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Diffstat (limited to 'lib/ssl/test/ssl_payload_SUITE.erl')
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/ssl/test/ssl_payload_SUITE.erl | 726 |
1 files changed, 726 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/lib/ssl/test/ssl_payload_SUITE.erl b/lib/ssl/test/ssl_payload_SUITE.erl new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0aa92bdf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/ssl/test/ssl_payload_SUITE.erl @@ -0,0 +1,726 @@ +%% +%% %CopyrightBegin% +%% +%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2008-2009. All Rights Reserved. +%% +%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, +%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in +%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the +%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be +%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. +%% +%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" +%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See +%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations +%% under the License. +%% +%% %CopyrightEnd% +%% + +-module(ssl_payload_SUITE). + +%% Note: This directive should only be used in test suites. +-compile(export_all). + +-include("test_server.hrl"). + +-define(TIMEOUT, 600000). + +%% Test server callback functions +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% Function: init_per_suite(Config) -> Config +%% Config - [tuple()] +%% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. +%% Description: Initialization before the whole suite +%% +%% Note: This function is free to add any key/value pairs to the Config +%% variable, but should NOT alter/remove any existing entries. +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +init_per_suite(Config) -> + crypto:start(), + ssl:start(), + make_certs:all(?config(data_dir, Config), ?config(priv_dir, Config)), + ssl_test_lib:cert_options(Config). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% Function: end_per_suite(Config) -> _ +%% Config - [tuple()] +%% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. +%% Description: Cleanup after the whole suite +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +end_per_suite(_Config) -> + ssl:stop(), + crypto:stop(). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% Function: init_per_testcase(TestCase, Config) -> Config +%% Case - atom() +%% Name of the test case that is about to be run. +%% Config - [tuple()] +%% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. +%% +%% Description: Initialization before each test case +%% +%% Note: This function is free to add any key/value pairs to the Config +%% variable, but should NOT alter/remove any existing entries. +%% Description: Initialization before each test case +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +init_per_testcase(_TestCase, Config0) -> + Config = lists:keydelete(watchdog, 1, Config0), + Dog = ssl_test_lib:timetrap(?TIMEOUT), + [{watchdog, Dog} | Config]. + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% Function: end_per_testcase(TestCase, Config) -> _ +%% Case - atom() +%% Name of the test case that is about to be run. +%% Config - [tuple()] +%% A list of key/value pairs, holding the test case configuration. +%% Description: Cleanup after each test case +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +end_per_testcase(_TestCase, Config) -> + Dog = ?config(watchdog, Config), + case Dog of + undefined -> + ok; + _ -> + test_server:timetrap_cancel(Dog) + end. + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% Function: all(Clause) -> TestCases +%% Clause - atom() - suite | doc +%% TestCases - [Case] +%% Case - atom() +%% Name of a test case. +%% Description: Returns a list of all test cases in this test suite +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +all(doc) -> + ["Test payload over ssl in all socket modes, active, active_once," + "and passive mode."]; + +all(suite) -> + [server_echos_passive_small, server_echos_active_once_small, + server_echos_active_small, + client_echos_passive_small, client_echos_active_once_small, + client_echos_active_small, + server_echos_passive_big, server_echos_active_once_big, + server_echos_active_big, + client_echos_passive_big, client_echos_active_once_big, + client_echos_active_big, + server_echos_passive_huge, server_echos_active_once_huge, + server_echos_active_huge, + client_echos_passive_huge, client_echos_active_once_huge, + client_echos_active_huge + ]. + +%% Test cases starts here. +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +server_echos_passive_small(doc) -> + ["Client sends 1000 bytes in passive mode to server, that receives them, " + "sends them back, and closes."]; + +server_echos_passive_small(suite) -> + []; + +server_echos_passive_small(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + server_echos_passive(Str, 1000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, + ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + +server_echos_active_once_small(doc) -> + ["Client sends 1000 bytes in active once mode to server, that receives " + " them, sends them back, and closes."]; + +server_echos_active_once_small(suite) -> + []; + +server_echos_active_once_small(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + server_echos_active_once(Str, 1000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, + ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + +server_echos_active_small(doc) -> + ["Client sends 1000 bytes in active mode to server, that receives them, " + "sends them back, and closes."]; + +server_echos_active_small(suite) -> + []; + +server_echos_active_small(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + server_echos_active(Str, 1000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, + ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +client_echos_passive_small(doc) -> + ["Server sends 1000 bytes in passive mode to client, that receives them, " + "sends them back, and closes."]; + +client_echos_passive_small(suite) -> + []; + +client_echos_passive_small(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + client_echos_passive(Str, 1000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +client_echos_active_once_small(doc) -> + ["Server sends 1000 bytes in active once mode to client, that receives " + "them, sends them back, and closes."]; + +client_echos_active_once_small(suite) -> + []; + +client_echos_active_once_small(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + client_echos_active_once(Str, 1000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +client_echos_active_small(doc) -> + ["Server sends 1000 bytes in active mode to client, that receives them, " + "sends them back, and closes."]; + +client_echos_active_small(suite) -> + []; + +client_echos_active_small(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + client_echos_active(Str, 1000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +server_echos_passive_big(doc) -> + ["Client sends 50000 bytes to server in passive mode, that receives them, " + "sends them back, and closes."]; + +server_echos_passive_big(suite) -> + []; + +server_echos_passive_big(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + server_echos_passive(Str, 50000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + +server_echos_active_once_big(doc) -> + ["Client sends 50000 bytes to server in active once mode, that receives " + "them, sends them back, and closes."]; + +server_echos_active_once_big(suite) -> + []; + +server_echos_active_once_big(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + server_echos_active_once(Str, 50000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + +server_echos_active_big(doc) -> + ["Client sends 50000 bytes to server in active once mode, that receives " + " them, sends them back, and closes."]; + +server_echos_active_big(suite) -> + []; + +server_echos_active_big(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + server_echos_active(Str, 50000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +client_echos_passive_big(doc) -> + ["Server sends 50000 bytes to client in passive mode, that receives them, " + "sends them back, and closes."]; + +client_echos_passive_big(suite) -> + []; + +client_echos_passive_big(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + client_echos_passive(Str, 50000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +client_echos_active_once_big(doc) -> + ["Server sends 50000 bytes to client in active once mode, that receives" + " them, sends them back, and closes."]; + +client_echos_active_once_big(suite) -> + []; + +client_echos_active_once_big(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + client_echos_active_once(Str, 50000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +client_echos_active_big(doc) -> + ["Server sends 50000 bytes to client in active mode, that receives them, " + "sends them back, and closes."]; + +client_echos_active_big(suite) -> + []; + +client_echos_active_big(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + client_echos_active(Str, 50000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +server_echos_passive_huge(doc) -> + ["Client sends 500000 bytes to server in passive mode, that receives " + " them, sends them back, and closes."]; + +server_echos_passive_huge(suite) -> + []; + +server_echos_passive_huge(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + server_echos_passive(Str, 500000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +server_echos_active_once_huge(doc) -> + ["Client sends 500000 bytes to server in active once mode, that receives " + "them, sends them back, and closes."]; + +server_echos_active_once_huge(suite) -> + []; + +server_echos_active_once_huge(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + server_echos_active_once(Str, 500000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +server_echos_active_huge(doc) -> + ["Client sends 500000 bytes to server in active mode, that receives them, " + "sends them back, and closes."]; + +server_echos_active_huge(suite) -> + []; + +server_echos_active_huge(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + + server_echos_active(Str, 500000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +client_echos_passive_huge(doc) -> + ["Server sends 500000 bytes to client in passive mode, that receives " + "them, sends them back, and closes."]; + +client_echos_passive_huge(suite) -> + []; + +client_echos_passive_huge(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + client_echos_passive(Str, 500000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +client_echos_active_once_huge(doc) -> + ["Server sends 500000 bytes to client in active once mode, that receives " + "them, sends them back, and closes."]; + +client_echos_active_once_huge(suite) -> + []; + +client_echos_active_once_huge(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + client_echos_active_once(Str, 500000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- +client_echos_active_huge(doc) -> + ["Server sends 500000 bytes to client in active mode, that receives them, " + "sends them back, and closes."]; + +client_echos_active_huge(suite) -> + []; + +client_echos_active_huge(Config) when is_list(Config) -> + ClientOpts = ?config(client_opts, Config), + ServerOpts = ?config(server_opts, Config), + {ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname} = ssl_test_lib:run_where(Config), + + Str = "1234567890", + client_echos_active(Str, 500000, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname). + +%%-------------------------------------------------------------------- + +server_echos_passive(Data, Length, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, + ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname) -> + Server = ssl_test_lib:start_server([{node, ServerNode}, {port, 0}, + {from, self()}, + {mfa, + {?MODULE, echoer, + [Data, Length]}}, + {options, + [{active, false},{mode, binary} + | ServerOpts]}]), + Port = ssl_test_lib:inet_port(Server), + Client = ssl_test_lib:start_client([{node, ClientNode}, {port, Port}, + {host, Hostname}, + {from, self()}, + {mfa, + {?MODULE, sender, + [Data, + Length]}}, + {options, + [{active, false}, {mode, binary} | + ClientOpts]}]), + ssl_test_lib:check_result(Server, ok, Client, ok), + + ssl_test_lib:close(Server), + ssl_test_lib:close(Client). + + +server_echos_active_once(Data, Length, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, Hostname) -> + Server = ssl_test_lib:start_server([{node, ServerNode}, {port, 0}, + {from, self()}, + {mfa, + {?MODULE, echoer_once, + [Data, Length]}}, + {options, [{active, once}, + {mode, binary}| + ServerOpts]}]), + Port = ssl_test_lib:inet_port(Server), + Client = ssl_test_lib:start_client([{node, ClientNode}, {port, Port}, + {host, Hostname}, + {from, self()}, + {mfa, + {?MODULE, sender_once, + [Data, Length]}}, + {options, [{active, once}, + {mode, binary} | + ClientOpts]}]), + ssl_test_lib:check_result(Server, ok, Client, ok), + + ssl_test_lib:close(Server), + ssl_test_lib:close(Client). + + +server_echos_active(Data, Length, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, + ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname) -> + Server = ssl_test_lib:start_server([{node, ServerNode}, {port, 0}, + {from, self()}, + {mfa, + {?MODULE, echoer_active, + [Data, Length]}}, + {options, + [{active, true}, + {mode, binary} | ServerOpts]}]), + Port = ssl_test_lib:inet_port(Server), + Client = ssl_test_lib:start_client([{node, ClientNode}, {port, Port}, + {host, Hostname}, + {from, self()}, + {mfa, + {?MODULE, sender_active, + [Data, + Length]}}, + {options, + [{active, true}, {mode, binary} + | ClientOpts]}]), + ssl_test_lib:check_result(Server, ok, Client, ok), + + ssl_test_lib:close(Server), + ssl_test_lib:close(Client). + +client_echos_passive(Data, Length, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, + ClientNode, ServerNode, Hostname) -> + Server = ssl_test_lib:start_server([{node, ServerNode}, {port, 0}, + {from, self()}, + {mfa, + {?MODULE, sender, + [Data, Length]}}, + {options, + [{active, false}, {mode, binary} | + ServerOpts]}]), + Port = ssl_test_lib:inet_port(Server), + Client = ssl_test_lib:start_client([{node, ClientNode}, {port, Port}, + {host, Hostname}, + {from, self()}, + {mfa, + {?MODULE, echoer, + [Data, + Length]}}, + {options, + [{active, false}, {mode, binary} + | ClientOpts]}]), + ssl_test_lib:check_result(Server, ok, Client, ok), + + ssl_test_lib:close(Server), + ssl_test_lib:close(Client). + +client_echos_active_once(Data, Length, + ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, ServerNode, + Hostname) -> + Server = ssl_test_lib:start_server([{node, ServerNode}, {port, 0}, + {from, self()}, + {mfa, + {?MODULE, sender_once, + [Data, Length]}}, + {options, [{active, once}, + {mode, binary} | + ServerOpts]}]), + Port = ssl_test_lib:inet_port(Server), + Client = ssl_test_lib:start_client([{node, ClientNode}, {port, Port}, + {host, Hostname}, + {from, self()}, + {mfa, + {?MODULE, echoer_once, + [Data, + Length]}}, + {options,[{active, once}, + {mode, binary} + | ClientOpts]}]), + ssl_test_lib:check_result(Server, ok, Client, ok), + + ssl_test_lib:close(Server), + ssl_test_lib:close(Client). + +client_echos_active(Data, Length, ClientOpts, ServerOpts, ClientNode, + ServerNode, + Hostname) -> + Server = ssl_test_lib:start_server([{node, ServerNode}, {port, 0}, + {from, self()}, + {mfa, + {?MODULE, sender_active, + [Data, Length]}}, + {options, [{active, true}, + {mode, binary} + | ServerOpts]}]), + Port = ssl_test_lib:inet_port(Server), + Client = ssl_test_lib:start_client([{node, ClientNode}, {port, Port}, + {host, Hostname}, + {from, self()}, + {mfa, + {?MODULE, echoer_active, + [Data, + Length]}}, + {options, [{active, true}, + {mode, binary} + | ClientOpts]}]), + ssl_test_lib:check_result(Server, ok, Client, ok), + + ssl_test_lib:close(Server), + ssl_test_lib:close(Client). + +send(_, _, _, 0,_) -> + ok; +send(Socket, Data, Size, Repeate,F) -> + NewData = lists:duplicate(Size div 10, Data), + ssl:send(Socket, NewData), + F(), + send(Socket, Data, Size, Repeate - 1,F). + +sender(Socket, Data, Size) -> + ok = send(Socket, Data, Size, 100, fun() -> do_recv(Socket, Data, Size, <<>>, false) end), + test_server:format("Sender recv: ~p~n", [ssl:getopts(Socket, [active])]), + ok. + +sender_once(Socket, Data, Size) -> + send(Socket, Data, Size, 100, + fun() -> do_active_once(Socket, Data, Size, <<>>, false) end), + test_server:format("Sender active once: ~p~n", + [ssl:getopts(Socket, [active])]), + ok. + +sender_active(Socket, Data, Size) -> + F = fun() -> do_active(Socket, Data, Size, <<>>, false) end, + send(Socket, Data, Size, 100, F), + test_server:format("Sender active: ~p~n", [ssl:getopts(Socket, [active])]), + ok. + +echoer(Socket, Data, Size) -> + test_server:format("Echoer recv: ~p~n", [ssl:getopts(Socket, [active])]), + echo(fun() -> do_recv(Socket, Data, Size, <<>>, true) end, 100). + +echoer_once(Socket, Data, Size) -> + test_server:format("Echoer active once: ~p ~n", + [ssl:getopts(Socket, [active])]), + echo(fun() -> do_active_once(Socket, Data, Size, <<>>, true) end, 100). + +echoer_active(Socket, Data, Size) -> + test_server:format("Echoer active: ~p~n", [ssl:getopts(Socket, [active])]), + echo(fun() -> do_active(Socket, Data, Size, <<>>, true) end, 100). + +echo(_Fun, 0) -> ok; +echo(Fun, N) -> + Fun(), + echo(Fun, N-1). + + +do_recv(_Socket, _Data, 0, _Acc, true) -> + ok; +do_recv(_Socket, Data, 0, Acc, false) -> + Data = lists:sublist(binary_to_list(Acc), 10); + +do_recv(Socket, Data, Size, Acc, Echo) -> + {ok, NewData} = ssl:recv(Socket, 0), + NewSize = size(NewData), + case Echo of + true -> + ssl:send(Socket, NewData), + NewSize = size(NewData), + do_recv(Socket, Data, Size - NewSize, [], Echo); + false -> + case size(Acc) < 10 of + true -> + do_recv(Socket, Data, Size - NewSize, + <<Acc/binary, NewData/binary>>, Echo); + false -> + do_recv(Socket, Data, Size - NewSize, Acc, Echo) + end + end. + +do_active_once(_Socket, _Data, 0, _Acc, true) -> + ok; +do_active_once(_Socket, Data, 0, Acc, false) -> + Data = lists:sublist(binary_to_list(Acc), 10); + +do_active_once(Socket, Data, Size, Acc, Echo) -> + receive + {ssl, Socket, NewData} -> + NewSize = size(NewData), + case Echo of + true -> + ssl:send(Socket, NewData), + ssl:setopts(Socket, [{active, once}]), + do_active_once(Socket, Data, Size - NewSize, [], Echo); + false -> + case size(Acc) < 10 of + true -> + ssl:setopts(Socket, [{active, once}]), + do_active_once(Socket, Data, Size - NewSize, + <<Acc/binary, NewData/binary>>, + Echo); + false -> + ssl:setopts(Socket, [{active, once}]), + do_active_once(Socket, Data, + Size - NewSize, Acc, Echo) + end + end + end. + +do_active(_Socket, _Data, 0, _Acc, true) -> + ok; +do_active(_Socket, Data, 0, Acc, false) -> + Data = lists:sublist(binary_to_list(Acc), 10); + +do_active(Socket, Data, Size, Acc, Echo) -> + receive + {ssl, Socket, NewData} -> + NewSize = size(NewData), + case Echo of + true -> + ssl:send(Socket, NewData), + do_active(Socket, Data, Size - NewSize, [], Echo); + false -> + case size(Acc) < 10 of + true -> + do_active(Socket, Data, Size - NewSize, + <<Acc/binary, NewData/binary>>, + Echo); + false -> + do_active(Socket, Data, + Size - NewSize, Acc, Echo) + end + end + end. |