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+  Server Side Includes (SSI)
+
+NCSA HTTPd allows users to create documents which provide simple information
+to clients on the fly. Such information can include the current date, the
+file's last modification date, and the size or last modification of other
+files. In its more advanced usage, it can provide a powerful interface to
+CGI and /bin/sh programs.
+
+   * SSI Issues
+   * SSI Setup
+   * Converting INC SRV to SSI
+   * The SSI Format
+   * SSI Environment Variables
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SSI Issues
+
+Having the server parse documents is a double edged sword. It can be costly
+for heavily loaded servers to perform parsing of files while sending them.
+Further, it can be considered a security risk to have average users
+executing commands as the server's User. If you disable the exec option,
+this danger is mitigated, but the performance issue remains. You should
+consider these items carefully before activating server-side includes on
+your server.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SSI Setup
+
+First, you should decide which directories you want to allow Includes in.
+Most likely this will not include users' home directories or directories you
+do not trust. You should then decide, of the directories you are allowing
+includes in, which directories are safe enough to use exec in.
+
+For the directories in which you want to fully enable includes, you need to
+use the Options directive to turn on the option Includes. Similarly for the
+directories you want crippled (no exec) includes, you should use the option
+IncludesNOEXEC. In any directory you want to disable includes, use the
+Options directive without either option.
+
+Next, you need to tell the server what filename extension you are using for
+the parsed files. These files, while very similar to HTML, are not HTML and
+are thus not treated the same. Internally, the server uses the magic MIME
+type text/x-server-parsed-html to identify parsed documents. It will then
+perform a format conversion to change these files into HTML for the client.
+To tell the server which extension you want to use for parsed files, use the
+AddType directive. For instance:
+
+AddType text/x-server-parsed-html .shtml
+
+This makes any file ending with .shtml a parsed file. Alternatively, if you
+don't care about the performance hit of having all .html files parsed, you
+could use:
+
+AddType text/x-server-parsed-html .html
+
+This would make the server parse all .html files.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Converting your old INC SRV documents to the SSI Format
+
+You should use the program inc2shtml in the support subdirectory of the
+HTTPd distribution to translate your documents from HTTPd 1.1 and earlier to
+the new format. Usage is simple: inc2shtml file.html > file.shtml.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+The SSI Format
+
+All directives to the server are formatted as SGML comments within the
+document. This is in case the document should ever find itself in the
+client's hands unparsed. Each directive has the following format:
+
+<!--#command tag1="value1" tag2="value2" -->
+
+Each command takes different arguments, most only accept one tag at a time.
+Here is a breakdown of the commands and their associated tags:
+
+   * config
+
+     The config directive controls various aspects of the file parsing.
+     There are two valid tags:
+
+        o errmsg controls what message is sent back to the client if an
+          error includes while parsing the document. When an error occurs,
+          it is logged in the server's error log.
+
+        o timefmt gives the server a new format to use when providing dates.
+          This is a string compatible with the strftime library call under
+          most versions of UNIX.
+
+        o sizefmt determines the formatting to be used when displaying the
+          size of a file. Valid choices are bytes, for a formatted byte
+          count (formatted as 1,234,567), or abbrev for an abbreviated
+          version displaying the number of kilobytes or megabytes the file
+          occupies.
+
+   * include
+
+     include will insert the text of a document into the parsed document.
+     Any included file is subject to the usual access control. This command
+     accepts two tags:
+
+        o virtual gives a virtual path to a document on the server. You must
+          access a normal file this way, you cannot access a CGI script in
+          this fashion. You can, however, access another parsed document.
+
+        o file gives a pathname relative to the current directory. ../
+          cannot be used in this pathname, nor can absolute paths be used.
+          As above, you can send other parsed documents, but you cannot send
+          CGI scripts.
+
+   * echo prints the value of one of the include variables (defined below).
+     Any dates are printed subject to the currently configured timefmt. The
+     only valid tag to this command is var, whose value is the name of the
+     variable you wish to echo.
+
+   * fsize prints the size of the specified file. Valid tags are the same as
+     with the include command. The resulting format of this command is
+     subject to the sizefmt parameter to the config command.
+
+   * flastmod prints the last modification date of the specified file,
+     subject to the formatting preference given by the timefmt parameter to
+     config. Valid tags are the same as with the include command.
+
+   * exec executes a given shell command or CGI script. It must be activated
+     to be used. Valid tags are:
+
+        o cmd will execute the given string using /bin/sh. All of the
+          variables defined below are defined, and can be used in the
+          command.
+
+        o cgi will execute the given virtual path to a CGI script and
+          include its output. The server does not perform error checking to
+          make sure your script didn't output horrible things like a GIF, so
+          be careful. It will, however, interpret any URL Location: header
+          and translate it into an HTML anchor.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SSI Environment Variables
+
+A number of variables are made available to parsed documents. In addition to
+the CGI variable set, the following variables are made available:
+
+   * DOCUMENT_NAME: The current filename.
+
+   * DOCUMENT_URI: The virtual path to this document (such as
+     /docs/tutorials/foo.shtml).
+
+   * QUERY_STRING_UNESCAPED: The unescaped version of any search query the
+     client sent, with all shell-special characters escaped with \.
+
+   * DATE_LOCAL: The current date, local time zone. Subject to the timefmt
+     parameter to the config command.
+
+   * DATE_GMT: Same as DATE_LOCAL but in Greenwich mean time.
+
+   * LAST_MODIFIED: The last modification date of the current document.
+     Subject to timefmt like the others.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [Back]   Return to tutorial index
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+NCSA HTTPd Development Team / [email protected] / 9-28-95