swallows" one that only + specifies a subset of these cases. For example, the result of merging + one term specifying that all cases in suite S are to be executed, with another term specifying only test case X and Y in S, is a test of all cases in S. However, if a term specifying test case X and Y in S is merged with a term specifying case Z - in S, the result is a test of X, Y and Z in S. To disable this - behaviour, i.e. to instead perform each test sequentially in a "script-like" - manner, the term <c>merge_tests</c> can be set to <c>false</c> in - the test specification.</p> + in S, the result is a test of X, Y, and Z in S. To disable this + behavior, that is, to instead perform each test sequentially in a + "script-like" manner, set term <c>merge_tests</c> to <c>false</c> + in the test specification.</p> + <p>A test term can also specify one or more test suites, groups, - or test cases to be skipped. Skipped suites, groups and cases - are not executed and show up in the HTML log files as - SKIPPED.</p> + or test cases to be skipped. Skipped suites, groups, and cases + are not executed and show up in the HTML log files as <c>SKIPPED</c>.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Using multiple test specification files</title> + <title>Using Multiple Test Specification Files</title> - <p>When multiple test specification files are given at startup (either + <p>When multiple test specification files are specified at startup (either with <c>ct_run -spec file1 file2 ...</c> or <c>ct:run_test([{spec, [File1,File2,...]}])</c>), - Common Test will either execute one test run per specification file, or - join the files and perform all tests within one single test run. The first - behaviour is the default one. The latter requires that the start - flag/option <c>join_specs</c> is provided, e.g. + <c>Common Test</c> either executes one test run per specification file, + or joins the files and performs all tests within one single test run. + The first behavior is the default one. The latter requires that start + flag/option <c>join_specs</c> is provided, for example, <c>run_test -spec ./my_tests1.ts ./my_tests2.ts -join_specs</c>.</p> <p>Joining a number of specifications, or running them separately, can - also be accomplished with (and may be combined with) test specification - file inclusion, described next.</p> + also be accomplished with (and can be combined with) test specification + file inclusion.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Test specification file inclusion</title> - <p>With the <c>specs</c> term (see syntax below), it's possible to have - a test specification include other specifications. An included - specification may either be joined with the source specification, - or used to produce a separate test run (like with the <c>join_specs</c> - start flag/option above). Example:</p> + <title>Test Specification File Inclusion</title> + <p>With the term <c>specs</c>, a test specification can include + other specifications. An included specification can either be joined + with the source specification or used to produce a separate test run + (as with start flag/option <c>join_specs</c> above).</p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> + <pre> - %% In specification file "a.spec" - {specs, join, ["b.spec", "c.spec"]}. - {specs, separate, ["d.spec", "e.spec"]}. - %% Config and test terms follow - ...</pre> + %% In specification file "a.spec" + {specs, join, ["b.spec", "c.spec"]}. + {specs, separate, ["d.spec", "e.spec"]}. + %% Config and test terms follow + ...</pre> + <p>In this example, the test terms defined in files "b.spec" and "c.spec" - will be joined with the terms in the source specification "a.spec" + are joined with the terms in source specification "a.spec" (if any). The inclusion of specifications "d.spec" and - "e.spec" will result in two separate, and independent, test runs (i.e. - one for each included specification).</p> - <p>Note that the <c>join</c> option does not imply that the test terms - will be merged (see <c>merge_tests</c> above), only that all tests are - executed in one single test run.</p> + "e.spec" results in two separate, and independent, test runs + (one for each included specification).</p> + + <p>Option <c>join</c> does not imply that the test terms + are merged, only that all tests are executed in one single test run.</p> + <p>Joined specifications share common configuration settings, such as the list of <c>config</c> files or <c>include</c> directories. - For configuration that can not be combined, such as settings for <c>logdir</c> + For configurations that cannot be combined, such as settings for <c>logdir</c> or <c>verbosity</c>, it is up to the user to ensure there are no clashes when the test specifications are joined. Specifications included with - the <c>separate</c> option, do not share configuration settings with the - source specification. This is useful e.g. if there are clashing - configuration settings in included specifications, making it impossible - to join them.</p> + option <c>separate</c> do not share configuration settings with the + source specification. This is useful, for example, if there are clashing + configuration settings in included specifications, making it them impossible + to join.</p> + <p>If <c>{merge_tests,true}</c> is set in the source specification - (which is the default setting), terms in joined specifications will be + (which is the default setting), terms in joined specifications are merged with terms in the source specification (according to the - description of <c>merge_tests</c> above).</p> - <p>Note that it is always the <c>merge_tests</c> setting in the source + description of <c>merge_tests</c> earlier).</p> + + <p>Notice that it is always the <c>merge_tests</c> setting in the source specification that is used when joined with other specifications. - Say e.g. that a source specification A, with tests TA1 and TA2, has - <c>{merge_tests,false}</c> set, and it includes another specification, + Say, for example, that a source specification A, with tests TA1 and TA2, has + <c>{merge_tests,false}</c> set, and that it includes another specification, B, with tests TB1 and TB2, that has <c>{merge_tests,true}</c> set. - The result will be that the test series: <c>TA1,TA2,merge(TB1,TB2)</c>, - is executed. The opposite <c>merge_tests</c> settings would result in the - following the test series: <c>merge(merge(TA1,TA2),TB1,TB2)</c>.</p> - <p>The <c>specs</c> term may of course be used to nest specifications, - i.e. have one specification include other specifications, which in turn - include others, etc.</p> + The result is that the test series <c>TA1,TA2,merge(TB1,TB2)</c> + is executed. The opposite <c>merge_tests</c> settings would result in + the test series <c>merge(merge(TA1,TA2),TB1,TB2)</c>.</p> + + <p>The term <c>specs</c> can be used to nest specifications, + that is, have one specification include other specifications, which in turn + include others, and so no</p> </section> <section> - <title>Test case groups</title> + <title>Test Case Groups</title> <p>When a test case group is specified, the resulting test - executes the <c>init_per_group</c> function, followed by all test - cases and sub groups (including their configuration functions), and - finally the <c>end_per_group</c> function. Also if particular + executes function <c>init_per_group</c>, followed by all test + cases and subgroups (including their configuration functions), and + finally function <c>end_per_group</c>. Also, if particular test cases in a group are specified, <c>init_per_group</c> - and <c>end_per_group</c> for the group in question are - called. If a group which is defined (in <c>Suite:group/0</c>) to - be a sub group of another group, is specified (or if particular test - cases of a sub group are), Common Test will call the configuration - functions for the top level groups as well as for the sub group + and <c>end_per_group</c>, for the group in question, are + called. If a group defined (in <c>Suite:group/0</c>) as + a subgroup of another group, is specified (or if particular test + cases of a subgroup are), <c>Common Test</c> calls the configuration + functions for the top-level groups and for the subgroup in question (making it possible to pass configuration data all the way from <c>init_per_suite</c> down to the test cases in the - sub group).</p> - <p>The test specification utilizes the same mechanism for specifying - test case groups by means of names and paths, as explained in the - <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#group_execution">Group Execution</seealso> - section above, with the addition of the <c>GroupSpec</c> element - described next.</p> - <p>The <c>GroupSpec</c> element makes it possible to specify - group execution properties that will override those in the - group definition (i.e. in <c>groups/0</c>). Execution properties for - sub-groups may be overridden as well. This feature makes it possible to + subgroup).</p> + + <p>The test specification uses the same mechanism for specifying + test case groups through names and paths, as explained in section + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#group_execution">Test Case Group Execution</seealso>, + with the addition of element <c>GroupSpec</c>.</p> + + <p>Element <c>GroupSpec</c> makes it possible to specify + group execution properties that overrides those in the + group definition (that is, in <c>groups/0</c>). Execution properties for + subgroups might be overridden as well. This feature makes it possible to change properties of groups at the time of execution, - without even having to edit the test suite. The very same - feature is available for <c>group</c> elements in the <c>Suite:all/0</c> - list. Therefore, more detailed documentation, and examples, can be - found in the <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups"> - Test case groups</seealso> chapter.</p> + without having to edit the test suite. The same feature is available for + <c>group</c> elements in the <c>Suite:all/0</c> list. For details and examples, + see section <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups"> + Test Case Groups</seealso>.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Test specification syntax</title> - - <p>Below is the test specification syntax. Test specifications can - be used to run tests both in a single test host environment and - in a distributed Common Test environment (Large Scale - Testing). The node parameters in the <c>init</c> term are only - relevant in the latter (see the - <seealso marker="ct_master_chapter#test_specifications">Large - Scale Testing</seealso> chapter for information). For more information - about the various terms, please see the corresponding sections in the - User's Guide, such as e.g. the - <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#ct_run"><c>ct_run</c> + <title>Test Specification Syntax</title> + + <p>Test specifications can be used to run tests both in a single + test host environment and in a distributed <c>Common Test</c> environment + (Large Scale Testing). The node parameters in term <c>init</c> are only + relevant in the latter (see section + <seealso marker="ct_master_chapter#test_specifications">Test Specifications</seealso> + in Large Scale Testing). For details about the various terms, see the + corresponding sections in the User's Guide, for example, the following: + </p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item>The <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#ct_run"><c>ct_run</c> program</seealso> for an overview of available start flags - (since most flags have a corresponding configuration term), and - more detailed explanation of e.g. - <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#logging">Logging</seealso> - (for the <c>verbosity</c>, <c>stylesheet</c> and <c>basic_html</c> terms), - <seealso marker="config_file_chapter#top">External Configuration Data</seealso> - (for the <c>config</c> and <c>userconfig</c> terms), - <seealso marker="event_handler_chapter#event_handling">Event - Handling</seealso> (for the <c>event_handler</c> term), - <seealso marker="ct_hooks_chapter#installing">Common Test Hooks</seealso> - (for the <c>ct_hooks</c> term), etc.</p> - </section> - - <p>Config terms:</p> + (as most flags have a corresponding configuration term)</item> + <item><seealso marker="write_test_chapter#logging">Logging</seealso> + (for terms <c>verbosity</c>, <c>stylesheet</c> and <c>basic_html</c>)</item> + <item><seealso marker="config_file_chapter#top">External Configuration Data</seealso> + (for terms <c>config</c> and <c>userconfig</c>)</item> + <item><seealso marker="event_handler_chapter#event_handling">Event + Handling</seealso> (for the <c>event_handler</c> term)</item> + <item><seealso marker="ct_hooks_chapter#installing">Common Test Hooks</seealso> + (for term <c>ct_hooks</c>)</item> + </list> + + <p><em>Configuration terms:</em></p> <pre> - {merge_tests, Bool}. - - {define, Constant, Value}. - - {specs, InclSpecsOption, TestSpecs}. - - {node, NodeAlias, Node}. - - {init, InitOptions}. - {init, [NodeAlias], InitOptions}. - - {label, Label}. - {label, NodeRefs, Label}. - - {verbosity, VerbosityLevels}. - {verbosity, NodeRefs, VerbosityLevels}. - - {stylesheet, CSSFile}. - {stylesheet, NodeRefs, CSSFile}. - - {silent_connections, ConnTypes}. - {silent_connections, NodeRefs, ConnTypes}. - - {multiply_timetraps, N}. - {multiply_timetraps, NodeRefs, N}. - - {scale_timetraps, Bool}. - {scale_timetraps, NodeRefs, Bool}. - - {cover, CoverSpecFile}. - {cover, NodeRefs, CoverSpecFile}. - - {cover_stop, Bool}. - {cover_stop, NodeRefs, Bool}. - - {include, IncludeDirs}. - {include, NodeRefs, IncludeDirs}. - - {auto_compile, Bool}, - {auto_compile, NodeRefs, Bool}, - - {abort_if_missing_suites, Bool}, - {abort_if_missing_suites, NodeRefs, Bool}, + {merge_tests, Bool}. - {config, ConfigFiles}. - {config, ConfigDir, ConfigBaseNames}. - {config, NodeRefs, ConfigFiles}. - {config, NodeRefs, ConfigDir, ConfigBaseNames}. - - {userconfig, {CallbackModule, ConfigStrings}}. - {userconfig, NodeRefs, {CallbackModule, ConfigStrings}}. - - {logdir, LogDir}. - {logdir, NodeRefs, LogDir}. - - {logopts, LogOpts}. - {logopts, NodeRefs, LogOpts}. - - {create_priv_dir, PrivDirOption}. - {create_priv_dir, NodeRefs, PrivDirOption}. - - {event_handler, EventHandlers}. - {event_handler, NodeRefs, EventHandlers}. - {event_handler, EventHandlers, InitArgs}. - {event_handler, NodeRefs, EventHandlers, InitArgs}. - - {ct_hooks, CTHModules}. - {ct_hooks, NodeRefs, CTHModules}. - - {enable_builtin_hooks, Bool}. - - {basic_html, Bool}. - {basic_html, NodeRefs, Bool}. - - {release_shell, Bool}.</pre> + {define, Constant, Value}. + + {specs, InclSpecsOption, TestSpecs}. + + {node, NodeAlias, Node}. + + {init, InitOptions}. + {init, [NodeAlias], InitOptions}. + + {label, Label}. + {label, NodeRefs, Label}. + + {verbosity, VerbosityLevels}. + {verbosity, NodeRefs, VerbosityLevels}. + + {stylesheet, CSSFile}. + {stylesheet, NodeRefs, CSSFile}. + + {silent_connections, ConnTypes}. + {silent_connections, NodeRefs, ConnTypes}. + + {multiply_timetraps, N}. + {multiply_timetraps, NodeRefs, N}. + + {scale_timetraps, Bool}. + {scale_timetraps, NodeRefs, Bool}. + + {cover, CoverSpecFile}. + {cover, NodeRefs, CoverSpecFile}. + + {cover_stop, Bool}. + {cover_stop, NodeRefs, Bool}. + + {include, IncludeDirs}. + {include, NodeRefs, IncludeDirs}. + + {auto_compile, Bool}, + {auto_compile, NodeRefs, Bool}, + + {abort_if_missing_suites, Bool}, + {abort_if_missing_suites, NodeRefs, Bool}, + + {config, ConfigFiles}. + {config, ConfigDir, ConfigBaseNames}. + {config, NodeRefs, ConfigFiles}. + {config, NodeRefs, ConfigDir, ConfigBaseNames}. + + {userconfig, {CallbackModule, ConfigStrings}}. + {userconfig, NodeRefs, {CallbackModule, ConfigStrings}}. + + {logdir, LogDir}. + {logdir, NodeRefs, LogDir}. + + {logopts, LogOpts}. + {logopts, NodeRefs, LogOpts}. + + {create_priv_dir, PrivDirOption}. + {create_priv_dir, NodeRefs, PrivDirOption}. + + {event_handler, EventHandlers}. + {event_handler, NodeRefs, EventHandlers}. + {event_handler, EventHandlers, InitArgs}. + {event_handler, NodeRefs, EventHandlers, InitArgs}. + + {ct_hooks, CTHModules}. + {ct_hooks, NodeRefs, CTHModules}. + + {enable_builtin_hooks, Bool}. + + {basic_html, Bool}. + {basic_html, NodeRefs, Bool}. + + {release_shell, Bool}.</pre> - <p>Test terms:</p> + <p><em>Test terms:</em></p> <pre> - {suites, Dir, Suites}. - {suites, NodeRefs, Dir, Suites}. - - {groups, Dir, Suite, Groups}. - {groups, NodeRefs, Dir, Suite, Groups}. - - {groups, Dir, Suite, Groups, {cases,Cases}}. - {groups, NodeRefs, Dir, Suite, Groups, {cases,Cases}}. - - {cases, Dir, Suite, Cases}. - {cases, NodeRefs, Dir, Suite, Cases}. - - {skip_suites, Dir, Suites, Comment}. - {skip_suites, NodeRefs, Dir, Suites, Comment}. - - {skip_groups, Dir, Suite, GroupNames, Comment}. - {skip_groups, NodeRefs, Dir, Suite, GroupNames, Comment}. - - {skip_cases, Dir, Suite, Cases, Comment}. - {skip_cases, NodeRefs, Dir, Suite, Cases, Comment}.</pre> - - <p>Types:</p> + {suites, Dir, Suites}. + {suites, NodeRefs, Dir, Suites}. + + {groups, Dir, Suite, Groups}. + {groups, NodeRefs, Dir, Suite, Groups}. + + {groups, Dir, Suite, Groups, {cases,Cases}}. + {groups, NodeRefs, Dir, Suite, Groups, {cases,Cases}}. + + {cases, Dir, Suite, Cases}. + {cases, NodeRefs, Dir, Suite, Cases}. + + {skip_suites, Dir, Suites, Comment}. + {skip_suites, NodeRefs, Dir, Suites, Comment}. + + {skip_groups, Dir, Suite, GroupNames, Comment}. + {skip_groups, NodeRefs, Dir, Suite, GroupNames, Comment}. + + {skip_cases, Dir, Suite, Cases, Comment}. + {skip_cases, NodeRefs, Dir, Suite, Cases, Comment}.</pre> + + <marker id="types"></marker> + <p><em>Types:</em></p> <pre> - Bool = true | false - Constant = atom() - Value = term() - InclSpecsOption = join | separate - TestSpecs = string() | [string()] - NodeAlias = atom() - Node = node() - NodeRef = NodeAlias | Node | master - NodeRefs = all_nodes | [NodeRef] | NodeRef - InitOptions = term() - Label = atom() | string() - VerbosityLevels = integer() | [{Category,integer()}] - Category = atom() - CSSFile = string() - ConnTypes = all | [atom()] - N = integer() - CoverSpecFile = string() - IncludeDirs = string() | [string()] - ConfigFiles = string() | [string()] - ConfigDir = string() - ConfigBaseNames = string() | [string()] - CallbackModule = atom() - ConfigStrings = string() | [string()] - LogDir = string() - LogOpts = [term()] - PrivDirOption = auto_per_run | auto_per_tc | manual_per_tc - EventHandlers = atom() | [atom()] - InitArgs = [term()] - CTHModules = [CTHModule | - {CTHModule, CTHInitArgs} | - {CTHModule, CTHInitArgs, CTHPriority}] - CTHModule = atom() - CTHInitArgs = term() - Dir = string() - Suites = atom() | [atom()] | all - Suite = atom() - Groups = GroupPath | [GroupPath] | GroupSpec | [GroupSpec] | all - GroupPath = [GroupName] - GroupSpec = GroupName | {GroupName,Properties} | {GroupName,Properties,GroupSpec} - GroupName = atom() - GroupNames = GroupName | [GroupName] - Cases = atom() | [atom()] | all - Comment = string() | ""</pre> - - <section> - <p>The difference between the <c>config</c> terms above, is that with + Bool = true | false + Constant = atom() + Value = term() + InclSpecsOption = join | separate + TestSpecs = string() | [string()] + NodeAlias = atom() + Node = node() + NodeRef = NodeAlias | Node | master + NodeRefs = all_nodes | [NodeRef] | NodeRef + InitOptions = term() + Label = atom() | string() + VerbosityLevels = integer() | [{Category,integer()}] + Category = atom() + CSSFile = string() + ConnTypes = all | [atom()] + N = integer() + CoverSpecFile = string() + IncludeDirs = string() | [string()] + ConfigFiles = string() | [string()] + ConfigDir = string() + ConfigBaseNames = string() | [string()] + CallbackModule = atom() + ConfigStrings = string() | [string()] + LogDir = string() + LogOpts = [term()] + PrivDirOption = auto_per_run | auto_per_tc | manual_per_tc + EventHandlers = atom() | [atom()] + InitArgs = [term()] + CTHModules = [CTHModule | + {CTHModule, CTHInitArgs} | + {CTHModule, CTHInitArgs, CTHPriority}] + CTHModule = atom() + CTHInitArgs = term() + Dir = string() + Suites = atom() | [atom()] | all + Suite = atom() + Groups = GroupPath | [GroupPath] | GroupSpec | [GroupSpec] | all + GroupPath = [GroupName] + GroupSpec = GroupName | {GroupName,Properties} | {GroupName,Properties,GroupSpec} + GroupName = atom() + GroupNames = GroupName | [GroupName] + Cases = atom() | [atom()] | all + Comment = string() | ""</pre> + + <p>The difference between the <c>config</c> terms above is that with <c>ConfigDir</c>, <c>ConfigBaseNames</c> is a list of base names, - i.e. without directory paths. <c>ConfigFiles</c> must be full names, - including paths. E.g, these two terms have the same meaning:</p> + that is, without directory paths. <c>ConfigFiles</c> must be full names, + including paths. For example, the following two terms have the same meaning:</p> <pre> - {config, ["/home/testuser/tests/config/nodeA.cfg", - "/home/testuser/tests/config/nodeB.cfg"]}. - - {config, "/home/testuser/tests/config", ["nodeA.cfg","nodeB.cfg"]}.</pre> + {config, ["/home/testuser/tests/config/nodeA.cfg", + "/home/testuser/tests/config/nodeB.cfg"]}. + + {config, "/home/testuser/tests/config", ["nodeA.cfg","nodeB.cfg"]}.</pre> - <note><p>Any relative paths specified in the test specification, will be - relative to the directory which contains the test specification file, if + <note><p>Any relative paths, specified in the test specification, are + relative to the directory containing the test specification file if <c>ct_run -spec TestSpecFile ...</c> or <c>ct:run:test([{spec,TestSpecFile},...])</c> - executes the test. The path will be relative to the top level log directory, if + executes the test.</p> + <p>The path is relative to the top-level log directory if <c>ct:run:testspec(TestSpec)</c> executes the test.</p></note> </section> <section> <title>Constants</title> - <p>The <c>define</c> term introduces a constant, which is used to - replace the name <c>Constant</c> with <c>Value</c>, wherever it's found in - the test specification. This replacement happens during an initial iteration - through the test specification. Constants may be used anywhere in the test - specification, e.g. in arbitrary lists and tuples, and even in strings - and inside the value part of other constant definitions! A constant can + <p>The term <c>define</c> introduces a constant that is used to + replace the name <c>Constant</c> with <c>Value</c>, wherever it is found in + the test specification. This replacement occurs during an initial iteration + through the test specification. Constants can be used anywhere in the test + specification, for example, in any lists and tuples, and even in strings + and inside the value part of other constant definitions. A constant can also be part of a node name, but that is the only place where a constant can be part of an atom.</p> <note><p>For the sake of readability, the name of the constant must always - begin with an upper case letter, or a <c>$</c>, <c>?</c>, or <c>_</c>. - This also means that it must always be single quoted (obviously, since - the constant name is actually an atom, not text).</p></note> + begin with an uppercase letter, or a <c>$</c>, <c>?</c>, or <c>_</c>. + This means that it must always be single quoted (as the constant name is + an atom, not text).</p></note> <p>The main benefit of constants is that they can be used to reduce the size - (and avoid repetition) of long strings, such as file paths. Compare these - terms:</p> + (and avoid repetition) of long strings, such as file paths.</p> + <p><em>Examples:</em></p> <pre> - %% 1a. no constant - {config, "/home/testuser/tests/config", ["nodeA.cfg","nodeB.cfg"]}. - {suites, "/home/testuser/tests/suites", all}. - - %% 1b. with constant - {define, 'TESTDIR', "/home/testuser/tests"}. - {config, "'TESTDIR'/config", ["nodeA.cfg","nodeB.cfg"]}. - {suites, "'TESTDIR'/suites", all}. - - %% 2a. no constants - {config, [testnode@host1, testnode@host2], "../config", ["nodeA.cfg","nodeB.cfg"]}. - {suites, [testnode@host1, testnode@host2], "../suites", [x_SUITE, y_SUITE]}. - - %% 2b. with constants - {define, 'NODE', testnode}. - {define, 'NODES', ['NODE'@host1, 'NODE'@host2]}. - {config, 'NODES', "../config", ["nodeA.cfg","nodeB.cfg"]}. - {suites, 'NODES', "../suites", [x_SUITE, y_SUITE]}.</pre> + %% 1a. no constant + {config, "/home/testuser/tests/config", ["nodeA.cfg","nodeB.cfg"]}. + {suites, "/home/testuser/tests/suites", all}. + + %% 1b. with constant + {define, 'TESTDIR', "/home/testuser/tests"}. + {config, "'TESTDIR'/config", ["nodeA.cfg","nodeB.cfg"]}. + {suites, "'TESTDIR'/suites", all}. + + %% 2a. no constants + {config, [testnode@host1, testnode@host2], "../config", ["nodeA.cfg","nodeB.cfg"]}. + {suites, [testnode@host1, testnode@host2], "../suites", [x_SUITE, y_SUITE]}. + + %% 2b. with constants + {define, 'NODE', testnode}. + {define, 'NODES', ['NODE'@host1, 'NODE'@host2]}. + {config, 'NODES', "../config", ["nodeA.cfg","nodeB.cfg"]}. + {suites, 'NODES', "../suites", [x_SUITE, y_SUITE]}.</pre> <p>Constants make the test specification term <c>alias</c>, in previous - versions of Common Test, redundant. This term has been deprecated but will - remain supported in upcoming Common Test releases. Replacing <c>alias</c> - terms with <c>define</c> is strongly recommended though! Here's an example - of such a replacement:</p> + versions of <c>Common Test</c>, redundant. This term is deprecated but + remains supported in upcoming <c>Common Test</c> releases. Replacing <c>alias</c> + terms with <c>define</c> is strongly recommended though. An example + of such replacement follows:</p> <pre> - %% using the old alias term - {config, "/home/testuser/tests/config/nodeA.cfg"}. - {alias, suite_dir, "/home/testuser/tests/suites"}. - {groups, suite_dir, x_SUITE, group1}. - - %% replacing with constants - {define, 'TestDir', "/home/testuser/tests"}. - {define, 'CfgDir', "'TestDir'/config"}. - {define, 'SuiteDir', "'TestDir'/suites"}. - {config, 'CfgDir', "nodeA.cfg"}. - {groups, 'SuiteDir', x_SUITE, group1}.</pre> + %% using the old alias term + {config, "/home/testuser/tests/config/nodeA.cfg"}. + {alias, suite_dir, "/home/testuser/tests/suites"}. + {groups, suite_dir, x_SUITE, group1}. + + %% replacing with constants + {define, 'TestDir', "/home/testuser/tests"}. + {define, 'CfgDir', "'TestDir'/config"}. + {define, 'SuiteDir', "'TestDir'/suites"}. + {config, 'CfgDir', "nodeA.cfg"}. + {groups, 'SuiteDir', x_SUITE, group1}.</pre> - <p>Actually, constants could well replace the <c>node</c> term too, but - this still has declarative value, mainly when used in combination - with <c>NodeRefs == all_nodes</c> (see types above).</p> + <p>Constants can well replace term <c>node</c> also, but + this still has a declarative value, mainly when used in combination + with <c>NodeRefs == all_nodes</c> + (see <seealso marker="#types">Types</seealso>).</p> </section> <section> @@ -955,104 +1049,104 @@ <p>Here follows a simple test specification example:</p> <pre> - {define, 'Top', "/home/test"}. - {define, 'T1', "'Top'/t1"}. - {define, 'T2', "'Top'/t2"}. - {define, 'T3', "'Top'/t3"}. - {define, 'CfgFile', "config.cfg"}. - - {logdir, "'Top'/logs"}. - - {config, ["'T1'/'CfgFile'", "'T2'/'CfgFile'", "'T3'/'CfgFile'"]}. - - {suites, 'T1', all}. - {skip_suites, 'T1', [t1B_SUITE,t1D_SUITE], "Not implemented"}. - {skip_cases, 'T1', t1A_SUITE, [test3,test4], "Irrelevant"}. - {skip_cases, 'T1', t1C_SUITE, [test1], "Ignore"}. - - {suites, 'T2', [t2B_SUITE,t2C_SUITE]}. - {cases, 'T2', t2A_SUITE, [test4,test1,test7]}. - - {skip_suites, 'T3', all, "Not implemented"}.</pre> + {define, 'Top', "/home/test"}. + {define, 'T1', "'Top'/t1"}. + {define, 'T2', "'Top'/t2"}. + {define, 'T3', "'Top'/t3"}. + {define, 'CfgFile', "config.cfg"}. + + {logdir, "'Top'/logs"}. + + {config, ["'T1'/'CfgFile'", "'T2'/'CfgFile'", "'T3'/'CfgFile'"]}. + + {suites, 'T1', all}. + {skip_suites, 'T1', [t1B_SUITE,t1D_SUITE], "Not implemented"}. + {skip_cases, 'T1', t1A_SUITE, [test3,test4], "Irrelevant"}. + {skip_cases, 'T1', t1C_SUITE, [test1], "Ignore"}. + + {suites, 'T2', [t2B_SUITE,t2C_SUITE]}. + {cases, 'T2', t2A_SUITE, [test4,test1,test7]}. + + {skip_suites, 'T3', all, "Not implemented"}.</pre> <p>The example specifies the following:</p> - <list> - <item>The specified logdir directory will be used for storing + <list type="bulleted"> + <item>The specified <c>logdir</c> directory is used for storing the HTML log files (in subdirectories tagged with node name, - date and time).</item> - <item>The variables in the specified test system config files will be + date, and time).</item> + <item>The variables in the specified test system configuration files are imported for the test.</item> - <item>The first test to run includes all suites for system t1. Excluded from - the test are however the t1B and t1D suites. Also test cases test3 and - test4 in t1A as well as the test1 case in t1C are excluded from - the test.</item> - <item>Secondly, the test for system t2 should run. The included suites are - t2B and t2C. Included are also test cases test4, test1 and test7 in suite - t2A. Note that the test cases will be executed in the specified order.</item> - <item>Lastly, all suites for systems t3 are to be completely skipped and this - should be explicitly noted in the log files.</item> + <item>The first test to run includes all suites for system <c>t1</c>. + Suites <c>t1B</c> and <c>t1D</c> are excluded from the test. Test cases + <c>test3</c> and <c>test4</c> in <c>t1A</c> and <c>test1</c> case in <c>t1C</c> + are also excluded from the test.</item> + <item>The second test to run is for system <c>t2</c>. The included suites are + <c>t2B</c> and <c>t2C</c>. Test cases <c>test4</c>, <c>test1</c>, and <c>test7</c> in suite + <c>t2A</c> are also included. The test cases are executed in the specified order.</item> + <item>The last test to run is for system <c>t3</c>. Here, all suites are skipped and this + is explicitly noted in the log files.</item> </list> </section> <section> - <title>The init term</title> - <p>With the <c>init</c> term it's possible to specify initialization options - for nodes defined in the test specification. Currently, there are options - to start the node and/or to evaluate any function on the node. - See the <seealso marker="ct_master_chapter#ct_slave">Automatic startup of - the test target nodes</seealso> chapter for details.</p> + <title>The init Term</title> + <p>With term <c>init</c> it is possible to specify initialization options + for nodes defined in the test specification. There are options + to start the node and to evaluate any function on the node. + For details, see section <seealso marker="ct_master_chapter#ct_slave">Automatic Startup of + Test Target Nodes</seealso> in section Using Common Test for Large Scale Testing.</p> </section> <section> - <title>User specific terms</title> - <p>It is possible for the user to provide a test specification that - includes (for Common Test) unrecognizable terms. If this is desired, - the <c>-allow_user_terms</c> flag should be used when starting tests with - <c>ct_run</c>. This forces Common Test to ignore unrecognizable terms. - Note that in this mode, Common Test is not able to check the specification - for errors as efficiently as if the scanner runs in default mode. + <title>User-Specific Terms</title> + <p>The user can provide a test specification including (for <c>Common Test</c>) + unrecognizable terms. If this is desired, use flag <c>-allow_user_terms</c> + when starting tests with <c>ct_run</c>. This forces <c>Common Test</c> to ignore + unrecognizable terms. In this mode, <c>Common Test</c> is not able to check the + specification for errors as efficiently as if the scanner runs in default mode. If <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso> is used - for starting the tests, the relaxed scanner - mode is enabled by means of the tuple: <c>{allow_user_terms,true}</c></p> + for starting the tests, the relaxed scanner mode is enabled by tuple + <c>{allow_user_terms,true}</c>.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Reading test specification terms</title> - <p>It's possible to look up terms in the current test specification - (i.e. the spec that's been used to configure and run the current test). - The function <c>get_testspec_terms()</c> returns a list of all test spec - terms (both config- and test terms) and <c>get_testspec_terms(Tags)</c> - returns the term (or a list of terms) matching the tag (or tags) in - <c>Tags</c>.</p> + <title>Reading Test Specification Terms</title> + <p>Terms in the current test specification + (that is, the specification that has been used to configure and run the current test) + can be looked up. + The function <seealso marker="ct#get_testspec_terms-0"><c>get_testspec_terms()</c></seealso> + returns a list of all test specification terms (both configuration terms and test terms), + and <c>get_testspec_terms(Tags)</c> returns the term (or a list of terms) matching the + tag (or tags) in <c>Tags</c>.</p> <p>For example, in the test specification:</p> <pre> - ... - {label, my_server_smoke_test}. - {config, "../../my_server_setup.cfg"}. - {config, "../../my_server_interface.cfg"}. - ...</pre> - <p>And in e.g. a test suite or a CT hook function:</p> + ... + {label, my_server_smoke_test}. + {config, "../../my_server_setup.cfg"}. + {config, "../../my_server_interface.cfg"}. + ...</pre> + <p>And in, for example, a test suite or a <c>Common Test Hook</c> function:</p> <pre> - ... - [{label,[{_Node,TestType}]}, {config,CfgFiles}] = - ct:get_testspec_terms([label,config]), + ... + [{label,[{_Node,TestType}]}, {config,CfgFiles}] = + ct:get_testspec_terms([label,config]), - [verify_my_server_cfg(TestType, CfgFile) || {Node,CfgFile} <- CfgFiles, - Node == node()]; - ...</pre> + [verify_my_server_cfg(TestType, CfgFile) || {Node,CfgFile} <- CfgFiles, + Node == node()]; + ...</pre> </section> </section> <section> - <title>Running tests from the Web based GUI</title> + <title>Running Tests from the Web-Based GUI</title> - <p>The web based GUI, VTS, is started with the + <p>The web-based GUI, Virtual Test Server (VTS), is started with the <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#ct_run"><c>ct_run</c></seealso> - program. From the GUI you can load config files, and select - directories, suites and cases to run. You can also state the - config files, directories, suites and cases on the command line - when starting the web based GUI. + program. From the GUI, you can load configuration files and select + directories, suites, and cases to run. You can also state the + configuration files, directories, suites, and cases on the command line + when starting the web-based GUI. </p> - - <list> + <p><em>Examples:</em></p> + <list type="bulleted"> <item><c>ct_run -vts</c></item> <item><c><![CDATA[ct_run -vts -config <configfilename>]]></c></item> <item><c><![CDATA[ct_run -vts -config <configfilename> -suite <suitewithfullpath> @@ -1062,454 +1156,464 @@ <p>From the GUI you can run tests and view the result and the logs. </p> - <p>Note that <c>ct_run -vts</c> will try to open the Common Test start - page in an existing web browser window or start the browser if it is - not running. Which browser should be started may be specified with + <p><c>ct_run -vts</c> tries to open the <c>Common Test</c> start + page in an existing web browser window, or start the browser if it is + not running. Which browser to start can be specified with the browser start command option:</p> <p><c><![CDATA[ct_run -vts -browser <browser_start_cmd>]]></c></p> - <p>Example:</p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <p><c><![CDATA[$ ct_run -vts -browser 'firefox&']]></c></p> - <p>Note that the browser must run as a separate OS process or VTS will hang!</p> - <p>If no specific browser start command is specified, Firefox will - be the default browser on Unix platforms and Internet Explorer on Windows. - If Common Test fails to start a browser automatically, or <c>'none'</c> is - specified as the value for -browser (i.e. <c>-browser none</c>), start your - favourite browser manually and type in the URL that Common Test + + <note><p>The browser must run as a separate OS process, otherwise VTS hangs.</p></note> + + <p>If no specific browser start command is specified, Firefox is + the default browser on Unix platforms, and Internet Explorer on Windows. + If <c>Common Test</c> fails to start a browser automatically, or <c>none</c> is + specified as the value for <c>-browser</c> (that is, <c>-browser none</c>), start your + favourite browser manually and type the URL that <c>Common Test</c> displays in the shell.</p> </section> <section> <marker id="log_files"></marker> - <title>Log files</title> + <title>Log Files</title> <p>As the execution of the test suites proceed, events are logged in - four different ways:</p> + the following four different ways:</p> - <list> - <item>Text to the operator's console.</item> - <item>Suite related information is sent to the major log file.</item> - <item>Case related information is sent to the minor log file.</item> - <item>The HTML overview log file gets updated with test results.</item> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item>Text to the operator console.</item> + <item>Suite-related information is sent to the major log file.</item> + <item>Case-related information is sent to the minor log file.</item> + <item>The HTML overview log file is updated with test results.</item> <item>A link to all runs executed from a certain directory is written in - the log named "all_runs.html" and direct links to all tests (the - latest results) are written to the top level "index.html".</item> + the log named <c>all_runs.html</c> and direct links to all tests (the + latest results) are written to the top-level <c>index.html</c>.</item> </list> - <p>Typically the operator, who may run hundreds or thousands of - test cases, doesn't want to fill the console with details - about, or printouts from, the specific test cases. By default, the - operator will only see:</p> + <p>Typically the operator, possibly running hundreds or thousands of + test cases, does not want to fill the console with details + about, or printouts from, specific test cases. By default, the + operator only sees the following:</p> - <list> + <list type="bulleted"> <item>A confirmation that the test has started and information about how - many test cases will be executed totally.</item> + many test cases are executed in total.</item> <item>A small note about each failed test case.</item> <item>A summary of all the run test cases.</item> - <item>A confirmation that the test run is complete.</item> - <item>Some special information like error reports and progress - reports, printouts written with erlang:display/1, or io:format/3 + <item>A confirmation when the test run is complete.</item> + <item>Some special information, such as error reports, progress + reports, and printouts written with <c>erlang:display/1</c>, or <c>io:format/3</c> specifically addressed to a receiver other than <c>standard_io</c> - (e.g. the default group leader process 'user').</item> + (for example, the default group leader process <c>user</c>).</item> </list> - <p>If/when the operator wants to dig deeper into the general results, or - the result of a specific test case, he should do so by - following the links in the HTML presentation and take a look in the - major or minor log files. The "all_runs.html" page is a practical - starting point usually. It's located in <c>logdir</c> and contains - a link to each test run including a quick overview (date and time, - node name, number of tests, test names and test result totals).</p> + <p>To dig deeper into the general results, or + the result of a specific test case, the operator can do so by + following the links in the HTML presentation and read the + major or minor log files. The "all_runs.html" page is a good + starting point. It is located in <c>logdir</c> and contains + a link to each test run, including a quick overview (with date and time, + node name, number of tests, test names, and test result totals).</p> - <p>An "index.html" page is written for each test run (i.e. stored in - the "ct_run" directory tagged with node name, date and time). This - file gives a short overview of all individual tests performed in the - same test run. The test names follow this convention:</p> - <list> - <item><em>TopLevelDir.TestDir</em> (all suites in TestDir executed)</item> - <item><em>TopLevelDir.TestDir:suites</em> (specific suites were executed)</item> - <item><em>TopLevelDir.TestDir.Suite</em> (all cases in Suite executed)</item> - <item><em>TopLevelDir.TestDir.Suite:cases</em> (specific test cases were executed)</item> - <item><em>TopLevelDir.TestDir.Suite.Case</em> (only Case was executed)</item> + <p>An "index.html" page is written for each test run (that is, stored in + the <c>ct_run</c> directory tagged with node name, date, and time). This + file provides an overview of all individual tests performed in the + same test run. The test names follow the following convention:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item><c>TopLevelDir.TestDir</c> (all suites in <c>TestDir</c> executed)</item> + <item><c>TopLevelDir.TestDir:suites</c> (specific suites executed)</item> + <item><c>TopLevelDir.TestDir.Suite</c> (all cases in <c>Suite</c> executed)</item> + <item><c>TopLevelDir.TestDir.Suite:cases</c> (specific test cases executed)</item> + <item><c>TopLevelDir.TestDir.Suite.Case</c> (only <c>Case</c> executed)</item> </list> - <p>On the test run index page there is a link to the Common Test + <p>The "test run index" page includes a link to the <c>Common Test</c> Framework Log file in which information about imported configuration data and general test progress is written. This log file is useful to get snapshot information about the test - run during execution. It can also be very helpful when + run during execution. It can also be helpful when analyzing test results or debugging test suites.</p> - <p>On the test run index page it is noted if a test has missing - suites (i.e. suites that Common Test has failed to + <p>The "test run index" page indicates if a test has missing + suites (that is, suites that <c>Common Test</c> failed to compile). Names of the missing suites can be found in the - Common Test Framework Log file.</p> + <c>Common Test</c> Framework Log file.</p> <p>The major log file shows a detailed report of the test run. It includes test suite and test case names, execution time, the - exact reason for failures etc. The information is available in both + exact reason for failures, and so on. The information is available in both a file with textual and with HTML representation. The HTML file shows a - summary which gives a good overview of the test run. It also has links + summary that gives a good overview of the test run. It also has links to each individual test case log file for quick viewing with an HTML browser.</p> <p>The minor log files contain full details of every single test - case, each one in a separate file. This way, it should be + case, each in a separate file. This way, it is straightforward to compare the latest results to that of previous - test runs, even if the set of test cases changes. If SASL is running, - its logs will also be printed to the current minor log file by the + test runs, even if the set of test cases changes. If application <c>SASL</c> + is running, its logs are also printed to the current minor log file by the <seealso marker="common_test:ct_hooks_chapter#builtin_cths"> cth_log_redirect built-in hook</seealso>. </p> - <p>The full name of the minor log file (i.e. the name of the file + <p>The full name of the minor log file (that is, the name of the file including the absolute directory path) can be read during execution - of the test case. It comes as value in the tuple + of the test case. It comes as value in tuple <c>{tc_logfile,LogFileName}</c> in the <c>Config</c> list (which means it - can also be read by a pre- or post Common Test hook function). Also, + can also be read by a pre- or post <c>Common Test Hook</c> function). Also, at the start of a test case, this data is sent with an event - to any installed event handler. Please see the - <seealso marker="event_handler_chapter#event_handling">Event Handling</seealso> - chapter for details. + to any installed event handler. For details, see section + <seealso marker="event_handler_chapter#event_handling">Event Handling</seealso>. </p> - - <p>Which information goes where is user configurable via the - test server controller. Three threshold values determine what - comes out on screen, and in the major or minor log files. See - the OTP Test Server manual for information. The contents that - goes to the HTML log file is fixed however and cannot be altered.</p> - - <p>The log files are written continously during a test run and links are - always created initially when a test starts. This makes it possible - to follow test progress simply by refreshing pages in the HTML browser. + + <p>The log files are written continuously during a test run and links are + always created initially when a test starts. Thevtest progress can therefore + be followed simply by refreshing pages in the HTML browser. Statistics totals are not presented until a test is complete however.</p> <section> <marker id="logopts"></marker> - <title>Log options</title> - <p>With the <c>logopts</c> start flag, it's possible to specify - options that modify some aspects of the logging behaviour. - Currently, the following options are available:</p> - <list> - <item><c>no_src</c></item> - <item><c>no_nl</c></item> - </list> - <p>With <c>no_src</c>, the html version of the test suite source - code will not be generated during the test run (and consequently - not be available in the log file system).</p> - <p>With <c>no_nl</c>, Common Test will not add a newline character - (\n) to the end of an output string that it receives from a call to e.g. - <c>io:format/2</c>, and which it prints to the test case log.</p> + <title>Log Options</title> + <p>With start flag <c>logopts</c> options that modify some aspects + of the logging behavior can be specified. + The following options are available:</p> + <taglist> + <tag><c>no_src</c></tag> + <item><p>The HTML version of the test suite source code is not + generated during the test run (and is consequently not available + in the log file system).</p></item> + <tag><c>no_nl</c></tag> + <item><p><c>Common Test</c> does not add a newline character <c>(\n)</c> + to the end of an output string that it receives from a call to, for example, + <c>io:format/2</c>, and which it prints to the test case log.</p></item> + </taglist> + <p>For example, if a test is started with:</p> <p><c>$ ct_run -suite my_SUITE -logopts no_src</c></p> <p>then printouts during the test made by successive calls to <c>io:format("x")</c>, - will appear in the test case log as:</p> + appears in the test case log as:</p> <p><c>xxx</c></p> - <p>instead of each <c>x</c> printed on a new line, which is the default behaviour.</p> + <p>instead of each <c>x</c> printed on a new line, which is the default behavior.</p> </section> <section> <marker id="table_sorting"></marker> - <title>Sorting HTML table columns</title> - <p>By clicking the name in the column header of any table (e.g. "Ok", "Case", "Time", etc), - the table rows are sorted in whatever order makes sense for the type of value (e.g. - numerical for "Ok" or "Time", and alphabetical for "Case"). The sorting is performed - by means of JavaScript code, automatically inserted into the HTML log files. Common Test - uses the <url href="http://jquery.com">jQuery</url> library and the - <url href="http://tablesorter.com">tablesorter</url> plugin, with customized sorting - functions, for this implementation.</p> + <title>Sorting HTML Table Columns</title> + <p>By clicking the name in the column header of any table + (for example, "Ok", "Case", "Time", and so on), the table rows are sorted + in whatever order makes sense for the type of value (for example, + numerical for "Ok" or "Time", and alphabetical for "Case"). The sorting is + performed through JavaScript code, automatically inserted into the HTML + log files. <c>Common Test</c> uses the <url href="http://jquery.com">jQuery</url> + library and the + <url href="http://tablesorter.com">tablesorter</url> plugin, + with customized sorting functions, for this implementation.</p> </section> <section> <title>The Unexpected I/O Log</title> - <p>On the test suites overview page you find a link to the Unexpected I/O Log. - In this log, Common Test saves printouts made with - <c>ct:log/2</c> and <c>ct:pal/2</c>, as well as captured system error- and - progress reports, that cannot be associated with particular test cases and - therefore cannot be written to individual test case log files. This happens e.g. - if a log printout is made from an external process (not a test case process), - or if an error- or progress report comes in, during a short interval while Common - Test is not executing a test case or configuration function, <em>or</em> while - Common Test is currently executing a parallell test case group.</p> + <p>The test suites overview page includes a link to the Unexpected I/O Log. + In this log, <c>Common Test</c> saves printouts made with + <seealso marker="ct#log-2"><c>ct:log/2</c></seealso> and + <seealso marker="ct#pal-2"><c>ct:pal/2</c></seealso>, as well as captured system + error- and progress reports, which cannot be associated with particular test cases and + therefore cannot be written to individual test case log files. This occurs, + for example, if a log printout is made from an external process (not a test + case process), <em>or</em> if an error- or progress report comes in, during a short + interval while <c>Common Test</c> is not executing a test case or configuration + function, <em>or</em> while <c>Common Test</c> is currently executing a parallel + test case group.</p> </section> <section> <marker id="pre_post_test_io_log"></marker> <title>The Pre- and Post Test I/O Log</title> - <p>On the Common Test Framework Log page you find links to the so called - Pre- and Post Test I/O Log. In this log, Common Test saves printouts made with - <c>ct:log/2</c> and <c>ct:pal/2</c>, as well as captured system error- - and progress reports, that take place before - and after - the actual test run. + <p>The <c>Common Test</c> Framework Log page includes links to the + Pre- and Post Test I/O Log. In this log, <c>Common Test</c> saves printouts made + with <c>ct:log/2</c> and <c>ct:pal/2</c>, as well as captured system error- + and progress reports, which take place before, and after, the test run. Examples of this are printouts from a CT hook init- or terminate function, or progress reports generated when an OTP application is started from a CT hook - init function. Another example is an error report generated due to + init function. Another example is an error report generated because of a failure when an external application is stopped from a CT hook terminate function. All information in these examples ends up in the Pre- and Post Test I/O Log. For more information on how to synchronize test runs with external user - applications, please see the + applications, see section <seealso marker="ct_hooks_chapter#synchronizing">Synchronizing</seealso> - section in the Common Test Hooks chapter.</p> - <p>Note that logging to file with <c>ct:log/2</c> or <c>ct:pal/2</c> - only works when Common Test is running. Printouts with <c>ct:pal/2</c> - are however always displayed on screen.</p> + in section Common Test Hooks.</p> + <note><p>Logging to file with <c>ct:log/2</c> or <c>ct:pal/2</c> + only works when <c>Common Test</c> is running. Printouts with <c>ct:pal/2</c> + are however always displayed on screen.</p></note> </section> </section> <section> <marker id="html_stylesheet"></marker> <title>HTML Style Sheets</title> - <p>Common Test uses an HTML Style Sheet (CSS file) to control the look of - the HTML log files generated during test runs. If, for some reason, the - log files are not displayed correctly in the browser of your - choice, or you prefer a more primitive ("pre Common Test v1.6") look - of the logs, use the start flag/option:</p> - <pre>basic_html</pre> - <p>This disables the use of Style Sheets, as well as JavaScripts (see - table sorting above).</p> + <p><c>Common Test</c> uses an HTML Style Sheet (CSS file) to control the look of + the HTML log files generated during test runs. If the log files are not + displayed correctly in the browser of your choice, or you prefer a more + primitive ("pre <c>Common Test</c> v1.6") look of the logs, use the start + flag/option:</p> + <pre> + basic_html</pre> + <p>This disables the use of style sheets and JavaScripts (see + <seealso marker="#table_sorting">Sorting HTML Table Columns</seealso>).</p> - <p>Common Test includes an <em>optional</em> feature to allow + <p><c>Common Test</c> includes an <em>optional</em> feature to allow user HTML style sheets for customizing printouts. The functions in <c>ct</c> that print to a test case HTML log file (<c>log/3</c> and <c>pal/3</c>) accept <c>Category</c> - as first argument. With this argument it's possible to - specify a category that can be mapped to a selector in a CSS - definition. This is useful especially for coloring text + as first argument. With this argument a category can be specified + that can be mapped to a selector in a CSS + definition. This is useful, especially for coloring text differently depending on the type of (or reason for) the printout. Say you want one color for test system configuration information, a different one for test system - state information and finally one for errors detected by the - test case functions. The corresponding style sheet may - look like this:</p> + state information, and finally one for errors detected by the + test case functions. The corresponding style sheet can + look as follows:</p> <pre> - div.sys_config { background:blue; color:white } - div.sys_state { background:yellow; color:black } - div.error { background:red; color:white }</pre> + div.sys_config { background:blue; color:white } + div.sys_state { background:yellow; color:black } + div.error { background:red; color:white }</pre> - <p>To install the CSS file (Common Test inlines the definition in the - HTML code), the name may be provided when executing <c>ct_run</c>. - Example:</p> + <p>To install the CSS file (<c>Common Test</c> inlines the definition in the + HTML code), the name can be provided when executing <c>ct_run</c>.</p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <pre> - $ ct_run -dir $TEST/prog -stylesheet $TEST/styles/test_categories.css</pre> + $ ct_run -dir $TEST/prog -stylesheet $TEST/styles/test_categories.css</pre> - <p>Categories in a CSS file installed with the <c>-stylesheet</c> flag + <p>Categories in a CSS file installed with flag <c>-stylesheet</c> are on a global test level in the sense that they can be used in any - suite which is part of the test run.</p> + suite that is part of the test run.</p> - <p>It is also possible to install style sheets on a per suite and - per test case basis. Example:</p> + <p>Style sheets can also be installed on a per suite and + per test case basis.</p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <pre> - -module(my_SUITE). - ... - suite() -> [..., {stylesheet,"suite_categories.css"}, ...]. - ... - my_testcase(_) -> - ... - ct:log(sys_config, "Test node version: ~p", [VersionInfo]), - ... - ct:log(sys_state, "Connections: ~p", [ConnectionInfo]), - ... - ct:pal(error, "Error ~p detected! Info: ~p", [SomeFault,ErrorInfo]), - ct:fail(SomeFault).</pre> + -module(my_SUITE). + ... + suite() -> [..., {stylesheet,"suite_categories.css"}, ...]. + ... + my_testcase(_) -> + ... + ct:log(sys_config, "Test node version: ~p", [VersionInfo]), + ... + ct:log(sys_state, "Connections: ~p", [ConnectionInfo]), + ... + ct:pal(error, "Error ~p detected! Info: ~p", [SomeFault,ErrorInfo]), + ct:fail(SomeFault).</pre> <p>If the style sheet is installed as in this example, the categories are private to the suite in question. They can be used by all test cases in the - suite, but can not be used by other suites. A suite private style sheet, - if specified, will be used in favour of a global style sheet (one specified - with the <c>-stylesheet</c> flag). A stylesheet tuple (as returned by <c>suite/0</c> - above) can also be returned from a test case info function. In this case the + suite, but cannot be used by other suites. A suite private style sheet, + if specified, is used in favor of a global style sheet (one specified + with flag <c>-stylesheet</c>). A stylesheet tuple (as returned by <c>suite/0</c> + above) can also be returned from a test case information function. In this case the categories specified in the style sheet can only be used in that particular - test case. A test case private style sheet is used in favour of a suite or + test case. A test case private style sheet is used in favor of a suite or global level style sheet. </p> <p>In a tuple <c>{stylesheet,CSSFile}</c>, if <c>CSSFile</c> is specified - with a path, e.g. <c>"$TEST/styles/categories.css"</c>, this full - name will be used to locate the file. If only the file name is specified - however, e.g. "categories.css", then the CSS file is assumed to be located - in the data directory, <c>data_dir</c>, of the suite. The latter usage is - recommended since it is portable compared to hard coding path names in the - suite!</p> - - <p>The <c>Category</c> argument in the example above may have the + with a path, for example, <c>"$TEST/styles/categories.css"</c>, this full + name is used to locate the file. However, if only the file name is specified, + for example, <c>categories.css</c>, the CSS file is assumed to be located + in the data directory, <c>data_dir</c>, of the suite. The latter use is + recommended, as it is portable compared to hard coding path names in the + suite.</p> + + <p>Argument <c>Category</c> in the previous example can have the value (atom) <c>sys_config</c> (white on blue), <c>sys_state</c> - (black on yellow) or <c>error</c> (white on red).</p> + (black on yellow), or <c>error</c> (white on red).</p> </section> <section> <marker id="repeating_tests"></marker> - <title>Repeating tests</title> - <p>You can order Common Test to repeat the tests you specify. You can choose - to repeat tests a certain number of times, repeat tests for a specific period of time, + <title>Repeating Tests</title> + <p>You can order <c>Common Test</c> to repeat the tests you specify. You can choose + to repeat tests a number of times, repeat tests for a specific period of time, or repeat tests until a particular stop time is reached. If repetition is controlled by - means of time, it is also possible to specify what action Common Test should - take upon timeout. Either Common Test performs all tests in the current run before stopping, - or it stops as soon as the current test job is finished. Repetition can be activated by - means of <c>ct_run</c> start flags, or tuples in the <c>ct:run:test/1</c> - option list argument. The flags (options in parenthesis) are:</p> - <list> - <item><c>-repeat N ({repeat,N})</c>, where <c>N</c> is a positive integer.</item> - <item><c>-duration DurTime ({duration,DurTime})</c>, where <c>DurTime</c> is the duration, see below.</item> - <item><c>-until StopTime ({until,StopTime})</c>, where <c>StopTime</c> is finish time, see below.</item> + time, an action for <c>Common Test</c> to take upon time-out can be specified. + Either <c>Common Test</c> performs all tests in the current run + before stopping, or it stops when the current test job is finished. Repetition + can be activated by <c>ct_run</c> start flags, or tuples in the <c>ct:run:test/1</c> + option list argument. The flags (options in parentheses) are the following:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item><c>-repeat N ({repeat,N})</c>, where <c>N</c> is a positive integer</item> + <item><c>-duration DurTime ({duration,DurTime})</c>, where <c>DurTime</c> is the duration</item> + <item><c>-until StopTime ({until,StopTime})</c>, where <c>StopTime</c> is finish time</item> <item><c>-force_stop ({force_stop,true})</c></item> <item><c>-force_stop skip_rest ({force_stop,skip_rest})</c></item> </list> - <p>The duration time, <c>DurTime</c>, is specified as <c>HHMMSS</c>. Example: - <c>-duration 012030</c> or <c>{duration,"012030"}</c>, means the tests will - be executed and (if time allows) repeated, until timeout occurs after 1 h, 20 min - and 30 secs. - <c>StopTime</c> can be specified as <c>HHMMSS</c> and is then interpreted as a time today - (or possibly tomorrow). <c>StopTime</c> can also be specified as <c>YYMoMoDDHHMMSS</c>. - Example: <c>-until 071001120000</c> or <c>{until,"071001120000"}</c>, which means the tests - will be executed and (if time allows) repeated, until 12 o'clock on the 1st of Oct 2007.</p> - - <p>When timeout occurs, Common Test will never abort the ongoing test case, since - this might leave the system under test in an undefined, and possibly bad, state. - Instead Common Test will by default finish the current test - run before stopping. If the <c>force_stop</c> flag is - given, Common Test will stop as soon as the current test job - is finished, and if the <c>force_stop</c> flag is given with - <c>skip_rest</c> Common Test will only complete the current - test case and skip the rest of the tests in the test job. - Note that since Common Test always finishes off at least the - current test case, - the time specified with <c>duration</c> or <c>until</c> is never definitive!</p> - - <p>Log files from every single repeated test run is saved in normal Common Test fashion (see above). - Common Test may later support an optional feature to only store the last (and possibly - the first) set of logs of repeated test runs, but for now the user must be careful not - to run out of disk space if tests are repeated during long periods of time.</p> - - <p>Note that for each test run that is part of a repeated session, information about the - particular test run is printed in the Common Test Framework Log. There you can read - the repetition number, remaining time, etc.</p> - - <p>Example 1:</p> + <taglist> + <tag><c>DurTime</c></tag> + <item><p>The duration time is specified as <c>HHMMSS</c>, for example, <c>-duration 012030</c> + or <c>{duration,"012030"}</c></p>, which means that the tests are executed and + (if time allows) repeated until time-out occurs after 1 hour, 20 minutes, and 30 seconds. + </item> + <tag><c>StopTime</c></tag> + <item><p>The finish time can be specified as <c>HHMMSS</c> and is then interpreted as a + time today (or possibly tomorrow), but can also be specified as <c>YYMoMoDDHHMMSS</c>, + for example, <c>-until 071001120000</c> or <c>{until,"071001120000"}</c>. This means + that the tests are executed and (if time allows) repeated, until 12 o'clock on the 1st + of October 2007.</p> + </item> + </taglist> + + <p>When time-out occurs, <c>Common Test</c> never aborts the ongoing test case, + as this can leave the SUT in an undefined, and possibly bad, state. + Instead <c>Common Test</c>, by default, finishes the current test + run before stopping. If flag <c>force_stop</c> is + specified, <c>Common Test</c> stops when the current test job + is finished. If flag <c>force_stop</c> is specified with + <c>skip_rest</c>, <c>Common Test</c> only completes the current + test case and skips the remaining tests in the test job.</p> + <note><p>As <c>Common Test</c> always finishes at least the current test case, + the time specified with <c>duration</c> or <c>until</c> is never definitive.</p></note> + + <p>Log files from every repeated test run is saved in normal <c>Common Test</c> + fashion (described earlier).</p> + <p><c>Common Test</c> might later support an optional feature to only store the last (and possibly + the first) set of logs of repeated test runs, but for now the user must be careful not + to run out of disk space if tests are repeated during long periods of time.</p> + + <p>For each test run that is part of a repeated session, information about the + particular test run is printed in the <c>Common Test</c> Framework Log. The information + includes the repetition number, remaining time, and so on.</p> + + <p><em>Example 1:</em></p> <pre> - $ ct_run -dir $TEST_ROOT/to1 $TEST_ROOT/to2 -duration 001000 -force_stop</pre> - <p>Here the suites in test directory to1, followed by the suites in to2, will be executed - in one test run. A timeout event will occur after 10 minutes. As long as there is time - left, Common Test will repeat the test run (i.e. starting over with the to1 test). - When the timeout occurs, Common Test will stop as soon as the current job is finished - (because of the <c>force_stop</c> flag). As a result, the specified test run might be - aborted after the to1 test and before the to2 test.</p> - - <p>Example 2:</p> + $ ct_run -dir $TEST_ROOT/to1 $TEST_ROOT/to2 -duration 001000 -force_stop</pre> + + <p>Here, the suites in test directory <c>to1</c>, followed by the suites in <c>to2</c>, are + executed in one test run. A time-out event occurs after 10 minutes. As long as there is + time left, <c>Common Test</c> repeats the test run (that is, starting over with test <c>to1</c>). + After time-out, <c>Common Test</c> stops when the current job is finished + (because of flag <c>force_stop</c>). As a result, the specified test run can be + aborted after test <c>to1</c> and before test <c>to2</c>.</p> + + <p><em>Example 2:</em></p> <pre> - $ ct_run -dir $TEST_ROOT/to1 $TEST_ROOT/to2 -duration 001000 -forces_stop skip_rest</pre> - <p>Here the same test run as in Example 1, but with the - <c>force_stop</c> flag set to <c>skip_rest</c>. If the timeout - occurs while executing tests in directory to1, the rest of the - test cases in to1 will be skipped and then the test will be - aborted without running the tests in to2 another time. If the - timeout occurs while executing tests in directory to2, then the - rest of the test cases in to2 will be skipped and then the test - will be aborted.</p> - - <p>Example 3:</p> + $ ct_run -dir $TEST_ROOT/to1 $TEST_ROOT/to2 -duration 001000 -forces_stop skip_rest</pre> + + <p>Here, the same tests as in Example 1 are run, but with flag <c>force_stop</c> set to + <c>skip_rest</c>. If time-out occurs while executing tests in directory <c>to1</c>, + the remaining test cases in <c>to1</c> are skipped and the test is aborted without + running the tests in <c>to2</c> another time. If time-out occurs while executing + tests in directory <c>to2</c>, the remaining test cases in <c>to2</c> are skipped and + the test is aborted.</p> + + <p><em>Example 3:</em></p> <pre> - $ date - Fri Sep 28 15:00:00 MEST 2007 - - $ ct_run -dir $TEST_ROOT/to1 $TEST_ROOT/to2 -until 160000</pre> - <p>Here the same test run as in the example above will be executed (and possibly repeated). - In this example, however, the timeout will occur after 1 hour and when that happens, - Common Test will finish the entire test run before stopping (i.e. the to1 and to2 test - will always both be executed in the same test run).</p> + $ date + Fri Sep 28 15:00:00 MEST 2007 + + $ ct_run -dir $TEST_ROOT/to1 $TEST_ROOT/to2 -until 160000</pre> + + <p>Here, the same test run as in the previous examples are executed (and possibly repeated). + However, when the time-out occurs, after 1 hour, <c>Common Test</c> finishes the entire + test run before stopping (that is, both <c>to1</c> and <c>to2</c> are always executed in + the same test run).</p> - <p>Example 4:</p> + <p><em>Example 4:</em></p> <pre> - $ ct_run -dir $TEST_ROOT/to1 $TEST_ROOT/to2 -repeat 5</pre> - <p>Here the test run, including both the to1 and the to2 test, will be repeated 5 times.</p> + $ ct_run -dir $TEST_ROOT/to1 $TEST_ROOT/to2 -repeat 5</pre> + + <p>Here, the test run, including both the <c>to1</c> and the <c>to2</c> test, is repeated + five times.</p> - <note><p>This feature should not be confused with the <c>repeat</c> property of a test + <note><p>Do not confuse this feature with the <c>repeat</c> property of a test case group. The options described here are used to repeat execution of entire test runs, while the <c>repeat</c> property of a test case group makes it possible to repeat execution of sets of test cases within a suite. For more information about the latter, - see the <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups">Writing Test Suites</seealso> - chapter.</p></note> + see section <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups">Test Case Groups </seealso> + in section Writing Test Suites.</p></note> </section> <section> <marker id="silent_connections"></marker> <title>Silent Connections</title> - <p>The protocol handling processes in Common Test, implemented by ct_telnet, - ct_ssh, ct_ftp etc, do verbose printing to the test case logs. This can be switched off - by means of the <c>-silent_connections</c> flag:</p> + <p>The protocol handling processes in <c>Common Test</c>, implemented by <c>ct_telnet</c>, + <c>ct_ssh</c>, <c>ct_ftp</c>, and so on, do verbose printing to the test case logs. + This can be switched off with flag <c>-silent_connections</c>:</p> <pre> - ct_run -silent_connections [conn_types] - </pre> + ct_run -silent_connections [conn_types]</pre> - <p>where <c>conn_types</c> specifies <c>ssh, telnet, ftp, rpc</c> and/or <c>snmp</c>.</p> + <p>Here, <c>conn_types</c> specifies SSH, Telnet, FTP, RPC, and/or SNMP.</p> - <p>Example:</p> + <p><em>Example 1:</em></p> <pre> - ct_run ... -silent_connections ssh telnet</pre> - <p>switches off logging for ssh and telnet connections.</p> + ct_run ... -silent_connections ssh telnet</pre> + <p>This switches off logging for SSH and Telnet connections.</p> + + <p><em>Example 2:</em></p> <pre> - ct_run ... -silent_connections</pre> - <p>switches off logging for all connection types.</p> + ct_run ... -silent_connections</pre> + <p>This switches off logging for all connection types.</p> - <p>Fatal communication error and reconnection attempts will always be printed even - if logging has been suppressed for the connection type in question. However, operations - such as sending and receiving data will be performed silently.</p> + <p>Fatal communication error and reconnection attempts are always printed, even if + logging has been suppressed for the connection type in question. However, operations + such as sending and receiving data are performed silently.</p> - <p>It is possible to also specify <c>silent_connections</c> in a test suite. This is + <p><c>silent_connections</c> can also be specified in a test suite. This is accomplished by returning a tuple, <c>{silent_connections,ConnTypes}</c>, in the - <c>suite/0</c> or test case info list. If <c>ConnTypes</c> is a list of atoms - (<c>ssh, telnet, ftp, rpc</c> and/or <c>snmp</c>), output for any corresponding connections - will be suppressed. Full logging is per default enabled for any connection of type not + <c>suite/0</c> or test case information list. If <c>ConnTypes</c> is a list of atoms + (SSH, Telnet, FTP, RPC and/or SNMP), output for any corresponding connections + are suppressed. Full logging is by default enabled for any connection of type not specified in <c>ConnTypes</c>. Hence, if <c>ConnTypes</c> is the empty list, logging is enabled for all connections.</p> - <p>Example:</p> + <p><em>Example 3:</em></p> <pre> - - -module(my_SUITE). + -module(my_SUITE). - suite() -> [..., {silent_connections,[telnet,ssh]}, ...]. + suite() -> [..., {silent_connections,[telnet,ssh]}, ...]. - ... + ... - my_testcase1() -> - [{silent_connections,[ssh]}]. + my_testcase1() -> + [{silent_connections,[ssh]}]. - my_testcase1(_) -> - ... + my_testcase1(_) -> + ... - my_testcase2(_) -> - ... - </pre> + my_testcase2(_) -> + ...</pre> - <p>In this example, <c>suite/0</c> tells Common Test to suppress - printouts from telnet and ssh connections. This is valid for + <p>In this example, <c>suite/0</c> tells <c>Common Test</c> to suppress + printouts from Telnet and SSH connections. This is valid for all test cases. However, <c>my_testcase1/0</c> specifies that - for this test case, only ssh should be silent. The result is - that <c>my_testcase1</c> will get telnet info (if any) printed - in the log, but not ssh info. <c>my_testcase2</c> will get no - info from either connection printed.</p> + for this test case, only SSH is to be silent. The result is + that <c>my_testcase1</c> gets Telnet information (if any) printed + in the log, but not SSH information. <c>my_testcase2</c> gets no + information from either connection printed.</p> - <p><c>silent_connections</c> may also be specified with a term + <p><c>silent_connections</c> can also be specified with a term in a test specification - (see <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Test - Specifications</seealso>). Connections provided with the - <c>silent_connections</c> start flag/option, will be merged with - any connections listed in the test specification.</p> + (see section <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Test + Specifications</seealso> in section Running Tests and Analyzing Results). + Connections provided with start flag/option <c>silent_connections</c> + are merged with any connections listed in the test specification.</p> - <p>The <c>silent_connections</c> start flag/option and test - specification term, overrides any settings made by the info functions + <p>Start flag/option <c>silent_connections</c> and the test + specification term override any settings made by the information functions inside the test suite.</p> - <note><p>Note that in the current Common Test version, the - <c>silent_connections</c> feature only works for telnet - and ssh connections! Support for other connection types will be added - in future Common Test versions.</p></note> + <note><p>In the current <c>Common Test</c> version, the + <c>silent_connections</c> feature only works for Telnet + and SSH connections. Support for other connection types can be added + in future <c>Common Test</c> versions.</p></note> </section> </chapter> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/test_structure_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/test_structure_chapter.xml index d5b92b163f..a9e2c0bf9f 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/test_structure_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/test_structure_chapter.xml @@ -31,167 +31,167 @@ </header> <section> - <title>Test structure</title> + <title>General</title> <p>A test is performed by running one or more test suites. A test suite - consists of test cases (as well as configuration functions and info - functions). Test cases may be grouped in so called test case groups. + consists of test cases, configuration functions, and information + functions. Test cases can be grouped in so called test case groups. A test suite is an Erlang module and test cases are implemented as Erlang functions. Test suites are stored in test directories.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Skipping test cases</title> + <marker id="skipping_test_cases"></marker> + <title>Skipping Test Cases</title> - <p>It is possible to skip certain test cases, for example if you - know beforehand that a specific test case fails. This might be - functionality which isn't yet implemented, a bug that is known but - not yet fixed or some functionality which doesn't work or isn't + <p>Certain test cases can be skipped, for example, if you + know beforehand that a specific test case fails. The reason can be + functionality that is not yet implemented, a bug that is known but + not yet fixed, or some functionality that does not work or is not applicable on a specific platform.</p> - <p>There are several different ways to state that one or more - test cases should be skipped:</p> - <list> + <p>Test cases can be skipped in the following ways:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> <item>Using <c>skip_suites</c> and <c>skip_cases</c> terms in <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">test specifications</seealso>. </item> - <item>Returning <c>{skip,Reason}</c> from the - <c>init_per_testcase/2</c> or <c>init_per_suite/1</c> functions.</item> + <item>Returning <c>{skip,Reason}</c> from function + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:init_per_testcase-2"><c>init_per_testcase/2</c></seealso> or + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:init_per_suite-1"><c>init_per_suite/1</c></seealso>.</item> <item>Returning <c>{skip,Reason}</c> from the execution clause - of the test case.</item> + of the test case. The execution clause is called, so the author + must ensure that the test case does not run.</item> </list> - <p>The latter of course means that the execution clause is - actually called, so the author must make sure that the test case - does not run.</p> - - <p>When a test case is skipped, it will be noted as <c>SKIPPED</c> + <p>When a test case is skipped, it is noted as <c>SKIPPED</c> in the HTML log.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Definition of terms</title> + <title>Definition of Terms</title> <taglist> - <tag><em>Auto skipped test case</em></tag> + <tag><em>Auto-skipped test case</em></tag> <item> - When a configuration function fails (i.e. terminates unexpectedly), - the test cases that depend on the configuration function will be - skipped automatically by Common Test. The status of the test cases - is then "auto skipped". Test cases are also auto skipped by - Common Test if required configuration data is not available at - runtime. + <p>When a configuration function fails (that is, terminates unexpectedly), + the test cases depending on the configuration function are + skipped automatically by <c>Common Test</c>. The status of the test cases + is then "auto-skipped". Test cases are also "auto-skipped" by + <c>Common Test</c> if the required configuration data is unavailable at + runtime.</p> </item> <tag><em>Configuration function</em></tag> <item> - A function in a test suite that is meant to be used for + <p>A function in a test suite that is meant to be used for setting up, cleaning up, and/or verifying the state and - environment on the SUT (System Under Test) and/or the Common Test + environment on the System Under Test (SUT) and/or the <c>Common Test</c> host node, so that a test case (or a set of test cases) can - execute correctly. + execute correctly.</p> </item> <tag><em>Configuration file</em></tag> <item> - A file that contains data related to a test and/or an SUT - (System Under Test), e.g. protocol server addresses, client - login details, hardware interface addresses, etc - any data - that should be handled as variable in the suite and not - be hardcoded. + <p>A file containing data related to a test and/or an SUT, + for example, protocol server addresses, client + login details, and hardware interface addresses. That is, any data + that is to be handled as variable in the suite and not + be hard-coded.</p> </item> <tag><em>Configuration variable</em></tag> <item> - A name (an Erlang atom) associated with a data value read from - a configuration file. + <p>A name (an Erlang atom) associated with a data value read from + a configuration file.</p> </item> - <tag><em>data_dir</em></tag> + <tag><c>data_dir</c></tag> <item> - Data directory for a test suite. This directory contains - any files used by the test suite, e.g. additional Erlang - modules, binaries or data files. + <p>Data directory for a test suite. This directory contains + any files used by the test suite, for example, extra Erlang + modules, binaries, or data files.</p> </item> - <tag><em>Info function</em></tag> + <tag><em>Information function</em></tag> <item> - A function in a test suite that returns a list of properties - (read by the Common Test server) that describes the conditions - for executing the test cases in the suite. + <p>A function in a test suite that returns a list of properties + (read by the <c>Common Test</c> server) that describes the conditions + for executing the test cases in the suite.</p> </item> <tag><em>Major log file</em></tag> <item> - An overview and summary log file for one or more test suites. + <p>An overview and summary log file for one or more test suites.</p> </item> <tag><em>Minor log file</em></tag> <item> - A log file for one particular test case. Also called the - test case log file. + <p>A log file for one particular test case. Also called the + test case log file.</p> </item> - <tag><em>priv_dir</em></tag> + + <tag><c>priv_dir</c></tag> <item> - Private directory for a test suite. This directory should - be used when the test suite needs to write to files. + <p>Private directory for a test suite. This directory is to + be used when the test suite needs to write to files.</p> </item> - <tag><em>ct_run</em></tag> + <tag><c>ct_run</c></tag> <item> - The name of an executable program that may be + <p>The name of an executable program that can be used as an interface for specifying and running - tests with Common Test. + tests with <c>Common Test</c>.</p> </item> <tag><em>Test case</em></tag> <item> - A single test included in a test suite. A test case is - implemented as a function in a test suite module. + <p>A single test included in a test suite. A test case is + implemented as a function in a test suite module.</p> </item> <tag><em>Test case group</em></tag> <item> - A set of test cases that share configuration functions and - execution properties. The execution properties specify whether - the test cases in the group should be executed in random order, - in parallel, in sequence, and if the execution of the group - should be repeated. Test case groups may also be nested (i.e. a - group may, besides test cases, contain sub-groups). + <p>A set of test cases sharing configuration functions and + execution properties. The execution properties specify if + the test cases in the group are to be executed in random order, + in parallel, or in sequence, and if the execution of the group + is be repeated. Test case groups can also be nested. That is, + a group can, besides test cases, contain subgroups.</p> </item> <tag><em>Test suite</em></tag> <item> - An erlang module containing a collection of test cases for - a specific functional area. + <p>An Erlang module containing a collection of test cases for + a specific functional area.</p> </item> <tag><em>Test directory</em></tag> <item> - A directory that contains one or more test suite modules, i.e. - a group of test suites. + <p>A directory containing one or more test suite modules, + that is, a group of test suites.</p> </item> - <tag><em>The Config argument</em></tag> + <tag><em>Argument</em> <c>Config</c></tag> <item> - A list of key-value tuples (i.e. a property list) containing + <p>A list of key-value tuples (that is, a property list) containing runtime configuration data passed from the configuration - functions to the test cases. + functions to the test cases.</p> </item> - <tag><em>User skipped test case</em></tag> + <tag><em>User-skipped test case</em></tag> <item> - This is the status of a test case that has been explicitly - skipped in any of the ways described in the "Skipping test cases" - section above. + <p>The status of a test case explicitly skipped in any of + the ways described in section + <seealso marker="#skipping_test_cases">Skipping Test Cases</seealso>. + </p> </item> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/why_test_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/why_test_chapter.xml index 15eb1aaed4..ff6000628b 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/why_test_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/why_test_chapter.xml @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ </legalnotice> - <title>Some thoughts about testing</title> + <title>Some Thoughts about Testing</title> <prepared>Siri Hansen</prepared> <docno></docno> <date></date> @@ -34,54 +34,53 @@ <section> <title>Goals</title> - <p>It's not possible to prove that a program is correct by + <p>It is not possible to prove that a program is correct by testing. On the contrary, it has been formally proven that it is impossible to prove programs in general by testing. Theoretical - program proofs or plain examination of code may be viable options - for those that wish to certify that a program is correct. The test + program proofs or plain examination of code can be viable options + for those wishing to certify that a program is correct. The test server, as it is based on testing, cannot be used for certification. Its intended use is instead to (cost effectively) <em>find bugs</em>. A successful test suite is one that reveals a - bug. If a test suite results in Ok, then we know very little that - we didn't know before.</p> + bug. If a test suite results in OK, then we know very little that + we did not know before.</p> </section> <section> - <title>What to test?</title> + <title>What to Test</title> <p> There are many kinds of test suites. Some concentrate on calling every function or command (in the documented way) in a certain interface. - Some other do the same, but uses all kinds of illegal - parameters, and verifies that the server stays alive and rejects + Some others do the same, but use all kinds of illegal + parameters, and verify that the server stays alive and rejects the requests with reasonable error codes. Some test suites simulate an application (typically consisting of a few modules of - an application), some try to do tricky requests in general, some + an application), some try to do tricky requests in general, and some test suites even test internal functions with help of special - load-modules on target.</p> + Load Modules on target.</p> - <p>Another interesting category of test suites are the ones that - check that fixed bugs don't reoccur. When a bugfix is introduced, - a test case that checks for that specific bug should be written - and submitted to the affected test suite(s).</p> + <p>Another interesting category of test suites is the one + checking that fixed bugs do not reoccur. When a bugfix is introduced, + a test case that checks for that specific bug is written + and submitted to the affected test suites.</p> <p>Aim for finding bugs. Write whatever test that has the highest probability of finding a bug, now or in the future. Concentrate - more on the critical parts. Bugs in critical subsystems are a lot + more on the critical parts. Bugs in critical subsystems are much more expensive than others.</p> <p>Aim for functionality testing rather than implementation details. Implementation details change quite often, and the test - suites should be long lived. Often implementation details differ + suites are to be long lived. Implementation details often differ on different platforms and versions. If implementation details - have to be tested, try to factor them out into separate test - cases. Later on these test cases may be rewritten, or just - skipped.</p> + must be tested, try to factor them out into separate test + cases. These test cases can later be rewritten or skipped.</p> - <p>Also, aim for testing everything once, no less, no more. It's - not effective having every test case fail just because one + <p>Also, aim for testing everything once, no less, no more. It is + not effective having every test case fail only because one function in the interface changed.</p> </section> diff --git a/lib/common_test/doc/src/write_test_chapter.xml b/lib/common_test/doc/src/write_test_chapter.xml index 1f5650651f..fcc77f1231 100644 --- a/lib/common_test/doc/src/write_test_chapter.xml +++ b/lib/common_test/doc/src/write_test_chapter.xml @@ -32,84 +32,88 @@ <section> <marker id="intro"></marker> - <title>Support for test suite authors</title> + <title>Support for Test Suite Authors</title> - <p>The <c>ct</c> module provides the main interface for writing - test cases. This includes e.g:</p> + <p>The <seealso marker="ct"><c>ct</c></seealso> module provides the main + interface for writing test cases. This includes for example, the following:</p> - <list> + <list type="bulleted"> <item>Functions for printing and logging</item> <item>Functions for reading configuration data</item> <item>Function for terminating a test case with error reason</item> <item>Function for adding comments to the HTML overview page</item> </list> - <p>Please see the reference manual for the <c>ct</c> - module for details about these functions.</p> + <p>For details about these functions, see module <seealso marker="ct"><c>ct</c></seealso>.</p> - <p>The CT application also includes other modules named - <c><![CDATA[ct_<component>]]></c> that + <p>The <c>Common Test</c> application also includes other modules named + <c><![CDATA[ct_<component>]]></c>, which provide various support, mainly simplified use of communication - protocols such as rpc, snmp, ftp, telnet, etc.</p> + protocols such as RPC, SNMP, FTP, Telnet, and others.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Test suites</title> + <title>Test Suites</title> <p>A test suite is an ordinary Erlang module that contains test cases. It is recommended that the module has a name on the form <c>*_SUITE.erl</c>. Otherwise, the directory and auto compilation - function in CT will not be able to locate it (at least not per default). + function in <c>Common Test</c> cannot locate it (at least not by default). </p> <p>It is also recommended that the <c>ct.hrl</c> header file is included in all test suite modules. </p> - <p>Each test suite module must export the function <c>all/0</c> + <p>Each test suite module must export function + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:all-0"><c>all/0</c></seealso>, which returns the list of all test case groups and test cases to be executed in that module. </p> - <p>The callback functions that the test suite should implement, and - which will be described in more detail below, are - all listed in the <seealso marker="common_test">common_test - reference manual page</seealso>. + <p>The callback functions to be implemented by the test suite are + all listed in module <seealso marker="common_test">common_test + </seealso>. They are also described in more detail later in this User's Guide. </p> </section> <section> - <title>Init and end per suite</title> + <title>Init and End per Suite</title> - <p>Each test suite module may contain the optional configuration functions - <c>init_per_suite/1</c> and <c>end_per_suite/1</c>. If the init function - is defined, so must the end function be. + <p>Each test suite module can contain the optional configuration functions + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:init_per_suite-1"><c>init_per_suite/1</c></seealso> + and <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:end_per_suite-1"><c>end_per_suite/1</c></seealso>. + If the init function is defined, so must the end function be. </p> - <p>If it exists, <c>init_per_suite</c> is called initially before the - test cases are executed. It typically contains initializations that are - common for all test cases in the suite, and that are only to be - performed once. It is recommended to be used for setting up and - verifying state and environment on the SUT (System Under Test) and/or - the CT host node, so that the test cases in the suite will execute - correctly. Examples of initial configuration operations: Opening a connection - to the SUT, initializing a database, running an installation script, etc. + <p>If <c>init_per_suite</c> exists, it is called initially before the + test cases are executed. It typically contains initializations common + for all test cases in the suite, which are only to be performed once. + <c>init_per_suite</c> is recommended for setting up and verifying state + and environment on the System Under Test (SUT) or the <c>Common Test</c> + host node, or both, so that the test cases in the suite executes correctly. + The following are examples of initial configuration operations: </p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item>Opening a connection to the SUT</item> + <item>Initializing a database</item> + <item>Running an installation script</item> + </list> <p><c>end_per_suite</c> is called as the final stage of the test suite execution (after the last test case has finished). The function is meant to be used for cleaning up after <c>init_per_suite</c>. </p> - <p><c>init_per_suite</c> and <c>end_per_suite</c> will execute on dedicated + <p><c>init_per_suite</c> and <c>end_per_suite</c> execute on dedicated Erlang processes, just like the test cases do. The result of these functions - is however not included in the test run statistics of successful, failed and + is however not included in the test run statistics of successful, failed, and skipped cases. </p> - <p>The argument to <c>init_per_suite</c> is <c>Config</c>, the + <p>The argument to <c>init_per_suite</c> is <c>Config</c>, that is, the same key-value list of runtime configuration data that each test case takes as input argument. <c>init_per_suite</c> can modify this parameter with information that the test cases need. The possibly modified <c>Config</c> @@ -117,671 +121,683 @@ </p> <p>If <c>init_per_suite</c> fails, all test cases in the test - suite will be skipped automatically (so called <em>auto skipped</em>), + suite are skipped automatically (so called <em>auto skipped</em>), including <c>end_per_suite</c>. </p> - <p>Note that if <c>init_per_suite</c> and <c>end_per_suite</c> do not exist - in the suite, Common Test calls dummy functions (with the same names) - instead, so that output generated by hook functions may be saved to the log - files for these dummies - (see the <seealso marker="ct_hooks_chapter#manipulating">Common Test Hooks</seealso> - chapter for more information). + <p>Notice that if <c>init_per_suite</c> and <c>end_per_suite</c> do not exist + in the suite, <c>Common Test</c> calls dummy functions (with the same names) + instead, so that output generated by hook functions can be saved to the log + files for these dummies. For details, see + <seealso marker="ct_hooks_chapter#manipulating">Common Test Hooks</seealso>. </p> </section> <section> <marker id="per_testcase"/> - <title>Init and end per test case</title> + <title>Init and End per Test Case</title> <p>Each test suite module can contain the optional configuration functions - <c>init_per_testcase/2</c> and <c>end_per_testcase/2</c>. If the init function - is defined, so must the end function be.</p> + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:init_per_testcase-2"><c>init_per_testcase/2</c></seealso> + and <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:end_per_testcase-2"><c>end_per_testcase/2</c></seealso>. + If the init function is defined, so must the end function be.</p> - <p>If it exists, <c>init_per_testcase</c> is called before each - test case in the suite. It typically contains initialization which - must be done for each test case (analogue to <c>init_per_suite</c> for the + <p>If <c>init_per_testcase</c> exists, it is called before each + test case in the suite. It typically contains initialization that + must be done for each test case (analog to <c>init_per_suite</c> for the suite).</p> <p><c>end_per_testcase/2</c> is called after each test case has - finished, giving the opportunity to perform clean-up after - <c>init_per_testcase</c>.</p> + finished, enabling cleanup after <c>init_per_testcase</c>.</p> <p>The first argument to these functions is the name of the test case. This value can be used with pattern matching in function clauses or conditional expressions to choose different initialization and cleanup - routines for different test cases, or perform the same routine for a number of, + routines for different test cases, or perform the same routine for many, or all, test cases.</p> <p>The second argument is the <c>Config</c> key-value list of runtime configuration data, which has the same value as the list returned by - <c>init_per_suite</c>. <c>init_per_testcase/2</c> may modify this - parameter or return it as is. The return value of <c>init_per_testcase/2</c> - is passed as the <c>Config</c> parameter to the test case itself.</p> + <c>init_per_suite</c>. <c>init_per_testcase/2</c> can modify this + parameter or return it "as is". The return value of <c>init_per_testcase/2</c> + is passed as parameter <c>Config</c> to the test case itself.</p> <p>The return value of <c>end_per_testcase/2</c> is ignored by the test server, with exception of the - <seealso marker="dependencies_chapter#save_config">save_config</seealso> + <seealso marker="dependencies_chapter#save_config"><c>save_config</c></seealso> and <c>fail</c> tuple.</p> - <p>It is possible in <c>end_per_testcase</c> to check if the - test case was successful or not (which consequently may determine - how cleanup should be performed). This is done by reading the value - tagged with <c>tc_status</c> from <c>Config</c>. The value is either - <c>ok</c>, <c>{failed,Reason}</c> (where <c>Reason</c> is <c>timetrap_timeout</c>, - info from <c>exit/1</c>, or details of a run-time error), or - <c>{skipped,Reason}</c> (where Reason is a user specific term). + <p><c>end_per_testcase</c> can check if the test case was successful. + (which in turn can determine how cleanup is to be performed). + This is done by reading the value tagged with <c>tc_status</c> from + <c>Config</c>. The value is one of the following: </p> - - <p>The <c>end_per_testcase/2</c> function is called even after a - test case terminates due to a call to <seealso marker="ct#abort_current_testcase-1"><c>ct:abort_current_testcase/1</c></seealso>, - or after a timetrap timeout. However, <c>end_per_testcase</c> - will then execute on a different process than the test case - function, and in this situation, <c>end_per_testcase</c> will - not be able to change the reason for test case termination by - returning <c>{fail,Reason}</c>, nor will it be able to save data with - <c>{save_config,Data}</c>.</p> - - <p>If <c>init_per_testcase</c> crashes, the test case itself gets skipped - automatically (so called <em>auto skipped</em>). If <c>init_per_testcase</c> - returns a tuple <c>{skip,Reason}</c>, also then the test case gets skipped - (so called <em>user skipped</em>). It is also possible, by returning a tuple - <c>{fail,Reason}</c> from <c>init_per_testcase</c>, to mark the test case - as failed without actually executing it. + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p><c>ok</c></p> + </item> + <item> + <p><c>{failed,Reason}</c></p> + <p>where <c>Reason</c> is <c>timetrap_timeout</c>, information from <c>exit/1</c>, + or details of a runtime error</p></item> + <item> + <p><c>{skipped,Reason}</c></p> + <p>where <c>Reason</c> is a user-specific term</p></item> + </list> + + <p>Function <c>end_per_testcase/2</c> is even called if a + test case terminates because of a call to + <seealso marker="ct#abort_current_testcase-1"><c>ct:abort_current_testcase/1</c></seealso>, + or after a timetrap time-out. However, <c>end_per_testcase</c> + then executes on a different process than the test case + function. In this situation, <c>end_per_testcase</c> cannot + change the reason for test case termination by returning <c>{fail,Reason}</c> + or save data with <c>{save_config,Data}</c>.</p> + + <p>The test case is skipped in the following two cases: </p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item>If <c>init_per_testcase</c> crashes (called <em>auto skipped</em>).</item> + <item>If <c>init_per_testcase</c> returns a tuple <c>{skip,Reason}</c> + (called <em>user skipped</em>).</item> + </list> + <p>The test case can also be marked as failed without executing it + by returning a tuple <c>{fail,Reason}</c> from <c>init_per_testcase</c>.</p> + <note><p>If <c>init_per_testcase</c> crashes, or returns <c>{skip,Reason}</c> - or <c>{fail,Reason}</c>, the <c>end_per_testcase</c> function is not called. + or <c>{fail,Reason}</c>, function <c>end_per_testcase</c> is not called. </p></note> <p>If it is determined during execution of <c>end_per_testcase</c> that - the status of a successful test case should be changed to failed, - <c>end_per_testcase</c> may return the tuple: <c>{fail,Reason}</c> + the status of a successful test case is to be changed to failed, + <c>end_per_testcase</c> can return the tuple <c>{fail,Reason}</c> (where <c>Reason</c> describes why the test case fails).</p> - <p><c>init_per_testcase</c> and <c>end_per_testcase</c> execute on the - same Erlang process as the test case and printouts from these - configuration functions can be found in the test case log file.</p> + <p>As <c>init_per_testcase</c> and <c>end_per_testcase</c> execute on the + same Erlang process as the test case, printouts from these + configuration functions are included in the test case log file.</p> </section> <section> <marker id="test_cases"></marker> - <title>Test cases</title> + <title>Test Cases</title> <p>The smallest unit that the test server is concerned with is a - test case. Each test case can actually test many things, for - example make several calls to the same interface function with + test case. Each test case can test many things, for + example, make several calls to the same interface function with different parameters. </p> - <p>It is possible to choose to put many or few tests into each test - case. What exactly each test case does is of course up to the - author, but here are some things to keep in mind: + <p>The author can choose to put many or few tests into each test + case. Some things to keep in mind follows: </p> - - <p>Having many small test cases tend to result in extra, and possibly + <list type="bulleted"> + <item><p>Many small test cases tend to result in extra, and possibly duplicated code, as well as slow test execution because of - large overhead for initializations and cleanups. Duplicated - code should be avoided, e.g. by means of common help functions, or - the resulting suite will be difficult to read and understand, and + large overhead for initializations and cleanups. Avoid duplicated + code, for example, by using common help functions. Otherwise, + the resulting suite becomes difficult to read and understand, and expensive to maintain. - </p> - - <p>Larger test cases make it harder to tell what went wrong if it - fails, and large portions of test code will potentially be skipped - when errors occur. Furthermore, readability and maintainability suffers - when test cases become too large and extensive. Also, the resulting log - files may not reflect very well the number of tests that have - actually been performed. - </p> + </p></item> + <item><p>Larger test cases make it harder to tell what went wrong if it + fails. Also, large portions of test code risk being skipped + when errors occur.</p> + </item> + <item><p>Readability and maintainability suffer + when test cases become too large and extensive. It is not certain + that the resulting log files reflect very well the number of tests + performed. + </p></item> + </list> <p>The test case function takes one argument, <c>Config</c>, which contains configuration information such as <c>data_dir</c> and - <c>priv_dir</c>. (See <seealso marker="#data_priv_dir">Data and - Private Directories</seealso> for more information about these). - The value of <c>Config</c> at the time of the call, is the same - as the return value from <c>init_per_testcase</c>, see above. + <c>priv_dir</c>. (For details about these, see section + <seealso marker="#data_priv_dir">Data and Private Directories</seealso>. + The value of <c>Config</c> at the time of the call, is the same + as the return value from <c>init_per_testcase</c>, mentioned earlier. </p> - <note><p>The test case function argument <c>Config</c> should not be - confused with the information that can be retrieved from + <note><p>The test case function argument <c>Config</c> is not to be + confused with the information that can be retrieved from the configuration files (using <seealso marker="ct#get_config-1"><c> - ct:get_config/1/2</c></seealso>). The Config argument - should be used for runtime configuration of the test suite and the - test cases, while configuration files should typically contain data + ct:get_config/1/2</c></seealso>). The test case argument <c>Config</c> + is to be used for runtime configuration of the test suite and the + test cases, while configuration files are to contain data related to the SUT. These two types of configuration data are handled - differently!</p></note> + differently.</p></note> - <p>Since the <c>Config</c> parameter is a list of key-value tuples, i.e. - a data type generally called a property list, it can be handled by means of the - <c>proplists</c> module in the OTP <c>stdlib</c>. A value can for example - be searched for and returned with the <c>proplists:get_value/2</c> function. - Also, or alternatively, you might want to look in the general <c>lists</c> module, - also in <c>stdlib</c>, for useful functions. Normally, the only operations you - ever perform on <c>Config</c> is insert (adding a tuple to the head of the list) - and lookup. Common Test provides a simple macro named <c>?config</c>, which returns - a value of an item in <c>Config</c> given the key (exactly like + <p>As parameter <c>Config</c> is a list of key-value tuples, that is, + a data type called a property list, it can be handled by the + <seealso marker="stdlib:proplists"><c>stdlib:proplists</c></seealso> module. + A value can, for example, be searched for and returned with function + <seealso marker="stdlib:proplists#get_value-2"><c>proplists:get_value/2</c></seealso>. + Also, or alternatively, the general <seealso marker="stdlib:lists"><c>stdlib:lists</c></seealso> + module contains useful functions. Normally, the only operations + performed on <c>Config</c> is insert (adding a tuple to the head of the list) + and lookup. <c>Common Test</c> provides a simple macro named <c>?config</c>, + which returns a value of an item in <c>Config</c> given the key (exactly like <c>proplists:get_value</c>). Example: <c>PrivDir = ?config(priv_dir, Config)</c>. </p> <p>If the test case function crashes or exits purposely, it is considered - <em>failed</em>. If it returns a value (no matter what actual value) it is + <em>failed</em>. If it returns a value (no matter what value), it is considered successful. An exception to this rule is the return value <c>{skip,Reason}</c>. If this tuple is returned, the test case is considered - skipped and gets logged as such.</p> + skipped and is logged as such.</p> <p>If the test case returns the tuple <c>{comment,Comment}</c>, the case - is considered successful and <c>Comment</c> is printed out in the overview - log file. This is by the way equal to calling <c>ct:comment(Comment)</c>. + is considered successful and <c>Comment</c> is printed in the overview + log file. This is equal to calling + <seealso marker="ct#comment-1"><c>ct:comment(Comment)</c></seealso>. </p> </section> <section> <marker id="info_function"></marker> - <title>Test case info function</title> + <title>Test Case Information Function</title> - <p>For each test case function there can be an additional function - with the same name but with no arguments. This is the test case - info function. The test case info function is expected to return a - list of tagged tuples that specifies various properties regarding the - test case. + <p>For each test case function there can be an extra function + with the same name but without arguments. This is the test case + information function. It is expected to return a list of tagged + tuples that specifies various properties regarding the test case. </p> <p>The following tags have special meaning:</p> <taglist> - <tag><em><c>timetrap</c></em></tag> + <tag><c>timetrap</c></tag> <item> <p> - Set the maximum time the test case is allowed to execute. If - the timetrap time is exceeded, the test case fails with - reason <c>timetrap_timeout</c>. Note that <c>init_per_testcase</c> + Sets the maximum time the test case is allowed to execute. If + this time is exceeded, the test case fails with + reason <c>timetrap_timeout</c>. Notice that <c>init_per_testcase</c> and <c>end_per_testcase</c> are included in the timetrap time. - Please see the <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#timetraps">Timetrap</seealso> - section for more details. + For details, see section + <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#timetraps">Timetrap Time-Outs</seealso>. </p> </item> - <tag><em><c>userdata</c></em></tag> + <tag><c>userdata</c></tag> <item> <p> - Use this to specify arbitrary data related to the testcase. This - data can be retrieved at any time using the <seealso marker="ct#userdata-3"><c>ct:userdata/3</c></seealso> + Specifies any data related to the test case. This + data can be retrieved at any time using the + <seealso marker="ct#userdata-3"><c>ct:userdata/3</c></seealso> utility function. </p> </item> - <tag><em><c>silent_connections</c></em></tag> + <tag><c>silent_connections</c></tag> <item> <p> - Please see the - <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#silent_connections">Silent Connections</seealso> - chapter for details. + For details, see section + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#silent_connections">Silent Connections</seealso>. </p> </item> - <tag><em><c>require</c></em></tag> + <tag><c>require</c></tag> <item> <p> - Use this to specify configuration variables that are required by the + Specifies configuration variables required by the test case. If the required configuration variables are not found in any of the test system configuration files, the test case is skipped.</p> <p> - It is also possible to give a required variable a default value that will + A required variable can also be given a default value to be used if the variable is not found in any configuration file. To specify - a default value, add a tuple on the form: - <c>{default_config,ConfigVariableName,Value}</c> to the test case info list + a default value, add a tuple on the form + <c>{default_config,ConfigVariableName,Value}</c> to the test case information list (the position in the list is irrelevant). - Examples:</p> + </p> + <p><em>Examples:</em></p> <pre> - testcase1() -> - [{require, ftp}, - {default_config, ftp, [{ftp, "my_ftp_host"}, - {username, "aladdin"}, - {password, "sesame"}]}}].</pre> + testcase1() -> + [{require, ftp}, + {default_config, ftp, [{ftp, "my_ftp_host"}, + {username, "aladdin"}, + {password, "sesame"}]}}].</pre> <pre> - testcase2() -> - [{require, unix_telnet, unix}, - {require, {unix, [telnet, username, password]}}, - {default_config, unix, [{telnet, "my_telnet_host"}, - {username, "aladdin"}, - {password, "sesame"}]}}].</pre> + testcase2() -> + [{require, unix_telnet, unix}, + {require, {unix, [telnet, username, password]}}, + {default_config, unix, [{telnet, "my_telnet_host"}, + {username, "aladdin"}, + {password, "sesame"}]}}].</pre> </item> </taglist> - <p>See the <seealso marker="config_file_chapter#require_config_data">Config files</seealso> - chapter and the <seealso marker="ct#require-1"><c> - ct:require/1/2</c></seealso> function in the - <seealso marker="ct">ct</seealso> reference manual for more information about - <c>require</c>.</p> + <p>For more information about <c>require</c>, see section + <seealso marker="config_file_chapter#require_config_data"> + Requiring and Reading Configuration Data</seealso> + in section External Configuration Data and function + <seealso marker="ct#require-1"><c>ct:require/1/2</c></seealso>.</p> <note><p>Specifying a default value for a required variable can result - in a test case always getting executed. This might not be a desired behaviour!</p> + in a test case always getting executed. This might not be a desired behavior.</p> </note> - <p>If <c>timetrap</c> and/or <c>require</c> is not set specifically for - a particular test case, default values specified by the <c>suite/0</c> - function are used. + <p>If <c>timetrap</c> or <c>require</c>, or both, is not set specifically for + a particular test case, default values specified by function + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:suite-0"><c>suite/0</c></seealso> + are used. </p> - <p>Other tags than the ones mentioned above will simply be ignored by - the test server. + <p>Tags other than the earlier mentioned are ignored by the test server. </p> <p> - Example of a test case info function: + An example of a test case information function follows: </p> <pre> - reboot_node() -> - [ - {timetrap,{seconds,60}}, - {require,interfaces}, - {userdata, - [{description,"System Upgrade: RpuAddition Normal RebootNode"}, - {fts,"http://someserver.ericsson.se/test_doc4711.pdf"}]} - ].</pre> + reboot_node() -> + [ + {timetrap,{seconds,60}}, + {require,interfaces}, + {userdata, + [{description,"System Upgrade: RpuAddition Normal RebootNode"}, + {fts,"http://someserver.ericsson.se/test_doc4711.pdf"}]} + ].</pre> </section> <section> <marker id="suite"></marker> - <title>Test suite info function</title> - - <p>The <c>suite/0</c> function can be used in a test suite - module to e.g. set a default <c>timetrap</c> value and to - <c>require</c> external configuration data. If a test case-, or - group info function also specifies any of the info tags, it - overrides the default values set by <c>suite/0</c>. See the test - case info function above, and group info function below, for more - details. + <title>Test Suite Information Function</title> + + <p>Function <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:suite-0"><c>suite/0</c></seealso> + can, for example, be used in a test suite module to set a default + <c>timetrap</c> value and to <c>require</c> external configuration data. + If a test case, or a group information function also specifies any of the information tags, it + overrides the default values set by <c>suite/0</c>. For details, + see + <seealso marker="#info_function">Test Case Information Function</seealso> and + <seealso marker="#test_case_groups">Test Case Groups</seealso>. </p> - <p>Other options that may be specified with the suite info list are:</p> - <list> + <p>The following options can also be specified with the suite information list:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> <item><c>stylesheet</c>, - see <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#html_stylesheet">HTML Style Sheets</seealso>.</item> + see <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#html_stylesheet">HTML Style Sheets</seealso></item> <item><c>userdata</c>, - see <seealso marker="#info_function">Test case info function</seealso>.</item> + see <seealso marker="#info_function">Test Case Information Function</seealso></item> <item><c>silent_connections</c>, - see <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#silent_connections">Silent Connections</seealso>.</item> + see <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#silent_connections">Silent Connections</seealso></item> </list> <p> - Example of the suite info function: + An example of the suite information function follows: </p> <pre> - suite() -> - [ - {timetrap,{minutes,10}}, - {require,global_names}, - {userdata,[{info,"This suite tests database transactions."}]}, - {silent_connections,[telnet]}, - {stylesheet,"db_testing.css"} - ].</pre> + suite() -> + [ + {timetrap,{minutes,10}}, + {require,global_names}, + {userdata,[{info,"This suite tests database transactions."}]}, + {silent_connections,[telnet]}, + {stylesheet,"db_testing.css"} + ].</pre> </section> <section> <marker id="test_case_groups"></marker> - <title>Test case groups</title> - <p>A test case group is a set of test cases that share configuration + <title>Test Case Groups</title> + <p>A test case group is a set of test cases sharing configuration functions and execution properties. Test case groups are defined by - means of the <c>groups/0</c> function according to the following syntax:</p> + function + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:groups-0"><c>groups/0</c></seealso> + according to the following syntax:</p> <pre> - groups() -> GroupDefs + groups() -> GroupDefs - Types: + Types: - GroupDefs = [GroupDef] - GroupDef = {GroupName,Properties,GroupsAndTestCases} - GroupName = atom() - GroupsAndTestCases = [GroupDef | {group,GroupName} | TestCase] - TestCase = atom()</pre> + GroupDefs = [GroupDef] + GroupDef = {GroupName,Properties,GroupsAndTestCases} + GroupName = atom() + GroupsAndTestCases = [GroupDef | {group,GroupName} | TestCase] + TestCase = atom()</pre> - <p><c>GroupName</c> is the name of the group and should be unique within - the test suite module. Groups may be nested, and this is accomplished - simply by including a group definition within the <c>GroupsAndTestCases</c> - list of another group. <c>Properties</c> is the list of execution - properties for the group. The possible values are:</p> + <p><c>GroupName</c> is the name of the group and must be unique within + the test suite module. Groups can be nested, by including a group definition + within the <c>GroupsAndTestCases</c> list of another group. + <c>Properties</c> is the list of execution + properties for the group. The possible values are as follows:</p> <pre> - Properties = [parallel | sequence | Shuffle | {RepeatType,N}] - Shuffle = shuffle | {shuffle,Seed} - Seed = {integer(),integer(),integer()} - RepeatType = repeat | repeat_until_all_ok | repeat_until_all_fail | - repeat_until_any_ok | repeat_until_any_fail - N = integer() | forever</pre> - - <p>If the <c>parallel</c> property is specified, Common Test will execute - all test cases in the group in parallel. If <c>sequence</c> is specified, - the cases will be executed in a sequence, as described in the chapter - <seealso marker="dependencies_chapter#sequences">Dependencies between - test cases and suites</seealso>. If <c>shuffle</c> is specified, the cases - in the group will be executed in random order. The <c>repeat</c> property - orders Common Test to repeat execution of the cases in the group a given - number of times, or until any, or all, cases fail or succeed.</p> - - <p>Example:</p> + Properties = [parallel | sequence | Shuffle | {RepeatType,N}] + Shuffle = shuffle | {shuffle,Seed} + Seed = {integer(),integer(),integer()} + RepeatType = repeat | repeat_until_all_ok | repeat_until_all_fail | + repeat_until_any_ok | repeat_until_any_fail + N = integer() | forever</pre> + + <p><em>Explanations:</em></p> + <taglist> + <tag><c>parallel</c></tag> + <item><p><c>Common Test</c> executes all test cases in the group in parallel.</p></item> + <tag><c>sequence</c></tag> + <item><p>The cases are executed in a sequence as described in section + <seealso marker="dependencies_chapter#sequences">Sequences</seealso> in section + Dependencies Between Test Cases and Suites.</p></item> + <tag><c>shuffle</c></tag> + <item><p>The cases in the group are executed in random order.</p></item> + <tag><c>repeat</c></tag> + <item><p>Orders <c>Common Test</c> to repeat execution of the cases in the + group a given number of times, or until any, or all, cases fail or succeed.</p></item> + </taglist> + + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <pre> - groups() -> [{group1, [parallel], [test1a,test1b]}, - {group2, [shuffle,sequence], [test2a,test2b,test2c]}].</pre> + groups() -> [{group1, [parallel], [test1a,test1b]}, + {group2, [shuffle,sequence], [test2a,test2b,test2c]}].</pre> - <p>To specify in which order groups should be executed (also with respect - to test cases that are not part of any group), tuples on the form - <c>{group,GroupName}</c> should be added to the <c>all/0</c> list. Example:</p> + <p>To specify in which order groups are to be executed (also with respect + to test cases that are not part of any group), add tuples on the form + <c>{group,GroupName}</c> to the <c>all/0</c> list.</p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <pre> - all() -> [testcase1, {group,group1}, testcase2, {group,group2}].</pre> + all() -> [testcase1, {group,group1}, testcase2, {group,group2}].</pre> - <p>It is also possible to specify execution properties with a group - tuple in <c>all/0</c>: <c>{group,GroupName,Properties}</c>. These - properties will override those specified in the group definition (see - <c>groups/0</c> above). This way, it's possible to run the same set of tests, + <p>Execution properties with a group tuple in + <c>all/0</c>: <c>{group,GroupName,Properties}</c> can also be specified. + These properties override those specified in the group definition (see + <c>groups/0</c> earlier). This way, the same set of tests can be run, but with different properties, without having to make copies of the group definition in question.</p> - <p>If a group contains sub-groups, the execution properties for these may + <p>If a group contains subgroups, the execution properties for these can also be specified in the group tuple: - <c>{group,GroupName,Properties,SubGroups}</c>, where <c>SubGroups</c> - is a list of tuples, <c>{GroupName,Properties}</c>, or - <c>{GroupName,Properties,SubGroups}</c>, representing the sub-groups. - Any sub-groups defined in <c>group/0</c> for a group, that are not specified - in the <c>SubGroups</c> list, will simply execute with their pre-defined + <c>{group,GroupName,Properties,SubGroups}</c> + Where, <c>SubGroups</c> is a list of tuples, <c>{GroupName,Properties}</c> or + <c>{GroupName,Properties,SubGroups}</c> representing the subgroups. + Any subgroups defined in <c>group/0</c> for a group, that are not specified + in the <c>SubGroups</c> list, executes with their predefined properties.</p> - <p>Example:</p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <pre> - groups() -> {tests1, [], [{tests2, [], [t2a,t2b]}, - {tests3, [], [t31,t3b]}]}.</pre> - <p>To execute group 'tests1' twice with different properties for 'tests2' + groups() -> {tests1, [], [{tests2, [], [t2a,t2b]}, + {tests3, [], [t31,t3b]}]}.</pre> + <p>To execute group <c>tests1</c> twice with different properties for <c>tests2</c> each time:</p> <pre> - all() -> - [{group, tests1, default, [{tests2, [parallel]}]}, - {group, tests1, default, [{tests2, [shuffle,{repeat,10}]}]}].</pre> - <p>Note that this is equivalent to this specification:</p> + all() -> + [{group, tests1, default, [{tests2, [parallel]}]}, + {group, tests1, default, [{tests2, [shuffle,{repeat,10}]}]}].</pre> + <p>This is equivalent to the following specification:</p> <pre> - all() -> - [{group, tests1, default, [{tests2, [parallel]}, - {tests3, default}]}, - {group, tests1, default, [{tests2, [shuffle,{repeat,10}]}, - {tests3, default}]}].</pre> - <p>The value <c>default</c> states that the pre-defined properties - should be used.</p> - <p>Here's an example of how to override properties in a scenario + all() -> + [{group, tests1, default, [{tests2, [parallel]}, + {tests3, default}]}, + {group, tests1, default, [{tests2, [shuffle,{repeat,10}]}, + {tests3, default}]}].</pre> + <p>Value <c>default</c> states that the predefined properties + are to be used.</p> + <p>The following example shows how to override properties in a scenario with deeply nested groups:</p> <pre> - groups() -> - [{tests1, [], [{group, tests2}]}, - {tests2, [], [{group, tests3}]}, - {tests3, [{repeat,2}], [t3a,t3b,t3c]}]. - - all() -> - [{group, tests1, default, - [{tests2, default, - [{tests3, [parallel,{repeat,100}]}]}]}].</pre> - - <p>The syntax described above may also be used in Test Specifications - in order to change properties of groups at the time of execution, - without even having to edit the test suite (please see the - <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Test - Specifications</seealso> chapter for more info).</p> - - <p>As illustrated above, properties may be combined. If e.g. - <c>shuffle</c>, <c>repeat_until_any_fail</c> and <c>sequence</c> - are all specified, the test cases in the group will be executed + groups() -> + [{tests1, [], [{group, tests2}]}, + {tests2, [], [{group, tests3}]}, + {tests3, [{repeat,2}], [t3a,t3b,t3c]}]. + + all() -> + [{group, tests1, default, + [{tests2, default, + [{tests3, [parallel,{repeat,100}]}]}]}].</pre> + + <p>The described syntax can also be used in test specifications + to change group properties at the time of execution, + without having to edit the test suite. For more information, see + section <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#test_specifications">Test + Specifications</seealso> in section Running Tests and Analyzing Results.</p> + + <p>As illustrated, properties can be combined. If, for example, + <c>shuffle</c>, <c>repeat_until_any_fail</c>, and <c>sequence</c> + are all specified, the test cases in the group are executed repeatedly, and in random order, until a test case fails. Then - execution is immediately stopped and the rest of the cases skipped.</p> + execution is immediately stopped and the remaining cases are skipped.</p> <p>Before execution of a group begins, the configuration function - <c>init_per_group(GroupName, Config)</c> is called. The list of tuples - returned from this function is passed to the test cases in the usual - manner by means of the <c>Config</c> argument. <c>init_per_group/2</c> - is meant to be used for initializations common for the test cases in the - group. After execution of the group is finished, the - <c>end_per_group(GroupName, Config</c> function is called. This function - is meant to be used for cleaning up after <c>init_per_group/2</c>.</p> + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:init_per_group-2"><c>init_per_group(GroupName, Config)</c></seealso> + is called. The list of tuples returned from this function is passed to the + test cases in the usual manner by argument <c>Config</c>. + <c>init_per_group/2</c> is meant to be used for initializations common + for the test cases in the group. After execution of the group is finished, function + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:end_per_group-2"><c>end_per_group(GroupName, Config)</c></seealso> + is called. This function is meant to be used for cleaning up after + <c>init_per_group/2</c>.</p> <p>Whenever a group is executed, if <c>init_per_group</c> and - <c>end_per_group</c> do not exist in the suite, Common Test calls + <c>end_per_group</c> do not exist in the suite, <c>Common Test</c> calls dummy functions (with the same names) instead. Output generated by - hook functions will be saved to the log files for these dummies - (see the <seealso marker="ct_hooks_chapter#manipulating">Common Test - Hooks</seealso> chapter for more information). + hook functions are saved to the log files for these dummies. + For more information, see section + <seealso marker="ct_hooks_chapter#manipulating">Manipulating Tests</seealso> + in section Common Test Hooks. </p> <note><p><c>init_per_testcase/2</c> and <c>end_per_testcase/2</c> are always called for each individual test case, no matter if the case belongs to a group or not.</p></note> - <p>The properties for a group is always printed on the top of the HTML log - for <c>init_per_group/2</c>. Also, the total execution time for a group - can be found at the bottom of the log for <c>end_per_group/2</c>.</p> + <p>The properties for a group are always printed in the top of the HTML log + for <c>init_per_group/2</c>. The total execution time for a group is + included at the bottom of the log for <c>end_per_group/2</c>.</p> - <p>Test case groups may be nested so that sets of groups can be + <p>Test case groups can be nested so sets of groups can be configured with the same <c>init_per_group/2</c> and <c>end_per_group/2</c> - functions. Nested groups may be defined by including a group definition, - or a group name reference, in the test case list of another group. Example:</p> + functions. Nested groups can be defined by including a group definition, + or a group name reference, in the test case list of another group.</p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <pre> - groups() -> [{group1, [shuffle], [test1a, - {group2, [], [test2a,test2b]}, - test1b]}, - {group3, [], [{group,group4}, - {group,group5}]}, - {group4, [parallel], [test4a,test4b]}, - {group5, [sequence], [test5a,test5b,test5c]}].</pre> - - <p>In the example above, if <c>all/0</c> would return group name references - in this order: <c>[{group,group1},{group,group3}]</c>, the order of the - configuration functions and test cases will be the following (note that + groups() -> [{group1, [shuffle], [test1a, + {group2, [], [test2a,test2b]}, + test1b]}, + {group3, [], [{group,group4}, + {group,group5}]}, + {group4, [parallel], [test4a,test4b]}, + {group5, [sequence], [test5a,test5b,test5c]}].</pre> + + <p>In the previous example, if <c>all/0</c> returns group name references + in the order <c>[{group,group1},{group,group3}]</c>, the order of the + configuration functions and test cases becomes the following (notice that <c>init_per_testcase/2</c> and <c>end_per_testcase/2:</c> are also always called, but not included in this example for simplification):</p> <pre> -- init_per_group(group1, Config) -> Config1 (*) - --- test1a(Config1) - --- init_per_group(group2, Config1) -> Config2 - ---- test2a(Config2), test2b(Config2) - --- end_per_group(group2, Config2) - --- test1b(Config1) - -- end_per_group(group1, Config1) - -- init_per_group(group3, Config) -> Config3 - --- init_per_group(group4, Config3) -> Config4 - ---- test4a(Config4), test4b(Config4) (**) - --- end_per_group(group4, Config4) - --- init_per_group(group5, Config3) -> Config5 - ---- test5a(Config5), test5b(Config5), test5c(Config5) - --- end_per_group(group5, Config5) - -- end_per_group(group3, Config3) - - - (*) The order of test case test1a, test1b and group2 is not actually - defined since group1 has a shuffle property. - - (**) These cases are not executed in order, but in parallel.</pre> - - <p>Properties are not inherited from top level groups to nested - sub-groups. E.g, in the example above, the test cases in <c>group2</c> - will not be executed in random order (which is the property of - <c>group1</c>).</p> + init_per_group(group1, Config) -> Config1 (*) + test1a(Config1) + init_per_group(group2, Config1) -> Config2 + test2a(Config2), test2b(Config2) + end_per_group(group2, Config2) + test1b(Config1) + end_per_group(group1, Config1) + init_per_group(group3, Config) -> Config3 + init_per_group(group4, Config3) -> Config4 + test4a(Config4), test4b(Config4) (**) + end_per_group(group4, Config4) + init_per_group(group5, Config3) -> Config5 + test5a(Config5), test5b(Config5), test5c(Config5) + end_per_group(group5, Config5) + end_per_group(group3, Config3)</pre> + + <p>(*) The order of test case <c>test1a</c>, <c>test1b</c>, and <c>group2</c> is + undefined, as <c>group1</c> has a shuffle property.</p> + <p>(**) These cases are not executed in order, but in parallel.</p> + <p>Properties are not inherited from top-level groups to nested + subgroups. For instance, in the previous example, the test cases in <c>group2</c> + are not executed in random order (which is the property of <c>group1</c>).</p> </section> <section> - <title>The parallel property and nested groups</title> - <p>If a group has a parallel property, its test cases will be spawned - simultaneously and get executed in parallel. A test case is not allowed - to execute in parallel with <c>end_per_group/2</c> however, which means - that the time it takes to execute a parallel group is equal to the + <title>Parallel Property and Nested Groups</title> + <p>If a group has a parallel property, its test cases are spawned + simultaneously and get executed in parallel. However, a test case is not + allowed to execute in parallel with <c>end_per_group/2</c>, which means + that the time to execute a parallel group is equal to the execution time of the slowest test case in the group. A negative side effect of running test cases in parallel is that the HTML summary pages - are not updated with links to the individual test case logs until the - <c>end_per_group/2</c> function for the group has finished.</p> + are not updated with links to the individual test case logs until function + <c>end_per_group/2</c> for the group has finished.</p> - <p>A group nested under a parallel group will start executing in parallel + <p>A group nested under a parallel group starts executing in parallel with previous (parallel) test cases (no matter what properties the nested - group has). Since, however, test cases are never executed in parallel with - <c>init_per_group/2</c> or <c>end_per_group/2</c> of the same group, it's - only after a nested group has finished that any remaining parallel cases - in the previous group get spawned.</p> + group has). However, as test cases are never executed in parallel with + <c>init_per_group/2</c> or <c>end_per_group/2</c> of the same group, it is + only after a nested group has finished that remaining parallel cases + in the previous group become spawned.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Parallel test cases and IO</title> - <p>A parallel test case has a private IO server as its group leader. - (Please see the Erlang Run-Time System Application documentation for - a description of the group leader concept). The - central IO server process that handles the output from regular test - cases and configuration functions, does not respond to IO messages + <title>Parallel Test Cases and I/O</title> + <p>A parallel test case has a private I/O server as its group leader. + (For a description of the group leader concept, see + <seealso marker="erts"><c>ERTS</c></seealso>). + The central I/O server process, which handles the output from + regular test cases and configuration functions, does not respond to I/O messages during execution of parallel groups. This is important to understand - in order to avoid certain traps, like this one:</p> - <p>If a process, <c>P</c>, is spawned during execution of e.g. - <c>init_per_suite/1</c>, it will inherit the group leader of the - <c>init_per_suite</c> process. This group leader is the central IO server - process mentioned above. If, at a later time, <em>during parallel test case + to avoid certain traps, like the following:</p> + <p>If a process, <c>P</c>, is spawned during execution of, for example, + <c>init_per_suite/1</c>, it inherits the group leader of the + <c>init_per_suite</c> process. This group leader is the central I/O server + process mentioned earlier. If, at a later time, <em>during parallel test case execution</em>, some event triggers process <c>P</c> to call - <c>io:format/1/2</c>, that call will never return (since the group leader - is in a non-responsive state) and cause <c>P</c> to hang. + <c>io:format/1/2</c>, that call never returns (as the group leader + is in a non-responsive state) and causes <c>P</c> to hang. </p> </section> <section> - <title>Repeated groups</title> + <title>Repeated Groups</title> <marker id="repeated_groups"></marker> - <p>A test case group may be repeated a certain number of times + <p>A test case group can be repeated a certain number of times (specified by an integer) or indefinitely (specified by <c>forever</c>). - The repetition may also be stopped prematurely if any or all cases - fail or succeed, i.e. if the property <c>repeat_until_any_fail</c>, + The repetition can also be stopped too early if any or all cases + fail or succeed, that is, if any of the properties <c>repeat_until_any_fail</c>, <c>repeat_until_any_ok</c>, <c>repeat_until_all_fail</c>, or <c>repeat_until_all_ok</c> is used. If the basic <c>repeat</c> property is used, status of test cases is irrelevant for the repeat operation.</p> - <p>It is possible to return the status of a sub-group (ok or - failed), to affect the execution of the group on the level above. + <p>The status of a subgroup can be returned (<c>ok</c> or + <c>failed</c>), to affect the execution of the group on the level above. This is accomplished by, in <c>end_per_group/2</c>, looking up the value of <c>tc_group_properties</c> in the <c>Config</c> list and checking the - result of the test cases in the group. If status <c>failed</c> should be - returned from the group as a result, <c>end_per_group/2</c> should return - the value <c>{return_group_result,failed}</c>. The status of a sub-group - is taken into account by Common Test when evaluating if execution of a - group should be repeated or not (unless the basic <c>repeat</c> + result of the test cases in the group. If status <c>failed</c> is to be + returned from the group as a result, <c>end_per_group/2</c> is to return + the value <c>{return_group_result,failed}</c>. The status of a subgroup + is taken into account by <c>Common Test</c> when evaluating if execution of a + group is to be repeated or not (unless the basic <c>repeat</c> property is used).</p> - <p>The <c>tc_group_properties</c> value is a list of status tuples, - each with the key <c>ok</c>, <c>skipped</c> and <c>failed</c>. The - value of a status tuple is a list containing names of test cases + <p>The value of <c>tc_group_properties</c> is a list of status tuples, + each with the key <c>ok</c>, <c>skipped</c>, and <c>failed</c>. The + value of a status tuple is a list with names of test cases that have been executed with the corresponding status as result.</p> - <p>Here's an example of how to return the status from a group:</p> + <p>The following is an example of how to return the status from a group:</p> <pre> - end_per_group(_Group, Config) -> - Status = ?config(tc_group_result, Config), - case proplists:get_value(failed, Status) of - [] -> % no failed cases - {return_group_result,ok}; - _Failed -> % one or more failed - {return_group_result,failed} - end.</pre> - - <p>It is also possible in <c>end_per_group/2</c> to check the status of - a sub-group (maybe to determine what status the current group should also - return). This is as simple as illustrated in the example above, only the - name of the group is stored in a tuple <c>{group_result,GroupName}</c>, - which can be searched for in the status lists. Example:</p> + end_per_group(_Group, Config) -> + Status = ?config(tc_group_result, Config), + case proplists:get_value(failed, Status) of + [] -> % no failed cases + {return_group_result,ok}; + _Failed -> % one or more failed + {return_group_result,failed} + end.</pre> + + <p>It is also possible, in <c>end_per_group/2</c>, to check the status of + a subgroup (maybe to determine what status the current group is to + return). This is as simple as illustrated in the previous example, only the + group name is stored in a tuple <c>{group_result,GroupName}</c>, + which can be searched for in the status lists.</p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <pre> - end_per_group(group1, Config) -> - Status = ?config(tc_group_result, Config), - Failed = proplists:get_value(failed, Status), - case lists:member({group_result,group2}, Failed) of - true -> - {return_group_result,failed}; - false -> - {return_group_result,ok} - end; - ...</pre> + end_per_group(group1, Config) -> + Status = ?config(tc_group_result, Config), + Failed = proplists:get_value(failed, Status), + case lists:member({group_result,group2}, Failed) of + true -> + {return_group_result,failed}; + false -> + {return_group_result,ok} + end; + ...</pre> <note><p>When a test case group is repeated, the configuration - functions, <c>init_per_group/2</c> and <c>end_per_group/2</c>, are + functions <c>init_per_group/2</c> and <c>end_per_group/2</c> are also always called with each repetition.</p></note> </section> <section> - <title>Shuffled test case order</title> - <p>The order that test cases in a group are executed, is under normal + <title>Shuffled Test Case Order</title> + <p>The order in which test cases in a group are executed is under normal circumstances the same as the order specified in the test case list - in the group definition. With the <c>shuffle</c> property set, however, - Common Test will instead execute the test cases in random order.</p> + in the group definition. With property <c>shuffle</c> set, however, + <c>Common Test</c> instead executes the test cases in random order.</p> - <p>The user may provide a seed value (a tuple of three integers) with - the shuffle property: <c>{shuffle,Seed}</c>. This way, the same shuffling + <p>You can provide a seed value (a tuple of three integers) with + the shuffle property <c>{shuffle,Seed}</c>. This way, the same shuffling order can be created every time the group is executed. If no seed value - is given, Common Test creates a "random" seed for the shuffling operation + is specified, <c>Common Test</c> creates a "random" seed for the shuffling operation (using the return value of <c>erlang:now()</c>). The seed value is always printed to the <c>init_per_group/2</c> log file so that it can be used to recreate the same execution order in a subsequent test run.</p> - <note><p>If a shuffled test case group is repeated, the seed will not - be reset in between turns.</p></note> + <note><p>If a shuffled test case group is repeated, the seed is not + reset between turns.</p></note> - <p>If a sub-group is specified in a group with a <c>shuffle</c> property, - the execution order of this sub-group in relation to the test cases - (and other sub-groups) in the group, is also random. The order of the - test cases in the sub-group is however not random (unless, of course, the - sub-group also has a <c>shuffle</c> property).</p> + <p>If a subgroup is specified in a group with a <c>shuffle</c> property, + the execution order of this subgroup in relation to the test cases + (and other subgroups) in the group, is random. The order of the + test cases in the subgroup is however not random (unless the + subgroup has a <c>shuffle</c> property).</p> </section> <section> <marker id="group_info"></marker> - <title>Group info function</title> + <title>Group Information Function</title> - <p>The test case group info function, <c>group(GroupName)</c>, - serves the same purpose as the suite- and test case info - functions previously described in this chapter. The scope for - the group info, however, is all test cases and sub-groups in the + <p>The test case group information function, <c>group(GroupName)</c>, + serves the same purpose as the suite- and test case information + functions previously described. However, the scope for + the group information function, is all test cases and subgroups in the group in question (<c>GroupName</c>).</p> - <p>Example:</p> + <p><em>Example:</em></p> <pre> - group(connection_tests) -> - [{require,login_data}, - {timetrap,1000}].</pre> + group(connection_tests) -> + [{require,login_data}, + {timetrap,1000}].</pre> - <p>The group info properties override those set with the - suite info function, and may in turn be overridden by test - case info properties. Please see the test case info - function above for a list of valid info properties and more - general information.</p> + <p>The group information properties override those set with the + suite information function, and can in turn be overridden by test + case information properties. For a list of valid information properties + and more general information, see the + <seealso marker="#info_function">Test Case Information Function</seealso>. + </p> </section> <section> - <title>Info functions for init- and end-configuration</title> - <p>It is possible to use info functions also for the <c>init_per_suite</c>, - <c>end_per_suite</c>, <c>init_per_group</c>, and <c>end_per_group</c> - functions, and it works the same way as with info functions - for test cases (see above). This is useful e.g. for setting - timetraps and requiring external configuration data relevant - only for the configuration function in question (without - affecting properties set for groups and test cases in the suite).</p> - - <p>The info function <c>init/end_per_suite()</c> is called for - <c>init/end_per_suite(Config)</c>, and info function + <title>Information Functions for Init- and End-Configuration</title> + <p>Information functions can also be used for functions <c>init_per_suite</c>, + <c>end_per_suite</c>, <c>init_per_group</c>, and <c>end_per_group</c>, + and they work the same way as with the + <seealso marker="#info_function">Test Case Information Function</seealso>. + This is useful, for example, for setting timetraps and requiring + external configuration data relevant only for the configuration + function in question (without affecting properties set for groups + and test cases in the suite).</p> + + <p>The information function <c>init/end_per_suite()</c> is called for + <c>init/end_per_suite(Config)</c>, and information function <c>init/end_per_group(GroupName)</c> is called for - <c>init/end_per_group(GroupName,Config)</c>. Info functions - can not be used with <c>init/end_per_testcase(TestCase, Config)</c>, - however, since these configuration functions execute on the test case process - and will use the same properties as the test case (i.e. the properties - set by the test case info function, <c>TestCase()</c>). Please see the test case - info function above for a list of valid info properties and more - general information. + <c>init/end_per_group(GroupName,Config)</c>. However, information functions + cannot be used with <c>init/end_per_testcase(TestCase, Config)</c>, + as these configuration functions execute on the test case process + and use the same properties as the test case (that is, the properties + set by the test case information function, <c>TestCase()</c>). For a list + of valid information properties and more general information, see the + <seealso marker="#info_function">Test Case Information Function</seealso>. </p> </section> @@ -789,77 +805,78 @@ <marker id="data_priv_dir"></marker> <title>Data and Private Directories</title> - <p>The data directory, <c>data_dir</c>, is the directory where the - test module has its own files needed for the testing. The name - of the <c>data_dir</c> is the the name of the test suite followed - by <c>"_data"</c>. For example, - <c>"some_path/foo_SUITE.beam"</c> has the data directory + <p>In the data directory, <c>data_dir</c>, the test module has + its own files needed for the testing. The name of <c>data_dir</c> + is the the name of the test suite followed by <c>"_data"</c>. + For example, <c>"some_path/foo_SUITE.beam"</c> has the data directory <c>"some_path/foo_SUITE_data/"</c>. Use this directory for portability, - i.e. to avoid hardcoding directory names in your suite. Since the data - directory is stored in the same directory as your test suite, you should - be able to rely on its existence at runtime, even if the path to your + that is, to avoid hardcoding directory names in your suite. As the data + directory is stored in the same directory as your test suite, you can + rely on its existence at runtime, even if the path to your test suite directory has changed between test suite implementation and execution. </p> <!-- <p> - When using the Common Test framework <c>ct</c>, automatic + When using the <c>Common Test</c> framework <c>ct</c>, automatic compilation of code in the data directory can be obtained by - placing a makefile source called Makefile.src in the data - directory. Makefile.src will be converted to a valid makefile by - <c>ct</c> when the test suite is run. See the reference manual for - the <c>ct</c> module for details about the syntax of Makefile.src. + placing a makefile source called <c>Makefile.src</c> in the data + directory. <c>Makefile.src</c> is converted to a valid makefile by + <c>ct</c> when the test suite is run. For details about the syntax + of <c>Makefile.src</c>, see module <seealso marker="ct"><c>ct</c></seealso>. </p> --> <p> <c>priv_dir</c> is the private directory for the test cases. - This directory may be used whenever a test case (or configuration function) + This directory can be used whenever a test case (or configuration function) needs to write something to file. The name of the private directory is - generated by Common Test, which also creates the directory. + generated by <c>Common Test</c>, which also creates the directory. </p> - <p>By default, Common Test creates one central private directory - per test run that all test cases share. This may not always be suitable, - especially if the same test cases are executed multiple times during - a test run (e.g. if they belong to a test case group with repeat - property), and there's a risk that files in the private directory get - overwritten. Under these circumstances, it's possible to configure - Common Test to create one dedicated private directory per - test case and execution instead. This is accomplished by means of - the flag/option: <c>create_priv_dir</c> (to be used with the - <c>ct_run</c> program, the <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso> function, or + <p>By default, <c>Common Test</c> creates one central private directory + per test run, shared by all test cases. This is not always suitable. + Especially if the same test cases are executed multiple times during + a test run (that is, if they belong to a test case group with property + <c>repeat</c>) and there is a risk that files in the private directory get + overwritten. Under these circumstances, <c>Common Test</c> can be + configured to create one dedicated private directory per + test case and execution instead. This is accomplished with + the flag/option <c>create_priv_dir</c> (to be used with the + <seealso marker="ct_run"><c>ct_run</c></seealso> program, the + <seealso marker="ct#run_test-1"><c>ct:run_test/1</c></seealso> function, or as test specification term). There are three possible values - for this option: + for this option as follows: </p> - <list> + <list type="bulleted"> <item><c>auto_per_run</c></item> <item><c>auto_per_tc</c></item> <item><c>manual_per_tc</c></item> </list> <p> - The first value indicates the default priv_dir behaviour, i.e. + The first value indicates the default <c>priv_dir</c> behavior, that is, one private directory created per test run. The two latter - values tell Common Test to generate a unique test directory name + values tell <c>Common Test</c> to generate a unique test directory name per test case and execution. If the auto version is used, <em>all</em> - private directories will be created automatically. This can obviously - become very inefficient for test runs with many test cases and/or - repetitions. Therefore, in case the manual version is instead used, the - test case must tell Common Test to create priv_dir when it needs it. - It does this by calling the function <seealso marker="ct#make_priv_dir-0"><c>ct:make_priv_dir/0</c></seealso>. + private directories are created automatically. This can become very + inefficient for test runs with many test cases or repetitions, or both. + Therefore, if the manual version is used instead, the test case must tell + <c>Common Test</c> to create <c>priv_dir</c> when it needs it. + It does this by calling the function + <seealso marker="ct#make_priv_dir-0"><c>ct:make_priv_dir/0</c></seealso>. </p> - <note><p>You should not depend on current working directory for - reading and writing data files since this is not portable. All + <note><p>Do not depend on the current working directory for + reading and writing data files, as this is not portable. All scratch files are to be written in the <c>priv_dir</c> and all - data files should be located in <c>data_dir</c>. Note also that - the Common Test server sets current working directory to the test case - log directory at the start of every case. + data files are to be located in <c>data_dir</c>. Also, + the <c>Common Test</c> server sets the current working directory to + the test case log directory at the start of every case. </p></note> </section> <section> - <title>Execution environment</title> + <title>Execution Environment</title> <p>Each test case is executed by a dedicated Erlang process. The process is spawned when the test case starts, and terminated when @@ -876,236 +893,251 @@ <section> <marker id="timetraps"></marker> - <title>Timetrap timeouts</title> + <title>Timetrap Time-Outs</title> <p>The default time limit for a test case is 30 minutes, unless a <c>timetrap</c> is specified either by the suite-, group-, - or test case info function. The timetrap timeout value defined by - <c>suite/0</c> is the value that will be used for each test case - in the suite (as well as for the configuration functions + or test case information function. The timetrap time-out value defined by + <c>suite/0</c> is the value that is used for each test case + in the suite (and for the configuration functions <c>init_per_suite/1</c>, <c>end_per_suite/1</c>, <c>init_per_group/2</c>, and <c>end_per_group/2</c>). A timetrap value defined by <c>group(GroupName)</c> overrides one defined by <c>suite()</c> - and will be used for each test case in group <c>GroupName</c>, and any - of its sub-groups. If a timetrap value is defined by <c>group/1</c> - for a sub-group, it overrides that of its higher level groups. Timetrap - values set by individual test cases (by means of the test case info + and is used for each test case in group <c>GroupName</c>, and any + of its subgroups. If a timetrap value is defined by <c>group/1</c> + for a subgroup, it overrides that of its higher level groups. Timetrap + values set by individual test cases (by the test case information function) override both group- and suite- level timetraps.</p> - <p>It is also possible to dynamically set/reset a timetrap during the - excution of a test case, or configuration function. This is done by calling - <seealso marker="ct#timetrap-1"><c>ct:timetrap/1</c></seealso>. This function cancels the current timetrap - and starts a new one (that stays active until timeout, or end of the - current function).</p> + <p>A timetrap can also be set or reset dynamically during the + execution of a test case, or configuration function. + This is done by calling + <seealso marker="ct#timetrap-1"><c>ct:timetrap/1</c></seealso>. + This function cancels the current timetrap and starts a new one + (that stays active until time-out, or end of the current function).</p> <p>Timetrap values can be extended with a multiplier value specified at - startup with the <c>multiply_timetraps</c> option. It is also possible - to let the test server decide to scale up timetrap timeout values - automatically, e.g. if tools such as cover or trace are running during - the test. This feature is disabled by default and can be enabled with - the <c>scale_timetraps</c> start option.</p> + startup with option <c>multiply_timetraps</c>. It is also possible + to let the test server decide to scale up timetrap time-out values + automatically. That is, if tools such as <c>cover</c> or <c>trace</c> + are running during the test. This feature is disabled by default and + can be enabled with start option <c>scale_timetraps</c>.</p> <p>If a test case needs to suspend itself for a time that also gets multipled by <c>multiply_timetraps</c> (and possibly also scaled up if - <c>scale_timetraps</c> is enabled), the function <seealso marker="ct#sleep-1"><c>ct:sleep/1</c></seealso> - may be used (instead of e.g. <c>timer:sleep/1</c>).</p> + <c>scale_timetraps</c> is enabled), the function + <seealso marker="ct#sleep-1"><c>ct:sleep/1</c></seealso> + can be used (instead of, for example, <c>timer:sleep/1</c>).</p> - <p>A function (<c>fun/0</c> or <c>MFA</c>) may be specified as - timetrap value in the suite-, group- and test case info function, as - well as argument to the <seealso marker="ct#timetrap-1"><c>ct:timetrap/1</c></seealso> function. Examples:</p> + <p>A function (<c>fun/0</c> or <c>{Mod,Func,Args}</c> (MFA) tuple) can be + specified as timetrap value in the suite-, group- and test case information + function, and as argument to function + <seealso marker="ct#timetrap-1"><c>ct:timetrap/1</c></seealso>.</p> + <p><em>Examples:</em></p> <p><c>{timetrap,{my_test_utils,timetrap,[?MODULE,system_start]}}</c></p> <p><c>ct:timetrap(fun() -> my_timetrap(TestCaseName, Config) end)</c></p> - <p>The user timetrap function may be used for two things:</p> - <list> - <item>To act as a timetrap - the timeout is triggered when the + <p>The user timetrap function can be used for two things as follows:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item>To act as a timetrap. The time-out is triggered when the function returns.</item> <item>To return a timetrap time value (other than a function).</item> </list> <p>Before execution of the timetrap function (which is performed - on a parallel, dedicated timetrap process), Common Test cancels + on a parallel, dedicated timetrap process), <c>Common Test</c> cancels any previously set timer for the test case or configuration function. - When the timetrap function returns, the timeout is triggered, <em>unless</em> + When the timetrap function returns, the time-out is triggered, <em>unless</em> the return value is a valid timetrap time, such as an integer, - or a <c>{SecMinOrHourTag,Time}</c> tuple (see the - <seealso marker="common_test">common_test reference manual</seealso> for - details). If a time value is returned, a new timetrap is started - to generate a timeout after the specified time.</p> + or a <c>{SecMinOrHourTag,Time}</c> tuple (for details, see module + <seealso marker="common_test">common_test</seealso>). If a time value + is returned, a new timetrap is started to generate a time-out after + the specified time.</p> - <p>The user timetrap function may of course return a time value after a delay, - and if so, the effective timetrap time is the delay time <em>plus</em> the + <p>The user timetrap function can return a time value after a delay. + The effective timetrap time is then the delay time <em>plus</em> the returned time.</p> </section> <section> <marker id="logging"></marker> - <title>Logging - categories and verbosity levels</title> - <p>Common Test provides three main functions for printing strings:</p> - <list> + <title>Logging - Categories and Verbosity Levels</title> + <p><c>Common Test</c> provides the following three main functions for + printing strings:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> <item><c>ct:log(Category, Importance, Format, Args)</c></item> <item><c>ct:print(Category, Importance, Format, Args)</c></item> <item><c>ct:pal(Category, Importance, Format, Args)</c></item> </list> - <p>The <c>log/1/2/3/4</c> function will print a string to the test case - log file. The <c>print/1/2/3/4</c> function will print the string to screen, - and the <c>pal/1/2/3/4</c> function will print the same string both to file and - screen. (The functions are documented in the <c>ct</c> reference manual).</p> - - <p>The optional <c>Category</c> argument may be used to categorize the - log printout, and categories can be used for two things:</p> - <list> + <p>The <seealso marker="ct#log-1"><c>log/1,2,3,4</c></seealso> function + prints a string to the test case log file. + The <seealso marker="ct#print-1"><c>print/1,2,3,4</c></seealso> function + prints the string to screen. + The <seealso marker="ct#pal-1"><c>pal/1,2,3,4</c></seealso> function + prints the same string both to file and screen. The functions are described + in module <seealso marker="ct">ct</seealso>. + </p> + + <p>The optional <c>Category</c> argument can be used to categorize the + log printout. Categories can be used for two things as follows:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> <item>To compare the importance of the printout to a specific - verbosity level, and</item> - <item>to format the printout according to a user specific HTML + verbosity level.</item> + <item>To format the printout according to a user-specific HTML Style Sheet (CSS).</item> </list> - <p>The <c>Importance</c> argument specifies a level of importance - which, compared to a verbosity level (general and/or set per category), - determines if the printout should be visible or not. <c>Importance</c> - is an arbitrary integer in the range 0..99. Pre-defined constants + <p>Argument <c>Importance</c> specifies a level of importance + that, compared to a verbosity level (general and/or set per category), + determines if the printout is to be visible. <c>Importance</c> + is any integer in the range 0..99. Predefined constants exist in the <c>ct.hrl</c> header file. The default importance level, - <c>?STD_IMPORTANCE</c> (used if the <c>Importance</c> argument is not - provided), is 50. This is also the importance used for standard IO, e.g. - from printouts made with <c>io:format/2</c>, <c>io:put_chars/1</c>, etc.</p> + <c>?STD_IMPORTANCE</c> (used if argument <c>Importance</c> is not + provided), is 50. This is also the importance used for standard I/O, + for example, from printouts made with <c>io:format/2</c>, + <c>io:put_chars/1</c>, and so on.</p> - <p><c>Importance</c> is compared to a verbosity level set by means of the + <p><c>Importance</c> is compared to a verbosity level set by the <c>verbosity</c> start flag/option. The verbosity level can be set per - category and/or generally. The default verbosity level, <c>?STD_VERBOSITY</c>, - is 50, i.e. all standard IO gets printed. If a lower verbosity level is set, - standard IO printouts will be ignored. Common Test performs the following test:</p> - <pre>Importance >= (100-VerbosityLevel)</pre> + category or generally, or both. The default verbosity level, + <c>?STD_VERBOSITY</c>, is 50, that is, all standard I/O gets printed. + If a lower verbosity level is set, standard I/O printouts are ignored. + <c>Common Test</c> performs the following test:</p> + <pre> + Importance >= (100-VerbosityLevel)</pre> <p>This also means that verbosity level 0 effectively turns all logging off - (with the exception of printouts made by Common Test itself).</p> + (except from printouts made by <c>Common Test</c> itself).</p> <p>The general verbosity level is not associated with any particular - category. This level sets the threshold for the standard IO printouts, - uncategorized <c>ct:log/print/pal</c> printouts, as well as + category. This level sets the threshold for the standard I/O printouts, + uncategorized <c>ct:log/print/pal</c> printouts, and printouts for categories with undefined verbosity level.</p> - <p>Example:</p> - <pre> - Some printouts during test case execution: - - io:format("1. Standard IO, importance = ~w~n", [?STD_IMPORTANCE]), - ct:log("2. Uncategorized, importance = ~w", [?STD_IMPORTANCE]), - ct:log(info, "3. Categorized info, importance = ~w", [?STD_IMPORTANCE]]), - ct:log(info, ?LOW_IMPORTANCE, "4. Categorized info, importance = ~w", [?LOW_IMPORTANCE]), - ct:log(error, "5. Categorized error, importance = ~w", [?HI_IMPORTANCE]), - ct:log(error, ?HI_IMPORTANCE, "6. Categorized error, importance = ~w", [?MAX_IMPORTANCE]), - - If starting the test without specifying any verbosity levels: - - $ ct_run ... - - the following gets printed: - - 1. Standard IO, importance = 50 - 2. Uncategorized, importance = 50 - 3. Categorized info, importance = 50 - 5. Categorized error, importance = 75 - 6. Categorized error, importance = 99 - - If starting the test with: - - $ ct_run -verbosity 1 and info 75 - - the following gets printed: - - 3. Categorized info, importance = 50 - 4. Categorized info, importance = 25 - 6. Categorized error, importance = 99</pre> - - <p>How categories can be mapped to CSS tags is documented in the - <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#html_stylesheet">Running Tests</seealso> - chapter.</p> - - <p>The <c>Format</c> and <c>Args</c> arguments in <c>ct:log/print/pal</c> are - always passed on to the <c>io:format/3</c> function in <c>stdlib</c> - (please see the <c>io</c> manual page for details).</p> + <p><em>Examples:</em></p> + <p>Some printouts during test case execution:</p> + <pre> + io:format("1. Standard IO, importance = ~w~n", [?STD_IMPORTANCE]), + ct:log("2. Uncategorized, importance = ~w", [?STD_IMPORTANCE]), + ct:log(info, "3. Categorized info, importance = ~w", [?STD_IMPORTANCE]]), + ct:log(info, ?LOW_IMPORTANCE, "4. Categorized info, importance = ~w", [?LOW_IMPORTANCE]), + ct:log(error, "5. Categorized error, importance = ~w", [?HI_IMPORTANCE]), + ct:log(error, ?HI_IMPORTANCE, "6. Categorized error, importance = ~w", [?MAX_IMPORTANCE]),</pre> + + <p>If starting the test without specifying any verbosity levels as follows:</p> + <pre> + $ ct_run ...</pre> + <p>the following is printed:</p> + <pre> + 1. Standard IO, importance = 50 + 2. Uncategorized, importance = 50 + 3. Categorized info, importance = 50 + 5. Categorized error, importance = 75 + 6. Categorized error, importance = 99</pre> + + <p>If starting the test with:</p> + <pre> + $ ct_run -verbosity 1 and info 75</pre> + <p>the following is printed:</p> + <pre> + 3. Categorized info, importance = 50 + 4. Categorized info, importance = 25 + 6. Categorized error, importance = 99</pre> + + <p>How categories can be mapped to CSS tags is documented in section + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#html_stylesheet">HTML Style Sheets</seealso> + in section Running Tests and Analyzing Results.</p> + + <p>The arguments <c>Format</c> and <c>Args</c> in <c>ct:log/print/pal</c> are + always passed on to function <c>stdlib:io:format/3</c> (For details, see the + <seealso marker="stdlib:io"><c>stdlib:io</c></seealso> manual page).</p> - <p>For more information about log files, please see the - <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#log_files">Running Tests</seealso> chapter.</p> + <p>For more information about log files, see section + <seealso marker="run_test_chapter#log_files">Log Files</seealso> + in section Running Tests and Analyzing Results.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Illegal dependencies</title> + <title>Illegal Dependencies</title> <p>Even though it is highly efficient to write test suites with - the Common Test framework, there will surely be mistakes made, - mainly due to illegal dependencies. Noted below are some of the + the <c>Common Test</c> framework, mistakes can be made, + mainly because of illegal dependencies. Some of the more frequent mistakes from our own experience with running the - Erlang/OTP test suites.</p> + Erlang/OTP test suites follows:</p> - <list> - <item>Depending on current directory, and writing there:<br></br> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item><p>Depending on current directory, and writing there:</p> <p>This is a common error in test suites. It is assumed that - the current directory is the same as what the author used as + the current directory is the same as the author used as current directory when the test case was developed. Many test cases even try to write scratch files to this directory. Instead - <c>data_dir</c> and <c>priv_dir</c> should be used to locate + <c>data_dir</c> and <c>priv_dir</c> are to be used to locate data and for writing scratch files. </p> </item> - <item>Depending on execution order:<br></br> + <item><p>Depending on execution order:</p> - <p>During development of test suites, no assumption should preferrably - be made about the execution order of the test cases or suites. - E.g. a test case should not assume that a server it depends on, - has already been started by a previous test case. There are - several reasons for this: - </p> - <p>Firstly, the user/operator may specify the order at will, and maybe - a different execution order is more relevant or efficient on - some particular occasion. Secondly, if the user specifies a whole - directory of test suites for his/her test, the order the suites are - executed will depend on how the files are listed by the operating - system, which varies between systems. Thirdly, if a user - wishes to run only a subset of a test suite, there is no way - one test case could successfully depend on another. + <p>During development of test suites, make no assumptions on the + execution order of the test cases or suites. For example, a test + case must not assume that a server it depends on is already + started by a previous test case. Reasons for this follows: </p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item>The user/operator can specify the order at will, and maybe + a different execution order is sometimes more relevant or + efficient.</item> + <item>If the user specifies a whole directory of test suites + for the test, the execution order of the suites depends on + how the files are listed by the operating system, which varies + between systems.</item> + <item>If a user wants to run only a subset of a test suite, + there is no way one test case could successfully depend on + another.</item> + </list> </item> - <item>Depending on Unix:<br></br> + <item><p>Depending on Unix:</p> - <p>Running unix commands through <c>os:cmd</c> are likely - not to work on non-unix platforms. + <p>Running Unix commands through <c>os:cmd</c> are likely + not to work on non-Unix platforms. </p> </item> - <item>Nested test cases:<br></br> + <item><p>Nested test cases:</p> - <p>Invoking a test case from another not only tests the same - thing twice, but also makes it harder to follow what exactly - is being tested. Also, if the called test case fails for some - reason, so will the caller. This way one error gives cause to - several error reports, which is less than ideal. + <p>Starting a test case from another not only tests the same + thing twice, but also makes it harder to follow what is being + tested. Also, if the called test case fails for some + reason, so do the caller. This way, one error gives cause to + several error reports, which is to be avoided. </p> - <p>Functionality common for many test case functions may be implemented - in common help functions. If these functions are useful for test cases - across suites, put the help functions into common help modules. + <p>Functionality common for many test case functions can be + implemented in common help functions. If these functions are + useful for test cases across suites, put the help functions + into common help modules. </p> </item> - <item>Failure to crash or exit when things go wrong:<br></br> + <item><p>Failure to crash or exit when things go wrong:</p> <p>Making requests without checking that the return value - indicates success may be ok if the test case will fail at a - later stage, but it is never acceptable just to print an error - message (into the log file) and return successfully. Such test cases - do harm since they create a false sense of security when overviewing - the test results. + indicates success can be OK if the test case fails + later, but it is never acceptable just to print an error + message (into the log file) and return successfully. Such test + cases do harm, as they create a false sense of security when + overviewing the test results. </p> </item> - <item>Messing up for subsequent test cases:<br></br> + <item><p>Messing up for subsequent test cases:</p> - <p>Test cases should restore as much of the execution - environment as possible, so that the subsequent test cases will - not crash because of execution order of the test cases. - The function <c>end_per_testcase</c> is suitable for this. + <p>Test cases are to restore as much of the execution + environment as possible, so that subsequent test cases + do not crash because of their execution order. + The function + <seealso marker="common_test_app#Module:end_per_testcase-2"><c>end_per_testcase</c></seealso> + is suitable for this. </p> </item> </list> |