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-rw-r--r--lib/compiler/test/beam_block_SUITE.erl72
-rw-r--r--lib/compiler/test/beam_type_SUITE.erl75
-rw-r--r--lib/compiler/test/beam_validator_SUITE.erl20
-rw-r--r--lib/compiler/test/beam_validator_SUITE_data/bad_tuples.S88
-rw-r--r--lib/compiler/test/bs_match_SUITE.erl27
-rw-r--r--lib/compiler/test/compile_SUITE.erl17
-rw-r--r--lib/compiler/test/compile_SUITE_data/big.erl4
-rw-r--r--lib/compiler/test/misc_SUITE.erl12
-rw-r--r--lib/compiler/test/trycatch_SUITE.erl108
9 files changed, 395 insertions, 28 deletions
diff --git a/lib/compiler/test/beam_block_SUITE.erl b/lib/compiler/test/beam_block_SUITE.erl
index 55d5f2dbe8..38ead96cc8 100644
--- a/lib/compiler/test/beam_block_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/compiler/test/beam_block_SUITE.erl
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
-export([all/0,suite/0,groups/0,init_per_suite/1,end_per_suite/1,
init_per_group/2,end_per_group/2,
get_map_elements/1,otp_7345/1,move_opt_across_gc_bif/1,
- erl_202/1,repro/1]).
+ erl_202/1,repro/1,local_cse/1,second_block_pass/1]).
%% The only test for the following functions is that
%% the code compiles and is accepted by beam_validator.
@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ groups() ->
otp_7345,
move_opt_across_gc_bif,
erl_202,
- repro
+ repro,
+ local_cse,
+ second_block_pass
]}].
init_per_suite(Config) ->
@@ -237,6 +239,72 @@ find_operands(Cfg,XsiGraph,ActiveList,Count) ->
[Count+1, length(NewActiveList), length(digraph:vertices(XsiGraph))],
find_operands(NewCfg,XsiGraph,NewActiveList,Count+1).
+%% Some tests of local common subexpression elimination (CSE).
+
+local_cse(_Config) ->
+ {Self,{ok,Self}} = local_cse_1(),
+
+ local_cse_2([]),
+ local_cse_2(lists:seq(1, 512)),
+ local_cse_2(?MODULE:module_info()),
+
+ {[b],[a,b]} = local_cse_3(a, b),
+
+ {2000,Self,{Self,write_cache}} = local_cse_4(),
+
+ ok.
+
+local_cse_1() ->
+ %% Cover handling of unsafe tuple construction in
+ %% eliminate_use_of_from_reg/4. It became necessary to handle
+ %% unsafe tuples when local CSE was introduced.
+
+ {self(),{ok,self()}}.
+
+local_cse_2(Term) ->
+ case cse_make_binary(Term) of
+ <<Size:8,BinTerm:Size/binary>> ->
+ Term = binary_to_term(BinTerm);
+ <<Size:8,SizeTerm:Size/binary,BinTerm/binary>> ->
+ {'$size',TermSize} = binary_to_term(SizeTerm),
+ TermSize = byte_size(BinTerm),
+ Term = binary_to_term(BinTerm)
+ end.
+
+%% Copy of observer_backend:ttb_make_binary/1. During development of
+%% the local CSE optimization this function was incorrectly optimized.
+
+cse_make_binary(Term) ->
+ B = term_to_binary(Term),
+ SizeB = byte_size(B),
+ if SizeB > 255 ->
+ SB = term_to_binary({'$size',SizeB}),
+ <<(byte_size(SB)):8, SB/binary, B/binary>>;
+ true ->
+ <<SizeB:8, B/binary>>
+ end.
+
+local_cse_3(X, Y) ->
+ %% The following expression was incorrectly transformed to {[X,Y],[X,Y]}
+ %% during development of the local CSE optimization.
+
+ {[Y],[X,Y]}.
+
+local_cse_4() ->
+ do_local_cse_4(2000, self(), {self(), write_cache}).
+
+do_local_cse_4(X, Y, Z) ->
+ {X,Y,Z}.
+
+%% Tests previously found bugs when running beam_block the second time.
+
+second_block_pass(_Config) ->
+ [#{dts:=5.0}] = second_1([#{dts => 10.0}], 2.0),
+ ok.
+
+second_1(Fs, TS) ->
+ [F#{dts=>DTS / TS} || #{dts:=DTS} = F <- Fs].
+
%%%
%%% Common functions.
%%%
diff --git a/lib/compiler/test/beam_type_SUITE.erl b/lib/compiler/test/beam_type_SUITE.erl
index fe856b12b6..e33df809ff 100644
--- a/lib/compiler/test/beam_type_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/compiler/test/beam_type_SUITE.erl
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
init_per_group/2,end_per_group/2,
integers/1,coverage/1,booleans/1,setelement/1,cons/1,
tuple/1,record_float/1,binary_float/1,float_compare/1,
- arity_checks/1]).
+ arity_checks/1,elixir_binaries/1]).
suite() -> [{ct_hooks,[ts_install_cth]}].
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ groups() ->
record_float,
binary_float,
float_compare,
- arity_checks
+ arity_checks,
+ elixir_binaries
]}].
init_per_suite(Config) ->
@@ -66,6 +67,15 @@ integers(_Config) ->
college = do_integers_3(),
+ zero = do_integers_4(<<0:1>>, 0),
+ one = do_integers_4(<<1:1>>, 0),
+ other = do_integers_4(<<1:1>>, 2),
+
+ zero = do_integers_5(0, 0),
+ one = do_integers_5(0, 1),
+ two = do_integers_5(0, 2),
+ three = do_integers_5(0, 3),
+
ok.
do_integers_1(B0) ->
@@ -88,6 +98,30 @@ do_integers_3() ->
1 -> 0
end.
+do_integers_4(<<X:1,T/bits>>, C) ->
+ %% Binary matching gives the range 0-1 for X.
+ %% The range for `X bor C` is unknown. It must not be inherited
+ %% from X. (`X bor C` will reuse the register used for X.)
+ case X bor C of
+ 0 -> do_integers_4(T, C, zero);
+ 1 -> do_integers_4(T, C, one);
+ _ -> do_integers_4(T, C, other)
+ end.
+
+do_integers_4(_, _, Res) ->
+ Res.
+
+do_integers_5(X0, Y0) ->
+ %% X and Y will use the same register.
+ X = X0 band 1,
+ Y = Y0 band 3,
+ case Y of
+ 0 -> zero;
+ 1 -> one;
+ 2 -> two;
+ 3 -> three
+ end.
+
coverage(_Config) ->
{'EXIT',{badarith,_}} = (catch id(1) bsl 0.5),
{'EXIT',{badarith,_}} = (catch id(2.0) bsl 2),
@@ -199,5 +233,42 @@ do_tuple_arity_check(RGB) when is_tuple(RGB),
_ -> ok
end.
+elixir_binaries(_Config) ->
+ <<"foo blitzky baz">> = elixir_binary_1(<<"blitzky">>),
+ <<"foo * baz">> = elixir_binary_2($*),
+ <<7:4,755:10>> = elixir_bitstring_3(<<755:10>>),
+ ok.
+
+elixir_binary_1(Bar) when is_binary(Bar) ->
+ <<"foo ",
+ case Bar of
+ Rewrite when is_binary(Rewrite) ->
+ Rewrite;
+ Rewrite ->
+ list_to_binary(Rewrite)
+ end/binary,
+ " baz">>.
+
+elixir_binary_2(Arg) ->
+ Bin = <<Arg>>,
+ <<"foo ",
+ case Bin of
+ Rewrite when is_binary(Rewrite) ->
+ Rewrite;
+ Rewrite ->
+ list_to_binary:to_string(Rewrite)
+ end/binary,
+ " baz">>.
+
+elixir_bitstring_3(Bar) when is_bitstring(Bar) ->
+ <<7:4,
+ case Bar of
+ Rewrite when is_bitstring(Rewrite) ->
+ Rewrite;
+ Rewrite ->
+ list_to_bitstring(Rewrite)
+ end/bitstring>>.
+
+
id(I) ->
I.
diff --git a/lib/compiler/test/beam_validator_SUITE.erl b/lib/compiler/test/beam_validator_SUITE.erl
index 685eb2a72e..63a13281a8 100644
--- a/lib/compiler/test/beam_validator_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/compiler/test/beam_validator_SUITE.erl
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
state_after_fault_in_catch/1,no_exception_in_catch/1,
undef_label/1,illegal_instruction/1,failing_gc_guard_bif/1,
map_field_lists/1,cover_bin_opt/1,
- val_dsetel/1]).
-
+ val_dsetel/1,bad_tuples/1]).
+
-include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl").
init_per_testcase(Case, Config) when is_atom(Case), is_list(Config) ->
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ groups() ->
freg_state,bad_bin_match,bad_dsetel,
state_after_fault_in_catch,no_exception_in_catch,
undef_label,illegal_instruction,failing_gc_guard_bif,
- map_field_lists,cover_bin_opt,val_dsetel]}].
+ map_field_lists,cover_bin_opt,val_dsetel,
+ bad_tuples]}].
init_per_suite(Config) ->
Config.
@@ -509,6 +510,19 @@ destroy_reg({Tag,N}) ->
{y,N+1}
end.
+bad_tuples(Config) ->
+ Errors = do_val(bad_tuples, Config),
+ [{{bad_tuples,heap_overflow,1},
+ {{put,{x,0}},8,{heap_overflow,{left,0},{wanted,1}}}},
+ {{bad_tuples,long,2},
+ {{put,{atom,too_long}},8,not_building_a_tuple}},
+ {{bad_tuples,self_referential,1},
+ {{put,{x,1}},7,{tuple_in_progress,{x,1}}}},
+ {{bad_tuples,short,1},
+ {{move,{x,1},{x,0}},7,{tuple_in_progress,{x,1}}}}] = Errors,
+
+ ok.
+
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
transform_remove(Remove, Module) ->
diff --git a/lib/compiler/test/beam_validator_SUITE_data/bad_tuples.S b/lib/compiler/test/beam_validator_SUITE_data/bad_tuples.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7980241c37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/compiler/test/beam_validator_SUITE_data/bad_tuples.S
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+{module, bad_tuples}. %% version = 0
+
+{exports, [{heap_overflow,1},
+ {long,2},
+ {module_info,0},
+ {module_info,1},
+ {self_referential,1},
+ {short,1}]}.
+
+{attributes, []}.
+
+{labels, 13}.
+
+
+{function, short, 1, 2}.
+ {label,1}.
+ {line,[{location,"bad_tuples.erl",4}]}.
+ {func_info,{atom,bad_tuples},{atom,short},1}.
+ {label,2}.
+ {test_heap,3,1}.
+ {put_tuple,2,{x,1}}.
+ {put,{atom,ok}}.
+ {move,{x,1},{x,0}}.
+ return.
+
+
+{function, long, 2, 4}.
+ {label,3}.
+ {line,[{location,"bad_tuples.erl",7}]}.
+ {func_info,{atom,bad_tuples},{atom,long},2}.
+ {label,4}.
+ {test_heap,6,2}.
+ {put_tuple,2,{x,2}}.
+ {put,{x,0}}.
+ {put,{x,1}}.
+ {put,{atom,too_long}}.
+ {put_tuple,2,{x,0}}.
+ {put,{atom,ok}}.
+ {put,{x,2}}.
+ return.
+
+
+{function, heap_overflow, 1, 6}.
+ {label,5}.
+ {line,[{location,"bad_tuples.erl",10}]}.
+ {func_info,{atom,bad_tuples},{atom,heap_overflow},1}.
+ {label,6}.
+ {test_heap,3,1}.
+ {put_tuple,2,{x,1}}.
+ {put,{atom,ok}}.
+ {put,{x,0}}.
+ {put,{x,0}}.
+ {move,{x,1},{x,0}}.
+ return.
+
+
+{function, self_referential, 1, 8}.
+ {label,7}.
+ {line,[{location,"bad_tuples.erl",13}]}.
+ {func_info,{atom,bad_tuples},{atom,self_referential},1}.
+ {label,8}.
+ {test_heap,3,1}.
+ {put_tuple,2,{x,1}}.
+ {put,{atom,ok}}.
+ {put,{x,1}}.
+ {move,{x,1},{x,0}}.
+ return.
+
+
+{function, module_info, 0, 10}.
+ {label,9}.
+ {line,[]}.
+ {func_info,{atom,bad_tuples},{atom,module_info},0}.
+ {label,10}.
+ {move,{atom,bad_tuples},{x,0}}.
+ {line,[]}.
+ {call_ext_only,1,{extfunc,erlang,get_module_info,1}}.
+
+
+{function, module_info, 1, 12}.
+ {label,11}.
+ {line,[]}.
+ {func_info,{atom,bad_tuples},{atom,module_info},1}.
+ {label,12}.
+ {move,{x,0},{x,1}}.
+ {move,{atom,bad_tuples},{x,0}}.
+ {line,[]}.
+ {call_ext_only,2,{extfunc,erlang,get_module_info,2}}.
diff --git a/lib/compiler/test/bs_match_SUITE.erl b/lib/compiler/test/bs_match_SUITE.erl
index 7557d6d57b..235956a714 100644
--- a/lib/compiler/test/bs_match_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/compiler/test/bs_match_SUITE.erl
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
map_and_binary/1,unsafe_branch_caching/1,
bad_literals/1,good_literals/1,constant_propagation/1,
parse_xml/1,get_payload/1,escape/1,num_slots_different/1,
- beam_bsm/1,guard/1,is_ascii/1]).
+ beam_bsm/1,guard/1,is_ascii/1,non_opt_eq/1]).
-export([coverage_id/1,coverage_external_ignore/2]).
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ groups() ->
map_and_binary,unsafe_branch_caching,
bad_literals,good_literals,constant_propagation,parse_xml,
get_payload,escape,num_slots_different,
- beam_bsm,guard,is_ascii]}].
+ beam_bsm,guard,is_ascii,non_opt_eq]}].
init_per_suite(Config) ->
@@ -678,6 +678,10 @@ coverage(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
<<>> = coverage_per_key(<<4:32>>),
<<$a,$b,$c>> = coverage_per_key(<<7:32,"abc">>),
+ binary = coverage_bitstring(<<>>),
+ binary = coverage_bitstring(<<7>>),
+ bitstring = coverage_bitstring(<<7:4>>),
+ other = coverage_bitstring([a]),
ok.
coverage_fold(Fun, Acc, <<H,T/binary>>) ->
@@ -768,6 +772,10 @@ coverage_per_key(<<BinSize:32,Bin/binary>> = B) ->
true = (byte_size(B) =:= BinSize),
Bin.
+coverage_bitstring(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) -> binary;
+coverage_bitstring(<<_/bitstring>>) -> bitstring;
+coverage_bitstring(_) -> other.
+
multiple_uses(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
{344,62879,345,<<245,159,1,89>>} = multiple_uses_1(<<1,88,245,159,1,89>>),
true = multiple_uses_2(<<0,0,197,18>>),
@@ -1654,6 +1662,21 @@ do_is_ascii(<<C,_/binary>>) when C >= 16#80 ->
do_is_ascii(<<_, T/binary>>) ->
do_is_ascii(T).
+non_opt_eq(_Config) ->
+ true = non_opt_eq([], <<>>),
+ true = non_opt_eq([$a], <<$a>>),
+ false = non_opt_eq([$a], <<$b>>),
+ ok.
+
+%% An example from the Efficiency Guide. It used to be not optimized,
+%% but now it can be optimized.
+
+non_opt_eq([H|T1], <<H,T2/binary>>) ->
+ non_opt_eq(T1, T2);
+non_opt_eq([_|_], <<_,_/binary>>) ->
+ false;
+non_opt_eq([], <<>>) ->
+ true.
check(F, R) ->
R = F().
diff --git a/lib/compiler/test/compile_SUITE.erl b/lib/compiler/test/compile_SUITE.erl
index 35c11d894d..eee5bc733f 100644
--- a/lib/compiler/test/compile_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/compiler/test/compile_SUITE.erl
@@ -1455,19 +1455,21 @@ env_compiler_options(_Config) ->
bc_options(Config) ->
DataDir = proplists:get_value(data_dir, Config),
- 101 = highest_opcode(DataDir, small_float, [no_line_info]),
+ 101 = highest_opcode(DataDir, small_float, [no_get_hd_tl,no_line_info]),
103 = highest_opcode(DataDir, big,
- [no_record_opt,no_line_info,no_stack_trimming]),
+ [no_get_hd_tl,no_record_opt,
+ no_line_info,no_stack_trimming]),
- 125 = highest_opcode(DataDir, small_float, [no_line_info,no_float_opt]),
+ 125 = highest_opcode(DataDir, small_float,
+ [no_get_hd_tl,no_line_info,no_float_opt]),
132 = highest_opcode(DataDir, small,
- [no_record_opt,no_float_opt,no_line_info]),
+ [no_get_hd_tl,no_record_opt,no_float_opt,no_line_info]),
- 136 = highest_opcode(DataDir, big, [no_record_opt,no_line_info]),
+ 136 = highest_opcode(DataDir, big, [no_get_hd_tl,no_record_opt,no_line_info]),
- 153 = highest_opcode(DataDir, big, [no_record_opt]),
+ 153 = highest_opcode(DataDir, big, [no_get_hd_tl,no_record_opt]),
153 = highest_opcode(DataDir, big, [r16]),
153 = highest_opcode(DataDir, big, [r17]),
153 = highest_opcode(DataDir, big, [r18]),
@@ -1478,9 +1480,10 @@ bc_options(Config) ->
158 = highest_opcode(DataDir, small_maps, [r17]),
158 = highest_opcode(DataDir, small_maps, [r18]),
158 = highest_opcode(DataDir, small_maps, [r19]),
+ 158 = highest_opcode(DataDir, small_maps, [r20]),
158 = highest_opcode(DataDir, small_maps, []),
- 159 = highest_opcode(DataDir, big, []),
+ 163 = highest_opcode(DataDir, big, []),
ok.
diff --git a/lib/compiler/test/compile_SUITE_data/big.erl b/lib/compiler/test/compile_SUITE_data/big.erl
index 2e54ee8660..1db07755a1 100644
--- a/lib/compiler/test/compile_SUITE_data/big.erl
+++ b/lib/compiler/test/compile_SUITE_data/big.erl
@@ -741,3 +741,7 @@ snmp_access(suite) ->
debug_support(suite) ->
[ info, schema, schema, kill, lkill ].
+%% Cover translation of get_hd/2 to get_list/3 when option no_get_hd_tl
+%% is given.
+cover_get_hd([Hd|_]) ->
+ Hd.
diff --git a/lib/compiler/test/misc_SUITE.erl b/lib/compiler/test/misc_SUITE.erl
index d93c5dda1e..4e39f4663e 100644
--- a/lib/compiler/test/misc_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/compiler/test/misc_SUITE.erl
@@ -359,9 +359,7 @@ integer_encoding_1(Config) ->
io:put_chars(Src, "t(Last) ->[\n"),
io:put_chars(Data, "[\n"),
- do_integer_encoding(-(id(1) bsl 10000), Src, Data),
- do_integer_encoding(id(1) bsl 10000, Src, Data),
- do_integer_encoding(1024, 0, Src, Data),
+ do_integer_encoding(137, 0, Src, Data),
_ = [begin
B = 1 bsl I,
do_integer_encoding(-B-1, Src, Data),
@@ -370,7 +368,7 @@ integer_encoding_1(Config) ->
do_integer_encoding(B-1, Src, Data),
do_integer_encoding(B, Src, Data),
do_integer_encoding(B+1, Src, Data)
- end || I <- lists:seq(1, 128)],
+ end || I <- lists:seq(1, 130)],
io:put_chars(Src, "Last].\n\n"),
ok = file:close(Src),
io:put_chars(Data, "0].\n\n"),
@@ -384,8 +382,6 @@ integer_encoding_1(Config) ->
%% Compare lists.
List = Mod:t(0),
{ok,[List]} = file:consult(DataFile),
- OneBsl10000 = id(1) bsl 10000,
- [-(1 bsl 10000),OneBsl10000|_] = List,
%% Cleanup.
file:delete(SrcFile),
@@ -404,7 +400,3 @@ do_integer_encoding(I, Src, Data) ->
Str = integer_to_list(I),
io:put_chars(Src, [Str,",\n"]),
io:put_chars(Data, [Str,",\n"]).
-
-
-id(I) -> I.
-
diff --git a/lib/compiler/test/trycatch_SUITE.erl b/lib/compiler/test/trycatch_SUITE.erl
index 8cf7928cc4..d5a1dc642f 100644
--- a/lib/compiler/test/trycatch_SUITE.erl
+++ b/lib/compiler/test/trycatch_SUITE.erl
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
nested_horrid/1,last_call_optimization/1,bool/1,
plain_catch_coverage/1,andalso_orelse/1,get_in_try/1,
hockey/1,handle_info/1,catch_in_catch/1,grab_bag/1,
- stacktrace/1,nested_stacktrace/1]).
+ stacktrace/1,nested_stacktrace/1,raise/1]).
-include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl").
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ groups() ->
nested_after,nested_horrid,last_call_optimization,
bool,plain_catch_coverage,andalso_orelse,get_in_try,
hockey,handle_info,catch_in_catch,grab_bag,
- stacktrace,nested_stacktrace]}].
+ stacktrace,nested_stacktrace,raise]}].
init_per_suite(Config) ->
@@ -117,6 +117,16 @@ basic(Conf) when is_list(Conf) ->
catch nisse -> erro
end,
+ %% Unmatchable clauses.
+ try
+ throw(thrown)
+ catch
+ {a,b}={a,b,c} -> %Intentionally no match.
+ ok;
+ thrown ->
+ ok
+ end,
+
ok.
after_call() ->
@@ -1159,5 +1169,99 @@ nested_stacktrace_1({X1,C1,V1}, {X2,C2,V2}) ->
{caught1,S1,T2}
end.
+raise(_Config) ->
+ test_raise(fun() -> exit({exit,tuple}) end),
+ test_raise(fun() -> abs(id(x)) end),
+ test_raise(fun() -> throw({was,thrown}) end),
+
+ badarg = bad_raise(fun() -> abs(id(x)) end),
+
+ ok.
+
+bad_raise(Expr) ->
+ try
+ Expr()
+ catch
+ _:E:Stk ->
+ erlang:raise(bad_class, E, Stk)
+ end.
+
+test_raise(Expr) ->
+ test_raise_1(Expr),
+ test_raise_2(Expr),
+ test_raise_3(Expr).
+
+test_raise_1(Expr) ->
+ erase(exception),
+ try
+ do_test_raise_1(Expr)
+ catch
+ C:E:Stk ->
+ {C,E,Stk} = erase(exception)
+ end.
+
+do_test_raise_1(Expr) ->
+ try
+ Expr()
+ catch
+ C:E:Stk ->
+ %% Here the stacktrace must be built.
+ put(exception, {C,E,Stk}),
+ erlang:raise(C, E, Stk)
+ end.
+
+test_raise_2(Expr) ->
+ erase(exception),
+ try
+ do_test_raise_2(Expr)
+ catch
+ C:E:Stk ->
+ {C,E} = erase(exception),
+ try
+ Expr()
+ catch
+ _:_:S ->
+ [StkTop|_] = S,
+ [StkTop|_] = Stk
+ end
+ end.
+
+do_test_raise_2(Expr) ->
+ try
+ Expr()
+ catch
+ C:E:Stk ->
+ %% Here it is possible to replace erlang:raise/3 with
+ %% the raw_raise/3 instruction since the stacktrace is
+ %% not actually used.
+ put(exception, {C,E}),
+ erlang:raise(C, E, Stk)
+ end.
+
+test_raise_3(Expr) ->
+ try
+ do_test_raise_3(Expr)
+ catch
+ exit:{exception,C,E}:Stk ->
+ try
+ Expr()
+ catch
+ C:E:S ->
+ [StkTop|_] = S,
+ [StkTop|_] = Stk
+ end
+ end.
+
+do_test_raise_3(Expr) ->
+ try
+ Expr()
+ catch
+ C:E:Stk ->
+ %% Here it is possible to replace erlang:raise/3 with
+ %% the raw_raise/3 instruction since the stacktrace is
+ %% not actually used.
+ erlang:raise(exit, {exception,C,E}, Stk)
+ end.
+
id(I) -> I.