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diff --git a/lib/megaco/doc/standard/rfc4566.txt b/lib/megaco/doc/standard/rfc4566.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..776e62200b --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/megaco/doc/standard/rfc4566.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2747 @@ + + + + + + +Network Working Group M. Handley +Request for Comments: 4566 UCL +Obsoletes: 2327, 3266 V. Jacobson +Category: Standards Track Packet Design + C. Perkins + University of Glasgow + July 2006 + + + SDP: Session Description Protocol + +Status of This Memo + + This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the + Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for + improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet + Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state + and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. + +Copyright Notice + + Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). + +Abstract + + This memo defines the Session Description Protocol (SDP). SDP is + intended for describing multimedia sessions for the purposes of + session announcement, session invitation, and other forms of + multimedia session initiation. + +Table of Contents + + 1. Introduction ....................................................3 + 2. Glossary of Terms ...............................................3 + 3. Examples of SDP Usage ...........................................4 + 3.1. Session Initiation .........................................4 + 3.2. Streaming Media ............................................4 + 3.3. Email and the World Wide Web ...............................4 + 3.4. Multicast Session Announcement .............................4 + 4. Requirements and Recommendations ................................5 + 4.1. Media and Transport Information ............................6 + 4.2. Timing Information .........................................6 + 4.3. Private Sessions ...........................................7 + 4.4. Obtaining Further Information about a Session ..............7 + 4.5. Categorisation .............................................7 + 4.6. Internationalisation .......................................7 + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + 5. SDP Specification ...............................................7 + 5.1. Protocol Version ("v=") ...................................10 + 5.2. Origin ("o=") .............................................11 + 5.3. Session Name ("s=") .......................................12 + 5.4. Session Information ("i=") ................................12 + 5.5. URI ("u=") ................................................13 + 5.6. Email Address and Phone Number ("e=" and "p=") ............13 + 5.7. Connection Data ("c=") ....................................14 + 5.8. Bandwidth ("b=") ..........................................16 + 5.9. Timing ("t=") .............................................17 + 5.10. Repeat Times ("r=") ......................................18 + 5.11. Time Zones ("z=") ........................................19 + 5.12. Encryption Keys ("k=") ...................................19 + 5.13. Attributes ("a=") ........................................21 + 5.14. Media Descriptions ("m=") ................................22 + 6. SDP Attributes .................................................24 + 7. Security Considerations ........................................31 + 8. IANA Considerations ............................................33 + 8.1. The "application/sdp" Media Type ..........................33 + 8.2. Registration of Parameters ................................34 + 8.2.1. Media Types ("media") ..............................34 + 8.2.2. Transport Protocols ("proto") ......................34 + 8.2.3. Media Formats ("fmt") ..............................35 + 8.2.4. Attribute Names ("att-field") ......................36 + 8.2.5. Bandwidth Specifiers ("bwtype") ....................37 + 8.2.6. Network Types ("nettype") ..........................37 + 8.2.7. Address Types ("addrtype") .........................38 + 8.2.8. Registration Procedure .............................38 + 8.3. Encryption Key Access Methods .............................39 + 9. SDP Grammar ....................................................39 + 10. Summary of Changes from RFC 2327 ..............................44 + 11. Acknowledgements ..............................................45 + 12. References ....................................................45 + 12.1. Normative References .....................................45 + 12.2. Informative References ...................................46 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 2] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + +1. Introduction + + When initiating multimedia teleconferences, voice-over-IP calls, + streaming video, or other sessions, there is a requirement to convey + media details, transport addresses, and other session description + metadata to the participants. + + SDP provides a standard representation for such information, + irrespective of how that information is transported. SDP is purely a + format for session description -- it does not incorporate a transport + protocol, and it is intended to use different transport protocols as + appropriate, including the Session Announcement Protocol [14], + Session Initiation Protocol [15], Real Time Streaming Protocol [16], + electronic mail using the MIME extensions, and the Hypertext + Transport Protocol. + + SDP is intended to be general purpose so that it can be used in a + wide range of network environments and applications. However, it is + not intended to support negotiation of session content or media + encodings: this is viewed as outside the scope of session + description. + + This memo obsoletes RFC 2327 [6] and RFC 3266 [10]. Section 10 + outlines the changes introduced in this memo. + +2. Glossary of Terms + + The following terms are used in this document and have specific + meaning within the context of this document. + + Conference: A multimedia conference is a set of two or more + communicating users along with the software they are using to + communicate. + + Session: A multimedia session is a set of multimedia senders and + receivers and the data streams flowing from senders to receivers. + A multimedia conference is an example of a multimedia session. + + Session Description: A well-defined format for conveying sufficient + information to discover and participate in a multimedia session. + + The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", + "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this + document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [3]. + + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 3] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + +3. Examples of SDP Usage + +3.1. Session Initiation + + The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [15] is an application-layer + control protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating sessions + such as Internet multimedia conferences, Internet telephone calls, + and multimedia distribution. The SIP messages used to create + sessions carry session descriptions that allow participants to agree + on a set of compatible media types. These session descriptions are + commonly formatted using SDP. When used with SIP, the offer/answer + model [17] provides a limited framework for negotiation using SDP. + +3.2. Streaming Media + + The Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) [16], is an application-level + protocol for control over the delivery of data with real-time + properties. RTSP provides an extensible framework to enable + controlled, on-demand delivery of real-time data, such as audio and + video. An RTSP client and server negotiate an appropriate set of + parameters for media delivery, partially using SDP syntax to describe + those parameters. + +3.3. Email and the World Wide Web + + Alternative means of conveying session descriptions include + electronic mail and the World Wide Web (WWW). For both email and WWW + distribution, the media type "application/sdp" is used. This enables + the automatic launching of applications for participation in the + session from the WWW client or mail reader in a standard manner. + + Note that announcements of multicast sessions made only via email or + the WWW do not have the property that the receiver of a session + announcement can necessarily receive the session because the + multicast sessions may be restricted in scope, and access to the WWW + server or reception of email is possible outside this scope. + +3.4. Multicast Session Announcement + + In order to assist the advertisement of multicast multimedia + conferences and other multicast sessions, and to communicate the + relevant session setup information to prospective participants, a + distributed session directory may be used. An instance of such a + session directory periodically sends packets containing a description + of the session to a well-known multicast group. These advertisements + are received by other session directories such that potential remote + participants can use the session description to start the tools + required to participate in the session. + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 4] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + One protocol used to implement such a distributed directory is the + Session Announcement Protocol (SAP) [14]. SDP provides the + recommended session description format for such session + announcements. + +4. Requirements and Recommendations + + The purpose of SDP is to convey information about media streams in + multimedia sessions to allow the recipients of a session description + to participate in the session. SDP is primarily intended for use in + an internetwork, although it is sufficiently general that it can + describe conferences in other network environments. Media streams + can be many-to-many. Sessions need not be continually active. + + Thus far, multicast-based sessions on the Internet have differed from + many other forms of conferencing in that anyone receiving the traffic + can join the session (unless the session traffic is encrypted). In + such an environment, SDP serves two primary purposes. It is a means + to communicate the existence of a session, and it is a means to + convey sufficient information to enable joining and participating in + the session. In a unicast environment, only the latter purpose is + likely to be relevant. + + An SDP session description includes the following: + + o Session name and purpose + + o Time(s) the session is active + + o The media comprising the session + + o Information needed to receive those media (addresses, ports, + formats, etc.) + + As resources necessary to participate in a session may be limited, + some additional information may also be desirable: + + o Information about the bandwidth to be used by the session + + o Contact information for the person responsible for the session + + In general, SDP must convey sufficient information to enable + applications to join a session (with the possible exception of + encryption keys) and to announce the resources to be used to any + non-participants that may need to know. (This latter feature is + primarily useful when SDP is used with a multicast session + announcement protocol.) + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 5] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + +4.1. Media and Transport Information + + An SDP session description includes the following media information: + + o The type of media (video, audio, etc.) + + o The transport protocol (RTP/UDP/IP, H.320, etc.) + + o The format of the media (H.261 video, MPEG video, etc.) + + In addition to media format and transport protocol, SDP conveys + address and port details. For an IP multicast session, these + comprise: + + o The multicast group address for media + + o The transport port for media + + This address and port are the destination address and destination + port of the multicast stream, whether being sent, received, or both. + + For unicast IP sessions, the following are conveyed: + + o The remote address for media + + o The remote transport port for media + + The semantics of this address and port depend on the media and + transport protocol defined. By default, this SHOULD be the remote + address and remote port to which data is sent. Some media types may + redefine this behaviour, but this is NOT RECOMMENDED since it + complicates implementations (including middleboxes that must parse + the addresses to open Network Address Translation (NAT) or firewall + pinholes). + +4.2. Timing Information + + Sessions may be either bounded or unbounded in time. Whether or not + they are bounded, they may be only active at specific times. SDP can + convey: + + o An arbitrary list of start and stop times bounding the session + + o For each bound, repeat times such as "every Wednesday at 10am for + one hour" + + This timing information is globally consistent, irrespective of local + time zone or daylight saving time (see Section 5.9). + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 6] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + +4.3. Private Sessions + + It is possible to create both public sessions and private sessions. + SDP itself does not distinguish between these; private sessions are + typically conveyed by encrypting the session description during + distribution. The details of how encryption is performed are + dependent on the mechanism used to convey SDP; mechanisms are + currently defined for SDP transported using SAP [14] and SIP [15], + and others may be defined in the future. + + If a session announcement is private, it is possible to use that + private announcement to convey encryption keys necessary to decode + each of the media in a conference, including enough information to + know which encryption scheme is used for each media. + +4.4. Obtaining Further Information about a Session + + A session description should convey enough information to decide + whether or not to participate in a session. SDP may include + additional pointers in the form of Uniform Resource Identifiers + (URIs) for more information about the session. + +4.5. Categorisation + + When many session descriptions are being distributed by SAP, or any + other advertisement mechanism, it may be desirable to filter session + announcements that are of interest from those that are not. SDP + supports a categorisation mechanism for sessions that is capable of + being automated (the "a=cat:" attribute; see Section 6). + +4.6. Internationalisation + + The SDP specification recommends the use of the ISO 10646 character + sets in the UTF-8 encoding [5] to allow many different languages to + be represented. However, to assist in compact representations, SDP + also allows other character sets such as ISO 8859-1 to be used when + desired. Internationalisation only applies to free-text fields + (session name and background information), and not to SDP as a whole. + +5. SDP Specification + + An SDP session description is denoted by the media type + "application/sdp" (See Section 8). + + An SDP session description is entirely textual using the ISO 10646 + character set in UTF-8 encoding. SDP field names and attribute names + use only the US-ASCII subset of UTF-8, but textual fields and + attribute values MAY use the full ISO 10646 character set. Field and + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 7] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + attribute values that use the full UTF-8 character set are never + directly compared, hence there is no requirement for UTF-8 + normalisation. The textual form, as opposed to a binary encoding + such as ASN.1 or XDR, was chosen to enhance portability, to enable a + variety of transports to be used, and to allow flexible, text-based + toolkits to be used to generate and process session descriptions. + However, since SDP may be used in environments where the maximum + permissible size of a session description is limited, the encoding is + deliberately compact. Also, since announcements may be transported + via very unreliable means or damaged by an intermediate caching + server, the encoding was designed with strict order and formatting + rules so that most errors would result in malformed session + announcements that could be detected easily and discarded. This also + allows rapid discarding of encrypted session announcements for which + a receiver does not have the correct key. + + An SDP session description consists of a number of lines of text of + the form: + + <type>=<value> + + where <type> MUST be exactly one case-significant character and + <value> is structured text whose format depends on <type>. In + general, <value> is either a number of fields delimited by a single + space character or a free format string, and is case-significant + unless a specific field defines otherwise. Whitespace MUST NOT be + used on either side of the "=" sign. + + An SDP session description consists of a session-level section + followed by zero or more media-level sections. The session-level + part starts with a "v=" line and continues to the first media-level + section. Each media-level section starts with an "m=" line and + continues to the next media-level section or end of the whole session + description. In general, session-level values are the default for + all media unless overridden by an equivalent media-level value. + + Some lines in each description are REQUIRED and some are OPTIONAL, + but all MUST appear in exactly the order given here (the fixed order + greatly enhances error detection and allows for a simple parser). + OPTIONAL items are marked with a "*". + + + + + + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 8] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + Session description + v= (protocol version) + o= (originator and session identifier) + s= (session name) + i=* (session information) + u=* (URI of description) + e=* (email address) + p=* (phone number) + c=* (connection information -- not required if included in + all media) + b=* (zero or more bandwidth information lines) + One or more time descriptions ("t=" and "r=" lines; see below) + z=* (time zone adjustments) + k=* (encryption key) + a=* (zero or more session attribute lines) + Zero or more media descriptions + + Time description + t= (time the session is active) + r=* (zero or more repeat times) + + Media description, if present + m= (media name and transport address) + i=* (media title) + c=* (connection information -- optional if included at + session level) + b=* (zero or more bandwidth information lines) + k=* (encryption key) + a=* (zero or more media attribute lines) + + The set of type letters is deliberately small and not intended to be + extensible -- an SDP parser MUST completely ignore any session + description that contains a type letter that it does not understand. + The attribute mechanism ("a=" described below) is the primary means + for extending SDP and tailoring it to particular applications or + media. Some attributes (the ones listed in Section 6 of this memo) + have a defined meaning, but others may be added on an application-, + media-, or session-specific basis. An SDP parser MUST ignore any + attribute it doesn't understand. + + An SDP session description may contain URIs that reference external + content in the "u=", "k=", and "a=" lines. These URIs may be + dereferenced in some cases, making the session description non-self- + contained. + + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 9] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + The connection ("c=") and attribute ("a=") information in the + session-level section applies to all the media of that session unless + overridden by connection information or an attribute of the same name + in the media description. For instance, in the example below, each + media behaves as if it were given a "recvonly" attribute. + + An example SDP description is: + + v=0 + o=jdoe 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 10.47.16.5 + s=SDP Seminar + i=A Seminar on the session description protocol + u=http://www.example.com/seminars/sdp.pdf + [email protected] (Jane Doe) + c=IN IP4 224.2.17.12/127 + t=2873397496 2873404696 + a=recvonly + m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 0 + m=video 51372 RTP/AVP 99 + a=rtpmap:99 h263-1998/90000 + + Text fields such as the session name and information are octet + strings that may contain any octet with the exceptions of 0x00 (Nul), + 0x0a (ASCII newline), and 0x0d (ASCII carriage return). The sequence + CRLF (0x0d0a) is used to end a record, although parsers SHOULD be + tolerant and also accept records terminated with a single newline + character. If the "a=charset" attribute is not present, these octet + strings MUST be interpreted as containing ISO-10646 characters in + UTF-8 encoding (the presence of the "a=charset" attribute may force + some fields to be interpreted differently). + + A session description can contain domain names in the "o=", "u=", + "e=", "c=", and "a=" lines. Any domain name used in SDP MUST comply + with [1], [2]. Internationalised domain names (IDNs) MUST be + represented using the ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) form defined in + [11] and MUST NOT be directly represented in UTF-8 or any other + encoding (this requirement is for compatibility with RFC 2327 and + other SDP-related standards, which predate the development of + internationalised domain names). + +5.1. Protocol Version ("v=") + + v=0 + + The "v=" field gives the version of the Session Description Protocol. + This memo defines version 0. There is no minor version number. + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 10] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + +5.2. Origin ("o=") + + o=<username> <sess-id> <sess-version> <nettype> <addrtype> + <unicast-address> + + The "o=" field gives the originator of the session (her username and + the address of the user's host) plus a session identifier and version + number: + + <username> is the user's login on the originating host, or it is "-" + if the originating host does not support the concept of user IDs. + The <username> MUST NOT contain spaces. + + <sess-id> is a numeric string such that the tuple of <username>, + <sess-id>, <nettype>, <addrtype>, and <unicast-address> forms a + globally unique identifier for the session. The method of + <sess-id> allocation is up to the creating tool, but it has been + suggested that a Network Time Protocol (NTP) format timestamp be + used to ensure uniqueness [13]. + + <sess-version> is a version number for this session description. Its + usage is up to the creating tool, so long as <sess-version> is + increased when a modification is made to the session data. Again, + it is RECOMMENDED that an NTP format timestamp is used. + + <nettype> is a text string giving the type of network. Initially + "IN" is defined to have the meaning "Internet", but other values + MAY be registered in the future (see Section 8). + + <addrtype> is a text string giving the type of the address that + follows. Initially "IP4" and "IP6" are defined, but other values + MAY be registered in the future (see Section 8). + + <unicast-address> is the address of the machine from which the + session was created. For an address type of IP4, this is either + the fully qualified domain name of the machine or the dotted- + decimal representation of the IP version 4 address of the machine. + For an address type of IP6, this is either the fully qualified + domain name of the machine or the compressed textual + representation of the IP version 6 address of the machine. For + both IP4 and IP6, the fully qualified domain name is the form that + SHOULD be given unless this is unavailable, in which case the + globally unique address MAY be substituted. A local IP address + MUST NOT be used in any context where the SDP description might + leave the scope in which the address is meaningful (for example, a + local address MUST NOT be included in an application-level + referral that might leave the scope). + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 11] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + In general, the "o=" field serves as a globally unique identifier for + this version of this session description, and the subfields excepting + the version taken together identify the session irrespective of any + modifications. + + For privacy reasons, it is sometimes desirable to obfuscate the + username and IP address of the session originator. If this is a + concern, an arbitrary <username> and private <unicast-address> MAY be + chosen to populate the "o=" field, provided that these are selected + in a manner that does not affect the global uniqueness of the field. + +5.3. Session Name ("s=") + + s=<session name> + + The "s=" field is the textual session name. There MUST be one and + only one "s=" field per session description. The "s=" field MUST NOT + be empty and SHOULD contain ISO 10646 characters (but see also the + "a=charset" attribute). If a session has no meaningful name, the + value "s= " SHOULD be used (i.e., a single space as the session + name). + +5.4. Session Information ("i=") + + i=<session description> + + The "i=" field provides textual information about the session. There + MUST be at most one session-level "i=" field per session description, + and at most one "i=" field per media. If the "a=charset" attribute + is present, it specifies the character set used in the "i=" field. + If the "a=charset" attribute is not present, the "i=" field MUST + contain ISO 10646 characters in UTF-8 encoding. + + A single "i=" field MAY also be used for each media definition. In + media definitions, "i=" fields are primarily intended for labelling + media streams. As such, they are most likely to be useful when a + single session has more than one distinct media stream of the same + media type. An example would be two different whiteboards, one for + slides and one for feedback and questions. + + The "i=" field is intended to provide a free-form human-readable + description of the session or the purpose of a media stream. It is + not suitable for parsing by automata. + + + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 12] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + +5.5. URI ("u=") + + u=<uri> + + A URI is a Uniform Resource Identifier as used by WWW clients [7]. + The URI should be a pointer to additional information about the + session. This field is OPTIONAL, but if it is present it MUST be + specified before the first media field. No more than one URI field + is allowed per session description. + +5.6. Email Address and Phone Number ("e=" and "p=") + + e=<email-address> + p=<phone-number> + + The "e=" and "p=" lines specify contact information for the person + responsible for the conference. This is not necessarily the same + person that created the conference announcement. + + Inclusion of an email address or phone number is OPTIONAL. Note that + the previous version of SDP specified that either an email field or a + phone field MUST be specified, but this was widely ignored. The + change brings the specification into line with common usage. + + If an email address or phone number is present, it MUST be specified + before the first media field. More than one email or phone field can + be given for a session description. + + Phone numbers SHOULD be given in the form of an international public + telecommunication number (see ITU-T Recommendation E.164) preceded by + a "+". Spaces and hyphens may be used to split up a phone field to + aid readability if desired. For example: + + p=+1 617 555-6011 + + Both email addresses and phone numbers can have an OPTIONAL free text + string associated with them, normally giving the name of the person + who may be contacted. This MUST be enclosed in parentheses if it is + present. For example: + + [email protected] (Jane Doe) + + The alternative RFC 2822 [29] name quoting convention is also allowed + for both email addresses and phone numbers. For example: + + e=Jane Doe <[email protected]> + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 13] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + The free text string SHOULD be in the ISO-10646 character set with + UTF-8 encoding, or alternatively in ISO-8859-1 or other encodings if + the appropriate session-level "a=charset" attribute is set. + +5.7. Connection Data ("c=") + + c=<nettype> <addrtype> <connection-address> + + The "c=" field contains connection data. + + A session description MUST contain either at least one "c=" field in + each media description or a single "c=" field at the session level. + It MAY contain a single session-level "c=" field and additional "c=" + field(s) per media description, in which case the per-media values + override the session-level settings for the respective media. + + The first sub-field ("<nettype>") is the network type, which is a + text string giving the type of network. Initially, "IN" is defined + to have the meaning "Internet", but other values MAY be registered in + the future (see Section 8). + + The second sub-field ("<addrtype>") is the address type. This allows + SDP to be used for sessions that are not IP based. This memo only + defines IP4 and IP6, but other values MAY be registered in the future + (see Section 8). + + The third sub-field ("<connection-address>") is the connection + address. OPTIONAL sub-fields MAY be added after the connection + address depending on the value of the <addrtype> field. + + When the <addrtype> is IP4 and IP6, the connection address is defined + as follows: + + o If the session is multicast, the connection address will be an IP + multicast group address. If the session is not multicast, then + the connection address contains the unicast IP address of the + expected data source or data relay or data sink as determined by + additional attribute fields. It is not expected that unicast + addresses will be given in a session description that is + communicated by a multicast announcement, though this is not + prohibited. + + o Sessions using an IPv4 multicast connection address MUST also have + a time to live (TTL) value present in addition to the multicast + address. The TTL and the address together define the scope with + which multicast packets sent in this conference will be sent. TTL + values MUST be in the range 0-255. Although the TTL MUST be + specified, its use to scope multicast traffic is deprecated; + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 14] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + applications SHOULD use an administratively scoped address + instead. + + The TTL for the session is appended to the address using a slash as a + separator. An example is: + + c=IN IP4 224.2.36.42/127 + + IPv6 multicast does not use TTL scoping, and hence the TTL value MUST + NOT be present for IPv6 multicast. It is expected that IPv6 scoped + addresses will be used to limit the scope of conferences. + + Hierarchical or layered encoding schemes are data streams where the + encoding from a single media source is split into a number of layers. + The receiver can choose the desired quality (and hence bandwidth) by + only subscribing to a subset of these layers. Such layered encodings + are normally transmitted in multiple multicast groups to allow + multicast pruning. This technique keeps unwanted traffic from sites + only requiring certain levels of the hierarchy. For applications + requiring multiple multicast groups, we allow the following notation + to be used for the connection address: + + <base multicast address>[/<ttl>]/<number of addresses> + + If the number of addresses is not given, it is assumed to be one. + Multicast addresses so assigned are contiguously allocated above the + base address, so that, for example: + + c=IN IP4 224.2.1.1/127/3 + + would state that addresses 224.2.1.1, 224.2.1.2, and 224.2.1.3 are to + be used at a TTL of 127. This is semantically identical to including + multiple "c=" lines in a media description: + + c=IN IP4 224.2.1.1/127 + c=IN IP4 224.2.1.2/127 + c=IN IP4 224.2.1.3/127 + + Similarly, an IPv6 example would be: + + c=IN IP6 FF15::101/3 + + which is semantically equivalent to: + + c=IN IP6 FF15::101 + c=IN IP6 FF15::102 + c=IN IP6 FF15::103 + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 15] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + (remembering that the TTL field is not present in IPv6 multicast). + + Multiple addresses or "c=" lines MAY be specified on a per-media + basis only if they provide multicast addresses for different layers + in a hierarchical or layered encoding scheme. They MUST NOT be + specified for a session-level "c=" field. + + The slash notation for multiple addresses described above MUST NOT be + used for IP unicast addresses. + +5.8. Bandwidth ("b=") + + b=<bwtype>:<bandwidth> + + This OPTIONAL field denotes the proposed bandwidth to be used by the + session or media. The <bwtype> is an alphanumeric modifier giving + the meaning of the <bandwidth> figure. Two values are defined in + this specification, but other values MAY be registered in the future + (see Section 8 and [21], [25]): + + CT If the bandwidth of a session or media in a session is different + from the bandwidth implicit from the scope, a "b=CT:..." line + SHOULD be supplied for the session giving the proposed upper limit + to the bandwidth used (the "conference total" bandwidth). The + primary purpose of this is to give an approximate idea as to + whether two or more sessions can coexist simultaneously. When + using the CT modifier with RTP, if several RTP sessions are part + of the conference, the conference total refers to total bandwidth + of all RTP sessions. + + AS The bandwidth is interpreted to be application specific (it will + be the application's concept of maximum bandwidth). Normally, + this will coincide with what is set on the application's "maximum + bandwidth" control if applicable. For RTP-based applications, AS + gives the RTP "session bandwidth" as defined in Section 6.2 of + [19]. + + Note that CT gives a total bandwidth figure for all the media at all + sites. AS gives a bandwidth figure for a single media at a single + site, although there may be many sites sending simultaneously. + + A prefix "X-" is defined for <bwtype> names. This is intended for + experimental purposes only. For example: + + b=X-YZ:128 + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 16] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + Use of the "X-" prefix is NOT RECOMMENDED: instead new modifiers + SHOULD be registered with IANA in the standard namespace. SDP + parsers MUST ignore bandwidth fields with unknown modifiers. + Modifiers MUST be alphanumeric and, although no length limit is + given, it is recommended that they be short. + + The <bandwidth> is interpreted as kilobits per second by default. + The definition of a new <bwtype> modifier MAY specify that the + bandwidth is to be interpreted in some alternative unit (the "CT" and + "AS" modifiers defined in this memo use the default units). + +5.9. Timing ("t=") + + t=<start-time> <stop-time> + + The "t=" lines specify the start and stop times for a session. + Multiple "t=" lines MAY be used if a session is active at multiple + irregularly spaced times; each additional "t=" line specifies an + additional period of time for which the session will be active. If + the session is active at regular times, an "r=" line (see below) + should be used in addition to, and following, a "t=" line -- in which + case the "t=" line specifies the start and stop times of the repeat + sequence. + + The first and second sub-fields give the start and stop times, + respectively, for the session. These values are the decimal + representation of Network Time Protocol (NTP) time values in seconds + since 1900 [13]. To convert these values to UNIX time, subtract + decimal 2208988800. + + NTP timestamps are elsewhere represented by 64-bit values, which wrap + sometime in the year 2036. Since SDP uses an arbitrary length + decimal representation, this should not cause an issue (SDP + timestamps MUST continue counting seconds since 1900, NTP will use + the value modulo the 64-bit limit). + + If the <stop-time> is set to zero, then the session is not bounded, + though it will not become active until after the <start-time>. If + the <start-time> is also zero, the session is regarded as permanent. + + User interfaces SHOULD strongly discourage the creation of unbounded + and permanent sessions as they give no information about when the + session is actually going to terminate, and so make scheduling + difficult. + + The general assumption may be made, when displaying unbounded + sessions that have not timed out to the user, that an unbounded + session will only be active until half an hour from the current time + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 17] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + or the session start time, whichever is the later. If behaviour + other than this is required, an end-time SHOULD be given and modified + as appropriate when new information becomes available about when the + session should really end. + + Permanent sessions may be shown to the user as never being active + unless there are associated repeat times that state precisely when + the session will be active. + +5.10. Repeat Times ("r=") + + r=<repeat interval> <active duration> <offsets from start-time> + + "r=" fields specify repeat times for a session. For example, if a + session is active at 10am on Monday and 11am on Tuesday for one hour + each week for three months, then the <start-time> in the + corresponding "t=" field would be the NTP representation of 10am on + the first Monday, the <repeat interval> would be 1 week, the <active + duration> would be 1 hour, and the offsets would be zero and 25 + hours. The corresponding "t=" field stop time would be the NTP + representation of the end of the last session three months later. By + default, all fields are in seconds, so the "r=" and "t=" fields might + be the following: + + t=3034423619 3042462419 + r=604800 3600 0 90000 + + To make description more compact, times may also be given in units of + days, hours, or minutes. The syntax for these is a number + immediately followed by a single case-sensitive character. + Fractional units are not allowed -- a smaller unit should be used + instead. The following unit specification characters are allowed: + + d - days (86400 seconds) + h - hours (3600 seconds) + m - minutes (60 seconds) + s - seconds (allowed for completeness) + + Thus, the above session announcement could also have been written: + + r=7d 1h 0 25h + + Monthly and yearly repeats cannot be directly specified with a single + SDP repeat time; instead, separate "t=" fields should be used to + explicitly list the session times. + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 18] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + +5.11. Time Zones ("z=") + + z=<adjustment time> <offset> <adjustment time> <offset> .... + + To schedule a repeated session that spans a change from daylight + saving time to standard time or vice versa, it is necessary to + specify offsets from the base time. This is required because + different time zones change time at different times of day, different + countries change to or from daylight saving time on different dates, + and some countries do not have daylight saving time at all. + + Thus, in order to schedule a session that is at the same time winter + and summer, it must be possible to specify unambiguously by whose + time zone a session is scheduled. To simplify this task for + receivers, we allow the sender to specify the NTP time that a time + zone adjustment happens and the offset from the time when the session + was first scheduled. The "z=" field allows the sender to specify a + list of these adjustment times and offsets from the base time. + + An example might be the following: + + z=2882844526 -1h 2898848070 0 + + This specifies that at time 2882844526, the time base by which the + session's repeat times are calculated is shifted back by 1 hour, and + that at time 2898848070, the session's original time base is + restored. Adjustments are always relative to the specified start + time -- they are not cumulative. Adjustments apply to all "t=" and + "r=" lines in a session description. + + If a session is likely to last several years, it is expected that the + session announcement will be modified periodically rather than + transmit several years' worth of adjustments in one session + announcement. + +5.12. Encryption Keys ("k=") + + k=<method> + k=<method>:<encryption key> + + If transported over a secure and trusted channel, the Session + Description Protocol MAY be used to convey encryption keys. A simple + mechanism for key exchange is provided by the key field ("k="), + although this is primarily supported for compatibility with older + implementations and its use is NOT RECOMMENDED. Work is in progress + to define new key exchange mechanisms for use with SDP [27] [28], and + it is expected that new applications will use those mechanisms. + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 19] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + A key field is permitted before the first media entry (in which case + it applies to all media in the session), or for each media entry as + required. The format of keys and their usage are outside the scope + of this document, and the key field provides no way to indicate the + encryption algorithm to be used, key type, or other information about + the key: this is assumed to be provided by the higher-level protocol + using SDP. If there is a need to convey this information within SDP, + the extensions mentioned previously SHOULD be used. Many security + protocols require two keys: one for confidentiality, another for + integrity. This specification does not support transfer of two keys. + + The method indicates the mechanism to be used to obtain a usable key + by external means, or from the encoded encryption key given. The + following methods are defined: + + k=clear:<encryption key> + + The encryption key is included untransformed in this key field. + This method MUST NOT be used unless it can be guaranteed that + the SDP is conveyed over a secure channel. The encryption key + is interpreted as text according to the charset attribute; use + the "k=base64:" method to convey characters that are otherwise + prohibited in SDP. + + k=base64:<encoded encryption key> + + The encryption key is included in this key field but has been + base64 encoded [12] because it includes characters that are + prohibited in SDP. This method MUST NOT be used unless it can + be guaranteed that the SDP is conveyed over a secure channel. + + k=uri:<URI to obtain key> + + A Uniform Resource Identifier is included in the key field. + The URI refers to the data containing the key, and may require + additional authentication before the key can be returned. When + a request is made to the given URI, the reply should specify + the encoding for the key. The URI is often an Secure Socket + Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS)-protected HTTP URI + ("https:"), although this is not required. + + k=prompt + + No key is included in this SDP description, but the session or + media stream referred to by this key field is encrypted. The + user should be prompted for the key when attempting to join the + session, and this user-supplied key should then be used to + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 20] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + decrypt the media streams. The use of user-specified keys is + NOT RECOMMENDED, since such keys tend to have weak security + properties. + + The key field MUST NOT be used unless it can be guaranteed that the + SDP is conveyed over a secure and trusted channel. An example of + such a channel might be SDP embedded inside an S/MIME message or a + TLS-protected HTTP session. It is important to ensure that the + secure channel is with the party that is authorised to join the + session, not an intermediary: if a caching proxy server is used, it + is important to ensure that the proxy is either trusted or unable to + access the SDP. + +5.13. Attributes ("a=") + + a=<attribute> + a=<attribute>:<value> + + Attributes are the primary means for extending SDP. Attributes may + be defined to be used as "session-level" attributes, "media-level" + attributes, or both. + + A media description may have any number of attributes ("a=" fields) + that are media specific. These are referred to as "media-level" + attributes and add information about the media stream. Attribute + fields can also be added before the first media field; these + "session-level" attributes convey additional information that applies + to the conference as a whole rather than to individual media. + + Attribute fields may be of two forms: + + o A property attribute is simply of the form "a=<flag>". These are + binary attributes, and the presence of the attribute conveys that + the attribute is a property of the session. An example might be + "a=recvonly". + + o A value attribute is of the form "a=<attribute>:<value>". For + example, a whiteboard could have the value attribute "a=orient: + landscape" + + Attribute interpretation depends on the media tool being invoked. + Thus receivers of session descriptions should be configurable in + their interpretation of session descriptions in general and of + attributes in particular. + + Attribute names MUST use the US-ASCII subset of ISO-10646/UTF-8. + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 21] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + Attribute values are octet strings, and MAY use any octet value + except 0x00 (Nul), 0x0A (LF), and 0x0D (CR). By default, attribute + values are to be interpreted as in ISO-10646 character set with UTF-8 + encoding. Unlike other text fields, attribute values are NOT + normally affected by the "charset" attribute as this would make + comparisons against known values problematic. However, when an + attribute is defined, it can be defined to be charset dependent, in + which case its value should be interpreted in the session charset + rather than in ISO-10646. + + Attributes MUST be registered with IANA (see Section 8). If an + attribute is received that is not understood, it MUST be ignored by + the receiver. + +5.14. Media Descriptions ("m=") + + m=<media> <port> <proto> <fmt> ... + + A session description may contain a number of media descriptions. + Each media description starts with an "m=" field and is terminated by + either the next "m=" field or by the end of the session description. + A media field has several sub-fields: + + <media> is the media type. Currently defined media are "audio", + "video", "text", "application", and "message", although this list + may be extended in the future (see Section 8). + + <port> is the transport port to which the media stream is sent. The + meaning of the transport port depends on the network being used as + specified in the relevant "c=" field, and on the transport + protocol defined in the <proto> sub-field of the media field. + Other ports used by the media application (such as the RTP Control + Protocol (RTCP) port [19]) MAY be derived algorithmically from the + base media port or MAY be specified in a separate attribute (for + example, "a=rtcp:" as defined in [22]). + + If non-contiguous ports are used or if they don't follow the + parity rule of even RTP ports and odd RTCP ports, the "a=rtcp:" + attribute MUST be used. Applications that are requested to send + media to a <port> that is odd and where the "a=rtcp:" is present + MUST NOT subtract 1 from the RTP port: that is, they MUST send the + RTP to the port indicated in <port> and send the RTCP to the port + indicated in the "a=rtcp" attribute. + + For applications where hierarchically encoded streams are being + sent to a unicast address, it may be necessary to specify multiple + transport ports. This is done using a similar notation to that + used for IP multicast addresses in the "c=" field: + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 22] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + m=<media> <port>/<number of ports> <proto> <fmt> ... + + In such a case, the ports used depend on the transport protocol. + For RTP, the default is that only the even-numbered ports are used + for data with the corresponding one-higher odd ports used for the + RTCP belonging to the RTP session, and the <number of ports> + denoting the number of RTP sessions. For example: + + m=video 49170/2 RTP/AVP 31 + + would specify that ports 49170 and 49171 form one RTP/RTCP pair + and 49172 and 49173 form the second RTP/RTCP pair. RTP/AVP is the + transport protocol and 31 is the format (see below). If non- + contiguous ports are required, they must be signalled using a + separate attribute (for example, "a=rtcp:" as defined in [22]). + + If multiple addresses are specified in the "c=" field and multiple + ports are specified in the "m=" field, a one-to-one mapping from + port to the corresponding address is implied. For example: + + c=IN IP4 224.2.1.1/127/2 + m=video 49170/2 RTP/AVP 31 + + would imply that address 224.2.1.1 is used with ports 49170 and + 49171, and address 224.2.1.2 is used with ports 49172 and 49173. + + The semantics of multiple "m=" lines using the same transport + address are undefined. This implies that, unlike limited past + practice, there is no implicit grouping defined by such means and + an explicit grouping framework (for example, [18]) should instead + be used to express the intended semantics. + + <proto> is the transport protocol. The meaning of the transport + protocol is dependent on the address type field in the relevant + "c=" field. Thus a "c=" field of IP4 indicates that the transport + protocol runs over IP4. The following transport protocols are + defined, but may be extended through registration of new protocols + with IANA (see Section 8): + + * udp: denotes an unspecified protocol running over UDP. + + * RTP/AVP: denotes RTP [19] used under the RTP Profile for Audio + and Video Conferences with Minimal Control [20] running over + UDP. + + * RTP/SAVP: denotes the Secure Real-time Transport Protocol [23] + running over UDP. + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 23] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + The main reason to specify the transport protocol in addition to + the media format is that the same standard media formats may be + carried over different transport protocols even when the network + protocol is the same -- a historical example is vat Pulse Code + Modulation (PCM) audio and RTP PCM audio; another might be TCP/RTP + PCM audio. In addition, relays and monitoring tools that are + transport-protocol-specific but format-independent are possible. + + <fmt> is a media format description. The fourth and any subsequent + sub-fields describe the format of the media. The interpretation + of the media format depends on the value of the <proto> sub-field. + + If the <proto> sub-field is "RTP/AVP" or "RTP/SAVP" the <fmt> + sub-fields contain RTP payload type numbers. When a list of + payload type numbers is given, this implies that all of these + payload formats MAY be used in the session, but the first of these + formats SHOULD be used as the default format for the session. For + dynamic payload type assignments the "a=rtpmap:" attribute (see + Section 6) SHOULD be used to map from an RTP payload type number + to a media encoding name that identifies the payload format. The + "a=fmtp:" attribute MAY be used to specify format parameters (see + Section 6). + + If the <proto> sub-field is "udp" the <fmt> sub-fields MUST + reference a media type describing the format under the "audio", + "video", "text", "application", or "message" top-level media + types. The media type registration SHOULD define the packet + format for use with UDP transport. + + For media using other transport protocols, the <fmt> field is + protocol specific. Rules for interpretation of the <fmt> sub- + field MUST be defined when registering new protocols (see Section + 8.2.2). + +6. SDP Attributes + + The following attributes are defined. Since application writers may + add new attributes as they are required, this list is not exhaustive. + Registration procedures for new attributes are defined in Section + 8.2.4. + + a=cat:<category> + + This attribute gives the dot-separated hierarchical category of + the session. This is to enable a receiver to filter unwanted + sessions by category. There is no central registry of + categories. It is a session-level attribute, and it is not + dependent on charset. + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 24] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + a=keywds:<keywords> + + Like the cat attribute, this is to assist identifying wanted + sessions at the receiver. This allows a receiver to select + interesting session based on keywords describing the purpose of + the session; there is no central registry of keywords. It is a + session-level attribute. It is a charset-dependent attribute, + meaning that its value should be interpreted in the charset + specified for the session description if one is specified, or + by default in ISO 10646/UTF-8. + + a=tool:<name and version of tool> + + This gives the name and version number of the tool used to + create the session description. It is a session-level + attribute, and it is not dependent on charset. + + a=ptime:<packet time> + + This gives the length of time in milliseconds represented by + the media in a packet. This is probably only meaningful for + audio data, but may be used with other media types if it makes + sense. It should not be necessary to know ptime to decode RTP + or vat audio, and it is intended as a recommendation for the + encoding/packetisation of audio. It is a media-level + attribute, and it is not dependent on charset. + + a=maxptime:<maximum packet time> + + This gives the maximum amount of media that can be encapsulated + in each packet, expressed as time in milliseconds. The time + SHALL be calculated as the sum of the time the media present in + the packet represents. For frame-based codecs, the time SHOULD + be an integer multiple of the frame size. This attribute is + probably only meaningful for audio data, but may be used with + other media types if it makes sense. It is a media-level + attribute, and it is not dependent on charset. Note that this + attribute was introduced after RFC 2327, and non-updated + implementations will ignore this attribute. + + a=rtpmap:<payload type> <encoding name>/<clock rate> [/<encoding + parameters>] + + This attribute maps from an RTP payload type number (as used in + an "m=" line) to an encoding name denoting the payload format + to be used. It also provides information on the clock rate and + encoding parameters. It is a media-level attribute that is not + dependent on charset. + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 25] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + Although an RTP profile may make static assignments of payload + type numbers to payload formats, it is more common for that + assignment to be done dynamically using "a=rtpmap:" attributes. + As an example of a static payload type, consider u-law PCM + coded single-channel audio sampled at 8 kHz. This is + completely defined in the RTP Audio/Video profile as payload + type 0, so there is no need for an "a=rtpmap:" attribute, and + the media for such a stream sent to UDP port 49232 can be + specified as: + + m=audio 49232 RTP/AVP 0 + + An example of a dynamic payload type is 16-bit linear encoded + stereo audio sampled at 16 kHz. If we wish to use the dynamic + RTP/AVP payload type 98 for this stream, additional information + is required to decode it: + + m=audio 49232 RTP/AVP 98 + a=rtpmap:98 L16/16000/2 + + Up to one rtpmap attribute can be defined for each media format + specified. Thus, we might have the following: + + m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 96 97 98 + a=rtpmap:96 L8/8000 + a=rtpmap:97 L16/8000 + a=rtpmap:98 L16/11025/2 + + RTP profiles that specify the use of dynamic payload types MUST + define the set of valid encoding names and/or a means to + register encoding names if that profile is to be used with SDP. + The "RTP/AVP" and "RTP/SAVP" profiles use media subtypes for + encoding names, under the top-level media type denoted in the + "m=" line. In the example above, the media types are + "audio/l8" and "audio/l16". + + For audio streams, <encoding parameters> indicates the number + of audio channels. This parameter is OPTIONAL and may be + omitted if the number of channels is one, provided that no + additional parameters are needed. + + For video streams, no encoding parameters are currently + specified. + + Additional encoding parameters MAY be defined in the future, + but codec-specific parameters SHOULD NOT be added. Parameters + added to an "a=rtpmap:" attribute SHOULD only be those required + for a session directory to make the choice of appropriate media + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 26] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + to participate in a session. Codec-specific parameters should + be added in other attributes (for example, "a=fmtp:"). + + Note: RTP audio formats typically do not include information + about the number of samples per packet. If a non-default (as + defined in the RTP Audio/Video Profile) packetisation is + required, the "ptime" attribute is used as given above. + + a=recvonly + + This specifies that the tools should be started in receive-only + mode where applicable. It can be either a session- or media- + level attribute, and it is not dependent on charset. Note that + recvonly applies to the media only, not to any associated + control protocol (e.g., an RTP-based system in recvonly mode + SHOULD still send RTCP packets). + + a=sendrecv + + This specifies that the tools should be started in send and + receive mode. This is necessary for interactive conferences + with tools that default to receive-only mode. It can be either + a session or media-level attribute, and it is not dependent on + charset. + + If none of the attributes "sendonly", "recvonly", "inactive", + and "sendrecv" is present, "sendrecv" SHOULD be assumed as the + default for sessions that are not of the conference type + "broadcast" or "H332" (see below). + + a=sendonly + + This specifies that the tools should be started in send-only + mode. An example may be where a different unicast address is + to be used for a traffic destination than for a traffic source. + In such a case, two media descriptions may be used, one + sendonly and one recvonly. It can be either a session- or + media-level attribute, but would normally only be used as a + media attribute. It is not dependent on charset. Note that + sendonly applies only to the media, and any associated control + protocol (e.g., RTCP) SHOULD still be received and processed as + normal. + + a=inactive + + This specifies that the tools should be started in inactive + mode. This is necessary for interactive conferences where + users can put other users on hold. No media is sent over an + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 27] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + inactive media stream. Note that an RTP-based system SHOULD + still send RTCP, even if started inactive. It can be either a + session or media-level attribute, and it is not dependent on + charset. + + a=orient:<orientation> + + Normally this is only used for a whiteboard or presentation + tool. It specifies the orientation of a the workspace on the + screen. It is a media-level attribute. Permitted values are + "portrait", "landscape", and "seascape" (upside-down + landscape). It is not dependent on charset. + + a=type:<conference type> + + This specifies the type of the conference. Suggested values + are "broadcast", "meeting", "moderated", "test", and "H332". + "recvonly" should be the default for "type:broadcast" sessions, + "type:meeting" should imply "sendrecv", and "type:moderated" + should indicate the use of a floor control tool and that the + media tools are started so as to mute new sites joining the + conference. + + Specifying the attribute "type:H332" indicates that this + loosely coupled session is part of an H.332 session as defined + in the ITU H.332 specification [26]. Media tools should be + started "recvonly". + + Specifying the attribute "type:test" is suggested as a hint + that, unless explicitly requested otherwise, receivers can + safely avoid displaying this session description to users. + + The type attribute is a session-level attribute, and it is not + dependent on charset. + + a=charset:<character set> + + This specifies the character set to be used to display the + session name and information data. By default, the ISO-10646 + character set in UTF-8 encoding is used. If a more compact + representation is required, other character sets may be used. + For example, the ISO 8859-1 is specified with the following SDP + attribute: + + a=charset:ISO-8859-1 + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 28] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + This is a session-level attribute and is not dependent on + charset. The charset specified MUST be one of those registered + with IANA, such as ISO-8859-1. The character set identifier is + a US-ASCII string and MUST be compared against the IANA + identifiers using a case-insensitive comparison. If the + identifier is not recognised or not supported, all strings that + are affected by it SHOULD be regarded as octet strings. + + Note that a character set specified MUST still prohibit the use + of bytes 0x00 (Nul), 0x0A (LF), and 0x0d (CR). Character sets + requiring the use of these characters MUST define a quoting + mechanism that prevents these bytes from appearing within text + fields. + + a=sdplang:<language tag> + + This can be a session-level attribute or a media-level + attribute. As a session-level attribute, it specifies the + language for the session description. As a media-level + attribute, it specifies the language for any media-level SDP + information field associated with that media. Multiple sdplang + attributes can be provided either at session or media level if + multiple languages in the session description or media use + multiple languages, in which case the order of the attributes + indicates the order of importance of the various languages in + the session or media from most important to least important. + + In general, sending session descriptions consisting of multiple + languages is discouraged. Instead, multiple descriptions + SHOULD be sent describing the session, one in each language. + However, this is not possible with all transport mechanisms, + and so multiple sdplang attributes are allowed although NOT + RECOMMENDED. + + The "sdplang" attribute value must be a single RFC 3066 + language tag in US-ASCII [9]. It is not dependent on the + charset attribute. An "sdplang" attribute SHOULD be specified + when a session is of sufficient scope to cross geographic + boundaries where the language of recipients cannot be assumed, + or where the session is in a different language from the + locally assumed norm. + + a=lang:<language tag> + + This can be a session-level attribute or a media-level + attribute. As a session-level attribute, it specifies the + default language for the session being described. As a media- + level attribute, it specifies the language for that media, + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 29] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + overriding any session-level language specified. Multiple lang + attributes can be provided either at session or media level if + the session description or media use multiple languages, in + which case the order of the attributes indicates the order of + importance of the various languages in the session or media + from most important to least important. + + The "lang" attribute value must be a single RFC 3066 language + tag in US-ASCII [9]. It is not dependent on the charset + attribute. A "lang" attribute SHOULD be specified when a + session is of sufficient scope to cross geographic boundaries + where the language of recipients cannot be assumed, or where + the session is in a different language from the locally assumed + norm. + + a=framerate:<frame rate> + + This gives the maximum video frame rate in frames/sec. It is + intended as a recommendation for the encoding of video data. + Decimal representations of fractional values using the notation + "<integer>.<fraction>" are allowed. It is a media-level + attribute, defined only for video media, and it is not + dependent on charset. + + a=quality:<quality> + + This gives a suggestion for the quality of the encoding as an + integer value. The intention of the quality attribute for + video is to specify a non-default trade-off between frame-rate + and still-image quality. For video, the value is in the range + 0 to 10, with the following suggested meaning: + + 10 - the best still-image quality the compression scheme can + give. + 5 - the default behaviour given no quality suggestion. + 0 - the worst still-image quality the codec designer thinks + is still usable. + + It is a media-level attribute, and it is not dependent on + charset. + + a=fmtp:<format> <format specific parameters> + + This attribute allows parameters that are specific to a + particular format to be conveyed in a way that SDP does not + have to understand them. The format must be one of the formats + specified for the media. Format-specific parameters may be any + set of parameters required to be conveyed by SDP and given + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 30] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + unchanged to the media tool that will use this format. At most + one instance of this attribute is allowed for each format. + + It is a media-level attribute, and it is not dependent on + charset. + +7. Security Considerations + + SDP is frequently used with the Session Initiation Protocol [15] + using the offer/answer model [17] to agree on parameters for unicast + sessions. When used in this manner, the security considerations of + those protocols apply. + + SDP is a session description format that describes multimedia + sessions. Entities receiving and acting upon an SDP message SHOULD + be aware that a session description cannot be trusted unless it has + been obtained by an authenticated transport protocol from a known and + trusted source. Many different transport protocols may be used to + distribute session description, and the nature of the authentication + will differ from transport to transport. For some transports, + security features are often not deployed. In case a session + description has not been obtained in a trusted manner, the endpoint + SHOULD exercise care because, among other attacks, the media sessions + received may not be the intended ones, the destination where media is + sent to may not be the expected one, any of the parameters of the + session may be incorrect, or the media security may be compromised. + It is up to the endpoint to make a sensible decision taking into + account the security risks of the application and the user + preferences and may decide to ask the user whether or not to accept + the session. + + One transport that can be used to distribute session descriptions is + the Session Announcement Protocol (SAP). SAP provides both + encryption and authentication mechanisms, but due to the nature of + session announcements it is likely that there are many occasions + where the originator of a session announcement cannot be + authenticated because the originator is previously unknown to the + receiver of the announcement and because no common public key + infrastructure is available. + + On receiving a session description over an unauthenticated transport + mechanism or from an untrusted party, software parsing the session + should take a few precautions. Session descriptions contain + information required to start software on the receiver's system. + Software that parses a session description MUST NOT be able to start + other software except that which is specifically configured as + appropriate software to participate in multimedia sessions. It is + normally considered inappropriate for software parsing a session + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 31] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + description to start, on a user's system, software that is + appropriate to participate in multimedia sessions, without the user + first being informed that such software will be started and giving + the user's consent. Thus, a session description arriving by session + announcement, email, session invitation, or WWW page MUST NOT deliver + the user into an interactive multimedia session unless the user has + explicitly pre-authorised such action. As it is not always simple to + tell whether or not a session is interactive, applications that are + unsure should assume sessions are interactive. + + In this specification, there are no attributes that would allow the + recipient of a session description to be informed to start multimedia + tools in a mode where they default to transmitting. Under some + circumstances it might be appropriate to define such attributes. If + this is done, an application parsing a session description containing + such attributes SHOULD either ignore them or inform the user that + joining this session will result in the automatic transmission of + multimedia data. The default behaviour for an unknown attribute is + to ignore it. + + In certain environments, it has become common for intermediary + systems to intercept and analyse session descriptions contained + within other signalling protocols. This is done for a range of + purposes, including but not limited to opening holes in firewalls to + allow media streams to pass, or to mark, prioritize, or block traffic + selectively. In some cases, such intermediary systems may modify the + session description, for example, to have the contents of the session + description match NAT bindings dynamically created. These behaviours + are NOT RECOMMENDED unless the session description is conveyed in + such a manner that allows the intermediary system to conduct proper + checks to establish the authenticity of the session description, and + the authority of its source to establish such communication sessions. + SDP by itself does not include sufficient information to enable these + checks: they depend on the encapsulating protocol (e.g., SIP or + RTSP). + + Use of the "k=" field poses a significant security risk, since it + conveys session encryption keys in the clear. SDP MUST NOT be used + to convey key material, unless it can be guaranteed that the channel + over which the SDP is delivered is both private and authenticated. + Moreover, the "k=" line provides no way to indicate or negotiate + cryptographic key algorithms. As it provides for only a single + symmetric key, rather than separate keys for confidentiality and + integrity, its utility is severely limited. The use of the "k=" line + is NOT RECOMMENDED, as discussed in Section 5.12. + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 32] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + +8. IANA Considerations + +8.1. The "application/sdp" Media Type + + One media type registration from RFC 2327 is to be updated, as + defined below. + + To: [email protected] + Subject: Registration of media type "application/sdp" + + Type name: application + + Subtype name: sdp + + Required parameters: None. + + Optional parameters: None. + + Encoding considerations: + SDP files are primarily UTF-8 format text. The "a=charset:" + attribute may be used to signal the presence of other + character sets in certain parts of an SDP file (see + Section 6 of RFC 4566). Arbitrary binary content cannot + be directly represented in SDP. + + Security considerations: + See Section 7 of RFC 4566 + + Interoperability considerations: + See RFC 4566 + + Published specification: + See RFC 4566 + + Applications which use this media type: + Voice over IP, video teleconferencing, streaming media, instant + messaging, among others. See also Section 3 of RFC 4566. + + Additional information: + + Magic number(s): None. + File extension(s): The extension ".sdp" is commonly used. + Macintosh File Type Code(s): "sdp " + + Person & email address to contact for further information: + Mark Handley <[email protected]> + Colin Perkins <[email protected]> + IETF MMUSIC working group <[email protected]> + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 33] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + Intended usage: COMMON + + Author/Change controller: + Authors of RFC 4566 + IETF MMUSIC working group delegated from the IESG + +8.2. Registration of Parameters + + There are seven field names that may be registered with IANA. Using + the terminology in the SDP specification Backus-Naur Form (BNF), they + are "media", "proto", "fmt", "att-field", "bwtype", "nettype", and + "addrtype". + +8.2.1. Media Types ("media") + + The set of media types is intended to be small and SHOULD NOT be + extended except under rare circumstances. The same rules should + apply for media names as for top-level media content types, and where + possible the same name should be registered for SDP as for MIME. For + media other than existing top-level media content types, a Standards + Track RFC MUST be produced for a new top-level content type to be + registered, and the registration MUST provide good justification why + no existing media name is appropriate (the "Standards Action" policy + of RFC 2434 [8]. + + This memo registers the media types "audio", "video", "text", + "application", and "message". + + Note: The media types "control" and "data" were listed as valid in + the previous version of this specification [6]; however, their + semantics were never fully specified and they are not widely used. + These media types have been removed in this specification, although + they still remain valid media type capabilities for a SIP user agent + as defined in RFC 3840 [24]. If these media types are considered + useful in the future, a Standards Track RFC MUST be produced to + document their use. Until that is done, applications SHOULD NOT use + these types and SHOULD NOT declare support for them in SIP + capabilities declarations (even though they exist in the registry + created by RFC 3840). + +8.2.2. Transport Protocols ("proto") + + The "proto" field describes the transport protocol used. This SHOULD + reference a standards-track protocol RFC. This memo registers three + values: "RTP/AVP" is a reference to RTP [19] used under the RTP + Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control [20] + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 34] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + running over UDP/IP, "RTP/SAVP" is a reference to the Secure Real- + time Transport Protocol [23], and "udp" indicates an unspecified + protocol over UDP. + + If other RTP profiles are defined in the future, their "proto" name + SHOULD be specified in the same manner. For example, an RTP profile + whose short name is "XYZ" would be denoted by a "proto" field of + "RTP/XYZ". + + New transport protocols SHOULD be registered with IANA. + Registrations MUST reference an RFC describing the protocol. Such an + RFC MAY be Experimental or Informational, although it is preferable + that it be Standards Track. Registrations MUST also define the rules + by which their "fmt" namespace is managed (see below). + +8.2.3. Media Formats ("fmt") + + Each transport protocol, defined by the "proto" field, has an + associated "fmt" namespace that describes the media formats that may + be conveyed by that protocol. Formats cover all the possible + encodings that might want to be transported in a multimedia session. + + RTP payload formats under the "RTP/AVP" and "RTP/SAVP" profiles MUST + use the payload type number as their "fmt" value. If the payload + type number is dynamically assigned by this session description, an + additional "rtpmap" attribute MUST be included to specify the format + name and parameters as defined by the media type registration for the + payload format. It is RECOMMENDED that other RTP profiles that are + registered (in combination with RTP) as SDP transport protocols + specify the same rules for the "fmt" namespace. + + For the "udp" protocol, new formats SHOULD be registered. Use of an + existing media subtype for the format is encouraged. If no media + subtype exists, it is RECOMMENDED that a suitable one be registered + through the IETF process [31] by production of, or reference to, a + standards-track RFC that defines the transport protocol for the + format. + + For other protocols, formats MAY be registered according to the rules + of the associated "proto" specification. + + Registrations of new formats MUST specify which transport protocols + they apply to. + + + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 35] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + +8.2.4. Attribute Names ("att-field") + + Attribute field names ("att-field") MUST be registered with IANA and + documented, because of noticeable issues due to conflicting + attributes under the same name. Unknown attributes in SDP are simply + ignored, but conflicting ones that fragment the protocol are a + serious problem. + + New attribute registrations are accepted according to the + "Specification Required" policy of RFC 2434, provided that the + specification includes the following information: + + o contact name, email address, and telephone number + + o attribute name (as it will appear in SDP) + + o long-form attribute name in English + + o type of attribute (session level, media level, or both) + + o whether the attribute value is subject to the charset attribute + + o a one-paragraph explanation of the purpose of the attribute + + o a specification of appropriate attribute values for this attribute + + The above is the minimum that IANA will accept. Attributes that are + expected to see widespread use and interoperability SHOULD be + documented with a standards-track RFC that specifies the attribute + more precisely. + + Submitters of registrations should ensure that the specification is + in the spirit of SDP attributes, most notably that the attribute is + platform independent in the sense that it makes no implicit + assumptions about operating systems and does not name specific pieces + of software in a manner that might inhibit interoperability. + + IANA has registered the following initial set of attribute names + ("att-field" values), with definitions as in Section 6 of this memo + (these definitions update those in RFC 2327): + + + + + + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 36] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + Name | Session or Media level? | Dependent on charset? + ----------+-------------------------+---------------------- + cat | Session | No + keywds | Session | Yes + tool | Session | No + ptime | Media | No + maxptime | Media | No + rtpmap | Media | No + recvonly | Either | No + sendrecv | Either | No + sendonly | Either | No + inactive | Either | No + orient | Media | No + type | Session | No + charset | Session | No + sdplang | Either | No + lang | Either | No + framerate | Media | No + quality | Media | No + fmtp | Media | No + +8.2.5. Bandwidth Specifiers ("bwtype") + + A proliferation of bandwidth specifiers is strongly discouraged. + + New bandwidth specifiers ("bwtype" fields) MUST be registered with + IANA. The submission MUST reference a standards-track RFC specifying + the semantics of the bandwidth specifier precisely, and indicating + when it should be used, and why the existing registered bandwidth + specifiers do not suffice. + + IANA has registered the bandwidth specifiers "CT" and "AS" with + definitions as in Section 5.8 of this memo (these definitions update + those in RFC 2327). + +8.2.6. Network Types ("nettype") + + New network types (the "nettype" field) may be registered with IANA + if SDP needs to be used in the context of non-Internet environments. + Although these are not normally the preserve of IANA, there may be + circumstances when an Internet application needs to interoperate with + a non-Internet application, such as when gatewaying an Internet + telephone call into the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). + The number of network types should be small and should be rarely + extended. A new network type cannot be registered without + registering at least one address type to be used with that network + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 37] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + type. A new network type registration MUST reference an RFC that + gives details of the network type and address type and specifies how + and when they would be used. + + IANA has registered the network type "IN" to represent the Internet, + with definition as in Sections 5.2 and 5.7 of this memo (these + definitions update those in RFC 2327). + +8.2.7. Address Types ("addrtype") + + New address types ("addrtype") may be registered with IANA. An + address type is only meaningful in the context of a network type, and + any registration of an address type MUST specify a registered network + type or be submitted along with a network type registration. A new + address type registration MUST reference an RFC giving details of the + syntax of the address type. Address types are not expected to be + registered frequently. + + IANA has registered the address types "IP4" and "IP6" with + definitions as in Sections 5.2 and 5.7 of this memo (these + definitions update those in RFC 2327). + +8.2.8. Registration Procedure + + In the RFC documentation that registers SDP "media", "proto", "fmt", + "bwtype", "nettype", and "addrtype" fields, the authors MUST include + the following information for IANA to place in the appropriate + registry: + + o contact name, email address, and telephone number + + o name being registered (as it will appear in SDP) + + o long-form name in English + + o type of name ("media", "proto", "fmt", "bwtype", "nettype", or + "addrtype") + + o a one-paragraph explanation of the purpose of the registered name + + o a reference to the specification for the registered name (this + will typically be an RFC number) + + IANA may refer any registration to the IESG for review, and may + request revisions to be made before a registration will be made. + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 38] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + +8.3. Encryption Key Access Methods + + The IANA previously maintained a table of SDP encryption key access + method ("enckey") names. This table is obsolete, since the "k=" line + is not extensible. New registrations MUST NOT be accepted. + +9. SDP Grammar + + This section provides an Augmented BNF grammar for SDP. ABNF is + defined in [4]. + + ; SDP Syntax + session-description = proto-version + origin-field + session-name-field + information-field + uri-field + email-fields + phone-fields + connection-field + bandwidth-fields + time-fields + key-field + attribute-fields + media-descriptions + + proto-version = %x76 "=" 1*DIGIT CRLF + ;this memo describes version 0 + + origin-field = %x6f "=" username SP sess-id SP sess-version SP + nettype SP addrtype SP unicast-address CRLF + + session-name-field = %x73 "=" text CRLF + + information-field = [%x69 "=" text CRLF] + + uri-field = [%x75 "=" uri CRLF] + + email-fields = *(%x65 "=" email-address CRLF) + + phone-fields = *(%x70 "=" phone-number CRLF) + + connection-field = [%x63 "=" nettype SP addrtype SP + connection-address CRLF] + ;a connection field must be present + ;in every media description or at the + ;session-level + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 39] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + bandwidth-fields = *(%x62 "=" bwtype ":" bandwidth CRLF) + + time-fields = 1*( %x74 "=" start-time SP stop-time + *(CRLF repeat-fields) CRLF) + [zone-adjustments CRLF] + + repeat-fields = %x72 "=" repeat-interval SP typed-time + 1*(SP typed-time) + + zone-adjustments = %x7a "=" time SP ["-"] typed-time + *(SP time SP ["-"] typed-time) + + key-field = [%x6b "=" key-type CRLF] + + attribute-fields = *(%x61 "=" attribute CRLF) + + media-descriptions = *( media-field + information-field + *connection-field + bandwidth-fields + key-field + attribute-fields ) + + media-field = %x6d "=" media SP port ["/" integer] + SP proto 1*(SP fmt) CRLF + + ; sub-rules of 'o=' + username = non-ws-string + ;pretty wide definition, but doesn't + ;include space + + sess-id = 1*DIGIT + ;should be unique for this username/host + + sess-version = 1*DIGIT + + nettype = token + ;typically "IN" + + addrtype = token + ;typically "IP4" or "IP6" + + ; sub-rules of 'u=' + uri = URI-reference + ; see RFC 3986 + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 40] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + ; sub-rules of 'e=', see RFC 2822 for definitions + email-address = address-and-comment / dispname-and-address + / addr-spec + address-and-comment = addr-spec 1*SP "(" 1*email-safe ")" + dispname-and-address = 1*email-safe 1*SP "<" addr-spec ">" + + ; sub-rules of 'p=' + phone-number = phone *SP "(" 1*email-safe ")" / + 1*email-safe "<" phone ">" / + phone + + phone = ["+"] DIGIT 1*(SP / "-" / DIGIT) + + ; sub-rules of 'c=' + connection-address = multicast-address / unicast-address + + ; sub-rules of 'b=' + bwtype = token + + bandwidth = 1*DIGIT + + ; sub-rules of 't=' + start-time = time / "0" + + stop-time = time / "0" + + time = POS-DIGIT 9*DIGIT + ; Decimal representation of NTP time in + ; seconds since 1900. The representation + ; of NTP time is an unbounded length field + ; containing at least 10 digits. Unlike the + ; 64-bit representation used elsewhere, time + ; in SDP does not wrap in the year 2036. + + ; sub-rules of 'r=' and 'z=' + repeat-interval = POS-DIGIT *DIGIT [fixed-len-time-unit] + + typed-time = 1*DIGIT [fixed-len-time-unit] + + fixed-len-time-unit = %x64 / %x68 / %x6d / %x73 + + ; sub-rules of 'k=' + key-type = %x70 %x72 %x6f %x6d %x70 %x74 / ; "prompt" + %x63 %x6c %x65 %x61 %x72 ":" text / ; "clear:" + %x62 %x61 %x73 %x65 "64:" base64 / ; "base64:" + %x75 %x72 %x69 ":" uri ; "uri:" + + base64 = *base64-unit [base64-pad] + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 41] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + base64-unit = 4base64-char + base64-pad = 2base64-char "==" / 3base64-char "=" + base64-char = ALPHA / DIGIT / "+" / "/" + + ; sub-rules of 'a=' + attribute = (att-field ":" att-value) / att-field + + att-field = token + + att-value = byte-string + + ; sub-rules of 'm=' + media = token + ;typically "audio", "video", "text", or + ;"application" + + fmt = token + ;typically an RTP payload type for audio + ;and video media + + proto = token *("/" token) + ;typically "RTP/AVP" or "udp" + + port = 1*DIGIT + + ; generic sub-rules: addressing + unicast-address = IP4-address / IP6-address / FQDN / extn-addr + + multicast-address = IP4-multicast / IP6-multicast / FQDN + / extn-addr + + IP4-multicast = m1 3( "." decimal-uchar ) + "/" ttl [ "/" integer ] + ; IPv4 multicast addresses may be in the + ; range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 + + m1 = ("22" ("4"/"5"/"6"/"7"/"8"/"9")) / + ("23" DIGIT ) + + IP6-multicast = hexpart [ "/" integer ] + ; IPv6 address starting with FF + + ttl = (POS-DIGIT *2DIGIT) / "0" + + FQDN = 4*(alpha-numeric / "-" / ".") + ; fully qualified domain name as specified + ; in RFC 1035 (and updates) + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 42] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + IP4-address = b1 3("." decimal-uchar) + + b1 = decimal-uchar + ; less than "224" + + ; The following is consistent with RFC 2373 [30], Appendix B. + IP6-address = hexpart [ ":" IP4-address ] + + hexpart = hexseq / hexseq "::" [ hexseq ] / + "::" [ hexseq ] + + hexseq = hex4 *( ":" hex4) + + hex4 = 1*4HEXDIG + + ; Generic for other address families + extn-addr = non-ws-string + + ; generic sub-rules: datatypes + text = byte-string + ;default is to interpret this as UTF8 text. + ;ISO 8859-1 requires "a=charset:ISO-8859-1" + ;session-level attribute to be used + + byte-string = 1*(%x01-09/%x0B-0C/%x0E-FF) + ;any byte except NUL, CR, or LF + + non-ws-string = 1*(VCHAR/%x80-FF) + ;string of visible characters + + token-char = %x21 / %x23-27 / %x2A-2B / %x2D-2E / %x30-39 + / %x41-5A / %x5E-7E + + token = 1*(token-char) + + email-safe = %x01-09/%x0B-0C/%x0E-27/%x2A-3B/%x3D/%x3F-FF + ;any byte except NUL, CR, LF, or the quoting + ;characters ()<> + + integer = POS-DIGIT *DIGIT + + ; generic sub-rules: primitives + alpha-numeric = ALPHA / DIGIT + + POS-DIGIT = %x31-39 ; 1 - 9 + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 43] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + decimal-uchar = DIGIT + / POS-DIGIT DIGIT + / ("1" 2*(DIGIT)) + / ("2" ("0"/"1"/"2"/"3"/"4") DIGIT) + / ("2" "5" ("0"/"1"/"2"/"3"/"4"/"5")) + + ; external references: + ; ALPHA, DIGIT, CRLF, SP, VCHAR: from RFC 4234 + ; URI-reference: from RFC 3986 + ; addr-spec: from RFC 2822 + +10. Summary of Changes from RFC 2327 + + The memo has been significantly restructured, incorporating a large + number of clarifications to the specification in light of use. With + the exception of those items noted below, the changes to the memo are + intended to be backward-compatible clarifications. However, due to + inconsistencies and unclear definitions in RFC 2327 it is likely that + some implementations interpreted that memo in ways that differ from + this version of SDP. + + The ABNF grammar in Section 9 has been extensively revised and + updated, correcting a number of mistakes and incorporating the RFC + 3266 IPv6 extensions. Known inconsistencies between the grammar and + the specification text have been resolved. + + A media type registration for SDP is included. Requirements for the + registration of attributes and other parameters with IANA have been + clarified and tightened (Section 8). It is noted that "text" and + "message" are valid media types for use with SDP, but that "control" + and "data" are under-specified and deprecated. + + RFC 2119 terms are now used throughout to specify requirements + levels. Certain of those requirements, in particular in relation to + parameter registration, are stricter than those in RFC 2327. + + The "RTP/SAVP" RTP profile and its "fmt" namespace are registered. + + The attributes "a=inactive" and "a=maxptime" have been added. + + RFC 2327 mandated that either "e=" or "p=" was required. Both are + now optional, to reflect actual usage. + + The significant limitations of the "k=" field are noted, and its use + is deprecated. + + Most uses of the "x-" prefix notation for experimental parameters are + disallowed and the other uses are deprecated. + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 44] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + +11. Acknowledgements + + Many people in the IETF Multiparty Multimedia Session Control + (MMUSIC) working group have made comments and suggestions + contributing to this document. In particular, we would like to thank + Eve Schooler, Steve Casner, Bill Fenner, Allison Mankin, Ross + Finlayson, Peter Parnes, Joerg Ott, Carsten Bormann, Steve Hanna, + Jonathan Lennox, Keith Drage, Sean Olson, Bernie Hoeneisen, Jonathan + Rosenberg, John Elwell, Flemming Andreasen, Jon Peterson, and Spencer + Dawkins. + +12. References + +12.1. Normative References + + [1] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities", STD + 13, RFC 1034, November 1987. + + [2] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and + specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987. + + [3] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement + Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. + + [4] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax + Specifications: ABNF", RFC 4234, October 2005. + + [5] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646", STD + 63, RFC 3629, November 2003. + + [6] Handley, M. and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description + Protocol", RFC 2327, April 1998. + + [7] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform + Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, + January 2005. + + [8] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA + Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October + 1998. + + [9] Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages", BCP + 47, RFC 3066, January 2001. + + [10] Olson, S., Camarillo, G., and A. Roach, "Support for IPv6 in + Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3266, June 2002. + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 45] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + [11] Faltstrom, P., Hoffman, P., and A. Costello, + "Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)", RFC + 3490, March 2003. + + [12] Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings", + RFC 3548, July 2003. + +12.2. Informative References + + [13] Mills, D., "Network Time Protocol (Version 3) Specification, + Implementation", RFC 1305, March 1992. + + [14] Handley, M., Perkins, C., and E. Whelan, "Session Announcement + Protocol", RFC 2974, October 2000. + + [15] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A., + Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E. Schooler, "SIP: + Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002. + + [16] Schulzrinne, H., Rao, A., and R. Lanphier, "Real Time Streaming + Protocol (RTSP)", RFC 2326, April 1998. + + [17] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model with + Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264, June 2002. + + [18] Camarillo, G., Eriksson, G., Holler, J., and H. Schulzrinne, + "Grouping of Media Lines in the Session Description Protocol + (SDP)", RFC 3388, December 2002. + + [19] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V. Jacobson, + "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", STD 64, + RFC 3550, July 2003. + + [20] Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and Video + Conferences with Minimal Control", STD 65, RFC 3551, July 2003. + + [21] Casner, S., "Session Description Protocol (SDP) Bandwidth + Modifiers for RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Bandwidth", RFC 3556, + July 2003. + + [22] Huitema, C., "Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP) attribute in + Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3605, October 2003. + + [23] Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K. + Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)", RFC + 3711, March 2004. + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 46] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + + [24] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., and P. Kyzivat, "Indicating + User Agent Capabilities in the Session Initiation Protocol + (SIP)", RFC 3840, August 2004. + + [25] Westerlund, M., "A Transport Independent Bandwidth Modifier for + the Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3890, September + 2004. + + [26] International Telecommunication Union, "H.323 extended for + loosely coupled conferences", ITU Recommendation H.332, + September 1998. + + [27] Arkko, J., Carrara, E., Lindholm, F., Naslund, M., and K. + Norrman, "Key Management Extensions for Session Description + Protocol (SDP) and Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)", RFC + 4567, July 2006. + + [28] Andreasen, F., Baugher, M., and D. Wing, "Session Description + Protocol (SDP) Security Descriptions for Media Streams", RFC + 4568, July 2006. + + [29] Resnick, P., "Internet Message Format", RFC 2822, April 2001. + + [30] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing + Architecture", RFC 2373, July 1998. + + [31] Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Media Type Specifications and + Registration Procedures", BCP 13, RFC 4288, December 2005. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 47] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + +Authors' Addresses + + Mark Handley + University College London + Department of Computer Science + Gower Street + London WC1E 6BT + UK + + EMail: [email protected] + + + Van Jacobson + Packet Design + 2465 Latham Street + Mountain View, CA 94040 + USA + + EMail: [email protected] + + + Colin Perkins + University of Glasgow + Department of Computing Science + 17 Lilybank Gardens + Glasgow G12 8QQ + UK + + EMail: [email protected] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Handley, et al. Standards Track [Page 48] + +RFC 4566 SDP July 2006 + + +Full Copyright Statement + + Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). + + This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions + contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors + retain all their rights. + + This document and the information contained herein are provided on an + "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS + OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET + ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, + INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE + INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED + WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + +Intellectual Property + + The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any + Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to + pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in + this document or the extent to which any license under such rights + might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has + made any independent effort to identify any such rights. 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