diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'lib/ssh/src/ssh_transport.erl')
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/ssh/src/ssh_transport.erl | 266 |
1 files changed, 82 insertions, 184 deletions
diff --git a/lib/ssh/src/ssh_transport.erl b/lib/ssh/src/ssh_transport.erl index de3e29e2f1..6140c87f6e 100644 --- a/lib/ssh/src/ssh_transport.erl +++ b/lib/ssh/src/ssh_transport.erl @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %% %% %CopyrightBegin% %% -%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2004-2011. All Rights Reserved. +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2004-2012. All Rights Reserved. %% %% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, %% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -23,10 +23,11 @@ -module(ssh_transport). --include("ssh_transport.hrl"). +-include_lib("public_key/include/public_key.hrl"). +-include_lib("kernel/include/inet.hrl"). +-include("ssh_transport.hrl"). -include("ssh.hrl"). --include_lib("kernel/include/inet.hrl"). -export([connect/5, accept/4]). -export([versions/2, hello_version_msg/1]). @@ -38,17 +39,8 @@ handle_kex_dh_gex_group/2, handle_kex_dh_gex_reply/2, handle_new_keys/2, handle_kex_dh_gex_request/2, handle_kexdh_reply/2, - unpack/3, decompress/2, ssh_packet/2, pack/2, msg_data/1]). - -%% debug flagso --define(DBG_ALG, true). --define(DBG_KEX, true). --define(DBG_CRYPTO, false). --define(DBG_PACKET, false). --define(DBG_MESSAGE, true). --define(DBG_BIN_MESSAGE, true). --define(DBG_MAC, false). --define(DBG_ZLIB, true). + unpack/3, decompress/2, ssh_packet/2, pack/2, msg_data/1, + sign/3, verify/4]). versions(client, Options)-> Vsn = proplists:get_value(vsn, Options, ?DEFAULT_CLIENT_VERSION), @@ -212,24 +204,24 @@ key_exchange_init_msg(Ssh0) -> {SshPacket, Ssh} = ssh_packet(Msg, Ssh0), {Msg, SshPacket, Ssh}. -kex_init(#ssh{role = Role, opts = Opts}) -> +kex_init(#ssh{role = Role, opts = Opts, available_host_keys = HostKeyAlgs}) -> Random = ssh_bits:random(16), Compression = case proplists:get_value(compression, Opts, none) of zlib -> ["zlib", "none"]; none -> ["none", "zlib"] end, - kexinit_messsage(Role, Random, Compression). + kexinit_messsage(Role, Random, Compression, HostKeyAlgs). key_init(client, Ssh, Value) -> Ssh#ssh{c_keyinit = Value}; key_init(server, Ssh, Value) -> Ssh#ssh{s_keyinit = Value}. -kexinit_messsage(client, Random, Compression) -> +kexinit_messsage(client, Random, Compression, HostKeyAlgs) -> #ssh_msg_kexinit{ cookie = Random, kex_algorithms = ["diffie-hellman-group1-sha1"], - server_host_key_algorithms = ["ssh-rsa", "ssh-dss"], + server_host_key_algorithms = HostKeyAlgs, encryption_algorithms_client_to_server = ["aes128-cbc","3des-cbc"], encryption_algorithms_server_to_client = ["aes128-cbc","3des-cbc"], mac_algorithms_client_to_server = ["hmac-sha1"], @@ -240,11 +232,11 @@ kexinit_messsage(client, Random, Compression) -> languages_server_to_client = [] }; -kexinit_messsage(server, Random, Compression) -> +kexinit_messsage(server, Random, Compression, HostKeyAlgs) -> #ssh_msg_kexinit{ cookie = Random, kex_algorithms = ["diffie-hellman-group1-sha1"], - server_host_key_algorithms = ["ssh-dss"], + server_host_key_algorithms = HostKeyAlgs, encryption_algorithms_client_to_server = ["aes128-cbc","3des-cbc"], encryption_algorithms_server_to_client = ["aes128-cbc","3des-cbc"], mac_algorithms_client_to_server = ["hmac-sha1"], @@ -300,7 +292,6 @@ install_messages('diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1') -> key_exchange_first_msg('diffie-hellman-group1-sha1', Ssh0) -> {G, P} = dh_group1(), {Private, Public} = dh_gen_key(G, P, 1024), - %%?dbg(?DBG_KEX, "public: ~p~n", [Public]), {SshPacket, Ssh1} = ssh_packet(#ssh_msg_kexdh_init{e = Public}, Ssh0), {ok, SshPacket, Ssh1#ssh{keyex_key = {{Private, Public}, {G, P}}}}; @@ -320,7 +311,6 @@ key_exchange_first_msg('diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1', Ssh0) -> handle_kexdh_init(#ssh_msg_kexdh_init{e = E}, Ssh0) -> {G, P} = dh_group1(), {Private, Public} = dh_gen_key(G, P, 1024), - %%?dbg(?DBG_KEX, "public: ~p~n", [Public]), K = ssh_math:ipow(E, Private, P), {Key, K_S} = get_host_key(Ssh0), H = kex_h(Ssh0, K_S, E, Public, K), @@ -329,8 +319,7 @@ handle_kexdh_init(#ssh_msg_kexdh_init{e = E}, Ssh0) -> f = Public, h_sig = H_SIG }, Ssh0), - %%?dbg(?DBG_KEX, "shared_secret: ~s ~n", [fmt_binary(K, 16, 4)]), - %%?dbg(?DBG_KEX, "hash: ~s ~n", [fmt_binary(H, 16, 4)]), + {ok, SshPacket, Ssh1#ssh{keyex_key = {{Private, Public}, {G, P}}, shared_secret = K, exchanged_hash = H, @@ -338,7 +327,6 @@ handle_kexdh_init(#ssh_msg_kexdh_init{e = E}, Ssh0) -> handle_kex_dh_gex_group(#ssh_msg_kex_dh_gex_group{p = P, g = G}, Ssh0) -> {Private, Public} = dh_gen_key(G,P,1024), - %%?dbg(?DBG_KEX, "public: ~p ~n", [Public]), {SshPacket, Ssh1} = ssh_packet(#ssh_msg_kex_dh_gex_init{e = Public}, Ssh0), {ok, SshPacket, @@ -362,8 +350,7 @@ handle_kexdh_reply(#ssh_msg_kexdh_reply{public_host_key = HostKey, f = F, #ssh{keyex_key = {{Private, Public}, {_G, P}}} = Ssh0) -> K = ssh_math:ipow(F, Private, P), H = kex_h(Ssh0, HostKey, Public, F, K), - %%?dbg(?DBG_KEX, "shared_secret: ~s ~n", [fmt_binary(K, 16, 4)]), - %%?dbg(?DBG_KEX, "hash: ~s ~n", [fmt_binary(H, 16, 4)]), + case verify_host_key(Ssh0, HostKey, H, H_SIG) of ok -> {SshPacket, Ssh} = ssh_packet(#ssh_msg_newkeys{}, Ssh0), @@ -396,8 +383,7 @@ handle_kex_dh_gex_reply(#ssh_msg_kex_dh_gex_reply{public_host_key = HostKey, Ssh0) -> K = ssh_math:ipow(F, Private, P), H = kex_h(Ssh0, HostKey, Min, NBits, Max, P, G, Public, F, K), - %%?dbg(?DBG_KEX, "shared_secret: ~s ~n", [fmt_binary(K, 16, 4)]), - %%?dbg(?DBG_KEX, "hash: ~s ~n", [fmt_binary(H, 16, 4)]), + case verify_host_key(Ssh0, HostKey, H, H_SIG) of ok -> {SshPacket, Ssh} = ssh_packet(#ssh_msg_newkeys{}, Ssh0), @@ -423,83 +409,68 @@ sid(#ssh{session_id = Id}, _) -> %% get_host_key(SSH) -> #ssh{key_cb = Mod, opts = Opts, algorithms = ALG} = SSH, - Scope = proplists:get_value(key_scope, Opts, system), - case ALG#alg.hkey of - 'ssh-rsa' -> - case Mod:private_host_rsa_key(Scope, Opts) of - {ok,Key=#ssh_key { public={N,E}} } -> - %%?dbg(true, "x~n", []), - {Key, - ssh_bits:encode(["ssh-rsa",E,N],[string,mpint,mpint])}; - Error -> - %%?dbg(true, "y~n", []), - exit(Error) - end; - 'ssh-dss' -> - case Mod:private_host_dsa_key(Scope, Opts) of - {ok,Key=#ssh_key { public={P,Q,G,Y}}} -> - {Key, ssh_bits:encode(["ssh-dss",P,Q,G,Y], - [string,mpint,mpint,mpint,mpint])}; - Error -> - exit(Error) - end; - _ -> - exit({error, bad_key_type}) + + case Mod:host_key(ALG#alg.hkey, Opts) of + {ok, #'RSAPrivateKey'{modulus = N, publicExponent = E} = Key} -> + {Key, + ssh_bits:encode(["ssh-rsa",E,N],[string,mpint,mpint])}; + {ok, #'DSAPrivateKey'{y = Y, p = P, q = Q, g = G} = Key} -> + {Key, ssh_bits:encode(["ssh-dss",P,Q,G,Y], + [string,mpint,mpint,mpint,mpint])}; + Result -> + exit({error, {Result, unsupported_key_type}}) end. -sign_host_key(Ssh, Private, H) -> - ALG = Ssh#ssh.algorithms, - Module = case ALG#alg.hkey of - 'ssh-rsa' -> - ssh_rsa; - 'ssh-dss' -> - ssh_dsa - end, - case catch Module:sign(Private, H) of - {'EXIT', Reason} -> - error_logger:format("SIGN FAILED: ~p\n", [Reason]), - {error, Reason}; - SIG -> - ssh_bits:encode([Module:alg_name() ,SIG],[string,binary]) - end. +sign_host_key(_Ssh, #'RSAPrivateKey'{} = Private, H) -> + Hash = sha, %% Option ?! + Signature = sign(H, Hash, Private), + ssh_bits:encode(["ssh-rsa", Signature],[string, binary]); +sign_host_key(_Ssh, #'DSAPrivateKey'{} = Private, H) -> + Hash = sha, %% Option ?! + RawSignature = sign(H, Hash, Private), + ssh_bits:encode(["ssh-dss", RawSignature],[string, binary]). verify_host_key(SSH, K_S, H, H_SIG) -> ALG = SSH#ssh.algorithms, case ALG#alg.hkey of 'ssh-rsa' -> - case ssh_bits:decode(K_S,[string,mpint,mpint]) of - ["ssh-rsa", E, N] -> - ["ssh-rsa",SIG] = ssh_bits:decode(H_SIG,[string,binary]), - Public = #ssh_key { type=rsa, public={N,E} }, - case catch ssh_rsa:verify(Public, H, SIG) of - {'EXIT', Reason} -> - error_logger:format("VERIFY FAILED: ~p\n", [Reason]), - {error, bad_signature}; - ok -> - known_host_key(SSH, Public, "ssh-rsa") - end; - _ -> - {error, bad_format} - end; + verify_host_key_rsa(SSH, K_S, H, H_SIG); 'ssh-dss' -> - case ssh_bits:decode(K_S,[string,mpint,mpint,mpint,mpint]) of - ["ssh-dss",P,Q,G,Y] -> - ["ssh-dss",SIG] = ssh_bits:decode(H_SIG,[string,binary]), - Public = #ssh_key { type=dsa, public={P,Q,G,Y} }, - case catch ssh_dsa:verify(Public, H, SIG) of - {'EXIT', Reason} -> - error_logger:format("VERIFY FAILED: ~p\n", [Reason]), - {error, bad_signature}; - ok -> - known_host_key(SSH, Public, "ssh-dss") - end; - _ -> - {error, bad_host_key_format} - end; + verify_host_key_dss(SSH, K_S, H, H_SIG); _ -> {error, bad_host_key_algorithm} end. +verify_host_key_rsa(SSH, K_S, H, H_SIG) -> + case ssh_bits:decode(K_S,[string,mpint,mpint]) of + ["ssh-rsa", E, N] -> + ["ssh-rsa",SIG] = ssh_bits:decode(H_SIG,[string,binary]), + Public = #'RSAPublicKey'{publicExponent = E, modulus = N}, + case verify(H, sha, SIG, Public) of + false -> + {error, bad_signature}; + true -> + known_host_key(SSH, Public, "ssh-rsa") + end; + _ -> + {error, bad_format} + end. + +verify_host_key_dss(SSH, K_S, H, H_SIG) -> + case ssh_bits:decode(K_S,[string,mpint,mpint,mpint,mpint]) of + ["ssh-dss",P,Q,G,Y] -> + ["ssh-dss",SIG] = ssh_bits:decode(H_SIG,[string,binary]), + Public = {Y, #'Dss-Parms'{p = P, q = Q, g = G}}, + case verify(H, sha, SIG, Public) of + false -> + {error, bad_signature}; + true -> + known_host_key(SSH, Public, "ssh-dss") + end; + _ -> + {error, bad_host_key_format} + end. + accepted_host(Ssh, PeerName, Opts) -> case proplists:get_value(silently_accept_hosts, Opts, false) of true -> @@ -511,14 +482,10 @@ accepted_host(Ssh, PeerName, Opts) -> known_host_key(#ssh{opts = Opts, key_cb = Mod, peer = Peer} = Ssh, Public, Alg) -> PeerName = peer_name(Peer), - case Mod:lookup_host_key(PeerName, Alg, Opts) of - {ok, Public} -> + case Mod:is_host_key(Public, PeerName, Alg, Opts) of + true -> ok; - {ok, BadPublic} -> - error_logger:format("known_host_key: Public ~p BadPublic ~p\n", - [Public, BadPublic]), - {error, bad_public_key}; - {error, not_found} -> + false -> case accepted_host(Ssh, PeerName, Opts) of yes -> Mod:add_host_key(PeerName, Public, Opts); @@ -621,7 +588,6 @@ install_alg(SSH) -> alg_setup(SSH) -> ALG = SSH#ssh.algorithms, - %%?dbg(?DBG_ALG, "ALG: setup ~p ~n", [ALG]), SSH#ssh{kex = ALG#alg.kex, hkey = ALG#alg.hkey, encrypt = ALG#alg.encrypt, @@ -638,7 +604,6 @@ alg_setup(SSH) -> }. alg_init(SSH0) -> - %%?dbg(?DBG_ALG, "ALG: init~n", []), {ok,SSH1} = send_mac_init(SSH0), {ok,SSH2} = recv_mac_init(SSH1), {ok,SSH3} = encrypt_init(SSH2), @@ -648,7 +613,6 @@ alg_init(SSH0) -> SSH6. alg_final(SSH0) -> - %%?dbg(?DBG_ALG, "ALG: final ~n", []), {ok,SSH1} = send_mac_final(SSH0), {ok,SSH2} = recv_mac_final(SSH1), {ok,SSH3} = encrypt_final(SSH2), @@ -669,19 +633,15 @@ select(CL, SL) -> [] -> undefined; [ALG|_] -> ALG end, - %%?dbg(?DBG_ALG, "ALG: select: ~p ~p = ~p~n", [CL, SL, C]), C. ssh_packet(#ssh_msg_kexinit{} = Msg, Ssh0) -> BinMsg = ssh_bits:encode(Msg), Ssh = key_init(Ssh0#ssh.role, Ssh0, BinMsg), - %%?dbg(?DBG_MESSAGE, "SEND_MSG: ~p~n", [Msg]), pack(BinMsg, Ssh); ssh_packet(Msg, Ssh) -> BinMsg = ssh_bits:encode(Msg), - %%?dbg(?DBG_MESSAGE, "SEND_MSG: ~p~n", [Msg]), - %%?dbg(?DBG_BIN_MESSAGE, "Encoded: ~p~n", [BinMsg]), pack(BinMsg, Ssh). pack(Data0, #ssh{encrypt_block_size = BlockSize, @@ -732,17 +692,20 @@ msg_data(PacketData) -> _:PaddingLen/binary>> = PacketData, Data. +sign(SigData, Hash, #'DSAPrivateKey'{} = Key) -> + DerSignature = public_key:sign(SigData, Hash, Key), + #'Dss-Sig-Value'{r = R, s = S} = public_key:der_decode('Dss-Sig-Value', DerSignature), + <<R:160/big-unsigned-integer, S:160/big-unsigned-integer>>; +sign(SigData, Hash, Key) -> + public_key:sign(SigData, Hash, Key). -%% Send a disconnect message -%% terminate(S, SSH, Code, Message) -> -%% M = #ssh_msg_disconnect{code=Code, -%% description = Message, -%% language = "en"}, -%% send_msg(S, SSH, M), -%% gen_tcp:close(S), -%% {error, M}. +verify(PlainText, Hash, Sig, {_, #'Dss-Parms'{}} = Key) -> + <<R:160/big-unsigned-integer, S:160/big-unsigned-integer>> = Sig, + Signature = public_key:der_encode('Dss-Sig-Value', #'Dss-Sig-Value'{r = R, s = S}), + public_key:verify(PlainText, Hash, Signature, Key); +verify(PlainText, Hash, Sig, Key) -> + public_key:verify(PlainText, Hash, Sig, Key). - %% public key algorithms %% %% ssh-dss REQUIRED sign Raw DSS Key @@ -761,9 +724,6 @@ msg_data(PacketData) -> %% %% - - - %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% Encryption %% @@ -833,19 +793,13 @@ encrypt(#ssh{encrypt = none} = Ssh, Data) -> encrypt(#ssh{encrypt = '3des-cbc', encrypt_keys = {K1,K2,K3}, encrypt_ctx = IV0} = Ssh, Data) -> - %%?dbg(?DBG_CRYPTO, "encrypt: IV=~p K1=~p, K2=~p, K3=~p ~n", - %% [IV0,K1,K2,K3]), Enc = crypto:des3_cbc_encrypt(K1,K2,K3,IV0,Data), - %%?dbg(?DBG_CRYPTO, "encrypt: ~p -> ~p ~n", [Data, Enc]), IV = crypto:des_cbc_ivec(Enc), {Ssh#ssh{encrypt_ctx = IV}, Enc}; encrypt(#ssh{encrypt = 'aes128-cbc', encrypt_keys = K, encrypt_ctx = IV0} = Ssh, Data) -> - %%?dbg(?DBG_CRYPTO, "encrypt: IV=~p K=~p ~n", - %% [IV0,K]), Enc = crypto:aes_cbc_128_encrypt(K,IV0,Data), - %%?dbg(?DBG_CRYPTO, "encrypt: ~p -> ~p ~n", [Data, Enc]), IV = crypto:aes_cbc_ivec(Enc), {Ssh#ssh{encrypt_ctx = IV}, Enc}. @@ -893,18 +847,12 @@ decrypt(#ssh{decrypt = none} = Ssh, Data) -> decrypt(#ssh{decrypt = '3des-cbc', decrypt_keys = Keys, decrypt_ctx = IV0} = Ssh, Data) -> {K1, K2, K3} = Keys, - %%?dbg(?DBG_CRYPTO, "decrypt: IV=~p K1=~p, K2=~p, K3=~p ~n", - %%[IV0,K1,K2,K3]), Dec = crypto:des3_cbc_decrypt(K1,K2,K3,IV0,Data), - %%?dbg(?DBG_CRYPTO, "decrypt: ~p -> ~p ~n", [Data, Dec]), IV = crypto:des_cbc_ivec(Data), {Ssh#ssh{decrypt_ctx = IV}, Dec}; decrypt(#ssh{decrypt = 'aes128-cbc', decrypt_keys = Key, decrypt_ctx = IV0} = Ssh, Data) -> - %%?dbg(?DBG_CRYPTO, "decrypt: IV=~p Key=~p ~n", - %% [IV0,Key]), Dec = crypto:aes_cbc_128_decrypt(Key,IV0,Data), - %%?dbg(?DBG_CRYPTO, "decrypt: ~p -> ~p ~n", [Data, Dec]), IV = crypto:aes_cbc_ivec(Data), {Ssh#ssh{decrypt_ctx = IV}, Dec}. @@ -936,7 +884,6 @@ compress(#ssh{compress = none} = Ssh, Data) -> {Ssh, Data}; compress(#ssh{compress = zlib, compress_ctx = Context} = Ssh, Data) -> Compressed = zlib:deflate(Context, Data, sync), - %%?dbg(?DBG_ZLIB, "deflate: ~p -> ~p ~n", [Data, Compressed]), {Ssh, list_to_binary(Compressed)}. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @@ -960,7 +907,6 @@ decompress(#ssh{decompress = none} = Ssh, Data) -> {Ssh, Data}; decompress(#ssh{decompress = zlib, decompress_ctx = Context} = Ssh, Data) -> Decompressed = zlib:inflate(Context, Data), - %%?dbg(?DBG_ZLIB, "inflate: ~p -> ~p ~n", [Data, Decompressed]), {Ssh, list_to_binary(Decompressed)}. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @@ -1039,7 +985,6 @@ hash(SSH, Char, N, HASH) -> K1 = HASH([K, H, Char, SessionID]), Sz = N div 8, <<Key:Sz/binary, _/binary>> = hash(K, H, K1, N-128, HASH), - %%?dbg(?DBG_KEX, "Key ~s: ~s ~n", [Char, fmt_binary(Key, 16, 4)]), Key. hash(_K, _H, Ki, N, _HASH) when N =< 0 -> @@ -1055,6 +1000,7 @@ kex_h(SSH, K_S, E, F, K) -> [string,string,binary,binary,binary, mpint,mpint,mpint]), crypto:sha(L). + kex_h(SSH, K_S, Min, NBits, Max, Prime, Gen, E, F, K) -> L = if Min==-1; Max==-1 -> @@ -1075,7 +1021,7 @@ kex_h(SSH, K_S, Min, NBits, Max, Prime, Gen, E, F, K) -> Prime, Gen, E,F,K], Ts) end, crypto:sha(L). - + mac_key_size('hmac-sha1') -> 20*8; mac_key_size('hmac-sha1-96') -> 20*8; mac_key_size('hmac-md5') -> 16*8; @@ -1105,9 +1051,6 @@ dh_gen_key(G, P, _Bits) -> Public = ssh_math:ipow(G, Private, P), {Private,Public}. -%% trim(Str) -> -%% lists:reverse(trim_head(lists:reverse(trim_head(Str)))). - trim_tail(Str) -> lists:reverse(trim_head(lists:reverse(Str))). @@ -1116,48 +1059,3 @@ trim_head([$\t|Cs]) -> trim_head(Cs); trim_head([$\n|Cs]) -> trim_head(Cs); trim_head([$\r|Cs]) -> trim_head(Cs); trim_head(Cs) -> Cs. - -%% Retrieve session_id from ssh, needed by public-key auth -%get_session_id(SSH) -> -% {ok, SessionID} = call(SSH, get_session_id), - -%% DEBUG utils -%% Format integers and binaries as hex blocks -%% -%% -ifdef(debug). -%% fmt_binary(B, BlockSize, GroupSize) -> -%% fmt_block(fmt_bin(B), BlockSize, GroupSize). - -%% fmt_block(Bin, BlockSize, GroupSize) -> -%% fmt_block(Bin, BlockSize, 0, GroupSize). - - -%% fmt_block(Bin, 0, _I, _G) -> -%% binary_to_list(Bin); -%% fmt_block(Bin, Sz, G, G) when G =/= 0 -> -%% ["~n#" | fmt_block(Bin, Sz, 0, G)]; -%% fmt_block(Bin, Sz, I, G) -> -%% case Bin of -%% <<Block:Sz/binary, Tail/binary>> -> -%% if Tail == <<>> -> -%% [binary_to_list(Block)]; -%% true -> -%% [binary_to_list(Block), " " | fmt_block(Tail, Sz, I+1, G)] -%% end; -%% <<>> -> -%% []; -%% _ -> -%% [binary_to_list(Bin)] -%% end. - -%% %% Format integer or binary as hex -%% fmt_bin(X) when integer(X) -> -%% list_to_binary(io_lib:format("~p", [X])); -%% fmt_bin(X) when binary(X) -> -%% Sz = size(X)*8, -%% <<Y:Sz/unsigned-big>> = X, -%% %%Fmt = "~"++integer_to_list(size(X)*2)++"~p", -%% list_to_binary(io_lib:format("~p", [Y])). - -%% -endif. - |