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-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
-<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd">
-
-<chapter>
- <header>
- <copyright>
- <year>1999</year><year>2016</year>
- <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
- </copyright>
- <legalnotice>
- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- limitations under the License.
-
- </legalnotice>
-
- <title>Introduction to Orber</title>
- <prepared>Megan Lynch</prepared>
- <docno></docno>
- <date>1998-09-21</date>
- <rev></rev>
- <file>ch_introduction.xml</file>
- </header>
-
- <section>
- <title>Overview</title>
- <p>The Orber application is a CORBA compliant Object Request Brokers
- (ORB), which provides CORBA functionality in an Erlang
- environment. Essentially, the ORB channels communication or
- transactions between nodes in a
- heterogeneous environment.
- </p>
- <p><term id="CORBA"><termdef>Common Object Request Broker Architecture is a common communication standard developed by the OMG (Object Management Group)</termdef></term>(Common Object Request Broker
- Architecture) provides an interface definition language allowing
- efficient system integration and also supplies standard
- specifications for some services.
- </p>
- <p>The Orber application contains the following parts:</p>
- <list type="bulleted">
- <item>
- <p>ORB kernel and IIOP support</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>Interface Repository</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>Interface Definition Language Mapping for Erlang</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>CosNaming Service</p>
- </item>
- </list>
-
- <section>
- <title>Benefits</title>
- <p>Orber provides CORBA functionality in an Erlang environment that enables:
- </p>
- <list type="bulleted">
- <item>
- <p><em>Platform interoperability and transparency</em></p>
- <p>Orber enables communication between
- OTP applications or Erlang environment applications and
- other platforms; for example, Windows NT, Solaris
- etc, allowing platform transparency. This is especially helpful in situations where there
- are many users with different platforms. For example,
- booking airline tickets would require the airline database
- and hundreds of travel agents (who may not have the same
- platform) to book seats on flights. </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p><em>Application level interoperability and transparency</em></p>
- <p>As Orber is a CORBA compliant application, its purpose is
- to provide interoperability and transparency on the application
- level.
- Orber simplifies the distributed system software by defining the
- environment as objects, which in effect, views
- everything as identical regardless of programming
- languages. <br></br>
- Previously, time-consuming programming was
- required to facilitate communication between different languages.
- However, with CORBA compliant Orber the Application
- Programmer is relieved of this task. This makes
- communication on an application level relatively transparent to the user.</p>
- </item>
- </list>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <title>Purpose and Dependencies</title>
- <p>The system architecture and OTP dependencies of Orber are illustrated in figure 1 below:</p>
- <marker id="dependent"></marker>
- <image file="dependent.gif">
- <icaption>
-Figure 1: Orber Dependencies and Structure.</icaption>
- </image>
- <p>Orber is dependent on Mnesia (see the Mnesia
- documentation) - an Erlang database management application
- used to store object information.</p>
- <note>
- <p>Although Orber does not have a run-time
- application dependency to IC (an <term id="IDL"><termdef>Interface Definition Language - IDL is the OMG specified interface definition language, used to define the CORBA object interfaces.</termdef></term>compiler for
- Erlang), it is necessary when building
- services and applications. See the IC documentation for
- further details.</p>
- </note>
- <marker id="orbs"></marker>
- <image file="orbs.gif">
- <icaption>
-Figure 2: ORB interface between Java and Erlang Environment Nodes.</icaption>
- </image>
- <p>This simplified illustration in figure 2 demonstrates how Orber can facilitate communication in a heterogeneous environment. The Erlang Nodes running
- OTP and the other Node running applications written in Java can
- communicate via an <term id="ORB"><termdef>Object Request Broker - ORB open software bus architecture specified by the OMG which allows object components to communicate in a heterogeneous environment.</termdef></term>(Object Request Broker). Using
- Orber means that CORBA functions can be used to achieve this
- communication.
- </p>
- <p>For example, if one of the above nodes requests an object, it does not
- need to know if that object is located on the same, or
- different, Erlang or Java nodes. The ORB will channel the
- information creating platform and application transparency for
- the user.
- </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <title>Prerequisites</title>
- <p>To fully understand the concepts presented in the
- documentation, it is recommended that the user is familiar
- with distributed programming and CORBA (Common Object Request
- Broker Architecture).
- </p>
- <p>Recommended reading includes <em>Open Telecom Platform Documentation Set</em> and <em>Concurrent Programming in Erlang</em>.
- </p>
- </section>
- </section>
-</chapter>
-