diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'lib/diameter/test')
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/diameter/test/Makefile | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/diameter/test/diameter_codec_test.erl | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/diameter/test/diameter_compiler_SUITE.erl | 51 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/diameter/test/diameter_config_SUITE.erl | 261 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/diameter/test/diameter_ct.erl | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/diameter/test/diameter_examples_SUITE.erl | 334 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/diameter/test/modules.mk | 2 |
7 files changed, 609 insertions, 52 deletions
diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/Makefile b/lib/diameter/test/Makefile index 061f0bcbef..9719c67b32 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/Makefile +++ b/lib/diameter/test/Makefile @@ -93,6 +93,11 @@ info: @$(call list,HRL_FILES) @echo @$(call list,SUITES) + @echo + @echo erl = $(shell which erl) + @erl -noinput \ + -eval 'io:format("diameter = ~s~n", [code:lib_dir(diameter)])' \ + -s init stop @echo ======================================== help: diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_codec_test.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_codec_test.erl index dc8cbffc83..0baac59c1a 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_codec_test.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_codec_test.erl @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ lib(N, {_,_} = T) -> lib(IP, B) -> LA = tuple_to_list(IP), {SA,Fun} = ip(LA), - [] = run([[fun lib/4, IP, B, Fun, A] || A <- [IP, LA, SA]]). + [] = run([[fun lib/4, IP, B, Fun, A] || A <- [IP, SA]]). lib(IP, B, Fun, A) -> try Fun(A) of @@ -78,10 +78,10 @@ lib(IP, B, Fun, A) -> ip([_,_,_,_] = A) -> [$.|S] = lists:append(["." ++ integer_to_list(N) || N <- A]), - {S, fun diameter_lib:ip4address/1}; + {S, fun diameter_lib:ipaddr/1}; ip([_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_] = A) -> [$:|S] = lists:flatten([":" ++ io_lib:format("~.16B", [N]) || N <- A]), - {S, fun diameter_lib:ip6address/1}. + {S, fun diameter_lib:ipaddr/1}. %% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %% base/1 diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_compiler_SUITE.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_compiler_SUITE.erl index 79bf9d32db..81722c8dca 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_compiler_SUITE.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_compiler_SUITE.erl @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% -%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2012. All Rights Reserved. +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2010-2013. All Rights Reserved. %% %% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, %% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ %% testcases -export([format/1, format/2, replace/1, replace/2, - generate/1, generate/4, - examples/1]). + generate/1, generate/4]). -export([dict/0]). %% fake dictionary module @@ -328,14 +327,6 @@ "@codecs mymod " "Origin-Host Origin-Realm\n&"}]}]). -%% Standard dictionaries in examples/dict. --define(EXAMPLES, [rfc4004_mip, - rfc4005_nas, - rfc4006_cc, - rfc4072_eap, - rfc4590_digest, - rfc4740_sip]). - %% =========================================================================== suite() -> @@ -344,8 +335,7 @@ suite() -> all() -> [format, replace, - generate, - examples]. + generate]. %% Error handling testcases will make an erroneous dictionary out of %% the base dictionary and check that the expected error results. @@ -429,41 +419,6 @@ generate(Mods, Bin, N, Mode) -> andalso ({ok, _} = compile:file(File ++ ".erl", [return_errors])). %% =========================================================================== -%% examples/1 -%% -%% Compile dictionaries extracted from various standards. - -examples(_Config) -> - Dir = filename:join([code:lib_dir(diameter, examples), "dict"]), - [D || D <- ?EXAMPLES, _ <- [examples(?S(D), Dir)]]. - -examples(Dict, Dir) -> - {Name, Pre} = make_name(Dict), - ok = diameter_make:codec(filename:join([Dir, Dict ++ ".dia"]), - [{name, Name}, - {prefix, Pre}, - inherits("rfc3588_base") - | opts(Dict)]), - {ok, _, _} = compile:file(Name ++ ".erl", [return]). - -opts(M) - when M == "rfc4006_cc"; - M == "rfc4072_eap" -> - [inherits("rfc4005_nas")]; -opts("rfc4740_sip") -> - [inherits("rfc4590_digest")]; -opts(_) -> - []. - -inherits(File) -> - {Name, _} = make_name(File), - {inherits, File ++ "/" ++ Name}. - -make_name(File) -> - {R, [$_|N]} = lists:splitwith(fun(C) -> C /= $_ end, File), - {string:join(["diameter_gen", N, R], "_"), "diameter_" ++ N}. - -%% =========================================================================== modify(Bin, Mods) -> lists:foldl(fun re/2, Bin, Mods). diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_config_SUITE.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_config_SUITE.erl new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..47def9c8c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_config_SUITE.erl @@ -0,0 +1,261 @@ +%% coding: utf-8 +%% +%% %CopyrightBegin% +%% +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2013. All Rights Reserved. +%% +%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, +%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in +%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the +%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be +%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. +%% +%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" +%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See +%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations +%% under the License. +%% +%% %CopyrightEnd% +%% + +%% +%% Test service and transport config. In particular, of the detection +%% of config errors. +%% + +-module(diameter_config_SUITE). + +-export([suite/0, + all/0]). + +%% testcases +-export([start/1, + start_service/1, + add_transport/1, + stop/1]). + +-define(util, diameter_util). + +%% Lists of {Key, GoodConfigList, BadConfigList} with which to +%% configure. + +-define(SERVICE_CONFIG, + [{application, + [[[{dictionary, diameter_gen_base_rfc6733}, + {module, ?MODULE}]] + | [[[{dictionary, D}, + {module, M}, + {alias, A}, + {state, S}, + {answer_errors, AE}, + {request_errors, RE}, + {call_mutates_state, C}]] + || D <- [diameter_gen_base_rfc3588, diameter_gen_base_rfc6733], + M <- [?MODULE, [?MODULE, now()]], + A <- [0, common, make_ref()], + S <- [[], make_ref()], + AE <- [report, callback, discard], + RE <- [answer_3xxx, answer, callback], + C <- [true, false]]], + [[x], + [[]], + [[{dictionary, diameter_gen_base_rfc3588}]], + [[{module, ?MODULE}]] + | [[[{dictionary, diameter_gen_base_rfc6733}, + {module, ?MODULE}, + {K,x}]] + || K <- [answer_errors, + request_errors, + call_mutates_state]]]}, + {restrict_connections, + [[false], [node], [nodes], [[node(), node()]]], + []}, + {sequence, + [[{0,32}], [{1,31}]], + [[{2,31}]]}, + {share_peers, + [[true], + [false], + [[node()]]], + [[x]]}, + {use_shared_peers, + [[true], + [false], + [[node(), node()]]], + [[x]]}]). + +-define(TRANSPORT_CONFIG, + [{transport_module, + [[?MODULE]], + [[[?MODULE]]]}, + {transport_config, + [[{}, 3000], + [{}, infinity]], + [[{}, x]]}, + {applications, + [[[1, a, [x]]]], + [[x]]}, + {capabilities, + [[[{'Origin-Host', "diameter.erlang.org"}]], + [[{'Origin-Realm', "erlang.org"}]]] + ++ [[[{'Host-IP-Address', L}]] + || L <- [[{127,0,0,1}], + ["127.0.0.1"], + ["127.0.0.1", "FFFF::1", "::1", {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}]]] + ++ [[[{'Product-Name', N}]] + || N <- [["Product", $-, ["Name"]], + "Norðurálfa", + "ᚠᚢᚦᚨᚱᚲ"]] + ++ [[[{K,V}]] + || K <- ['Vendor-Id', + 'Origin-State-Id', + 'Firmware-Revision'], + V <- [0, 256, 16#FFFF]] + ++ [[[{K,V}]] + || K <- ['Supported-Vendor-Id', + 'Auth-Application-Id', + 'Acct-Application-Id', + 'Inband-Security-Id'], + V <- [[17], [0, 256, 16#FFFF]]] + ++ [[[{'Vendor-Specific-Application-Id', + [[{'Vendor-Id', V}, + {'Auth-Application-Id', [0]}, + {'Acct-Application-Id', [4]}]]}]] + || V <- [1, [1]]], + [[x], [[{'Origin-Host', "ᚠᚢᚦᚨᚱᚲ"}]]] + ++ [[[{'Host-IP-Address', A}]] + || A <- [{127,0,0,1}]] + ++ [[[{'Product-Name', N}]] + || N <- [x, 1]] + ++ [[[{K,V}]] + || K <- ['Vendor-Id', + 'Origin-State-Id', + 'Firmware-Revision'], + V <- [x, [0], -1, 1 bsl 32]] + ++ [[[{K,V}]] + || K <- ['Supported-Vendor-Id', + 'Auth-Application-Id', + 'Acct-Application-Id', + 'Inband-Security-Id'], + V <- [x, 17, [-1], [1 bsl 32]]] + ++ [[[{'Vendor-Specific-Application-Id', V}]] + || V <- [x, + [[{'Vendor-Id', 1 bsl 32}]], + [[{'Auth-Application-Id', 1}]]]]}, + {capabilities_cb, + [[x]], + []}, + {capx_timeout, + [[3000]], + [[{?MODULE, tmo, []}]]}, + {disconnect_cb, + [[x]], + []}, + {length_errors, + [[exit], [handle], [discard]], + [[x]]}, + {reconnect_timer, + [[3000]], + [[infinity]]}, + {watchdog_timer, + [[3000], + [{?MODULE, tmo, []}]], + [[infinity], + [-1]]}, + {watchdog_config, + [[[{okay, 0}, {suspect, 0}]], + [[{okay, 1}]], + [[{suspect, 2}]]], + [[x], + [[{open, 0}]]]}]). + +%% =========================================================================== + +suite() -> + [{timetrap, {seconds, 60}}]. + +all() -> + [start, + start_service, + add_transport, + stop]. + +%% =========================================================================== + +start(_) -> + ok = diameter:start(). + +start_service(T) + when is_tuple(T) -> + do(fun start/3, T); + +start_service(_) -> + [] = ?util:run([{?MODULE, start_service, [T]} + || T <- [lists:keyfind(capabilities, 1, ?TRANSPORT_CONFIG) + | ?SERVICE_CONFIG]]). + +add_transport(T) + when is_tuple(T) -> + do(fun add/3, T); + +add_transport(_) -> + [] = ?util:run([{?MODULE, add_transport, [T]} + || T <- ?TRANSPORT_CONFIG]). + +stop(_) -> + ok = diameter:stop(). + +%% =========================================================================== + +%% do/2 + +do(F, {Key, Good, Bad}) -> + F(Key, Good, Bad). + +%% add/3 + +add(Key, Good, Bad) -> + {[],[]} = {[{Vs,T} || Vs <- Good, + T <- [add(Key, Vs)], + [T] /= [T || {ok,_} <- [T]]], + [{Vs,T} || Vs <- Bad, + T <- [add(Key, Vs)], + [T] /= [T || {error,_} <- [T]]]}. + +add(Key, Vs) -> + T = list_to_tuple([Key | Vs]), + diameter:add_transport(make_ref(), {connect, [T]}). + +%% start/3 + +start(Key, Good, Bad) -> + {[],[]} = {[{Vs,T} || Vs <- Good, + T <- [start(Key, Vs)], + T /= ok], + [{Vs,T} || Vs <- Bad, + T <- [start(Key, Vs)], + [T] /= [T || {error,_} <- [T]]]}. + +start(capabilities = K, [Vs]) -> + if is_list(Vs) -> + start(make_ref(), Vs ++ apps(K)); + true -> + {error, Vs} + end; + +start(Key, Vs) + when is_atom(Key) -> + start(make_ref(), [list_to_tuple([Key | Vs]) | apps(Key)]); + +start(SvcName, Opts) -> + try + diameter:start_service(SvcName, Opts) + after + diameter:stop_service(SvcName) + end. + +apps(application) -> + []; +apps(_) -> + [{application, [{dictionary, diameter_gen_base_rfc6733}, + {module, ?MODULE}]}]. diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_ct.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_ct.erl index 1697287a22..ed2f884681 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_ct.erl +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_ct.erl @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ info(L0, L1) -> L0, L1), Diff = [T, C, {memory, M}], - ct:pal("INFO: ~p~n", [Diff]). + io:format("INFO: ~p~n", [Diff]). diff(time, T0, T1) -> timer:now_diff(T1, T0); diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/diameter_examples_SUITE.erl b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_examples_SUITE.erl new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6d797f6911 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/diameter/test/diameter_examples_SUITE.erl @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ +%% +%% %CopyrightBegin% +%% +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2013. All Rights Reserved. +%% +%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, +%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in +%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the +%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be +%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. +%% +%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" +%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See +%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations +%% under the License. +%% +%% %CopyrightEnd% +%% + +%% +%% Test example code under ../examples/code. +%% + +-module(diameter_examples_SUITE). + +-export([suite/0, + all/0]). + +%% testcases +-export([dict/1, dict/0, + code/1, + enslave/1, + start/1, + traffic/1, + stop/1]). + +-export([install/1, + call/1]). + +-include("diameter.hrl"). + +%% =========================================================================== + +-define(util, diameter_util). + +%% The order here is significant and causes the server to listen +%% before the clients connect. +-define(NODES, [compile, server, client]). + +%% Options to ct_slave:start/2. +-define(TIMEOUTS, [{T, 15000} || T <- [boot_timeout, + init_timeout, + start_timeout]]). + +%% @inherits dependencies between example dictionaries. This is needed +%% in order compile them in the right order. Can't compile to erl to +%% find out since @inherits is a beam dependency. +-define(INHERITS, [{rfc4006_cc, [rfc4005_nas]}, + {rfc4072_eap, [rfc4005_nas]}, + {rfc4740_sip, [rfc4590_digest]}]). + +%% Common dictionaries to inherit from examples. +-define(DICT0, [rfc3588_base, rfc6733_base]). + +%% =========================================================================== + +suite() -> + [{timetrap, {seconds, 45}}]. + +all() -> + [dict, + code, + enslave, + start, + traffic, + stop]. + +%% =========================================================================== +%% dict/1 +%% +%% Compile example dictionaries in examples/dict. + +dict() -> + [{timetrap, {minutes, 10}}]. + +dict(_Config) -> + Dirs = [filename:join(H ++ ["examples", "dict"]) + || H <- [[code:lib_dir(diameter)], [here(), ".."]]], + [] = [{F,D,RC} || {_,F} <- sort(find_files(Dirs, ".*\\.dia")), + D <- ?DICT0, + RC <- [make(F,D)], + RC /= ok]. + +sort([{_,_} | _] = Files) -> + lists:sort(fun({A,_},{B,_}) -> + sort([filename:rootname(F) || F <- [A,B]]) + end, + Files); + +sort([A,B] = L) -> + [DA,DB] = [dep([D],[]) || D <- L], + case {[A] -- DB, [B] -- DA} of + {[], [_]} -> %% B depends on A + true; + {[_], []} -> %% A depends on B + false; + {[_],[_]} -> %% or not + length(DA) < length(DB) + end. + +%% Recursively accumulate inherited dictionaries. +dep([D|Rest], Acc) -> + dep(dep(D), Rest, Acc); +dep([], Acc) -> + Acc. + +dep([{Dict, _} | T], Rest, Acc) -> + dep(T, [Dict | Rest], [Dict | Acc]); +dep([], Rest, Acc) -> + dep(Rest, Acc). + +make(Path, Dict0) + when is_atom(Dict0) -> + make(Path, atom_to_list(Dict0)); + +make(Path, Dict0) -> + Dict = filename:rootname(filename:basename(Path)), + {Mod, Pre} = make_name(Dict), + {"diameter_gen_base" ++ Suf = Mod0, _} = make_name(Dict0), + Name = Mod ++ Suf, + try + ok = to_erl(Path, [{name, Name}, + {prefix, Pre}, + {inherits, "rfc3588_base/" ++ Mod0} + | [{inherits, D ++ "/" ++ M ++ Suf} + || {D,M} <- dep(Dict)]]), + ok = to_beam(Name) + catch + throw: {_,_} = E -> + E + end. + +to_erl(File, Opts) -> + case diameter_make:codec(File, Opts) of + ok -> + ok; + No -> + throw({make, No}) + end. + +to_beam(Name) -> + case compile:file(Name ++ ".erl", [return]) of + {ok, _, _} -> + ok; + No -> + throw({compile, No}) + end. + +dep(Dict) -> + case lists:keyfind(list_to_atom(Dict), 1, ?INHERITS) of + {_, Is} -> + lists:map(fun inherits/1, Is); + false -> + [] + end. + +inherits(Dict) + when is_atom(Dict) -> + inherits(atom_to_list(Dict)); + +inherits(Dict) -> + {Name, _} = make_name(Dict), + {Dict, Name}. + +make_name(Dict) -> + {R, [$_|N]} = lists:splitwith(fun(C) -> C /= $_ end, Dict), + {string:join(["diameter_gen", N, R], "_"), "diameter_" ++ N}. + +%% =========================================================================== +%% code/1 +%% +%% Compile example code under examples/code. + +code(Config) -> + Node = slave(hd(?NODES), here()), + [] = rpc:call(Node, + ?MODULE, + install, + [proplists:get_value(priv_dir, Config)]). + +%% Compile on another node since the code path may be modified. +install(PrivDir) -> + Top = install(here(), PrivDir), + Src = filename:join([Top, "examples", "code"]), + Files = find_files([Src], ".*\\.erl"), + [] = [{F,E} || {_,F} <- Files, + {error, _, _} = E <- [compile:file(F, [warnings_as_errors, + return_errors])]]. + +%% Copy include files into a temporary directory and adjust the code +%% path in order for example code to be able to include them with +%% include_lib. This is really only required when running in the reop +%% since generated includes, that the example code wants to +%% include_lib, are under src/gen and there's no way to get get the +%% preprocessor to find these otherwise. Generated hrls are only be +%% under include in an installation. ("Installing" them locally is +%% anathema.) +install(Dir, PrivDir) -> + %% Remove the path added by slave/1 (needed for the rpc:call/4 in + %% compile/1 to find ?MODULE) so the call to code:lib_dir/2 below + %% returns the installed path. + [Ebin | _] = code:get_path(), + true = code:del_path(Ebin), + Top = top(Dir, code:lib_dir(diameter)), + + %% Create a new diameter/include in priv_dir. Copy all includes + %% there, from below ../include and ../src/gen if they exist (in + %% the repo). + Tmp = filename:join([PrivDir, "diameter"]), + TmpInc = filename:join([PrivDir, "diameter", "include"]), + TmpEbin = filename:join([PrivDir, "diameter", "ebin"]), + [] = [{T,E} || T <- [Tmp, TmpInc, TmpEbin], + {error, E} <- [file:make_dir(T)]], + + Inc = filename:join([Top, "include"]), + Gen = filename:join([Top, "src", "gen"]), + Files = find_files([Inc, Gen], ".*\\.hrl"), + [] = [{F,E} || {_,F} <- Files, + B <- [filename:basename(F)], + D <- [filename:join([TmpInc, B])], + {error, E} <- [file:copy(F,D)]], + + %% Prepend the created directory just so that code:lib_dir/1 finds + %% it when compile:file/2 tries to resolve include_lib. + true = code:add_patha(TmpEbin), + Tmp = code:lib_dir(diameter), %% assert + %% Return the top directory containing examples/code. + Top. + +find_files(Dirs, RE) -> + lists:foldl(fun(D,A) -> fold_files(D, RE, A) end, + orddict:new(), + Dirs). + +fold_files(Dir, RE, Acc) -> + filelib:fold_files(Dir, RE, false, fun store/2, Acc). + +store(Path, Dict) -> + orddict:store(filename:basename(Path), Path, Dict). + +%% =========================================================================== + +%% enslave/1 +%% +%% Start two nodes: one for the server, one for the client. + +enslave(Config) -> + Dir = here(), + Nodes = [{N, slave(N, Dir)} || N <- tl(?NODES)], + ?util:write_priv(Config, nodes, Nodes). + +slave(Name, Dir) -> + {ok, Node} = ct_slave:start(Name, ?TIMEOUTS), + ok = rpc:call(Node, + code, + add_pathsa, + [[Dir, filename:join([Dir, "..", "ebin"])]]), + Node. + +here() -> + filename:dirname(code:which(?MODULE)). + +top(Dir, LibDir) -> + File = filename:join([Dir, "depend.sed"]), %% only in the repo + case filelib:is_regular(File) of + true -> filename:join([Dir, ".."]); + false -> LibDir + end. + +%% start/1 + +start(server) -> + ok = diameter:start(), + ok = server:start(), + {ok, Ref} = server:listen(tcp), + [_] = ?util:lport(tcp, Ref, 20), + ok; + +start(client) -> + ok = diameter:start(), + true = diameter:subscribe(client), + ok = client:start(), + {ok, Ref} = client:connect(tcp), + receive #diameter_event{info = {up, Ref, _, _, _}} -> ok end; + +start(Config) -> + Nodes = ?util:read_priv(Config, nodes), + [] = [RC || {T,N} <- Nodes, + RC <- [rpc:call(N, ?MODULE, start, [T])], + RC /= ok]. + +%% traffic/1 +%% +%% Send successful messages from client to server. + +traffic(server) -> + ok; + +traffic(client) -> + {_, MRef} = spawn_monitor(fun() -> call(100) end), + receive {'DOWN', MRef, process, _, Reason} -> Reason end; + +traffic(Config) -> + Nodes = ?util:read_priv(Config, nodes), + [] = [RC || {T,N} <- Nodes, + RC <- [rpc:call(N, ?MODULE, traffic, [T])], + RC /= ok]. + +call(0) -> + exit(ok); + +call(N) -> + {ok, _} = client:call(), + call(N-1). + +%% stop/1 + +stop(Name) + when is_atom(Name) -> + {ok, _Node} = ct_slave:stop(Name), + ok; + +stop(_Config) -> + [] = [RC || N <- ?NODES, RC <- [stop(N)], RC /= ok]. diff --git a/lib/diameter/test/modules.mk b/lib/diameter/test/modules.mk index beff588a02..1a829f8031 100644 --- a/lib/diameter/test/modules.mk +++ b/lib/diameter/test/modules.mk @@ -29,11 +29,13 @@ MODULES = \ diameter_capx_SUITE \ diameter_codec_SUITE \ diameter_codec_test \ + diameter_config_SUITE \ diameter_compiler_SUITE \ diameter_dict_SUITE \ diameter_distribution_SUITE \ diameter_dpr_SUITE \ diameter_event_SUITE \ + diameter_examples_SUITE \ diameter_failover_SUITE \ diameter_gen_sctp_SUITE \ diameter_length_SUITE \ |