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-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
-<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd">
-
-<chapter>
- <header>
- <copyright>
- <year>1999</year><year>2016</year>
- <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
- </copyright>
- <legalnotice>
- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- limitations under the License.
-
- </legalnotice>
-
- <title>The Orber Application</title>
- <prepared></prepared>
- <docno></docno>
- <date>1998-10-05</date>
- <rev></rev>
- <file>ch_orber_kernel.xml</file>
- </header>
-
- <section>
- <title>ORB Kernel and IIOP </title>
- <p>This chapter gives a brief overview of the ORB and its relation
- to objects in a distributed environment and the usage of Domains
- in Orber.
- Also Internet-Inter ORB Protocol (<term id="IIOP"><termdef>Internet-Inter ORB Protocol</termdef></term>) is discussed and how this
- protocol facilitates communication between ORBs to
- allow the accessory of persistent server objects in Erlang. </p>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <title>The Object Request Broker (ORB)</title>
- <p>An ORB kernel can be best described as the middle-ware, which
- creates relationships between clients and servers, but is
- defined by its interfaces. This allows transparency for the
- user, as they do not have to be aware of where the requested
- object is located. Thus, the programmer can work with any other
- platform provided that an IDL mapping and interfaces exist.
- </p>
- <p>The IDL mapping which is described in a later chapter is the
- translator between other platforms, and languages. However, it
- is the ORB, which provides objects with a structure by which
- they can communicate with other objects.
- </p>
- <p>ORBs intercept and direct messages from one object, pass this
- message using IIOP to another ORB, which then directs the
- message to the indicated object.
- </p>
- <p>An ORB is the base on which interfaces, communication stubs
- and mapping can be built to enable communication between
- objects. Orber uses <term id="domains"><termdef>A domain allows a more efficient communication protocol to be used between objects not on the same node without the need of an ORB</termdef></term>to group objects of different nodes
- </p>
- <p>How the ORB provides communication is shown very simply in figure 1 below: </p>
- <marker id="theORB"></marker>
- <image file="theORB.gif">
- <icaption>
-Figure 1: How the Object Request Broker works.</icaption>
- </image>
- <p>The domain in Orber gives an extra aspect to the distributed object
- environment as each domain has one ORB, but it is distributed over
- a number of object in different nodes. The domain binds objects on
- nodes more closely than distributed objects in different domains. The
- advantage of a domain is that a faster communication exists between
- nodes and objects of the same domain. An internal communication protocol
- (other than IIOP) allows a
- more efficient communication between these objects. </p>
- <note>
- <p>Unlike objects, domains can only have one name
- so that no communication ambiguities exist between domains.</p>
- </note>
- </section>
-
- <section>
- <title>Internet Inter-Object Protocol (IIOP)</title>
- <p>IIOP is a communication protocol developed by the OMG to
- facilitate communication in a distributed object-oriented
- environment.
- </p>
- <p>Figure 2 below demonstrates how IIOP works between objects:</p>
- <marker id="iiop"></marker>
- <image file="iiop.gif">
- <icaption>
-Figure 2: IIOP communication between domains and objects.</icaption>
- </image>
- <note>
- <p>Within the Orber domains the objects communicate without
- using the IIOP. However, the user is unaware of the difference in protocols, as this difference is not visible. </p>
- </note>
- </section>
-</chapter>
-