diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'lib/compiler/doc')
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/html/.gitignore | 0 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/man3/.gitignore | 0 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/pdf/.gitignore | 0 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/src/Makefile | 112 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/src/book.xml | 46 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/src/compile.xml | 743 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/src/fascicules.xml | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/src/make.dep | 19 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/src/note.gif | bin | 0 -> 1539 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/src/notes.xml | 1331 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/src/notes_history.xml | 200 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/src/part_notes.xml | 39 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/src/part_notes_history.xml | 39 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/src/ref_man.xml | 38 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/src/user_guide.gif | bin | 0 -> 1581 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/compiler/doc/src/warning.gif | bin | 0 -> 1498 bytes |
16 files changed, 2582 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/html/.gitignore b/lib/compiler/doc/html/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e69de29bb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/html/.gitignore diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/man3/.gitignore b/lib/compiler/doc/man3/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e69de29bb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/man3/.gitignore diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/pdf/.gitignore b/lib/compiler/doc/pdf/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e69de29bb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/pdf/.gitignore diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/src/Makefile b/lib/compiler/doc/src/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ee41a7074f --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/src/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +# +# %CopyrightBegin% +# +# Copyright Ericsson AB 1997-2009. All Rights Reserved. +# +# The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, +# Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in +# compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the +# Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be +# retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. +# +# Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" +# basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See +# the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations +# under the License. +# +# %CopyrightEnd% +# +include $(ERL_TOP)/make/target.mk +include $(ERL_TOP)/make/$(TARGET)/otp.mk + +# ---------------------------------------------------- +# Application version +# ---------------------------------------------------- +include ../../vsn.mk +VSN=$(COMPILER_VSN) +APPLICATION=compiler + +# ---------------------------------------------------- +# Release directory specification +# ---------------------------------------------------- +RELSYSDIR = $(RELEASE_PATH)/lib/$(APPLICATION)-$(VSN) + +# ---------------------------------------------------- +# Target Specs +# ---------------------------------------------------- +XML_APPLICATION_FILES = ref_man.xml +XML_REF3_FILES = compile.xml + +XML_PART_FILES = part_notes.xml part_notes_history.xml +XML_CHAPTER_FILES = notes.xml notes_history.xml + +BOOK_FILES = book.xml + +GIF_FILES = \ + warning.gif + +XML_FILES = \ + $(BOOK_FILES) $(XML_CHAPTER_FILES) \ + $(XML_PART_FILES) $(XML_REF3_FILES) $(XML_APPLICATION_FILES) + +# ---------------------------------------------------- + +HTML_FILES = $(XML_APPLICATION_FILES:%.xml=$(HTMLDIR)/%.html) \ + $(XML_PART_FILES:%.xml=$(HTMLDIR)/%.html) + +INFO_FILE = ../../info + +MAN3_FILES = $(XML_REF3_FILES:%.xml=$(MAN3DIR)/%.3) + +HTML_REF_MAN_FILE = $(HTMLDIR)/index.html + +TOP_PDF_FILE = $(PDFDIR)/$(APPLICATION)-$(VSN).pdf + +# ---------------------------------------------------- +# FLAGS +# ---------------------------------------------------- +XML_FLAGS += + +# ---------------------------------------------------- +# Targets +# ---------------------------------------------------- +$(HTMLDIR)/%.gif: %.gif + $(INSTALL_DATA) $< $@ + +docs: pdf html man + +$(TOP_PDF_FILE): $(XML_FILES) + +pdf: $(TOP_PDF_FILE) + +html: gifs $(HTML_REF_MAN_FILE) + +man: $(MAN3_FILES) + +gifs: $(GIF_FILES:%=$(HTMLDIR)/%) + +debug opt: + +clean clean_docs: + rm -rf $(HTMLDIR)/* + rm -f $(MAN3DIR)/* + rm -f $(TOP_PDF_FILE) $(TOP_PDF_FILE:%.pdf=%.fo) + rm -f errs core *~ + +# ---------------------------------------------------- +# Release Target +# ---------------------------------------------------- +include $(ERL_TOP)/make/otp_release_targets.mk + +release_docs_spec: docs + $(INSTALL_DIR) $(RELSYSDIR)/doc/pdf + $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TOP_PDF_FILE) $(RELSYSDIR)/doc/pdf + $(INSTALL_DIR) $(RELSYSDIR)/doc/html + $(INSTALL_DATA) $(HTMLDIR)/* \ + $(RELSYSDIR)/doc/html + $(INSTALL_DATA) $(INFO_FILE) $(RELSYSDIR) + $(INSTALL_DIR) $(RELEASE_PATH)/man/man3 + $(INSTALL_DATA) $(MAN3DIR)/* $(RELEASE_PATH)/man/man3 + +release_spec: + diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/src/book.xml b/lib/compiler/doc/src/book.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fc56a837d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/src/book.xml @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> + +<book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> + <header titlestyle="normal"> + <copyright> + <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> + </copyright> + <legalnotice> + The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, + Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in + compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the + Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be + retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. + + Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" + basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See + the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations + under the License. + + </legalnotice> + + <title>Compiler</title> + <prepared>Robert Virding</prepared> + <docno></docno> + <date>1997-05-02</date> + <rev>1.1.2</rev> + <file>book.sgml</file> + </header> + <insidecover> + </insidecover> + <pagetext>Compiler Application (COMPILER)</pagetext> + <preamble> + <contents level="2"></contents> + </preamble> + <applications> + <xi:include href="ref_man.xml"/> + </applications> + <releasenotes> + <xi:include href="notes.xml"/> + </releasenotes> + <listofterms></listofterms> + <index></index> +</book> + diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/src/compile.xml b/lib/compiler/doc/src/compile.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c39c9b25eb --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/src/compile.xml @@ -0,0 +1,743 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<!DOCTYPE erlref SYSTEM "erlref.dtd"> + +<erlref> + <header> + <copyright> + <year>1996</year><year>2009</year> + <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> + </copyright> + <legalnotice> + The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, + Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in + compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the + Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be + retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. + + Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" + basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See + the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations + under the License. + + </legalnotice> + + <title>compile</title> + <prepared>Robert Virding</prepared> + <docno></docno> + <date>1996-11-04</date> + <rev>A</rev> + <file>compile.sgml</file> + </header> + <module>compile</module> + <modulesummary>Erlang Compiler</modulesummary> + <description> + <p>This module provides an interface to the standard Erlang + compiler. It can generate either a new file which contains + the object code, or return a binary which can be loaded directly. + </p> + </description> + + <funcs> + <func> + <name>file(File)</name> + <fsummary>Compile a file</fsummary> + <desc> + <p>Is the same as + <c>file(File, [verbose,report_errors,report_warnings])</c>. + </p> + </desc> + </func> + + <func> + <name>file(File, Options) -> CompRet</name> + <fsummary>Compile a file</fsummary> + <type> + <v>CompRet = ModRet | BinRet | ErrRet</v> + <v>ModRet = {ok,ModuleName} | {ok,ModuleName,Warnings}</v> + <v>BinRet = {ok,ModuleName,Binary} | {ok,ModuleName,Binary,Warnings}</v> + <v>ErrRet = error | {error,Errors,Warnings}</v> + </type> + <desc> + <p>Compiles the code in the file <c>File</c>, which is an + Erlang source code file without the <c>.erl</c> extension. + <c>Options</c> determine the behavior of the compiler.</p> + + <p>Returns <c>{ok,ModuleName}</c> if successful, or <c>error</c> + if there are errors. An object code file is created if + the compilation succeeds with no errors. It is considered + to be an error if the module name in the source code is + not the same as the basename of the output file.</p> + + <p>Here follows first all elements of <c>Options</c> that in + some way control the behavior of the compiler.</p> + <taglist> + <tag><c>basic_validation</c></tag> + <item> + <p>This option is fast way to test whether a module will + compile successfully (mainly useful for code generators + that want to verify the code they emit). No code will + generated. If warnings are enabled, warnings generated by + the <c>erl_lint</c> module (such as warnings for unused + variables and functions) will be returned too.</p> + + <p>Use the <c>strong_validation</c> option to generate all + warnings that the compiler would generate.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>strong_validation</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Similar to the <c>basic_validation</c> option, no code + will be generated, but more compiler passes will be run + to ensure also warnings generated by the optimization + passes are generated (such as clauses that will not match + or expressions that are guaranteed to fail with an + exception at run-time).</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>binary</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Causes the compiler to return the object code in a + binary instead of creating an object file. If successful, + the compiler returns <c>{ok,ModuleName,Binary}</c>.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>bin_opt_info</c></tag> + <item> + <p>The compiler will emit informational warnings about binary + matching optimizations (both successful and unsuccessful). + See the <em>Efficiency Guide</em> for further information.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>compressed</c></tag> + <item> + <p>The compiler will compress the generated object code, + which can be useful for embedded systems.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>debug_info</c></tag> + <item> + <marker id="debug_info"></marker> + <p>Include debug information in the form of abstract code + (see + <seealso marker="erts:absform">The Abstract Format</seealso> + in ERTS User's Guide) in the compiled beam module. Tools + such as Debugger, Xref and Cover require the debug + information to be included.</p> + + <p><em>Warning</em>: Source code can be reconstructed from + the debug information. Use encrypted debug information + (see below) to prevent this.</p> + + <p>See + <seealso marker="stdlib:beam_lib#debug_info">beam_lib(3)</seealso> + for details.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>{debug_info_key,KeyString}</c></tag> + <item></item> + <tag><c>{debug_info_key,{Mode,KeyString}}</c></tag> + <item> + <marker id="debug_info_key"></marker> + <p>Include debug information, but encrypt it, so that it + cannot be accessed without supplying the key. (To give + the <c>debug_info</c> option as well is allowed, but is + not necessary.) Using this option is a good way to always + have the debug information available during testing, yet + protect the source code.</p> + <p><c>Mode</c> is the type of crypto algorithm to be used + for encrypting the debug information. The default type -- + and currently the only type -- is <c>des3_cbc</c>.</p> + <p>See + <seealso marker="stdlib:beam_lib#debug_info">beam_lib(3)</seealso> + for details.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>encrypt_debug_info</c></tag> + <item> + <marker id="encrypt_debug_info"></marker> + <p>Like the <c>debug_info_key</c> option above, except that + the key will be read from an <c>.erlang.crypt</c> file. + </p> + + <p>See + <seealso marker="stdlib:beam_lib#debug_info">beam_lib(3)</seealso> + for details.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>'P'</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Produces a listing of the parsed code after preprocessing + and parse transforms, in the file + <c><![CDATA[<File>.P]]></c>. No object file is produced. + </p> + </item> + + <tag><c>'E'</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Produces a listing of the code after all source code + transformations have been performed, in the file + <c><![CDATA[<File>.E]]></c>. No object file is produced. + </p> + </item> + + <tag><c>'S'</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Produces a listing of the assembler code in the file + <c><![CDATA[<File>.S]]></c>. No object file is produced. + </p> + </item> + + <tag><c>report_errors/report_warnings</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Causes errors/warnings to be printed as they occur.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>report</c></tag> + <item> + <p>This is a short form for both <c>report_errors</c> and + <c>report_warnings</c>.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>return_errors</c></tag> + <item> + <p>If this flag is set, then + <c>{error,ErrorList,WarningList}</c> is returned when + there are errors.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>return_warnings</c></tag> + <item> + <p>If this flag is set, then an extra field containing + <c>WarningList</c> is added to the tuples returned on + success.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>return</c></tag> + <item> + <p>This is a short form for both <c>return_errors</c> and + <c>return_warnings</c>.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>verbose</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Causes more verbose information from the compiler + describing what it is doing.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>{outdir,Dir}</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Sets a new directory for the object code. The current + directory is used for output, except when a directory + has been specified with this option.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>export_all</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Causes all functions in the module to be exported.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>{i,Dir}</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Add <c>Dir</c> to the list of directories to be searched + when including a file. When encountering an + <c>-include</c> or <c>-include_dir</c> directive, + the compiler searches for header files in the following + directories:</p> + <list type="ordered"> + <item> + <p><c>"."</c>, the current working directory of + the file server;</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>the base name of the compiled file;</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>the directories specified using the <c>i</c> option. + The directory specified last is searched first.</p> + </item> + </list> + </item> + + <tag><c>{d,Macro}</c></tag> + <item></item> + <tag><c>{d,Macro,Value}</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Defines a macro <c>Macro</c> to have the value + <c>Value</c>. The default is <c>true</c>).</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>{parse_transform,Module}</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Causes the parse transformation function + <c>Module:parse_transform/2</c> to be applied to the + parsed code before the code is checked for errors.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>asm</c></tag> + <item> + <p>The input file is expected to be assembler code (default + file suffix ".S"). Note that the format of assembler files + is not documented, and may change between releases - this + option is primarily for internal debugging use.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>no_strict_record_tests</c></tag> + <item> + <p>This option is not recommended.</p> + + <p>By default, the generated code for + the <c>Record#record_tag.field</c> operation verifies that + the tuple <c>Record</c> is of the correct size for + the record and that the first element is the tag + <c>record_tag</c>. Use this option to omit + the verification code.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>no_error_module_mismatch</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Normally the compiler verifies that the module name + given in the source code is the same as the base name + of the output file and refuses to generate an output file + if there is a mismatch. If you have a good reason (or + other reason) for having a module name unrelated to the + name of the output file, this option disables that verification + (there will not even be a warning if there is a mismatch).</p> + </item> + + </taglist> + + <p>If warnings are turned on (the <c>report_warnings</c> option + described above), the following options control what type of + warnings that will be generated. + <marker id="erl_lint_options"></marker> + With the exception of <c>{warn_format,Verbosity}</c> all + options below have two forms; one <c>warn_xxx</c> form to + turn on the warning and one <c>nowarn_xxx</c> form to turn off + the warning. In the description that follows, the form that + is used to change the default value is listed.</p> + + <taglist> + <tag><c>{warn_format, Verbosity}</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Causes warnings to be emitted for malformed format + strings as arguments to <c>io:format</c> and similar + functions. <c>Verbosity</c> selects the amount of + warnings: 0 = no warnings; 1 = warnings for invalid + format strings and incorrect number of arguments; 2 = + warnings also when the validity could not be checked + (for example, when the format string argument is a + variable). The default verbosity is 1. Verbosity 0 can + also be selected by the option <c>nowarn_format</c>.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>nowarn_bif_clash</c></tag> + <item> + <p>By default, there will be a compilation error if a + module contains an exported function with the same name + as an auto-imported BIF (such as <c>size/1</c>) AND + there is a call to it without a qualifying module name. + The reason is that the BIF will be called, not + the function in the same module. The recommended way to + eliminate that warning is to use a call with a module + name - either <c>erlang</c> to call the BIF or + <c>?MODULE</c> to call the function in the same module. + The warning can also be turned off using this option, + but that is not recommended.</p> + + <p><em>The use of this option is strongly discouraged, + as code that uses it will probably break in a future + major release (R14 or R15).</em></p> + </item> + + <tag><c>{nowarn_bif_clash, FAs}</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Turns off warnings as <c>nowarn_bif_clash</c> but only + for the mentioned local functions. <c>FAs</c> is a tuple + <c>{Name,Arity}</c> or a list of such tuples.</p> + <p><em>The use of this option is strongly discouraged, + as code that uses it will probably break in a future + major release (R14 or R15).</em></p> + </item> + + <tag><c>warn_export_all</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Causes a warning to be emitted if the <c>export_all</c> + option has also been given.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>warn_export_vars</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Causes warnings to be emitted for all implicitly + exported variables referred to after the primitives + where they were first defined. No warnings for exported + variables unless they are referred to in some pattern, + which is the default, can be selected by the option + <c>nowarn_export_vars</c>.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>warn_shadow_vars</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Causes warnings to be emitted for "fresh" variables + in functional objects or list comprehensions with the same + name as some already defined variable. The default is to + warn for such variables. No warnings for shadowed + variables can be selected by the option + <c>nowarn_shadow_vars</c>.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>nowarn_unused_function</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Turns off warnings for unused local functions. + By default (<c>warn_unused_function</c>), warnings are + emitted for all local functions that are not called + directly or indirectly by an exported function. + The compiler does not include unused local functions in + the generated beam file, but the warning is still useful + to keep the source code cleaner.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>{nowarn_unused_function, FAs}</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Turns off warnings for unused local functions as + <c>nowarn_unused_function</c> but only for the mentioned + local functions. <c>FAs</c> is a tuple <c>{Name,Arity}</c> + or a list of such tuples.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>nowarn_deprecated_function</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Turns off warnings for calls to deprecated functions. By + default (<c>warn_deprecated_function</c>), warnings are + emitted for every call to a function known by the compiler + to be deprecated. Note that the compiler does not know + about the <c>-deprecated()</c> attribute but uses an + assembled list of deprecated functions in Erlang/OTP. To + do a more general check the <c>Xref</c> tool can be used. + See also + <seealso marker="tools:xref#deprecated_function">xref(3)</seealso> + and the function + <seealso marker="tools:xref#m/1">xref:m/1</seealso> also + accessible through + the <seealso marker="stdlib:c#xm/1">c:xm/1</seealso> + function.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>{nowarn_deprecated_function, MFAs}</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Turns off warnings for calls to deprecated functions as + <c>nowarn_deprecated_function</c> but only for + the mentioned functions. <c>MFAs</c> is a tuple + <c>{Module,Name,Arity}</c> or a list of such tuples.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>warn_obsolete_guard</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Causes warnings to be emitted for calls to old type + testing BIFs such as <c>pid/1</c> and <c>list/1</c>. See + the + <seealso marker="doc/reference_manual:expressions#guards">Erlang Reference Manual</seealso> + for a complete list of type testing BIFs and their old + equivalents. No warnings for calls to old type testing + BIFs, which is the default, can be selected by the option + <c>nowarn_obsolete_guard</c>.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>warn_unused_import</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Causes warnings to be emitted for unused imported + functions. No warnings for unused imported functions, + which is the default, can be selected by the option + <c>nowarn_unused_import</c>. </p> + </item> + + <tag><c>nowarn_unused_vars</c></tag> + <item> + <p>By default, warnings are emitted for variables which + are not used, with the exception of variables beginning + with an underscore ("Prolog style warnings"). + Use this option to turn off this kind of warnings.</p> + </item> + + <tag><c>nowarn_unused_record</c></tag> + <item> + <p>Turns off warnings for unused record types. By + default (<c>warn_unused_records</c>), warnings are + emitted for unused locally defined record types.</p> + </item> + </taglist> + + <p>Another class of warnings is generated by the compiler + during optimization and code generation. They warn about + patterns that will never match (such as <c>a=b</c>), guards + that will always evaluate to false, and expressions that will + always fail (such as <c>atom+42</c>).</p> + + <p>Note that the compiler does not warn for expressions that it + does not attempt to optimize. For instance, the compiler tries + to evaluate <c>1/0</c>, notices that it will cause an + exception and emits a warning. On the other hand, + the compiler is silent about the similar expression + <c>X/0</c>; because of the variable in it, the compiler does + not even try to evaluate and therefore it emits no warnings. + </p> + + <p>Currently, those warnings cannot be disabled (except by + disabling all warnings).</p> + + <warning> + <p>Obviously, the absence of warnings does not mean that + there are no remaining errors in the code.</p> + </warning> + + <p>Note that all the options except the include path + (<c>{i,Dir}</c>) can also be given in the file with a + <c>-compile([Option,...])</c>. attribute. + The <c>-compile()</c> attribute is allowed after function + definitions.</p> + + <p>Note also that the <c>{nowarn_unused_function, FAs}</c>, + <c>{nowarn_bif_clash, FAs}</c>, and + <c>{nowarn_deprecated_function, MFAs}</c> options are only + recognized when given in files. They are not affected by + the <c>warn_unused_function</c>, <c>warn_bif_clash</c>, or + <c>warn_deprecated_function</c> options.</p> + + <p>For debugging of the compiler, or for pure curiosity, + the intermediate code generated by each compiler pass can be + inspected. + A complete list of the options to produce list files can be + printed by typing <c>compile:options()</c> at the Erlang + shell prompt. + The options will be printed in order that the passes are + executed. If more than one listing option is used, the one + representing the earliest pass takes effect.</p> + + <p><em>Unrecognized options are ignored.</em></p> + + <p>Both <c>WarningList</c> and <c>ErrorList</c> have + the following format:</p> + <code> +[{FileName,[ErrorInfo]}]. + </code> + + <p><c>ErrorInfo</c> is described below. The file name has been + included here as the compiler uses the Erlang pre-processor + <c>epp</c>, which allows the code to be included in other + files. For this reason, it is important to know to + <em>which</em> file an error or warning line number refers. + </p> + </desc> + </func> + + <func> + <name>forms(Forms)</name> + <fsummary>Compile a list of forms</fsummary> + <desc> + <p>Is the same as + <c>forms(File, [verbose,report_errors,report_warnings])</c>. + </p> + </desc> + </func> + + <func> + <name>forms(Forms, Options) -> CompRet</name> + <fsummary>Compile a list of forms</fsummary> + <type> + <v>Forms = [Form]</v> + <v>CompRet = BinRet | ErrRet</v> + <v>BinRet = {ok,ModuleName,BinaryOrCode} | {ok,ModuleName,BinaryOrCode,Warnings}</v> + <v>BinaryOrCode = binary() | term()</v> + <v>ErrRet = error | {error,Errors,Warnings}</v> + </type> + <desc> + <p>Analogous to <c>file/1</c>, but takes a list of forms (in + the Erlang abstract format representation) as first argument. + The option <c>binary</c> is implicit; i.e., no object code + file is produced. Options that would ordinarily produce a + listing file, such as 'E', will instead cause the internal + format for that compiler pass (an Erlang term; usually not a + binary) to be returned instead of a binary.</p> + </desc> + </func> + + <func> + <name>format_error(ErrorDescriptor) -> chars()</name> + <fsummary>Format an error descriptor</fsummary> + <type> + <v>ErrorDescriptor = errordesc()</v> + </type> + <desc> + <p>Uses an <c>ErrorDescriptor</c> and returns a deep list of + characters which describes the error. This function is + usually called implicitly when an <c>ErrorInfo</c> structure + is processed. See below.</p> + </desc> + </func> + + <func> + <name>output_generated(Options) -> true | false</name> + <fsummary>Determine whether the compile will generate an output file</fsummary> + <type> + <v>Options = [term()]</v> + </type> + <desc> + <p>Determines whether the compiler would generate a <c>beam</c> + file with the given options. <c>true</c> means that a <c>beam</c> + file would be generated; <c>false</c> means that the compiler + would generate some listing file, return a binary, or merely + check the syntax of the source code.</p> + </desc> + </func> + + <func> + <name>noenv_file(File, Options) -> CompRet</name> + <fsummary>Compile a file (ignoring ERL_COMPILER_OPTIONS)</fsummary> + <desc> + <p>Works exactly like <seealso marker="#file/2">file/2</seealso>, + except that the environment variable <c>ERL_COMPILER_OPTIONS</c> + is not consulted.</p> + </desc> + </func> + + <func> + <name>noenv_forms(Forms, Options) -> CompRet</name> + <fsummary>Compile a list of forms (ignoring ERL_COMPILER_OPTIONS)</fsummary> + <desc> + <p>Works exactly like <seealso marker="#forms/2">forms/2</seealso>, + except that the environment variable <c>ERL_COMPILER_OPTIONS</c> + is not consulted.</p> + </desc> + </func> + + <func> + <name>noenv_output_generated(Options) -> true | false</name> + <fsummary>Determine whether the compile will generate an output file (ignoring ERL_COMPILER_OPTIONS)</fsummary> + <type> + <v>Options = [term()]</v> + </type> + <desc> + <p>Works exactly like + <seealso marker="#output_generated/1">output_generated/1</seealso>, + except that the environment variable <c>ERL_COMPILER_OPTIONS</c> + is not consulted.</p> + </desc> + </func> + + </funcs> + + <section> + <title>Default compiler options</title> + <p>The (host operating system) environment variable + <c>ERL_COMPILER_OPTIONS</c> can be used to give default compiler + options. Its value must be a valid Erlang term. If the value is a + list, it will be used as is. If it is not a list, it will be put + into a list.</p> + + <p>The list will be appended to any options given to + <seealso marker="#file/2">file/2</seealso>, + <seealso marker="#forms/2">forms/2</seealso>, and + <seealso marker="#output_generated/1">output_generated/2</seealso>. + Use the alternative functions + <seealso marker="#noenv_file/2">noenv_file/2</seealso>, + <seealso marker="#noenv_forms/2">noenv_forms/2</seealso>, or + <seealso marker="#noenv_output_generated/1">noenv_output_generated/2</seealso> + if you don't want the environment variable to be consulted + (for instance, if you are calling the compiler recursively from + inside a parse transform).</p> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Inlining</title> + <p>The compiler can do function inlining within an Erlang + module. Inlining means that a call to a function is replaced with + the function body with the arguments replaced with the actual + values. The semantics are preserved, except if exceptions are + generated in the inlined code. Exceptions will be reported as + occurring in the function the body was inlined into. Also, + <c>function_clause</c> exceptions will be converted to similar + <c>case_clause</c> exceptions.</p> + + <p>When a function is inlined, the original function will be + kept if it is exported (either by an explicit export or if the + <c>export_all</c> option was given) or if not all calls to the + function were inlined.</p> + + <p>Inlining does not necessarily improve running time. + For instance, inlining may increase Beam stack usage which will + probably be detrimental to performance for recursive functions. + </p> + + <p>Inlining is never default; it must be explicitly enabled with a + compiler option or a <c>-compile()</c> attribute in the source + module.</p> + + <p>To enable inlining, either use the <c>inline</c> option to + let the compiler decide which functions to inline or + <c>{inline,[{Name,Arity},...]}</c> to have the compiler inline + all calls to the given functions. If the option is given inside + a <c>compile</c> directive in an Erlang module, <c>{Name,Arity}</c> + may be written as <c>Name/Arity</c>.</p> + + <p>Example of explicit inlining:</p> + + <pre> +-compile({inline,[pi/0]}). + +pi() -> 3.1416. + </pre> + + <p>Example of implicit inlining:</p> + <pre> +-compile(inline). + </pre> + + <p>The <c>{inline_size,Size}</c> option controls how large functions + that are allowed to be inlined. Default is <c>24</c>, which will + keep the size of the inlined code roughly the same as + the un-inlined version (only relatively small functions will be + inlined).</p> + + <p>Example:</p> + <pre> +%% Aggressive inlining - will increase code size. +-compile(inline). +-compile({inline_size,100}). + </pre> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Parse Transformations</title> + + <p>Parse transformations are used when a programmer wants to use + Erlang syntax but with different semantics. The original Erlang + code is then transformed into other Erlang code.</p> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Error Information</title> + + <p>The <c>ErrorInfo</c> mentioned above is the standard + <c>ErrorInfo</c> structure which is returned from all IO modules. + It has the following format:</p> + <code> +{ErrorLine, Module, ErrorDescriptor} + </code> + + <p>A string describing the error is obtained with the following + call:</p> + <code> +apply(Module, format_error, ErrorDescriptor) + </code> + </section> + + <section> + <title>See Also</title> + <p> + <seealso marker="stdlib:epp">epp(3)</seealso>, + <seealso marker="stdlib:erl_id_trans">erl_id_trans(3)</seealso>, + <seealso marker="stdlib:erl_lint">erl_lint(3)</seealso>, + <seealso marker="stdlib:beam_lib">beam_lib(3)</seealso> + </p> + </section> +</erlref> + diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/src/fascicules.xml b/lib/compiler/doc/src/fascicules.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..43090b4aed --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/src/fascicules.xml @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<!DOCTYPE fascicules SYSTEM "fascicules.dtd"> + +<fascicules> + <fascicule file="ref_man" href="ref_man_frame.html" entry="yes"> + Reference Manual + </fascicule> + <fascicule file="part_notes" href="part_notes_frame.html" entry="no"> + Release Notes + </fascicule> + <fascicule file="" href="../../../../doc/print.html" entry="no"> + Off-Print + </fascicule> +</fascicules> + diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/src/make.dep b/lib/compiler/doc/src/make.dep new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f5c097afad --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/src/make.dep @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# ---------------------------------------------------- +# >>>> Do not edit this file <<<< +# This file was automaticly generated by +# /home/otp/bin/docdepend +# ---------------------------------------------------- + + +# ---------------------------------------------------- +# TeX files that the DVI file depend on +# ---------------------------------------------------- + +book.dvi: book.tex compile.tex ref_man.tex + +# ---------------------------------------------------- +# Source inlined when transforming from source to LaTeX +# ---------------------------------------------------- + +book.tex: ref_man.xml + diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/src/note.gif b/lib/compiler/doc/src/note.gif Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6fffe30419 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/src/note.gif diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/src/notes.xml b/lib/compiler/doc/src/notes.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7d1913d740 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/src/notes.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1331 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> + +<chapter> + <header> + <copyright> + <year>2004</year><year>2009</year> + <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> + </copyright> + <legalnotice> + The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, + Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in + compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the + Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be + retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. + + Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" + basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See + the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations + under the License. + + </legalnotice> + + <title>Compiler Release Notes</title> + <prepared>otp_appnotes</prepared> + <docno>nil</docno> + <date>nil</date> + <rev>nil</rev> + <file>notes.xml</file> + </header> + <p>This document describes the changes made to the Compiler + application.</p> + +<section><title>Compiler 4.6.4</title> + + <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list> + <item> + <p>The compiler's 'E' option now works with modules with + types and specifications.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-8238 Aux Id: OTP-8150 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + Certain uses of binary matching in a + <c>begin</c>-<c>end</c> in a list comprehension could + cause the compiler to crash or generate incorrect code.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-8271</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + + + <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + The documentation is now built with open source tools + (xsltproc and fop) that exists on most platforms. One + visible change is that the frames are removed.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-8201</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + The compiler could crash if invalid calls to is_record/2 + was used in (for example) a list comprehension. (Thanks + to Tobias Lindahl.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-8269</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The -on_load() directive can be used to run a function + when a module is loaded. It is documented in the section + about code loading in the Reference Manual.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-8295</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> + +<section><title>Compiler 4.6.3</title> + + <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list> + <item> + <p>Corrected liveness optimization to eliminate a + compiler crash that could occur when compiling bit syntax + construction code. (Thanks to Mikage Sawatari.)</p> + <p>Calling BIFs such as <c>length/1</c> in guard context + in a try/catch block could cause a compiler crash. + (Thanks to Paul Fisher.)</p> + <p>Using filter expressions containing <c>andalso</c> or + <c>orelse</c> in a list comprehension could cause a + compiler crash. (Thanks to Martin Engstr�m.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-8054</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + A guard with nested 'not' operators could cause the + compiler to crash. (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-8131</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> + +<section><title>Compiler 4.6.2</title> + + <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + The compiler would crash while compiling certain complex + function bodies containing <c>receive after</c> due to a + bug in the jump optimizer (a label that had only had + backward references could still be removed). (Thanks to + Vincent de Phily.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7980</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> + +<section><title>Compiler 4.6.1</title> + + <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + Miscellaneous minor bugs fixed.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7937</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + + + <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + There will be more efficient code if there is a clause + that matches the empty binary and no other clauses that + matches non-empty binaries.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7924</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>There is new option to allow a module to have a module + name other than the filename. Do not use it unless you + know what you are doing.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7927</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> + +<section><title>Compiler 4.6.0.1</title> + + <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list> + <item> + <p>Using <c>andalso</c>/<c>orelse</c> or record access in + a <c>try</c>...<c>catch</c> could cause a compiler + crash.</p> + <p>Som large and complex functions could require + extremely long compilation times (hours or days).</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7905</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> + +<section><title>Compiler 4.6</title> + + <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + For some complex guards which used + <c>andalso</c>/<c>orelse</c>, the compiler would crash. + (Thanks to Hunter Morris.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7679</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + Code that (incorrectly) used the the value of nested + applications of <c>setelement/3</c> in bit syntax + construction could crash the compiler.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7690</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Modules containing huge integers (consisting of + several hundreds of thousands of digits or more) could be + slow to compile. This problem has been corrected.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7707 Aux Id: seq11129 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>If the generator in a list comprehension is given a + non-list term, there will now be <c>function_clause</c> + exception instead of a <c>case_clause</c> exception (as + it was in all releases before R12B).</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7844</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + + + <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + The compiler could crash if the size for a binary segment + in matching was a complex literal such as binary or + tuple.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7650</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + The compiler generates more compact and faster code for + matching of complex constants (such as constant lists and + tuples).</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7655</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + The undocumented, unsupported, and deprecated guard BIF + <c>is_constant/1</c> has been removed.</p> + <p> + *** INCOMPATIBILITY with R12B ***</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7673</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The compiler generates better code for many guard + expressions, and especially for guards that use + <c>andalso</c>/<c>orelse</c> or record fields.</p> + <p>(In technical terms, <c>andalso</c>/<c>orelse</c> in a + guard would case the creation of a stack frame and saving + of all x registers that could potentially be alive after + the guard and restoring all x registers before leaving + the guard. For certain guards, far too many x registers + were saved and subsequently restored. In this version of + the compiler, no stack frame is created and no x + registers are saved and restored.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7718</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The default size for the resulting binary created by a + binary comprehension was 64Kb in R12B (it would grow if + needed). This was often far too much. In this release, + the default is changed to 256 bytes. Furthermore, for + most binary comprehensions without filters, the exact + size of the resulting binary can be calculated beforehand + and the compiler now generates code that does that + calculation.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7737</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The short-circuit operators <c>andalso</c> and + <c>orelse</c> no longer guarantees that their second + argument is either <c>true</c> or <c>false</c>. As a + consequence, <c>andalso</c>/<c>orelse</c> are now + tail-recursive.</p> + <p> + *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7748</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The compiler will refuse to a compile file where the + module name in the file differs from the output file + name.</p> + <p>When compiling using <c>erlc</c>, the current working + directory will no be included in the code path (unless + explicitly added using "-pa .").</p> + <p> + *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7793</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>There will no longer be any warnings for list + comprehensions without generators, as such list + comprehension have turned out to be useful.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7846</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Warnings for obsolete guard tests are now turned on. + (That is, writing <c>list(L)</c> in a guard instead of + <c>is_list(L)</c> will generate a warning.)</p> + <p>The warnings can be turned off using the + <c>nowarn_obsolete_guard</c> option.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7850</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The copyright notices have been updated.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7851</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>If a module contains an exported function with the + same name as an auto-imported BIF (such as + <c>length/1</c>), any calls to the BIF must have an + explicit <c>erlang:</c> prefix, or there will be a + compilation error (such calls would only generate a + warning in previous releases).</p> + <p>(The reason for the change is to avoid breaking code + in a future major release, R14 or R15, in which we plan + to make calls without a module prefix always call the + local function in the same module even if there is an + auto-imported BIF with the same name.)</p> + <p> + *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7873</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> + +<section><title>Compiler 4.5.5</title> + + <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list> + <item> + <p>Matching on a zero-width segment in the bit syntax + would crash the compiler. (Thanks to Will.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7591</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + + + <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + In bit syntax expressions which started with a binary + segment, and was followed by at least two segments of + variable size, too little space could be allocated for + the binary, leading to memory corruption.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7556</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>In user-defined attributes, <c>Name/Arity</c> is now + allowed and will be translated to <c>{Name,Arity}</c>. + (An implementation of EEP-24 by Richard O'Keefe.)</p> + <p>The <c>module_info/{0,1}</c> functions automatically + inserted into each compiled modules are now documented in + the Modules section in the Reference Manual.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7586</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> + +<section><title>Compiler 4.5.4</title> + + <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + Certain complex bit syntax matching operations matching + out binaries and having several clauses could give + incorrect results (the matched out binaries were too + short). (Thanks to Christian von Roques for bug report + and correction.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7498</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> + +<section><title>Compiler 4.5.3</title> + + <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + New option <c>warn_export_all</c> to warn for a module + using <c>export_all</c>. (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7392</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> + +<section><title>Compiler 4.5.2.1</title> + + <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + In rare circumstances, the length/1 BIF (and a few other + guard BIFs) would seem to return an incorrect value (of + any type).</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7345 Aux Id: seq10962 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> +<section><title>Compiler 4.5.2</title> + + <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list> + <item> + <p>A bug in the old inliner has been fixed. Some + undocumented functionality has been removed.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7223</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Matching several binary patterns in parallel using the + '=' operator is not allowed (an implementation + limitation), but the compiler did not reject all such + attempts (depending on the patterns, the generated code + might or might not work correctly). Now the compiler + rejects all binary patterns joined by '='.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7227</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Complex combinations of record operations and binary + matching could cause the compiler to crash. (Thanks to + Vladimir Klebansky.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7233</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + In rare circumstances, mixing binary matching clauses + with clauses matching other data types, the compiler + could crash.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7240 Aux Id: seq10916 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> + +<section><title>Compiler 4.5.1.1</title> + + <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + Corrected a compiler bug that could cause a complex + binary matching operation to fail when it shouldn't. + (Thanks to Tomas Stejskal.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7188</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + In unusual circumstances, the environment for a fun could + bind wrong values.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7202 Aux Id: seq10887 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Long sequences of list comprehensions without + generators joined by the '++' operator would cause a code + expansion explosion, which could cause the compiler to + run out of memory. To resolve this problem, in + '<c>[...||...]++Expr</c>', <c>Expr</c> is now evaluated + before the list comprehension. This change <em>is</em> + backwards compatible (see the following note about + evaluation order if you have doubts).</p> + <p>Note about evaluation order: The Reference manual says + that subexpressions are evaluated <em>in any order</em> + before the expression itself. Therefore, in an expression + such as '<c>LeftExpr++RightExpr</c>', you should not + depend on <c>LeftExpr</c> being evaluated before + <c>RightExpr</c> or vice versa. The evaluation order is + only important if the expressions contains and/or depends + on operations with side-effects, such as message passing + or <c>ets</c> operations.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7206</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> + + +<section><title>Compiler 4.5.1</title> + + <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + A match expression inside a function call could cause a + false "a term is constructed but never used" warning.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7018 Aux Id: seq10824 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The compiler could crash if a binary tail was matched + out, and then used in a binary append operation. (Thanks + to Oleg Avdeev.)</p> + <p>Similarly, the compiler could crash if a binary tail + was matched out, and then used (incorrectly) in binary + construction in an integer field. (Thanks to Fredrik + Svahn.) Or was incorrectly used in a float field. Or was + used in a binary field with a given length. (Thanks to + Chih - Wei Yu.) </p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7022</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + Matching an empty binary in a record and then using the + same record again could cause a compiler crash. (Thanks + to Fredrik Thulin.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7029</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>In rare circumstances, constants containing floating + points and integers could be confused. Example:</p> + <p><c>f(a) -> [1]; f(b) -> [1.0].</c></p> + <p>Both <c>f(a)</c> and <c>f(b)</c> would return + <c>[1]</c>.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7073</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Some bit syntax code such as</p> + <p><c>matching d(_,<$lt;$gt;$gt;) -> one; d(0,<$lt;D$gt;$gt;) + ->two.</c></p> + <p>could crash the compiler. (Thanks to Simon + Cornish.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7094</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + In unusual circumstances, a call to a fun could fail due + to an unsafe optimization. (Thanks to Simon Cornish.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7102</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + Bit syntax matching with a guard containing two or more + uses of andalso/orelse could cause the compiler to crash. + (Thanks to Mateusz Berezecki.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7113</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + This was only a problem if you generated or wrote your + own Core Erlang code: The Core Erlang optimizer code + could move nested calls such as + <c>erlang:'$lt;'(erlang:length(L), 2)</c> as case expression + into a guard, which would change the semantics. (Thanks + to Robert Virding.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7117</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + + + <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + The compiler could generate suboptimal code for record + updates if the record update code consisted of multiple + source code lines.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-7101</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> + +<section><title>Compiler 4.5</title> + + <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list> + <item> + <p>The compiler used to allow that a binary field without + size could be used in other positions than at the end in + bit syntax pattern. For instance, + <c><![CDATA[<<B/binary,EmptyBinary/binary>> = Bin]]></c> + used to compile, but now the compilation will fail with + an an error message.</p> + <p>Also, it is now longer permitted to give a literal + string in a binary pattern a type or a size; for + instance, <c><![CDATA[<<"abc"/binary>> = Bin]]></c> will + no longer compile. (In previous releases, there would + always be a <c>badmatch</c> exception at run-time.)</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-6885</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + + + <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list> + <item> + <p> + Bitstrings (bit-level) binaries and binary comprehensions + are now part of the language. See the Reference Manual.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-6558</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + The '<c>compressed</c>' option for the compiler has been + documented.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-6801</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>If the value of a list comprehension is not used, such + as in '<c>[do_something(X) || X <- List], ok</c>', a + result list will no longer be built. For more details, + see the Efficiency Guide.</p> + <p>If the value of an expression is not used, and the + expression has no side effects except for possibly + throwing an exception, a warning will be generated. + Examples: '<c>self(),ok</c>' and + '<c>{error,Reason},ok</c>'.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-6824</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + Three new functions have been added to the <c>compile</c> + module: <c>noenv_file/2</c>, <c>noenv_forms/2</c>, and + <c>noenv_output_generated/1</c>.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-6829</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Many bit syntax operations, both construction and + matching, are faster. For further information, see the + Efficiency Guide.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-6838</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Literal lists, tuples, and binaries are no longer + constructed at run-time as they used to be, but are + stored in a per-module constant pool. Literals that are + used more than once are stored only once.</p> + <p>This is not a change to the language, only in the + details of its implementation. Therefore, the + implications of this change is described in the + Efficiency Guide.</p> + <p>Example 1: In the expression <c>element(BitNum-1, + {1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128})</c>, the tuple used to be + constructed every time the expression was executed, which + could be detrimental to performance in two ways if the + expression was executed in a loop: the time to build the + tuple itself and the time spent in garbage collections + because the heap filled up with garbage faster.</p> + <p>Example 2: Literal strings, such as <c>"abc"</c>, used + to be stored in the compiled code compactly as a byte + string and expanded to a list at run-time. Now all + strings will be stored expanded to lists (such as + <c>[$a,$b,$c]</c>) in the constant pool. That means that + the string will be faster to use at run-time, but that it + will require more space even when not used. If space is + an issue, you might want to use binary literals (that is, + <c><<"abc"<<</c>) instead of string literals for + infrequently used long strings (such as error + messages).</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-6850</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + Recursive calls now usually consume less stack than in + R11B. See the Efficiency Guide.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-6862 Aux Id: seq10746 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Two new guard BIFs have been introduced as a + recommended replacement for <c>size/1</c>. (The + <c>size/1</c> BIF will be removed no earlier than in + R14B.) The BIFs are <c>tuple_size/1</c> to calculate the + size of a tuple and <c>byte_size/1</c> to calculate the + number of bytes needed for the contents of the binary or + bitstring (rounded up to the nearest number of bytes if + necessary).</p> + <p>There is also a new <c>bit_size/1</c> BIF that returns + the exact number of bits that a binary or bitstring + contains.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-6902</p> + </item> + <item> + <p> + The two internal functions <c>erl_bifs:is_bif/3</c> and + <c>erl_bifs:is_guard/3</c> have been removed. They were + unsupported, undocumented, and unmaintained.</p> + <p> + Own Id: OTP-6966</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + +</section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.4.5</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>The compiler would crash if you tried to combine to + non-list literals with '<c><![CDATA[++]]></c>' (for instance, + <c><![CDATA[an_atom++"string"]]></c>).</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-6630 Aux Id: seq10635 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>Minor Makefile changes.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-6689</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.4.4</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>Incorrect code could be generated for bit syntax matching + if the old inliner was used with aggressive settings.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-6461</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.4.3</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>The R10B compiler could generate unsafe + <c><![CDATA[bs_save/bs_restore]]></c> instructions that could cause + memory corruption. (The R11B compiler does not have that + problem.) The erlang emulator will now refuse to load + R10B-compiled modules that contain such unsafe + <c><![CDATA[bs_save/bs_restore]]></c> instructions. In addition, the + beam_validator module in the compiler will also reject + such instructions (in case it is used to validate R10B + code). (Thanks to Matthew Reilly.)</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-6386</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>Directives for parse transforms that have been run are + now removed from the abstract code stored when the + debug_info option is given, to prevent the parse + transforms to be run again.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5344</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Minor improvements in code generation for some guards + expression involving boolean expressions.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-6347</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.4.2.1</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>The compiler could generate incorrect code for bit syntax + matching consisting of several clauses.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-6392 Aux Id: seq10539 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.4.2</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>Defining a fun itself containing a fun in an + <c><![CDATA[after]]></c> block of a <c><![CDATA[try]]></c> would cause the + compiler to crash or generate incorrect code. (Thanks to + Tim Rath.)</p> + <p>Shorter compilation times for modules containing with + an extreme number of functions (10000 functions or more).</p> + <p>(The compiled could generate deprecated instructions + for certain bit syntax matching operations.)</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-6212 Aux Id: seq10446 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Fixed several bugs that would cause warnings to be shown + without file name and line number.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-6260 Aux Id: seq10461 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>The <c><![CDATA[strict_record_tests]]></c> option is now default; + that is, reading a field from a record using the + <c><![CDATA[Record#record_tag.field]]></c> syntax will fail if + <c><![CDATA[Record]]></c> is not a record of the correct type.</p> + <p>If necessary, the record tests can be turned off by + giving the <c><![CDATA[no_strict_record_tests]]></c> option. To avoid + editing Makefiles, the environment variable + <c><![CDATA[ERL_COMPILER_OPTIONS]]></c> can be set to + "<c><![CDATA[no_strict_record_tests]]></c>".</p> + <p>The <c><![CDATA[no_strict_record_tests]]></c> option will probably + be removed in the R12B release.</p> + <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-6294</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.4.1</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>The compiler used to crash if a module contained code + similar to '<c><![CDATA[fun(1=0) -> ok end]]></c>'. (Thanks to + Richard Carlsson.)</p> + <p>The compiler would spend really long time compiling + bit syntax expressions such as + '<c><![CDATA[<<1:(50*1024*1024)>>]]></c>' and produce a huge .beam + file. Corrected.</p> + <p>The compiler would compile list comprehensions with + many generators really, really slow. (Thanks to Thomas + Raes.)</p> + <p>Module attributes would be stored in reverse order + compared to the order in the source code. (Thus, + <c><![CDATA[M:module_info(attributes)]]></c> would also return the + attributes in reversed order.)</p> + <p>Defining a fun in an <c><![CDATA[after]]></c> block of a + <c><![CDATA[try]]></c> would cause the compiler to crash or generate + incorrect code. (Thanks to Martin Bjorklund.)</p> + <p>The combination of binary pattern and a guard with + andalso/orelse could cause the compiler to crash.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-6121 Aux Id: seq10400 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.4</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>When a <c><![CDATA[.hrl]]></c> file is included using + <c><![CDATA[-include_lib]]></c>, the include path is temporarily + updated to include the directory the <c><![CDATA[.hrl]]></c> file was + found in, which will allow that <c><![CDATA[.hrl]]></c> file to itself + include files from the same directory using + <c><![CDATA[-include]]></c>. (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5944</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>The <c><![CDATA[andalso]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[orelse]]></c> operators are + now allowed to be used in guards. That also applies to + match specifications.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5894 Aux Id: OTP-5149 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>When given the new option + <c><![CDATA[strict_record_tests]]></c>, the compiler will generate + code that verifies the record type for + <c><![CDATA[R#record.field]]></c> operations in guards. Code that + verifies record types in bodies has already been + generated since R10B, but in this release there will be a + <c><![CDATA[{badrecord,RecordTag}]]></c> instead of a + <c><![CDATA[badmatch]]></c> if the record verification test fails. + See <c><![CDATA[compile(3)]]></c> for more information.</p> + <p>The Erlang shell always applies strict record tests.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5915 Aux Id: OTP-5714 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The BIF <c><![CDATA[is_record/3]]></c> can now be used in guards. + Also, <c><![CDATA[is_record/3]]></c> can now be called without an + <c><![CDATA[erlang:]]></c> module prefix for consistency with the other + <c><![CDATA[is_*]]></c> functions.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5916</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The compiler options <c><![CDATA[ignore_try]]></c> and + <c><![CDATA[ignore_cond]]></c>, which allowed code that used + unquoted <c><![CDATA[try]]></c> or <c><![CDATA[cond]]></c> as atoms or record + tags, has been removed. Old code that depended on the + options need to be revised to have occurrences of + <c><![CDATA[try]]></c> or <c><![CDATA[cond]]></c> as atom or record tags + single-quoted. (Note: Although <c><![CDATA[cond]]></c> is a reserved + keyword, there is no <c><![CDATA[cond]]></c> statement. It might be + introduced in a future release.)</p> + <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-6058</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.3.12</title> + + <section> + <title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>The following code would crash the compiler: <c><![CDATA[case T of #r{s = ""} -> T #r{s = "x"} end]]></c>. (Thanks to + Richard Carlsson.)</p> + <p>The compiler could crash if binaries were constructed + in certain guards involving boolean operators (including + semicolon). (Thanks to Torbjorn Tornkvist.)</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5872</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The compiler will now warn that the + <c><![CDATA[megaco:format_versions/1]]></c> function is deprecated.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5976</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.3.11</title> + + <section> + <title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>The compiler would assume that some patterns with + aliases ('=') would not match if they were split into + several lines. (Thanks to Peter Nagy/Mats Cronqvist.)</p> + <p>Minor cleanups to eliminate Dialyzer warnings.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5791 Aux Id: seq10141 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.3.10</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>When given the new option + <c><![CDATA[strict_record_tests]]></c>, the compiler will generate + code that verifies the record type for + <c><![CDATA[R#record.field]]></c> operations (in body context only, + not in guards). See the documentation for the + <c><![CDATA[compile]]></c> module for more information.</p> + <p>The beam validator pass of the compiler could crash + given in rare circumstances when given certain + combinations of catches and record operations. (Thanks to + Mats Cronqvist.)</p> + <p>Attributes containing binaries (such as -a(<<1,2,3>>)) + would crash the compiler. (Thanks to Roger Price.)</p> + <p>Multiple behaviours in the same module will no longer + generate a warning, unless one or more callbacks for the + behaviours overlap. For instance, using both the + <c><![CDATA[application]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[supervisor]]></c> behaviours + in the same module will NOT generate any warning, but + using <c><![CDATA[gen_server]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[gen_fsm]]></c> will.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5714 Aux Id: seq10073 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The pre-processor used to complain that the macro + definition <c><![CDATA[-define(S(S), ??S).]]></c> was circular, + which it isn't. (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5777</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.3.9</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>Updating at least two fields of a record with a literal + string could cause the compiler to generate dangerous + code that could cause a crash at run-time (e.g. + <c><![CDATA[R#r{a="abc",b=1}]]></c>). (Thanks to Mikael Karlsson.)</p> + <p>Unecessary tests (such as a 'case' with two case + branches that were identical) could cause the compiler to + crash. (Thanks to Fredrik Thulin.)</p> + <p>The validation pass of the compiler could generate an + error for correct code when floating point operations + were used in try/catch statements.</p> + <p>In bit syntax construction, any field following a + binary field would always be marked as "aligned" (which + may or may not be correct). That would cause the hipe + native compiler to generate incorrect code if the field + was in fact unaligned. (Thanks to Per Gustafsson.)</p> + <p>Some complex guard expressions (such as <c><![CDATA[A#a.b==""; A#a.b==undefined]]></c>) would crash the compiler. (Thanks + to Sean Hinde.)</p> + <p>Compilation speed has been increased for modules with + many functions and/or atoms (such as modules generated by + the Asn1 application or other code generators).</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5632 Aux Id: seq10057 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.3.8</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>In some circumstances, having two try/catch constructs + following each in a function body, would cause an + internal error to be generated (when in fact the + generated code was correct). (Thanks to Fredrik Thulin.)</p> + <p>Incorrect calls such as <c><![CDATA[M:42()]]></c> would crash the + compiler. The compiler now generates a warning. (Thanks + to Ulf Wiger.)</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5553</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>The new <c><![CDATA[fun M:F/A]]></c> construct creates a fun that + refers to the latest version of <c><![CDATA[M:F/A]]></c>. This syntax is + meant to replace tuple funs <c><![CDATA[{M,F}]]></c> which have many + problems.</p> + <p>The new type test <c><![CDATA[is_function(Fun, A)]]></c> (which may be + used in guards) test whether <c><![CDATA[Fun]]></c> is a fun that can be + applied with <c><![CDATA[A]]></c> arguments. (Currently, <c><![CDATA[Fun]]></c> can + also be a tuple fun.)</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5584</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.3.7</title> + + <section> + <title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>Further improvements of encrypted debug info: New option + <c><![CDATA[encrypt_debug_info]]></c> for compiler.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5541 Aux Id: seq9837 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.3.6</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>Fixed a bug in the validator of the generated code + (beam_validator) which caused an internal compiler error + even though the generated code was indeed correct.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5481 Aux Id: seq9798 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>It is now possible to encrypt the debug information in + Beam files, to help keep the source code secret. See the + documentation for <c><![CDATA[compile]]></c> on how to provide the key + for encrypting, and the documentation for <c><![CDATA[beam_lib]]></c> + on how to provide the key for decryption so that tools such + as the Debugger, Xref, or Cover can be used.</p> + <p>The <c><![CDATA[beam_lib:chunks/2]]></c> functions now accepts an + additional chunk type <c><![CDATA[compile_info]]></c> to retrieve + the compilation information directly as a term. (Thanks + to Tobias Lindahl.)</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5460 Aux Id: seq9787 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.3.5</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>Complex functions could cause the internal validator in + the compiler to generate an internal error even though + the generated code was correct.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5436 Aux Id: seq9781 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.3.4</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>In rare circumstances, incorrect code for record or + tuple access could be generated. The incorrect code would + either trigger an internal error in the compiler or cause + an exception at run time. (Thanks to Martin Bjorklund.)</p> + <p>Corrected a bug in in bit syntax matching where + clauses could match in the wrong order. (Thanks to Ulf + Wiger.)</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5404 Aux Id: seq9767 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.3.3</title> + + <section> + <title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>Given bit syntax construction in certain complex + contexts involving a catch, the compiler would either + crash or terminate due to failure in an internal + consistency check. (Thanks to Fredrik Thulin.)</p> + <p>Matches such as + <c><![CDATA[<<103133:64/float>> = <<103133:64/float>>]]></c> + used to fail. Now they succeed.</p> + <p>Shadowing of variables in bit syntax matches in fun heads + such as in + <c><![CDATA[L = 8, F = fun(<<L:L,B:L>>) -> B end]]></c> was + handled incorrectly by the compiler. The fun used to be + compiled as if it was written + '<c><![CDATA[>fun(<<8:8,B:8>>)]]></c>, while it should be + compiled in the same way as <c><![CDATA[fun(<<L:8,B:L>>)]]></c>.</p> + <p>A bug in the validation pass has been corrected. It + sometimes occurred when the compiler optimized by reusing + code for causing an exception when the reused code was + called from within catch or try-catch statements. Then the + validator refused to approve the code and complained about + <c><![CDATA[fun(<<L:L,B:L>>) -> B end]]></c> was handled + incorrectly by the in the same way as + <c><![CDATA[fun(<<L:8,B:L>>)]]></c>.</p> + <p>A bug in the unknown_catch_try_state.</p> + <p>Corrected a bug in the optimizer that would cause + the compiler to crash. (Thanks to Peter-Henry Mander.)</p> + <p>There are now warnings generated if a bit syntax + construction will fail at run-time because of a type + mismatch (e.g. <c><![CDATA[<<an_atom:8>>]]></c>).</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5342 Aux Id: OTP-5118, OTP-5270, OTP-5323 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Binary pattern matching such as + <c><![CDATA[t(<<A:8>> = <<A:8>)]]></c> used to silently + fail at runtime (i.e. never match). The compiler now + generates an error for any such patterns.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5371</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.3.2</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>In rare cases, the code compiler code generate code + for a tuple match that could crash the emulator if passed + a term that was not a tuple.</p> + <p>If a bit syntax construction failed within a catch, + previously assigned variables could get the wrong value.</p> + <p>The compiler now runs a validation pass on the + generated code and aborts before writing a Beam file if + any suspect code is found. In particular, the validation + pass checks for incorrect code that may cause emulator + crashes or other strange symptoms in the emulator.</p> + <p>Some corrections to the unsupported feature + parameterized modules by Richard Carlsson (HiPE).</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5247 Aux Id: OTP-5235 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.3.1</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>Corrected the release note regarding <c><![CDATA[try/catch]]></c> below. + <c><![CDATA[try/catch]]></c> DOES work in the initial R10B release.</p> + <p>A few minor issues code generation issues were corrected. + Although the generated code was correct, it was slightly + slower and larger than it needed to be.</p> + <p>A debug printout (that could be seen in rare + circumstances) has been removed.</p> + <p><c><![CDATA[not record_test(not_a_tuple, RecordTag)]]></c> and + similar expressions in a guard would fail.</p> + <p>New options <c><![CDATA[basic_validation]]></c> and + <c><![CDATA[strong_validation]]></c> to do a quick check of the code + of a module.</p> + <p>The <c><![CDATA[inline]]></c> option was not recognized if it + appeared in a <c><![CDATA[-compile()]]></c> directive inside the + module.</p> + <p>Corrected some bugs in the undocumented feature + "parameterized modules".</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5198</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>When the undocumented feature "parameterized modules" was + used, the <c><![CDATA[?MODULE]]></c> macro did not work correctly.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5224</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> +</chapter> + diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/src/notes_history.xml b/lib/compiler/doc/src/notes_history.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..db0dc2f683 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/src/notes_history.xml @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> + +<chapter> + <header> + <copyright> + <year>2006</year><year>2009</year> + <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> + </copyright> + <legalnotice> + The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, + Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in + compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the + Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be + retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. + + Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" + basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See + the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations + under the License. + + </legalnotice> + + <title>Compiler Release Notes History</title> + <prepared>otp_appnotes</prepared> + <docno>nil</docno> + <date>nil</date> + <rev>nil</rev> + </header> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.3</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>The semantics for boolean operators in guards have + been changed to be more consistent.</p> + <p>All boolean operators will fail if given non-boolean + arguments; '<c><![CDATA[true or garbage]]></c>' used to succeed but + will now fail. Also, failure in the evaluation of + the operands will also cause the guard to fail; + '<c><![CDATA[true or element(1, [])]]></c>' used to succeed but will + now fail.</p> + <p>Semicolon will behave as it used to. If a failure as + described above occurs, evaluation will continue with + the right operand of the semicolon.</p> + <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-4623</p> + </item> + <item> + <p><c><![CDATA[-compile(...)]]></c> attributes inside an Erlang module + can now contain compiler options that control warnings + (such as <c><![CDATA[warn_unused_vars]]></c>). They used to be ignored.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-4911</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>When a record was updated, and the record given as an + expression (such as function call), the record could be + evaluated more than once.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-4933</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Compilation of modules with long strings could be + extremely slow.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-4960 Aux Id: seq8310 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>In bit syntax matching with clauses having guards, + sometimes the following clauses would never match if a + guard was evaluated (and failed).</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-4961 Aux Id: seq8338, OTP-4891 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Using multiple matching ('=') in the pattern for a + generator in list comprehension would cause an internal + compiler error.</p> + <p>Example:</p> + <code type="none"><![CDATA[ +[3 || {3=4} <- []]. + ]]></code> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5076 Aux Id: OTP-5092 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>List and string literals, and integer and character + literals were not equivalent in matching as they should + be. For instance, <c><![CDATA[f("a"=[$a])]]></c> would never match.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5092 Aux Id: OTP-5076 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>The compiler used to warn for definition of functions + having the same name as an auto-imported BIF (such as + <c><![CDATA[size/1]]></c>). In the R10B release, such warnings will + only be emitted if the function is NOT exported (because it + will be impossible to call it). Instead, there will be a + warning for any local call (call without module prefix) + to any (exported) function in the same module that is + also the name of an auto-imported BIF. To avoid the + warning, insert a module prefix (either <c><![CDATA[erlang]]></c> to + call the BIF, or the name of the module to call function in + the module).</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-4909</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The unary '+' operator has been changed to throw an + <c><![CDATA[badarith]]></c> exception if its argument is not numeric (or + fail in a guard). It used its argument unchanged whatever + the type. Given the new meaning, unary '+' can now be + used to test whether a term is numeric.</p> + <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-4928</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The compiler now warns for more types of suspect code, + such as expressions that will fail at run-time (such as + <c><![CDATA[atom-42]]></c>), guards that are always false, or + patterns that cannot match.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5098 Aux Id: seq8965, OTP-2456 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>The long-awaited <c><![CDATA[try]]></c>...<c><![CDATA[catch]]></c> construction + is included in this release. See the reference manual + for how to use it.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5150</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.2.3</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>The compiler could generate incorrect code for receive + clauses did not use the message in any way, for instance + if a guard would ignore message depending on some + condition not based on the contents of the message (e.g. + a state variable in the "loop data").</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-5050</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.2.2</title> + + <section> + <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>Compilation of modules with long strings could be + extremely slow.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-4960 Aux Id: seq8310 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>In bit syntax matching with clauses having guards, + sometimes the following clauses would never match if a + guard was evaluated (and failed).</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-4961 Aux Id: seq8338, OTP-4891 </p> + </item> + <item> + <p>In <c><![CDATA[(Expr)#rec{a=A,b=B}]]></c>, <c><![CDATA[Expr]]></c> would be + evaluated more than once.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-4962 Aux Id: seq8292 </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Compiler 4.2.1</title> + + <section> + <title>Improvements and New Features</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>In rare circumstances, the compiler could optimize away + test that would verify that a tuple or record argument + indeed was of the correct type (resulting in an emulator + crash if the argument was not of the correct type/size). + Wrong code could also be generated for floating point + expressions.</p> + <p>Own Id: OTP-4790</p> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> +</chapter> + diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/src/part_notes.xml b/lib/compiler/doc/src/part_notes.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e730e3f7e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/src/part_notes.xml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd"> + +<part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> + <header> + <copyright> + <year>2004</year><year>2009</year> + <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> + </copyright> + <legalnotice> + The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, + Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in + compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the + Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be + retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. + + Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" + basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See + the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations + under the License. + + </legalnotice> + + <title>Compiler Release Notes</title> + <prepared></prepared> + <docno></docno> + <date>2004-09-07</date> + <rev>1.0</rev> + </header> + <description> + <p>The <em>Compiler</em> application compiles Erlang + code to byte-code. The highly compact byte-code is executed by + the Erlang emulator.</p> + <p>For information about older versions, see + <url href="part_notes_history_frame.html">Release Notes History</url>.</p> + </description> + <xi:include href="notes.xml"/> +</part> + diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/src/part_notes_history.xml b/lib/compiler/doc/src/part_notes_history.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd17c4285e --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/src/part_notes_history.xml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd"> + +<part> + <header> + <copyright> + <year>2006</year> + <year>2007</year> + <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> + </copyright> + <legalnotice> + The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, + Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in + compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the + Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be + retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. + + Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" + basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See + the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations + under the License. + + The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Ericsson AB. + </legalnotice> + + <title>Compiler Release Notes History</title> + <prepared></prepared> + <docno></docno> + <date></date> + <rev></rev> + </header> + <description> + <p>The <em>Compiler</em> application compiles Erlang + code to byte-code. The highly compact byte-code is executed by + the Erlang emulator.</p> + </description> + <include file="notes_history"></include> +</part> + diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/src/ref_man.xml b/lib/compiler/doc/src/ref_man.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..74fe45aa77 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/src/ref_man.xml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<!DOCTYPE application SYSTEM "application.dtd"> + +<application xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> + <header> + <copyright> + <year>1996</year><year>2009</year> + <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> + </copyright> + <legalnotice> + The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, + Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in + compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the + Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be + retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. + + Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" + basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See + the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations + under the License. + + </legalnotice> + + <title>Compiler Reference Manual</title> + <prepared>Robert Virding</prepared> + <docno></docno> + <date>1997-05-02</date> + <rev>1.1.2</rev> + <file>application.sgml</file> + </header> + <description> + <p>The <em>Compiler</em> application compiles Erlang + code to byte-code. The highly compact byte-code is executed by + the Erlang emulator.</p> + </description> + <xi:include href="compile.xml"/> +</application> + diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/src/user_guide.gif b/lib/compiler/doc/src/user_guide.gif Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e6275a803d --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/src/user_guide.gif diff --git a/lib/compiler/doc/src/warning.gif b/lib/compiler/doc/src/warning.gif Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000000..96af52360e --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/compiler/doc/src/warning.gif |
