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-5 701 M
-(Network Working Group T. Ylonen) s
-5 690 M
-(Internet-Draft SSH Communications Security Corp) s
-5 679 M
-(Expires: March 2, 2003 D. Moffat, Ed.) s
-5 668 M
-( Sun Microsystems, Inc) s
-5 657 M
-( September 2002) s
-5 624 M
-( SSH Authentication Protocol) s
-5 613 M
-( draft-ietf-secsh-userauth-18.txt) s
-5 591 M
-(Status of this Memo) s
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-( This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with) s
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-( all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.) s
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-( and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any) s
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-( time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference) s
-5 459 M
-( material or to cite them other than as "work in progress.") s
-5 437 M
-( The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://) s
-5 426 M
-( www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.) s
-5 404 M
-( The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at) s
-5 393 M
-( http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.) s
-5 371 M
-( This Internet-Draft will expire on March 2, 2003.) s
-5 349 M
-(Copyright Notice) s
-5 327 M
-( Copyright \(C\) The Internet Society \(2002\). All Rights Reserved.) s
-5 305 M
-(Abstract) s
-5 283 M
-( SSH is a protocol for secure remote login and other secure network) s
-5 272 M
-( services over an insecure network. This document describes the SSH) s
-5 261 M
-( authentication protocol framework and public key, password, and) s
-5 250 M
-( host-based client authentication methods. Additional authentication) s
-5 239 M
-( methods are described in separate documents. The SSH authentication) s
-5 228 M
-( protocol runs on top of the SSH transport layer protocol and provides) s
-5 217 M
-( a single authenticated tunnel for the SSH connection protocol.) s
-5 129 M
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-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
-5 690 M
-(Table of Contents) s
-5 668 M
-( 1. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3) s
-5 657 M
-( 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3) s
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-( 3.1.1 Authentication Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4) s
-5 613 M
-( 3.1.2 Responses to Authentication Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . 5) s
-5 602 M
-( 3.1.3 The "none" Authentication Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6) s
-5 591 M
-( 3.1.4 Completion of User Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6) s
-5 580 M
-( 3.1.5 Banner Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7) s
-5 569 M
-( 3.2 Authentication Protocol Message Numbers . . . . . . . . . . 7) s
-5 558 M
-( 3.3 Public Key Authentication Method: publickey . . . . . . . . 8) s
-5 547 M
-( 3.4 Password Authentication Method: password . . . . . . . . . . 10) s
-5 536 M
-( 3.5 Host-Based Authentication: hostbased . . . . . . . . . . . . 11) s
-5 525 M
-( 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12) s
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-( Normative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13) s
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-( Informative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13) s
-5 492 M
-( Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14) s
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-( Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . 15) s
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-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
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-(1. Contributors) s
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-( The major original contributors of this document were: Tatu Ylonen,) s
-5 657 M
-( Tero Kivinen, Timo J. Rinne, Sami Lehtinen \(all of SSH Communications) s
-5 646 M
-( Security Corp\), and Markku-Juhani O. Saarinen \(University of) s
-5 635 M
-( Jyvaskyla\)) s
-5 613 M
-( The document editor is: [email protected]. Comments on this) s
-5 602 M
-( internet draft should be sent to the IETF SECSH working group,) s
-5 591 M
-( details at: http://ietf.org/html.charters/secsh-charter.html) s
-5 569 M
-(2. Introduction) s
-5 547 M
-( The SSH authentication protocol is a general-purpose user) s
-5 536 M
-( authentication protocol. It is intended to be run over the SSH) s
-5 525 M
-( transport layer protocol [SSH-TRANS]. This protocol assumes that the) s
-5 514 M
-( underlying protocols provide integrity and confidentiality) s
-5 503 M
-( protection.) s
-5 481 M
-( This document should be read only after reading the SSH architecture) s
-5 470 M
-( document [SSH-ARCH]. This document freely uses terminology and) s
-5 459 M
-( notation from the architecture document without reference or further) s
-5 448 M
-( explanation.) s
-5 426 M
-( The service name for this protocol is "ssh-userauth".) s
-5 404 M
-( When this protocol starts, it receives the session identifier from) s
-5 393 M
-( the lower-level protocol \(this is the exchange hash H from the first) s
-5 382 M
-( key exchange\). The session identifier uniquely identifies this) s
-5 371 M
-( session and is suitable for signing in order to prove ownership of a) s
-5 360 M
-( private key. This protocol also needs to know whether the lower-level) s
-5 349 M
-( protocol provides confidentiality protection.) s
-5 327 M
-(3. Conventions Used in This Document) s
-5 305 M
-( The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT",) s
-5 294 M
-( and "MAY" that appear in this document are to be interpreted as) s
-5 283 M
-( described in [RFC2119]) s
-5 261 M
-( The used data types and terminology are specified in the architecture) s
-5 250 M
-( document [SSH-ARCH]) s
-5 228 M
-( The architecture document also discusses the algorithm naming) s
-5 217 M
-( conventions that MUST be used with the SSH protocols.) s
-5 195 M
-(3.1 The Authentication Protocol Framework) s
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-( The server drives the authentication by telling the client which) s
-5 129 M
-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 3]) s
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-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
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-( authentication methods can be used to continue the exchange at any) s
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-( given time. The client has the freedom to try the methods listed by) s
-5 668 M
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-( supported. However, it MAY be sent by the client. The server MUST) s
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-( always reject this request, unless the client is to be allowed in) s
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-( without any authentication, in which case the server MUST accept this) s
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-( request. The main purpose of sending this request is to get the list) s
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-( of supported methods from the server.) s
-5 514 M
-( The server SHOULD have a timeout for authentication, and disconnect) s
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-( if the authentication has not been accepted within the timeout) s
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-( period. The RECOMMENDED timeout period is 10 minutes. Additionally,) s
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-( the implementation SHOULD limit the number of failed authentication) s
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-( attempts a client may perform in a single session \(the RECOMMENDED) s
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-( limit is 20 attempts\). If the threshold is exceeded, the server) s
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-( SHOULD disconnect.) s
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-(3.1.1 Authentication Requests) s
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-( All authentication requests MUST use the following message format.) s
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-( Only the first few fields are defined; the remaining fields depend on) s
-5 382 M
-( the authentication method.) s
-5 360 M
-( byte SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST) s
-5 349 M
-( string user name \(in ISO-10646 UTF-8 encoding [RFC2279]\)) s
-5 338 M
-( string service name \(in US-ASCII\)) s
-5 327 M
-( string method name \(US-ASCII\)) s
-5 316 M
-( The rest of the packet is method-specific.) s
-5 294 M
-( The user name and service are repeated in every new authentication) s
-5 283 M
-( attempt, and MAY change. The server implementation MUST carefully) s
-5 272 M
-( check them in every message, and MUST flush any accumulated) s
-5 261 M
-( authentication states if they change. If it is unable to flush some) s
-5 250 M
-( authentication state, it MUST disconnect if the user or service name) s
-5 239 M
-( changes.) s
-5 217 M
-( The service name specifies the service to start after authentication.) s
-5 206 M
-( There may be several different authenticated services provided. If) s
-5 195 M
-( the requested service is not available, the server MAY disconnect) s
-5 184 M
-( immediately or at any later time. Sending a proper disconnect) s
-5 173 M
-( message is RECOMMENDED. In any case, if the service does not exist,) s
-5 129 M
-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 4]) s
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-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
-5 690 M
-( authentication MUST NOT be accepted.) s
-5 668 M
-( If the requested user does not exist, the server MAY disconnect, or) s
-5 657 M
-( MAY send a bogus list of acceptable authentication methods, but never) s
-5 646 M
-( accept any. This makes it possible for the server to avoid) s
-5 635 M
-( disclosing information on which accounts exist. In any case, if the) s
-5 624 M
-( user does not exist, the authentication request MUST NOT be accepted.) s
-5 602 M
-( While there is usually little point for clients to send requests that) s
-5 591 M
-( the server does not list as acceptable, sending such requests is not) s
-5 580 M
-( an error, and the server SHOULD simply reject requests that it does) s
-5 569 M
-( not recognize.) s
-5 547 M
-( An authentication request MAY result in a further exchange of) s
-5 536 M
-( messages. All such messages depend on the authentication method) s
-5 525 M
-( used, and the client MAY at any time continue with a new) s
-5 514 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST message, in which case the server MUST) s
-5 503 M
-( abandon the previous authentication attempt and continue with the new) s
-5 492 M
-( one.) s
-5 470 M
-(3.1.2 Responses to Authentication Requests) s
-5 448 M
-( If the server rejects the authentication request, it MUST respond) s
-5 437 M
-( with the following:) s
-5 415 M
-( byte SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE) s
-5 404 M
-( string authentications that can continue) s
-5 393 M
-( boolean partial success) s
-5 371 M
-( "Authentications that can continue" is a comma-separated list of) s
-5 360 M
-( authentication method names that may productively continue the) s
-5 349 M
-( authentication dialog.) s
-5 327 M
-( It is RECOMMENDED that servers only include those methods in the list) s
-5 316 M
-( that are actually useful. However, it is not illegal to include) s
-5 305 M
-( methods that cannot be used to authenticate the user.) s
-5 283 M
-( Already successfully completed authentications SHOULD NOT be included) s
-5 272 M
-( in the list, unless they really should be performed again for some) s
-5 261 M
-( reason.) s
-5 239 M
-( "Partial success" MUST be TRUE if the authentication request to which) s
-5 228 M
-( this is a response was successful. It MUST be FALSE if the request) s
-5 217 M
-( was not successfully processed.) s
-5 195 M
-( When the server accepts authentication, it MUST respond with the) s
-5 184 M
-( following:) s
-5 129 M
-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 5]) s
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-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
-5 690 M
-( byte SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS) s
-5 668 M
-( Note that this is not sent after each step in a multi-method) s
-5 657 M
-( authentication sequence, but only when the authentication is) s
-5 646 M
-( complete.) s
-5 624 M
-( The client MAY send several authentication requests without waiting) s
-5 613 M
-( for responses from previous requests. The server MUST process each) s
-5 602 M
-( request completely and acknowledge any failed requests with a) s
-5 591 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE message before processing the next request.) s
-5 569 M
-( A request that results in further exchange of messages will be) s
-5 558 M
-( aborted by a second request. It is not possible to send a second) s
-5 547 M
-( request without waiting for a response from the server, if the first) s
-5 536 M
-( request will result in further exchange of messages. No) s
-5 525 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE message will be sent for the aborted method.) s
-5 503 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS MUST be sent only once. When) s
-5 492 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS has been sent, any further authentication) s
-5 481 M
-( requests received after that SHOULD be silently ignored.) s
-5 459 M
-( Any non-authentication messages sent by the client after the request) s
-5 448 M
-( that resulted in SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS being sent MUST be passed) s
-5 437 M
-( to the service being run on top of this protocol. Such messages can) s
-5 426 M
-( be identified by their message numbers \(see Section Message Numbers) s
-5 415 M
-( \(Section 3.2\)\).) s
-5 393 M
-(3.1.3 The "none" Authentication Request) s
-5 371 M
-( A client may request a list of authentication methods that may) s
-5 360 M
-( continue by using the "none" authentication method.) s
-5 338 M
-( If no authentication at all is needed for the user, the server MUST) s
-5 327 M
-( return SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS. Otherwise, the server MUST return) s
-5 316 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE and MAY return with it a list of) s
-5 305 M
-( authentication methods that can continue.) s
-5 283 M
-( This method MUST NOT be listed as supported by the server.) s
-5 261 M
-(3.1.4 Completion of User Authentication) s
-5 239 M
-( Authentication is complete when the server has responded with) s
-5 228 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS; all authentication related messages) s
-5 217 M
-( received after sending this message SHOULD be silently ignored.) s
-5 195 M
-( After sending SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS, the server starts the) s
-5 184 M
-( requested service.) s
-5 129 M
-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 6]) s
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-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
-5 690 M
-(3.1.5 Banner Message) s
-5 668 M
-( In some jurisdictions, sending a warning message before) s
-5 657 M
-( authentication may be relevant for getting legal protection. Many) s
-5 646 M
-( UNIX machines, for example, normally display text from `/etc/issue',) s
-5 635 M
-( or use "tcp wrappers" or similar software to display a banner before) s
-5 624 M
-( issuing a login prompt.) s
-5 602 M
-( The SSH server may send a SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER message at any time) s
-5 591 M
-( before authentication is successful. This message contains text to) s
-5 580 M
-( be displayed to the client user before authentication is attempted.) s
-5 569 M
-( The format is as follows:) s
-5 547 M
-( byte SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER) s
-5 536 M
-( string message \(ISO-10646 UTF-8\)) s
-5 525 M
-( string language tag \(as defined in [RFC3066]\)) s
-5 503 M
-( The client SHOULD by default display the message on the screen.) s
-5 492 M
-( However, since the message is likely to be sent for every login) s
-5 481 M
-( attempt, and since some client software will need to open a separate) s
-5 470 M
-( window for this warning, the client software may allow the user to) s
-5 459 M
-( explicitly disable the display of banners from the server. The) s
-5 448 M
-( message may consist of multiple lines.) s
-5 426 M
-( If the message string is displayed, control character filtering) s
-5 415 M
-( discussed in [SSH-ARCH] SHOULD be used to avoid attacks by sending) s
-5 404 M
-( terminal control characters.) s
-5 382 M
-(3.2 Authentication Protocol Message Numbers) s
-5 360 M
-( All message numbers used by this authentication protocol are in the) s
-5 349 M
-( range from 50 to 79, which is part of the range reserved for) s
-5 338 M
-( protocols running on top of the SSH transport layer protocol.) s
-5 316 M
-( Message numbers of 80 and higher are reserved for protocols running) s
-5 305 M
-( after this authentication protocol, so receiving one of them before) s
-5 294 M
-( authentication is complete is an error, to which the server MUST) s
-5 283 M
-( respond by disconnecting \(preferably with a proper disconnect message) s
-5 272 M
-( sent first to ease troubleshooting\).) s
-5 250 M
-( After successful authentication, such messages are passed to the) s
-5 239 M
-( higher-level service.) s
-5 217 M
-( These are the general authentication message codes:) s
-5 195 M
-( #define SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST 50) s
-5 184 M
-( #define SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE 51) s
-5 173 M
-( #define SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS 52) s
-5 129 M
-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 7]) s
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-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
-5 690 M
-( #define SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER 53) s
-5 668 M
-( In addition to the above, there is a range of message numbers) s
-5 657 M
-( \(60..79\) reserved for method-specific messages. These messages are) s
-5 646 M
-( only sent by the server \(client sends only SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST) s
-5 635 M
-( messages\). Different authentication methods reuse the same message) s
-5 624 M
-( numbers.) s
-5 602 M
-(3.3 Public Key Authentication Method: publickey) s
-5 580 M
-( The only REQUIRED authentication method is public key authentication.) s
-5 569 M
-( All implementations MUST support this method; however, not all users) s
-5 558 M
-( need to have public keys, and most local policies are not likely to) s
-5 547 M
-( require public key authentication for all users in the near future.) s
-5 525 M
-( With this method, the possession of a private key serves as) s
-5 514 M
-( authentication. This method works by sending a signature created) s
-5 503 M
-( with a private key of the user. The server MUST check that the key) s
-5 492 M
-( is a valid authenticator for the user, and MUST check that the) s
-5 481 M
-( signature is valid. If both hold, the authentication request MUST be) s
-5 470 M
-( accepted; otherwise it MUST be rejected. \(Note that the server MAY) s
-5 459 M
-( require additional authentications after successful authentication.\)) s
-5 437 M
-( Private keys are often stored in an encrypted form at the client) s
-5 426 M
-( host, and the user must supply a passphrase before the signature can) s
-5 415 M
-( be generated. Even if they are not, the signing operation involves) s
-5 404 M
-( some expensive computation. To avoid unnecessary processing and user) s
-5 393 M
-( interaction, the following message is provided for querying whether) s
-5 382 M
-( authentication using the key would be acceptable.) s
-5 360 M
-( byte SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST) s
-5 349 M
-( string user name) s
-5 338 M
-( string service) s
-5 327 M
-( string "publickey") s
-5 316 M
-( boolean FALSE) s
-5 305 M
-( string public key algorithm name) s
-5 294 M
-( string public key blob) s
-5 272 M
-( Public key algorithms are defined in the transport layer) s
-5 261 M
-( specification [SSH-TRANS]. The public key blob may contain) s
-5 250 M
-( certificates.) s
-5 228 M
-( Any public key algorithm may be offered for use in authentication.) s
-5 217 M
-( In particular, the list is not constrained by what was negotiated) s
-5 206 M
-( during key exchange. If the server does not support some algorithm,) s
-5 195 M
-( it MUST simply reject the request.) s
-5 173 M
-( The server MUST respond to this message with either) s
-5 129 M
-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 8]) s
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-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
-5 690 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE or with the following:) s
-5 668 M
-( byte SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK) s
-5 657 M
-( string public key algorithm name from the request) s
-5 646 M
-( string public key blob from the request) s
-5 624 M
-( To perform actual authentication, the client MAY then send a) s
-5 613 M
-( signature generated using the private key. The client MAY send the) s
-5 602 M
-( signature directly without first verifying whether the key is) s
-5 591 M
-( acceptable. The signature is sent using the following packet:) s
-5 569 M
-( byte SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST) s
-5 558 M
-( string user name) s
-5 547 M
-( string service) s
-5 536 M
-( string "publickey") s
-5 525 M
-( boolean TRUE) s
-5 514 M
-( string public key algorithm name) s
-5 503 M
-( string public key to be used for authentication) s
-5 492 M
-( string signature) s
-5 470 M
-( Signature is a signature by the corresponding private key over the) s
-5 459 M
-( following data, in the following order:) s
-5 437 M
-( string session identifier) s
-5 426 M
-( byte SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST) s
-5 415 M
-( string user name) s
-5 404 M
-( string service) s
-5 393 M
-( string "publickey") s
-5 382 M
-( boolean TRUE) s
-5 371 M
-( string public key algorithm name) s
-5 360 M
-( string public key to be used for authentication) s
-5 338 M
-( When the server receives this message, it MUST check whether the) s
-5 327 M
-( supplied key is acceptable for authentication, and if so, it MUST) s
-5 316 M
-( check whether the signature is correct.) s
-5 294 M
-( If both checks succeed, this method is successful. Note that the) s
-5 283 M
-( server may require additional authentications. The server MUST) s
-5 272 M
-( respond with SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS \(if no more authentications are) s
-5 261 M
-( needed\), or SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE \(if the request failed, or more) s
-5 250 M
-( authentications are needed\).) s
-5 228 M
-( The following method-specific message numbers are used by the) s
-5 217 M
-( publickey authentication method.) s
-5 195 M
-( /* Key-based */) s
-5 184 M
-( #define SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK 60) s
-5 129 M
-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 9]) s
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-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
-5 690 M
-(3.4 Password Authentication Method: password) s
-5 668 M
-( Password authentication uses the following packets. Note that a) s
-5 657 M
-( server MAY request the user to change the password. All) s
-5 646 M
-( implementations SHOULD support password authentication.) s
-5 624 M
-( byte SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST) s
-5 613 M
-( string user name) s
-5 602 M
-( string service) s
-5 591 M
-( string "password") s
-5 580 M
-( boolean FALSE) s
-5 569 M
-( string plaintext password \(ISO-10646 UTF-8\)) s
-5 547 M
-( Note that the password is encoded in ISO-10646 UTF-8. It is up to) s
-5 536 M
-( the server how it interprets the password and validates it against) s
-5 525 M
-( the password database. However, if the client reads the password in) s
-5 514 M
-( some other encoding \(e.g., ISO 8859-1 \(ISO Latin1\)\), it MUST convert) s
-5 503 M
-( the password to ISO-10646 UTF-8 before transmitting, and the server) s
-5 492 M
-( MUST convert the password to the encoding used on that system for) s
-5 481 M
-( passwords.) s
-5 459 M
-( Note that even though the cleartext password is transmitted in the) s
-5 448 M
-( packet, the entire packet is encrypted by the transport layer. Both) s
-5 437 M
-( the server and the client should check whether the underlying) s
-5 426 M
-( transport layer provides confidentiality \(i.e., if encryption is) s
-5 415 M
-( being used\). If no confidentiality is provided \(none cipher\),) s
-5 404 M
-( password authentication SHOULD be disabled. If there is no) s
-5 393 M
-( confidentiality or no MAC, password change SHOULD be disabled.) s
-5 371 M
-( Normally, the server responds to this message with success or) s
-5 360 M
-( failure. However, if the password has expired the server SHOULD) s
-5 349 M
-( indicate this by responding with SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ.) s
-5 338 M
-( In anycase the server MUST NOT allow an expired password to be used) s
-5 327 M
-( for authentication.) s
-5 305 M
-( byte SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ) s
-5 294 M
-( string prompt \(ISO-10646 UTF-8\)) s
-5 283 M
-( string language tag \(as defined in [RFC3066]\)) s
-5 261 M
-( In this case, the client MAY continue with a different authentication) s
-5 250 M
-( method, or request a new password from the user and retry password) s
-5 239 M
-( authentication using the following message. The client MAY also send) s
-5 228 M
-( this message instead of the normal password authentication request) s
-5 217 M
-( without the server asking for it.) s
-5 195 M
-( byte SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST) s
-5 184 M
-( string user name) s
-5 173 M
-( string service) s
-5 129 M
-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 10]) s
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-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
-5 690 M
-( string "password") s
-5 679 M
-( boolean TRUE) s
-5 668 M
-( string plaintext old password \(ISO-10646 UTF-8\)) s
-5 657 M
-( string plaintext new password \(ISO-10646 UTF-8\)) s
-5 635 M
-( The server must reply to request message with) s
-5 624 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS, SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE, or another) s
-5 613 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ. The meaning of these is as) s
-5 602 M
-( follows:) s
-5 580 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS The password has been changed, and) s
-5 569 M
-( authentication has been successfully completed.) s
-5 547 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE with partial success The password has) s
-5 536 M
-( been changed, but more authentications are needed.) s
-5 514 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE without partial success The password has) s
-5 503 M
-( not been changed. Either password changing was not supported, or) s
-5 492 M
-( the old password was bad. Note that if the server has already) s
-5 481 M
-( sent SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ, we know that it supports) s
-5 470 M
-( changing the password.) s
-5 448 M
-( SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_CHANGEREQ The password was not changed because) s
-5 437 M
-( the new password was not acceptable \(e.g. too easy to guess\).) s
-5 415 M
-( The following method-specific message numbers are used by the) s
-5 404 M
-( password authentication method.) s
-5 382 M
-( #define SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ 60) s
-5 349 M
-(3.5 Host-Based Authentication: hostbased) s
-5 327 M
-( Some sites wish to allow authentication based on the host where the) s
-5 316 M
-( user is coming from, and the user name on the remote host. While) s
-5 305 M
-( this form of authentication is not suitable for high-security sites,) s
-5 294 M
-( it can be very convenient in many environments. This form of) s
-5 283 M
-( authentication is OPTIONAL. When used, special care SHOULD be taken) s
-5 272 M
-( to prevent a regular user from obtaining the private host key.) s
-5 250 M
-( The client requests this form of authentication by sending the) s
-5 239 M
-( following message. It is similar to the UNIX "rhosts" and) s
-5 228 M
-( "hosts.equiv" styles of authentication, except that the identity of) s
-5 217 M
-( the client host is checked more rigorously.) s
-5 195 M
-( This method works by having the client send a signature created with) s
-5 184 M
-( the private key of the client host, which the server checks with that) s
-5 173 M
-( host's public key. Once the client host's identity is established,) s
-5 129 M
-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 11]) s
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-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
-5 690 M
-( authorization \(but no further authentication\) is performed based on) s
-5 679 M
-( the user names on the server and the client, and the client host) s
-5 668 M
-( name.) s
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-( byte SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST) s
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-( string user name) s
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-( string service) s
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-( string "hostbased") s
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-( string public key algorithm for host key) s
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-( string public host key and certificates for client host) s
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-( string client host name \(FQDN; US-ASCII\)) s
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-( string user name on the client host \(ISO-10646 UTF-8\)) s
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-( string signature) s
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-( Public key algorithm names for use in "public key algorithm for host) s
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-( key" are defined in the transport layer specification. The "public) s
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-( host key for client host" may include certificates.) s
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-( Signature is a signature with the private host key of the following) s
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-( data, in this order:) s
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-( string session identifier) s
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-( byte SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST) s
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-( string user name) s
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-( string service) s
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-( string "hostbased") s
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-( string public key algorithm for host key) s
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-( string public host key and certificates for client host) s
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-( string client host name \(FQDN; US-ASCII\)) s
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-( string user name on the client host\(ISO-10646 UTF-8\)) s
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-( The server MUST verify that the host key actually belongs to the) s
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-( client host named in the message, that the given user on that host is) s
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-( allowed to log in, and that the signature is a valid signature on the) s
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-( appropriate value by the given host key. The server MAY ignore the) s
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-( client user name, if it wants to authenticate only the client host.) s
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-( It is RECOMMENDED that whenever possible, the server perform) s
-5 272 M
-( additional checks to verify that the network address obtained from) s
-5 261 M
-( the \(untrusted\) network matches the given client host name. This) s
-5 250 M
-( makes exploiting compromised host keys more difficult. Note that) s
-5 239 M
-( this may require special handling for connections coming through a) s
-5 228 M
-( firewall.) s
-5 206 M
-(4. Security Considerations) s
-5 184 M
-( The purpose of this protocol is to perform client user) s
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-( authentication. It assumed that this runs over a secure transport) s
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-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 12]) s
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-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
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-( layer protocol, which has already authenticated the server machine,) s
-5 679 M
-( established an encrypted communications channel, and computed a) s
-5 668 M
-( unique session identifier for this session. The transport layer) s
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-( provides forward secrecy for password authentication and other) s
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-( methods that rely on secret data.) s
-5 624 M
-( Full security considerations for this protocol are provided in) s
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-( Section 8 of [SSH-ARCH]) s
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-(Normative) s
-5 569 M
-( [SSH-ARCH]) s
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-( Ylonen, T., "SSH Protocol Architecture", I-D) s
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-( draft-ietf-architecture-15.txt, Oct 2003.) s
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-( [SSH-TRANS]) s
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-( Ylonen, T., "SSH Transport Layer Protocol", I-D) s
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-( draft-ietf-transport-17.txt, Oct 2003.) s
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-( [SSH-USERAUTH]) s
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-( Ylonen, T., "SSH Authentication Protocol", I-D) s
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-( draft-ietf-userauth-18.txt, Oct 2003.) s
-5 437 M
-( [SSH-CONNECT]) s
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-( Ylonen, T., "SSH Connection Protocol", I-D) s
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-( draft-ietf-connect-18.txt, Oct 2003.) s
-5 393 M
-( [SSH-NUMBERS]) s
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-( Lehtinen, S. and D. Moffat, "SSH Protocol Assigned) s
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-( Numbers", I-D draft-ietf-secsh-assignednumbers-05.txt, Oct) s
-5 360 M
-( 2003.) s
-5 338 M
-( [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate) s
-5 327 M
-( Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.) s
-5 305 M
-(Informative) s
-5 283 M
-( [RFC3066] Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of) s
-5 272 M
-( Languages", BCP 47, RFC 3066, January 2001.) s
-5 250 M
-( [RFC2279] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO) s
-5 239 M
-( 10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.) s
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-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 13]) s
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-5 723 M
-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
-5 690 M
-(Authors' Addresses) s
-5 668 M
-( Tatu Ylonen) s
-5 657 M
-( SSH Communications Security Corp) s
-5 646 M
-( Fredrikinkatu 42) s
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-( HELSINKI FIN-00100) s
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-( Finland) s
-5 602 M
-( EMail: [email protected]) s
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-( Darren J. Moffat \(editor\)) s
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-( Sun Microsystems, Inc) s
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-( 17 Network Circle) s
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-( Menlo Park 95025) s
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-( USA) s
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-( EMail: [email protected]) s
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-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 14]) s
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-userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto
- 595.000000 0 rlineto 0 842.000000 rlineto -595.000000 0 rlineto
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-/showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def
-PStoPSxform concat
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-5 723 M
-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
-5 690 M
-(Intellectual Property Statement) s
-5 668 M
-( The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any) s
-5 657 M
-( intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to) s
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-( pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in) s
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-( this document or the extent to which any license under such rights) s
-5 624 M
-( might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it) s
-5 613 M
-( has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the) s
-5 602 M
-( IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and) s
-5 591 M
-( standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of) s
-5 580 M
-( claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of) s
-5 569 M
-( licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to) s
-5 558 M
-( obtain a general license or permission for the use of such) s
-5 547 M
-( proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can) s
-5 536 M
-( be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.) s
-5 514 M
-( The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any) s
-5 503 M
-( copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary) s
-5 492 M
-( rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice) s
-5 481 M
-( this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive) s
-5 470 M
-( Director.) s
-5 448 M
-( The IETF has been notified of intellectual property rights claimed in) s
-5 437 M
-( regard to some or all of the specification contained in this) s
-5 426 M
-( document. For more information consult the online list of claimed) s
-5 415 M
-( rights.) s
-5 382 M
-(Full Copyright Statement) s
-5 360 M
-( Copyright \(C\) The Internet Society \(2002\). All Rights Reserved.) s
-5 338 M
-( This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to) s
-5 327 M
-( others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it) s
-5 316 M
-( or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published) s
-5 305 M
-( and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any) s
-5 294 M
-( kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are) s
-5 283 M
-( included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this) s
-5 272 M
-( document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing) s
-5 261 M
-( the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other) s
-5 250 M
-( Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of) s
-5 239 M
-( developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for) s
-5 228 M
-( copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be) s
-5 217 M
-( followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than) s
-5 206 M
-( English.) s
-5 184 M
-( The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be) s
-5 173 M
-( revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assignees.) s
-5 129 M
-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 15]) s
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-5 723 M
-(Internet-Draft SSH Authentication Protocol September 2002) s
-5 690 M
-( This document and the information contained herein is provided on an) s
-5 679 M
-( "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING) s
-5 668 M
-( TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING) s
-5 657 M
-( BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION) s
-5 646 M
-( HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF) s
-5 635 M
-( MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.) s
-5 602 M
-(Acknowledgment) s
-5 580 M
-( Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the) s
-5 569 M
-( Internet Society.) s
-5 129 M
-(Ylonen & Moffat Expires March 2, 2003 [Page 16]) s
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-%%EOF
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